plērumquē

fătŭus, a, um, adj. [root fa, cf. for; properly, garrulous], foolish, silly, simple (class.; syn.: stultus, stolidus, insipiens, desipiens, stupidus, hebes, ineptus, insulsus, absurdus).

Adj.: ego me ipsum stultum existimo, fatuum esse non opinor, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 10, 246:

stulti, stolidi. fatui, fungi, bardi, blenni, buccones,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 2:

fatuus est, insulsus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 49:

non modo nequam et improbus, sed etiam fatuus et amens es,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

monitor,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 99: homo, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 274:

puer,

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 3:

nisi plane fatui sint,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 70:

mores,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 18.—

Poet. transf.

Insipid, tasteless, of food: ut sapiant fatuae, fabrorum prandia, betae, Mart. 13, 13.—

Awkward, clumsy, unwieldy:

illa bipennem Insulsam et fatuam dextra tenebat,

Juv. 6, 658.—

Subst.: fătŭus, i, m., and fătŭa, ae, f., a fool, simpleton, a jester, buffoon.

In gen., one who acts foolishly:

paene ecfregisti, fatue, foribus cardines,

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 6; Cat. 83, 2; Juv. 9, 8.—

Esp., kept by Romans of rank for their amusement:

Harpasten, uxoris meae fatuam, scis hereditarium onus in domo mea remansisse... si quando fatuo delectari volo, me rideo,

Sen. Ep. 50, 2; Lampr. Comm. 4, 3.—Hence, fătŭe, adv., foolishly, absurdly:

plerumque studio loquendi fatue modo accedendum,

Quint. 6, 4, 8 dub. (Spald. and Zumpt, fatui); Tert. adv. Herm. 10; id. de Pat. 6. —Hence,

Fātŭus, i. m., another name for the prophesying Faunus; also called Fātŭ-ellus; while his sister, Fauna, who prophesied to females, was also called Fātŭa and Fātŭella, Lact. 1, 22, 9; Arn. 5, 18; Macr. S. 1, 12; Mart. Cap. 2, § 167; Just. 43, 1; Plin. 27, 12, 83, § 117 (dub.; Jan. fatuos).

fervĕo, bŭi, 2, or fervo, vi, 3 (the latter form ante-and post-class., Plaut. Pseud. 3, 2, 51; Lucr. 2, 41 al.; poet. in class. per., e.g. Verg. G. 1, 456; id. A. 8, 677; Prop. 2, 8, 32;

not in Hor.: si quis antiquos secutus fervĕre brevi media syllaba dicat, deprehendatur vitiose loqui, etc.,

Quint. 1, 6, 7), v. n. [root phru-, to wave, flicker; Sanscr. bhur-, be restless; cf. phrear, Germ. Brunnen, Lat. fretum; v. Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 140; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 304], to be boiling hot, to boil, ferment, glow (class.; most freq. in poets.; syn.: calere, aestuare, ebullire, ardescere, ignescere; ardere, flagrare, tepere).

Lit.

Form ferveo:

cum aliqua jam parte mustum excoctum in se fervebit,

Col. 12, 19, 5:

quaecumque immundis fervent allata popinis,

steam, smoke, Hor. S. 2, 4, 62:

bacas bullire facies: et ubi diu ferbuerint,

Pall. Jan. 19:

exemptusque testa, Qua modo ferbuerat Lyaeus,

Stat. S. 4, 5, 16:

stomachus domini fervet vino,

Juv. 5, 49.—

Form fervo: fervit aqua et fervet: fervit nunc, fervet ad annum, Lucil. ap. Quint. 1, 6, 8: quando (ahenum) fervit, Titin. ap. Non. 503, 5: facite ut ignis fervat, Pomp. ap. Non. 504, 27:

postea ferve bene facito (brassicam): ubi ferverit, in catinum indito,

Cato, R. R. 157, 9:

sol fervit,

is hot, Gell. 2, 29, 10.—

In an uncertain form;

ferventem,

Plin. 32, 5, 18, § 51:

fervere,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 83.—

Poet. transf.

To boil up, foam, rage:

omne Excitat (turbo) ingenti sonitu mare, fervĕre cogens,

Lucr. 6, 442:

omnia tunc pariter vento nimbisque videbis Ferĕre,

Verg. G. 1, 456.—

To be in a ferment, to swarm with numbers; to come forth in great numbers, to swarm forth: fervĕre piratis vastarique omnia circum, Varr. ap. Non. 503, 22:

Marte Fervĕre Leucaten,

Verg. A. 8, 677; cf.:

opere omnis semita fervet... Quosque dabas gemitus, cum litora fervĕre late Prospiceres,

id. ib. 4, 407 sq.:

fora litibus omnia fervent,

Mart. 2, 64, 7:

forte tuas legiones per loca campi fervere cum videas,

Lucr. 2, 41:

fervere classem,

id. 2, 47; Att. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 78 Müll. (Trag. v. 483 Rib.):

fervent examina putri De bove,

Ov. F. 1, 379; Val. Fl. 6, 588; Sil. 6, 317; 9, 243 al.—

Trop., to burn or glow, to be heated, inflamed or agitated, to rage, rave.

Form ferveo:

usque eo fervet efferturque avaritia, ut, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf.:

fervet avaritiā miseroque cupidine pectus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 33:

et fervent multo linguaque corque mero,

Ov. F. 2, 732:

animus tumida fervebat ab ira,

id. M. 2, 602:

fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore,

rages, Hor. C. 4, 2, 7: fervet opus redolentque thymo fragrantia mella, glows, i. e. is carried on briskly, Verg. G. 4, 169; Lucil. Aetna, 167:

inter vos libertorumque cohortem Pugna fervet,

Juv. 5, 29:

equus cui plurima palma fervet,

shines, id. 8, 59.— Poet., with inf.: sceptrumque capessere fervet, burns, i. e. eagerly desires, Claud. ap. Ruf. 2, 295:

stagna secare,

id. B. Gild. 350.—

Form fervo: heu cor irā fervit caecum, amentiā rapior ferorque, Att. ap. Non. 503, 7; cf.:

cum fervit maxime,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 18 (Prisc. p. 866 P.): hoc nunc fervit animus, hoc volo, Afran. ap. Non. 503, 9:

domus haec fervit flagiti,

Pomp. ib. 8:

se fervere caede Lacaenae,

Val. Fl. 7, 150; cf.:

hostem fervere caede novā,

Verg. A. 9, 693.— Pass. impers.: quanta vociferatione fervitur! Afran. ap. Non. 505, 25.— Hence, fervens, entis, P. a., boiling hot, glowing, burning.

Lit.:

foculi,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 67:

aqua,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67; cf.:

ferventissima aqua,

Col. 12, 50, 21: ferventes fusili ex argilla glandes, * Caes. B. G. 5, 43, 1:

rotae,

swift, Sil. 2, 199; cf. Ov. P. 1, 8, 68:

aurum,

shining, Mart. 10, 74, 6:

in cinere ferventi leniter decoquere,

Plin. 25, 8, 50, § 90:

saxa vapore,

Lucr. 1, 491:

cera,

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 127:

dictamnum fervens et acre gustu,

id. 25, 8, 53, § 92:

horae diei,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 189:

vulnus,

smoking, warm, Ov. M. 4, 120:

ferventia caedibus arva,

Sil. 9, 483:

(fluvius) Spumeus et fervens,

raging, Ov. M. 3, 571:

vultus modesto sanguine,

glowing, blushing, Juv. 10, 300.— Subst.:

si ferventia os intus exusserint,

Plin. 30, 4, 9, § 27.—

Transf., of sound, hissing:

(sono) resultante in duris, fervente in umidis,

Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 193.—

Trop., hot, heated, inflamed, impetuous:

fortis animus et magnus in homine non perfecto nec sapiente ferventior plerumque est,

too ardent and impetuous, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46: ferventes latrones, violent, furious, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3:

quale fuit Cassi rapido ferventius amni Ingenium,

impetuous, Hor. S. 1, 10, 62:

meum Fervens difficili bile tumet jecur,

id. C. 1, 13, 4:

fervens ira oculis,

sparkling, Ov. M. 8, 466:

mero fervens,

drunken, Juv. 3, 283.— Sup.:

in re ferventissima friges,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21.— Hence, adv.: ferventer, hotly, warmly: ferventer loqui, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2; cf.:

ferventissime concerpi,

id. ib. 8, 6, 5:

ferventius,

Aug. de Genes. ad Lit. 2, 5.

fēto ( foet-), āre, v. n. and a. [2. fetus] (post-Aug.).

