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61 βωλήτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `fungus, esp. champignon' (Ath.)Other forms: also βωλίτης (Gp., Gal.), also `root' of the lychnis.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Lat.Etymology: From Lat. bōlētus (Sen.), which was called after the Spanish town Boletum (Niedermann IFAnz. 29, 31f.); but s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Doubtful Machek Lingua posnaniensis 2, 48: βωλήτης from the same source as Slav. bъdla `champignon'. (Not better Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. 1, 93.) - βωλίτης after the derivatives in - ίτης; its meaning `root' through influence of βῶλος. It was introduced in Latin (Plin.); Redard - της 70.Page in Frisk: 1,278-279Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βωλήτης
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62 γαῖσος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: a Gaulish javelin (Ph. Bel.).Other forms: also γαῖσον n.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Lat.Etymology: Like Lat. gaesum from Gaulish, but through Latin. - Cf. the PN Gaesāto-rīx, Gaeso-rīx, Vandal. Gaise-rīcus, Goth. Rada-gaisus. - Celtic OIr. gae, Corn. gew `javelin'. Here also OHG OS gēr, OE gār, ON geirr m. `spear'. Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 425, Pok. 410. - Further s. χαῖος. Acc. to Ath. 6, 273f. the word was Iberian.Page in Frisk: 1,282-283Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαῖσος
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63 γάλα
γάλα, γάλακτοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `milk' (Il.);Other forms: Rare forms dat. γάλακι (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. γάλατος (Pap.), τοῦ γάλα (Pl. Com.). - Also γλάγος n. (Β 471). Other forms: γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος H.; κλάγος γάλα. Κρῆτες H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν H.; and γλακτο-φάγος (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).Compounds: Old is γαλα-θη-νός `sucking milk' (Od.) from γάλα and θῆσθαι; on the suffix cf. ἀγανός etc. (Schwyzer 452), also τιθήνη. γαλακτο-πότης (Hdt.) etc. On γάλα as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.Derivatives: γαλακτίς ( πέτρα) name of a stone (Orph.) = γαλακτίτης (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53), both also plant names = τιθύμαλλος (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); γάλαξ name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); γάλιον s. v. - Adj.: γαλακτώδης (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: γαλακτίζω, γαλακτόομαι, γαλακτιάω. - With ξ (from τ assibilated before ι?) γαλαξίας ( κύκλος) `Milky Way' (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also γαλακτίας Ptol.); γαλάξια n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which Γαλαξιών months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον H. (cf. γάλιον); perhaps from *γαλακτ-μόν (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares ἀδαλτόμον. - γάλαγγα s.v. - From γλάγος late γλαγερός, γλαγόεις; also περιγλαγής (Π 642) and γλαγάω (AP). -Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. lac. - The basis of the Greek forms is * galakt- or * glakt- seen in γλακτο-φάγος (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to * glakt. From * galakt, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on γυνή) γάλα, and analogical γάλακτος. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the -t originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. yákr̥-t (s. ἧπαρ). As the nom. lost its final consonants (* galakt \> * galak \> γάλα), the intermediate stage could have given the t-less forms. The Armenian forms, class. kat`n, dial. kaxc` have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate *kaɫt`- with al \< *l̥ ) from *gl̥kt-m, *gl̥kt-s resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. lac MIr. lacht etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from *mlg\/k from the root of ἀμέλγω, is impossible (as this root was *h₂melǵ-). - Old Chin. lak `Kumys' in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. raky, araky; from where Arab. ' araq, Japan. sake etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. lac, Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. galaktar `Besänftigung, s. Tischler HEW.Page in Frisk: 1,283-284Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γάλα
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64 γάλακτος
γάλα, γάλακτοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `milk' (Il.);Other forms: Rare forms dat. γάλακι (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. γάλατος (Pap.), τοῦ γάλα (Pl. Com.). - Also γλάγος n. (Β 471). Other forms: γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος H.; κλάγος γάλα. Κρῆτες H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν H.; and γλακτο-φάγος (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).Compounds: Old is γαλα-θη-νός `sucking milk' (Od.) from γάλα and θῆσθαι; on the suffix cf. ἀγανός etc. (Schwyzer 452), also τιθήνη. γαλακτο-πότης (Hdt.) etc. On γάλα as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.Derivatives: γαλακτίς ( πέτρα) name of a stone (Orph.) = γαλακτίτης (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53), both also plant names = τιθύμαλλος (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); γάλαξ name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); γάλιον s. v. - Adj.: γαλακτώδης (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: γαλακτίζω, γαλακτόομαι, γαλακτιάω. - With ξ (from τ assibilated before ι?) γαλαξίας ( κύκλος) `Milky Way' (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also γαλακτίας Ptol.); γαλάξια n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which Γαλαξιών months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον H. (cf. γάλιον); perhaps from *γαλακτ-μόν (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares ἀδαλτόμον. - γάλαγγα s.v. - From γλάγος late γλαγερός, γλαγόεις; also περιγλαγής (Π 642) and γλαγάω (AP). -Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. lac. - The basis of the Greek forms is * galakt- or * glakt- seen in γλακτο-φάγος (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to * glakt. From * galakt, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on γυνή) γάλα, and analogical γάλακτος. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the -t originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. yákr̥-t (s. ἧπαρ). As the nom. lost its final consonants (* galakt \> * galak \> γάλα), the intermediate stage could have given the t-less forms. The Armenian forms, class. kat`n, dial. kaxc` have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate *kaɫt`- with al \< *l̥ ) from *gl̥kt-m, *gl̥kt-s resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. lac MIr. lacht etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from *mlg\/k from the root of ἀμέλγω, is impossible (as this root was *h₂melǵ-). - Old Chin. lak `Kumys' in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. raky, araky; from where Arab. ' araq, Japan. sake etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. lac, Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. galaktar `Besänftigung, s. Tischler HEW.Page in Frisk: 1,283-284Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γάλακτος
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65 γάλως
γάλως, -ωGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `husband's sister' (Il.)Other forms: Ep. dat. sg. and nom. pl. γαλόῳ, gen. pl. γαλόων (with metrical diectasis). γάλις γαλαός H. (s. below).Dialectal forms: Att. (acc. to Hdn. Gr.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [367] *ǵlH-ōu-s `husband's sister'Etymology: The Greek forms derive from *γαλ-αϜ-ο- (not *γαλ-ωϜ-ο-, Beekes, MSS 34, 1976,13ff), thematization of *ǵlh₂-eu-; this is probably an oblique stem from *ǵ(e)lh₂-ōu-s (formation as in πάτρως, μήτρως, s. vv.). Old genealogical term. Acc. to Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1918, 222f. originally the ummarried sister of the husband. Cf. Lat. glōs `husband's sister' (sec. `brother's wife'); the loss of the laryngeal in Latin is difficult, Schrijver 131. Arm. tal `id.' (i-stem; t- for c- after taygr `husbands brother', s. on δαήρ) and Slavic words, e. g. OCS zъlъva, Russ. zólva, zolóvka \< *-uu̯- (from - uh₂- after the feminines in -ūs?). Sanskrit has giri- `sister-in-law' from *ǵlH-i-. Unclear γέλαρος ἀδελφοῦ γυνή, Φρυγιστί H. (for *γέλαϜος? Hermann l.c.). - Oettinger (in Anreiter a.o., Man and the animal world, 1998, 649-654) points out that in Romance languages and dialects often `weasel' and `aunt' are homonyms, because of the behaviour of the aunt; for the same reason the IE terms could have been identical. The nature of the laryngeal is difficult to determine, unless the Hesychius gloss has *γαλαϜ-ος \< *ǵlh₂-eu-os ( γάλις could be *ǵlH-i-).Page in Frisk: 1,286-287Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γάλως
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66 γερδιος
γερδιος (accent unknown)Grammatical information: m. (f.)Meaning: `weaver' (pap. from IIa).Other forms: also γέρδιςCompounds: γερδιοραβδιστής (pap.), γερδοποιόν (Gloss.).Derivatives: Feminines γερδία ( Edict. Diocl.) and γερδίαινα (pap.). γερδιακός and γερδιών `weaving-shed' (pap.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Identical with Lat. gerdius (since Lucil.), further unknown. From Greek into Latin?. Hebr. girdā'ā `weaver' also from Greek acc. to H. Bauer in W.-Hofmann s. v. As the word is very late, a loan is probable. See Frisk III.Page in Frisk: 1,300Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γερδιος
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67 γρῡπός
γρῡπόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `hook-nosed, curved' (Pl.).Derivatives: γρυπότης (X.). Denom. γρυπόομαι `get curbed, of nails' (Hp.), γρύπωσις (medi.); γρύπτω, γρυπαίνω and, γρυμπαίνειν γρυποῦσθαι, συγκάμπτειν H. Thematic aorist ἔγρυπον (like ἔκτυπον) `become wrinkled', of the earth in an earthquake' (Melanth. Hist. 1); thus γᾶν ἐγρυμμέναν (Gortyn); idem γρυπανίζω (Antiph. Soph.) and γρυπάνιος (ib.); γρυπάλιον γερόντιον. η γρυπάνιον H. γρυπνόν στυγνόν (s. DELG) - Root noun γρῡ́ψ, - πός m. the mythological `griffin' (Aristeas ap. Hdt., A.), later the real `Lämmergeier' (LXX); cf. γύψ, σκώψ, γλαῦξ; also γρῦπαι αἱ νεοσσιαὶ τῶν γυπῶν. οἱ δε γῦπαι H. - γρυβός γρυψ H. after the nouns in - βος? (Chantr. Form. 261). Metaph. γρῦπες μέρος τῶν τῆς νεὼς σκευῶν καὶ ἄγκυραι H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: A connection with OE crumb, OHG krump ` krumm' is not very probable (the nasal difficult). The nasal in γρυμπαίνω could be Pre-Greek prenasalization but may be of Greek origin. The long u is difficult for IE (requires *- uH-). - Güntert Reimwortbildungen 132f. thought that γρύψ was γύψ influenced by γρυπός; which is not convincing. Grimme Glotta 14, 17 assumed a loan from Akkadian ( karūbu `griffin, cherub'; cf. Hebr. kerūb and Lewy Fremdw. 11f.) through Hittite. From the archaeological perspective origin in Asia Mindor (and the Near East: Elam) is very probable; DNP s.v. Greif; Hemmerdinger Glotta 48 (1970) 51f. (but not toAkk. karūbu); Wild, SBWien 241\/4 (1963) 3-28. It is not certain that γρύψ is related to γρυπός. The adjective makes the impression of a Pre-Greek word ( γρυμπ-) and this will be true of the mythical bird as well (whatever it ultimate origin); note γρυβός, which may well show Pre-Greek alternation. Fur. 175 assumes more variations on the basis of the Latin forms. Note also γρῦνος γρύψ H., which fits in Furnée's system as showing π\/F (236).- Through Lat. gryphus the word came in the WEur. languages (griffin. Greif).Page in Frisk: 1,329-330Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γρῡπός
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68 δίκη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `(the) way (of), custom, right, judgement, justice, lawsuit, trial, punishment' (Il.).Derivatives: Dimin. δικίδιον (Ar.; see Fournier Les verbes "dire" 116). - δίκαιος `right(ly)' (Il.); with δικαιότης `justice' (X.) and δικαιοσύνη `id.' (Ion.-Att.; see Porzig Satzinhalte 225), with sec. δικαιόσυνος (of Zeus); denominative δικαιόω `consider right, judge' (Ion.-Att.) with δικαίωμα `act of right' and δικαίωσις `lawsuit, punishment'; also δικαιωτήριον `place of punishment' (Pl. Phdr. 249a; like δεσμωτήριον etc.) and δικαιωτής `judge' (Plu.) - δικανικός `belonging to trials', often depreciative (Att.); the basis only in H.: δικανούς τοὺς περὶ τὰς δίκας διατρίβοντας H. The long ᾱ (Ar. Pax 534) acc. to Chantraine Anales de filcl 6, 45ff. from νεᾱνικός; see also Björck Alpha impurum 256f., 279f. - δικαϊκός `rightly' (M. Ant.). - Denomin. δικάζω `judge', Med. `go to law' (Il.; διαδικάζω Att.); from it δικαστής `judge' (Ion.-Att.) with δικαστικός `belonging to a judge\/justice' (Pl.) and δικαστεία `office of δικαστής' (inscr.); rare δικαστήρ `id.' (Locr., Pamph. etc.), f. δικάστρια (Luc.), with δικαστήριον `lawcourt' (Ion.-Att.) with the dimin. δικαστηρίδιον (Ar.) and δικαστηριακός (Phld.); from δικάζω also δικαστύς (Epigr. Samos; Fraenkel 1, 32 A. 2), δικασμός (Ph.), δικασία (Aq.; διαδικασία Att.), διαδίκασμα (Lys.), δίκασις (sch.). - Privative compound ἄδικος `unrightly' with ἀδικία and ἀδικέω, from where ἀδίκημα (al Ion.-Att.). - On the hypostasis ἀδικίου `because of unjustice' see Wackernagel Synt. 2, 288; on ἀδίκιον Wackernagel-Debrunner Philol. 95, 190f.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [188] *deiḱ- `show'Etymology: Though identical with Skt. diśā (ep.) `direction, part of heaven', δίκη is independent. Prob. from a root noun, seen in Skt. díś- `direction', also `way' and preserved in Lat. dic-is causā (Wackernagel in W.-Hofmann 1, 860). Kretschmer Glotta 32, 2 thinks that δίκη replaced an old word for `right', Lat. iūs, Skt. (Ved.) yóṣ `hail, luck'. The connection with right is old and also seen in Latin ( dicis causa, iūdex) and Germanic, s. δείκνυμι. - Diff. on δίκη Palmer Trans. Phil. Soc. 1950, 149ff. S. Kretschmer Glotta 13, 267f. Monograph D. Loenen. Dikè. Een histor. semant. Analyse. Amsterdam 1948 (Mededel. Nederl. Ak. v. Wet. Letterk. NR 11: 6).Page in Frisk: 1,393-394Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίκη
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69 δίσκος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `throwing disc' (Il.).Other forms: ̥Compounds: Compound δίσκ-ουρα n. pl. (Ψ 523) `throwing distance', from δίσκου οὖρα (Ψ 431), s. οὖρον 2..Derivatives: Dimin. δισκάριον (Orib.); further δισκεύς name of a comete (Lyd.; s. Scherer Gestirnnamen 107). - Denomin. δισκέω `throw the đ.' with δίσκημα `throw, what is thrown' (cf. the nouns in -( η)μα in the tragedy, Chantr. Form. 184ff.); also δισκεύω `id.' with δισκευτής (Arist.-Com.). - Unclear δίσκελλα σπυρίς H.; a Latin suffix seems improbable; cf. synonymous fiscella.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Fur. pointed out that *δίκ-σκος from δικεῖν `throw' is hardly possible. Because the suffix in nominal derivation is rare, one assumed a σκ-present, which is unknown. Fur. 297 etc. drew the conclusion that we have to start from *δικσ-, a variant of δικ-εῖν, which is Pre-Greek. Cf. on δίκτυον, which will have δικτ- (s.v.).Page in Frisk: 1,399Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίσκος
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70 δρῖλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: unknown, `circumcised man' (= verpus in Latin glosses) (AP, Amphissa; on the meaning Diels IF 15, 4-6.).Derivatives: δρίλακες βδέλλαι H. (Chantr. Form. 380).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No etymology. M. Scheller in Pok. 208 adduces δριάουσαν θάλλουσαν H. which like δριάεντα χλωρά is based on δρίος, pl. δρία `bush, shrubs'; the supposed meaning `swelling, Schwellender' (from where both `circumcized man' [: `penis'] as `leech') is quite in the air. - Against H. Petersson (Arm. titeṙn `crocodile') Kretschmer Glotta 14, 229. Other attempts by von Loewenthal WuS 10, 186 and Sapir Lang. 15, 185. See Bq. and κροκόδιλος; see also Diels l.c. (unclear to me).Page in Frisk: 1,417-418Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δρῖλος
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71 δρυπεπής
Grammatical information: adj.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From δρυ- and πέπων. Unclear is δρύππιος, said of ἄγρος (IG IX 1,61); also δρύπεπα (AP 6,191), which may be an isolated innovation. Idem δρύππα (AP 6,299); can it be a Latin form? Note that Ath. 56 said that acc. pl. δρυππας is Roman. Δρυπετής will be a later change of the form; it may have existed because of δρυπετεῖς ἀπὸ δένδρου πεπτωκυίας H.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δρυπεπής
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72 ἔαρ 1
ἔαρ 1., - ροςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `blood', metaph. `sap' (Call.; acc to H. Cyprian).Compounds: As 1. member in εἰαροπότης αἱμοπότης, ψυχοπότης H.; εἰαροπῶτις acc. to schol. T v. l. for ἠεροφοῖτις ( Έρινύς) Τ 87 (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 114 m. n. 1).Derivatives: NoneOrigin: IE [Indo-European] [343] *h₁esh₂-r̥ `blood'Etymology: Old word for blood: Hitt. ešḫar, gen. eš(ḫa)naš, Skt. ásr̥k, gen. asnáḥ, Lat. aser (Gloss., Paul. Fest.; form uncertain), Toch. AB ysār, B yasar, Latv. asins; extended form in Arm. ar-iwn (Kortlandt, Armeniaca 2003, 131f.. \< * esar). The original r-n-stem is maintained in Hitt. and Skt. - The vowellength will be due to metrical lengthening (old, Schulze Q. 165f.). - As in Greek by αἷμα (s. d.) the word was replaced in Latin and Sanskrit ( sanguis, rudhirám cf. on ἐρυθρός).Page in Frisk: 1,432Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔαρ 1
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73 εἴρω 1
εἴρω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `knit together',Other forms: mostly present, aor. εἶραι, ἔρσαι (Ion.-Att.; cf. Schwyzer 753), perf. med. Ptz. ἐερμένος, εἰρμένος (Ion. etc.), plusquamperf. ἔερτο (Hom.), perf. act. δι-εῖρκα (X.) `fit together', mostly with prefix, esp. συν-είρωDerivatives: ἕρματα pl. `earhangers' (Od.), `sling' (Ael.), also καθέρματα (Anacr.); ἔνερσις ( ἐνείρω) `fit together' (Th. 1, 6), δίερσις `sting through' (hell.); from present εἱρμός `connecting' (Arist.; on spir. asper s. below), συνειρμός (Demetr. Eloc. 180); - with ο-Ablaut ὅρμος `chain, collar' (s. v.), from where ὁρμιά, ὁρμαθός.Etymology: Beside the Jot present εἴρω (as simplex only Pi. and Arist.), with full grade, Latin has serō; this etymology supposes, that εἴρω lost the spir. asper, which is understandable as the simplex is rare compared with συν-είρω etc.; an aspirated εἵρω is mentioned by EM 304, 30 (s. Solmsen Unt. 292 n. 2). Also the verbal nouns may have the old aspir., if it did not arise sec. before ρμ (cf. Schwyzer 306). - Traces of the verb and nouns in: Italic, Osc. aserum `asserere', in Celtic OIr. sern(a)id `serit', nasal present, coincided with sern(a)id `sternit' (Thurneysen Grammar 133); further the nouns Skt. sarat f. `thread' (Lex.), OLith. sėris `thread'; further OWNo. sørvi n. `collar' (PGm. *saru̯ii̯a-), from where the old Germ. word for `weapon, equipment', e. g. Goth. sarwa n. pl. (PGm. *saru̯a-, IE *sor-u̯o-; with * sor-mo- parallel to ὅρμος); also Toch. A sark, B serke m. `wreath' (Schneider KZ 66, 259, Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 161; IE * sor-ko-, * sor-g(h)o-). - The parallel ἔνερσις = inserti-ō is due to parallel innovation. - Diff. on εἴρω Sommer Lautstud. 134. - W.-Hofmann s. serō.Page in Frisk: 1,469Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἴρω 1
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74 ἐλαία
Grammatical information: f.Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member ἐλαιο- refers not only to ἔλαιον, but also to ἐλαία, e. g. ἐλαιό-φυτος `planted with olives' (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. ἄν-ελαιος `without oil, olives' (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. ἀγρι-έλαιος = ἄγριος ἔλαιος (Thpr. usw.), χαμ-ελαία `Daphne oleoides' (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; γλυκ-έλαιον `sweet-oil', ὑδρ-έλαιον "wateroil", i. e. `oil mixed with water' (late).Derivatives: ἔλαιον n. `olive-oil, oil in general' (Il.); on the pair ἐλαία (- ος): ἔλαιον, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: ἐλᾱΐς f., acc. pl. ἐλᾳ̃δας `olive-trees' (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. ἐλᾳδιον (- ίδιον) `small olive-tree', also (from ἔλαιον) `a little oil' (Com., pap.); ἐλαιών, - ῶνος m. `thicket of olives' (LXX, pap.), `the olive mountain' (NT, J.), diminut. ἐλαιωνίδιον (pap.); ἐλαιεύς `id.' (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 21f.). Adj. ἐλαίϊνος, ἐλά̄ϊνος `of olive -wood, belonging to the olive' (Il.), `of olive-oil' (Orph. L. 717); - ίνεος `of olive-wood' (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of - ινος and - εος, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); ἐλαϊκός `of olive' (Aristeas, pap.); ἐλαιηρός `regarding oil' (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); ἐλαιώδης `oily' (Hp., Arist.); ἐλαιήεις `belonging to the olive' (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: ἐλαΐζω `cultivate olives' with ἐλαιστήρ, - τής `collector of olives' (Poll.) and ἐλαιστήριον `olive-press' (Mylasa); ἐλαιόομαι `be oiled' (Arist.) with ἐλαίωσις (Zos. Alch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Lat. olīva, from Greek, proves a basic *ἐλαίϜᾱ, with *ἔλαιϜον to Lat. oleum. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. ewɫ `oil', which comes together with ἐλαία, ἔλαιον from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,480Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαία
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75 ἕλμις
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: (Arist.), gen. ἕλμινθος (with new nom. ἕλμινς Hp.), also ἕλμιγγος etc.; also acc. ἕλμιθα (epid.); nom. pl. ἕλμεις (Dsc.). Difficult λίμινθες ἕλμινθες. Πάφιοι H.Compounds: As 1. member in ἑλμινθο-βότανον `herb used against worms' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: If the dental- and velar enlargements are removed (Schwyzer 510 and 498, Chantr. Form. 366 and 400) we get a word, that agrees in its ending with two other names for `worm'. (One is found in Indo-Iranian (e. g. Skt. kŕ̥mi-), in Albanian ( krimp), Baltic (e. g. Lith. kirmìs), Slavic (e. g. OCS črъmьnъ `red' \< * črъmь, slov. čr̂m `fingerworm, carbuncle'), Celtic (e. g. OIr. cruim). The other is limited to Latin ( vermis) and Germanic (e. g. Goth. waurms), but has relatives in Balto-Slavic (e. g. OPr. vormyan `red', ORuss. vermie `ἀκρίδες') and Greek (Boeot. PN Ϝάρμιχος; cf. also, with different formation, ῥόμος σκώληξ ἐν ξύλοις H.). Of these IE *kʷr̥mi- seems to be the oldest, both for its wide distribution, especially in frontier areas, as because it is etymologically isolated (cf. Porzig Gliederung 208f.). The riming *u̯r̥mi- may have been adapted to the verb *u̯er- `turn, bend' (cf. ῥόμος and ῥατάναν). A further innovation would be found in Greek because it connected the verb u̯el- `turn, wind' (s. 2. εἰλέω), which gave two further forms for `worm', εὑλή and Ϝάλη (written ὑάλη). (From Tocharian A one adds walyi pl. `worms'.) - The last mentioned (three) forms (with -l-) are clearly unrelated. The IE forms have -r-, but our word has -l- (so the word is not IE, as Furnée 290 holds). Though DELG does not think it necessary to take the - νθ- as a sign of Pre-Greek, I don't see why. Note that the form ἔλμιγγος also shows the typical Pre-Greek prenasalization (cf. acc. ἔλμιθα IG IV 12, 122,10 Epidauros). The form λίμινθες also rather suggests a Pre-Greek variant. Was it *lymi(n)t-? (with proothetic vowel a- which became e- before the palatal l?). Note that the NGr. forms λεβίθα, - ίδες confirm the vowel right of the l (see DELG).Page in Frisk: 1,501Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕλμις
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76 ἔντερα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `intestines, bowels', also sg. `gut' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐντερο-κήλη `breach of the intestines, Hernia' (Dsc., Gal.; s. Risch IF 59, 285, Strömberg Wortstudien 69).Derivatives: Deminut. ἐντερίδια (Com.); also ἐντέριον (M. Ant. 6, 13?; form and meaning uncertain); ἐντεριώνη `inside of a fruit, heart-wood of a plant, a tree' (Hp., Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 127f.); formation as ἰασιώνη, εἰρεσιώνη (Chantraine Formation 208); ἐντερόνεια (Ar. Eq. 1185) meaning unclear; acc. to H. and Suid. = ἐντεριώνη; adjectives ἐντερικός `of the ἔ.' (Arist.), ἐντέρινος `made from bowels' (Sch.); denomin. verb ἐντερεύω `take out fishes' (Kom.).Etymology: Old word for intestines identical with Arm. ǝnder-k`, -ac̣ pl. (Gr. LW [loanword]?, Hübschmann Armen. Gramm. 1, 447f.), identical with OWNo. iđrar pl. (PGm. * inÞerōz). The original adjectivial meaning in Skt. ántara-, Av. antara- `being inside', with Osc. Entraí dat. sg. *`Interae', name of a goddess; in Latin replaced by interior. IE * h₁enter-o, adjective from an adv. * enter, preserved in Skt. antár `inside', Lat. inter `between'. Besides OHG untar, Osc. anter `under' = `between' from the zero grade *n̥ter; further see Pok. 313, W.-Hofmann s. inter, interior, Ernout-Meillet s. in. - The basis is the adverb *en (s. ἔν) with the comparative-suffix - ter; s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 120f.Page in Frisk: 1,524-525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔντερα
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77 ἔντυβον
Grammatical information: ν.Meaning: `andive' Gp.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Lat. (Sem.)Etymology: The Latin word seems a loan from Semitic, André, Lexique 170; Hiltbrunner, Latina Graeca 174-177 and Archiv f. das Studium der neueren Sprachen 197,1960, 22f.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔντυβον
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78 ἡμεῖς
Grammatical information: pron. pers.Meaning: `we, us' (Il.).Derivatives: Possessive ἡμέ-τερος, Dor. ἁμέ-τερος, ἁμός, Aeol. ἀμμέ-τερος, ἄμμος `our'. The acc. ἁ̄μέ, ἄμμε go back on *ἀσμε (s. below) and gave through adopting nominal inflexion the nom. ἁ̄μές, ἄμμες, then also ἡμεῖς (from - έες) with the new acc. ἡμέας, and with irregular contraction ἡμᾶς. Then came the genetives ἡμῶν, ἡμέων, ἁ̄μέων, ἀμμέων. On the datives ἡμῖν etc. s. below.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [35] *ne\/os `we'Etymology: The archaic ἁ̄μέ, ἄμμε \< *ἀσμε agree exactly with Av. ahma `us'; in Skt. asmā́n `id.' it got the nominal ending. Other forms like Skt. nas (enclitic), Lat. nōs, Goth. uns \< IE *nō̆s resp. *n̥s show for *ἀσμε = Av. ahma IE basis with added element - sme: *n̥sme \< *n̥s-sme. The spiritus in ἁ̄μ-, ἡμ- could be analogical after ὑμ-. - The dativ ἡμῖν, Dor. ἁ̄μῑ̆ν, Aeol. ἄμμι(ν) from *ἀσμι(ν) recalls the Indo-Iranian demonstratives and interrogatives Av. ahmi, ásmin `in eo', Av. kahmi, Skt. kásmin `in quo?'; cf Cret. ὅτι-μι, μήδι-μι. The long - ῖν is an innovation (after the longvowel endings in ἡμ-ῶν, - εῖς etc.?). - Greek like Latin and Celtic lost the specific nominative for `we', Goth. weis, Hitt. u̯ēš, Skt. vay-ám etc. and used the acc. - Details Schwyzer 600ff.Page in Frisk: 1,635Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἡμεῖς
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79 θεός
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `god, goddess' (Il.);Compounds: myk. te-o. Very often in compp., e. g. ἄ-θεος, θεο-ειδής; θεόσ-δοτος after Διόσ-δοτος; on the form θεσ- s. θέσκελος, θέσπις. On θεσ- as magnifying prefix in MoGr. Georgakas Άθ. 46, 97ff.Derivatives: 1. θεά f. `goddess' (ep.; details in Lommel Femininbildungen 13f., also Wackernagel Syntax 2, 25; on θεά and fem. θεός in Hom. s. Humbach Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 7, 46ff.). 2. θέαιναι pl. `goddesses' (after τέκταιναι a. o.; in Hom. as metr. filling; not with Chantraine REGr. 47, 287 n. 1 archaic form; further Schwyzer 475 w. n. 7). 3. θεῖος `divine' (Il.; cf. below) with θειώδως adv. (pap.), θειότης `godliness' (LXX, NT, Plu.), θειάζω `prophesy, honour as god' (Th.), also with prefix, e. g. ἐπι-θειάζω `swear in the name of the gods' with ( ἐπι-)θειασμός (Th.) 4. θεϊκός `id.' (late). 5. Denomin. verb θεόω, - όομαι `make to a god, become a god' (Call.), mostly with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-θεόω `id.' (pap., Plb., Plu.) with ἀποθέωσις (Str.).Etymology: The connection with Arm. di-k` pl. `gods' (Bartholomae BB 17, 348) seems probable; further to Lat. fēriae `festive days', fēstus `feastly, fānum `temple', s. W.-Hofmann s. vv.; to Skt. dhíṣṇiya- Mayrhofer KEWA s. dhiṣáṇā. Arm. di-k` would come from IE * dhēs-es, and θεός could be *dhĕs-ós; cf. θέσ-κελος; θεῖος then from *θέσ-ι̯ος (Schwyzer 467). The ē: ĕ go back on * dheh₁s-: * dhh₁s-; this explains also the Latin forms, e.g. fānum \< * fasnom \< * dʰh₁s-nom; thus Rix, Kratylos XIV (1969) [1972] 179f. - The etymology as *θϜεσ-ός with Lith. dvasià `spirit', MHG getwās `ghost' (s. on θεῖον) can be abandoned; there is no trace of the F in Greek and it is impossible in the Armenian word.Page in Frisk: 1,662-663Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεός
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80 ἴλια
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: μόρια ( δῶρα cod.) γυναικεῖα; ἴλιον τὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ἐφήβαιον δηλοῖ. καὶ κόσμον γυναικεῖον παρὰ Κῴοις H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: In the last meaning one connected ἴλια with 2. εἰλέω `turn, wind' (cf. e. g. ἅλυσις) with ι for ει as in ἴλη. Another comparison is (Fick 2, 46) with Lat. īlia, - ium n. pl. `the soft, the lower part of the body, intestines, womb' (cf. on ἰξύς); perh. rather a loan (from Latin?) than old relation. - Several hypotheses in W.-Hofmann s. īlia; on the Germ. words mentioned there, ONo. īl f. `sole of the foot' etc., s. Lidén GHÅ 40 (1934): 3, 15ff.Page in Frisk: 1,722Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴλια
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