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81 μή
A mā´, Arm. mi [from I.-E. mē´], negative used in prohibitions):— not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,1 with [tense] pres. imper., 2 pers.,μή μ' ἐρέθιζε Il.1.32
, al.; 3 pers.,μή μευ πειράτω 9.345
, etc.: rarely with [tense] aor. imper.,μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ 4.410
, cf. Od.24.248; in [dialect] Att.,μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870
; 3 pers.,μή τις ἀκουσάτω Od.16.301
, cf. Pi.O.8.55, P.5.23, A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 1180;μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω X.Cyr.7.5.73
, Pl.Ap. 17c: with [tense] pf. imper. 3 pers.,μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω Il.12.272
; or 2 pers. when [tense] pf. = [tense] pres.,μὴ κεκράγετε Ar. V. 415
.2 with subj. (usu. 2 pers. of [tense] aor.), in prohibitions,μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς Il.5.684
, cf. A.Pr. 583 (lyr.), al.; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο ib. 625, cf. S.Ph. 470;μὴ φθονήσῃς Pl.Prt. 320c
: coupled with [tense] pres. imper.,μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε D.21.211
; 3 pers.,μὴ.. γένηται Il.4.37
, cf. Od.22.213;μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι Pi.O.5.24
: rarely, if ever, with 2 pers. [tense] pres. subj., (leg. κάμῃς); 3 pers., μή τις οἴηται, = μὴ οἰώμεθα, Pl.Lg. 861e: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the 1 pers. of the imper., [tense] pres. μὴ ἴομεν ([etym.] ἴωμεν) Il.12.216, etc.;μὴ διώκωμεν Hdt.8.109
, etc.: [tense] aor.μὴ πάθωμεν X.Cyr.1.5.11
, etc.: rarely with [ per.] 1sg.,μή σε.. κιχείω Il.1.26
, cf. 21.475, 22.123, S.OC 174 (anap.).b with [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, Il.5.487; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, Od.5.356; : in [dialect] Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, , cf. Tht. 188d, Arist.Pol. 1291a8, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found,μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται Dam.Pr.27
.3 with [tense] fut. ind., a dub. usage ( νεμεσήσετ ' is subj. in Il.15.115),μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε Lys.29.13
; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Pap. βούλη[σθ]ε) D.23.117; cf.μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν Ar.Pl. 488
.4 with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish,μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι Il.9.698
, cf. Od. 11.548; ;εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν Id.OT 1217
(lyr.), cf. E.IA70, Cyc. 186, X.Cyr.4.6.3.5 with opt. to express a negative wish, with [tense] pres.,ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426
, cf. Eu. 938 (lyr.): more freq. with [tense] aor.,μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν Od.1.386
, cf. 403, 11.613.6 in oaths and asseverations,ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Il.10.330
;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41
;μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω Ar.Ec. 1000
, cf. Av. 195, Lys. 917.7 c. inf., when used as imper.,μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους Il.17.501
;μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413
;οἷς μὴ πελάζειν A.Pr. 712
.8 freq. without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (sc. θάνῃς) S.OC 1441; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (sc. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, Ar.Ach. 458; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (sc. ποιεῖσθε) S.Ant. 577; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! E.Med. 964; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! Ar.Ach. 345;μή μοί γε μύθους Id.V. 1179
.B in DEPENDENT clauses:1 with Final Conjs.,ἵνα μή Il.19.348
, etc.;ὅπως μή D.27.5
,al.;ὡς μή Il.8.37
, A.Pr.53,al.;ὄφρα μή Il. 1.118
,al.: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν, that so,ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ Ar.V. 178
, Pl.Grg. 481a;ὡς ἂν μή Od.4.749
, Hdt.1.5; butb μή alone, = ἵνα μή, lest,ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη Il.1.522
, cf. 587;λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη Od.6.147
: [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, Ar.Ec. 495 (lyr., dub.l.).2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. εἰ (for the exceptions v. οὐ), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε, etc.b ὅτι μή except,ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι Hdt.1.18
, cf. Th.4.26;ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phd. 67a
; ὅσον μή ib. 83a; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, Th.4.16.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs.,ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν Ev.Jo.3.18
, cf. Luc.DMort.21.2, D Deor.2.1;ἐπεὶ μή Id.Hist.Conscr.3
, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς that, , cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29, DDeor.20.10.4 in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., Hdt.4.74; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (fort. κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., A.Eu. 618, cf. 661, 899; λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, S.Ph. 583; ; : freq. with subj.,ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν Od.4.165
, al.: with ἄν, S.OT 281: with opt.,ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη X.Cyr.1.6.19
, etc.: less freq. with opt. and ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 20a, Lg. 839a; γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ ib. 872d.5 c. inf.,a regularlyfrom Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after ὥστε orὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν A.Pers. 725
(troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. οὐ): always when the inf. takes the Art.,τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν Pi.O.8.60
;τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε A. Eu.86
, cf. 749, Pr. 624; .b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like ,ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι Il.18.500
(without μή ib. 450);ἀντιδικεῖν Lys.6.12
([etym.] μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν Th.5.49
, Is.4.15 ([etym.] μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν Antipho 5.34
, And.4.9; , D.33.19, etc.; ; , al. (withoutμή S.Aj.70
);ἀπιστεῖν Th.4.40
;ἀπεγνωκέναι Lys.1.34
;ἀποστερεῖσθαι Antipho 2.4.1
([etym.] μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι Id.5.32
([etym.] μηδέν) ; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, Ar.Eq. 572, Hdt.3.67;ἐναντιωθῆναι Pl.Ap. 32b
;σχεῖν Hdt.1.158
; παύειν (where the part. is more freq.) Ar.Ach. 634; ;ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν Th.2.17
: in these cases the Art. freq. precedesμή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε Hdt.5.101
; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535; εἴργειν τὸ μή .. Th.3.1, etc.; also (lyr.): with Art. in gen., ἔχειν τοῦ μή .. X.An.3.5.71; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή .. Id.Cyr.2.4.23.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like ; so after ὄμνυμι, Il.9.133, Od.5.179, Hdt.1.165, 2.179, Ar.V. 1047, etc.;μαρτυρῶ Lys.7.11
, D.45.15, etc.; , Smp. 202b, cf. Phd. 93d, etc.;ἐγγυῶμαι Pi.O.11(10).18
, Pl.Prt. 336d; , etc.;πιστεύω And.1.2
, X.An.1.9.8, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs,φημί Id.Mem.1.2.39
, Pl.Tht. 155a; λέγω, προλέγω, Th. 5.49, 1.139; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή .. X. Cyr.7.1.18; νομίζω ib.7.5.59, Th.6.102; : very freq. in later Gr., Ev.Matt.2.12, Luc. Peregr.44, etc.6 with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε, Hdt.4.64; μὴ θέλων, = εἰ μὴ θέλεις, A.Pr. 504; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, = εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε, Id.Ag. 273; μὴ δρῶν, = εἰ μὴ δρῴην, S.OT77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα, = ut qui nihil sciam, Id.OC 1155, cf. Ant. 1063, 1064; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; one who sees not, Id.OC73: in this signf. freq. with the Art.,ὁ μὴ λεύσσων Id.Tr. 828
(lyr.);ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας Pl.Lg. 762e
;τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ Antipho 5.65
;τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα Lycurg.27
, cf. 45, etc.: with causal significance,μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται S.OT 289
, etc.;ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος Antipho 2.2.4
; ;μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος D.3.8
: very freq. in later Greek, POxy.38.16 (i A.D.), Luc.DMeretr.12.4, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, S.Ph.79, OC 656, 797, 1122, E.Tr. 970, Th.1.76, 2.17.7 with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art.,τὰ μὴ δίκαια A.Eu. 432
;δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια Id.Ch.78
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ 'νδικον S.OT 682
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ καλόν Id.Ant. 370
(lyr.); ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, = τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν, want of experience, Ar.Ec. 115;ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή Pl.Lg. 966c
; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον ib. 759b;ὁ μὴ ἰατρός Id.Grg. 459b
;νίκης μὴ κακῆς A.Eu. 903
, cf. Th. 411;τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς Id.Pr. 1012
, cf. Ag. 349, 927.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf. μὴ οὐ):a when the thing feared is [tense] fut., mostly with subj.: with [tense] pres. subj., δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., S.OT 747, cf.Ant. 1113;ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς Pl.Prt. 314a
: more freq. with [tense] aor.,δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ Il. 1.555
, cf. 9.244, 13.745: with [tense] pf., shall prove to have been, , cf. Ph. 494, Hdt.3.119,4.140, etc.: less freq. with [tense] fut. ind., X.Cyr.2.3.6, Ar.Ec. 488, Pl.Phlb. 13a: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: [tense] pres. opt., S. Tr. 482, X.An.1.10.9: [tense] aor., Od.11.634, etc.: [tense] pf., X.Cyr.1.3.10: with [tense] fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, Id.HG6.4.27, Mem.1.2.7, Pl.Euthphr. 15d: with opt. and ἄν, S.Tr. 631, X.vect.4.41.b when the action is [tense] pres. or past, the ind. is used, , cf. E. Ion 1523, Ar.Nu. 493, Pl.La. 196c;ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν Id.Tht. 145b
, cf. E.Hel. 119; , cf. E.Or. 209, Pl.Ly. 218d;δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od. 5.300
