one's+claim

ἀφαιρ-έω, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἀπαιρέω, [tense] fut. - ήσω: [tense] pf. ἀφῄρηκα, [dialect] Ion. ἀπαραίρηκα: [tense] aor. ἀφεῖλον, later inf.

A

ἀφέλαι GDI4940.35

(Cret.);

ἀφῄρησα Gal.11.121

:— take away from:—Constr.: mostly ἀ. τί τινι, σῖτον μέν σφιν ἀφεῖλε took it from him, Od.14.455, cf. A.Eu. 360 codd., etc. (but also, relieve one of a duty, X.Cyr.7.1.44): less freq.

ἀ. τί τινος Ar. Pax 560

, X.Lac.4.7;

κῆρα χώρας A.Th. 777

(lyr.);

ἔκ τινος Id.Eu. 444

; also τινά τι prob. l. ib. 360, S.Ph. 933, v. infr. II. I, III: c. gen., take from,

τιμῆς οὔτ' ἀφελὼν οὔτ' ἐπορεξάμενος Sol.5.2

; μηδὲν ἀφαιρῶμεν τοῦ ἀδίκου ( from the unjust man)

ἀπὸ τῆς ἀδικίας Pl.R. 360e

; τοῦ πλήθους diminish the number, X.Vect.4.4: c. acc. only, ἀπελὼν τὰ ἄχθεα having taken them off, Hdt.1.80;

βασιλέων.. ὀργὰς ἀφῄρουν

took away,

E.Med. 455

, cf.Ar.Pl.22,Ra. 518.

2 set aside,

κρέα SIG 1044.41

(Halic., iv B. C.).

b exclude, separate,

τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ὡς ἓν ἀπὸ πάντων ἀφαιροῦντες χωρίς Pl.Plt. 262d

; opp. προστιθέναι, Id.Phd. 95e, etc.

3 Math., ἀ. ἀπὸ .. subtract from, Euc.Ax. 3 ([voice] Pass.), etc.; of ratios, divide out from both sides of an equation, Apollon. Perg.1.41 ([voice] Pass.); intercept, in [voice] Pass., Procl.Hyp.2.27.

4 in Logic, abstract, c. acc., Arist.APo. 74a37, al.: abs., Id.Metaph. 1030a33.

II [voice] Med., [tense] fut. ἀφαιρήσομαι (in pass. sense, v.l. for ἀπαιρε-θήσεσθαι, Hdt.5.35, cf. Antipho Fr.57), later

ἀφελοῦμαι Timostr.5

, Plb.3.29.7: [tense] aor. ἀφειλόμην, later

ἀφειλάμην Ph.2.586

, D.C.41.63, cf. Phryn.116: [tense] pf. ἀφῄρημαι (in med. sense) X.Cyr.7.5.79 (spelt

ἀφείρ- Sammelb. 4309

(iii B. C.)):—from Hom. downwds. more freq. than [voice] Act., take away for oneself; also in reciprocal sense, ἀφαιρεῖσθον τύχην ye have received each the fortune of the other, E. El. 928:—Constr. like [voice] Act., ἀφαιρεῖσθαί τί τινι, as

καὶ δή μοι γέρας.. ἀφαιρήσεσθαι ἀπειλεῖς Il.1.161

;

τί τινος 5.673

, 691, 9.335, Th.3.58, Lys.24.13, etc. (also

τεύχεα.. ὤμοιϊν ἀφελέσθαι Il.13.510

);

τι πρός τινος E.Tr. 1034

;

τι ἀπό τινος Ar.V. 883

;

ἔκ τινος X.Cyn.12.9

: c. dupl. acc. rei et pers., bereave or deprive of,

μήτε σὺ τόνδ'.. ἀποαίρεο κούρην Il.1.275

, cf. Hdt.1.71, 7.104; freq. in [dialect] Att. and Trag., Lys. l. c., Th.8.74, D.20.46, etc.;

τέκνα ἀ. τινά E.Andr. 613

, cf. Ar.Ach. 464: rarely c. acc. pers. et gen. rei,

ἀ. τὰς κύνας τοῦ εὑρεῖν X.Cyn.6.4

;

τῆς ἀρχῆς τινά Plu.Ant.60

;

τὴν Ἀμαζόνα τοῦ ζωστῆρος Paus.5.10.9

.

2 c. acc. rei, ἀ. ψήφισμα cancel or rescind, And.2.24; ἀφελομένης τῆς νυκτὸς τὸ ἔργον having broken off the action, Th.4.134;

ἕως κελαινῆς νυκτὸς ὄμμ' ἀφείλετο A.Pers. 428

: abs., μέχρι σκότος ἀφείλετο (sc. τὴν δίωξιν) X.HG1.2.16;

ἀ. τὴν μνήμην πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν D.22.13

.

3 folld. by μή c. inf., prevent, hinder from doing,

τί μ' ἄνδρα.. ἀφείλου μὴ κτανεῖν; S.Ph. 1303

, cf. E.Tr. 1146; κἄκτεινας, ἤ τις συμφορά σ' ἀφείλετο [μὴ κτεῖναι]; Id.Andr. 913; c. inf. [voice] Pass.,

τὸν τὰ ὕστερον ἀφείλετο ἀδικήματα εὐεργέτην μὴ ὀνομασθῆναι Paus.8.52.2

; c. inf. only, Pi.I.1.62: simply, obstruct,

ἀρχήν Pl.Lg. 958c

.

4 ἀ. τινὰ εἰς ἐλευθερίαν, Lat. vindicare in libertatem, claim as free, Pl.Lg. 914e, Isoc.12.97, D.58.19, cf. Lys.23.10, Aeschin.1.62.

III [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

- αιρεθήσομαι E.Hel. 938

;

- ήσομαι Antipho Fr.57

: [tense] pf. ἀφῄρημαι, [dialect] Ion.

ἀπαραίρημαι Hdt.7.159

, etc.:— to be robbed or deprived of a thing, τι A.Ch. 962 (lyr.), Hdt.3.137, etc.; τι πρός or ὑπό τινος, Id.1.70, 3.65, 7.159;

ἀφῃρέθην τὰ ἐνέχυρα ὑπό τινος D.47.41

; ἐκ χερῶν ἀφῃρέθην had them taken out of my hands, E.Tr. 486: c. inf., ἀφῃρέθη Σκίρωνος ἀκτὰς ὄμμα τοὐμὸν εἰσορᾶν was deprived of, hindered from seeing them, Id.Hipp. 1207: less freq.

