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21 benefits of culture
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22 off standard conditions
аномальные условия; ненормальное состояниеEnglish-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > off standard conditions
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23 культурный уровень
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > культурный уровень
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24 уровень культуры
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > уровень культуры
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25 уровень
муж.
1) level над уровнем моря ≈ above sea-level ниже уровня моря ≈ below sea-level уровень воды ≈ water-level энергетический уровень ≈ energy level уровень земли ≈ ground level уровень моря ≈ sea level
2) (экономики, культуры и т.п.) standard материальный и культурный уровень жизни ≈ the people's living and cultural standards мн. высокий уровень знаний ≈ high standard of knowledge выше среднего уровня ≈ exceptional, upscale жизненный уровень ≈ living standard;
standard of life/living уровень дохода ≈ level of income уровень цен ≈ price level, standard of price экон. уровень рождаемости ≈ birth rate уровень преступности ≈ crime rate уровень культуры ≈ standard of culture уровень образования ≈ standard of education
3) (прибор) level (gauge) боковой уровень поперечный уровень ∙ поднять что-л. на должный уровень ≈ to bring smth. up to standard на высшем уровне ≈ high-level совещание на высшем уровне ≈ highest-level conference, summit talks/meeting на уровне лучших мировых стандартов ≈ on a level with the highest world standards быть на уровне на уровне послов - на уровне министровуров|ень - м. level;
(степень величины, значимости тж.) standard;
над ~нем моря above sea-level;
~ зарплаты standard of wages;
довоенный ~ prewar level;
быть на ~не be* up to standard;
совещание на высшем ~не summit conference, top-level conference, summit;
на ~не послов, министров at ambassador, minister level;
на высоком художественном ~не at a high level of artistic excellence;
на ~не лучших мировых стандартов on a level with highest world standards, conforming to the highest world standards;
поднять что-л. на должный ~ bring* smth. up to standard;
довести предприятие до современного ~ня bring* a plant up-to-date;
достичь самого низкого ~ня reach/touch bottom;
поднимать ~ цен increase the price level;
cохранять ~ цен maintain the price level. -
26 культура
жен.
1) culture
2) (чего-л.) standard (of), level (of) культура речи ≈ standard of speech
3) (с.-х.;
растение): садовые культуры ≈ horticultural crops тепличная культура ≈ glass-house culture кормовые культуры ≈ forage crops технические культуры ≈ industrial crops - зерновые культуры
4) (чего-л.;
с.-х.;
разведение растений) cultivation (of), growing (of) ∙ физическая культуракультур|а - ж.
1. culture;
~ древних греков the culture of Ancient Greece;
человек высокой ~ы man* of culture;
2. (уровень, степень развития чего-л.): ~ земледелия efficiency in agriculture;
~ производства production standards/efficiency;
~ речи speech habits pl. ;
~ труда workmanship;
~ быта culture in everyday life;
3. (разведение растений) cultivation, growing;
(обработка земли) cultivation, tilling;
4. (растение) crop;
зерновые ~ы cereals;
кормовые ~ы forage crops;
технические ~ы industrial crops;
5. бакт. culture.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > культура
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27 Bibliography
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New York: W. H. Freeman.■ Weizenbaum, J. (1976). Computer power and human reason: From judgment to cal culation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.■ Wertheimer, M. (1945). Productive thinking. New York: Harper & Bros.■ Whitehead, A. N. (1925). Science and the modern world. New York: Macmillan.■ Whorf, B. L. (1956). In J. B. Carroll (Ed.), Language, thought and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Whyte, L. L. (1962). The unconscious before Freud. New York: Anchor Books.■ Wiener, N. (1954). The human use of human beings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.■ Wiener, N. (1964). God & Golem, Inc.: A comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Winograd, T. (1972). Understanding natural language. New York: Academic Press.■ Winston, P. H. (1987). Artificial intelligence: A perspective. In E. L. Grimson & R. S. Patil (Eds.), AI in the 1980s and beyond (pp. 1-12). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Winston, P. H. (Ed.) (1975). The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGrawHill.■ Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.■ Wittgenstein, L. (1958). The blue and brown books. New York: Harper Colophon.■ Woods, W. A. (1975). What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks. In D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), Representations and understanding: Studies in cognitive science (pp. 35-84). New York: Academic Press.■ Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Holt; London: Methuen (1939).■ Wundt, W. (1904). Principles of physiological psychology (Vol. 1). E. B. Titchener (Trans.). New York: Macmillan.■ Wundt, W. (1907). Lectures on human and animal psychology. J. E. Creighton & E. B. Titchener (Trans.). New York: Macmillan.■ Young, J. Z. (1978). Programs of the brain. New York: Oxford University Press.■ Ziman, J. (1978). Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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28 method
in vitro culture method — метод культуры in vitro
nurse method — метод культуры-«няньки»
nurse culture method — метод культуры-«няньки»
plate culture method — метод культивирования в чашках, чашечный метод культивирования
Англо-русский терминологический перечень по культуре тканей растений > method
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29 technique
технический приём, способ, метод; методикаagar-filtration technique — метод агар-фильтрации (метод предварительной концентрации и частичной очистки вирионов перед иммуноэлектронной микроскопией)
antibody-coated grid technique — метод ( иммуноэлектронной микроскопии) с иммобилизованными на подложке антителами
antigen-coated grid technique — метод ( иммуноэлектронной микроскопии) с иммобилизованными на подложке антигенами
antigen-pulsing technique — метод примирования антигеном (метод оценки способности процессированного в макрофагах антигена активировать сингенные T-лимфоциты)
azo-dye technique — техника азоокрашивания, метод Пирса ( метод гистохимического выявления кислой фосфатазы)
biotin-avidin-amplified immunoperoxidase technique — иммунопероксидазная техника с авидин-биотиновым усилением
bronchial challenge technique — бронхоспастическая проба с аллергеном, бронхопровокационный аллерготест
cell-distance technique — метод ( подсчёта) межклеточных интервалов (метод определения расстояний, пройденных клетками различных популяций от поверхности монослоя, при определении хемотаксической активности лейкоцитов в культуре)
cold target cell inhibition technique — метод подавления цитотоксичности немечеными клетками-мишенями ( в тестах на антителозависимую лимфоцитотоксичность)
colony technique — метод колоний, метод колониеобразования
Coon's technique — метод Кунса ( непрямой иммунофлуоресцентный метод для выявления антигенов в тканях)
cosmid walking technique — метод скрининга космид, метод космидной «прогулки»
coupling technique — метод связывания, метод пришивки; реакция синтеза ( полимера)
Craig's technique — ( антитоксиновая) проба Крейга
direct intrasplenic injection technique — метод прямой внутриселезёночной инъекции (метод оценки потенции колониеобразующей единицы селезёнки без поправки на хоминг-эффект)
double labeling technique — метод двойных антител, сэндвич-метод
enzyme-linked immuno-electron-transfer blot technique — метод иммуноэлектроблоттинга с ферментативным усилением
exon-shuffling technique — метод «перетасовки экзонов»
extracellular quenching technique — метод [техника] внеклеточного гашения (метод изучения фагоцитоза с помощью хемилюминесцентного анализа с гашением флуоресценции непоглощённых бактерий)
