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1 βιάω
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2 ἀποπαρθενόω
V 0-0-0-0-1=1 Sir 20,4to deflower, to violate [τινα]; neol. -
3 βιάζομαι
+ V 4-6-0-1-6=17 Gn 33,11; Ex 19,24; Dt 22,25.28; JgsA 13,15to urge, to insist, to constrain [τινα] Gn 33,11; to force [τινα] Ex 19,24; to lay hands upon, violate [τινα] Est 7,8; to break violently into [τι] 2 Mc 14,41; to constrain to [+inf.] Ex 19,24Cf. HELBING 1928, 13; SPICQ 1978a, 189-194; →TWNT(→ἀποβιάζομαι, διαβιάζομαι, ἐκβιάζομαι, καταβιάζομαι, παραβιάζομαι,,) -
4 καταισχύνω
+ V 0-5-34-27-13=79 JgsB 18,7; 2 Sm 10,6; 16,21; 19,6; 2 Kgs 19,26A: to dishonour, to put to shame [τινα] 2 Sm 16,21; to disappoint [τινα] Ps 118 (119),31; to dishonour, to violate, to rape [τινα] (of women) Ru 2,15; to put to shame [τι] JgsB 18,7; to live dishonestly Sir 22,4M/P: to be ashamed Jer 10,14; to be ashamed of [ἀπό τινος] Jer 31(48),13*2 Sm 10,6 κατῃσχύνθησαν they were ashamed-ושׁנבו שׁבו(?) for MT ושׁנבא they had become odious; *2 Sm 16,21 κατῄσχυνας you have dishonoured-תשׁהבי for MT תשׁנבא you have made yourself odious; *Is 28,16 καταισχυνθῇ he shall be ashamed-שׁיבו for MT שׁיחי שׁחו he will panic, he will be in haste; *Jer 27(50),38 καταισχυνθήσονταιthey shall be ashamed-ושׁיבו שׁבו for MT ושׁיב שׁיב that they may be dried up; *Ez 24,12 καταισχυνθήσεται he shall become shameful-השׁבא? שׁבו for MT שׁא/ב in fireCf. HELBING 1928, 262; SCHREINER 1957 103 (Jgs 18,7) -
5 ταπεινόω
+ V 15-37-37-68-21=178 Gn 15,13; 16,9; 31,50; 34,2; Ex 1,12A: to bow (the head) [τι] Sir 4,7; to bring low, to abase, to confound, to overthrow (pride) [τι] Is 13,11; to bring down (the body) [τι] Est 4,17k; to bring down, to humble, to lower (the eyes) [τι] (metaph.) 2 Sm 22,28; to bring low (a tree) [τι] (metaph.) Ez 17,24; to humble [τινα] Gn 15,13; to violate [τινα] Gn 34,2P: to be lowered, to be levelled Is 40,4; to be humbled Ps 50(51),19ταπεινώσατε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν humble your souls, discipline yourselves, fast Lv 16,29*JgsA 5,13 ταπείνωσόν μοι humble (them) before me, make (them) low before me-רדד? to subdue for MT ירד ירד (the people of the Lord) went down for me; *Is 3,8 ἐταπεινώθη it has been brought low-ענה for MT עני? (עיני 1QIsa) eyes of; *Is 3,17 καὶ ταπεινώσει and he will humble-פלשׁ? for MT פחשׂו he will lay bare; *Ps 38(39),3 ἐταπεινώθην I was humbled-דממתי? I was brought to silence for MT דומיה silence;*Ps 87(88),16 ἐταπεινώθην I am brought low-אמך מוך or-מכך for MT ך/אמי your terrors; *Jb 22,23ταπεινώσῃς σεαυτόν you humble yourself-תענה for MT תבנה you will be rebuilt, you will be rehabilitatedCf. DORIVAL 1994, 504-505; SPICQ 1978a, 878-880; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
6 βαρβαρίζω
A behave or speak like a barbarian, Hdt.2.57, Philostr. VA1.21, Arr.An.7.6.5; speak broken Greek, speak gibberish, Pl. Tht. 175d codd. (sed leg. βατταρίζων); βαρβαριζόντων ἑτεροφώνων Phld.Po.994.6
; violate the laws of speech, commit barbarisms,τῇ λέξει β. Arist.SE 165b21