.c with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, E.Ph.93.C in QUESTIONS:I direct questions,1 with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in A.Ag. 683 (lyr.), S.OC 1502, Tr. 316, Pl.Grg. 488b), in Hom. only ἦ μή .. ; Od.6.200, 9.405; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν .. ; A.Pers. 344, cf. Pr. 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. ἆρα μή; Id.Th. 208, S.El. 446, Pl.R. 405a: for questions in which μή ([etym.] μηδέ ) follows οὐ, v. οὐ μή.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσω; what am I not to do? S.El. 1276 (lyr.); τί μή; why not? Id.Aj. 668 (s.v.l.); cf. μήν2 with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν; Pl.R. 335c, cf. 337b, 417b; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην; D.21.35; πῶς μὴ φῶμεν; Pl.Tht. 161e: with opt. and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? Id.Lg. 887c, cf. Grg. 510d, X. Mem.3.1.10.II indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying fear and apprehension (cf. B. 8),ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται Il.10.98
, cf. 101, Od.21.395;περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει S.El. 898
, cf. Th.2.13, etc.; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή .. Isoc.5.8, cf. 15.6; later in simple indirect questions,ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω Ant.Lib.23.5
.2 in questions introduced byεἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι Aeschin.2.36
( εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή .., A.Eu. 468, 612, And.1.7, Pl.Ap. 18a, R. 457d, X.Cyr.2.1.7; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, Is.8.9; so also,τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14
.D POSITION of μή. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, μή prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sts. put μή after the Verb,ὄλοιο μή πω S.Ph. 961
; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα ib. 332, cf. OC 1522.E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, S.OT13, 221, Tr. 321, etc.: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis,μὴ 'πὁθουν Id.Aj. 962
;μὴ 'μβαίνῃς Id.OC 400
; : in Prose,μὴ 'κ IG12.115.11
: μή folld. by α is sts. written μἀ .. (v. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sts. separately,μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu.85
, etc.F μή in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order. -
82 οἰκέω
οἰκέω, [dialect] Ep. [full] οἰκείω Hes.Th. 330, [dialect] Locr. [full] ϝοικέω IG9(1).334.29 ; [dialect] Aeol. [tense] pres. part.Aοἴκεις Alc.69
; Arg. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. opt. : [tense] impf.ᾤκεον Il.20.218
, al., [dialect] Att. ᾤκουν, [dialect] Ion.οἴκεον Hdt.1.57
: [tense] fut. (lyr.): [tense] aor.ᾤκησα Hdt.1.1
: [tense] pf. :— [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., [tense] fut. οἰκήσομαι in med. sense, Men.Rh.p.363 S. ; but in pass., v. A. 11: [tense] aor.ᾠκήθην Il.2.668
, etc. ;ᾠκησάμην Aristid.1.103
J.: [tense] pf. ᾤκημαι as [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. οἰκέαται, v. A.1.2, 3: ([etym.] οἶκος):A trans., inhabit,ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης Il.20.218
(elsewh. in Hom. always intr., v. infr. B) ;οἰ. τοῦτον τὸν χῶρον Hdt.1.1
, cf. 175, etc. ;οἰ. δόμους A.Supp. 961
; : metaph., οἰ. αἰῶνα καὶ μοῖραν have, enjoy, E.l.c.:—[voice] Pass., to be inhabited,οἰκέοιτο πόλις Πριάμοιο Il.4.18
;ἐς γῆν.. οἰκουμένην S.Ph. 221
; διὰ τῆς οἰκεομένης through the inhabited country, Hdt.2.32 ;ὁδοιπόρεον ἐς τὴν οἰκεομένην Id.4.110
; τὰς ἄλλας πόλιας οἰκεομένας μηδὲν ἧσσον although inhabited no less than before, Id.1.170 : for ἡ οἰκουμένη, v. sub voce.2 colonize, settle in,τὰς πλείστας τῶν νήσων Th.1.8
, cf. 2.27, etc. ; πόλιν prob. in E.Fr.360.11 ; νῆσον οἰκῆσαι, i.e. to be deported, POxy.1101.24 (iv A. D.) : in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., to be settled in, occupy,τοῖσι τὰς νήσους οἰκημένοισι Ἴωσι Hdt.1.27
; αἱ δύο [ πόλιες] νήσους οἰκέαται ib. 142 (cf. infr. 3).3 in [voice] Pass., to be settled, of men or tribes to whom new abodes are assigned,τριχθὰ ᾤκηθεν καταφυλαδόν Il.2.668
: [dialect] Ion. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. οἴκημαι, as [tense] pres., οἱ ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ οἰκημένοι Ἕλληνες those who have been settled, i.e. those who dwell.., Hdt.1.27 ; οἱ ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ οἰ. ib.28, cf. 8.115 ; also of cities, to be situated, lie,παρ' ὃν [ποταμὸν] Νίνος πόλις οἴκητο Id.1.193
.II manage, direct a household or a state, S.OC 1535 (dub. sens.), E.El. 386, Th.3.37 ; : metaph., μὴ τὸν ἐμὸν οἴκει νοῦν don't manage.., E.Fr. 144 :— [voice] Pass., εὖ οἰκούμεναι πόλεις well governed, Id.Hipp. 486 ; μετρίως, ὀρθῶς, ἄριστα οἰ., Pl.Lg. 936b, R. 371c, 520d, etc. ;πατρίδος τετυχηκὼς ἣ νόμοις.. μάλιστα οἰκεῖσθαι δοκεῖ D.21.150
: [tense] fut. οἰκήσεται in pass. sense, , cf. Pl.La. 185a, Aeschin.1.22, D.58.62, Arist.Pol. 1284b38.B intr., dwell, live, of persons, families, or tribes, have their abodes, settlements, in Hom. and Hdt. generally withἐν.., ᾤκεον δ' ἐν Πλευρῶνι Il.14.116
, cf. Od.9.200, 400 ;οἴκεε ἐν Πίνδῳ Hdt.1.56
, cf. A. Ag. 1234, Ar.Av. 967 (Orac.), Antipho5.78 ; esp. of metics,ἐγ Κολλυτῷ οἰκοῦντι IG12.373.60
, al. ;κατὰ στέγας E. Ion 314
;ὑπὸ χθονός Id.Fr. 450
: after Hom. with dat. (loc.) alone,Σαλαμῖνι IG12.1.2
(vi B. C.) ;οὐρανῷ Pi.N.10.58
; ;ἐλθόνθ' ἁγνὸν ἐς Θήβης πέδον οἰ. Eub.10
;παρὰ κρημνοῖσιν Pi.P.3.34
;παρὰ ὄχθον E.IT 1098
(lyr.) ; οἰ. μετά τινος, = συνοικεῖν τινι, S.OT 414, 990 ; κέρδη μὲν οἰκήσαντα.. having fixed my dwelling [ there] with gain to my hosts, Id.OC92 ; τὸ τὴν φροντίδ' ἔξω τῶν κακῶν οἰκεῖν γλυκύ sweet it is for the mind to keep free from cares, Id.OT 1390 ; ἐπὶ προστάτου οἰ. (v. προστάτης) Lys.31.9.II of cities, to be situated, Hdt.2.166, X.HG 7.1.3, 7.5 5; but τὴν πόλιν σποράδην καὶ κατὰ κώμας οἰκοῦσαν formed of detached villages, Isoc.10.35, cf. 4.39 (so in [voice] Pass., X.An.1.4.1).2 to be governed or administered, τίς τῶν πόλεων διὰ σὲ βέλτιον ᾤκησεν ; Pl.R. 599d, cf. 462d, 472e, 473a, 543a, al.: freq. hardly distinguishable from the [voice] Pass. (supr. A. II) ; σωφρόνως γε οἰκοῦσα [ πόλις] εὖ ἂν οἰκοῖτο a state administered by self-control would be well governed, Id.Chrm.162a ;ἀρετῆς, ᾗ πόλεις τε καὶ οἶκοι εὖ οἰκοῦσι X.Mem.1.2.64
; εἰς ὀλίγους, εἰς πλείους οἰκεῖν, to be governed in the interest of the few or the many, Th.2.37. -
83 οὔριος
A with a fair wind, οὔ. πλοῦς a prosperous voyage, ib. 780, E.IA 1596;οὔ. δρόμος S.Aj. 889
(lyr.); ; of a ship,οὔ. πλάτη S.Ph. 355
; ; νεὼς πτερόν ib. 147; : neut. pl. as Adv., οὔρια θεῖν to run before the wind, Id.Lys. 550; cf. infr. 11.2.2 metaph., prosperous, successful, (lyr.), cf. E.HF95; ;βίοτος AP7.164.10
(Antip. Sid.): neut. pl. οὔρια as Adv., E.Hel. 1588 (codd., but prob. οὔριοι).II prospering, favouring, πνεῦμα, πνοαί, ib. 1663, Hec. 900, X.HG1.6.37;ἐπὶ τοὺς Αθηναίους οὔριος ἄνεμος Th.7.53
: Com. of bellows,οὐρίᾳ ῥιπίδι Ar.Ach. 669
. Adv. [comp] Sup. , 178.2 οὐρία (sc. πνοή), ἡ, = οὖρος, a fair wind, Archil.(?) in PLit.Lond.54, etc.; οὐρίᾳ ἐφέντα (sc. ἑαυτόν or τὸ πλοῖον) running before the wind, Pl.Prt. 338a; ἐξ οὐρίας διαδραμεῖν, πλεῖν, Arist.Mech. 851b6, Plb.1.47.2; also,ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν S.Aj. 1083
;πάντα ἐξ οὐρίων θεῖ Lib.Ep. 178
;ἐν οὐρίῳ πλεῖν Luc. Lex.15
.III Ζεὺς οὔριος as sending fair winds, i. e. conducting things to a happy issue, A.Supp. 594 (lyr.), AP12.53.8 (Mel.), BMus.Inscr. 1012 ([place name] Chalcedon), OGI368 (Delos, ii B. C.), etc.;οὔριος.. ἐπίλαμψον ἐμῷ καὶ ἔρωτι καὶ ἱστῷ Κύπρι AP5.16
(Gaet.).IV οὔ. ᾠόν a wind-egg, = ὑπηνέμιον, Arist. GA 753a22, etc.; those laid in spring were called ζεφύρια, those in autumn κυνόσουρα, Id.HA 560a5 (v.l. οὔρινα).------------------------------------ -
84 πλόος
A , X.An.5.7.7; gen. (Egypt, ii B.C.); dat. ; acc. ; later, a gen. sg. πλοός, as if of third declens. (cf. χοῦς A), Peripl.M.Rubr.62, OGI572.21 (Myra, ii/iii A.D.), X. Eph.1.14; dat.πλοΐ D.S.21.2
: pl.πλόες Phot.
; acc.πλόας IGRom. 4.841
([place name] Hierapolis): ([etym.] πλέω):—sailing, voyage, Od.3.169, Hdt. (who always has the disyll. form) 2.29, etc.;ἔσσεται Ἀγεάνακτι καλὸς π. ἐς Μιτυλάναν Theoc.7.52
;ναῶν π. Pi.O.7.32
;πλόον ὁρμαίνειν Od.
l.c.; πλοῦν στεῖλαι, ποιεῖσθαι, S.Aj. 1045, Ph. 552; ἔξω πλόου out of one's course, Pi.P.11.39;ἐπ' ἡμέρας τέσσερας πλόος Hdt.2.29
; μῆκός ἐστι πλόος ἡμέραι τέσσερες its length is four days' sail, ib. 158; ἐκ τῶν πλόων when the voyage is done, Id.1.185: metaph.,διὰ τοῦ πλοῦ.. τῆς ζωῆς Pl.Lg. 803b
.2 time or tide for sailing, ὡραῖος π., εἰαρινὸς π., Hes.Op. 630, 678;καιρὸς καὶ π. S.Ph. 1450
(anap.); π. ἡμῖν ἐγίγνετο, i.e. the wind was fair, Antipho 5.24, cf. Th.1.137;π. ἐστί τινι E.Hec. 899
, IA92;παραπεσόντος π. τισί Plb.4.57.6
; πλῷ χρήσασθαι to have a fair wind, Th.3.3;πλόον δοκάζων Sophr.52
: pl., .3 prov., δεύτερος π. 'the next best way', of those who try another scheme if the first fails (from those who use oars when the wind fails, ὁ δ. π. ἐστι δήπου λεγόμενος, ἂν ἀποτύχῃ τις οὐρίου (cj.),κώπαισι πλεῖν Men.241
), Pl.Phd. 99d, Phlb. 19c, Plt. 300c; δεύτερος δὲ π..., πειρᾶσθαι.. the next best thing is to try.., Arist.Pol. 1284b19;κατὰ τὸν δ. πλοῦν Id.EN 1109a35
;δ. ἂν εἴη π. τὸ.. Plb.8.36.6
: prov.,οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐπὶ τράπεζάν ἐσθ' ὁ π. Nicol.Com.1.26
, cf. Κόρινθος; ἡμέτερος ὁ π. 'our innings', Com.Adesp.274.4 later, = ὁδός, βαιὸν π. αἰὲν ὀκέλλει, of the crawling of a serpent, Nic.Th. 295, cf. Sch. ad loc. -
85 ἄωρος
A untimely, unseasonable, χειμών, τύχαι, A.Pers. 496, Eu. 956 (lyr.); ; ;ξυνουσίη Aret.CD1.4
(butἄ. γάμος
too late,D.H.
4.7); ;μετὰ μάχην ἱκετεύειν ἄωρον ἐδόκει J.BJ5.11.1
;ἄ. θανεῖν E.Alc. 168
, cf. Hdt.2.79; οἱ ἄ. those who die untimely, Apollod.Com.4, cf. Philostr.VA6.4; esp. of those dying unmarried, PMag.Par.1.342, cf. 2725; in Epitaphs,ὤλετ' ἄ. IG12.977
: [comp] Sup. ἀωρώτατε (sic) Sammelb. 1420; ἕνεκα χρόνου πάντες ἐσμὲν ἄ. unripe (for death), Metrod.52;ἀώροις περιπέσοιτο συμφοραῖς Epigr.Gr.376
([place name] Aezani): [comp] Comp. γήρως ἀωρότερα πράττειν things unbecoming old age, Plu.Sull.2.2 unripe, of fruit, Dsc.1.126, LXX Wi.4.5; of fish, out of season, opp. ὥριμος, Nicom.Com.1.21: metaph.,ἄωρος πρὸς γάμον Plu.Lyc.15
; ἄ. ὥρα Id. Comp. Thes.Rom.6.3 without youthful freshness, ugly, Eup.69, X.Mem.1.3.14 ([comp] Sup.), Pl.R. 574c. Adv.- ρως J.AJ4.8.19
.------------------------------------A ; one of the Sch. expld. it as κρεμαστοί, ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰωρῶ, but more prob. = ἄκωλοι, as Sch.HQ, from [dialect] Ion.ὤρη B.