Feinberg's technique — метод Файнберга, метод градиентных планшетов ( метод постановки реакции двойной двумерной иммунодиффузии)
fingerprinting technique — метод пептидных карт, метод «отпечатков пальцев», фингерпринт-метод
fluorescent antibody technique — метод флуоресцирующих антител, иммунофлуоресцентный метод
Folin-Ciocalteau technique — метод Лоури, метод Фолина-Чикальтеу ( метод определения содержания белка)
genomic walking technique — метод «прогулки вдоль хромосомы» ( один из методов скрининга геномов)
Grabar-Williams immunoelectrophoretic technique — метод иммуноэлектрофореза по Грабарю и Уильямсу, метод иммуноэлектрофореза с последующей иммунопреципитацией
gradient-plate technique — метод Файнберга, метод градиентных планшетов ( метод постановки реакции двойной двумерной иммунодиффузии)
gradient-tube technique — метод Хейворда-Огюстина, метод иммунодиффузии в пробирках с градиентным гелем
hapten-sandwich technique — «бигаптеновый» метод, сэндвич-гаптеновый метод (оценки эффекта TH-клеток на функцию B-лимфоцитов без их связывания с антигеном)
Hayward-Augustin technique — метод Хейворда-Огюстина, метод иммунодиффузии в пробирках с градиентным гелем
heat shock technique — метод теплового шока, хитшоковый метод
hemolysis-in-gel technique — реакция ( локального) гемолиза в геле
Holm-Wadsworth technique — метод Хольма-Вудсворта, метод камерных планшетов
hot antigen suicide technique — метод самоубийства радиоактивного антигена (метод ингибирования антиген-специфической функции лимфоцитов путём адгезии антигена, меченного высокоактивным изотопом, с антигенсвязывающим лимфоцитом и последующим его радиолизом)
hybrid antibody technique — метод гибридных [гетероспецифических] антител (метод иммуноэлектронной микроскопии с использованием антител, несущих Fab-фрагменты различной специфичности)
immunoadherence technique — метод иммунной адгезии, метод иммунного прилипания, иммуноадгезионный метод
immunoenzyme bridge technique — иммуноферментный «мостиковый» метод ( с использованием системы двойных антител)
immunofluorescence spot technique — метод флуоресцирующих антител к клеточной поверхности, точечный иммунофлуоресцентный метод
immunofluorescent technique — метод флуоресцирующих антител, иммунофлуоресцентный метод
inhibition plate technique — метод Бьёркланда ( метод ингибирования реакции иммунодиффузии на планшетах)
interfacial technique — метод разграничивающих фаз ( реакция преципитации на границе раздела двух прозрачных фаз)
Jenning's technique — метод целеуказанной двойной диффузии в геле, метод Дженнинга
Kaminski-Wright technique — метод Каминского-Райта (количественный иммунодиффузионный метод определения оптимальных соотношений в реакции антиген-антитело)
killing technique — цитолитический метод, метод лизиса клеток
Laurell's technique — метод ракетного иммуноэлектрофореза по Лауреллу, метод однонаправленной простой электроиммунодиффузии
leading-front technique — метод лидирующей границы (метод определения хемотаксиса лейкоцитов путём измерения расстояния, пройденного быстромигрирующими клетками)
macroagarose technique — макрометод в агарозе ( метод визуализации активности факторов миграции лейкоцитов)
micropore technique — 1) метод ультрафильтрации 2) метод миллипоровых [диффузионных] камер
microprobe technique — микрозондовая техника ( метод скрининга с использованием в качестве зонда микроколичеств антител)
microsectioning technique — метод ( подсчёта) межклеточных интервалов (метод определения расстояний, пройденных клетками различных популяций от поверхности монослоя, при определении хемотаксической активности лейкоцитов в культуре)
microwell pseudoreplica immunoelectron microscopy technique — метод иммуноэлектронной микроскопии с использованием микролуночных псевдореплик
mixed agglutination technique — реакция смешанной агглютинации ( при анализе родственных или перекрёстнореагирующих детерминант)
monolayer technique — метод монослоя, метод ( культивирования) в монослое
multiple-puncture technique — метод множественных инъекций (метод получения антисывороток путём инъекции антигена в различные участки поверхности тела особи)
multiple-site technique — метод множественных инъекций (метод получения антисывороток путём инъекции антигена в различные участки поверхности тела особи)
Nothern blotting technique — назерн-блоттинг (метод определения фрагмента РНК, содержащего искомую последовательность, путём гибридизации разделённых электрофорезом фрагментов с радиоактивным зондом)
no touch technique — метод обязательной дотрансплантационной криоперфузии, органосохранная техника криоперфузии
Oakley-Fulthorpe technique — метод Оукли-Фулторпа, метод двойной однонаправленной иммунодиффузии
objective double diffusion plate technique — метод целеуказанной двойной диффузии в геле, метод Дженнинга
O'Farrel electrophoretic technique — метод электрофореза по Фаррелу ( метод двумерного электрофореза белков)
Ornstein-Davis electrophoretic technique — метод электрофореза по Орнстейну-Дэвису ( в неденатурирующих условиях)
Oss-Bronson technique — иммунореофорез, метод Осса-Бронсона ( двойная двумерная иммунодиффузия в геле)
panning technique — «пэннинг»-метод (метод фракционирования и сортировки клеток путём просеивания их через сорбент с иммобилизованными антителами или антигенами)
paraffin-embedding technique — техника заключения [техника заливки] в парафин, техника приготовления парафиновых срезов
patch-clamp technique — метод «открытия-закрытия» (метод оценки проницаемости клеточных ионных каналов с использованием пэтч-пипеток)
plate chamber technique — метод Хольма-Вудсворта, метод камерных планшетов
protein A-coated bacteria technique — метод иммобилизованных стафилококков, содержащих протеин A
protein A-coated grid technique — метод ( иммуноэлектронной микроскопии) с иммобилизованным на подложке протеином A
protein-sequencing technique — техника секвенирования белка ( метод определения первичной структуры белка)
quail-chick marker technique — метод перепелино-куриных маркированных химер ( для анализа участия мезенхимы в гистогенезе тимуса)
Race-Sanger technique — метод Рейса-Сэнджера ( для определения резус-принадлежности большого количества образцов крови)
radioimmunolocalization technique — радиоиммунотопографический метод, метод радиоиммунолокализации (метод анализа тканевой локализации антигена с помощью радиомеченых антител)
Raja cell technique — метод Raja-клеток (метод подсчёта прикрепившихся к Raja-клеткам комплемент-содержащих иммунных комплексов)
Rebuck's technique — метод Ребака, метод «кожных окошек» (метод количественной оценки реакции кожной гиперчувствительности на аллерген, путём определения хемотаксической активности клеток, мигрировавших на покровном стекле из участка скарификации)
Richardson's technique — методика Ричардсона (способ получения лиофилизированного комплемента из свежевыделенной сыворотки морской свинки)
Rinkel technique — титрование аллергена методом серийных разведений ( для кожных проб), метод Ринкеля
rosetting technique — метод розеткообразования, метод розеток
sequential fusion technique — методика поэтапного слияния, каскадный метод ( получения и идентификации гибридом к минорным антигенам)
serum in agar technique — метод агаровой сыворотки ( метод предварительной концентрации и очистки серотипов вирионов)
Sewell's technique — метод Сьюэлла (количественный иммунодиффузионный метод определения оптимальных соотношений антиген-антитело)
single radial immunodiffusion technique — метод простой радиальной иммунодиффузии, метод Манчини
skin chamber technique — метод Ребака, метод «кожных окошек» (метод количественной оценки реакции кожной гиперчувствительности на аллерген, путём определения хемотаксической активности клеток, мигрировавших на покровном стекле из участка скарификации)
skin window technique — метод Ребака, метод «кожных окошек» (метод количественной оценки реакции кожной гиперчувствительности на аллерген, путём определения хемотаксической активности клеток, мигрировавших на покровном стекле из участка скарификации)
solid-phase antigen luminescence technique — твердофазный люминесцентный анализ с ( меченым) антигеном