, cf. Plb.39.1.7, Str.14.2.28, Luc.Rh.Pr.17, 23, etc.; distd. from σολοικίζω, Phld.Rh.1.154 S.2 trans., 'murder', mangle,τὴν Ῥωμαίων φωνήν Luc.Merc.Cond.24
.II side with the barbarians, i.e. the Persians, X.HG5.2.35, Max.Tyr.4.2.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βαρβαρίζω
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7 βλάπτω
A , etc.: [tense] aor. ἔβλαψα, [dialect] Ep.βλάψε Il.23.774
: [tense] aor. 2ἔβλᾰβον Q.S.5.509
: [tense] pf.βέβλᾰφα D.19.180
, Plb.12.26.2, ἔβλαφα ([etym.] κατ-) IG7.303.51 ([place name] Oropus):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.βλᾰβήσομαι Isoc.1.25
, Pl.Men. 77e, Grg. 475d, Hp.Mi. 373a;βεβλάψομαι Hp.Acut.16
: also [tense] fut. [voice] Med. βλάψομαι (in pass. signf.) Th.1.81, 6.64: [tense] aor. 1ἐβλά-φθην Il.16.331
, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἐβλάβην [ᾰ], [ per.] 3pl. ἔβλαβεν, βλάβεν, 23.461, 545, part. (lyr.) ([tense] aor. [voice] Med. βλάψαντο only in Q.S.5.466): [tense] pf.βέβλαμμαι Il.16.660
, etc.:—disable, hinder,μή τιν' ἑταίρων βλάπτοι ἐλαυνόντων Od.13.22
;βλάψας δέ μοι ἵππους Il.23.571
; β. πόδας disable the feet for running, lame them, ib. 782:—[voice] Pass., ζωὸν ἕλε βλαφθέντα κατὰ κλόνον entangled in the mêlée, 16.331; ὄζῳ ἔνι βλαφθέντε μυρικίνῳ [the horses] caught in a branch, 6.39; βλάβεν ἅρματα καὶ ταχε' ἵππω chariots and horses were stopped, 23.545; Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα stopped, baffled by Zeus, 15.489, cf. 484; βεβλαμμένος ἦτορ stopped in his life (s. v.l.), 16.660.2 c. gen., hinder from,τόν γε θεοὶ βλάπτουσι κελεύθου Od.1.195
;οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν βλάπτειν οὔτ' αἰδοῦς οὔτε δίκης ἐθέλει Tyrt.12.40
(repeated in Thgn. 938):—[voice] Pass., βλαβέντα λοισθίων δρόμων arrested in its last course, A.Ag. 120 (lyr.).II of the mind, distract, pervert, mislead, of the gods,τὸν δέ τις ἀθανάτων βλάψε φρένας Od.14.178
, cf. Trag.Adesp. 455: c. acc. pers., Il.22.15, Od.23.14; so of Ate, ; also of wine, Od.21.294; βλαφθείς, Lat. mente captus, Il.9.512: so c. gen.,ἥ τε [Περσεφόνη].. βλάπτουσα νόοιο Thgn.705
;νόου βεβλαμμένος ἐσθλοῦ Id.223
.III after Hom., damage, hurt, οἷσι μὴ βλάψῃ θεός (sc. τὰ τέκνα) A.Eu. 661, etc.: with neut. Adj.,πλείω β. τινά Th.6.33
; ;ἄλλο τι X.HG1.1.22
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,μεγάλα βεβλάφθαι Id.Cyr.5.3.30
;βεβλαμμένος τὸν ὀφθαλμόν PStrassb.52.2
(ii A. D.), etc.: c. acc. cogn., β. τοὺς βίους μείζους βλάβας do greater mischiefs to.., Posidipp.12.4: c. dupl. acc., β. τὴν πόλιν τοὺς ὑπολοίπους rob her of.., App.BC2.131:—[voice] Pass., τοσούσδε βλαβῆναι τὴν πόλιν lose them, Id.Hann.28; τὸ βλαβέν, = βλάβη, Pl.Lg. 933e. -
8 δηλέομαι
δηλ-έομαι (A), [dialect] Dor. [pref] δᾱλ- Theoc.15.48: [tense] fut. - ήσομαι: [tense] aor. ἐδηλησάμην: [tense] pf. δεδήλημαι, prob. in act. sense, E.Hipp. 175 (in pass. sense, Hdt.4.198, 8.100):I mostly of persons, hurt, do a mischief to, μήπως [ἵππους] δηλήσεαι, by accident, Il.23.428; also on purpose, ; ἠέ σε.. ἄνδρες ἐδηλήσαντο did thee a mischief, i.e. slew thee, Od.11.401; μή με.. δηλήσεται ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ ([dialect] Ep. subj.) 22.368; of the sword, ῥινὸν δηλήσατο χαλκός ib. 278;ἄλλον δηλήσομαι, ἄλλον ὀνήσω h.Merc. 541