II ἄωροι πόδες fore-feet,οὐ τοὺς ἀώρους εἶπά σοι.. πόδας πρίασθαι; σὺ δὲ φέρεις ὀπισθίους Philem.145
.------------------------------------ -
86 ἐκ
ἐκ, before a vowel [full] ἐξ, alsoAἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ Inscr.Cypr. 135.5
H., in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἐς Leg.Gort.2.49, Corinn.Supp.2.67 ; ἐχ freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, IG12.304.20) ; also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib.9(1).334.8 ([dialect] Locr.) ; (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)):—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr.135.5 H. ([place name] Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)):—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.I OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified:1 of Motion, out of, forth from, , cf.Pl.Prt. 321c, etc. ;μάχης ἔκ Il.17.207
;ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288
; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77 ;φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119
;ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν X.Cyr.6.2.9
;ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il.9.344
, cf. S.Ph. 1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X.An.3.3.15, Cyr.4.3.16 ; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.) ; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib.5.3.3 ;ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com.190
.2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.9.343 ;ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X.Oec.10.4
;μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A.Ag.48
(anap.) ;δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.Th. 919
(anap.) ;οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S.El. 344
; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id.OC 486 ; ; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id.El. 742 ;ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id.Tr. 875
;ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id.Ph.91
.3 to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il.19.290 ;ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S.Tr.28
; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph. 224b, Plt. 289e ;λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D.18.313
;πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr.1.8
;ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.El. 291
;ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id.Ant. 437
: hence, instead of,τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id.OT 454
;λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id.Ant. 1093
; , cf. X. An.7.7.28, etc.4 to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il.15.680 ;μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι Hdt.5.87
; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl.Grg. 525e ; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432 ;ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96
, cf. S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc. ; redundant,εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου LXX Jd.15.2
.5 of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il.14.130, etc. ; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.19.7 ; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from one's country, 15.272 ; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down apart from the company, Hdt.3.83 ; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id.5.24 ; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S.OC 113.6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il.5.4 ; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body in the river ( with water from the river), Od.6.224 : freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il.8.19 ; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od.8.67 ; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51 ;μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il.18.598
; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S.Aj. 1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [ by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.5.12 : with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th.1.84 ; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr.7.2 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib.6.2 ;ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc.Asin.23
: with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13 ; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap. 32b ; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D.18.169 ;ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Cyr.7.2.5
;οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id.An. 4.6.25
: even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154 ; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S.Ant. 411 ;στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E.Ph. 1009
; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc.22.40 : phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X.Cyr.8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib.7.1.20 ; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D.18.301.7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory over.., Apoc.15.2.II OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [ χρόνου] since, Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il.8.296 ;ἐκ τούτου X.An.5.8.15
, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il.1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X.Mem.2.9.4, S.OT 235) ;ἐξ ἐκείνου Th.2.15
; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id.1.68, etc.;ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id.8.45
; ἐκ πλείστου ib.68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu.Caes.28) ;ἐκ παλαιοῦ X.Mem.3.5.8
;ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th.1.18
.2 of particular points of time,ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86
;ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535
; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl.Grg. 510d, R. 374c, etc.;ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D.53.19
; , etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il.5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365 ;ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα Hdt.1.87
; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X.An.4.6.21 ; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120 ;γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων X.Cyr.1.4.28
; ;τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι Thphr.Char.3.3
; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic.20.3 at, in,ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.12.286
;ἐκ νυκτός X.Cyr.1.4.2
, etc.; ;ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc.10.5
; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X.Smp.4.56, Pl.Lg. 709e.III OF ORIGIN,1 of Material, out of or of which things are made,γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm.8.12
;ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.1.194
;πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A.Supp. 953
;εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl.R. 616c
;ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc.15.123
;στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X.Smp.8.32
; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id.An.1.8.14.2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896 ;σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111
;ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S.Ph. 260
;πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος Hdt.2.143
;ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl.Phdr. 246a
;τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S.Ant. 466
, etc.3 of Place of Origin or Birth,ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od.15.425
, cf. Th.1.25, etc.;ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί Ev.Jo.8.23
; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist.Ath.4.4, etc. ;οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin.1.54
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc.Pisc.43 ; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath.1.34b ;οἱ ἐκ πίστεως Ep.Gal.3.7
;οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας Ep.Rom.2.8
.4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, A.Pers. 707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.16.447 ; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.2.148 ; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot.6.1.21 ;ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A.Eu. 331
(lyr.) ;ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S.Ant.95
;ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id.Tr. 631
.5 with the agent after [voice] Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e.by) Zeus, Il.2.669 ; κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70;προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος Hdt.3.62
;τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id.7.175
, cf. S.El. 124 (lyr.), Ant.93, Th.3.69, Pl.Ti. 47b;ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id.Tht. 171b
;ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X.An.2.6.1
; , cf. Pl.Ly. 204c : with neut. Verbs,ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od.2.134
, cf. A.Pr. 759 ;τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il.5.384
;θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S.El. 579
, OT 854, etc.;τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt.1.1
.6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197 ;μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135
;ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111
;τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος Hdt.3.29
; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr. 548 ; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id.Hel.93 ;λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. An.5.8.4
; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc.16.9 ;ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. HG3.2.11
codd.;ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc.15.152
; (lyr.).7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶνλογίων Hdt.1.64
;ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D.24.28
;ἐκ κελεύματος A. Pers. 397
, cf. Sophr.25 ;ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th.5.25
; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib.40, etc.;ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι X.Cyr.2.2.21
, cf. A.Pr. 485.8 freq. as periphr. for Adv.,ἐκ προνοίας IG12.115.11
; ἐκ βίας by force, S.Ph. 563 ; ;ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl.R. 499a
: esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il.24.352 ;ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος Hdt.3.150
; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th.4.106, 6.73 ;ἐκ προδήλου S.El. 1429
; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id.Tr. 485, Th.2.3 ;ἐξ ἀέλπτου Hdt.1.111
, etc.: with fem. Adj.,ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id.3.127
;ἐκ νέης Id.5.116
;ἐξ ὑστέρης Id.6.85
;ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id.8.6
;ἐκ καινῆς Th.3.92
;ἐξ ἑκουσίας S.Tr. 727
; ἐκ ταχείας ib. 395.9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E.Or. 1178, Pl.Grg. 500a, Smp. 213b ; distributively, apiece, Ath.15.671b.b of Price,ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν SIG2587.206
; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib.283 ;συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου Ev.Matt.20.2
.c of Weight,ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου Inscr.Prien.362
(iv B.C.).d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων by the space of twenty stades, Str.8.3.19.B ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—[dialect] Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304 ; ;ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc.22.11
.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.2 to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.D As ADVERB, therefrom, Il.18.480. -
87 ἔνεροι
ἔνεροι, οἱ,A those below, those beneath the earth, of the dead and the gods below,ἐνέροισιν ἀνάσσων Il.15.188
, Hes.Th. 850;ἄναξ ἐνέρων Il.20.61
, etc.;βασιλεῦ ἐνέρων A.Pers. 629
(anap.); ἐνέρων ἀρωγός, i.e. of the murdered Agamemnon, S.El. 1391 (lyr.); , cf. Tab.Defix.99.9. (Perh. fr. ἔρα.) -
88 ἡλικία
A time of life, age, ;γηραιὸν μέρος ἁλικίας Pi.P.4.157
;παρὰ τὸν ἁλικίας ἐοικότα χρόνον Id.O.4.29
; τήνδ' ἡ. ἀστῶν, i.e. their old age, A.Pers. 914: acc. used adverbially, in age,νέος ἡλικίην Hdt.3.134
; , cf. X.Cyn.2.3: so in dat.,ἡλικίᾳ ἔτι τότε ὢν νέος Th.5.43
; προεληλυθότες ταῖς ἡ. X.HG6.1.4; also ὑπὸ τῆς ἡ. from our age, Pl.La. 180d;αἱ δι' ἡλικίαν ἄτοκοι Id.Tht. 149c
; οἱ ἐν τῇ αὐτῆ ἡ. Th.1.80; τὸ ἀχρεῖον τῆς ἡ. Id.2.44; ὅταν.. τοῦ γεννᾶν ἐκβῶσι τὴν ἡ. Pl.R. 461b; πόρρω τῆς ἡ. to an advanced age, Id.Grg. 484c; προήκων ἐς βαθὺ τῆς ἡ. Ar. Nu. 514; προϊούσης τῆς ἡ, Pl.Phdr. 279a; ὁ παρ' ἡλικίαν νοῦς beyond one's age, Men.Mon. 690: in pl., ἐν ἁπάσαις ταῖς ἡ. Pl.R. 412e, cf. Lg. 625b, al.2 prime of life, manhood,ἐν ἁλικίᾳ πρώτᾳ Pi.N.9.42
;αὐτὴ ἡ ἡ. τῶν νέων κατέκρινε Antipho 4.4.2
; ἡλικίαν ἔχειν, εἰς ἡ. ἐλθεῖν, ἀφικέσθαι, Pl.Euthd. 306d, Tht. 142d, Men. 89b; ἡλικίην ἔχειν c. inf., to be of fit age for doing, Hdt.1.209, cf. Pl.Tht. 146b;ἡλικίας μετέχειν Th.7.60
; οἱ ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ men of military age, Id.8.75;ἐν ἡλικίᾳ στρατεύεσθαι D.4.7
; ;οἱ τῆς ἡ. ἐντὸς γεγονότες Lys.2.50
; ἡ καθεστηκυῖα ἡ. maturity, Th.2.36, cf. IG12(7).239.21 ([place name] Amorgos); of women, womanhood, marriageable age, Hp.Prorrh.2.30, D.59.22;αἱ ἐν ἡ. γυναῖκες Pl.R. 461b
; : in pl.,οἱ ταῖς ἡ. οὐ καλῶς κεχρημένοι Aeschin.1.194
.II as collective Noun,= οἱ ἥλικες, those of the same age, comrades,ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο ἔγχεϊ Il.16.808
, cf. Pi.P.1.74; esp. those of military age,τῆς ἡ. ἀπούσης ἐν ταῖς ναυσί Lys.2.49
, cf. Th.3.67, 8.1, etc.; also, men of any age, παίδων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ πάσης ἡ. Pl.Lg. 959e.III time, ταῦτα ἡλικίην ἂν εἴη κατὰ Λάϊον about the time of Laius, Hdt.5.59, cf. 60, 71;ἡ. τετρακοσίοισι ἔτεσι.. πρεσβυτέρους Id.2.53
.IV age, generation, ἐπὶ τῆς νῦν ἡ. Isoc.4.167; πρὸ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἡ. Din. 1.38; εἰς τὴν νῦν ζῶσαν ἡ. D.60.11; πολλαῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἡ. Plu.Per. 27, cf. D.L.5.37.V of the body, stature, as a sign of age, Hdt. 3.16, Pl.Euthd. 271b, D.40.56;τῇ ἡ. μικρός Ev.Luc.19.3
(but προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡ. πῆχυν ἕνα add a cubit to one's age (cf. πήχυιος), Ev.Matt.6.27); ἄνδρας ἡμισταδιαίους τὰς ἡ. Luc.VH1.40; height of a pillar, Id.Syr.D.28. -
89 ὄπισθεν
ὄπισθεν, in [dialect] Ion. (Hdt.4.72, al., SIG46.65 (Halic., v B. C.), etc.) and late [dialect] Att. (Luc.Am. 16, etc.) [full] ὄπισθε before a conson., as also in Poets, E.Cyc. 545, IT 1333: poet. also [full] ὄπῐθεν Il.6.181, al., Pi.O.10(11).35, A.Pers. 1001 (lyr.):—Adv.:I of Place, behind, at the back, opp. πρόσθε, Il.5.595 ; ;ὄπισθεν καταλιπεῖν Od.10.209
;μένειν Il.9.332
, etc. ;πέμψει οὖρον ὄ. Od.15.34
; ὄπιθεν κομόωντες with long back-hair, Il.2.542 ;ὄπιθεν κομόωσαι ἔθειραι IG12(9).1179.9
([place name] Euboea) ; ὄ. ἕπεσθαι, ἀκολουθεῖν, A. l. c., etc. ; οἱ ὄπιθεν those who are left behind, e.g. at home, Od.11.66 ; but also, those who are in the rear, X.Cyr.2.2.8 ; εἰ τοὺς ὄ. ἐς τὸ πρόσθεν ἄξομεν shall bring the rear ranks to the front (metaph.), S.Aj. 1249 ; αἱ ὄ. ἁψῖδες the hinder fellies, Hdt.4.72 ; τὰ ὄ. the hinder parts, rear, back, Il.11.613 ;οἱ ὄ. ἁρμοί IG12.372.117
; back, backwards,E.