Neutr., to bring forth, breed, hatch:

in quibus (paludibus) plerumque fetant (anates),

Col. 8, 15, 7:

silvestres gallinae,

id. 8, 8, 12: cf. ib. § 8.—

Act., to make fruitful, fructify, impregnate:

feminas,

Aug. de Cons. Evang. 1, 25:

armenta,

id. Civ. D. 5, 7 al.

faenus (less correctly fēn-, not foen-; cf. in the foll.), ŏris, n. [fe-, feo; cf.: faenum, femina, etc.; therefore, lit., what is produced; hence].

Prop., the proceeds of capital lent out, interest (cf.: usura, versura): faenerator, sicuti M. Varro in libro tertio de Sermone Latino scripsit, a faenore est nominatus. Faenus autem dictum a fetu, et quasi a fetura quadam pecuniae parientis atque increscentis, Varr. ap. Gell. 16, 12, 7 sq., and ap. Non. 54, 5 sq.; cf.: faenus et faeneratores et lex de credita pecunia fenebris a fetu dicta, quod crediti nummi alios pariant, ut apud Graecos eadem res tokos dicitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 86 Müll.: cf.: faenum (so it should read, instead of faenus) appellatur naturalis terrae fetus;

ob quam causam et nummorum fetus faenus est vocatum et de ea re leges fenebres,

id. p. 94:

idem pecunias his faenori dabat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170:

pecuniam faenore accipere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: Scaptius centesimis, renovato in singulos annos faenore, contentus non fuit,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

faenus ex triente Idib. Quint. factum erat bessibus,

id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

iniquissimo faenore versuram facere,

id. ib. 16, 15, 5:

Graeci solvent tolerabili faenore,

id. ib. 6, 1, 16:

pecuniam occupare grandi faenore,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

dives positis in faenore nummis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 13; id. A. P. 421:

faenore omni solutus,

id. Epod. 2, 4.—

Transf.

Capital lent on interest (very rare):

argenti faenus creditum,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 101:

faenus et impendium recusare,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4.—

Meton., that lent to the soil, i. e. the seed:

quam bona fide terra creditum faenus reddit!

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 155.—

Gain, profit, advantage: terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium, nec unquam sine usura reddit quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum faenore, Cic. de Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

semina, quae magno faenore reddat ager,

Tib. 2, 6, 22; and:

cum quinquagesimo faenore messes reddit eximia fertilitas soli,

Plin. 18, 17, 47, § 162:

saepe venit magno faenore tardus amor,

Prop. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

at mihi, quod vivo detraxerit invida turba, Post obitum duplici faenore reddet Honos,

id. 3 (4), 1, 22.

fēto ( foet-), āre, v. n. and a. [2. fetus] (post-Aug.).

Neutr., to bring forth, breed, hatch:

in quibus (paludibus) plerumque fetant (anates),

Col. 8, 15, 7:

silvestres gallinae,

id. 8, 8, 12: cf. ib. § 8.—

Act., to make fruitful, fructify, impregnate:

feminas,

Aug. de Cons. Evang. 1, 25:

armenta,

id. Civ. D. 5, 7 al.

fortūna, ae (archaic gen. sing. fortunas, like familias, escas, vias, etc., Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.), f. [lengthened from fors; cf. Nep-tunus, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 434], chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune (good or ill; syn.: casus, fors; fatum, providentia).

In gen.:

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? quo modo ergo id, quod temere fit caeco casu et volubilitate fortunae, praesentiri et praedici potest?

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15:

si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem: quid est tandem quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? Nihil enim est tam contrarium rationi et constantiae quam fortuna: ut mihi ne in deum quidem cadere videatur, ut sciat, quid casu et fortuito futurum sit. Si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est: est autem fortuna: rerum igitur fortuitarum nulla praesensio est, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 7, 18 sq.:

sed haec fortuna viderit, quoniam ratio non gubernat,

id. Att. 14, 11, 1:

vir ad casum fortunamque felix,

id. Font. 15 fin.:

si tot sunt in corpore bona, tot extra corpus in casu atque fortuna... plus fortunam quam consilium valere,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

(bona) posita non tam in consiliis nostris quam in fortunae temeritate,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

adversante fortuna,

id. Rep. 2, 16 fin.; id. Mur. 31, 64:

quorum ego causa timidius me fortunae committebam,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

id. Pis. 10, 22: secundam fortunam pulcherrime: adversam aeque ferre, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6; cf.:

prospera adversave fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

spoliatam fortunam conferre cum florente fortuna,

id. Pis. 16, 38:

integra fortuna (opp. afflicta),

id. Sull. 31 fin.:

florentissima (opp. durior),

id. Att. 10, 4, 4:

non praecipua, sed par cum ceteris fortunae condicio,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

optima,

id. ib. 3, 17 fin.:

rei publicae fortuna fatalis,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1; id. B. G. 1, 36, 3:

se suas civitatisque fortunas ejus fidei permissurum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3 fin. (cf. II. B. 1. fin. infra.).—Prov.:

fortuna miserrima tuta est,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 31:

fortuna meliores sequitur,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 15 (Dietsch): fortuna cum blanditur, captatum venit, Publ. Syr. 167 (Rib.): fortes fortuna adjuvat; v. fortis, II. A. fin. —

Personified: Fortuna, the goddess of fate, luck, or fortune, Fortune: He. Respice me. Er. Fortuna quod nec facit nec faciet me jubes, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 54:

nequiquam tibi Fortuna faculam lucrifica adlucere volt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 47:

quo in genere vel maxime est Fortuna numeranda,

Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 61:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61:

saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 126:

Fortunae fanum antiquum (Syracusis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Fortunae in gremio sedens,

id. Div. 2, 41, 85 sq.:

bona Fortuna,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3 fin.:

Malam Fortunam in aedis te adduxi meas,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 17:

mala Fortuna,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 3, 25, 63: Fors Fortuna;

v. fors: Fortunae filius,

child of fortune, fortune's favorite, Hor. S. 2, 6, 49; v. filius.

In partic.

Without secunda or adversa, either good luck or ill luck, according to the context.

For fortuna secunda, good luck, good fortune, prosperity:

reliquum est, ut de felicitate pauca dicamus... Maximo, Marcello, Scipioni... non solum propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam saepius imperia mandata,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

judicium hoc omnium mortalium est, fortunam a deo petendam,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

diuturna cum fortuna,

id. Div. 1, 20, 39:

superbum se praebuit in fortuna,

id. Att. 8, 4, 1:

non solum ipsa fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

a fortuna deseri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 34, 2: fortunam habere, to succeed, Liv. 24, 34, 1:

fortunam sibi facere,

id. 39, 40, 4; cf.:

fortunam sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 78:

habendam fortunae gratiam, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73, 3:

dum fortuna fuit,

Verg. A. 3, 16:

deos precetur et oret, Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis,

Hor. A. P. 201:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te feremus,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 17:

venimus ad summum fortunae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

ut te Confestim liquidus fortunae rivus inauret,

id. ib. 1, 12, 9:

occidit Spes omnis et fortuna nostri Nominis,

id. C. 4, 4, 71.—Prov.: Fortunam citius reperias quam retineas, Publ. Syr. 168 (Rib.).—Hence,

Per fortunas, i. e. for heaven's sake, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 13, 3; 3, 20, 1.—

For fortuna adversa, ill luck, mishap, misfortune, adversity (very rare):

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62:

ut arte Emendaturus fortunam,

id. S. 2, 8, 85.—

= condicio, state, condition, circumstances, fate, lot (class.;

a favorite expression of Cicero): est autem infima condicio et fortuna servorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

in infimi generis hominum condicione atque fortuna,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

(Lampsaceni) populi Romani condicione socii, fortuna servi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81;

so corresp. to condicio,

Quint. 3, 8, 50:

Aedui queruntur fortunae commutationem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

ut non modo omnium generum, aetatum, ordinum omnes viri ac mulieres, omnis fortunae ac loci, sed, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

homines infimā fortunā,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 52:

inferiorem esse fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

spes amplificandae fortunae,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

cui cessit triplicis fortuna novissima regni,

lot, share, Ov. M. 5, 368:

Arruns Camillam Circuit et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat,

opportunity, Verg. A. 11, 761: Gallus utrum avem, an gentem, an fortunam corporis significet, bodily condition (of a eunuch), Quint. 7, 9, 2.— Plur.:

quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, abs te ut distrahar,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 23:

omnes laudare fortunas meas, qui gnatum haberem tali ingenio praeditum,

id. And. 1, 1, 71:

ejus laudare fortunas, quod qua vellet ingredi posset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 115:

et secundas fortunas amittere coactus est, et in adversis sine ullo remedio permanere,

id. Sull. 23, 66; Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 5; 6, 7, 6.—

Transf., concr., fortunae, ārum, less freq. in the sing., property, possessions, goods, fortune.

Plur.:

tum propter rei publicae calamitates omnium possessiones erant incertae: nunc deum immortalium benignitate omnium fortunae sunt certae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

bona fortunaeque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113:

pecunia fortunaeque,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

fortunas morte dimittere,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

et honore et auctoritate et fortunis facile civitatis suae princeps,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

fortunis sociorum consumptis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.:

fortunarum pericula,

Quint. 4, 2, 122.—

Sing.:

quo mihi fortuna, si non conceditur uti?

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12:

nec mea concessa est aliis fortuna,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 57:

adiri nomen invidiosae fortunae Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 60, 1 Ruhnk.:

de fortuna, qua uterque abundabat,

Quint. 6, 1, 50:

fortunam in nominibus habere,

Dig. 4, 7, 40 fin.

fortūna, ae (archaic gen. sing. fortunas, like familias, escas, vias, etc., Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.), f. [lengthened from fors; cf. Nep-tunus, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 434], chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune (good or ill; syn.: casus, fors; fatum, providentia).

In gen.:

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? quo modo ergo id, quod temere fit caeco casu et volubilitate fortunae, praesentiri et praedici potest?

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15:

si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem: quid est tandem quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? Nihil enim est tam contrarium rationi et constantiae quam fortuna: ut mihi ne in deum quidem cadere videatur, ut sciat, quid casu et fortuito futurum sit. Si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est: est autem fortuna: rerum igitur fortuitarum nulla praesensio est, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 7, 18 sq.:

sed haec fortuna viderit, quoniam ratio non gubernat,

id. Att. 14, 11, 1:

vir ad casum fortunamque felix,

id. Font. 15 fin.:

si tot sunt in corpore bona, tot extra corpus in casu atque fortuna... plus fortunam quam consilium valere,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

(bona) posita non tam in consiliis nostris quam in fortunae temeritate,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

adversante fortuna,

id. Rep. 2, 16 fin.; id. Mur. 31, 64:

quorum ego causa timidius me fortunae committebam,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

id. Pis. 10, 22: secundam fortunam pulcherrime: adversam aeque ferre, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6; cf.:

prospera adversave fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

spoliatam fortunam conferre cum florente fortuna,

id. Pis. 16, 38:

integra fortuna (opp. afflicta),

id. Sull. 31 fin.:

florentissima (opp. durior),

id. Att. 10, 4, 4:

non praecipua, sed par cum ceteris fortunae condicio,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

optima,

id. ib. 3, 17 fin.:

rei publicae fortuna fatalis,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1; id. B. G. 1, 36, 3:

se suas civitatisque fortunas ejus fidei permissurum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3 fin. (cf. II. B. 1. fin. infra.).—Prov.:

fortuna miserrima tuta est,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 31:

fortuna meliores sequitur,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 15 (Dietsch): fortuna cum blanditur, captatum venit, Publ. Syr. 167 (Rib.): fortes fortuna adjuvat; v. fortis, II. A. fin. —

Personified: Fortuna, the goddess of fate, luck, or fortune, Fortune: He. Respice me. Er. Fortuna quod nec facit nec faciet me jubes, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 54:

nequiquam tibi Fortuna faculam lucrifica adlucere volt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 47:

quo in genere vel maxime est Fortuna numeranda,

Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 61:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61:

saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 126:

Fortunae fanum antiquum (Syracusis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Fortunae in gremio sedens,

id. Div. 2, 41, 85 sq.:

bona Fortuna,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3 fin.:

Malam Fortunam in aedis te adduxi meas,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 17:

mala Fortuna,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 3, 25, 63: Fors Fortuna;

v. fors: Fortunae filius,

child of fortune, fortune's favorite, Hor. S. 2, 6, 49; v. filius.

In partic.

Without secunda or adversa, either good luck or ill luck, according to the context.

For fortuna secunda, good luck, good fortune, prosperity:

reliquum est, ut de felicitate pauca dicamus... Maximo, Marcello, Scipioni... non solum propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam saepius imperia mandata,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

judicium hoc omnium mortalium est, fortunam a deo petendam,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

diuturna cum fortuna,

id. Div. 1, 20, 39:

superbum se praebuit in fortuna,

id. Att. 8, 4, 1:

non solum ipsa fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

a fortuna deseri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 34, 2: fortunam habere, to succeed, Liv. 24, 34, 1:

fortunam sibi facere,

id. 39, 40, 4; cf.:

fortunam sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 78:

habendam fortunae gratiam, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73, 3:

dum fortuna fuit,

Verg. A. 3, 16:

deos precetur et oret, Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis,

Hor. A. P. 201:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te feremus,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 17:

venimus ad summum fortunae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

ut te Confestim liquidus fortunae rivus inauret,

id. ib. 1, 12, 9:

occidit Spes omnis et fortuna nostri Nominis,

id. C. 4, 4, 71.—Prov.: Fortunam citius reperias quam retineas, Publ. Syr. 168 (Rib.).—Hence,

Per fortunas, i. e. for heaven's sake, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 13, 3; 3, 20, 1.—

For fortuna adversa, ill luck, mishap, misfortune, adversity (very rare):

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62:

ut arte Emendaturus fortunam,

id. S. 2, 8, 85.—

= condicio, state, condition, circumstances, fate, lot (class.;

a favorite expression of Cicero): est autem infima condicio et fortuna servorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

in infimi generis hominum condicione atque fortuna,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

(Lampsaceni) populi Romani condicione socii, fortuna servi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81;

so corresp. to condicio,

Quint. 3, 8, 50:

Aedui queruntur fortunae commutationem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

ut non modo omnium generum, aetatum, ordinum omnes viri ac mulieres, omnis fortunae ac loci, sed, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

homines infimā fortunā,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 52:

inferiorem esse fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

spes amplificandae fortunae,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

cui cessit triplicis fortuna novissima regni,

lot, share, Ov. M. 5, 368:

Arruns Camillam Circuit et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat,

opportunity, Verg. A. 11, 761: Gallus utrum avem, an gentem, an fortunam corporis significet, bodily condition (of a eunuch), Quint. 7, 9, 2.— Plur.:

quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, abs te ut distrahar,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 23:

omnes laudare fortunas meas, qui gnatum haberem tali ingenio praeditum,

id. And. 1, 1, 71:

ejus laudare fortunas, quod qua vellet ingredi posset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 115:

et secundas fortunas amittere coactus est, et in adversis sine ullo remedio permanere,

id. Sull. 23, 66; Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 5; 6, 7, 6.—

Transf., concr., fortunae, ārum, less freq. in the sing., property, possessions, goods, fortune.

Plur.:

tum propter rei publicae calamitates omnium possessiones erant incertae: nunc deum immortalium benignitate omnium fortunae sunt certae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

bona fortunaeque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113:

pecunia fortunaeque,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

fortunas morte dimittere,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

et honore et auctoritate et fortunis facile civitatis suae princeps,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

fortunis sociorum consumptis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.:

fortunarum pericula,

Quint. 4, 2, 122.—

Sing.:

quo mihi fortuna, si non conceditur uti?

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12:

nec mea concessa est aliis fortuna,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 57:

adiri nomen invidiosae fortunae Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 60, 1 Ruhnk.:

de fortuna, qua uterque abundabat,

Quint. 6, 1, 50:

fortunam in nominibus habere,

Dig. 4, 7, 40 fin.

fortūna, ae (archaic gen. sing. fortunas, like familias, escas, vias, etc., Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.), f. [lengthened from fors; cf. Nep-tunus, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 434], chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune (good or ill; syn.: casus, fors; fatum, providentia).

In gen.:

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? quo modo ergo id, quod temere fit caeco casu et volubilitate fortunae, praesentiri et praedici potest?