;δ. τινὰ ἔργμασι λυγροῖς Mimn.7
, = Thgn.795: in [dialect] Ion. Prose,ἵνα μὴ ἔχοιέν σφεας δηλέεσθαι Hdt.6.36
, cf. 7.51;πλεῖστόν σφεας ἐδηλέετο ἡ ἐσθής Id.9.63
;τοὺς.. ποτῷ δαλήσατο Κίρκα Theoc.9.36
.II of things, damage, spoil,καρπὸν ἐδηλήσαντ' Il.1.156
; so in Hdt.,γῆν δ. πολλά 4.115
;ἅλμην ἐπανθέουσαν, ὥστε καὶ τὰς πυραμίδας δηλέεσθαι Id.2.12
: freq. in Hom. in the phrase, ὅρκια δηλήσασθαι violate a truce, Il.3.107, al.; of thieves, μή τις.. δηλήσεται ([dialect] Ep. subj.) should steal them, Od.8.444, cf. 13.124.2 abs., to do mischief, be hurtful,ἔνθα κε σὴ βουλὴ δηλήσεται Il.14.102
: c. acc. cogn., ἠδ' ὅσα.. ἄνδρες ἐδηλήσαντο all the mischief they did, Od.10.459. ([dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion., and rarely [dialect] Dor., Theoc. Il. cc.; cf. δάλλει, πανδάλητος, and perh. ἀδαλές.)------------------------------------Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δηλέομαι
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9 καταδηλέομαι
A injure, violate, Men.Prot.p.108 D.: Elean forms καδαλέοιτο, καδαλήμενοι, Schwyzer 413.8,6; καζαλήμενον ib.418.19.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταδηλέομαι
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10 καταπορνεύω
II violate, treat as prostitutes, Plu.2.821d, Ael.VH 9.8:—[voice] Pass., prob. in POxy. 1241 iii 11.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταπορνεύω
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11 μινύθω
II intr., become smaller or less, decrease,μινύθουσι δὲ οἶκοι ἐν σέλαϊ μεγάλῳ Il.17.738
;μινύθει δέ τε ἔργ' ἀνθρώπων 16.392
, cf. Hes.Op. 409; μινύθουσι δὲ οἶκοι, from want of heirs, ib. 244;μινύθει δέ τοι ἦτορ ἑταίρων Od.4.374
;μ. κραδίη Thgn.361
; ἀρετᾶς οὐ μινύθει (fort. μινύνθη)ἅμα σώματι φέγγος B.3.90
; μ. αἱ σάρκες shrink, waste, Hp.Art.53, Mochl.19: used by Trag. only in lyr., A.Th. 920, Eu. 374, S.OC 686;τὰς νύκτας ἔφασκον τῶ θέρεος μινύθειν Theoc.21.23
. (Cf. Skt. minóti, minā´ti 'diminish', 'violate', 'damage', Lat. minuo, etc.; cf. μείων.) -
12 παραθραύω
II break off, metaph.,τὴν εἰρήνην ψηφίσματι πολέμου π. Demad.44
;ὀλίγον τοῦ λόγου Gal.4.623
, cf. 9.931; infringe, violate,τὸ δίκαιον Porph.Abst.3.1
:—so in [voice] Pass., παρατεθραυμένος (v.l. -αυσμένος) Pl.Lg. 757e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραθραύω
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13 παραρρήγνυμι
A break at the side, esp. break a line of battle, Th.4.96 ; π. τοῦ πύργου μέρος make a breach in it, Polyaen.2.27.2 :—[voice] Pass., to be broken, Th.5.73, 6.70, Arr.An.2.22.7, 4.26.5.2 metaph., break through, violate,τὸν νόμον Them. Or.15.190b
, cf. Or.16.212d.II [voice] Pass., with [tense] pf. 2 παρέρρωγα, break or burst at the side,παρέρρωγεν ποδὸς φλέψ S.Ph. 824
;χιτωνίου παραρραγέντος Ar.Ra. 414
(lyr.) ; τὰ παρερρωγότα τῆς ὀρεινῆς broken ground, ravines, Plu.Alex.17 ;τὸ παρερρωγὸς τοῦ στρατεύματος Arr. An.2.11.1