Ph. 1410, Pl.Sph. 261b, etc. ; εἰς τ. τοξεύειν, i. e. 'versis sagittis', like the Parthians, X.An.3.3.10 : opp.ἐκ τοὔπισθεν Ar.Ec. 482
, cf. Th.7.79, X.An.4.1.6 ;ἐν τῷ ὄ. Pl.R. 614c
, X.Cyn.9.8, etc. ; ὄ. ποιήσασθαι τὸν ποταμόν place the river in his rear, Id.An.1.10.9.2 Prep. c. gen., behind,στῆ δ' ὄπιθεν δίφροιο Il.17.468
;ὄπισθε μάχης 13.536
;ὄπισθε τῆς θύρης Hdt.1.9
;ἔμπροσθέ τε Θερμοπυλέων καὶ ὄ. Id.7.176
;ὄ. ἐμοῦ.. εἰσῄει Pl.Smp. 175a
, etc.: sts. after its case,δίφρου ὄπισθεν Il.24.15
; ἴμεν φάμας ὄπισθεν follow the voice, Pi.O. 6.63 ;γνώμης πατρῴας πάντ' ὄ. ἑστάναι S.Ant. 640
; alsoτούτοισι δ' ὄ. ἴτω Cratin.30
;πνοιαῖς ὄπιθεν Βορέα Pi.O.3.31
(s. v.l.).II of Time, after, in future, hereafter, Il.4.362, Od.2.270, 18.168, etc. ; either of a thing absolutely future, or of one which follows something else, opp. αὐτίκα, Il.9.519 ;ὄπιθεν οὐ πολλόν Pi.O.10(11).35
;πολλοῖς μησὶν ὄ. Theoc.Ep.22.8
; cf.ὀπίσω 11.1
.2 ἐν τοῖσι ὄ. λόγοισι in the books yet to come, in the following books, Hdt.5.22, 7.213 ; cf.ὀπίσω 11.2
: but, in Gramm., of what has gone before, Sch. Od.3.366, Hsch. s.v. Ἴωνες, Sch.Ar.Ra. 1488 ; ὁ ὄπιθεν χρόνος the earlier time, PMasp.158.22 (vi A. D.) :—for [comp] Comp. ὀπίστερος, [comp] Sup. ὀπίστατος, v. sub vocc. (Prob. from Οπις 'back', contained in ἀνόπιν, κατόπιν, μετόπιν, ὀπίσω.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὄπισθεν
-
90 ὑπόθεσις
A proposal, proposed action,τὴν ἐν φίλοις δικαιοτάτην ὑ. ἔχω ὑποτιθέναι X.Cyr.5.5.13
;ἵνα σὺ τὰ σαυτοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὑ. ὅπως ἂν βούλῃ περαίνῃς Pl.Grg. 454c
; intention, policy,πολλὰ πρᾶξαι πρὸς τὴν ὑ. τῆς πατρίδος ὡς συχνῆς ἀδικίας δεομένην Thphr.Fr. 136
;διὰ τὴν ὑ. τῆς πολιτείας.. ἠναγκάζετο χρῆσθαι τοῖς ὑπουργοῦσι Plu.Caes.51
; πρὸς ὑ. τινα ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν men good for a particular policy, Arist.Pol. 1293b4; ὑ. τῆς δημοκρατικῆς πολιτείας ἐλευθερία ib. 1317a40; ἡμῖν ἡ τῶν νόμων ὑ. ἐνταῦθα ἔβλεπεν, ὅπως .. Pl.Lg. 743c;περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν οὐχ ὁμοίως ἅπασι βουλευτέον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἕκαστοι τοῦ βίου ποιήσωνται τὴν ὑ. Isoc.6.90
;τοῖς φαύλοις ἐνδέχεται τὰ τυχόντα πράττειν· εὐθὺς γὰρ τοῦ βίου τοιαύτην πεποίηνται τὴν ὑ. Id.1.48
;ἀνάγκη τοῖς περὶ ὅλων τῶν πραγμάτων καλὰς τὰς ὑ. πεποιημένοις καὶ τὰ μέρη τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἔχειν ἐκείνοις Id.7.28
;πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑ. ἀποβλέποντες ἄμεινον βουλευσόμεθα καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων Id.8.18
;ἐξέστητε τῆς ὑ. ἐφ' ἧς ὑμᾶς οἱ πρόγονοι κατέλιπον D.10.46
; οἱ τῆς αὐτῆς ὑ. προεστῶτες those who advocated the same policy, Plb.30.32.12;ἅπαντας ἀπονεύσειν ἐπ' ἐκείνην τὴν ὑ. Id.24.9.7
; Ἀχαϊκωτέραν εἶναι.. ταύτην τὴν ὑ. καὶ νικητικωτέραν ἐν τοῖς πολλοῖς ib.4;τὸ τῆς ἰδίας ὑ. λαμπρόν Id.21.23.1
;τὸ τῶν σαρισῶν μέγεθός ἐστι κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑ. ἑκκαίδεκα πηχῶν, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἁρμογὴν τὴν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν δεκατεττάρων Id.18.29.2
;τηροῦντες τὴν αὑτῶν ὑ. Id.5.5.5
;πρὸς ταύτην ἁρμοζόμενοι τὴν ὑ. Id.3.16.1
, cf. 3.50.7; κατασκέψασθαι τὴν τῶν ὑπεναντίων ἐπίνοιαν καὶ τὴν ὅλην ὑ. ib.6;Φάβιος.. κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑ. οὐδαμῶς κρίνων ἐκκυβεύειν οὐδὲ παραβάλλεσθαι τοῖς ὅλοις Id.3.94.4
.2 suggestion, advice,ἐδώκαμεν ἄν σοι ὑποθέσεις δι' ὧν οἱ ἀντίδικοι ἂν οἴμωζον PMich.Zen.57.7
(iii B. C.);διελέγοντο.. κατὰ τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς Ἀράτου καὶ τὰς ὑ. Plb. 2.48.8
, cf. 2.52.6, 4.24.2;κροτηθείσης τῆς ὑ. Id.28.16.5
; πολυτέχνους ὑ. ἔργων elaborate proposals for works, Plu.Per.12.3 purpose, ;λόγῳ μὲν ἀποδώσων.., ἑτέραν δὲ τῆς ἀποδημίας ἔχων ὑ. λανθάνουσαν τοὺς πολλούς Id.Mar.31
;ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς αἰτίας τῆς τε ὑ. τοῦ πολέμου ἀξιολογώτατος ἀγὼν συνηνέχθη D.C.41.56
;ὑ. τοῦ πολέμου καὶ πρόφασιν διδόντων ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας Plu.Flam.15
;τὸ χωρὶς ὑποθέσεως πολεμεῖν.. τί ἄλλο ἢ μανία; D.Chr.38.17
; [οἱ ἐλέφαντες] ἴσασι τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὴν ὑ... εἶναι.. τοὺς ὀδόντας Ael.NA6.56
.4 occasion, excuse, pretext,οὕτω γὰρ ἂν αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀπολογία προαναιροῖτο καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὑ. τῆς ἐθελοδουλείας Luc.Merc.Cond.5
; τοιαύτης αὐτοῖς τῆς ὑ. οὔσης ib.10;ἀεὶ χρὴ ἐπί τινι λυπεῖσθαι καὶ μὴ ἄνευ ὑ. Artem.
2.60;ὑ. ἀργυρισμοῦ καὶ φόνων εἰληφέναι ἐδόκει D.C.63.26
;μή με νομίσῃς ἀπὸ τῆς παρούσης ὑ. ἀπαρτᾶν τὸν λόγον Id.52.18
.5 actor's role,τοὺς ὑποκριτὰς.. οὓς ὁρῶμεν οὔτε κλαίοντας ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις, ὡς αὐτοὶ θέλουσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁ ἀγὼν ἀπαιτεῖ πρὸς τὴν ὑ. Plu.Dem.22
;ὶδεῖν τί μου ποιεῖ ὁ ἀθλητής, πῶς μελετᾷ τὴν ὑ. Arr.Epict.1.29.38
, cf. 41;τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῆς μητρὸς ὑ. λαβεῖν Iamb.VP8.39
.6 function, occupation, station in life, [Διονύσιος] ἐκ σημοτικῆς καὶ ταπεινῆς ὑ. ὁρμηθείς Plb.15.35.2
; [Ἀγαθοκλῆς] ὁρμηθεὶς ἀπὸ τοιαύτης ὑ. Id.12.15.7
;τὸ μὴ εἶναι ἄλλην βίου ὑ. εἰς τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν οὕτως ἐπιτήδειον ὡς ταύτην ἐν ᾗ νῦν ὢν τυγχάνεις M.Ant.11.7
, cf. 8.1, Paul. Aeg.3.17.7 practical problem,κοινὴ ἡ ὑ. καὶ τῷ καθ' ἡμᾶς βίῳ πάνυ πολλή, βαλανείου κατασκευή Luc.Hipp.4
;ἡ μὲν οὖν ὑ. τοιαύτη HeroAut.21.2
.II subject proposed ( to oneself or another) for discussion,κελεῦσαι τὴν πρώτην ὑ. τοῦ πρώτου λόγου ἀναγνῶναι Pl. Prm. 127d
;ἐπὶ τὴν ὑ. ἐπανάγειν τὸν λόγον X.Mem.4.6.13
;ἐπὶ τὴν ὑ. πάλιν ἐπανελθεῖν Isoc.4.63
, cf. Gal.6.124;τὴν ὑ. περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθε οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες D.3.1
;τοὺς δικαστὰς ἀπαγαγὼν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑ. Id.19.242
;ἐπὶ τῆς ὑ. μεῖναι Aeschin.3.76
;ἔξω τῆς ὑ. λέγειν Isoc.7.63
, cf. 12.161;μὴ πόρρω λίαν τῆς ὑ. ἀποπλανηθῶ Id.7.77
, cf. 12.88, Aeschin. 3.176,190;ὅτ' ἔγραφον περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ὑ. Isoc.5.83
;περὶ [τῆς πόλεως] τὴν ὑ. ποιησάμενος Id.12.35
;τοῦ πράγματος ἐν κεφαλαίῳ.. δήλωσις, ἵνα γινώσκωσι περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος παρακολουθῶσί τε τῇ ὑ. Arist.Rh.Al. 1436a36
, cf. Pl.Def. 415b;ἡ ὑ. ἐλάττων Arist.Rh. 1404b15
; πρὸς ὑπόθεσιν λέγειν, opp. πρὸς ἀμφισβητοῦντα, ib. 1391b13;πολλὰ πρὸς τὴν ὑ. οἰκείως διαλεχθείς D.S.13.53
; haec erat ὑ., de gravitate ordinis, etc., Cic.Att.1.14.4.2 case at law, lawsuit,γράφει ὁ Μαιίστας εἰς τὴν ὑ. ταύτην IG11(4).1299.29
(Delos, iii B. C.), cf. OGI665.18,669.41 (both Egypt, i A. D.), POxy. 237 vii 34, viii 22 (ii A. D.), 486.26 (ii A. D.);τὰ περὶ ταύτης τῆς ὑ. πεπραγμένα PLips.34.18
(iv A. D.).3 subject of a poem or treatise, Zeno Stoic.1.23, Plb.1.2.1, D.H.Pomp.3, Longin. 38.2, Plu.Pomp.42, Luc.Charid.14, Pseudol.5, al.; of a picture, Id.Zeux.5,7; of an impromptu declamation,ἐπειδὰν οἱ παρόντες ὑποβάλωσί τινας ὑ. καὶ ἀφορμὰς λόγου Id.Rh.Pr.18
; plot, story,μῦθοι καὶ ὑποθέσεις Phld.Po.2.62
, cf. 5.5, al., Arg.Men.Oxy.1235.113 (ii A. D.), Dicaearch. ap. S.E.M.3.3, Artem.4.59, Sch.S.Aj.Prooem., Arg.Ar. Ach. tit., etc.4 speech,αἱ δικανικαὶ καὶ δημηγορικαὶ ὑ. Theon Prog.1
; = ἐπίδειξις 1.3, ἀρξαμένων (v.l. -ῳ)τῆς ὑ. LXX 4 Ma.1.12
; ἀνδρὸς ἀρετὰς ὅλην πληρούσας ὑ. providing matter for a whole speech, Chor.p.34B.b speech or subject of a speech in which the person, occasion, etc. are particularized, opp. θέσις v. 2, Aphth.Prog. 13, cf. Quint.Inst.3.5.7.5 a kind of play or pantomime,μῖμοί τινές εἰσιν ὧν τοὺς μὲν ὑποθέσεις τοὺς δὲ παίγνια καλοῦσιν Plu.2.712e
; μιμολωγοι η υποθησις εικυρα (i. e. μιμολόγοι· ἡ ὑπόθεσις Ἑκυρά), i. e. 'theatrical performance: play, the Hecyra', Ath.Mitt.26.4 (inscr. on lamp, iii B. C.); κλάειν ἤρξαντο πάντες καὶ μετέβαλε τὸ συμπόσιον εἰς σκυθρωπὴν ὑ. into a tragedy, Charito 4.3; so perh. in Luc.Nigr.8; of Aesop's fables,χρῆται [τῇ ἀλώπεκι] ὁ Αἴσωπος διακόνῳ τῶν πλείστων ὑ. Philostr.Im.1.3
.III supposition,ἢ βούλεσθε.. ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἄρξωμαι καὶ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ὑ., περὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς αὐτοῦ ὑποθέμενος, εἴτε ἕν ἐστιν εἴτε μὴ ἕν, τί χρὴ συμβαίνειν; Pl.Prm. 137b
; αὕτη ἡ ὑ., εἰ ἓν μὴ ἔστιν ib. 160b; χρὴ.. μὴ μόνον εἰ ἔστιν ἕκαστον ὑποτιθέμενον σκοπεῖν τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἐκ τῆς ὑ., ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰ μὴ ἔστι τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὑποτίθεσθαι ib. 135e, cf. 136a; [σκοπεῖν] τί ἐφ' ἑκατέρας τῆς ὑ. συμβήσεται ib. 136b;εἰ ὀρθὴ ἡ ὑ. ἦν, τὸ ψυχὴν ἁρμονίαν εἶναι Id.Phd. 94b
, cf. 92d, Sph. 244c;πρὸς μὲν τὴν ὑ. ὀρθῶς λέγουσιν, ὅλως δ' οὐκ ὀρθῶς Arist. Metaph. 1082b32
; ἐξ ὑποθέσεως σκοπεῖσθαι examine by starting from an assumption, of reasoning by analysis in geometry, Pl.Men. 86e; τῶν τὴν τέχνην ζητεύντων ἐξ ὑποθέσιος λόγων arguments seeking to derive the (medical) art from an assumption, Hp.VM13; ὑ. αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς ὑποθέμενοι τῷ λόγῳ ib.1; ἄγοντες ἐπὶ ὑπόθεσιν τὴν τέχνην ib. 15;χρῆσιν ἀρετῆς τελείαν, καὶ ταύτην οὐκ ἐξ ὑ. ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς· λέγω δ' ἐξ ὑ. τἀναγκαῖα, οἷον.. τιμωρίαι καὶ κολάσεις.. τὸ καλῶς ἀναγκαίως ἔχουσι Arist.Pol. 1332810