Southern blotting technique — блоттинг-метод по Саузерну, Саузерн-блоттинг (метод определения фрагмента ДНК, содержащего искомый ген, путём гибридизации разделённых электрофорезом фрагментов с радиоактивным зондом)
spin, cool and filter technique — метод центрифугирования и фильтрации на холоде ( способ получения безлейкоцитарного препарата эритроцитов)
spleen colony technique — метод селезёночных колоний, метод Тилла и Мак-Куллоха
spot-agar plaque technique — метод бляшкообразования в агаре ( реакция нейтрализации вируса в клеточной культуре)
suiciding technique — метод «самоубийства» (метод массовой гибели активнопролиферирующих клеток путём добавления в культуру этих клеток избытка радиоактивного тимидина)
Svendsen's immunoelectrophoretic technique — метод слитного ракетного иммуноэлектрофореза, метод Свендсена
three-basin plate technique — метод триплетных [трёхлуночных] планшетов ( метод сравнительного иммунодиффузионного анализа по Оухтерлони)
two pulse technique — метод «двух стимулов», метод Медавара ( метод приготовления антилимфоцитарной антисыворотки)
Wang's microimmunofluorescence technique — иммунофлуоресцентный микрометод Вэнга ( для определения антихламидийных антител)
Weber-Osborn electrophoretic technique — метод электрофореза по Веберу и Осборну ( в непрерывной системе буферов)
Western blotting technique — вестерн-блоттинг (метод определения искомого белка в сложной белковой смеси путём гибридизации разделённых электрофорезом белков с меченым зондом, напр. антителом)
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30 SBC
1) Компьютерная техника: Scsi Bus Controller3) Военный термин: single burst, correcting, spaceborne computer, submarine broadcast coordinator4) Техника: SCSI-3 block commands, side beams clutter, space borne computer, standard buried collector, steam bypass control5) Шутливое выражение: Silly Buggers Club, Southern Bigot Convention, Spanish Butt Crack, Spurs Become Champions7) Религия: Southern Baptist Convention8) Юридический термин: Statutes Of British Columbia, Switch Bait Crooks9) Автомобильный термин: Sensotronic Brake Control (Krokodil)10) Грубое выражение: Same Bull Crap, Scream Bitch Complain, Shit Bastard Cunts, Shitty Bullshit Cock, Slow Butt Cracks, Some Bitch Company, Some Bullshit Company, Stupid Bell Company11) Оптика: Soleil-Babinet compensator12) Телекоммуникации: Singapore Broadcasting Corporation13) Сокращение: Single Board Computer, Small Bobbin Core, Small Business Council, Sonic Boom Committee14) Университет: Students For Black Culture15) Физиология: Skin The Body Cooler16) Вычислительная техника: одноплатный компьютер, Smart Bitrate Control (DivX, Video, BIT), SCSI Block Commands (SAM)17) Транспорт: Single Bound Crew18) Фирменный знак: SAKURA BLOSSOM Cafe, Southwest Bell Communications, Southwestern Bell Communications, Southwestern Bell Corporation, Steroids Buyers Club20) Сетевые технологии: Smart Bitrate Control, single-board computer21) Пластмассы: Styrene- Butadiene Copolymer22) Химическое оружие: small burials contractor [obsolete - now NSSC]23) Обогащение: корзиночная центрифуга, фильтрующая центрифуга, центрифуга-грохот, screen bowl centrifuge, screen-bowl centrifuge24) Макаров: standard buried-collector, standard buried-collector structure25) Безопасность: Sub Band Coding26) NYSE. SBC Communications, Inc. -
31 sbc
1) Компьютерная техника: Scsi Bus Controller3) Военный термин: single burst, correcting, spaceborne computer, submarine broadcast coordinator4) Техника: SCSI-3 block commands, side beams clutter, space borne computer, standard buried collector, steam bypass control5) Шутливое выражение: Silly Buggers Club, Southern Bigot Convention, Spanish Butt Crack, Spurs Become Champions7) Религия: Southern Baptist Convention8) Юридический термин: Statutes Of British Columbia, Switch Bait Crooks9) Автомобильный термин: Sensotronic Brake Control (Krokodil)10) Грубое выражение: Same Bull Crap, Scream Bitch Complain, Shit Bastard Cunts, Shitty Bullshit Cock, Slow Butt Cracks, Some Bitch Company, Some Bullshit Company, Stupid Bell Company11) Оптика: Soleil-Babinet compensator12) Телекоммуникации: Singapore Broadcasting Corporation13) Сокращение: Single Board Computer, Small Bobbin Core, Small Business Council, Sonic Boom Committee14) Университет: Students For Black Culture15) Физиология: Skin The Body Cooler16) Вычислительная техника: одноплатный компьютер, Smart Bitrate Control (DivX, Video, BIT), SCSI Block Commands (SAM)17) Транспорт: Single Bound Crew18) Фирменный знак: SAKURA BLOSSOM Cafe, Southwest Bell Communications, Southwestern Bell Communications, Southwestern Bell Corporation, Steroids Buyers Club20) Сетевые технологии: Smart Bitrate Control, single-board computer21) Пластмассы: Styrene- Butadiene Copolymer22) Химическое оружие: small burials contractor [obsolete - now NSSC]23) Обогащение: корзиночная центрифуга, фильтрующая центрифуга, центрифуга-грохот, screen bowl centrifuge, screen-bowl centrifuge24) Макаров: standard buried-collector, standard buried-collector structure25) Безопасность: Sub Band Coding26) NYSE. SBC Communications, Inc. -
32 Sellers, William
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 September 1824 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USAd. 24 January 1905 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]William Sellers was educated at a private school that had been established by his father and other relatives for their children, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed for seven years to the machinist's trade with his uncle. At the end of his apprenticeship in 1845 he took charge of the machine shop of Fairbanks, Bancroft \& Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1848 he established his own factory manufacturing machine tools and mill gearing in Philadelphia, where he was soon joined by Edward Bancroft, the firm becoming Bancroft \& Sellers. After Bancroft's death the name was changed in 1856 to William Sellers \& Co. and Sellers served as President until the end of his life. His machine tools were characterized by their robust construction and absence of decorative embellishments. In 1868 he formed the Edgemoor Iron Company, of which he was President. This company supplied the structural ironwork for the Centennial Exhibition buildings and much of the material for the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1873 he reorganized the William Butcher Steel Works, renaming it the Midvale Steel Company, and under his presidency it became a leader in the production of heavy ordnance. It was at the Midvale Steel Company that Frederick W. Taylor began, with the encouragement of Sellers, his experiments on cutting tools.In 1860 Sellers obtained the American rights of the patent for the Giffard injector for feeding steam boilers. He later invented his own improvements to the injector, which numbered among his many other patents, most of which related to machine tools. Probably Sellers's most important contribution to the engineering industry was his proposal for a system of screw threads made in 1864 and later adopted as the American national standard.Sellers was a founder member in 1880 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was also a member of many other learned societies in America and other countries, including, in Britain, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Iron and Steel Institute.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. President, Franklin Institute 1864–7.Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (describes Sellers's work on machine tools).Bruce Sinclair, 1969, "At the turn of a screw: William Sellers, the Franklin Institute, and a standard American thread", Technology and Culture 10:20–34 (describes his work on screw threads).RTS -
33 medium
agar-gelled medium — агаризованная.среда
agar-hardened medium — агаризованная.среда
agarized medium — агаризованная.среда
agar-solidified medium — агаризованная.среда
basal medium — базальная [основная] среда
basic medium — основная [базальная] среда
complete nutrient medium — полная питательная среда (минимальная среда для выращивания клеток с добавлением питательных веществ)