.2 φωνὴ παρερρωγυῖα broken (by passion), Thphr.Char. 6.7 ; so .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραρρήγνυμι
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14 παρασπονδέω
II trans.,1 π. τινάς break faith with them, Plb.1.7.8, cf. Plu.Sull.3 ;τοὺς παρεσπονδηκότας τὰς πόλεις IG 22.687.32
:—[voice] Pass., suffer by a breach of faith, Plb.3.15.7, J. BJ1.19.4 ;ὑπό τινος Id.Vit.59
.2 π. πίστεις, δεξιάς, violate pledges, etc., D.H.6.30, 7.46.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παρασπονδέω
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15 παρατιτρώσκω
A wound besides: metaph., do violence to, τὴν ἀλήθειαν Men.Prot.p.116D.; violate,νόμον Lyd.Mag.1.41
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παρατιτρώσκω
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16 παραχειρογραφέω
A violate a written agreement, PLond.2.359.1 (i/ii A.D.), PFay.42 a ii 14 (ii A.D.), POxy.2112.19 (ii A.D.) :—hence Subst. [suff] παραχειρογρᾰφ-ία, ἡ, PGnom. 218 (ii A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραχειρογραφέω
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17 συγχέω
Aσύγχεᾰς Il.15.366
, but more freq. [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. συνέχευα, inf. συγχεῦαι, [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. σύγχῠτο:—[tense] aor. [voice] Pass. -εχύθην [ῠ], for which - εχέθην is f.l. in Apollod. 1.7.2, Luc.DMar.9.2:—pour together, commingle, confound, συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν [τὰ ἀθύρματα] Il.15.364;τὰ διακεκριμένα Pl. Phlb. 46e
;ἄνω κάτω τὰ πάντα σ. ὁμοῦ E.Ba. 349
; σ. τὰς ψήφους mix them up, Is.5.18;τὰ σύμβολα D.21.173
;τὰς τάξεις Plb.1.40.13
; τὰς ὄψεις, of lightning, Poll.1.118:—[voice] Pass.,ἡνία δέ σφι σύγχυτο Il. 16.471
; μεταλλεῖα συγκεχυμένα in confusion, Pl.Lg. 678d;τὴν κρόκην καὶ τοὺς στήμονας συγκεχυμένους διακρίνομεν Id.Cra. 388b
.3 confuse, blur,τὰ γράμματα Id.IA37
(anap.), cf. Arist.GA 721b34 ([voice] Pass.), Aud. 801b18 ([voice] Pass.); συγκεχυμένον μέλαν an indistinct black mark, Id.HA 585b34; φωνὴ ς. D.S.1.8; πλαδαρὰ καὶ σ. σάρξ flabby and ill-defined flesh, Theon ap.Gal.6.96; συνεκέχυτο δ' ἔτι τοῦτο was still confused, not yet distinguished, Gal.15.30, cf. 713.II of the mind, confound, trouble,μή μοι σύγχει θυμόν Il.9.612
, cf. 13.808;σὺν δὲ γέροντι νόος χύτο 24.358
;συνεχέοντο αἱ γνῶμαι τῶν φαμένων Hdt.7.142
;ὁ βίος δι' ἀπιστίαν συγχυθήσεται Epicur.Sent.Vat.57
: with the person as object,ἄνδρα γε συγχεῦαι Od.8.139
, cf. Hdt.8.99:—[voice] Pass., τί συγχυθεῖσ' ἕστηκας; E.Med. 1005;μὴ ἀθυμείτω τις, ἐὰν συγχέηται Gal.15.584
.2 confound, make of none effect,πολὺν κάματον καὶ ὸϊζὺν σύγχεας Ἀργείων Il.15.366
, cf. 473;τὴν πάρος σ. χάριν S.Tr. 1229
; esp. of contracts, engagements, etc., make of none effect, frustrate, violate,ἐπεὶ σύν γ' ὅρκι' ἔχευαν Τρῶες Il.4.269
, cf. Pl.R. 379e, Hp.Jusj., E.Hipp. 1063;τὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων νόμιμα Hdt.7.136
, cf. Antipho 4.1.2, SIG45.33 (Halic., v B.C.);τὴν πολιτείαν D.24.91
; D 28 (Delph., iv B.C.); , cf. OGI669.18 (Egypt, i A.D.);ξυνουσίαν Luc.