; ἡ πολιτεία ἡ ἐξ ὑ. ( = ἡ δοθεῖσα ) the constitution based on a presupposition, ib. 1288b28; of currency, ἓν δή τι δεῖ εἶναι, τοῦτο δ' ἐξ ὑ.· διὸ νόμισμα καλεῖται according to a presupposed convention, Id.EN 1133b21 (cf. a29-31, APr. 41a40); of reductio ad impossibile,ἢ δεικτικῶς ἢ ἐξ ὑ. τοῦ δ' ἐξ ὑ. μέρος τὸ διὰ τοῦ ἀδυνάτου Id.APr. 40b25
-6, cf. 41a25;δυνατοῦ δεξάμενον ὑπόθεσιν ἐπ' ἀδύνατον ἀπαχθῆναι Arr.Epict.1.7.25
, cf. Procl. in Euc.pp.76,252 F.; καθ' ὑπόθεσιν by way of supposition, 'let us suppose', Phld.Rh. 1.95 S., Sign.12, Cleom.1.7.IV = τὸ ὑποκείμενον (cf.ὑπόκειμαι 11.8
), the presupposition of an action, that which has been settled before it begins,περὶ τοῦ τέλους οὐθεὶς βουλεύεται, ἀλλὰ τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ καὶ ὑ. Arist.EE 1227a8
, cf. b30;τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑ. ἀληθεῖς καὶ δικαίας εἶναι προσήκει D.2.10
; of a thing, that without which it cannot exist or be what it is, its essence, αὕτη (sc. τὸ στέλεχος)οἷον ὑ. καὶ φύσις δένδρων Thphr.HP4.13.4
(cf. οὐσία καὶ φύσις τοῦ δένδρου ibid.);ἐπὶ τοῖς χυμοῖς μόνοις σηπομένοις ἔχοντος τὴν ὑ. ὅλου τοῦ νοσήματος, ὅπερ ἐστὶ πυρετώδους ὄντος Gal.18(2).299
.2 in the syllogism, the preliminary statements of fact (whether proved or not) from which inference starts, i. e. the premisses ([etym.] προτάσεις) , τῶν ἀποδείξεων αἱ ὑ., equivalent to ἀρχαί, Arist.Metaph. 1013a16;αἱ ἀρχαὶ καὶ αἱ λεγόμεναι ὑ. Id.APo. 81b15
; ὅσα δέδεικται δι' ἐκείνων ὑποθέσεις ποιησάμενοι taking as premisses (here) what has been proved in those other works, Gal.6.7, cf. 25,224; ἴστω.. τῆς ὑγιεινῆς πραγματείας ἀνατρέπων τὴν ὑ. ib.17;ὑπόθεσιν, αἴτησιν οὖσαν πράγματος εἰς κατασκευήν τινος S.E.M.3.4
;λαμβάνειν ἀναποδείκτους ὑ. Plu.2.720f
, cf. 721d;ἀναγκαῖον ἢ τὰς ὑ. εἶναι τὰς πρώτας ψευδεῖς, ἢ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῶν συμβαινόντων ἀποφάς εις Plb.1.15.9
, cf. 11.b assumption of existence of any one of the fundamental objects of a particular science,ὁ ὁρισμὸς θέσις μέν ἐστι.. ὑ. δ' οὐκ ἔστι· τὸ γὰρ τί ἐστι μονὰς καὶ τὸ εἶναι μονάδα οὐ ταὐτόν Arist.APo. 72a23
;ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα ἀρχή, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς μαθηματικοῖς αἱ ὑ. Id.EN 1151a17
.3 starting-point,ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ὑ. λαβεῖν τὸν λόγον τὴν εἰς ἑκάτερον μέρος ὁρμήν Iamb.VP27.130
; beginning, τὰς μὲν ἐλπίδας οὐ τελειοῖ (sc. ὁ ὄνειρος) , τὰς δὲ ὑ. τῶν πραγμάτων ταῖς περιοχαῖς ὁμοίας ποιεῖ (referring to a birth of twins which died), Artem.4.47.4 raw material,τὴν δοθεῖσαν ὑ. εὐφυᾶ πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν γυμναστικῆς.. ἀμείνω ἀποφαίνειν Luc.Hist. Conscr.35
;οἵαν ὕλην καὶ ὑ. φεύγεις·.. μένε οὖν μέχρι ἐξοικειώσῃς σαυτῷ καὶ ταῦτα M.Ant.10.31
.V mortgage, Thphr.Fr.97.1 (pl.).2 thing placed under, base, τὰς ὑ. (signf. 111)ποιούμενος οὐκ ἀρχὰς ἀλλὰ τῷ ὄντι ὑ., οἷον ἐπιβάσεις τε καὶ ὁρμάς Pl.R. 511b
, cf. Arr.Epict.1.7.22; in D.2.10 (v. supr. IV. 1) the ἀρχαί and ὑποθέσεις (i. e. basic principles) of actions are compared to the foundations ([etym.] τὰ κάτωθεν) of a house or a ship;Τριπτόλεμος.. τὰς πρώτας ὑ. βαλόμενος τῇ πόλει Lib.Or.11.52
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπόθεσις
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91 ὁ
ὁ, ἡ, τό, epic forms, gen. τοῖο, du. τοῖιν, pl. τοί, ταί, gen. τάων, dat. τοῖσι, τῆς(ι): (1) as demonstrative pronoun, that, those, often merely an emphatic he, she, it, pl. they, them; οὐδὲ παλαιῶν ( γυναικῶν), | τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν, ‘those ancient,’ Od. 2.119; the emphatic after-position being common when the word is adjectival, cf. Il. 5.320, 332; the pron. is often foll. by a name in apposition, αὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε.. Ἀχιλλεύς, ‘he, namely Achilles,’ Il. 1.488 ; ἣ δ' ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, Od. 1.125; freq. ὃ μὲν.. ὃ δέ, τὸ μὲν.. τὸ δέ, etc., the one.. the other, this.. that, etc. The word should be accented when used as a demonstrative.— (2) as definite article, the, a use denied by some to Homer, but the sense imperatively demands the later weakened force in many passages, and does not admit the stronger, Αἴᾶς δ' ὁ μέγας, Il. 16.358; αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον, Il. 8.342; τά τ ἐόντα τά τ ἐσσόμενα, Il. 1.70, and oftenest w. adjectives.— (3) as relative pronoun, who, which, esp., but not exclusively, the forms beginning with τ. The masc. sing. as rel. occurs, Il. 16.835, Il. 21.59, , Od. 1.254, Od. 2.262, Od. 4.777; πατρὸς, ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα, Od. 11.67. τέ is often appended to the word when used relatively, ταί τε, ὅ τε, Od. 12.40.—For ὅ γε, see ὅγε.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ὁ
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92 ἡ
ὁ, ἡ, τό, epic forms, gen. τοῖο, du. τοῖιν, pl. τοί, ταί, gen. τάων, dat. τοῖσι, τῆς(ι): (1) as demonstrative pronoun, that, those, often merely an emphatic he, she, it, pl. they, them; οὐδὲ παλαιῶν ( γυναικῶν), | τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν, ‘those ancient,’ Od. 2.119; the emphatic after-position being common when the word is adjectival, cf. Il. 5.320, 332; the pron. is often foll. by a name in apposition, αὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε.. Ἀχιλλεύς, ‘he, namely Achilles,’ Il. 1.488 ; ἣ δ' ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, Od. 1.125; freq. ὃ μὲν.. ὃ δέ, τὸ μὲν.. τὸ δέ, etc., the one.. the other, this.. that, etc. The word should be accented when used as a demonstrative.— (2) as definite article, the, a use denied by some to Homer, but the sense imperatively demands the later weakened force in many passages, and does not admit the stronger, Αἴᾶς δ' ὁ μέγας, Il. 16.358; αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον, Il. 8.342; τά τ ἐόντα τά τ ἐσσόμενα, Il. 1.70, and oftenest w. adjectives.— (3) as relative pronoun, who, which, esp., but not exclusively, the forms beginning with τ. The masc. sing. as rel. occurs, Il. 16.835, Il. 21.59, , Od. 1.254, Od. 2.262, Od. 4.777; πατρὸς, ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα, Od. 11.67. τέ is often appended to the word when used relatively, ταί τε, ὅ τε, Od. 12.40.—For ὅ γε, see ὅγε.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἡ
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93 τό
ὁ, ἡ, τό, epic forms, gen. τοῖο, du. τοῖιν, pl. τοί, ταί, gen. τάων, dat. τοῖσι, τῆς(ι): (1) as demonstrative pronoun, that, those, often merely an emphatic he, she, it, pl. they, them; οὐδὲ παλαιῶν ( γυναικῶν), | τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν, ‘those ancient,’ Od. 2.119; the emphatic after-position being common when the word is adjectival, cf. Il. 5.320, 332; the pron. is often foll. by a name in apposition, αὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε.. Ἀχιλλεύς, ‘he, namely Achilles,’ Il. 1.488 ; ἣ δ' ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, Od. 1.125; freq. ὃ μὲν.. ὃ δέ, τὸ μὲν.. τὸ δέ, etc., the one.. the other, this.. that, etc. The word should be accented when used as a demonstrative.— (2) as definite article, the, a use denied by some to Homer, but the sense imperatively demands the later weakened force in many passages, and does not admit the stronger, Αἴᾶς δ' ὁ μέγας, Il. 16.358; αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον, Il. 8.342; τά τ ἐόντα τά τ ἐσσόμενα, Il. 1.70, and oftenest w. adjectives.— (3) as relative pronoun, who, which, esp., but not exclusively, the forms beginning with τ. The masc. sing. as rel. occurs, Il. 16.835, Il. 21.59, , Od. 1.254, Od. 2.262, Od. 4.777; πατρὸς, ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα, Od. 11.67. τέ is often appended to the word when used relatively, ταί τε, ὅ τε, Od. 12.40.—For ὅ γε, see ὅγε.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > τό
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94 ἔνερθε(ν)
ἔνερθε(ν)Grammatical information: adv., prep.Meaning: `(from) below, below'.Derivatives: Compare ἔνεροι `those below, those below the earth', of the dead and the gods below the earth (Hom.), ἐνέρτερος, νέρτερος `below (the earth)' (Hom.), sup. ἐνέρτατος `the lowest' (Emp.).Etymology: Cf. the opposites ὕπερ-θε(ν), ὑπέρ-τερος, - τατος, to ὑπέρ; also ὕπερον, ὑπέρα (s. vv.). - A good formal agreement to νέρτερος gives Italic in Umbr. nertru `sinistro', Osc. nertra-k `a sinistra'. One compares further Germanic words for `north', e. g. OWNo. norđr n., which requires zero grade: PGm. *núrÞra-, IE *nr̥tro-. Basic meaning: `region where the sun is below', or `left side of someone who prays when turning to the east'. Another formation in Arm. ner-k`-in `the one below' (cf. i nerk`oy, i nerk` ust `(from) below'). Diff. again is Skt. naraka- `hell' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. II: 2, 150). Without consonantal suffix Toch. B ñor `below'; also A ñare, B nray, nrey `world below, hell' rather LW [loanword] from Skt.. niraya- `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 180. - As Armenian has no e-, this may be a Greek innovation. (Improbable Bezzenberger BB 27, 174, Güntert IF 27, 49 and Sonne KZ 14, 11: ἔν ἔρᾳι = in the earth). - Further to Lith. neriù, ner̃ti `dive in, slip in' etc. (s. δενδρύω)? S. also νειρός. - The e- may be compared with that of ἐκεῖ?Page in Frisk: 1,514-515Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνερθε(ν)