complex organic medium — комплексная [сложная] органическая среда
deficient medium — неполноценная [недостаточная] среда
growth-promoting medium — среда, стимулирующая рост
maintenance medium — среда для поддержания (роста клеток, тканей в культуре), поддерживающая среда
minimal nutrient medium — минимальная питательная среда (содержит лишь вещества, необходимые для роста клеток)
plating medium — среда для пластинчатых разводов, среда для чашек Петри
Англо-русский терминологический перечень по культуре тканей растений > medium
-
34 cultural
adjective culturalcultural adj cultural
cultural adjetivo cultural; bajo nivel cultural low standard of general education
cultural adjetivo cultural ' cultural' also found in these entries: Spanish: acervo - bagaje - concejalía - consejería - desarraigar - desnivel - granada - granado - instituto - involución - legar - legado - ministra - ministro - nivel - patrimonio - Unesco - velada - ambiente - herencia - manifestación - movida - turismo English: cement - cultural - cultural exchange - culture shock - intercultural - culture - further - heritage - UNESCOtr['kʌlʧərəl]1 culturalcultural ['kʌlʧərəl] adj: cultural♦ culturally advadj.• cultural adj.'kʌltʃərəladjective cultural['kʌltʃǝrǝl]1.ADJ cultural2.CPDcultural attaché N — agregado(-a) m / f cultural
* * *['kʌltʃərəl]adjective cultural -
35 right
1) право ( суб'єктивне); праводомагання; справедлива вимога; привілей; права сторона2) правильний; належний; правомірний, справедливий; правий ( у політичному сенсі); реакційний3) відновлювати ( справедливість); виправляти(ся)4) направо•right a wrong done to the person — виправляти шкоду, заподіяну особі
right not to answer any questions that might produce evidence against an accused — право не давати відповідей (не відповідати) на будь-які запитання, що можуть бути використані як свідчення проти обвинуваченого
right not to fulfill one's own obligations — право не виконувати свої зобов'язання ( у зв'язку з невиконанням своїх зобов'язань іншою стороною)
right of a state to request the recall of a foreign envoy as persona non grata — право держави вимагати відкликання іноземного представника як персони нон грата
right of citizens to use their native language in court — право громадян виступати в суді рідною мовою
right of every state to dispose of its wealth and its national resources — право кожної держави розпоряджатися своїми багатствами і природними ресурсами
right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work — право кожної людини на отримання можливості заробляти собі на прожиття власною працею
right of legislative initiative — право законодавчої ініціативи, право законодавства
right of nations to free and independent development — право народів на вільний і незалежний розвиток
right of nations to self-determination up to and including separation as a state — право націй на самовизначення аж до державного відокремлення
right of nations to sovereignty over their natural resources — право націй на суверенітет над своїми природними ресурсами
right of parents to choose their children's education — право батьків на вибір виду освіти для своїх неповнолітніх дітей
right of reception and mission of diplomatic envoys — право приймати і призначати дипломатичних представників
right of representation and performance — право на публічне виконання (п'єси, музичного твору)
right of the accused to have adequate time, facilities and assistance for his defence — = right of the accused to have adequate time, facilities and assistance for his defense право обвинуваченого мати достатньо часу, можливостей і допомоги для свого захисту
right of the accused to have adequate time, facilities and assistance for his defense — = right of the accused to have adequate time, facilities and assistance for his defence
right of the child to live before birth from the moment of conception — право дитини на життя до її народження з моменту зачаття
right of unhindered communication with the authorities of the appointing state — право безперешкодних зносин із властями своєї держави
right to a counsel from the time that an accused is taken into custody — право на адвоката з часу арешту (зняття під варту) обвинуваченого
right to arrange meetings, processions and picketing — право на мітинги, демонстрації і пікетування
right to be confronted with witness — право очної ставки із свідком захисту, право конфронтації ( право обвинуваченого на очну ставку із свідком захисту)
right to be represented by counsel — право бути представленим адвокатом, право на представництво через адвоката
right to choose among a variety of products in a marketplace free from control by one or a few sellers — право вибирати продукцію на ринку, вільному від контролю одного чи кількох продавців
right to choose between speech and silence — право самому визначати, чи говорити, чи мовчати
right to compensation for the loss of earnings resulting from an injury at work — право на відшкодування за втрату заробітку ( або працездатності) внаслідок каліцтва на роботі, право отримати компенсацію за втрату джерела прибутку внаслідок виробничої травми
right to conduct confidential communications — право здійснювати конфіденційне спілкування, право конфіденційного спілкування ( адвоката з клієнтом тощо)
right to diplomatic relations with other countries — право на дипломатичні відносини з іншими країнами
right to do with one's body as one pleases — право робити з своїм тілом все, що завгодно
right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress — право на користування досягненнями наукового прогресу
right to freedom from torture and other inhuman forms of treatment — право на свободу від тортур і інших форм негуманного поводження
right to gather and publish information or opinions without governmental control or fear of punishment — право збирати і публікувати інформацію або думки без втручання держави і страху бути покараним
right to lease or sell the airspace above the property — право здавати в оренду або продавати повітряний простір над своєю власністю
right to leave any country, including one's own, and to return to one's country — право залишати будь-яку країну, включаючи свою власну, і повертатися до своєї країни
right to material security in (case of) disability — право на матеріальне забезпечення у випадку втрати працездатності
right to material security in (case of) sickness — право на матеріальне забезпечення у випадку захворювання
right to possession, enjoyment and disposal — право на володіння, користування і розпорядження
right to safety from product-related hazards — право на безпеку від шкоди, яку може бути заподіяно товаром
right to terminate pregnancy through an abortion — право припиняти вагітність шляхом здійснення аборту
right to the protection of moral and material interests — право на захист моральних і матеріальних інтересів
right to use one's own language — право на свою власну мову; право спілкуватися своєю власною мовою
right to visit one's children regularly — право відвідувати регулярно дітей ( про одного з розлученого подружжя)
right of a person to control the distribution of information about himself — = right of a person to control the distribution of information about herself право особи контролювати поширення інформації про себе
right of a person to control the distribution of information about herself — = right of a person to control the distribution of information about himself
right of states to self-defence — = right of states to self-defense право держав на самооборону
right of states to self-defense — = right of states to self-defence
right of the accused to counsel — = right of the accused to legal advice право обвинуваченого на адвоката (захисника) ( або на захист)
right of the accused to legal advice — = right of the accused to counsel
right to collective self-defence — = right to collective self-defense право на колективну самооборону
right to collective self-defense — = right to collective self-defence
right to collective self-defence — = right to collective self-defense право на колективну самооборону
right to collective self-defense — = right to collective self-defence
right to consult with one's attorney — = right to consult with one's lawyer право отримувати юридичну допомогу від (свого) адвоката, право на консультацію з адвокатом
right to consult with one's lawyer — = right to consult with one's attorney
right to control the work of the administration — = right to control the work of the managerial staff право контролю (діяльності) адміністрації ( підприємства)
right to control the work of the managerial staff — = right to control the work of the administration
right to individual self-defence — = right to individual self-defense право на індивідуальну самооборону
right to individual self-defense — = right to individual self-defence
right to obtain documents essential for an adequate defence — = right to obtain documents essential for an adequate defense право отримувати документи, необхідні для належного захисту
right to obtain documents essential for an adequate defense — = right to obtain documents essential for an adequate defence
right to regulate news agencies — = right to regulate news organizations право регулювати діяльність інформаційних агентств
- right a wrong doneright to regulate news organizations — = right to regulate news agencies
- right at law
- Right-Centrist
- right extremism
- right extremist
- right-hand man
- right-holder
- right in action
- right in gross
- right in personam
- right in rem
- right not to belong to a union
- right of a trial by jury
- right of abode
- right of access
- right of access to courts
- right of access to court
- right of action
- right of angary
- right of appeal
- right of approach
- right of appropriation
- right of assembly
- right of asylum
- right of audience
- right of authorship
- right of birth
- right of blood
- right of chapel
- right of choice
- right of common
- right of concurrent user
- right of conscience
- right of contribution
- right of correction
- right of court
- right of denunciation
- right of detention
- right of dissent
- right of divorce
- right of eminent domain
- right of enjoyment
- right of entry
- right of equal protection
- right of establishment
- right of existence
- right of expatriation
- right of expectancy
- right of feud
- right of first refusal
- right of fishery
- right of free access
- right of hot pursuit
- right of individual petition
- right of innocent passage
- right of intercourse
- right of intervention
- right of joint use
- right of jurisdiction
- right of legal entity
- right of legation
- right of light
- right of membership
- right of military service
- right of mortgage
- right of navigation
- right of operative management
- right of ownership
- right of passage
- right of patent
- right of personal security
- right of petition
- right of place
- right of political asylum
- right of possession
- right of pre-emption
- right of primogeniture
- right of prior use
- right of priority
- right of privacy
- right of private property
- right of property
- right of protest
- right of publicity
- right of pursuit
- right of re-election
- right of recourse
- right of recovery
- right of redemption
- right of regress
- right of relief
- right of remuneration
- right of reply
- right of representation
- right of reprisal
- right of reproduction
- right of rescission
- right of retaliation
- right of retention
- right of sanctuary
- right of search
- right of secrecy
- right of self-determination
- right of self-preservation
- right of settlement
- right of silence
- right of suit
- right of taking game
- right of the individual
- right of the owner
- right of the people
- right of the state
- right of transit
- right of translation
- right of visit
- right of visit and search
- right of water
- right of way
- right of withdrawal
- right on name
- right oneself
- right the oppressed
- right to a building
- right to a counsel
- right to a dual citizenship
- right to a fair trial
- right to a flag
- right to a hearing
- right to a nationality
- right to a piece of land
- right to a reasonable bail
- right to a speedy trial
- right to a trial by jury
- right to act independently
- right to administer property
- right to adopt children
- right to aid of counsel
- right to air
- right to an abortion
- right to an effective remedy
- right to annul laws
- right to appeal
- right to appoint judges
- right to assemble peaceably
- right to assistance of counsel
- right to attend
- right to bail
- right to bargain collectively
- right to be confronted
- right to be heard
- right to be presumed innocent
- right to be represented
- right to bear arms
- right to bear fire-arms
- right to become president
- right to begin
- right to belong to a union
- right to burn national flag
- right to carry a firearm
- right to carry arms
- right to carry fire-arms
- right to challenge a candidate
- right to challenge a juror
- right to change allegiance
- right to choose
- right to choose one's religion
- right to coin money
- right to collective bargaining
- right to compensation
- right to consult an attorney
- right to counsel
- right to criticism
- right to cultural autonomy
- right to damages
- right to declare war
- right to designate one's hairs
- right to die
- right to divorce
- right to earn a living
- right to education
- right to elect and be elected
- right to emigrate
- right to end pregnancy
- right to enjoy one's benefits
- right to enter a country
- right to exact payment
- right to expel a trespasser
- right to express ones' views
- right to expropriate
- right to fish
- right to fly a maritime flag
- right to found a family
- right to frame a constitution
- right to free education
- right to free medical services
- right to freedom
- right to freedom from torture
- right to freedom of expression
- right to freedom of residence
- right to freedom of speech
- right to health
- right to hold a public office
- right to hold property
- right to housing
- right to human dignity
- right to immediate release
- right to impose taxes
- right to impose taxes
- right to independence
- right to inherit
- right to initiate legislation
- right to inspection
- right to interpret laws
- right to intervene
- right to introduce legislation
- right to join an association
- right to jury trial
- right to keep and bear arms
- right to keep arms
- right to possess firearms
- right to kill
- right to land
- right to lease
- right to legal equality
- right to legal representation
- right to legislate
- right to levy taxes
- right to liberty
- right to life
- right to make a decision
- right to make a will
- right to make treaties
- right to manage
- right to maternity leave
- right to medical care
- right to national autonomy
- right to neutrality
- right to nullify laws
- right to one's own culture
- right to oppose
- right to organize unions
- right to ownership of property
- right to personal security
- right to picket
- right to possess firearms
- right to practice law
- right to present witnesses
- right to privacy
- right to private property
- right to property
- right to protection
- right to public trial
- right to publish expression
- right to punish a child
- right to real estate
- right to recall
- right to recover
- right to redeem
- right to redress
- right to regulate trade
- right to remain silent
- right to remarry
- right to rest
- right to rest and leisure
- right to retain counsel
- right to return to work
- right to safety
- right to secede
- right to secede from the USSR
- right to secession
- right to security
- right to security of person
- right to seek elective office
- right to seek pardon
- right to seek refund
- right to self-determination
- right to self-expression
- right to self-government
- right to sell
- right to silence
- right to social insurance
- right to social security
- right to speak
- right to stop a prosecution
- right to strike
- right to sublet
- right to subpoena witness
- right to sue
- right to take water
- right to tariff reduction
- right to tax exemption
- right to terminate a contract
- right to terminate pregnancy
- right to the name
- right to the office
- right to the patent
- right to the voice
- right to think freely
- right to transfer property
- right to travel
- right to treasure trove
- right to trial by jury
- right to use
- right to use firearms
- right to use force
- right to use water
- right to veto
- right to will property
- right to work
- right of defence
- right of defense
- right to collect revenues
- right to collect taxes
- right to exist
- right to existence
- right to issue decrees
- right to issue edicts
- right to labor
- right to labour
- right to self-defence
- right to self-defense
- right to set penalties
- right to set punishment -
36 Pasteur, Louis
[br]b. 27 December 1822 Dole, Franced. 28 September 1895 Paris, France[br]French chemist, founder of stereochemistry, developer of microbiology and immunology, and exponent of the germ theory of disease.[br]Sustained by the family tanning business in Dole, near the Swiss border, Pasteur's school career was undistinguished, sufficing to gain him entry into the teacher-training college in Paris, the Ecole Normale, There the chemical lectures by the great organic chemist J.B.A.Dumas (1800–84) fired Pasteur's enthusiasm for chemistry which never left him. Pasteur's first research, carried out at the Ecole, was into tartaric acid and resulted in the discovery of its two optically active forms resulting from dissymmetrical forms of their molecules. This led to the development of stereochemistry. Next, an interest in alcoholic fermentation, first as Professor of Chemistry at Lille University in 1854 and then back at the Ecole from 1857, led him to deny the possibility of spontaneous generation of animal life. Doubt had previously been cast on this, but it was Pasteur's classic research that finally established that the putrefaction of broth or the fermentation of sugar could not occur spontaneously in sterile conditions, and could only be caused by airborne micro-organisms. As a result, he introduced pasteurization or brief, moderate heating to kill pathogens in milk, wine and other foods. The suppuration of wounds was regarded as a similar process, leading Lister to apply Pasteur's principles to revolutionize surgery. In 1860, Pasteur himself decided to turn to medical research. His first study again had important industrial implications, for the silk industry was badly affected by diseases of the silkworm. After prolonged and careful investigation, Pasteur found ways of dealing with the two main infections. In 1868, however, he had a stroke, which prevented him from active carrying out experimentation and restricted him to directing research, which actually was more congenial to him. Success with disease in larger animals came slowly. In 1879 he observed that a chicken treated with a weakened culture of chicken-cholera bacillus would not develop symptoms of the disease when treated with an active culture. He compared this result with Jenner's vaccination against smallpox and decided to search for a vaccine against the cattle disease anthrax. In May 1881 he staged a demonstration which clearly showed the success of his new vaccine. Pasteur's next success, finding a vaccine which could protect against and treat rabies, made him world famous, especially after a person was cured in 1885. In recognition of his work, the Pasteur Institute was set up in Paris by public subscription and opened in 1888. Pasteur's genius transcended the boundaries between science, medicine and technology, and his achievements have had significant consequences for all three fields.[br]BibliographyPasteur published over 500 books, monographs and scientific papers, reproduced in the magnificent Oeuvres de Pasteur, 1922–39, ed. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, 7 vols, Paris.Further ReadingP.Vallery-Radot, 1900, La vie de Louis Pasteur, Paris: Hachette; 1958, Louis Pasteur. A Great Life in Brief, English trans., New York (the standard biography).E.Duclaux, 1896, Pasteur: Histoire d ' un esprit, Paris; 1920, English trans., Philadelphia (perceptive on the development of Pasteur's thought in relation to contemporary science).R.Dobos, 1950, Louis Pasteur, Free Lance of Science, Boston, Mass.; 1955, French trans.LRD -
37 Philosophy
And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive ScienceIn the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- ControlIn his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy
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38 культурный
прил.
1) cultural улучшать материальное положение и культурный уровень ≈ to raise the standard of welfare and culture культурные и общественные учреждения ≈ cultural and public-service institutions материальный и культурный уровень жизни ≈ the people's living and cultural standards мн. культурные навыки ≈ civilized habits культурный фронт ≈ cultural front культурный центр ≈ cultural centre
2) (находящийся на высоком уровне культуры) cultured, cultivated, civilized;
educated (образованный) ;
polite, well-bred (хорошо воспитанный)
3) с.-х. cultured, cultivatedcultural ;
cultured, civilized ;
polite, well-bred ;Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > культурный
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39 market
1. сущ.1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)COMBS:
It is cheaper to buy vegetables from the market than from a shop. — Овощи дешевле покупать на рынке, чем в магазине.
Syn:marketplace 1), bazaar 1)See:2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)to place [to put\] goods on the market, to bring goods to market — предлагать товар к продаже
In 1930 the first home laundry machine and refrigerator were put on the market. — В 1930 г. на рынке появилась первая бытовая стиральная машина и холодильник.
ATTRIBUTES [structure\]: actual 1. 1), auction 1. 1), call 1. 1), n6б, captive 1. 1), n4, classical 1. 3), concentrated 1. 1) а), continuous 1. 1) а), first 2. 3) а), forward 1. 1), n4, fourth, imperfect 1. 1), б, inside 2. 1) а), intermediate 2. 2) а), inverted 1. 3), monopolistic, oligopolistic, one-sided 1. 3), one-way 2. 4) а), open outcry, outcry, over-the-counter 2. 1) а), over-the-telephone, parallel 2. 1) а), perfect 1. 1), n2б, pitching, physical 2. 1) а), public 1. 1), n4, pure 1. 1) а), retail 2. 1) а), screen-based, second 1. 1), n2, sideways 2. 6) а), spot 2. 1) а), third 2. 3) а), wholesale 2. 1) а)
ATTRIBUTES [legality\]: administered 1), bear 1. 2), black 1. 3) а), blocked 1. 2) а), controlled, democratic 1), formal 1. 1) а), free 1. 1) а), informal 1), б, illicit, kerb, organized 1), в, overt 1. 2) а), regulated, rigged 1. 2) а)
See:CHILD [product\]: product market, financial market, services market, political market, pollution permit market, related markets CHILD [structure\]: actual market 2), 3), aftermarket 1), auction market, call market, carrying market, cash market, 1), 1), continuous market, double auction market, double-auction market, first market, forward market, fourth market, imperfect market, inside market 2), inter-dealer market, intermediate market, inverted market, monopolistic market, non-exchange market, off-board market, oligopolistic market, one-sided market, one-way market, open outcry market, OTC market, outcry market, 2), over-the-counter market, over-the-counter securities market, over-the-telephone market, parallel market, perfect market, physical market, public market 2), pure market, retail market, screen-based market, second market, spot market, street market 1), third market, upstairs market 2), wholesale market CHILD [legality\]: administered market, bear market 2), black market 1) а), blocked market, closed market, controlled market, formal market, free market, free and open market, informal market, grey market 1) а), illicit market, kerb market, organized market, price-making market, regulated market 1) а), rigged market, self-regulated market, access to market, market access, market disruption, inside market 1), 1), market-determined price3)а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)COMBS:
The European market for this product is estimated at $10 billions during next 5 years. — По оценкам, объем европейского рынка этого продукта будет равен 10 млрд долл. в течение ближайших пяти лет.
ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), assured 1. 2), brisk 1. 1), business 1. 4) а), commercial 1. 1), consumer 1. 1), consumers, customer 1. 1), dealer 1. 1), б, enterprise 1. 2) а), government 1. 7) а), heavy user, industrial 1. 1), а, institutional 1. 1), а, manufacturing 2. 1) а), organizational, personal 1. 2) а), potential, producer 1. 1), professional 1. 1), promising, ready 1. 1), reseller, trade 1. 2), world 2. 1) а)
See:actual market 1), assured market, brisk market, business market, commercial market, consumer market, consumers market, consumers' market, customer market, dealer market, enterprise market, government market, heavy-user market, industrial market, institutional market, large-volume market, manufacturing market, organizational market, personal market 1), potential market 1) б), producer market, professional market, promising market, ready market, reseller market, trade market, world market 2) б)б) эк. потребителиATTRIBUTES: brand-loyal, control 3. 1), conventional 3. 2), core 2. 2), exploratory, intended, main 1. 1), mass 3. 1), personal 3. 2), potential, primary 2. 2), n2, principal 2. 2), n1, prospective, target 3. 1), test 3. 1), traditional
Syn:See:brand-loyal market, control market, conventional market, core market, exploratory market, intended market, main market 2), personal market 2), potential market 2) а), primary market 2), principal market 1) а), prospective market, target market, test market, traditional market, market acceptance, market attritionв) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)ATTRIBUTES: colonial, domestic 2) а), export 3. 2) а), external 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) а), global 1. 1) а), home 2. 2) а), internal 1. 2) а), international 1. 1) а), dispersed, distant 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), nation-wide, nationwide, overseas 1. 2) а), regional, scattered 1. 1) а), world 2. 1) а), world-wide
Syn:See:colonial market, domestic market 1), export market, external market 1), foreign market 1), global market, home market, internal market 1), 2), international market, dispersed market, distant market, local market, national market, nation-wide market, overseas market, regional market, scattered market, world market 1), worldwide market, new-to-market, old-to-marketг) марк. = market segmentATTRIBUTES:
ATTRIBUTES: concentrated 1) а), craft 1. 1) а), demographic, downscale 1. 2) а), heterogeneous, homogeneous, high-income, low-end, metro, metropolitan, middle-aged, middle-class, mid-range, military, rural, specialized, specialty, silver 2. 3) а), upscale 1. 2) а), youth 2. 4) а)
See:black market 2), 2), craft market, demographic market, downmarket, down-market, downscale market, heterogeneous market, homogeneous market, high-income market, low-end market, lower end of the market, middle-aged market, middle-class market, mid-range market, military market 2) б), specialized market, specialty market, silver market 1) б), upscale market, youth market4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 3), advancing, bid 1. 3), bear 1. 2), barren 1. 3), broad 1. 1), bull 1. 2), close II 2. 3) в), competitive II 2. 2) а), complete 1. 2), confident II 2. 1) а), congested, contango, contestable, crossed II 2. 2) а), crowded II 2. 1) а), а, dead 1. 2), declining, deep II 2. 2) а), depressed II 2. 2) а), б, differentiated, dull II 2. 1) а), efficient II 2. 1) а), б, emerging, established II 2. 1) а), expanding, falling, fast II 1. 2) а), fertile II 2. 1) а), firm I 1. 1) а), flat I 2. 4) а), graveyard, growing 1. 1), growth II 2. 1) а), heavy II 2. 1) а), inactive II 2. 2) а), increasing, jumpy II 2. 1) а), б, languid II 2. 2) а), limited II 2. 1) а), liquid I 2. 6) а), locked II 2. 2) а), lucrative, mature 1. 2), narrow 1. 1), nervous I 2. 5) б), normal I 1. 5) б), offered, overstocked II 2. 1) а), а, pegged I 1. 3) б), present I 2. 2) б), price-sensitive, productive I 1. 3) б), profitable II 2. 1) а), protected, recession-hit, restricted II 2. 1) а), restrictive II 2. 1) а), rising, sagging I 2. 2) б), saturated I 1. 3) б), seller II 2. 1) а), а, selective I 2. 5) б), sensitive I 2. 4) б), short 1. 1), shrinking, slack I 2. 2) б), sluggish II 2. 2) а), soft I 2. 4) б), sold-out, stable I 2. 1) б), stagnant II 2. 1) а), static I 2. 2) б), steady 1. 1), stiff 1. 1), б, strong II 2. 2) а), technically strong, technically weak, tight I 2. 4) б), wide II 2. 1) а)
See:active market, advancing market, bid market, bear market 1), Big Emerging Markets, broad market, bull market, buyers' market, close market, competitive market, complete market, contango market, contestable market, crossed market, crowded market, dead market, declining market, deep market, depressed market, differentiated market, dull market, efficient market, emerging market, established market, expanding market, fast market, fertile market, firm market, flat market, growing market, inactive market, jumpy market, languid market, lemons market, limited market, liquid market, locked market, lucrative market, market of lemons, mature market, narrow market, normal market, offered market, overstocked market, pegged market, present market, price-sensitive market, productive market, profitable market, protected market, recession-hit market, restricted market, restrictive market, rising market, sagging market, saturated market, sellers market, seller's market, sellers' market, selective market, sensitive market, short market, shrinking market, slack market, sluggish market, soft market, sold-out market, stable market, stagnant market, static market, steady market, stiff market, strong market, technically strong market, technically weak market, tight market, wide market5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)See:7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)ATTRIBUTES: common 1) а), single 2) а)
See:common market, single market, Andean Common Market, Arab Common Market, Central American Common Market, Central American Common Market, common market, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa2. гл.1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространятьto receive approval from X agency to market the product — получить разрешение от органа Х на распространение продукта
2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигатьE-mail is recognized as the easiest and cheapest way to market your organization, your programs, and your issues. — Электронная почта считается самым легким и недорогим способом продвижения [рекламирования\] вашей организации, ваших программ и вашей работы.
See:3. прил.1) эк. рыночныйAnt:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)See:market activity 1), market behaviour 2), market capitalism, 1), market competition, market conduct, market discipline, market economy, market exchange, market fundamentalism, market ideology, market mechanism, market mode of coordination, market order of worth, market political culture, market sector 3), market socialism, market system, market transactionSee:market absorption, market acceptance, market activity 2), market appraisal, market area, market attractiveness, market attrition, market audience, market basket, market behaviour 1), market breadth, market break, market breakdown, market cap, market capacity, market capitalization, market challenger, 2), market clearance 2), market clearing, market communications, market composition, market concentration, market condition, market conditions 2), market coverage, market decline, market definition, market demand, market depth, market disequilibrium, market dominance, market dynamics, market equilibrium, market expectation, market expectations, market failure, market focus, market follower, market form, market glut, market grade, 1), market growth, market homogeneity, market interest rate, market intermediary, market jitters, market leader, market leadership, market level 2), market maker, market making, market needs, market nicher, market organization, market out, market participant, market partnership, market pattern, market position, market potential, market power, market presence, market pressure, market price, market profile, market quality 2), market quotation, market rate, market rate of interest, market range, market reaction, market requirements, market resistance, market response, market return, market satisfaction, market saturation, market segment, market selection, market sensitivity, market sentiment, market share, market situation 1), market size, market stability, market standard, market standing, market structure, market supply, market tone, market trader, market trend, market undertone, market user, market value, market value added, market volume, market weight 2) Market EyeSee:market analysis, market analyst, market approach, market arbitrage, market audit, market average, market barrier, market build-up, market channel, market clearance 1), market closing, market conditions 1), market conversion price, market cycle, market data, market development, market discount, market entry, market evidence, market exit, market expansion, market experiment, market exploration, market exposure, market factor, market fluctuation, market fluctuations, market forces, market forecast, market forecasting, 2), market hours, market incentive, market index, market indicator, market information, market inroad, market intelligence, market interface, market investigation, market letter, market level 1), market liquidity, market manager, market mapping, market matching, market maximization, market model, market modification, market movement, market multiple, market niche, market node, market opening, market opportunity, market order, market orientation, market outlet, market penetration, market performance, market period, market plan, market planning, market portfolio, market positioning, market prognosis, market ratio, market report, market research, market researcher, market reversal, market review, market risk, market rollout, market sector 1), &2, market segmentation, market selectivity, market sharing, market signal, market situation 2), market skimming, market specialist, market specialization, market stimulant, market strategy, market study, market survey, market sweep, market target, market targeting, market test, market testing, market timer, market timing2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)market fish — товарная рыба, рыба для продажи
market stock — товарный скот, скот для продажи
market vegetables — товарные овощи, овощи для продажи
Syn:marketable 3)See:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)
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market; Mkt; mart 1) рынок: организованная или неформальная система торговли товарами, услугами или финансовыми инструментами на основе четких правил (напр., фондовая биржа); 2) рыночные цены, состояние конъюнктуры; 3) совокупность людей или юридических лиц, предъявляющих текущий или потенциальный спрос на товары услуги; равнозначно спросу; 4) основные участники финансового рынка: дилеры, торгующие за свой счет, посредники и покупатели; 5) = marketplace; 6) рынок как столкновение спроса и предложения покупателей и продавцов, в результате которого определяется цена товара; 7) (to) продавать; см. marketing; 8) = market value; 9) "The Market"= Dow Jones Industrial Average.* * *рынок; рыночное хозяйство; рыночная экономика; рыночный механизм; спрос; конъюнктура. Как правило, употребляется применительно к фондовому рынку. 'Сегодня рынок упал' означает, что в этот день стоимость сделок на фондовом рынке снизилась . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *организованное собрание/встреча людей, на которой происходит торговля ценными бумагами-----территория, на которой встречаются продавцы и покупатели, чтобы обменяться тем, что представляет ценность-----конъюнктурный обзор; бюллетень о состоянии рынка -
40 SAC
1) Общая лексика: стратегическое военное командование (ВВС США)2) Компьютерная техника: Singapore Apple Collaboration, Software Assigned Controller, Stand Alone Console, satellite access center3) Американизм: School Aged Children, Small Agency Council, System Administrators Council4) Спорт: Sports Advisory Committee5) Военный термин: Scenario Aircraft Converter, School of Army Cooperation, Scientific Advisory Committee, Senate Appropriations Committee, Senior Advisory Council, Senior Aircraftman, Sense Alter Control, Shipbuilding Advisory Council, Standing Armaments Committee, Strike Air Command, Supreme Allied Command, Supreme Allied Commander, Survive And Continue, scene-of-action commander, secondary accountability center, secondary address code, security assistance, semiautomatic coding, service application code, signal analysis course, single address code, special agent in charge, special area code, special authorization card, standard aircraft characteristics, stock accounting center, strategic alert cadre, supply availability card, supporting arms coordinator, surface action commander, ВГК, Стратегическое авиационное командование, верховный главнокомандующий6) Техника: satellite communications, sectional area curve, sequential arming circuit, systems automation corp.7) Шутливое выражение: Seriously Amusing Cat8) Химия: Strong Acid Cation9) Математика: Symbolic and Algebraic Computation10) Религия: Student Ambassadors for Christ, Submitting All To Christ11) Метеорология: Surface Air Consumption12) Бухгалтерия: Same As Cash13) Ветеринария: Scottish Agricultural Colleges14) Грубое выражение: Sorry Ass Clan15) Телекоммуникации: Subscriber Acquisition Cost, Single Attachment Concentrator (FDDI), (subscribor aquisition cost) стоимость приобретения одного абонента, затраты на приобретение одного абонента (subscriber acquisition costs)16) Сокращение: Scene of Action Commander, Self-Adaptive Channelizer (UK), Senate Appropriations Committee (USA), Senior Aircraftsman, Shaanxi Aircraft Co. (China), Shenyang Aircraft Corp. (China), Small Arms Collimator, Space Activities Commission, Special Advisory Committee, Strategic Air Command (USA), Systems Acquisition Career (USA), sprayed acoustical ceiling, Special Area Code (represent services, not places)17) Университет: Scottish Agricultural College, Social Activities Club, Student Action Committee, Student Activities Committee, Student Activities Council, Student Activity Center, Student Assignment Center, Students Administrative Council, Summer Arts Center18) Физиология: Sacral19) Электроника: Smoothed Active Contour20) Вычислительная техника: Service / Special Area Code, Special Area Code (Telephony, represent services, not places), Strategic Air Command (US military), Strict Avalanche Criterion (Verschluesselung)21) Иммунология: splenic accessory cells, splenic adherent cells22) Космонавтика: Space Applications Centre (Ahmedabad, India), Space Activities Commission (Japan)23) Фирменный знак: Shapley Ames Catalog24) Экология: КНК, Консультативный научный комитет25) Деловая лексика: Superintendents Advisory Council26) Образование: Scholastic Achievement Council, School Adventure Club, School Advisory Committee, School Advisory Council, School Assessed Coursework, Sense Alter And Control, Standards Aligned Classroom, Student Activity Club, Student Activity Council, Students Activities Council, Students Against Corruption27) Сетевые технологии: Session Admission Control, концентратор с одинарным подключением28) Океанография: Seismic Analysis Code, Special Analysis Center29) Химическое оружие: Science Advisory Council30) Почвоведение: почвенный поглощающий комплекс31) Безопасность: Secure Authenticated Communication, Security Access Console, Slovak Antivirus Center32) Расширение файла: Single Attachment Concentrator33) Военно-политический термин: Strategic Air Command34) Электротехника: solid aluminum conductor35) Общественная организация: Salvation Army Corps, Student Advocacy Center36) Должность: Social Action Coordinator, Society And Culture37) Аэропорты: Sacramento Executive Airport, Sacramento, California USA38) Программное обеспечение: Simple Api For Css39) Музеи: Sussex Archaeological Collections
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