μηδὲν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὄγκου ἀφαιρεθέντος ἀλλὰ σοῦ αὐξηθέντος Pl.Tht. 155b

.

2 ὁ ἀφαιρεθείς, in Law, the person from whom a slave has been claimed, Id.Lg. 915a.

ἐκβῐβ-άζω, [dialect] Att. [tense] fut. -βιβῶ, causal of ἐκβαίνω,

A make to go or come out,

ἐκβίβασον ἐκ τοῦ βουτόμου τοὐρνίθιον Ar.Av. 662

; ἐ. ποταμὸν ἐκ τοῦ αὐλῶνος turn a river out of its channel, Hdt.7.130 ;

ἐ. τῶν ὁδῶν X.Eq.Mag.1.18

; ἐ. τινὰ δικαίων λόγων stop one from discussing the question of justice, Th.5.98.

b in athletic contests, ἐ. κλήρους eliminate, i.e. win heats, IGRom.3.626 ([place name] Xanthus), al. ;

ἅρματι ἐγβιβάζων SIG728

H (Delph., i B.C.).

c bring to a close, μέτρον, κῶλον, Phld.Po.Herc.1676.12.

2 esp. land persons or goods from a ship, disembark, Th.7.39, Pl.Grg. 512a, PMcyer21.8 (iii/iv A.D.) :—[voice] Pass., Artem.Eph. ap. Porph.Antr.4.

3 = ἐμβιβάζω 3 (quod fort. leg.),

εἰς τὸν πόλεμον Plb.27.7.8

.

II carry out a measure, etc.,

εἵνεκεν τοῦ τὸ ἐπίταγμα ἐκβιβασθῆμεν IG5(1).1432.8

([place name] Messene), cf. POxy. 1195 (ii A.D.).

III levy execution on,

τινά Cod.Just.3.2.4

, 12.60.7.3 ([voice] Pass.).

IV satisfy a person's claim, PTeb.398.18 (ii A.D.).

ἐκδῐκ-έω,

A avenge, punish,

φόνον Ctes.Fr.37

;

παρακοήν 2 Ep.Cor.10.6

;

τινάς PGen.47.17

(iv A.D.); exact vengeance for,

τὰ αἵματα τῶν δούλων LXX 2 Ki.4.8

;

τὸ αἷμα τὸ ἀναίτιον SIG1181.12

(Jewish, circ. ii/i B.C.).

2 decide a case, δίκην, ἀγῶνα, Ph.2.432, POxy.1020.6 (ii A. D.).

II avenge or vindicate a person, by taking up his cause, Apollod.2.5.11, PAmh.2.134.10 (ii A.D.), Plu.Comp.Ag.Gracch. 5;

ἑαυτούς Ep.Rom.12.19

, etc.; ἐ. τινὰ ἀπό τινος avenge one on another, Ev.Luc.18.3: c.dat., Sch.Ar.Pl. 627:—[voice] Pass., LXX Ps.36 (37).28.

2 act as

ἔκδικος 11.3

, AJA18.325 (Sardes, i B. C.), cf. CIG 2824 ([place name] Aphrodisias), BCH23.182 ([place name] Pisidia).

III claim, CIG 3488 ([place name] Thyatira), Inscr.Perg.245;

σιτία καὶ ποτά Hierocl. in CA8p.431M.

IV ἐ. τισί make retribution for them, Aesop.279b.

ἐμποι-έω,

A make in, ἐν δ' αὐτοῖσι (sc. πύργοις)

πύλας ἐνεποίεον Il.7.438

, cf. Ar.Ec. 154:—[voice] Med.,

Ἑλικῶνι Χοροὺς ἐνεποιήσαντο Hes.Th.7

, cf. PFlor.212.10 (iii A. D.):—[voice] Pass., Χελιδὼν ἦν τις ἐμπεποιημένη introduced by the poet's art, Ar.Av. 1301, v. Sch.

2 put in, ἐ. ἴχνεσιν ἴχνη, i.e. put their feet in the same tracks, X.Cyn.5.20.

3 foist in,

ἐς τὰ Μουσαίου ἐ. Χρησμόν Hdt.7.6

;

Χρησμοὶ ἐμπεποιημένοι τοῖς Σιβυλλείοις D.H.4.62

; simply, insert, opp. ἐξαγρέω, Schwyzer 412.3 ([place name] Elis).

II produce or create in,

ἡ Χρεία καπήλων.. γένεσιν ἐ. τῇ πόλει Pl.R. 371d

; οἱ Χρηματισταὶ.. πολὺν τὸν κηφῆνα καὶ πτωχὸν ἐ. τῇ πόλει ib. 556a, etc.; δύναμιν (sc. τῇ πόλει) Isoc.9.47.

2 of states of mind,

ἐπιθυμίαν ἐ. τοῖς Ἀθηναίων ξυμμάχοις ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους Th.4.81

;

κακόν τι ἐ. ταῖς ψυχαῖς Pl.Phd. 115e

; ἐν αὐτῷ δειλίαν ἐ. Id.R. 590b;

ἐλπίδας ἐ. ἀνθρώποις X.Cyr.1.6.19

;

ψυχῇ ἐπιστήμην Id.Mem. 2.1.20

;

ταραχήν τισι Men.Sam.9

: without a dat., produce, create, μῖσος, λήθην, Pl.R. 351d, Phlb. 63e, D.19.3;

ἡδονήν Arist.EN 1126a22

; Χρόνους [ ψηφίς μασι] D.23.93;

Χαράν X.Hier.8.4

; ὀργὰς καὶ λύπας ib. 1.28: c. inf. pro acc., ἐ. τινὶ ἀκολουθητέον εἶναι produce in one's mind the persuasion that he must follow, Id.Oec.21.7; folld.by ὡς .., Id.An. 2.6.8.

3 of conditions, produce, cause, ὀδύνην, σηπεδόνας, Hp. Acut.16, Aret.SD1.9;

φθόρον Th.2.51

;

στάσεις Id.1.2

; πολέμους καὶ στάσεις ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς ἐ. Isoc.4.168;

Χρόνου διατριβὴν ἐ. Th.3.38

;

κίνησιν Arist.Ph. 250b26

.