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95 διασπορά
διασπορά, ᾶς, ἡ (s. διασπείρω; Philo, Praem. 115; Plut., Mor. 1105a; Just.) LXX of dispersion of Israel among the gentiles (Dt 28:25; 30:4; Jer 41:17; s. also PsSol; TestAsh 7:2).① state or condition of being scattered, dispersion of those who are dispersed (Is 49:6; Ps 146:2; 2 Macc 1:27; PsSol 8:28) ἡ δ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων those who are dispersed among the Greeks J 7:35.—Schürer III 1–176; JJuster, Les Juifs dans l’Empire romain 1914; ACausse, Les Dispersés d’Israël 1929; GRosen, Juden u. Phönizier 1929; KKuhn, D. inneren Gründe d. jüd. Ausbreitung: Deutsche Theologie 2, ’35, 9–17; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 290–93 (lit.); JRobinson, NTS 6, ’60, 117–31 (4th Gosp.).② the place in which the dispersed are found, dispersion, diaspora (Jdth 5:19; TestAsh 7:2). Fig., of Christians who live in dispersion in the world, far fr. their heavenly home αἱ δώδεκα φυλαὶ αἱ ἐν τῇ δ. Js 1:1. παρεπίδημοι διασπορᾶς 1 Pt 1:1.—Hengel, Judaism II index. DELG s.v. σπείρω. TW. -
96 δοκέω
δοκέω impf. ἐδόκουν, 3 pl. ἐδοκοῦσαν Hs 9, 9, 5 (s. B-D-F §84, 3); fut. δόξω; 1 aor. ἔδοξα; pf. pass. 3 sg. δέδοκται 1 Esdr 8:11; ptc. δεδογμένον LXX (s. δόγμα; Hom.+).① to consider as probable, think, believe, suppose, consider, trans., of subjective opinion (Hom.+; pap; rare LXX).ⓐ w. inf. foll., when its subj. is identical w. that of the inf. (X., An. 2, 2, 14; Diod S 17, 27, 2 τοὺς δοκοῦντας νενικηκέναι; Pr 28:24; 4 Macc 13:14; Just., D. 2, 4 δοκεῖς κατόψεσθαι): μὴ δόξητε λέγειν do not suppose that you are to say Mt 3:9. ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν they thought they saw a ghost Lk 24:37. ὸ̔ δοκεῖ ἔχειν what he thinks he has 8:18 (cp. Jos., Bell. 3, 319). ὁ δοκῶν πνεῦμα ἔχειν the one who thinks he has the Spirit Hm 11:12; cp. J 5:39; 16:2; Ac 27:13; 1 Cor 7:40; Phil 3:4; Js 1:26; 2 Cl 17:3; Dg 3:5; 8:10; Hm 10, 2, 4.ⓑ foll. by the inf. w. a nom. ὅσῳ δοκεῖ μᾶλλον μείζων εἶναι the greater he thinks he is (or seems to be, s. 2 below) 1 Cl 48:6. εἴ τις δοκεῖ σοφὸς εἶναι if anyone thinks that he is wise 1 Cor 3:18. εἴ τις δοκεῖ προφήτης εἶναι 14:37. εἴ τις δοκεῖ φιλόνεικος εἶναι if anyone is disposed to be contentious 11:16.—Gal 6:3.ⓒ foll. by acc. and inf. w. subj. not identical (X., An. 1, 7, 1; PTebt 413, 6 μὴ δόξῃς με, κυρία, ἠμεληκέναι σου τῶν ἐντολῶν; Gen 38:15; 2 Macc 7:16; 3 Macc 5:5; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 2, 340; Just. A I, 3, 1; D. 118, 2) μή τίς με δόξῃ ἄφρονα εἶναι no one is to consider me foolish 2 Cor 11:16. ἃ δοκοῦμεν ἀτιμότερα εἶναι (the bodily members) which we consider less worthy of special attention 1 Cor 12:23.ⓓ w. ὅτι foll. (Arrian, Alex. An. 4, 28, 2) Mt 6:7; 26:53; Mk 6:49; Lk 12:51; 13:2, 4; J 5:45; 11:13, 31; 1 Cor 4:9 v.l.; 2 Cor 12:19; Js 4:5; Hv 4, 3, 7; 5:3.ⓔ used parenthetically (B-D-F §465, 2; Rob. 434; cp. Anacreontea 35, 15 Preis. πόσον δοκεῖς πονοῦσιν; Aristoph., Acharn. 12; Epict. 2, 19, 7; POxy 1218, 6f ἡ μήτηρ μου Θαῆσις εἰς Ἀντινόου, δοκῶ, ἐπὶ κηδίαν ἀπῆλθεν) πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας; how much more severely, do you think, will he be punished? Hb 10:29. τί δοκεῖτε ποιήσει; what, do you think, will he do? Hs 9, 28, 8; cp. 1 Cor 4:9. οὔ, δοκῶ I suppose not Lk 17:9 v.l.ⓕ elliptically (2 Macc 2:29) ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται the Human One / Son of Man is coming at an hour when you do not think (he will come) Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40. τί δοκεῖτε; what do you think? 1 Cl 43:6; 2 Cl 7:5. τί δοκεῖς τοὺς κεκλημένους; what do you think about those who have been called? Hs 9, 14, 5 (cp. X., An. 5, 7, 26 τούτους τί δοκεῖτε;).② to appear to one’s understanding, seem, be recognized asⓐ intr. (Hom. et al.; so mostly LXX)α. have the appearance w. dat. of pers. τίς τούτων … πλησίον δοκεῖ σοι γεγονέναι; who of these, do you think, proved to be a neighbor? Lk 10:36 (on τίνα … δοκεῖς … γεγονέναι; v.l. cp. 1c). δ. καταγγελεὺς εἶναι he seems to be a preacher Ac 17:18; cp. 1 Cor 12:22; 2 Cor 10:9; Hb 12:11; Dg 8:10 (παρὰ πᾶσι σπέρματα ἀληθείας δοκεῖ εἶναι Just., A I, 44, 10). εἴ τινι μὴ δοκοίη κἂν ταῦτα ἱκανά if that should seem to anybody to be insufficient Dg 2:10 (cp. Just., D. 42, 4). οὐδέν μοι δοκοῦσι διαφέρειν they seem to me to differ in no way 3:5 (παράδοξον λέγειν μοι δοκεῖς Just., D. 49, 6). ἔδοξα ἐμαυτῷ δεῖν πρᾶξαι=Lat. mihi videbar I was convinced that it was necessary to do Ac 26:9 (cp. Aristoph., Vesp. 177, 1265; Aeschin. 3, 53 [Schwyzer II 193]). GMary 463, 9. τὸ δοκεῖν in appearance (only) (Sextus 64; Sb 7696, 55 [250 A.D.]; Jos., Vi. 75, Ant. 14, 291 v.l. for τῷ δοκεῖν; s. Hdb. on ITr 10) ITr 10; ISm 2; 4:2. ὁ δοκῶν ἐνθάδε θάνατος what seems to be death in this world Dg 10:7 (τὰ δοκούντα καλά Just., A II, 1, 6; τῶν ἐν βαρβάροις … δοξάντων σοφῶν A I, 7, 3). As an expression serving to moderate a statement Hb 4:1.β. be influential, be recognized as being someth., have a reputation (cp. Sus 5; 2 Macc 1:13). οἱ δοκοῦντες (Eur., Hec. 295; Petosiris, Fgm. 6 ln. 58 οἱ δ.=the prominent dignitaries; Herodian 6, 1, 2; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 67) the influential men Gal 2:2, 6b. A fuller expr. w. the same mng., w. inf. added (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 41; Pla., Gorg. 472a, Euthd. 303c οἱ δοκοῦντες εἶναί τι; Plut. Mor. 212b δοκοῦντας εἶναί τινας; Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Herodian 4, 2, 5; Philo, Mos. 2, 241) vss. 6a, 9 (Pla., Apol. 6, 21b οἱ δοκοῦντες σοφοὶ εἶναι). WFoerster, D. δοκοῦντες in Gal 2: ZNW 36, ’38, 286–92 (against him, HGreeven, ZNW 44, ’52, 41 n. 100).—οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν those who are reputed to be rulers Mk 10:42 (cp. Plut., Arat. 1047 [43, 2] ᾧ δουλεύουσιν οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν).ⓑ impers. δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me (Ael. Aristid. 47 p. 427 D.: ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ; Jos., Ant. 6, 227 δοκεῖ σοι; Just., D. 5, 2 οὕτως δοκεῖ ὀρθῶς ἔχειν).α. I think, believe (cp. 1 above): τί σοι δοκεῖ; what do you think? Mt 17:25; 22:17. τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ; 18:12; 21:28; 26:66; J 11:56. W. περί τινος foll. (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 6, 4) Mt 22:42; GMary 463, 6 (PRyl 3, 463). W. acc. and inf. foll. (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 344 D.) οὐ δοκεῖ σοι τὸ μετανοῆσαι σύνεσιν εἶναι; do you not think that repentance is understanding? Hm 4, 2, 2; cp. m 8:6; 11; 10, 1, 2. τὸ δοκοῦν τινι someone’s discretion (Diod S 19, 91, 1 αὐτῷ τὸ δοκοῦν=his discretion; Just., A II, 14, 1 τὸ ὑμῖν δοκοῦν) κατὰ τὸ δ. αὐτοῖς at their discretion (Lucian, Tim. 25; cp. Thu. 1, 84, 2 παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν) Hb 12:10.β. it seems best to me, I decide, I resolve w. inf. foll. (X., An. 1, 10, 17; Diod S 18, 55, 2; Appian, Iber. 63 §265; SIG 1169, 77 [IV B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 6, 321) Lk 1:3 (decretal style; cp. the foll. pass.); as administrative t.t. (freq. ins, e.g. IPriene 105, 20 [9 B.C.]) Ac 15:22, 25, 28 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 163 ἔδοξέ μοι κ. τῷ ἐμῷ συμβουλίῳ … χρῆσθαι; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 8 ἔδοξε τῷ θεῷ; s. Ferguson, Legal Terms 50–53 on the socio-cultural implications of these Ac pass.; Danker, Benefactor 310–13; s. also MSimon, BJRL 52, ’69/70, 437–60; CPerrot, RSR 69, ’81, 195–208); ἄλογον γάρ μοι δοκεῖ I decided that is was unreasonable 25:27. Cp. MPol 12:3. ὡς ἄν σοι δόξῃ as it may seem best to you D 13:7 (Arrian, Cyneg. 3. 4 ὥς μοι δοκεῖ).—Cp. the contrast of the two mngs.: τὰ ἀεὶ δοκοῦντα … τῷ δοκοῦντι εἶναι ἀληθῆ=‘that which seems true is true to one who thinks it’ Pla., Tht. 158e (s. L-S-J-M δ. end).—EHamp, ClPh 63, ’68, 285–87.—B. 1121. DELG. Schmidt, Syn. I 321–28 s. δόξα. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
97 εἰρηνεύω
εἰρηνεύω (s. εἰρήνη) fut. εἰρηνεύσω 1 Cl 56:12f; 1 aor. εἰρήνευσα LXX; inf. εἰρηνεῦσαι 1 Cl 63:4.① to cause others to live in peace, reconcile trans. (Cass. Dio 77, 12; 1 Macc 6:60) τινά (cp. Polyb. 5, 8, 7; Cat. Cod. Astr. IX/2 p. 145, 16) those who are quarreling B 19:12; D 4:3.② to be at peace intr. (gener. of ending a state of enmity or hostilities; Pla., Theaet. 180b; Cass. Dio 42:15; IBM 894, 8f εἰρηνεύουσι γῆ καὶ θάλαττα; LXX; TestSol; TestJob 36:4; Test12Patr).ⓐ live in peace, be at peace (IBM 894; 2 Ch 14:5; Job 3:26; 2 Macc 12:4) τινί w. someone (Job 5:23; Sir 6:6) 1 Cl 56:12. Of God’s assembly (church), which is enjoying peace IPhld 10:1; cp. ISm 11:2; IPol 7:1. ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ πνεύματι be at peace outwardly and inwardly ITr ins; εἰρηνεῦσαι attain peace 1 Cl 63:4.ⓑ keep the peace abs. (Appian: Liby. 67 §303, Syr. 4 §15, Bell. Civ. 5, 22 §88; TestGad 6:6) 2 Cor 13:11. δαιμόνιον μηδέποτε εἰρηνεῦον a (restless) sprite that never keeps the peace Hm 2:3. εἰρηνεύετε ἐν ἀλλήλοις keep the peace among yourselves (Vi. Aesopi W 102 P. εἰρ. πρὸς ἀλλήλους, v.l. εἰς ἀλλ.) Mk 9:50 (AvanVeldhuizen, Zout en Vrede: NThSt 15, ’32, 252–59). For this ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 Th 5:13; Hv 3, 6, 3; 3, 9, 2 and 10; 3, 12, 3; Hs 8, 7, 2. μετά τινος with someone (3 Km 22:45; TestBenj 5:1) Ro 12:18; 1 Cl 54:2. οἱ εἰρηνεύοντες those who are peaceable (Sir 28:9, 13) 15:1.—DELG s.v. εἰρήνη. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