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15:

si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem: quid est tandem quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? Nihil enim est tam contrarium rationi et constantiae quam fortuna: ut mihi ne in deum quidem cadere videatur, ut sciat, quid casu et fortuito futurum sit. Si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est: est autem fortuna: rerum igitur fortuitarum nulla praesensio est, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 7, 18 sq.:

sed haec fortuna viderit, quoniam ratio non gubernat,

id. Att. 14, 11, 1:

vir ad casum fortunamque felix,

id. Font. 15 fin.:

si tot sunt in corpore bona, tot extra corpus in casu atque fortuna... plus fortunam quam consilium valere,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

(bona) posita non tam in consiliis nostris quam in fortunae temeritate,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

adversante fortuna,

id. Rep. 2, 16 fin.; id. Mur. 31, 64:

quorum ego causa timidius me fortunae committebam,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

id. Pis. 10, 22: secundam fortunam pulcherrime: adversam aeque ferre, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6; cf.:

prospera adversave fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

spoliatam fortunam conferre cum florente fortuna,

id. Pis. 16, 38:

integra fortuna (opp. afflicta),

id. Sull. 31 fin.:

florentissima (opp. durior),

id. Att. 10, 4, 4:

non praecipua, sed par cum ceteris fortunae condicio,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

optima,

id. ib. 3, 17 fin.:

rei publicae fortuna fatalis,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1; id. B. G. 1, 36, 3:

se suas civitatisque fortunas ejus fidei permissurum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3 fin. (cf. II. B. 1. fin. infra.).—Prov.:

fortuna miserrima tuta est,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 31:

fortuna meliores sequitur,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 15 (Dietsch): fortuna cum blanditur, captatum venit, Publ. Syr. 167 (Rib.): fortes fortuna adjuvat; v. fortis, II. A. fin. —

Personified: Fortuna, the goddess of fate, luck, or fortune, Fortune: He. Respice me. Er. Fortuna quod nec facit nec faciet me jubes, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 54:

nequiquam tibi Fortuna faculam lucrifica adlucere volt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 47:

quo in genere vel maxime est Fortuna numeranda,

Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 61:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61:

saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 126:

Fortunae fanum antiquum (Syracusis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Fortunae in gremio sedens,

id. Div. 2, 41, 85 sq.:

bona Fortuna,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3 fin.:

Malam Fortunam in aedis te adduxi meas,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 17:

mala Fortuna,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 3, 25, 63: Fors Fortuna;

v. fors: Fortunae filius,

child of fortune, fortune's favorite, Hor. S. 2, 6, 49; v. filius.

In partic.

Without secunda or adversa, either good luck or ill luck, according to the context.

For fortuna secunda, good luck, good fortune, prosperity:

reliquum est, ut de felicitate pauca dicamus... Maximo, Marcello, Scipioni... non solum propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam saepius imperia mandata,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

judicium hoc omnium mortalium est, fortunam a deo petendam,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

diuturna cum fortuna,

id. Div. 1, 20, 39:

superbum se praebuit in fortuna,

id. Att. 8, 4, 1:

non solum ipsa fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

a fortuna deseri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 34, 2: fortunam habere, to succeed, Liv. 24, 34, 1:

fortunam sibi facere,

id. 39, 40, 4; cf.:

fortunam sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 78:

habendam fortunae gratiam, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73, 3:

dum fortuna fuit,

Verg. A. 3, 16:

deos precetur et oret, Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis,

Hor. A. P. 201:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te feremus,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 17:

venimus ad summum fortunae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

ut te Confestim liquidus fortunae rivus inauret,

id. ib. 1, 12, 9:

occidit Spes omnis et fortuna nostri Nominis,

id. C. 4, 4, 71.—Prov.: Fortunam citius reperias quam retineas, Publ. Syr. 168 (Rib.).—Hence,

Per fortunas, i. e. for heaven's sake, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 13, 3; 3, 20, 1.—

For fortuna adversa, ill luck, mishap, misfortune, adversity (very rare):

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62:

ut arte Emendaturus fortunam,

id. S. 2, 8, 85.—

= condicio, state, condition, circumstances, fate, lot (class.;

a favorite expression of Cicero): est autem infima condicio et fortuna servorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

in infimi generis hominum condicione atque fortuna,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

(Lampsaceni) populi Romani condicione socii, fortuna servi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81;

so corresp. to condicio,

Quint. 3, 8, 50:

Aedui queruntur fortunae commutationem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

ut non modo omnium generum, aetatum, ordinum omnes viri ac mulieres, omnis fortunae ac loci, sed, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

homines infimā fortunā,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 52:

inferiorem esse fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

spes amplificandae fortunae,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

cui cessit triplicis fortuna novissima regni,

lot, share, Ov. M. 5, 368:

Arruns Camillam Circuit et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat,

opportunity, Verg. A. 11, 761: Gallus utrum avem, an gentem, an fortunam corporis significet, bodily condition (of a eunuch), Quint. 7, 9, 2.— Plur.:

quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, abs te ut distrahar,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 23:

omnes laudare fortunas meas, qui gnatum haberem tali ingenio praeditum,

id. And. 1, 1, 71:

ejus laudare fortunas, quod qua vellet ingredi posset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 115:

et secundas fortunas amittere coactus est, et in adversis sine ullo remedio permanere,

id. Sull. 23, 66; Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 5; 6, 7, 6.—

Transf., concr., fortunae, ārum, less freq. in the sing., property, possessions, goods, fortune.

Plur.:

tum propter rei publicae calamitates omnium possessiones erant incertae: nunc deum immortalium benignitate omnium fortunae sunt certae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

bona fortunaeque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113:

pecunia fortunaeque,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

fortunas morte dimittere,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

et honore et auctoritate et fortunis facile civitatis suae princeps,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

fortunis sociorum consumptis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.:

fortunarum pericula,

Quint. 4, 2, 122.—

Sing.:

quo mihi fortuna, si non conceditur uti?

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12:

nec mea concessa est aliis fortuna,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 57:

adiri nomen invidiosae fortunae Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 60, 1 Ruhnk.:

de fortuna, qua uterque abundabat,

Quint. 6, 1, 50:

fortunam in nominibus habere,

Dig. 4, 7, 40 fin.

frīgus, ŏris, n. [Gr. rhigos, cold, pigeô;

the connection with Lat. rĭgeo, rĭgor, is doubtful,

Curt. Gr. Etym. 353; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 451], cold, coldness, coolness (for syn. cf.: algor, gelu, rigor, glacies, pruina).

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

nec calor (mihi obsistet) nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19;

so opp. calor,

Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. Univ. 14 med.; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 35:

calidis torrescere flammis aut... rigere Frigore,

Lucr. 3, 892:

cum esset vinctus nudus in aëre, in imbri, in frigore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87:

vix in ipsis tectis frigus vitatur,

id. Fam. 16, 8, 2:

fere matutinis temporibus frigus est,

coolness, Cels. 2, 1; cf.:

frigus captabis opacum,

Verg. E. 1, 53; Hor. C. 3, 13, 10; Ov. M. 10, 129:

quae frigore sola Dormiat,

in the cold night, Tib. 1, 8, 39:

cum Appius senatum coegisset, tantum fuit frigus ut coactus sit nos dimittere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 1.—In plur.:

nec frigora quimus usurpare oculis,

Lucr. 1, 300:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

the cold, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151; cf.:

ex verna intemperie variante calores frigoraque,

Liv. 22, 2, 10:

tecta quibus frigorum vis pellitur,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13:

propter frigora... frumenta in agris matura non erant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 2:

Alpinae nives et frigora Rheni,

Verg. E. 10, 47:

Scythiae,

Ov. M. 2, 224:

Peligna,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 8:

matutina,

id. S. 2, 6, 45:

nocturna,

Liv. 40, 22, 7:

intolerabilia,

id. 21, 58, 1:

ficum frigoribus ne serito,

in cold weather, Col. 5, 10, 9:

quisquam picta colit Spartani frigora saxi,

i. e. the variegated cold marble floor, Mart. 1, 56, 5; Tac. Agr. 12; id. G. 16; Suet. Aug. 81.—

In partic. ( poet.).

The cold of winter, winter (like calor for summer;

v. calor): lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22:

ante focum, si frigus erit,

id. ib. 5, 70:

quae frigore sola dormiat,

Tib. 1, 8, 39:

per medium frigus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 5.— Plur.:

frigoribus parto agricolae plerumque fruuntur,

Verg. G. 1, 300:

frigoribus mediis,

id. E. 10, 65.—

A chill, fever:

tentatum frigore corpus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 80.—

The coldness of death, death:

et gelidos artus in leti frigore linquit,

Lucr. 3, 401:

aeternum leti,

id. 4, 924:

letale,

Ov. M. 2, 611:

supremum animae,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 20:

ast illi solvuntur frigore membra Vitaque cum gemitu fugit,

Verg. A. 12, 951 (diff. from the foll.).—

A cold shudder produced by fear:

extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra, Ingemit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 92.—

Transf., a cold region or place:

frigus non habitabile,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 51:

et quodcumque jacet sub urbe frigus,

Mart. 4, 64, 14.—

Trop. (cf. frigeo and frigidus, II.; not in Cic.).