III [voice] Med., ἐμποιεῖσθαι, = ἀντιποιεῖσθαι, lay claim to,

ἱερωσύνης LXX 1 Es.5.38

, cf. AJA16.13 (Sardes, iv/iii B.C.), BGU13.13 (iii A.D.), etc.;

τοῦ λαοῦ μου LXXEx.9.17

.

ἐπιλαμβάνω,

A take or get besides,

ἐπὶ τοῖς πεντήκοντα ταλάντοις ἑκατόν Arist.Pol. 1259a28

: c. gen. partit., ἐ. τοῦ χρόνου take a little more time, M.Ant.1.17;

τῆς ἀρχῆς Paus.9.14.5

.

ἐφέστι-ος, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἐπίστιος, ον, Hdt. (v. infr.), [full] ἐφ[ίστιος] prob. in SIG1218.17 (lulis, v B.C.): ([etym.] ἑστία):—

A at one's own fireside, at home, ἀπολέσθαι ἐ. Od.3.234; Τρῶες, ἐ. ὅσσοι ἔασιν as many as are in their own homes, opp. ἐπίκουροι, Il.2.125: with Verbs of motion, ὰλλ' ἐμὲ.. ἐφέστιον ἤγαγε δαίμων (i.e. ἐπὶ τὴν ἑστίαν) Od.7.248; ἠλθε.. ἐ. 23.55. cf. E.Rh. 201; ἐφέπτιον πῆξαι.. σκῆπτρον (i.e. ἐπὶ τῇ ἑστίᾳ) S. El. 419; of suppliants who claim protection by sitting by the fireside,

ἐπίστιος ἐμοὶ ἐγένεο Hdt.1.35

: ἱκέτης καὶ δόμων ἐ. inmate of the temple, A.Eu. 577, cf. 669; κάθησθε δωμάτων ἐ. Id.Supp. 365; τόνδ' ἐ. θεῶν ib. 503, cf. S.OT32; guest,

ἐλθόντ' ἐς δόμους ἐφέστιον Id.Tr. 262

; freq. in A.R.,

ἐ. ἐν μεγάροισιν 1.909

, 3.1117, etc.: c. dat. pers., ἐ. ἀθανάτοισιν dwelling with them, 3.116, cf. 4.518: c. dat. loci,

πηγῇσιν ἐ. Ἀσωποῖο 1.117

.

II generally, of or in the house or family,

πόνοι.. δόμων ἐφέστιοι A.Th. 853

(lyr.);

θύματα Id.Ag. 1310

;

μίασμα Id.Eu. 169

(lyr.);

ἀλαλαγαί S.Tr. 206

(lyr.);

περιστερὰ οἰκέτις ἐ. τε Id.Fr. 866

;

εὐναί E.El. 216

; ἐ. δόμοι the chambers of the house, A.Th.73: [dialect] Ion. ἐπίστιον, τό, household, family, Hdt.5.72,73; later ἐφέστιον, τό, D.H.1.24, POxy.2106.18 (iv A.D.).

III θεοὶ ἐ. the household gods, to whom the hearth was dedicated, Hierocl.p.54 A.; Ζεὺς ἐπίστιος or ἐφέστιος as presiding over hospitality, Hdt.1.44, S.Aj. 492; ἐ. ἵδρυμα ἐν οἰκίᾳ ἔχων, a living image by the hearth, Pl.Lg. 931a.

IV ἐπίστιος, ἡ, v. ἐπίστιος 11.

ὀρέγω, Od.17.366, E.Ph. 1710 (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ion. and later Prose, Hdt. 2.2, Arist.HA 497b27, etc.: [tense] impf.

A

ὤρεγον Pi.P.4.240

, App.BC4.126 : [tense] fut.

ὀρέξω Il.13.327

, E.Med. 902 : [tense] aor.

ὤρεξα Il.23.406

, Trag. (S.OC 846, etc.), and sts. in Prose, Pl.Phd. 117b, X.An.7.3.29:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Il.24.506, Th.2.65, etc.: [tense] fut.

ὀρέξομαι E.Hel. 353

, Pl.R. 486a ([etym.] ἐπ-): [tense] aor.

ὠρεξάμην Il.23.99

, E.HF16, etc.: rare in Prose, X.Mem.1.2.15 ; also ὠρέχθην ib.16, Ages.1.4, Smp.8.35, Hp.Ep.17, Epicur.Sent.7, Fr. 187, as well as in E. (Hel. 1238 ) (not in Hom.): [tense] pf.

ὤρεγμαι Hp.Oss.18

; redupl. [ per.] 3pl. ὀρωρέχαται, [tense] plpf. -έχατο, Il.16.834, 11.26.—Cf. ὀρέγνυμι, ὀριγνάομαι :—reach, stretch, stretch out,

χεῖρ' ὀρέγων Od.17.366

;

εἰς οὐρανόν Il.15.371

, Od.9.527 ; χεῖρας ἐμοὶ ὀρέγοντας, in entreaty, 12.257, cf. Plu.Cam.36 ;

μοι.. λεχέων ἐκ χεῖρας ὄρεξας Il.24.743

;

πρός τινα Pi. P.4.240

, cf. S.OC 846, etc. ; Ὅμηρον.., ἐφ' ὃν πᾶσαι χεῖρ' ὀρέγουσι πόλεις, to claim him, APl.4.294.

2 reach out, hold out, hand, give,

κοτύλην καὶ πύρνον Od.15.312

;

δέπας Il.24.102

;

ὁπποτέροισι πατὴρ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀρέξῃ 5.33

, cf. 17.453, Hes.Th. 433 ;

ἠέ τῳ εὖχος ὀρέξομεν, ἦέ τις ἡμῖν Il.12.328

, cf. S.Ph. 1203 (lyr.);

ὀ. πλοῦτόν τινι Pi.P.3.110

;

τέλος ἔμπεδον Id.N.7.58

;

ὤρεξε τὴν κύλικα τῷ Σωκράτει Pl.Phd. 117b

; later βοήθειαν ὀρέξαι τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις extend help, POxy.902.11 (v A.D.).

II [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass.,

1 abs., stretch oneself out, stretch forth one's hand, Od.21.53 ;

ἀνδρὸς.. ποτὶ στόμα χεῖρ' ὀρέγεσθαι Il.24.506

(but

χεῖρας ὀρεξαμένου

having lent a helping hand,

Epigr.Gr.448.4

([place name] Syria));

ὀρεξαμένη ἀπὸ δίφρου Hes.Sc. 456

; ὠρέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσι, χειρὶ σκαιῇ, Il.23.99, Hes.Th. 178 ; ἔγχει ὀρεξάσθω let him lunge with the spear (from the chariot), Il.4.307 ;

πρόσθεν Ἄρης ὠρέξαθ' ὑπὲρ ζυγὸν.. ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ 5.851

; ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν, of horses, they galloped to the fight, 16.834; ὀρέξατ' ἰών he stretched himself as he went, i.e. made a stride, 13.20 ; ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρήν were stretched out towards the neck, 11.26 ; of fish, rise at the bait,

καί τις τῶν τραφερῶν ὠρέξατο Theoc. 21.44

; for A.Ag. 1111, v. ὄρεγμα 1.1.

2 c. gen., reach at or to a thing, grasp at, οὗ παιδὸς ὀρέξατο he reached out to his child, Il.6.466, cf. Od.11.392 ; in a hostile sense, aim at, assail, hit, τοῦ δ' ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος.. ὦμον hit him first on the shoulder, Il.16.322 ; ib. 314, a gen. pers. must be supplied, ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος; so in 23.805 ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν;

δηΐων ὀρέγοιτ' ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενος Tyrt.12.12

; also of a suppliant, τί χρῆμα θηρῶσ' ἱκέτις ὠρέχθης ἐμοῦ; E.Hel. 1238.

b metaph., reach after, grasp at, yearn for,

γάμων Id. Ion 842

;

τῶν μεγίστων Id.Fr. 240

;

ἀπεόντων Democr.202

;

ζωῆς Id.205

: freq. in [dialect] Att. Prose, Antipho 2.2.12, Th.3.42, Pl.R. 439b, 485d, etc.;

ὀ. τοῦ πρῶτος ἕκαστος γίγνεσθαι Th.2.65

: so c. inf.,

πόλιν ὠρέξατ' οἰκεῖν E.HF16

;

ὀ. τοιοῦτος γενέσθαι Pl. Prt. 326a

;

οὐδέποτε ὠρέχθην τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀρέσκειν Epicur.Fr. 187

: also, abs., yearn, desire,

πάσῃσιν ὀρέξαιτο πραπίδεσσιν Emp.129.4

;

θυμὸς ὀρέξατο γηθοσύνῃσιν A.R.2.878

;

ὀρεγόμεθα κατὰ τὴν βούλευσιν Arist.EN 1113a12

; cf. ὀρεκτός, ὄρεξις.

3 c. acc., σῖτόν τ' ὄρεξαι take food, E.Or. 303 (v.l. σίτων); αἰώρημα διὰ δέρης ὀρέξομαι I will put the noose on my neck, Id.Hel. 353 (lyr.).

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `living or dead body' (Il.; in Hom. the meaning `corpse' is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), `person' (Att. etc.), `slave' (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. `totality' (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), `text of a document' (pap.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. σωματο-φύλαξ `bodyguard' (hell. a. late); univerbation σωμ-ασκ-ία f. `bodily exercise' (Pl., X. a.o.) from σῶμα ἀσκέω; to this as backformation σω-μασκ-έω `to do bodily exercise' (X., Plb. etc.); τρι-σώματος `three-bodied' (A., E.), late τρί-σωμος `id.' (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σωμάτ-ιον n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. - ίδιον n. `text of a document' (pap.). 3. - εῖον n. `corporate body, college' ( Cod. Just.). 4. - ικός `bodily' (Arist. etc.), - ινος `id.' (gloss.), - ώδης `bodily' (Arist. a.o.). 5. - όομαι, - όω ( ἐν-, ὑπο-) `to be embodied, to embody' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. - ίζω ( δια-, ἐν-) `to edit a text' with - ισμός m. (pap.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: For `body' the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. corpus a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. kr̥p-) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation σῶ-μα has not been found. Formally resemble both σω-λήν and σω-ρός; if one connects the last, σῶμα must continue *tu̯ō-mn̥ with a basic meaning `compactness, swelling' (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from *σῶπ-μα to σήπομαι, σαπρός (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to ἐπί-σσωτρον (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[s]ti̯ō-mn̥ "what becomes stiff" to Skt. styā- `flow, get stiff' (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to σίνομαι (abl. sō[i]-: sī-) as `object of σίνεσθαι' (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. σωρός; also W.-Hofmann s. tōmentum.

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αἰτέω impv. αἴτει IPol 2:2; fut. αἰτήσω; 1 aor. ᾔτησα; pf. ᾔτηκα 1J 5:15. Mid.: impv. αἰτοῦ IPol 1:3; impf. ᾐτούμην; fut. αἰτήσομαι; 1 aor. ᾐτησάμην, impv. αἴτησαι (Hom.+) to ask for, with a claim on receipt of an answer, ask, ask for, demand (without any real distinction betw. act. and mid.: the distinc. betw. act. [‘ask’ outright] and mid. [‘ask’ as a loan] found by ancient grammarians has only very limited validity for our lit. [B-D-F §316, 2; Mlt. 160f]; cp. Js 4:2f, where they seem to be used interchangeably) w. acc. of person or thing asked for (Lucian, Dial. Mer. 7, 2 αἰ. τὸ δίδραχμον) ἰχθύν Mt 7:10; τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 27:58 (Appian, Syr. 63 §335 αἰτήσας τὸ σῶμα, i.e. for burial); Mk 15:43; Lk 23:52; πινακίδιον Lk 1:63; εἰρήνην Ac 12:20; φῶτα 16:29; σημεῖα 1 Cor 1:22. τὸν Βαραββᾶν Mt 27:20 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 18 §71 and 72; Synes., Provid. 2, 3 p. 121c Ὄσιριν ᾔτουν=they asked for O.); cp. Mk 15:6 v.l. (s. παραιτέομαι 1a); βασιλέα (Jos., Ant. 6, 88) Ac 13:21. Gener. τί Mk 6:24; 10:38; Mt 20:22. ὅ 1J 3:22. αἰτῆσαι τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου Mk 6:24 v.l. πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται (w. attraction of the relative) for which they wish to ask Mt 18:19, cp. Eph 3:20 (s. Judg 8:26). W. acc. of the thing and indication of the purpose αἰ. τι πρός τι: αἰ. τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κυρίου πρὸς ταφήν GPt 2:3; τινί τι αἰ. pray for someth. for someone IRo 3:2. W. acc. of the pers. who is asked Mt 5:42; 6:8; 7:11; Lk 6:30; 11:13; J 4:10; Ac 13:28. W. double acc. ask someone for someth. (Hom. et al.; Diod S 14, 108, 1; Eunap., Vi. Soph. p. 31 αἰ. τοὺς θεούς τι; PFay 109, 12; PGM 4, 777; Josh 14:12; 1 Esdr 6:11; Jos., Ant. 12, 24; Just., A I, 61, 2, D. 105, 3) Mk 6:22f (Diog. L. 6, 38 αἴτησόν με ὸ̔ θέλεις [Alex. to Diogenes]; Aesop, Fab. 287b H.=235b Ch. αὐτῇ δοῦναι, ὸ̔ ἂν αἰτήσῃ); 10:35; J 11:22; 15:16; 16:23; Mt 7:9; Lk 11:11; cp. vs. 12; ApcPt Rainer (s. παρέχω end). αἰ. τινὰ λόγον demand an accounting fr. someone, call someone to account (Pla., Pol. 285e; cp. BGU 747, 21) 1 Pt 3:15. τὶ ἀπό τινος request someth. fr. someone (Plut., Galba 1062 [20, 6]) Mt 20:20; 1J 5:15 (both w. παρά as v.l.); cp. Lk 12:20 v.l. τὶ παρά τινος (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 7 §23; Apollon. Paradox. 5; Paradoxogr. Vat. 43 αἰτεῖται παρὰ τῶν θεῶν οὐδέν; PFay 121, 12ff; PGM 12, 277; oft. LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 63; Just., A I, 12, 5) alms Ac 3:2. Abs. αἴτησαι παρʼ ἐμοῦ ask me 13:33 D; 1 Cl 36:4 (both Ps 2:8); Hs 5, 4, 5; cp. Hm 9:1 (text uncertain), 2, 4; J 4:9; Ac 9:2; Js 1:5. αἰ. χάριν ask a favor B 21:7; αἰτούμενοι χάριν κατʼ αὐτοῦ they requested a favor against him i.e. one directed against him (Paul) Ac 25:3; αἰτούμενοι κατʼ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην asking for his conviction vs. 15. αἰ. περί τινος pray for someone IRo 8:3. W. the manner of asking more exactly described: κακῶς Js 4:3b; ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ Mt 21:22. Also δεήσεσιν αἰ. τὸν θεόν beseech God w. supplications Pol 7:2 (cp. SIG 1168, 11; 13; 17); in the same sense ὅσα προσεύχεσθε κ. αἰτεῖσθε whatever you request in prayer Mk 11:24; ἐν πίστει Js 1:6. ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου J 14:13f; 15:16; 16:24, 26. τὶ κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ someth. in accord w. God’s will 1J 5:14. Elliptically: αἰτεῖσθαι καθῶς ἐποίει αὐτοῖς ask ( to do) as he was accustomed to do for them Mk 15:8. Foll. by acc. and inf. (SIG 1168, 11; 3 Km 19:4; Just., D. 105, 3; 5 al.) αὐτὸν σταυρωθῆναι Lk 23:23; cp. Ac 3:14. W. inf. (Aristoph., Plut. 240; X., An. 2, 3, 18; Appian, Liby. 82, §386) πεῖν αἰτεῖς J 4:9 (Nic. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 7f Jac. πιεῖν ἤτει; Jos., Ant. 18, 192). ᾐτήσατο εὑρεῖν σκήνωμα he asked to be permitted to find an abode Ac 7:46. αἰ. θεοῦ ἐπιτυχεῖν ask to reach the presence of God ITr 12:2; cp. IRo 1:1. Neg. αἰτοῦμαι μὴ ἐγκακεῖν Eph 3:13. W. ἵνα foll. (w. προσεύχεσθαι) Col 1:9 (cp. Polyb 31, 4, 3 αἰτεῖσθαι ἵνα; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 106; Just., D. 30, 2). Abs. (Arrian, Anab. 2, 14, 8 αἴτει καὶ λάμβανε; Ath. 11, 3 τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν διδόναι) Mt 7:7f; Lk 11:9f; J 16:24; Js 4:3; 1J 5:16. Mid. Mk 6:25.—B. 1270f. DELG. M-M. TW.

γενεά, ᾶς, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol C 13:7; TestJob, Test12Patr; GrBar 10:3; Philo, Joseph., SibOr, Just., Tat.) a term relating to the product of the act of generating and with special ref. to kinship, frequently used of familial connections and ancestry. Gener. those descended fr. a common ancestor, a ‘clan’ (Pind., P. 10, 42 the Hyperboreans are a ἱερὰ γενεά; Diod S 18, 56, 7; Jos., Ant. 17, 220), then

① those exhibiting common characteristics or interests, race, kind gener. as in Lk 16:8 εἰς τὴν γ. τὴν ἑαυτῶν the people of the world are more prudent in relation to their own kind than are those who lay claim to the light (difft. GBeasley-Murray, A Commentary on Mk 13, ’57, 99–102).