Bis Acc.17:—[voice] Pass.,λέλυται πάντα, συγκέχυται D.25.25
. -
18 ταπεινόω
A lower, in point of height, reduce, σπλῆνα (swollen spleen) Dsc.2.155:—[voice] Pass.,πᾶν ὄρος ταπεινωθήσεται LXX Is.40.4
;πρόσωπον ἐκ μετεώρου ταπεινούμενον Hp.Coac. 208
; of a plant, decrease in size, Thphr.HP7.13.9; of rivers, D.S.1.36; Astrol., of a planet, suffer dejection, Vett.Val.119.15.II metaph., lessen,τὸν φθόνον Plu.Per.32
;τὸ ἐν μέλιτι χολῶδες Gal.15.683
(to expl. κολάζεται in Hp.Acut.59); disparage, minimize, Plb.6.15.7, cf. 3.85.7:—[voice] Pass., to be lowered or lessened, Pl.Ti. 72d.2 humble, abase, X.An.6.3.18;τ. καὶ συστέλλων Pl.Ly. 210e
;ταπεινώσαντες.. τοὺς νῦν ἐπηρμένους Aeschin.3.235
:—[voice] Pass.,ταπεινωθεὶς ἕπεται Pl.Phdr. 254e
;ὑπὸ πενίας Id.R. 553c
, Phld.Rh.1.225 S.;τεταπείνωται ἡ τῶν Ἀθηναίων δόξα X.Mem.3.5.4
;ἐταπεινοῦντο ταῖς ἐλπίσι D.S.13.11
;τεταπεινωμένων τῶν ἄλλων διὰ τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων κατάστασιν Anon.Oxy.664.22
.3 in moral sense, make lowly, humble,ἑαυτόν Phld.Vit.p.38
J., Ev.Matt. 23.12, al.:—[voice] Pass., humble oneself, , cf. LXX Ge.16.9, Si.18.21, 1 Ep.Pet.5.6.4 esp. of fasting or abstinence, θεοῦ ᾧ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐν τῇ σήμερον ἡμέρᾳ (i.e. on a fast-day)ταπεινοῦται μεθ' ἱκετείας SIG1181.11
(Rhenea, Jewish, ii A.D.); ἐὰν ψυχὴν τεταπεινωμένην ἐμπλήσῃς feed the hungry, LXX Is.58.10, cf. Le.23.27, al.; οἶδα ταπεινοῦσθαι, opp. περισσεύειν, Ep.Phil.4.12.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ταπεινόω
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19 ὅρκιον
ὅρκ-ιον, τό,A = ὅρκος, oath, Il.4.158, Hdt.1.29, etc.; ὅρκια δοῦναι take oaths, Od.19.302, E.Supp. 1232 (anap.);ὅ. πορεῖν A.R.2.433
; ὅρκια δὲ Ζεὺς ἴστω let Zeus witness our oath, Il.7.411.II mostly in pl., ὅρκια, τά, the offerings and other things used at a solemn oath or treaty,κήρυκες.. ὅ. πιστὰ θεῶν σύναγον Il.3.269
, cf. 245 ;οἱ ἐννέα ἄρχοντες ὀμνύουσιν ὥσπερ ἐπὶ Ἀκάστου τὰ ὅ. ποιήσειν Arist. Ath.3.3
;ὅ. παρεχέτω ὁ ἱερωργός SIG581.91
(Crete, iii/ii B. C.); then, that which is sworn to, treaty, solemn agreement, freq. in Hom. (esp. Il.),οὐκ ἔστι λέουσι καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὅ. πιστά 22.262
: freq. in phrase,ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμεῖν 2.124
, cf. 3.105, al. ;κατόπερ τὰ ὅ. ἔταμον SIG45.44
(Halic., v B.C.);ὅ. ἐπιταμνέτω Schwyzer687
D2 (Chios, vii/vi B.C.);ὅ. ποιεῖσθαι SIG591.32
(Lampsacus, ii B. C.) ;ὅ. τελεῖν Il.7.69
;φυλάσσειν 3.280
; ὅ. δηλήσασθαι or ὑπὲρ ὅ. δηλ. violate a solemn treaty, ib. 107,4.67 ;ὑπὲρ ὅ. πημῆναι 3.299
; κατὰ δ' ὅ. πιστὰ πάτησαν they trampled on the treaty, 4.157 ; σύν γ' ὅρκι' ἔχευαν ib. 269 ;ψεύσασθαι 7.351
; ; τὰ ὅ. ἐστί τινι, c. inf., one is bound by treaty to do, Th.6.52 : Hdt. has sg. also in this sense,κατὰ τὸ ὅ. 1.77
; ὅ. ποιέεσθαι πρός τινας ib. 141 : abs., ib. 143, etc. ; ὅ. μένει κατὰ χώρην remains as it was, 4.201 ;ὀμόσαι τὸ ὅ. ἦ μὴν ἐάσειν.. Th.6.72
;ὅρκιον ἔταμον SIG4.10
(Cyzicus, vi B. C.). -
20 λῦμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `dirt, offscourings, purgation', metaph. `contamination, revilement' (A 314 a. Ξ 371, Hdt.); on the meaning Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (with wrong connection with λύω). - λύμη f., often pl. - αι, `maltreatment (e.g. mutilation, flagellation), damage, violation, revilement'.Derivatives: 1. From λῦμα: λύμακες πέτραι H. (on alphab. wrong position); cf. βῶλαξ, λίθαξ a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379); κατα-λυμακόομαι `be covered with λύμακες `(i.e. `dirt')' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 56); also Λύμᾱξ, - κος m. Arcad. rivername (cf. ῥύᾱξ, σύρφᾱξ a.o.; Chantraine 381 f.), after Paus. 8, 41, 2 because of the Nachgeburt ( λύματα) of Rhea, in fact prob. because of the ooze (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, also Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. and Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; in detail deviat.). 2. From λύμη: λυμεών, - ωνος m. `destroyer' (S., E., Tim. Pers., Isoc., as ἀπατεών; Chantraine 163) with λυμεων -εύομαι `play the λ.' (Plb.); λυμάχη (- χή?) ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη H. (after ταραχή? στοναχή?). Transformation of λῦμα, λύμη: λῦμαρ (Max. Astrol.; cf. Schwyzer 519). -- Denomin. λυμαί-νομαι, aor. λυμήνασθαι (rare λυμῆναι, - ᾶναι) 1. from ? λῦμα `purify (of dirt)' (Hp.), usu. ἀπο-λυμαίνομαι `wash, purify' (A 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) with ἀπολυμαν-τήρ (tablecleaner' (ρ 220, 377); 2. more often from λύμη `corporally maltreat, damage, destroy,violate', also with δια-, κατα- (Ion. Att. Arc.; on the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 169, Fraenkel Denom. 49); λυμαντήρ `destroyer, violater' (X.), λυμάντωρ (Timo, Epigr. Cyrene), - τής (S.) `id.' (cf. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) with λυμαν-τήριος (A.), - τικός (Ph., Arr.) `destroying, violating'. - λύθρος m. (after βρότος, βόρβορος, πηλός?), also - ον n. `clotted, thick blood' (Hom. [only dat. - ρῳ], Hp. Ep.) with λυθρώδης `bloodstained' (LXX, AP). With λῦμα: λύμη cf. γνῶμα: γνώμη, χάρμα: - μη, βρῶμα: - μη etc.Etymology: With λῦμα, - μη agrees Alb. lum `slime, mud' (IE * lum-); an agreement with λύθρος perh. in the Illyr. GN Ludrum (with IE dh or d); close comes also Alb. ler `mud' (IE * leu-d(h)r-). The nouns mentioned go back on a in Greek lost (and by λυμαίνομαι replaced?) verb meaning `pollute, contaminate', which lives on in Lat. pol-luō (from * por-luō) and led to the verbal noun Lat. lutum = OIr. loth `muck, excrements, dirt'. Other survivals are Lat. lustrum `puddle, marsh' and German rivernames like Lune and Lienz (from * Luantia); cf. Λύμαξ. - WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. lutum. Fraenkel Wb. s. laũre. On the GN esp. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6, 106ff. a. 242ff., Eisenstuck ibd. 7. 53ff. - (Wrong Specht KZ 68, 124. λύ-μη to λύ-πη with old variation μ: π.)Page in Frisk: 2,144-145Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λῦμα
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