Coldness in action, inactivity: si Parthi vos nihil calfaciunt, nos hic frigore frigescimus, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; Ov. F. 2, 856.—

A cold or frigid reception of a person or thing, esp. a discourse; coolness, coldness, indifference, disfavor (perh. not ante-Aug.):

majorum ne quis amicus Frigore te feriat,

coolness, loss of favor, Hor. S. 2, 1, 62; cf.:

Montanus Julius et amicitia Tiberii notus et frigore,

Sen. Ep. 122:

et imperitia et rusticitas et rigor et deformitas afferunt interim frigus,

Quint. 6, 1, 37; Plin. Ep. 6, 15, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 31:

illud quaestionum et argumentorum apud corrupta judicia frigus evitant,

id. 2, 12, 6.

grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).

Lit.:

ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,

Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):

gradum facere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

tollere gradum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:

ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:

quieto et placido gradu sequi,

Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.

, on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:

ut tu es gradibus grandibus,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

citato gradu in hostem ducere,

Liv. 28, 14, 17:

concito gradu properare,

Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:

gradum celerare,

to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,

corripere,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:

addere,

Liv. 26, 9, 5:

sistere,

Verg. A. 6, 465:

sustinere,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

revocare,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

referre,

Ov. F. 5, 502:

vertere,

Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:

peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,

at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;

pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,

Veg. 1, 9:

modico gradu,

Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:

citato gradu,

id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:

per gradus,

Ov. M. 2, 354.—

Trop., a step, stage, degree:

quem mortis timuit gradum,

pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:

hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:

itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,

Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,

Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:

hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,

a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:

notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,

Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:

cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,

i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:

etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,

pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.

Transf.

In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:

obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:

de gradu libero ac stabili conari,

Liv. 34, 39, 3:

in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,

id. 8, 38, 11:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

hostes gradu demoti,

Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:

turbare ac statu movere,

id. 30, 18, 4.—

Trop., a firm position or stand:

corda virum mansere gradu,

i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:

fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,

to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:

dejectus de gradu,

id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:

gradu depulsus,

Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:

nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,

Liv. 40, 9, 3.—

That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.

Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

gradus templorum,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:

gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,

id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:

aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,

Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:

pro Palatii gradibus,

Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:

praeceps per gradus ire,

id. Calig. 35:

si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

Juv. 3, 200.—

Sing.:

cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,

Vitr. 3, 3.—

Transf., of things that rise by steps.

In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:

caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comam in gradus frangere,

id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:

coma in gradus formata,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—

In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—

In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—

Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):

ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:

Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:

quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,

aetatis,

Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:

unus gradus et una progenies,

Lact. 2, 10, 10:

nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,

Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:

a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:

qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

gradus dignitatis,

id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:

ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:

gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,

id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:

summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

a senatorio gradu longe abesse,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:

ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:

etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

gradus officiorum,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

temporum servantur gradus,

id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:

non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

gradus cognationis,

Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:

v. de gradibus,

Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:

agnationis,

Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:

si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,

Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 53:

peccatorum gradus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:

oratorum aetates et gradus,

id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:

gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,

id. ib. 82, 285:

accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;

Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,

Ov. F. 1, 605:

si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:

omnes gradus virtutis implere,

Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:

hi plerumque gradus,

Juv. 11, 46.

gusto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [gustus], to taste, to take a little of any thing (freq. and class.; cf.: libo, manduco, edo, etc.).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum biduum ita jejunus fuissem, ut ne aquam quidem gustarem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1:

leporem et gallinam et anserem gustare fas non putant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11:

gustatus sanguis,

Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52: celerius panis mandendus quam vinum [p. 832] gustandum, Cels. 4, 3:

gustare de potione,

Suet. Tit. 2:

herba subsalsa gustanti,

Plin. 21, 29, 103, § 175:

alypon acre gustatu ac lentum,

id. 27, 4, 7, § 22:

aliquid de sanguine,

Juv. 15, 92; 14, 85.—Prov.:

primis, ut dicitur, labris gustare physiologiam,

i. e. to have a superficial knowledge of, Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20.—

In partic., to take a slight meal, to take a luncheon or whet; to eat a little:

Cretes, quorum nemo gustavit umquam cubans,

Cic. Mur. 35, 74:

post solem plerumque frigida lavabatur, deinde gustabat, dormiebatque minimum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 76.—

Trop., to taste, partake of, enjoy:

gustaras civilem sanguinem vel potius exsorbueras,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

gustare partem ullam liquidae voluptatis,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 58:

quod si ipsi haec neque attingere neque sensu nostro gustare possemus, tamen, etc.,

id. Arch. 8, 17:

praecepta,

id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:

summatim rerum causas et genera ipsa,

id. ib. 2, 36, 123:

Metrodorum illum,

i. e. heard, attended for a while, id. ib. 3, 20, 75:

partem aliquam rei publicae,

id. Fam. 12, 23, 3:

sermonem alicujus,

i. e. listen to, overhear, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 15:

amorem vitae,

Lucr. 5, 179:

lucellum,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 82.

imbēcillĭtas ( inb-), ātis, f. [imbecillus], weakness, feebleness (class.; cf. infirmitas).

Of the body: Tulliae meae morbus et imbecillitas corporis me exanimat. Cic. Att. 11, 6, 4:

virium (with infirmitas laterum),

id. Brut. 55, 202:

valetudinis,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

Niciae nostri (with mollitia),

id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Suet. Gramm. 14;

with senium,

id. Calig. 44: imbecillitate Augusti [p. 889] nuntiata, i. e. indisposition, id. Tib. 11:

qui suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem, quae est maxime contraria, optendant,

Quint. 12, 10, 15:

materiae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 2.—

Transf., of condition as regards ability, powerlessness, impotency, helplessness, imbecility:

utrum propter imbecillitatem atque inopiam desiderata sit amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26; 9, 29; 32; id. Rep. 1, 25, 39; 3, 14; cf.:

humani generis imbecillitatem fragilitatemque extimescere,

id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3.—

Of the mind:

animi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 9:

ingenii,

Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1:

consilii,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

magistratuum,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 3:

fallit plerumque, quod probitas vocatur, quae est imbecillitas,

Quint. 6, 4, 12:

neque illos imbecillitatis damnandos,

Tac. A. 4, 8.

in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek en, en-tha, en-then, eis, i. e. en-s, ana; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.

With abl.

In space.

Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which):

aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra,

Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61:

alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

id. Brut. 43, 161:

qui sunt cives in eadem re publica,

id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.:

facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus,

id. ib.:

T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

in foro palam Syracusis,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15:

in via fornicata,

Liv. 22, 36:

vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

nupta in domo,

Liv. 6, 34, 9:

copias in castris continent,

in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret,

Quint. 11, 3, 130:

se ac suos in vehiculo conspici,

Liv. 5, 40, 10:

malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli,

Cic. Att. 4, 10:

sedere in solio,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 66:

Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. —

Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182:

heri aliquot adolescentuli coiimus in Piraeo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1:

navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6:

complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

caesos in Marathone ac Salamine,

Quint. 12, 10, 24:

in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—

In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.):

in his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 3:

Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas,

id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.:

in perditis et desperatis,

id. ib. 13, 56, 1:

omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis,

id. de Sen. 19, 71:

dolor in maximis malis ducitur,

id. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

justissimus unus in Teucris,

Verg. A. 2, 426:

cecidere in pugna ad duo milia... in his quatuor Romani centuriones,

Liv. 27, 12, 16:

in diis et feminae sunt,

Lact. 1, 16, 17.—

Of analogous relations of place or position:

sedere in equo,

on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10:

quid legati in equis,

id. Pis. 25, 60:

sedere in leone,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109:

in eo flumine pons erat,

on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

in herboso Apidano,

on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6:

in digitis,

on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267:

castra in limite locat,

on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50:

ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo,

on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

oleae in arbore,

Cels. 2, 24:

Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius,

among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat,

Liv. 25, 16, 7:

in juvenibus,

Quint. 11, 1, 32:

nutus in mutis pro sermone est,

id. 11, 3, 66.—Of dress, like cum, q. v.:

in veste candida,

Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3:

in calceis,

id. 24, 38, 2:

in insignibus,

id. 5, 41, 2:

in tunicis albis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13:

in Persico et vulgari habitu,

Curt. 3, 3, 4:

in lugubri veste,

id. 10, 5, 17:

in Tyriis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 297:

in Cois,

id. ib. v. 298; cf.:

homines in catenis Romam mittere,

Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. [p. 912] 5, 26, 73.—So of arms:

duas legiones in armis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395:

in armis hostis,

under arms, Ov. M. 12,65:

quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so,

in oculis provinciae,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2:

in oculis omnium,

id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt,

Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6:

Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur,

Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561):

in populorum institutis aut legibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

in Timaeo dicit,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 30:

epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2:

perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to:

in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero,

Cic. Or. 71, 234:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books:

libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt,

Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18:

quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

rem habere in manibus,

id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret,

in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4:

postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur,

Liv. 32, 24, 2:

quod ipsorum in manu sit,... bellum an pacem malint,

Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.:

inter manus),

Liv. 4, 57, 1; so,

quorum epistulas in manu teneo,

Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

in manu poculum tenens,

id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

coronati et lauream in manu tenentes,

Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.:

in animo esse,

Cic. Fam. 14, 11:

in animo habere,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

lex est ratio insita in natura,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

in memoria sedere,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus,

Luc. 1, 247:

quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello!

Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character:

erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.:

in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis,

id. Fin. 4, 41, 37:

si quid artis in medicis est,

Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.:

nibil esse in morte timendum,

Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition:

in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc.,

Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so,

quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit,

Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.:

non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant,

Liv. 30, 19, 3:

cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret,

id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).—

In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of:

feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia,

in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6:

in tempore hoc,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 24:

in hoc tempore,

Tac. A. 13, 47:

in tali tempore,

Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.:

in diebus paucis,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

in brevi spatio,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4:

in qua aetate,

Cic. Brut. 43 fin.:

in ea aetate,

Liv. 1, 57:

in omni aetate,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 9:

in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset,

Suet. Caes. 7:

qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius,

in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno):

nihil in vita se simile fecisse,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18:

in tota vita inconstans,

id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—

In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5:

spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit,

id. 2, 47:

rebellaturi,

Tac. A. 12, 50:

atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—

In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances:

sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14:

vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt,

id. ib. 5, 35, 100:

id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur,

Liv. 21, 37:

haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.,

for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—

With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in:

fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 26:

quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat,

id. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus,

in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19:

in excidenda Numantia,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76:

cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset,

id. Or. 21, 74.—

In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in:

qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent,

Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare,

id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit,

id. Clu. 8, 25.—

So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa?

Liv. 23, 9, 7:

hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

in metu,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in voluptate,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

alicui in amore esse,

beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

alicui in amoribus esse,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

res in invidia erat,

Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10:

num... Diogenem Stoicum coegit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus?

in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,

even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.—

So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat,

Curt. 5, 5, 23:

in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur,

Quint. 9, 4, 8:

agi in judiciis,

id. 11, 1, 78:

tum vos mihi essetis in consilio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

in actione... dicere,

Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an office, magistracy:

in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat,

Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1:

in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit,

Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra):

in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus,

Cic. Brut, 43, 160:

qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc.,

is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis,

id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.:

an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio,

id. Or. 61, 205:

Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis,

on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.:

et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

id. ib. 3, 5, 5;

but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc.,

in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8:

horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis,

in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.:

quod mihi in parte verum videtur,

Quint. 2, 8, 6:

patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est,

id. 5, 7, 22:

hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt,

in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

in furibus aerarii,

Sall. C. 52, 12:

Achilles talis in hoste fuit,

Verg. A. 2, 540:

in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc.,

in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15:

suspectus et in morte matris fuit,

Suet. Vit. 14:

qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes,

Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).—Of the meaning of words, etc.:

non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra,

Quint. 9, 3, 36:

aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur,

id. 9, 3, 69:

Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit,

Gell. 1, 22, 15:

stips non dicitur in significatione trunci,

Charis. 1, 18, 39:

semper in significatione ea hortus,

Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —

In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality:

cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles,

Liv. 3, 8, 9:

adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est,

id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension:

in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse,

id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174:

dum in dubiost animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10:

in integro esse,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4:

in incerto esse,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

in obvio esse,

id. 37, 23, 1:

in tuto esse,

id. 38, 4, 10; cf.:

videre te in tuto,

Cat. 30, 6:

in aequo esse,

Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44:

in expedito esse,

Curt. 4, 2, 22:

in proximo esse,

Quint. 1, 3, 4:

in aperto esse,

Sall. C. 5, 3:

in promisco esse,

Liv. 7, 17, 7:

in augusto esse,

Cels. 5, 27, 2:

in incerto haberi,

Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17:

in levi habitum,

id. H. 2, 21; cf.:

in incerto relinquere,

Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.

With acc.

In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

in Ephesum advenit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35:

in Epirum venire,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

ibo in Piraeeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piraeea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod... Piraeea scripserim, non Piraeeum, quam in quod addiderim;

non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

remigrare in domum veterem e nova,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

cum in sua rura venerunt,

id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

id. Fam. 15, 9:

in Ubios legatos mittere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum,

Sall. J. 75, 1:

Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat,

Liv. 3, 58, 1:

abire in exercitum,

Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With nuntio:

cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est,

Tac. A. 4, 56:

nuntiatur in castra,

Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.:

allatis in castra nuntiis,

Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands:

iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse,

Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into... and place there):

in crimen populo ponere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10:

ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi,

Liv. 29, 19, 7:

prius me collocavi in arborem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6:

sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to:

in caelum ascendere,

Cic. Lael. 23 fin.:

filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25:

Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso,

Ov. M. 1, 113:

in flumen deicere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—

Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat,

Cels. 2, 3:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur,

Tac. Agr. 10:

in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna,

Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With versus:

castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus,

towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.:

in Galliam versus movere,

Sall. C. 56, 4: in [p. 913] ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11:

si in urbem versus venturi erant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —

So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.):

in memoriam reducere,

Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98:

in animum inducere,

Liv. 27, 9:

in mentem venire,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

frequens imitatio transit in mores,

Quint. 1, 11, 3. —

Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam,

Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—

In time, into, till, for:

dormiet in lucem,

into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34:

statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur,

Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.:

in multam noctem luxit,

Suet. Tib. 74:

si febris in noctem augetur,

Cels. 7, 27:

dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14:

indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt,

for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8:

nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem,

for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie,

Liv. 27, 2:

qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum,

Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae,

Col. 2, 10, 17.—With usque:

neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem,

Quint. 12, 11, 20:

in illum usque diem servati,

id. 8, 3, 68:

in serum usque patente cubiculo,

Suet. Oth. 11:

regnum trahat usque in tempora fati,

Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever:

sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

res dilata est in posterum,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.:

ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe,

id. 30, 17, 1:

effugis in futurum,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.:

oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt,

Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.):

sensit miles in tempus conficta,

Tac. A. 1, 37:

ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet,

id. ib. 6, 11:

scaena in tempus structa,

id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want:

nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat,

Liv. 22, 40, 8:

rapto in diem frumento,

id. 4, 10, 1;

but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem,

i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily:

vitium in dies crescit,

Vell. 2, 5, 2:

in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto,

Cic. Att. 5, 7:

qui senescat in dies,

Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily:

nos in diem vivimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

in diem et horam,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 47;

and in horas,

hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—

In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into:

id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum,

about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.:

cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam,

towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

in liberos nostros indulgentia,

id. ib. 2, 40, 168:

de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere,

id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.:

in dominum quaeri,

to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60:

in eos impetum facere,

id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

invehi in Thebanos,

Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3:

quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse?

Liv. 7, 6, 11:

vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:

in puppim rediere rates,

Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.:

sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi,

to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B:

se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret,

Liv. 21, 42, 2:

quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore,

Tac. A. 11, 6:

haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33:

Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio,

Liv. 28, 28; so,

datae in praesidium cohortes,

Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset,

id. Att. 2, 22:

qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 12:

in utramque partem disputat,

on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.:

facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46:

cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati,

in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt,

id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit,

Liv. 5, 15, 4;

also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse,

id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.:

senatusconsultum in haec verba factum,

Liv. 30, 43, 9:

pax data Philippo in has leges est,

id. 33, 30:

Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.:

quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur,

Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26:

itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse,

id. Font. 5, 9:

extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita,

a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.:

Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium,

id. 32, 17, 2; cf.:

Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter),

Tac. A. 2, 67.—

Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect:

non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16:

neglegentior in patrem,

Just. 32, 3, 1:

in quem omnes intenderat curas,

Curt. 3, 1, 21:

quos ardere in proelia vidi,

Verg. A. 2, 347:

in bellum ardentes,

Manil. 4, 220:

nutante in fugam exercitu,

Flor. 3, 10, 4:

in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.),

Liv. 21, 43, 7:

certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent,

id. 21, 45, 4:

in id sors dejecta,

id. 21, 42, 2:

in id fide accepta,

id. 28, 17, 9:

in spem pacis solutis animis,

id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.:

ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc.,

Hor. Epod. 17, 63:

nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 16, 3:

alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi?

Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind:

in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

paratus in res novas,

Tac. H. 4, 32:

in utrumque paratus,

Verg. A. 2, 61.—

Of the result of an act or effort:

denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit,

Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret,

Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42:

portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

id. ib. 3, 533:

populum in obsequia principum formavit,

Just. 3, 2, 9:

omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat,

Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch:

commutari ex veris in falsa,

Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18:

in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est,

Curt. 3, 8, 20.—

Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere,

Liv. 39, 26, 12:

pugnaturi in gratiam ducis,

id. 28, 21, 4:

quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16:

oratio habita in sexus honorem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

convivium in honorem victoriae,

id. 11, 2, 12:

in honorem Quadratillae,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7:

in honorem tuum,

Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—

In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse;

opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

si in rem est Bacchidis,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7:

hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt,

Liv. 26, 44, 7:

cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat,

id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3:

in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.:

in duas res magnas id usui fore,

Liv. 37, 15, 7:

in hos usus,

Verg. A. 4, 647.—

To form adverbial expressions:

non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc.,

in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.:

terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

Tac. G. 5:

in universum aestimanti, etc.,

id. ib. 6:

aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere),

wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2:

in plenum dici potest, etc.,

fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217:

Marii virtutem in majus celebrare,

beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5:

aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius,

for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2:

in deterius,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in mollius,

id. ib. 14, 39:

quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus),

Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.:

aucto in barbarum cognomento,

id. H. 5, 2:

priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni,

while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2:

nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos,

so much, Verg. A. 6, 876:

in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.:

quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 24:

viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest,

Vell. 2, 43, 4:

quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

Ov. M. 11, 71:

meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus,

in all respects, Vell. 2, 13:

ut simul in omnia paremur,

Quint. 11, 3, 25:

in antecessum dare,

beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.—

Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one ' s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one ' s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.:

quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38:

ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset,

Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4:

eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem,

Quint. 6, 2, 29:

numero mihi in mentem fuit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

ecquid in mentem est tibi?

id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53:

nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 16:

quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est,

Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum [p. 914] jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108:

M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum,

put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6:

reliquos in custodiam habitos,

Tac. H. 1, 87.—So rarely with other verbs:

pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —

In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.—As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.

in (before b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants), an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. a-, an; Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

imbēcillĭtas ( inb-), ātis, f. [imbecillus], weakness, feebleness (class.; cf. infirmitas).

Of the body: Tulliae meae morbus et imbecillitas corporis me exanimat. Cic. Att. 11, 6, 4:

virium (with infirmitas laterum),

id. Brut. 55, 202:

valetudinis,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

Niciae nostri (with mollitia),

id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Suet. Gramm. 14;

with senium,

id. Calig. 44: imbecillitate Augusti [p. 889] nuntiata, i. e. indisposition, id. Tib. 11:

qui suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem, quae est maxime contraria, optendant,

Quint. 12, 10, 15:

materiae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 2.—

Transf., of condition as regards ability, powerlessness, impotency, helplessness, imbecility:

utrum propter imbecillitatem atque inopiam desiderata sit amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26; 9, 29; 32; id. Rep. 1, 25, 39; 3, 14; cf.:

humani generis imbecillitatem fragilitatemque extimescere,

id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3.—

Of the mind:

animi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 9:

ingenii,

Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1:

consilii,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

magistratuum,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 3:

fallit plerumque, quod probitas vocatur, quae est imbecillitas,

Quint. 6, 4, 12:

neque illos imbecillitatis damnandos,

Tac. A. 4, 8.

ingĕnĭum, ii, n. [in-geno, from gigno], innate or natural quality, nature.

In gen. (so mostly poet.; in Sall. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): pro ingenio ego me liberum esse ratus sum, pro imperio tuo tibi servire aequom censeo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22: ite in frundiferos locos Ingenio arbusta ubi nata sunt, non obsita, by their own nature, Naev. ap. Non. 323, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 28 Rib.); so,

loci,

Sall. H. 3, 18 Dietsch:

locorum hominumque ingenia,

Liv. 28, 12, 11; Tac. A. 6, 41; id. H. 1, 51; Flor. 2, 6, 16 al.:

terrae,

Liv. 37, 54, 21:

montis,

Tac. H. 2, 4; cf.:

campi suopte ingenio humentes,

id. ib. 5, 14:

arvorum,

Verg. G. 2, 177;

and, portūs,

Sil. 14, 283:

arbores sui cujusque ingenii poma ferunt,

Col. 3, 1, 2:

lactis ingenia et proprietates,

Gell. 12, 1, 14:

ingenium velox igni, Sev. Aetn. 214: crines ingenio suo flexi,

naturally, Petr. 126:

ut magistratus imperio suo vehemens mansueto permitteretur ingenio,

Liv. 2, 30, 4; cf.:

cum honesta suopte ingenio peterentur,

in consequence of its own nature, Tac. A. 3, 26:

mitis ingenio,

id. ib. 6, 15:

cunctator ingenio,

id. ib. 15, 1:

ingenio trux,

id. H. 1, 21.—

Rarely of beasts: mitior ad feras bestias, praecipitia ingenia sortitas,

Curt. 8, 1, 35.—

In partic., of persons.

Natural disposition, temper, mode of thinking, character, bent, inclination:

feci ego ingenium meum,

have acted out, Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 2:

ita ingenium meumst,

id. Am. 3, 2, 18:

ut ingenium est omnium hominum ab labore proclive ad lubidinem,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

liberale,

id. ib. 4, 5, 59:

pium ac pudicum,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 77:

durum atque inexorabile,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 12:

inhumanum,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 41:

lene in liberos,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99:

utinam nunc matrescam ingenio,

Pac. Con. Rel. v. 139 Rib. (1 Rib., maturescam):

mobile,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 22:

cicur et mansuetum,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 91 Müll.:

inverecundum animi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 45, 83: vera loqui etsi meum ingenium non moneret. Liv. 3, 68, 9:

ingenio suo vivere,

id. 3, 36, 1: redire ad ingenium, to return to one ' s natural bent, to one ' s old courses, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46:

Volscis levatis metu suum rediit ingenium,

Liv. 2, 22, 3: quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt, id. 1, 9, 16:

vanum dictatoris,

id. 1, 27, 1:

mitis ingenii juvenem,

id. 1, 46, 4:

Turni ferox,

id. 1, 51, 7:

temperare suum,

to control his temper, id. 8, 36, 5:

horrida,

Curt. 4, 6, 3:

molliora,

id. 5, 6, 18:

humana,

id. 5, 10, 13:

felix,

Sen. Ep. 95, 36:

rapax,

id. ad Helv. 17, 4:

atrox,

Tac. A. 4, 50:

procax,

id. H. 3, 32: ingenium ingeni, in Plautus, signifies peculiarity of disposition, Stich. 1, 2, 69.—

Concr. collect.:

tanto corruptius iter immixtis histrionibus et spadonum gregibus et cetero Neronianae aulae ingenio,

the people who gave character to the court, Tac. H. 2, 71.—

With respect to intelligence.

Natural capacity, talents, parts, abilities, genius:

docilitas, memoria, quae fere appellantur uno ingenii nomine,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13, 36:

ingenium ad fingendum,

id. Font. 14, 30:

excellens ac singulare,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 298:

vir acerrimo ingenio,

id. Or. 5, 18:

cujus tanta vis ingenii est, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 299:

tardum,

id. ib. 2, 27, 117:

acutum aut retusum,

id. de Div. 1, 36, 72:

eximium,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

praestantissimum,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 51:

magnum,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

illustre,

id. Cael. 1, 1:

oratorium,

Tac. Dial. 10:

pulcherrimum et maximum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 12, 4:

hebetatum, fractum, contusum,

id. ib. 8, 14, 9:

celeres ingenii motus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 113:

ingenii acies,

id. ib. 3, 5, 20:

ingenii lumen,

id. Brut. 15, 59:

ingenii vis,

id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

ingenii vena,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 9:

ingenii vigor,

Ov. M. 8, 254:

ingenii celeritas,

Nep. Eum. 1:

ingenii docilitas,

id. Att. 1:

ingenio abundare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 1:

ingenio valere,

Quint. 1, 8, 8:

ingenio divino esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:

ingenio hebeti esse,

id. Phil. 10, 8, 17:

in eo ingenium ejus elucere videbatis,

id. Cael. 19, 45:

colere et imbuere ingenium artibus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 16:

acuere,

Quint. 1, 4, 7:

alere,

id. 1, 8, 8:

exercere multiplici variāque materiā,

id. 2, 4, 20:

versabatur in hoc nostro studio cum ingenio,

with cleverness, Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 2; so,

cum ingenio,

Dig. 1, 16, 9:

ingenii memoria immortalis est,

Sen. Polyb. 18, 2.— Plur.:

acutiora ingenia et ad intellegendum aptiora eorum, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 42:

aliae (partes agrorum) quae acuta ingenia gignant, aliae quae retusa,

intellects, id. Div. 1, 36, 79 fin. —

Transf.