② the sum total of those born at the same time, expanded to include all those living at a given time and freq. defined in terms of specific characteristics, generation, contemporaries (Hom. et al.; BGU 1211, 12 [II B.C.] ἕως γενεῶν τριῶν); Jesus looks upon the whole contemp. generation of Israel as a uniform mass confronting him ἡ γ. αὕτη (cp. Gen 7:1; Ps 11:8) Mt 11:16; 12:41f; 23:36; 24:34; Mk 13:30; Lk 7:31; 11:29–32, 50f; 17:25; 21:32 (EGraesser, ZNW Beih. 22,² ’60). S. also 1 above. This generation is characterized as γ. ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη Mt 17:17; Mk 9:19 D; Lk 9:41; ἄπιστος Mk 9:19; πονηρά Mt 12:45; 16:4 D; Lk 11:29; πονηρὰ κ. μοιχαλίς Mt 12:39; 16:4; μοιχαλὶς καὶ ἁμαρτωλός Mk 8:38 (JGuillet, RSR 35, ’48, 275–81). Their contemporaries appeared to Christians as γ. σκολιὰ καὶ διεστραμμένη (the latter term as Mt 17:17; Mk 9:19 v.l.; Lk 9:41, the former Ac 2:40; cp. Ps 77:8) Phil 2:15 (Dt 32:5).—Cp. Wsd 3:19. A more favorable kind of γ. is mentioned in Ps 23:6; 111:2; 1QS 3:14.—The desert generation Hb 3:10 (Ps 94:10). ἰδίᾳ γ. ὑπηρετήσας after he had served his own generation Ac 13:36; γ. ἡμῶν 1 Cl 5:1; αἱ πρὸ ἡμῶν γ. 19:1; πρώτη γ. the first generation (of Christians) Hs 9, 15, 4 (Paus. 7, 4, 9 τετάρτῃ γενεᾷ=in the fourth generation).

③ the time of a generation, age (as a rule of thumb, the time between birth of parents and the birth of their children; since Hdt. 2, 142, 2; Dionys. Hal. 3, 15; Gen 50:23; Ex 13:18; 20:5; EpJer 2; Philo, Mos. 1, 7; Jos., Ant. 5, 336; SibOr 3, 108). Here the original sense gradually disappears, and the mng. ‘a period of time’ remains.

ⓐ of periods of time defined in terms of a generation: age, generation Mt 1:17 (a similar list of numbers in Hellanicus [400 B.C.]: 323a, Fgm. 22a Jac. ἐννέα γενεαῖς ὕστερον … ἓξ γενεαῖς ὕστερον … τρισὶ γενεαῖς ὕστερον; Just., D. 92, 5 γενεαὶ ἀνθρώπων; Tat. 41, 1 μιᾷ τῶν Τρωϊκῶν προγενέστερος … γενεᾷ [of Heracles]); Lk 1:48; 1 Cl 50:3; ἐν γενεᾷ καὶ γ. (Ps 44:18; 89:1) in one generation after the other 7:5.

ⓑ of an undefined time period period of time gener. εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς (Ps 48:12; 88:2 al.; Just., D. 92, 2 μετὰ τοσαύτας γ.) to all ages Lk 1:50 (v.l. εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν and εἰς γενεὰν καὶ γενεάν); cp. 1 Cl 61:3; εἰς πάσας τὰς γ. (Ex 12:14) to all generations Eph 3:21; ἀπὸ τῶν γ. from earliest times Col 1:26 (for the combination αἰῶνες and γενεαί cp. Tob 1:4; 8:5 S; 13:12; Esth 10:3k). ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων fr. ancient times Ac 15:21 (cp. Sir 2:10); ἀπὸ γενεᾶς εἰς γ. (Ex 17:16; Ps 9:27) fr. generation to g. Lk 1:50 v.l.; MPol 21; ἐν πάσαις ταῖς γ. in all generations 1 Cl 60:1; GJs 6:2; 7:2; cp. 1 Cl 11:2; ἐν πάσαις ταῖς γενεαῖς τῆς γῆς GJs 12:1 (TestJob 4:6); ἑτέραις γ. at other times Eph 3:5 (cp. Jo 1:3; Ps 47:14); ἐν ταῖς παρῳχημέναις γ. in past ages Ac 14:16.

④ in the quot. fr. Is 53:8 τὴν γ. αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεταὶ Ac 8:33; 1 Cl 16:8 γ. is prob. to be taken in the sense of family history.—MMeinertz, ‘Dieses Geschlecht’ im NT, BZ n.F. 1, ’57, 283–89.—DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 222. M-M. TW. Sv.

θερίζω fut. θερίσω, but 3 pl. θεριοῦσι Job 4:8; Ps 125:5; 1 aor. ἐθέρισα. Pass. 1 aor. ἐθερίσθην; perf. pass. ptc. n. pl. τεθερισμένα Jdth 4:5 (s. θερισμός; Pre-Socr., Trag.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestLevi 13:6; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 251 al.; Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 39; Did., Gen. 33, 2).

① to harvest a grain crop by reaping, reap, harvest. Mt 6:26; Lk 12:24; 1 Cl 56:15 (Job 5:26) ὁ θερίσας the harvester Js 5:4 (cp. BGU 349, 10 ἐμοῦ τοῦ μισθωσαμένου θερίζοντος τῷ μισθῷ); cp. J 4:36.—Dalman, Arbeit III.

② to gain results or benefits, reap, fig. extension of mng. 1

ⓐ esp. in proverbial expr. (Paroem. Gr.: Diogenian. 2, 62) ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ σπείρων καὶ ἄλλος ὁ θερίζων one sows, and another reaps J 4:37, cp. vs. 38. ὸ̔ γὰρ ἐὰν σπείρῃ ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτο καὶ θερίσει whatever a man sows he will also reap Gal 6:7 (cp. Aristot., Rhet. 3, 3, 4 [1406b 9f] quoting Gorgias σὺ δὲ ταῦτα αἰσχρῶς μὲν ἔσπειρας κακῶς δὲ ἐθέρισας; Pla., Phdr. 260d; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 293). θερίζων ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρας reaping where you did not sow Mt 25:24, 26; Lk 19:21f. Of a reward gener. (TestLevi 13:6 ἐὰν σπείρητε πονηρά, πᾶσαν ταραχὴν καὶ θλῖψιν θερίσετε; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 152; Jer 12:13; Pr 22:8) φθοράν, ζωὴν αἰώνιον Gal 6:8. τὰ σαρκικὰ ὑμῶν reap (=lay claim to) your material benefits 1 Cor 9:11. Abs. Gal 6:9; 2 Cor 9:6.