98 εἰρήνη
εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ (s. εἰρηνεύω; Hom.+; εἰρ. and related terms are common in astr. texts, e.g. Cat. Cod. Astr. IX/2 p. 173, 21; 175, 10)① a state of concord, peace, harmonyⓐ between governments opp. πόλεμος IEph 13:2. ἐρωτᾷ τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην asks for terms of peace Lk 14:32 (cp. TestJud 9:7 αἰτοῦσιν ἡμᾶς τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην; Anna Comn., Alex. 8, 5 ed. R. II p. 12, 17 τὰ περὶ εἰρήνης ἐρωτῶντες.—It is also poss. to transl. inquires about his health like ἐρωτ. [τὰ] εἰς εἰρήνην=שָׁאַל לְשָׁלוֹם 2 Km 8:10; 11:7; s. HThackeray, JTS 14, 1913, 389–99; Helbing, Kasussyntax 40); ἐν εἰ. εἶναι (Aristot., Mirabilia 119, 842a 2) be in peace, out of danger Lk 11:21. λαμβάνειν τὴν εἰ. ἔκ τινος take peace away fr. someth.=plunge it into a state of war Rv 6:4.—Ac 24:2. Of those who are fighting αἰτεῖσθαι εἰ. ask for peace (Anonym. Alex.-gesch. [II B.C.]: 151 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac.) Ac 12:20.ⓑ harmony in personal relationships peace, harmony w. ὁμόνοια (Chrysipp.: Stoic. II 1076; Diod S 16, 60, 3; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 14; 22 [39], 2; SIG 685, 13 [139 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 4, 50) 1 Cl 60:4; 61:1; 63:2; w. πραΰτης 61:2; opp. ὀργή D 15:3; opp. μάχαιρα Mt 10:34, cp. Lk 12:51. συναλλάσσειν εἰς εἰ. pacify Ac 7:26; σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰ. Eph 4:3. βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης king of peace (as transl. of Salem; cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 79) Hb 7:2. Of the Christian community εἰ. ἔχειν have peace, rest (fr. persecution, as Ac 14:2 v.l.; for the phrase s. Diod S 11, 72, 1; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 401) Ac 9:31; εἰ. βαθεῖα (Ath. 1, 3 [opp. διώκεσθαι]; s. βαθύς 3a) 1 Cl 2:2. ὁδὸς εἰρήνης the way of peace, that leads to peace Ro 3:17 (Ps 13:3; Is 59:8); Lk 1:79. μετʼ εἰρήνης peaceably (Diod S 3, 18, 7; Vi. Aesopi W 97 P. μετʼ εἰρήνης ζῆν; EpJer 2; 1 Esdr 5:2; 1 Macc 12:4, 52 al.; Jos., Ant. 1, 179; 8, 405) Hb 11:31; ποιεῖν εἰ. make peace (Hermocles [IV/III B.C.]: Anth. Lyr. II p. 250, 21 [p. 174, 21 Coll. Alex.=Athen. 6, 253e] πρῶτον μὲν εἰρήνην ποίησον, φίλτατε.—ἐπί τινα Iren. 4, 40, 1 [Harv. II 301, 9]) Ac 14:2 v.l.; Eph 2:15; οἱ ποιοῦντες εἰ. those who make peace Js 3:18. βούλεσθαι εἰ. (Pr 12:20) wish for peace 1 Cl 15:1. διώκειν strive toward peace (w. δικαιοσύνη, πίστις, ἀγάπη) 2 Ti 2:22; Gal 5:22; 1 Cl 22:5 (Ps 33:15). εἰ. διώκειν μετὰ πάντων strive to be at peace w. everyone Hb 12:14 (cp. Epict. 4, 5, 24 εἰ. ἄγεις πρὸς πάντας). τὰ τῆς εἰ. διώκειν strive after peace Ro 14:19; ζητεῖν εἰ. 1 Pt 3:11 (Ps 33:15); cp. 2 Cl 10:2. τὰ πρὸς εἰ. what makes for peace Lk 19:42. W. ἀσφάλεια 1 Th 5:3; w. ἀγάπη B 21:9; 1 Cl 62:2. ἀπέστη ἡ εἰ. peace has disappeared 1 Cl 3:4 (cp. δαίμονας … τὴν εἰ. ταράσσοντας Orig., C. Cels. 8, 73, 29). πρόσωπον εἰρήνης ἔχειν maintain a facade of peace Hv 3, 6, 3; εἰ. ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς have peace within one’s group 3, 5, 1.ⓒ good order opp. ἀκαταστασία 1 Cor 14:33; cp. 7:15, and 1 Cl 20:1, 9ff.② a state of well-being, peaceⓐ corresp. to Hebr. שָׁלוֹם welfare, health (WCaspari, Vorstellung u. Wort ‘Friede’ im AT 1910, esp. p. 128ff) in a farewell greeting: ὑπάγειν ἐν εἰ. go in peace, approx. equiv. to ‘keep well’ Js 2:16; also πορεύεσθαι ἐν εἰ. (Judg 18:6 B; 2 Km 3:21) Ac 16:36; ὑπάγειν εἰς εἰρήνην Mk 5:34; πορεύεσθαι εἰς εἰ. (1 Km 1:17; 20:42; 29:7; Jdth 8:35) Lk 7:50; 8:48. προπέμπειν τινὰ ἐν εἰ. send someone on the way in peace 1 Cor 16:11 (cp. Vi. Aesopi I, 32 p. 297, 1 Eberh. ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἀπέστειλεν [αὐτόν]). ἐν εἰ. μετὰ χαρᾶς ἀναπέμψατε send back in peace w. joy 1 Cl 65:1. ἀπολύειν τινὰ μετὰ εἰρήνης send someone away w. a greeting of peace Ac 15:33 (cp. Gen 26:29; Jos., Ant. 1, 179). In the formula of greeting εἰ. ὑμῖν=שָׁלוֹם לָכֶם (cp. Judg 6:23; 19:20; Da 10:19 Theod.; Tob 12:17) Lk 24:36; J 20:19, 21, 26. εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ peace to this house Lk 10:5; cp. vs. 6 (WKlassen, NTS 27, ’81, 488–506); Mt 10:12 v.l., 13 (on εἰ. ἐπί w. acc. cp. Is 9:7; Ps 84:9). In epistolary closure καὶ ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη peace be w. you AcPlCor 2:40.—A new and characteristic development is the combination of the Greek epistolary greeting χαίρειν with a Hebrew expression in the Pauline and post-Pauline letters χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη (s. χάρις 2c) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Tit 1:4; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4. (χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη) 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3. (χάρις καὶ εἰ.—or w. ἔλεος—πληθυνθείη, cp. Da 4:1; 4:37c LXX; 6:26 Theod.) 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; Jd 2; 1 Cl ins; Pol ins; MPol ins; cp. Gal 6:16; Eph 6:23; 2 Th 3:16; 1 Pt 5:14; 3J 15; ISm 12:2; B 1:1 (χαίρετε ἐν εἰ.); to a degree, mng. 2b also is implied in this expr.ⓑ Since, acc. to the prophets, peace will be an essential characteristic of the messianic kgdm. (εἰ. as summum bonum: Seneca, Ep. 66, 5), Christian thought also freq. regards εἰ. as nearly synonymous w. messianic salvation εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἰ. proclaim peace, i.e. messianic salvation (Is 52:7) Ac 10:36; Ro 10:15 v.l.; Eph 2:17; τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς εἰ. 6:15. ἔχειν ἐν Χριστῷ εἰ. J 16:33; ἔχειν εἰ. πρὸς τὸν θεόν have peace w. God Ro 5:1 (on εἰ. πρός τινα cp. Pla., Rep. 5, 465b; X., Hiero 2, 11; Epict. 4, 5, 24; Jos., Ant. 8, 396). ἀφιέναι εἰ. leave peace τινί J 14:27a (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 14, 20); same sense εἰ. διδόναι give or grant peace 14:27b; 2 Th 3:16b (so Is 26:12. Since Thu. 4, 19, 1; 21, 1 εἰ. διδόναι refers to granting of political peace). Hence εἰ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ the peace brought by Christ Col 3:15; εἰ. τοῦ θεοῦ Phil 4:7; ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰ. (TestDan 5:2) Ro 15:33; 16:20; 2 Cor 13:11; Phil 4:9; 1 Th 5:23; Hb 13:20; ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰ. 2 Th 3:16a; αὐτός (i.e. ὁ Χριστός) ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν Eph 2:14 (cp. POxy 41, 27, where an official is called εἰρήνη πόλεως; sim. ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης PAchm 7, 8; 104.—FCoggan, ET 53, ’42, 242 [peace-offering]; but s. NSnaith, ibid. 325f). ἐπαναδράμωμεν ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς εἰ. σκοπόν let us run toward the goal of peace 1 Cl 19:2.—2 Pt 3:14; (w. ζωή) Ro 8:6; (w. δόξα and τιμή) 2:10; (w. δικαιοσύνη and χαρά.—W. χαρά En 5:9; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 45) 14:17; 15:13; (πίστις, φόβος, ὑπομονή, μακροθυμία) 1 Cl 64:1. παιδεία εἰηρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτόν 16:5 (Is 53:5). In prayer εἰς ἀγαθὰ ἐν εἰ. 60:3. Also Lk 2:29 and the angelic greeting ἐπὶ γῆς εἰ. peace on earth 2:14 are prob. to be classed here; cp. 19:38.—On peace as a gift of God cp. Epict. 3, 13, 12 εἰρήνη ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κεκηρυγμένη διὰ τοῦ λόγου (=philosophy); Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 26, 5: it is the task of deities to establish and to promote εἰρήνη and φιλία; cp. the boasts of Isis in related terms, IAndrosIsis, Kyme.—HFuchs, Augustin u. d. antike Friedensgedanke 1926, 39–43; 167–223; WNestle, D. Friedensgedanke in d. antiken Welt: Philol. Suppl. 31, ’38; WvanLeeuwen, Eirene in het NT ’40; FBammel, Die Religionen der Welt und der Friede auf Erden ’57; on the word’s history, KBrugmann and BKeil, Εἰρήνη: Ber. d. Sächs. Ges. d. Wiss. 68, 1916 nos. 3 and 4; GKöstner, Εἰρήνη in d. Briefen des hl. Apostels, diss. Rome ’58; WEisenbeis, D. Wurzel שׁלם im AT, Beih. ZAW 113, ’69; RAC VIII 434–505 (lit.).—B. 1376. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
99 εὐλογέω