A genius, i. e. a man of genius, a clever, ingenious person:

excepi voluntatem tam excellens ingenium fuisse in civitate,

Cic. Brut. 40, 147; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2; Liv. 41, 4, 3:

nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit,

Sen. Tranq. An. 17, 10. — Plur.:

ut saepe summa ingenia in occulto latent,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 62:

decora,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

magna,

id. H. 1, 1:

nostra (i. e. oratores,

id. Dial. 1; id. Agr. 2; Sen. Ep. 2, 1; id. ad Polyb. 27, 1:

candidissimus omnium magnorum ingeniorum aestimator Livius,

id. Suas. 6, 22:

ingenia et artes vel maxime fovit,

Suet. Vesp. 18; id. Aug. 89:

id in magnis animis ingeniisque plerumque contingit,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 74.—

Of things, an invention, a clever thought:

exquisita ingenia cenarum,

Plin. Pan. 49, 7; cf. Tac. H. 3, 28:

noctium suarum ingenia (= flagitiosae libidinis inventiones),

voluptuous inventions, id. A. 16, 20.

in-gĕro, gessi, gestum, 3, v. a. ( imper. inger for ingere, Cat. 27, 2), to carry, pour, throw, or put into, in, or upon a place.

Lit.

In gen.:

aquam ingere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24:

ligna foco,

Tib. 2, 1, 22:

quicquid vini oleique erat, oribus ingerebatur,

Curt. 7, 5, 7:

e puteis aquam in salinas,

Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81.—

Esp.

Ingerere se, to betake one ' s self or rush to any place:

ubi confertissimos hostes pugnare conspexisset, eo se semper ingerebat,

Just. 11, 14, 5:

se morti obviam,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1032; cf.: se oculis, to offer one ' s self to, Just. 18, 7, 9:

sese periclis,

Sil. 10, 5.—

To inflict upon, execute, apply:

supplicia,

Sen. Med. 461:

pugnos alicui in ventrem,

to deal blows, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 95: verbera, Curt. 6, 11, 8:

manus capiti,

Sen. Ep. 99 med. —

Of weapons, to press upon, thrust into:

ensem viris,

Val. Fl. 6, 230:

hastas in tergum fugientibus,

Verg. A. 9, 763:

saxa in subeuntes,

Liv. 2, 65, 4:

sagittas et jacula,

id. 36, 18, 5:

missilia in propugnantes,

Curt. 4, 3, 15; 4, 4, 13.—

To bring, give, or present to one:

saginandis anseribus polentae duas partes, et furfuris quatuor ingerunt,

Pall. 1, 30:

mihi nova pocula,

Nemes. Cyneg. 5.— Absol.:

aqua frigida ingesta sistitur sanguis,

administered internally, Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 40.—

To bring, throw, heap, or put upon a person or thing:

ut Cassandreus, saucius ingestā contumuleris humo,

Ov. Ib. 460:

vasta giganteis ingesta est insula membris,

id. M. 5, 346:

adeps pastillis ingestus,

Plin. 30, 13, 38, § 112:

stercus vitibus,

Col. 2, 16, 8:

summis ingestum montibus Aepy,

Stat. Th. 4, 180:

facies ingesta sopori,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 81:

ingesta vincula unguibus,

id. B. Gild. 365:

supplicia,

Sen. Med. 461. —

Trop.

In gen., of language.

To pour forth, to pour out against:

convicia alicui,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 12:

contumelias,

Tac. A. 1, 39:

vocis verborumque quantum voletis,

Liv. 3, 68, 4. —

To mention, repeat, keep saying:

auctorem suum ingerit et inculcat,

Sen. Ben. 1, 12:

ingerebat lentissima voce, Carpe, Carpe,

Petr. 36; Sen. Ben. 7, 22, 2:

omnia mala ingerebat,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 17:

voces quae plerumque verae et graves coram ingerebantur,

Tac. A. 4, 42:

a tribunis eadem ingerebantur,

id. H. 4, 78.—

In partic.

To obtrude, press, or force upon one:

ne recusanti quidem amicitiam suam ingerere destitit,

Suet. Vit. Hor. p. 297 Roth:

nomina liberis,

Tac. Or. 7; cf. id. A. 1, 72:

filium filiamque orbis senibus,

Petr. 140:

omnia imperia recusanti,

Just. 6, 8:

ingerebat iste Artemidorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69:

his se ingerit (Fortuna),

presses her favors, Juv. 6, 609:

veritatis tanta vis est ut nemo... qui non videat ingerentem se oculis divinam claritatem,

Lact. 1, 5, 2:

nomen patris patriae a populo saepius ingestum repudiavit,

pressed upon him, Tac. A. 1, 72.—

To heap up:

scelus sceleri,

Sen. Thyest. 731.

inter-lūcĕo, luxi, 2, v. n., to shine or glitter forth at intervals (class.).

Lit.:

duos soles visos, et noctu interluxisse,

Liv. 29, 14, 3:

quia terrena quaedam animalia plerumque interlucent (in amber),

Tac. G. 45, 4; Sol. 20, 3.—

Trop.

To be manifest, plainly visible:

loci interlucent,

Auct. Her. 3, 19, 31:

quibus inter gradus dignitatis et fortunae aliquid interlucet,

by which the degrees of dignity and fortune are distinguished, Liv. 1, 42, 4.—

To be capable of being seen through (thin of substance or few in number), to be transparent:

interlucet corona (militum),

Verg. A. 9, 508:

acies,

Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; Veg. Mil. 3, 14.

languĕo, ēre, 2, v. n. [root lag-; Gr. lagaros, lagnos, lewd; Lat. laxare, lactes; cf. Sanscr. lang-a, prostitute; Gr. lagôs, hare, lagones, the flanks, womb], to be faint, weary, languid (cf.: languesco, marceo, torpeo).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum de via languerem,

was fatigued with my journey, Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

per assiduos motus languere,

to be wearied, Ov. H. 18, 161.— Poet.:

flos languet,

droops, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 46; Val. Fl. 7, 24 al.:

languet aequor,

the sea is calm, Mart. 10, 30, 12:

lunae languet jubar,

is enfeebled, obscured, Stat. Th. 12, 305.—

In partic., to be weak, faint, languid from disease ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

languent mea membra,

Tib. 3, 5, 28:

tristi languebunt corpora morbo,

Verg. G. 4, 252:

sub natalem suum plerumque languebat,

Suet. Aug. 81: si te languere audierimus, Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.:

ego langui et aegrotavi per dies,

Vulg. Dan. 8, 27; Luc. 7, 10; cf. languesco.—

Trop., to be languid, dull, heavy, inactive, listless:

languet juventus, nec perinde atque debebat in laudis et gloriae cupiditate versatur,

Cic. Pis. 33, 82:

nec eam solitudinem languere patior,

to pass in idleness, to be wasted, id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf.:

in otio hebescere et languere,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

si paululum modo vos languere viderint,

to be without energy, Sall. C. 52, 18:

languet amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 436:

mihi gratia languet,

Sil. 17, 361.—Hence, languens, entis, P. a., faint, weak, feeble, inert, powerless, inactive, languid:

incitare languentes,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; cf.: commovere languentem id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

nostris languentibus atque animo remissis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14: languenti stomacho esse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

irritamentum Veneris languentis,

Juv. 11, 167:

vox languens,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133:

cor,

Cat. 64, 97:

hyacinthus,

drooping, Verg. A. 11, 69; so,

ramus,

Suet. Aug. 92.

largītor, āri, false read. for largiri te, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 14; v. Ritschl ad h. l. and proleg. p. 68.

largītor, ōris, m. [largior], a liberal giver, a bestower, granter, dispenser, distributer, imparter.

In gen. (rare;

not in Cic.): multarum rerum ac maxume pecuniae largitor,

Sall. J. 95:

largitor voluntarius repente senatus factus,

Liv. 6, 16:

minime largitore duce,

liberal, id. 6, 2; cf.

praedae,

id. 9, 42:

Bacche, sacri largitor laticis,

dispenser, Sil. 7, 164.—

In partic., in a bad sense, a briber (class.):

exsistunt in re publica plerumque largitores et factiosi,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:

cujuscumque tribus largitor esset,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

Lentulum largitorem et prodigum non putat,

a spendthrift, squanderer, id. Cat. 4, 5, 10.