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81 Pratt, Thomas Willis
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 4 July 1812 Boston, Massachusetts, USAd. 10 July 1875 Boston, Massachusetts, USA.[br]American civil engineer, inventor of the Pratt truss.[br]The son of Caleb and Sally Pratt, Thomas Pratt attended public school in Boston before going on to the Rensselaer School (now the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) in Troy, New York. While at school, his spare time was spent assisting his father, a well-known architect, in his practice. He is said to have drawn a complete set of plans for a substantial house when only 12 years old. At the conclusion of his studies, he was offered a teaching position at Rensselaer but turned it down as he was planning an engineering career; he became a government assistant on the construction of dry docks at Charleston, South Carolina, and Norfolk, Virginia.After this experience of government work, he turned to railroad construction, first with the Boston and Lowell and Boston and Maine railroads, followed by many others. In this work, he became involved in bridge construction, mostly as consulting engineer. His best-known bridge was that over the Merrimack River at Newburyport, Massachusetts, which he built with six long timber spans and a metal drawspan. He also invented a new method of ship propulsion, a form of steam boiler, an equalizer for drawbridge supports and an improved form of combined timber and steel truss; he is best known, however, for the Pratt truss. This did not truly come into its own until the inception of all-metal construction for bridges, by which time it was too late for Pratt to gain much financial reward from it.[br]Further ReadingD.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Books.D.Malone (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography, New York: Charles Scribner.IMcN -
82 which
wi 1. adjective, pronoun(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) hvilken; hvem, hva2. relative pronoun((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) som3. relative adjective, relative pronoun(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.) som; hvilket- which is which? - which is whichsomIdeterm. \/wɪtʃ\/hvilke(n), hvilket, hvem (av)• which girl is it?• he left on Monday or Tuesday, I forget whichhan dro mandag eller tirsdag, jeg husker ikke hvilken av de to dagene det var• which way did she go?• which of them is your husband?of which hvis• the house, the roof of which could be seen above the trees...huset, hvis tak man kunne se over trærne...to which og dertil, i tilleggwhich is which hvem som er hvem, hva som er hvawhich of hvilke(n) av, hvilket av, hvem avwhich one? hvilken da?, hvem da?IIsubjunksjon \/wɪtʃ\/( i relativsetninger) som, hvilket, hva, noe som• was the book (which) you were reading a novel?• this desk, which I bought yesterday, is made of oakdette skrivebordet, som jeg kjøpte i går, er av eik• he is an old man, which ought not to be forgottenhan er en gammel mann, hvilket ikke bør glemmes• I lost my way, which delayed me considerablyjeg gikk meg bort, noe som forsinket meg betraktelig• he said he had seen it, which was a liehan sa han hadde sett det, noe som var en løgn• she told me to leave, which I didhun ba meg om å gå, hvilket jeg gjordeall of which som alle, hvorav alle• these books, all of which are very old, were discovered in the atticdisse bøkene, som alle er svært gamle, ble funnet på loftetabout which som• the changes, about which we spoke yesterday, will not be implementedforandringene som vi snakket om i går, vil ikke bli iverksattagainst which mot hvilke(n), mot hvilket, som... ikkeamong which blant hvilkefor which hvilket, somof which som... om• the letter of which I have informed you...brevet, som jeg har informert deg om... -
83 soft dollaring
See:Another reason managers are interested in controlling client commissions deserves special attention. "Soft dollaring" has got to be one of the most misunderstood and controversial practices in the money management business. The very term "soft dollars" suggests something shady and conjures up images of money exchanging hands in dark alleyways. Among laymen, soft dollars may be confused with "soft money" political contributions. There is a thin connection between "soft dollars" and "soft money." Since brokerage firms are not subject to the same rules pertaining to political contributions as municipal underwriting firms, large "soft money" contributions from owners of brokerage firms do find their way into politicians' coffers more easily than contributions from underwriters. However, it is important to not confuse the two terms.So what is "soft dollaring?" Soft dollaring is the practice whereby money managers use client brokerage commissions to purchase investment research. When a manager pays for products or services with his own money, directly from the research provider, this is referred to as "hard dollars." Payment with client commissions, financed through a brokerage firm, is referred to as "soft dollars." Through soft dollar arrangements money managers are permitted to shift an expense related to the management of assets they would otherwise have to bear, onto their clients. The amount of this research expense the money management industry transfers onto its clients is in the billions annually. As a result, any analysis of the economics of the money management industry should include the effects of soft dollaring; however, we are unaware of any that has. In the institutional marketplace, strange as it may seem, it is possible for a money manager to profit more from soft dollars than from the negotiated asset management fee he receives.The general rule under the federal and state securities laws is that a fiduciary, the money manager, cannot use client assets for his own benefit or the benefit of other clients. To simplify matters greatly, soft dollaring is a legally prescribed exception to this rule. Congress, the SEC and other regulators have agreed that as long as the research purchased assists the manager in making investment decisions, the clients benefit and its legally acceptable. A tremendous amount of strained analysis has gone into the precise policies and procedures that managers must follow in purchasing research with client commission dollars. Over the years a distinction has been made between "proprietary" research or in-house research distributed to brokerage customers without a price tag attached and "independent third-party" research or research written by a third party and sold to managers at a stated price. Third party research has been most frequently criticized because its cost is separately stated and the benefit to managers most obvious. In this latter case, a breach of fiduciary duty seems most glaring. However, it is well known that proprietary research, offered for "free, " is produced to stimulate sales of dealer inventory. So presumably this research lacks credibility and is less beneficial to clients. There have been distinctions drawn between products and services, such as computers, which are "mixed-use, " i.e., which may serve dual purposes, providing both research and administrative uses. An adviser must make a reasonable allocation of the cost of the product according to its uses, the SEC has said. Some portion must be paid for with "hard" dollars and the other with "soft." There are several articles in our Library of Articles that describe soft dollar practices, rule changes and our proposal to Chairman Levitt to reform the soft dollar business.The issue that soft dollaring raises is: when is it acceptable for a manager to benefit from his client's commissions? For purposes of this article we would like to introduce a new and more useful perspective for pensions in their analysis of soft dollars or any other brokerage issue. That is, all brokerage commissions controlled by managers, benefit managers in some way. Brokerage decision-making by managers rarely, if ever, is simply based upon what firm can execute the trade at the best price. Brokerage is a commodity. Almost all brokerage firms offer reasonably competent, "best execution" services. If they didn't, they'd get sued and soon be out of business. Most savvy brokerage marketers don't even try to differentiate their firms with long-winded explanations about best-execution capabilities. Best execution is a given and impossible to prove. If you want to understand how your money manager allocates brokerage, study his business as a whole, including his marketing and affiliates-not just the investment process.The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > soft dollaring
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84 cap
ˈkæp I
1. сущ.
1) головной убор а) кепка, шапка (в отличие от шляпы, hat) ;
фуражка (и другие виды форменных головных уборов, профессорских шапочек и т.д.) to place, put a cap on one's head ≈ надеть кепку, надеть фуражку bathing cap ≈ шапочка для купания service cap ≈ военная фуражка skull cap ≈ скальп cricket cap ≈ кепка для игры в крикет rugby cap ≈ кепка для игры в регби baseball cap ≈ бейсболка б) чепец;
колпак dunce cap ≈ дурацкий колпак (бумажный колпак, надевавшийся ленивым ученикам в классе в виде наказания) в) капюшон г) шлем;
каска Syn: helm, helmet д) кипа, ермолка;
скуфья;
тюбетейка
2) перен. подаяние
3) предмет, накрывающий что-л. с какой-л. стороны, обычно сверху а) шляпка гриба б) тех. колпачок;
головка;
наконечник;
насадка (сваи) в) верхушка, крышка г) облако, севшее на гору д) верхний пласт в залежи е) плюмаж( у птиц) ж) мед. противозачаточный колпачок з) капсюль (вид детонатора), пистон( игрушечного пистолета)
4) предмет, предохраняющий что-л. от внешних воздействий а) электр. цоколь( электролампы) б) пчелиный улей( на пасеке) в) корпус какой-л. конструкции, устройства, объекта и т.п. г) кулек, фунтик
5) сокращение от cap-paper а) оберточная бумага б) особый вид писчей бумаги в) название одного из размеров бумажного листа ∙ - percussion cap gun cap cap and bells cap and gown pay cap cap in hand the cap fits ≈ не в бровь, a в глаз if the cap fits, wear it ≈ если это замечание вы принимаете на свой счет, что ж, на здоровье to put on one's thinking/considering cap ≈ серьезно подумать to set one's cap (at, амер. for) ≈ заигрывать с кем-л.;
завлекать кого-л.
2. гл.
1) накрывать что-л. чем-л. а) надевать шапку, покрывать голову б) крыть, покрывать;
накрывать
2) снимать шляпу (в знак чего-л.) Soon I was well known and capped to. ≈ Скоро я стал знаменит, передо мной снимали шляпу (мне кланялись и т.п.)
3) перен. (может прямо не переводится) перекрыть, перещеголять;
перейти все границы;
хватить лишнего;
перен. быть выше чьего-л. понимания Well! that caps the globe. ≈ Да ну! Такого еще белый свет не видывал! Oates capped everything by charging the Queen herself with knowledge of the plot. ≈ Но всех превзошел Оутс - он объявил, что самой королеве было известно о заговоре. It caps me how this drunkard gets his work done. ≈ Я совершенно не понимаю, как этому пьянице удается делать свое дело. cap an anecdote Syn: to cap the climax, to cap all
4) возводить в определенный статус( вручая официальный головной убор) а) шотл. присуждать ученую степень б) спорт принять в состав команды;
выставлять на соревнования
5) вставлять капсюль, пистон, запал
6) завершать, вершить;
завершаться (часто прямо не переводится) Lodging with a friend in the house that caps the corner. ≈ Он жил с другом в доме на самом углу.
7) нищенствовать, просить подаяние (см. cap I
1.
2)) ∙ to cap the misery a fast rain began ≈ в довершение всех бед пошел еще проливной дождь II сущ. (обычно в функции обращения) кэп (сокращение от captain) III сущ. ампула с наркотиком (сокращение от capsule) If they were big dope pedlars, they gave you a cap (of heroin) for delivering something. ≈ Если ты имел дело с настоящими наркоторговцами, тебе давали дозу за доставку. шапка, головной убор - fur * меховая шапка - to touch one's * to smb. отдавать честь кому-л., приветствовать кого-л. кепка, кепи;
фуражка - peaked * (форменная) фуражка) - * insignia кокарда - * ribbon ленточка матросской бескозырки форменный головной убор;
шапка (обыкн. с гербом у членов сборных команд графства, университета, школы и т. п.) - square * головной убор с квадратным верхом( у английских студентов и профессоров) (разговорное) спортсмен, представляющий страну на международном состязании (носящий фуражку с национальным гербом) - to win one's * получить право представлять свою страну на международных состязаниях берет;
колпак (поварской, докторский и т. п.) ;
чепец (домашний, вдовий) ;
чепчик( ребенка) ;
наколка скуфья, камилавка (тж. black *) - forked * митра епископа головной убор католических священников ермолка;
тюбетейка;
скуфейка (круглая) шапочка (без полей) (профессора и т. п.) капюшон (историческое) шлем (тж. * of fence) ;
кивер;
каска верхушка, шапка - * of snow снежная шапка - cloud * (метеорология) облачная шапка - * rock (геология) покрывающая порода крышка, колпачок;
корончатая металлическая крышка (для укупорки бутылок) - eyepiece * (фотографическое) крышка объектива чехол;
футляр( техническое) колпачок;
наконечник;
насадка;
грибок( клапана) - * screw винт с головкой;
глухая гайка (медицина) противозачаточный колпачок (строительство) переклад;
капитель( колонны) (электротехника) цоколь (электролампы) ;
шапка (изолятора) чехлик (на почке или бутоне) ;
шляпка гриба (военное) наконечник снаряда;
капсюль;
пистон (тж. игрушечный) (морское) эзельгофт (американизм) (экономика) верхний уровень, предел, лимит писчая бумага большого формата( 14 х 17 д) - legal /small/ * бумага формата 13 х 16 д > * and gown форма английских профессоров и студентов;
студент > *-and-gown affair мероприятие, на которое нужно являться в форме > John Knox * головной убор преподавателей и студентов шотландских университетов > * and bells шутовской /дурацкий/ колпак > to wear * and bells разыгрывать шута;
паясничать > * acquaintance шапочное знакомство > * in hand в роли просителя;
униженно, подобострастно > I am not going * in hand to beg for help я не собираюсь быть просителем /молить о помощи/ > to send the * round пускать шапку по кругу, собирать деньги > to put on one's thinking /considering/ * задуматься( над чем-л.) ;
обдумывать( что-л.) > to put on the black * выносить смертный приговор (перед объявлением приговора судья надевает черную шапочку) > to set one's * at /for/ smb. пытаться женить кого-л. на себе;
охотиться за женихом;
иметь на кого-л. виды > to fit the * on принять замечание на свой счет > the * fits! не в бровь, а в глаз > if the * fits, wear it если вы принимаете это (замечание) на свой счет, что ж, вам виднее;
на воре шапка горит надевать шапку и пр.;
покрывать голову накрывать чехлом, колпаком, колпачком (специальное) насаживать( колпачок) ;
вставлять (капсюль) запечатывать (соты и т. п.) покрывать, увенчивать;
образовывать шапку - snow *s the mountain гора увенчана снеговой шапкой завершать;
венчать - to * the misery a fast rain began в довершение всех бед пошел проливной дождь перещеголять, превзойти - to * an anecdote ответить на анекдот анекдотом (обыкн. еще более остроумным, подходящим и т. п.;
в игре, на конкурсе) - to * verses поочередно читать наизусть стихи, начинающиеся с того слова, с той же буквы и т7П., на которых остановился предыдущий участник игры присуждать ученую степень (в шотландских университетах) снять головной убор в знак уважения, из учтивости;
обнажать голову (спортивное) (разговорное) принять в состав команды - to be *ed for представлять на международных состязаниях - he was *ed for England он выступал за Англию > to * the climax /the globe/ переходить все границы;
побить рекорд;
явиться верхом (чего-л.) > this *s it all! только этого не хватало!, это уж слишком!, хуже быть не может! (полиграфия) (профессионализм) прописная буква( полиграфия) (профессионализм) сокр. от capitalize( шотландское) (деревянная) чаша( для вина) ;
чара, чарка( сокр. от capsule) (сленг) капсула наркотика cap: black ~ судейская шапочка, надеваемая при произнесении смертного приговора black ~ черная малина cap верхушка, крышка ~ вставлять капсюль, пистон, запал ~ вчт. издание с использованием компьютера ~ кепка;
фуражка;
шапка ~ тех. колпачок;
головка;
наконечник;
насадка (сваи) ~ надевать шапку;
покрывать голову ~ перекрыть, перещеголять;
to cap the climax перещеголять всех, перейти все границы;
превзойти все (о поступках, выражениях) ~ пистон, капсюль ~ писчая бумага большого формата ~ покрывать, крыть ~ спорт. принять в состав команды ~ присуждать ученую степень (в шотландских университетах) ~ фиксированный максимум процентной ставки в облигационном займе ~ эл. цоколь (электролампы) ~ чепец;
колпак ~ шляпка (гриба) CAP: CAP: common agricultural policy общая сельскохозяйственная политика( ЕЭС) cap: cap: black ~ судейская шапочка, надеваемая при произнесении смертного приговора gown: ~ римская тога;
cap and gown см. cap to ~ a quotation отвечать на цитату еще лучшей цитатой;
to cap verses цитировать стихи, начинающиеся с последней буквы предыдущего стиха (в игре) ~ and bells шутовской колпак;
cap and gown берет и плащ (одежда англ. студентов и профессоров) ~ and bells шутовской колпак;
cap and gown берет и плащ (одежда англ. студентов и профессоров) gown: ~ римская тога;
cap and gown см. cap ~ in hand покорно, смиренно;
униженно;
the cap fits = не в бровь, a в глаз ~ in hand покорно, смиренно;
униженно;
the cap fits = не в бровь, a в глаз ~ перекрыть, перещеголять;
to cap the climax перещеголять всех, перейти все границы;
превзойти все (о поступках, выражениях) to ~ the misery a fast rain began в довершение всех бед пошел еще проливной дождь to ~ a quotation отвечать на цитату еще лучшей цитатой;
to cap verses цитировать стихи, начинающиеся с последней буквы предыдущего стиха (в игре) dress ~ амер. воен. форменная фуражка drop ~ вчт. буквица dust ~ вчт. пылезащитный колпачок dust ~s пылезащитные колпачки friar's ~ бот. аконит if the ~ fits, wear it = если это замечание вы принимаете на свой счет, что ж, на здоровье;
to put on one's thinking (или considering) cap серьезно подумать if the ~ fits, wear it = если это замечание вы принимаете на свой счет, что ж, на здоровье;
to put on one's thinking (или considering) cap серьезно подумать thinking: ~ мыслящий, разумный;
thinking part театр. роль без слов;
to put on one's thinking cap разг. серьезно обдумать( что-л.) to set one's ~ (at, амер. for) заигрывать (с кем-л.) ;
завлекать (кого-л.) trencher ~ головной убор с квадратным верхом (у студентов и профессоров в Англии) trencher: trencher = trencher cap if the ~ fits, wear it = если это замечание вы принимаете на свой счет, что ж, на здоровье;
to put on one's thinking (или considering) cap серьезно подумать -
85 free and easy
1. adj phr(free and easy (тж. free-and-easy))1) свободный, непринуждённый; чуждый условностей, предрассудков ( отсюда free-and-easiness непринуждённая манера держаться)‘It's well known, isn't it, that her circle is very free and easy?’ ‘I suppose so.’ (J. Galsworthy, ‘The Silver Spoon’, part III, ch. V) — - Всем известно, не правда ли, что люди ее круга свободны от всяких предрассудков и не признают условностей? - Кажется, да.
Lily... had grown up to be free and easy in her benavior, but she was pretty and well-mannered. (E. Caldwell, ‘The Sure Hand of God’, ch.1) — Лили... была очень хорошенькая, веселая и общительная девушка, к тому же прекрасно воспитанная.
...they were far too free and easy to suit Miss Pinnegar. (D. H. Lawrence, ‘The Lost Girl’, ch. 10) —...мисс Пиннегар не нравилось, что они держались слишком уж вольно.
2) бесцеремонный, безапелляционный, развязный‘You must not be so free and easy in your manner.’ Sally's eyes lit-up as they held him with their direct gaze. ‘Am I free and easy in my manner?’ ‘You address the men by their nicknames,’ Morris replied uneasily. (K. S. Prichard, ‘The Roaring Nineties’, ch.18) — - Ты не должна вести себя развязно. В глазах Салли вспыхнули огоньки, и она пристально посмотрела на Морриса. - По-твоему, я веду себя развязно? - Ты в глаза называешь человека его прозвищем, - отозвался он смущенно.
2. n phr; разг.He was free and easy with his friend's money. — Он распоряжался деньгами своего друга как своими собственными.
весёлая компания (особ. в баре)He was a frequenter of free and easies. — Он был частым посетителем кабачков.
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86 Noyce, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 12 December 1927 Burlington, Iowa, USA[br]American engineer responsible for the development of integrated circuits and the microprocessor chip.[br]Noyce was the son of a Congregational minister whose family, after a number of moves, finally settled in Grinnell, some 50 miles (80 km) east of Des Moines, Iowa. Encouraged to follow his interest in science, in his teens he worked as a baby-sitter and mower of lawns to earn money for his hobby. One of his clients was Professor of Physics at Grinnell College, where Noyce enrolled to study mathematics and physics and eventually gained a top-grade BA. It was while there that he learned of the invention of the transistor by the team at Bell Laboratories, which included John Bardeen, a former fellow student of his professor. After taking a PhD in physical electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953, he joined the Philco Corporation in Philadelphia to work on the development of transistors. Then in January 1956 he accepted an invitation from William Shockley, another of the Bell transistor team, to join the newly formed Shockley Transistor Company, the first electronic firm to set up shop in Palo Alto, California, in what later became known as "Silicon Valley".From the start things at the company did not go well and eventually Noyce and Gordon Moore and six colleagues decided to offer themselves as a complete development team; with the aid of the Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company, the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation was born. It was there that in 1958, contemporaneously with Jack K. Wilby at Texas Instruments, Noyce had the idea for monolithic integration of transistor circuits. Eventually, after extended patent litigation involving study of laboratory notebooks and careful examination of the original claims, priority was assigned to Noyce. The invention was most timely. The Apollo Moon-landing programme announced by President Kennedy in May 1961 called for lightweight sophisticated navigation and control computer systems, which could only be met by the rapid development of the new technology, and Fairchild was well placed to deliver the micrologic chips required by NASA.In 1968 the founders sold Fairchild Semicon-ductors to the parent company. Noyce and Moore promptly found new backers and set up the Intel Corporation, primarily to make high-density memory chips. The first product was a 1,024-bit random access memory (1 K RAM) and by 1973 sales had reached $60 million. However, Noyce and Moore had already realized that it was possible to make a complete microcomputer by putting all the logic needed to go with the memory chip(s) on a single integrated circuit (1C) chip in the form of a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). By 1971 they had produced the Intel 4004 microprocessor, which sold for US$200, and within a year the 8008 followed. The personal computer (PC) revolution had begun! Noyce eventually left Intel, but he remained active in microchip technology and subsequently founded Sematech Inc.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1966. National Academy of Engineering 1969. National Academy of Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1978; Cledo Brunetti Award (jointly with Kilby) 1978. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1979. National Medal of Science 1979. National Medal of Engineering 1987.Bibliography1955, "Base-widening punch-through", Proceedings of the American Physical Society.30 July 1959, US patent no. 2,981,877.Further ReadingT.R.Reid, 1985, Microchip: The Story of a Revolution and the Men Who Made It, London: Pan Books.KF -
87 free and easy
1) cвoбoдный, нeпpинуждённый; чуждый уcлoвнocтeй, пpeдpaccудкoв'It's well known, isn't it, that her circle is very free and easy?' 'I suppose so' (J. Galsworthy). Lily... had grown up to be free and easy in her behavior, but she was pretty and well-mannered (E. CaldweU)2) бecцepeмoнный, бeзaпeлляциoнный, paзвязный'You must not be so free and easy in your manner.' Sally's eyes lit-up as they held him with their direct gaze. 'Am I free and easy in my manner?' 'You address the men by their nicknames,' Morris replied uneasily (K. S. Prichard). He was free and easy with his friend's money -
88 area
'eəriə1) (the extent or size of a flat surface: This garden is twelve square metres in area.) área, superficie2) (a place; part (of a town etc): Do you live in this area?) zonaarea n1. área / superficie2. zona / región
área feminine noun taking masculine article in the singular area; área chica or pequeña goal area; área de servicio service area, services (pl)
área sustantivo femenino
1 (espacio delimitado) area
área de servicio, service area
2 (medida de superficie) hundred square metres
3 (deportes) la falta se produjo dentro del área, the foul was committed inside the penalty area ' área' also found in these entries: Spanish: alrededor - anticiclón - antinuclear - arrabal - arrasar - barriada - barrio - borrasca - cabaña - capítulo - castigo - circunscribirse - comisionada - comisionado - concurrida - concurrido - construcción - cuenca - deprimida - deprimido - desarrollo - expandir - expolio - extensión - franca - franco - francófona - francófono - huerta - inmediaciones - interfluvio - latitud - milimétrica - milimétrico - órbita - parcela - poblada - poblado - polígono - prefijo - propia - propio - radio - rellano - sector - superficie - tendedero - trascender - triangular - vasta English: area - area code - belt - danger area - demonstrate - disaster area - enter - extent - grey area - industrial area - lay-by - mark out - metropolitan - penalty area - penalty box - province - restricted - service area - unemployment - well-known - bay - brief - built - canvass - catchment area - center - central - comb - constituency - country - cover - depot - depressed - develop - development - diverse - division - enclose - enlarge - extensive - field - fringe - incoming - living - moor - narrow - neighborhood - nice - out - overtr['eərɪə]1 (extent) área, superficie nombre femenino3 (field) campoarea ['æriə] n1) surface: área f, superficie f2) region: área f, región f, zona f3) field: área f, terreno m, campo m (de conocimiento)n.• latitud s.f.• patio s.m.• recinto s.m.• región s.f.• superficie s.f.• zona (Telefónico) s.f.• ámbito s.m.• área (Matemática) s.f.'eriə, 'eəriə1)a) ( geographical) zona f, área f‡, región fin the New York area — en la zona or el área de Nueva York; (before n) < manager> regional
b) ( urban) zona f2) (part of room, building) zona f3) (expanse, patch)the shaded area represents... — el área sombreada representa...
the wreckage was scattered over a wide area — los restos del siniestro quedaron esparcidos sobre une extensa zona
4) ( Math) superficie f, área f‡; (of room, land) superficie f5) (field, sphere) terreno m; ( of knowledge) campo m, terreno mto identify problem areas — identificar* problemas
6) ( Sport) ( penalty area) área f‡ (de castigo)['ɛǝrɪǝ]1. N1) (=surface measure) superficie f, extensión f, área fsurfacethe lake is 130 square miles in area — el lago tiene 130 millas cuadradas de superficie or de extensión, el lago se extiende sobre una superficie or área de 130 millas cuadradas
2) (=region) [of country] zona f, región f ; [of city] zona f ; (Admin, Pol) zona f, área fin mountainous areas of Europe and Asia — en las zonas or regiones montañosas de Europa y Asia
catchment, disaster, sterlingthe London area — la zona or el área de Londres
3) (=extent, patch) zona fwhen applying the cream avoid the area around the eyes — evite aplicarse la crema en la zona que rodea los ojos
4) (=space) zona f•
smoking areas are provided — se han habilitado zonas para fumadores6) (Brit) (=basement courtyard) patio m7) (=sphere) [of knowledge] campo m, terreno m ; [of responsibility] esfera farea of study — campo m de estudio
grey•
one of the problem areas is lax security — una cuestión problemática es la falta de seguridad2.CPDarea code N — (US) (Telec) prefijo m (local), código m territorial
area manager N — jefe(-a) m / f de zona
area office N — oficina f regional
area representative N — representante mf de zona
* * *['eriə, 'eəriə]1)a) ( geographical) zona f, área f‡, región fin the New York area — en la zona or el área de Nueva York; (before n) < manager> regional
b) ( urban) zona f2) (part of room, building) zona f3) (expanse, patch)the shaded area represents... — el área sombreada representa...
the wreckage was scattered over a wide area — los restos del siniestro quedaron esparcidos sobre une extensa zona
4) ( Math) superficie f, área f‡; (of room, land) superficie f5) (field, sphere) terreno m; ( of knowledge) campo m, terreno mto identify problem areas — identificar* problemas
6) ( Sport) ( penalty area) área f‡ (de castigo) -
89 obscure
əb'skjuə 1. adjective1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) uklar, utydelig2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) ukjent, upåaktet3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) dunkel2. verb(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) formørke, skjule- obscuritydunkel--------mørk--------uforståelig--------uklar--------vagIverb \/əbˈskjʊə\/1) fordunkle, formørke, skygge2) ( overført) fordunkle, tilsløre, forvirre, tåkelegge3) ( overført) stille i skyggen4) (språkvitenskap, om vokal) redusereIIadj. \/əbˈskjʊə\/1) dunkel, mørk, matt, obskur2) utydelig, uklar3) vanskelig, uklar4) ubemerket, ukjent, lite kjent, obskur5) ubetydelig, lav, ringe6) avsides, avsidesliggende, bortgjemt, skjult7) ( språkvitenskap) redusert -
90 unfamiliar
1) (not well-known: He felt nervous about walking along unfamiliar streets.) ukjent, fremmed2) (not knowing about: I am unfamiliar with the plays of Shakespeare.) dårlig orientert om, ukjent med•- unfamiliarityukjentadj. \/ˌʌnfəˈmɪljə\/ukjent, uvanlig, uvant, fremmedbe unfamiliar to someone være ukjent for noenbe unfamiliar with something ( også) være lite bevandret i noe, kjenne dårlig til noe -
91 obscure
[əb'skjuə] 1. adjective1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) dimmur, óljós2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) lítt þekktur3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) torráðinn2. verb(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) hylja, skyggja á- obscurity -
92 unfamiliar
1) (not well-known: He felt nervous about walking along unfamiliar streets.) ókunnugur, framandi2) (not knowing about: I am unfamiliar with the plays of Shakespeare.) sem þekkir ekki til (e-s)•- unfamiliarity -
93 obscure
ismeretlen, tompa, zavaros, kétes hírű to obscure: elfed* * *[əb'skjuə] 1. adjective1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) homályos2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) ismeretlen3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) zavaros2. verb(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) eltakar- obscurity -
94 unfamiliar
szokatlan* * *1) (not well-known: He felt nervous about walking along unfamiliar streets.) ismeretlen2) (not knowing about: I am unfamiliar with the plays of Shakespeare.) nem ismer vmit, vkit•- unfamiliarity -
95 obscure
[əb'skjuə] 1. adjective1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) obscuro2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) obscuro3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) obscuro2. verb(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) obstruir- obscurity* * *ob.scure[əbskj'uə] vt 1 obscurecer. 2 turvar. 3 toldar, enevoar. 4 ocultar. 5 escurecer. 6 confundir. • adj 1 obscuro, vago, ambíguo. 2 ignorado, desconhecido. 3 escuro, sombrio. 4 indefinido. 5 duvidoso, incerto. -
96 unfamiliar
1) (not well-known: He felt nervous about walking along unfamiliar streets.) desconhecido2) (not knowing about: I am unfamiliar with the plays of Shakespeare.) pouco versado em•- unfamiliarity* * *un.fa.mil.i.ar[∧nfəm'iliə] adj 1 pouco conhecido, fora do comum, estranho, inusual, desconhecido. 2 que não é habitual ou familiar. to be unfamiliar with não estar familiarizado com, ser pouco versado em. -
97 obscure
adj. karanlık, loş, belirsiz, karışık, anlaşılmaz, telâffuzu zor, kuytu, ücra, gözlerden uzak, bilinmeyen————————v. karartmak, karanlık yapmak, belirsizleştirmek, gizlemek, örtbas etmek, saklamak* * *1. belirsiz 2. engelle 3. karart (v.) 4. belirsiz (adj.)* * *[əb'skjuə] 1. adjective1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) belirsiz2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) tanınmamış3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) anlaşılması zor2. verb(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) gizlemek, örtmek- obscurity -
98 unfamiliar
adj. yabancı, tanıdık olmayan, alışılmamış, alışık olmayan* * *alışılmamış* * *1) (not well-known: He felt nervous about walking along unfamiliar streets.) yabancı, alışılmadık2) (not knowing about: I am unfamiliar with the plays of Shakespeare.) yabancı, bilmeyen•- unfamiliarity -
99 obscure
[əb'skjuə] 1. adjective1) (not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.) mračen2) (not well-known: an obscure author.) neznan3) (difficult to understand: an obscure poem.) nejasen2. verb(to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.) zakriti- obscurity* * *I [əbskjúə]adjective ( obscurely adverb)temen, mračen, zakoten, skrit; nejasen (slika), moten (barva); figuratively neznan, nepomemben; figuratively slaboten (pulz glas)II [əbskjúə]nounpoetically tema, mrakIII [əbskjúə]transitive verbzatemniti, pomračiti; skriti (to komu); figuratively zasenčiti, postaviti v senco; linguistics oslabiti (vokal) -
100 seem
[si:m](to have the appearance or give the impression of being or doing: A thin person always seems (to be) taller than he really is; She seems kind; He seemed to hesitate for a minute.) zdeti se- seeming- seemingly
- seemly* * *[si:m]intransitive verbzdeti se, zazdeti se, dozdevati se, videti seI seem to be... — zdi se, da sem...it seems to me — zdi se mi, mislimit seems that he cannot deny it — videti je (kazno je), da ne more tega zanikatiI seem to have known them for ages — zdi se mi (imam vtis), da jih poznam že celo večnostso it seems — tako se zdi, tako je videtithere seems no need of help — zdi se, da pomoč ni potrebnaarchaic me seems, me seemeth — zdi se mi
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