ⓑ of the harvest of the Last Judgment, which brings devastation Rv 14:15. ἐθερίσθη ἡ γῆ vs. 16 (cp. Plut., Mor. 182a θερίζειν τὴν Ἀσίαν).—B. 506.—DELG s.v. θέρομαι 2. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ψευδάδελφος, ου, ὁ one who pretends to be a fellow-believer, but whose claim is belied by conduct toward fellow-believers, false brother, false member. Paul applies the term to certain opponents 2 Cor 11:26; Gal 2:4. Of such as masquerade in allegiance to the Lord and mislead unsophisticated members w. wrong beliefs Pol 6:3.—TW.

ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος (v.l. ἀλλοτριοεπίσκοπος, s. Mlt-H. 272; B-D-F §124), ου, ὁ (elsewh. only Dionys. Areop., Ep. 8: MPG III 1089c ἀλλοτριοεπίσκοπος; cp. Epiphanius of Constantia [Salamis], Ancoratus 12; s. Lampe s.v.) a word whose meaning has not yet been determined w. certainty; w. φονεύς, κλέπτης, κακοποιός 1 Pt 4:15. EZeller, SBBerlAK 1893, 129ff, referring to the claim by Cynic preachers to be overseers (ἐπίσκοποι) of all men (Epict. 3, 22, 97 οὐ τὰ ἀλλότρια πολυπραγμονεῖ ὅταν τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἐπισκοπῇ ἀλλὰ τὰ ἴδια), interprets the word as mng. one who meddles in things that do not concern the pers., a busybody (sim. REB. NRSV: mischief maker; s. PWendland, Kultur² 1912, 82, 1; Zahn, Einl. II 39f; ESelwyn, Comm. ’46 ad loc. Cp. ἀλλοτρίοις ἐπίσκοπος 1 Pt 4:15 P⁷², ‘meddling in other people’s affairs’=Lat. ‘alienis custos’.). But it is questionable whether such behavior would merit the kind of reprisal suggested by the context. Therefore a more serious type of crime has been suggested, and the proximity of κλέπτης has led to the conjecture concealer of stolen goods. For spy, informer (Lat. delator) s. AHilgenfeld, Einl. 1875, 630. Dssm., NB 51, 5=BS 224, 4 (BGU 531 II, 22 [II A.D.] οὔτε εἰμὶ ἄδικος οὔτε ἀλλοτρίων ἐπιθυμητής) suggests revolutionist (s. A Bischoff, ZNW 7, 1906, 271–74; 9, 1908, 171; PSchmidt, ZWT 50, 1908, 26ff). KErbes, ZNW 19, 1920, 39–44; 20, 1921, 249 considers it a Christian coinage, aimed at neglectful bishops. Tertullian, Scorp. 12 ‘alieni speculator’. Cyprian, Test. 3, 37 ‘curas alienas agens’. Vulg. ‘alienorum adpetitor’.—JBauer, BZ n.s. 22, ’78, 109–15.—DELG. M-M. TW.

ἀναιρέω (s. prec.) fut. ἀναιρήσω and ἀνελῶ (B-D-F §74, 3), the latter (Dionys. Hal. 11, 18, 2; Jdth 7:13; Just., D. 112, 2 [ἀνεῖλε A]) formed after 2 aor. ἀνεῖλον, which appears also in the forms (B-D-F §81, 3) ἀνεῖλα (ἀνείλατε Ac 2:23, ἀνεῖλαν 10:39); subj. ἀνέλω; mid. ἀνειλόμην (v.l.) and ἀνειλάμην (ἀνείλατο 7:21 [-ετο v.l.]; cp. CIG 4137, 3; Ex 2:5, 10; B-D-F §81, 3; s. W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 226 s.v. αἱρέω); fut. pass. ἀναιρεθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. pass ἀνῃρέθην; pf. act. inf. ἀνῃρηκέναι (Just., D. 73, 6); pf. pass. ἀνῄρημαι LXX (also Just., Tat., Mel.) (Hom.+).

① to remove or take away, take away of things πνοήν 1 Cl 21:9. Do away with, abolish (Aeschin. 3, 39 νόμον; Isaeus 1, 14; Polyb. 31, 20, 3; TestGad 5:3 τὸ ζῆλος; Dio Chrys. 59 [76], 2) Hb 10:9 (opp. στῆσαι). Take up a martyr’s bones MPol 18:1.

② to get rid of by execution, do away with, destroy, of pers. τινά someone, mostly of killing by violence, in battle, by execution, murder, or assassination (Trag., Hdt.+; SIG 226, 20; 709, 35; UPZ 8, 15 [161 B.C.]; PAmh 142, 8; LXX; EpArist 166; Jos., Bell. 1, 389, Ant. 17, 44; Just., Tat., Ath.; Mel., P. 96, 736; Iren. 4, 33, 7 [Harv. II 261, 6]; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 61, 8) ἀ. πάντας τοὺς παῖδας Mt 2:16 (PSaintyves, Le massacre des Innocents: Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 229–72); ἀνελεῖν πάντα τὰ βρέφη GJs 22:1 (follows ἀνελεῖται corr. to ἀναιρεῖται; cp. ἀνελεῖν τὰ βρέφη ApcEsdr 4, 11 p. 28: 13 Tdf.). ἐζήτουν τὸ πῶς ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν they sought a way to dispose of him Lk 22:2. τοῦτον Ac 2:23; cp. 5:33, 36; 7:28 (Ex 2:14); 9:23f, 29; 22:20; 23:15, 21; 25:3; 1 Cl 4:10 (Ex 2:14). ἀ. ἑαυτόν commit suicide (Parthenius 17, 7; Jos., Ant. 20, 80) Ac 16:27. Of execution (Chariton 4, 3, 5) Lk 23:32; Ac 10:39; 12:2; 13:28. ἀκρίτως AcPl Ha 9, 19 (restored). Synon. w. θανατοῦν 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:2). Of the destruction of the Lawless One ὸ̔ν ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ (vv.ll. ἀνελοῖ, ἀναλοῖ, ἀναλώσει, s. ἀναλίσκω) τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ whom the Lord Jesus will slay with the breath of his mouth 2 Th 2:8 (after Is 11:4). Pregnant constr., of martyrs ἀναιρούμενοι εἰς θεόν those who come to God by a violent death IEph 12:2. Of the tree of knowledge: kill οὐ τὸ τῆς γνώσεως (sc. ξύλον) ἀναιρεῖ ἀλλʼ ἡ παρακοὴ ἀναιρεῖ Dg 12:2.—Pass. ἀναιρεῖσθαι Ac 23:27; 26:10; AcPl Ha 9, 20 (restored); ἀναιρεθῆναι Lk 23:32; Ac 5:36; 13:28; be condemned to death 26:10; Papias (11:2; 12:2); AcPl Ha 4, 21f; 5, 5f; 8, 19.

③ mid. to take up for oneself, take up, claim (for oneself) (Jos., Ant. 5, 20) of the baby Moses, whom Pharaoh’s daughter rescued from the river after his exposure (Ex 2:5, 10; Philo, Mos. 1, 17) Ac 7:21, with focus on the act of rescue (sim. Dio Chrys. 65 [15], 9 ἀλλότρια εὑρόντες ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ παιδία ἀνελόμενοι [opp. ἐκτίθημι] ἔτρεφον ὡς αὑτῶν; cp. Aristocritus [III B.C.]: 493 Fgm. 3 Jac. p. 465, 3; Aristoph., Nub. 531; Men., Sam. 159; Epict. 1, 23, 7 [opp. ῥιπτῶ ‘expose’]; Plut., Anton. 932 [36, 3], ‘own, acknowledge’, Mor. 320e al.; BGU 1110; PSI 203, 3; POxy 37, 6 [act.] and 38, 6 [mid.], both 49 A.D.; s. Preis.). The pap exx. involve exposed children taken up and reared as slaves, and the junction of ἀναιρέομαι and ἀνατρέφω in our pass. suggests Hell. nursing contracts (reflected in the LXX choice of diction Ex 2:9–10; s. New Docs 2, 7 and ins cited there). The rendering ‘adopt’ lacks philological precision and can be used only in a loose sense (as NRSV), esp. when Gr-Rom. terminology relating to adoption procedures is taken into account.—M-M. TW.

ἁρπάζω fut. ἁρπάσω J 10:28; 1 aor. ἥρπασα; pf. 3 sg. ἥρπακεν Hos 6:1. Mid.: fut. ἁρπῶμαι LXX. Pass.: 2 fut. ἁρπαγήσομαι 1 Th 4:17; 1 aor. ἡρπάσθην Rv 12:5 (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 69); 2 aor. ἡρπάγην 2 Cor 12:2, 4; Wsd 4:11 (Jos., Ant. 6, 14; 12, 144; B-D-F §71, 2) (s. ἁρπαγή; Hom.+) ‘snatch, seize’, i.e. take suddenly and vehemently, or take away in the sense of

① to make off w. someone’s property by attacking or seizing, steal, carry off, drag away (so mostly LXX; En 102:9) τὶ someth. of wild animals (Gen 37:33; Ps 7:3; JosAs 12:10) J 10:12 (X., Mem. 2, 7, 14); 1 Cl 35:11 (Ps 49:22). Of thieving people (SIG 1168, 111 [IV B.C.]; TestJob 18:1; Jos., Ant. 20, 214) τὰ σκεύη his property Mt 12:29. τὰ ἀλλότρια other people’s property B 10:4.

② to grab or seize suddenly so as to remove or gain control, snatch/take away

ⓐ forcefully τινά someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 113 §474; Polyaenus 8, 34; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 5, 1, 1 of Persephone; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 24, 3; Judg 21:21; TestJob 39:1) ἁ. αὐτόν take him away J 6:15 (cp. Jos., Bell. 4, 259, Ant. 19, 162; Philogonius, who ἐκ μέσης τ. ἀγορᾶς ἁρπασθείς was made a bishop [Chrysost. I p. 495d Montf.]; AcThom 165 [Aa II/2, 278, 5]); Ac 23:25 v.l. Of an arrest ἁ. τινὰ ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν take someone away fr. among them Ac 23:10. Of seed already sown tear out Mt 13:19. ἁ. ἐκ τ. χειρός snatch fr. the hand (cp. 2 Km 23:21) J 10:28f; Hv 2, 1, 4. Of rescue from threatening danger (JosAs 12:8): ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς ἁ. snatch fr. the fire Jd 23.

ⓑ in such a way that no resistance is offered (Herodian 1, 11, 5; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 291 [Aphrodite ‘snatches away’ Aeneas, who is in danger]; Wsd 4:11; ApcEsdr 5:7; ApcMos 37 εἰς τὴν Ἀχερουσίαν λίμνην; cp. ViEzk 15 [p. 75, 14 Sch.]; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 113), esp. of the πνεῦμα κυρίου, which carries someone away Ac 8:39 (v.l. has ἄγγελος κυρίου.—On the word πνεῦμα, which can signify either ‘spirit’ or ‘wind’, cp. Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1114, where ἀναρπάζειν is used of winds which transport a person from one place to another far away). Pass. ἁρπαγῆναι ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ be caught up to the third heaven 2 Cor 12:2 (Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.], Vir. Ill. c. 66 JFlach [1880]: Tribonian, a polytheist, says of Emperor Justinian ὅτι οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται, ἀλλὰ μετὰ σαρκὸς εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἁρπαγήσεται); ἁ. εἰς τ. παράδεισον vs. 4; ἁ. ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀέρα 1 Th 4:17; ἁ. πρὸς τ. θεόν Rv 12:5.—The mng. of ἁ. τὴν βασιλείαν τ. οὐρανῶν Mt 11:12 is difficult to determine; ἁ. beside βιάζειν (as Plut., Mor. 203c et al.; s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT, ’46, 38; 117f; s. βιάζω 1a) prob. means someth. like seize or claim for oneself (cp. X., An. 6, 5, 18; 6, 6, 6; Epict. 4, 7, 22; Plut., Mor. 81c; Iren. 1, 16, 2 [Harv. I 161, 9]; s. WKnox, HTR 41, ’48, 237). Another possibility is plunder (Libanius, Or. 1 p. 147, 4 F. κώμας ἁ.; Polyaenus 8, 11 τ. πόλεως ἁρπαγή=plundering of the city).—Finally ἁ. τι grasp something quickly, eagerly, with desire (Musonius in Stob. 3, 7, 23 [III 315, 4 H.] ἅρπαζε τὸ καλῶς ἀποθνῄσκειν; Aelian, NA 2, 50; Libanius, Declam. 4, 81 vol. V 281, 16 F. ἁ. τὴν δωρεάν).—B. 744. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.