εὐλογέω impf. ηὐλόγουν and εὐλόγουν (W-S. §12, 5b; Rob. 367); fut. εὐλογήσω; 1 aor. εὐλόγησα (also ηὐ-LXX); pf. εὐλόγηκα. Pass.: 1 fut. pass. εὐλογηθήσομαι; pf. ptc. εὐλογημένος (also ηὐ-Is 61:9) (s. next entry; Trag.+; Ps.-Pla., Min. 320e; Isocr., Archid. 43; Ps.-Aristot., Rhet. ad Alex. 4, 1426a, 3ff; Polyb. 1, 14, 4; Cass. Dio 42, 28; Herm. Wr.; ins; PSI 405, 5 [III B.C.]; LXX, pseudepigr.; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath. 11, 2; Christian pap).① to say someth. commendatory, speak well of, praise, extol (so quite predom. outside our lit.; cp. ins Pfuhl-Möbius II, 1606, 2 [II A.D.] in sense of ‘speak well of someone’) τὸν θεόν (cp. CIG 4705b, 2 εὐλογῶ τὸν θεόν, i.e. Pan; 4706c, 2 τὴν Εἶσιν. Within Israelite tradition: εὐ. τὸν θεόν OGI 73, 1 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 3050f; LXX; En 106:11; PsSol 2:33; TestSol 7:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 7, 380; SibOr 4, 25; Just., A I, 67, 2) Lk 1:64; 2:28; 24:53 (v.l. αἰνοῦντες); Js 3:9; MPol 14:2f. Christ as object οἱ ἰχθύες … σε εὐλογοῦσιν GJs 3:3; ἡ γῆ … σε εὐλογει MPol 19:2; cp. per me dominum benedic Papias (1:3). τὴν σὴν οἰκονομίαν AcPl Ha 3, 22. Also abs. give thanks and praise (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 8 [Stone p. 12]) Mt 14:19; 26:26; Mk 6:41; 14:22; Lk 24:30; 1 Cor 14:16 (beside εὐχαριστέω as Herm. Wr. 1, 27. S. also the confession ins in FSteinleitner, D. Beicht 1913, 112). ἐπʼ αὐτούς over them Lk 9:16 D.② to ask for bestowal of special favor, esp. of calling down God’s gracious power, bless (LXX)ⓐ upon pers. τινά bless someone Mk 10:16 v.l. (for κατευλογέω). Lk 24:50f; Hb 7:1, 6f (cp. Gen 14:19; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 and 19; GJs 12:2, twice). Opp. καταρᾶσθαι (Gen 12:3; EpJer 65; Philo, Fuga 73, Mos. 2, 196; Jos., Bell. 6, 307) 1 Cl 15:3 (Ps 61:5). εὐ. τοὺς καταρωμένους those who curse Lk 6:28; D 1:3. τοὺς διώκοντας ὑμᾶς your persecutors Ro 12:14a. Of paternal blessings by Isaac (Gen 27) and Jacob (Gen 48) Hb 11:20f; B 13:4f. Priestly blessing GJs 7:2; 12:1 (for 6:2 s. 3 below). Abs. (Philo, Migr. Abr. 113 opp. καταρᾶσθαι) λοιδορούμενοι εὐλογοῦμεν when we are reviled we bless 1 Cor 4:12; cp. Ro 12:14b; 1 Pt 3:9 (on kind treatment of the unkind cp. Plut., Mor. 88–89); Dg 5:15.—Of the word of blessing w. which one greets a person or wishes the person well (4 Km 4:29; 1 Ch 16:43) Lk 2:34. Also the acclamation εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου (Ps 117:26) Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; J 12:13; cp. Lk 19:38; Mk 11:10.ⓑ upon things, which are thereby consecrated τὶ bless, consecrate (Ex 23:25; 1 Km 9:13; cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 401) Mk 8:7; Lk 9:16. In the language of the Eucharist 1 Cor 10:16. Probably Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22 also belong here, in which case the obj. is to be supplied fr. the context; likew. Mt 14:19; Mk 6:41 (s. 1 above).③ to bestow a favor, provide with benefits: w. God or Christ as subj. (Eur., Suppl. 927; PGM 4, 3050a; LXX; En 1:8; TestAbr A 1 p. 77, 15 [Stone p. 2] al.; Just., D. 123, 6) τινά someone Ac 3:26; 1 Cl 10:3 (Gen 12:2); 33:6 (Gen 1:28); ἐκκλησίαν Hv 1, 3, 4. εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω σε surely I will bless you Hb 6:14 (Gen 22:17). W. God as implied subj. GJs 6:2; εὐλόγησον αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν (the infant Mary) with the ultimate/finest blessing ibid. τινὰ ἔν τινι someone with someth. (Ps 28:11; TestJos 18:1 v.l.) ἐν πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3 (cp. TestIss 5:6 ἐν εὐλογίαις τῆς γῆς.—On the form cp. BGU βεβαιώσει πάσῃ βεβαιώσει). Pass. Gal 3:9; 1 Cl 31:2; GJs 15:4 (Just.). ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου εὐλογηθήσονται Ac 3:25 v.l. (Gen 12:3). Pf. ptc. εὐλογημένος blessed (LXX; Ps 5:19; Just., D. 121, 1 al.) 1 Cl 30:5 (Job 11:2), 8. σῶμα … εὐ. AcPlCor 2:27. Of a child (Dt 28:4) Lk 1:42b. εὐλογημένη ἐν γυναιξίν among women vs. 28 v.l.; 42a. GJs 11:1; 12:1; cp. εὐλόγησόν με 2:4 (in Anna’s prayer for a child); 4:4. ἐν πᾶσιν in every respect IEph 2:1. ἐν μεγέθει θεοῦ πατρὸς πληρώματι IEph ins. ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ by the grace of God IMg ins. εὐλογημένοι τοῦ πατρός those blessed by the Father Mt 25:34; τοῖς ηὐλογημένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cl 30:8 (cp. Is 61:9 σπέρμα ηὐλογημένον ὑπὸ θεοῦ).—Lit. on εὐλογέω and εὐλογία in TSchermann, Allg. Kirchenordnung 1914/16 II 640, 4. Also JHempel, D. israel. Ansch. v. Segen u. Fluch im Lichte d. altoriental. Parallelen: ZDMG n.F. 4, 1925, 20–110; EMaass, Segnen, Weihen, Taufen: ARW 21, 1922, 241–81; LBrun, Segen u. Fluch im Urchristentum ’32; JZdevsar, Eulogia u. Eulogein im NT, diss. Rome ’54; AMurtonen, VetusT 9, ’59, 158–77; EKleszmann, Monatsschr. für Past.-Theol., 48, ’59, 26–39. BWestcott, Hebrews, 1889, 203–10.—B. 1479. New Docs 4, 151f. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
100 θλίβω
θλίβω fut. θλίψω; 1 aor. ἔθλιψα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. θλιβήσεται Job 20:22; 2 aor. ἐθλίβην; pf. ptc. τεθλιμμένος (s. next entry; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 330, Ant. 20, 111; SibOr; Mel., P. 80, 587).① to press or crowd close against, press upon, crowd τινά someone (Sir 16:28 v.l.; JosAs 23:8 τὸν πόδα) Mk 3:9 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 45, §194 ἐπιθλίβω τινά=crowd around someone).② to cause someth. to be constricted or narrow, press together, compress, make narrow (Dionys. Hal. 8, 73 βίοι τεθλιμμένοι, provisions that have become scarce; ὁ θεὸς ἔθλιψεν τὴν σελήνην GrBar 9:7); pass. of space that is limited (of small living quarters Theocr. 21, 18 θλιβομένα καλύβα= tight quarters; Lucian, Alex. 49 τ. πόλεως θλιβομένης ὑπὸ τ. πλήθους =the city jammed full w. a multitude) ἔν τινι τόπῳ τεθλιμμένῳ καὶ πεπληρωμένῳ ἑρπετῶν πονηρῶν a tight place and full of bad snakes = a place jammed full with bad snakes ApcPt 10:25 (the misery is twofold: tight quarters to begin with and being totally surrounded by snakes). Of a road (w. a corresp. στενὴ πύλη) ὁδὸς τεθλιμμένη a narrow, confined road and therefore a source of trouble or difficulty to those using it Mt 7:14 (TestAbr A 11 p. 88, 30 [Stone p. 24]; s. KBornhäuser, Die Bergpredigt 1923, 177ff); on the imagery s. AMattill, JBL 98, ’79, 531–46; Betz, SM 527: “The chances of failure are greater than the chances of success, a sobering message.”③ to cause to be troubled, oppress, afflict τινά someone (Dt 28:53; Lev 19:33; SibOr 3, 630) 2 Th 1:6. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον oppress the Holy Spirit Hm 10, 2, 5; χρεώστας θ. oppress debtors 8:10.—Pass. be afflicted, distressed (UPZ 42, 22 [162 B.C.]; PsSol 1:1 al.) 2 Cor 1:6; 4:8; 7:5; Hb 11:37; Hm 2:5. θλιβείς by suffering B 7:11. θλιβεὶς τῇ γνώμῃ τινός distressed by someone’s scheming IPhld 6:2. ψυχὴ θλιβομένη distressed soul Hs 1:8 (PGM 1, 213 θλίβεταί[?] μου ἡ ψυχή; TestSol 1:4 θλιβομένης μου τῆς ψυχῆς; Mel., P. 80, 587; Proclus on Pla., Crat., 72, 3 Pasqu. δαίμονες θλίβουσι τ. ψυχάς; Nicetas Eugen. 2, 27 H. ψυχὴ τεθλιμμένη; cp. Philo, De Ios. 179). On Hs 8, 10, 4 s. Bonner 113 note.—Subst. ὁ θλιβόμενος the oppressed (one) (TestSol D 4, 11 παραμυθία των θ.; JosAs 12:11 τῶν θλιβομένων βοηθός; Diod S 13, 109, 5 οἱ θλιβόμενοι=those who were hard pressed) 1 Ti 5:10; ISm 6:2; B 20:2; D 5:2. Esp., as in some of the aforementioned pass., of the persecution of Christians 1 Th 3:4; 2 Th 1:7. θλιβῆναι πάσῃ θλίψει suffer every kind of affliction Hs 6, 3, 6; cp. 7:1ff; 8, 10, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου θλιβέντες persecuted for the law (i.e., for the way of life that is in accordance with the instructions of Jesus) 8, 3, 7.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.
См. также в других словарях:
Those — Those, pron. [OE. [thorn]os, [thorn]as, AS. [eth][=a]s, nom. and acc. pl. of [eth][=e]s this. See {This}, and cf. {These}.] The plural of that. See {That}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
those — [ðəuz US ðouz] the plural of ↑that … Dictionary of contemporary English
those — [ ðouz ] function word *** the plural of that … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
those — Midlands and southern variant of O.E. þas, nominative and accusative plural of þes, þeos this (see THIS (Cf. this)) … Etymology dictionary
those — [thōz] pron., adj. [ME thas, thos < OE thas, thæs, pl. of thes,THIS] pl. of THAT … English World dictionary
those — ♦ (The determiner is pronounced [[t]ðoʊz[/t]]. The pronoun is pronounced [[t]ðo͟ʊz[/t]].) 1) DET: DET pl n You use those to refer to people or things which have already been mentioned. Theoretically he had control over more than $400 million in… … English dictionary
those — an·or·those; pyo·xan·those; those; … English syllables
those — Kēlā mau; ua … lā. Those of that place, kō laila. Those books, kēlā mau puke … English-Hawaiian dictionary
those — Etymology: Middle English, from those these, from Old English thās, plural of thes this more at this plural of that … New Collegiate Dictionary
those — /dhohz/, pron., adj. pl. of that. [1300 50; ME those, thoos, thas(e), var. of tho (ME, OE tha), pl. of THAT, by association with ME thees, thas(e) (OE thas), pl. of THIS] … Universalium
those — [OE] Originally, those was the plural of this. It did not move across to that until the Middle English period, gradually replacing its previous plural thō. The game of musical chairs was completed by these, which was a new formation based on this … The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins