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21 πάταγος
A clatter, crash, as of trees falling, π. δέ τε ἀγνυμενάων (sc. γίγνεται) Il.16.769 ; π. δέ τε γίγνετ' ὀδόντων chattering of the teeth, 13.283 ; plash of a body falling into water, ἐν δ' ἔπεσον μεγάλῳ π. 21.9, cf. Pi.P.1.24 ; rattle or crash of thunder, Ar.Nu. 382, cf. Arist. Mu. 395a13 ;π. ἀνέμων D.H.Comp.16
; rumbling caused by flatulence, Hp.VM22 ; but never of the human voice (exc. in late Greek, βληχᾶσθαι καὶ κρώζειν ἐν ὑποκρίσει τὸν ἔξηχον π. Porph.Chr.35): hence βοῇ καὶ πατάγῳ χρεώμενοι means, with a great shouting and clashing of arms, Hdt.3.79, cf. 7.211 ;π. δορός A.Th. 103
(lyr.) ; (lyr.) ; , Ar.Ach. 539 ;π. χύτρειος Id.Lys. 329
(lyr.). (Onomatop. word.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πάταγος
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22 πρότερος
A [comp] Comp. [full] πρότερος, α, ον,I of Place, before, in front, π. πόδες the fore-feet, Od.19.228; π. ἵπποι horses in front, B.5.43:— but mostly,II of Time, former, earlier,ἄνδρες Il.21.405
;ἄνθρωποι 5.637
, 23.332; οἱ π. men of former times, 4.308 (rarely without Art., A.Ag. 1338 (anap.), etc.);οὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς π. τ' ἀνθρώπων Il.23.790
: also, older, opp. ὁπλότερος, 2.707, etc.; γενεῇ π. 15.182; but παῖδες π. children by the first or a former marriage, Od.15.22;παῖδες ἐκ τῆς π. γυναικός Hdt.7.2
; τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the day before, Od.16.50; ἠοῖ τῇ π. Il.13.794 (in Prose more freq. τῇ προτεραίᾳ, cf. προτεραῖος); τοῦ π. ἐνιαυτοῦ the year before, IG12.352.11; τοῖς π. Παναθηναίοις the preceding P., ib.57.8; τὰ π. what has preceded, Plot.3.2.8:—freq. used predicatively, sts. where we should expect the Adv. (which is never used by Hom.),ὅ με π. κάκ' ἔοργε Il.
3.351, cf. 16.569, Hes.Op. 708, etc.;σπονδὰς οὐ λύσετε πρότεροι Th.1.123
; οἱ π. ἐπιόντες ibid.;τοῖς π. μετὰ Κύρου ἀναβᾶσι X.An.1.4.12
, cf. IG22.1.7;εἰ μὴ π. ἑωράκη αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνος ἐμέ Pl.R. 336d
, cf. 432c, etc.;ὅτι εἴη π. ὑπὸ ἐκείνων ἠδικημένος
PCair.Zēn.288.9
(iii B.C.).2 as regular [comp] Comp., c. gen.,ἐμέο πρότερος Il.10.124
;π. τούτων Hdt.1.168
, cf. Pl.Phd. 86b, Hp.Ma. 282d;τὰς γυναῖκας μὴ ἀπιέναι προτέρας τῶν ἀνδρῶν IG12(5).593.19
(Iulis, v B.C.); τῇ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς τροπῆς the day before.., Arist.Pol. 1316a16;προτέρᾳ εἰδυῶν Ὀκτωμβρίων IG7.2225.14
(Thisbe, Senatus Consultum, ii B.C.); τῷ π. ἔτει Παναθηναίων τῶν μεγάλων ib.22.212.27;τῷ π. ἔτει τῆς ἥττης Plb.2.43.6
: folld. by ἤ, τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτεϊ ἢ τὸν κρητῆρα [ἐληΐσαντο] Hdt.3.47.III of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, superior, τῷ γένει, τῇ δυνάμει, Is.1.17, D.3.15; π. τινὸς πρός τι superior to him in.., Pl.La. 183b; π. τι ἄγειν, π. ποιήσασθαι τὰ σὰ πράγματα, Lib.Or.58.36,52.1.IV after Hom., neut. πρότερον freq. as Adv., before, earlier, Pi.O.13.31, Hdt.4.45, IG12.374.265, etc.; ὀλίγον π. Pl.Prt. 317e: c. gen.,π. φήμης A.Th. 866
(anap.);ὀλίγῳ τι π. τούτων Hdt.8.95
; πολλοῖσι ἔτεσι π. τούτων ib.96;ἐνιαυτῷ π. τῆς ἁλώσεως D.9.60
; also πρὸ τῶν Περσικῶν δέκα ἔτεσι π. Pl.Lg. 642d, cf. Criti. 112a; τούτου π. Paus.1.1.2: most freq. folld. byἤ, π. ἢ κατὰ τὴν προσδοκίαν Pl.Sph. 264b
; alsoμὴ π. ἀπαναστῆναι ἢ ἐξέλωσι Hdt.9.87
, cf. 7.54, Antipho 2.1.2, Th.7.63, etc.: with inf.,π. ἢ βασιλεῦσαι Hdt.7.2
, cf. Th.1.69, etc.: folld. by πρίν, Hdt.1.82; by πρὶν ἄν, ib. 140; by πρὶν ἤ with vb. in Indic., Id.6.45, 8.8, or Subj., 7.8.β (v.l. πρὶν ἂν ἢ), 9.93; alsoοὐ π. εἰ μὴ.. Plu.Lys.10
, etc.; οὐ π. ἕως.. , or ἕως ἂν.., Lys.12.71, Ath.14.640c;μὴ π., ἀλλ' ὅταν.. Plb.9.13.3
: also used with the Art., τὸ π. Pl.R. 522a, X.An.4.4.14, etc. ( τὸ π., also, for the first time, Ep. Gal.4.13): c. gen.,τὸ π. τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων Hdt.2.144
: the Adv. is freq. put between Art. and Subst.,ὁ π. βασιλεύς Id.1.84
;τὰ π. ἀδικήματα Id.6.87
;αἱ π. ἁμαρτίαι Ar.Eq. 1355
, etc.I as Adj.,1 of Place, foremost,πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα Od.18.379
; ἐν πρώτοις, μετὰ πρώτοισι alone, Il.19.424, 11.64; πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ, 15.340, 17.380; τῆς πρώτης τάττειν (sc. τάξεως) Isoc. 12.180, cf. Lys.16.15, etc.; ἐν π. ῥυμῷ at the front or end of the pole, Il.6.40, 16.371; πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν at the outermost doors, 22.66; π. ξύλον the front bench, Ar.Ach.25, Poll.4.121, etc.; οἱ π. πόδες, like πρόσθιοι, Id.1.193.2 of Time, στάντα πρὸς π. ἕω looking towards first dawn, S.OC 477;περὶ π. νύκτα Poll.1.70
.3 of Order, serving as ordinal to εἷς, ἄεθλα θῆκε.. τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ.., αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ.., κτλ., Il.23.265, cf. 6.179; opp. ὕστατος, 2.281, 5.703, etc.; opp. τελευταῖος, A.Ag. 314; opp. τανύστατος, Od. 9.449;πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.2.2
;τὰ π. τῶν ὀνομάτων Pl.Cra. 421d
;τῇ π. τῶν ἡμερέων Hdt.7.168
, etc.;π. ἄξων IG12.115.10
; ἐπὶ τοῦ π. [ἱερείου] first-offered, X.An.4.3.9; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις in the earlier books, Arist.Ph. 263a11, al.; ἐν πρώτοις among the first, Is.7.40; hence, above all, especially, Hdt.8.69, Pl.R. 522c; in [dialect] Att., ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι (v. ὁ, ἡ, τό A.
VIII. 6):—freq. used predicatively of being the first to do something,Νέστωρ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε Il.10.532
;πρῶτος ἀνατέλλει Eratosth.Cal.42
;εἴθε π. σοι ἐνέτυχον Luc.Tyr.21
.b Philos., first in order of existence, primary,αἱ π. οὐσίαι Arist.Cat. 2b26
, cf. Metaph. 1032b2; π. ὕλη, π. φιλοσοφία, ib. 1015a7, 1061b19; primitive, simple, οἰκία π., ἡ π. πόλις, Id.Pol. 1252b10, 1291a17; ἡ π. κοινωνία ib. 1257a19; ἡ π. ὀλιγαρχία ib. 1293a14; ὁ π. συλλογισμός normal, typical, Id.Rh. 1357a17; τὰ π. σώματα, μόρια,= τὰ ὁμοιομερῆ, Gal.5.673,674; πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν, e.g. health, perception, Stoic.3.34; τὰ π. πάθη ib.92; αἱ π. ἀρεταί ib.64.c Math., πρῶτοι ἀριθμοί prime numbers, Euc.7 Def.11,12; but also, first numbers (= 1 to 100,000,000) in the notation of Archim., Aren.3.2.d πρῶτος is sts. used where we should expectπρότερος, Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν Il.13.502
, cf. 18.92: in late Greek folld. by gen.,πρῶτός μου ἦν Ev.Jo.1.15
,30, cf. 15.18;οἱ πρῶτοί μου ταῦτα ἀνιχνεύσαντες Ael.NA 8.12
;πρώτη εὕρηται ἡ περὶ τοὺς πόδας κίνησις τῆς διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Ath. 14.630c
; , 4.404; ἀλόχου πρῶτος before his wife, IG12(5).590.5 (vi (?) A.D.).4 of Rank or Dignity, μετὰ πρώτοισιν among the first men of the state, Od.6.60, etc.;νομίσαντες πρῶτοι ἂν εἶναι Th.6.28
; διαβάλλειν τοὺς π. X.An.2.6.26, cf. Arist.Pol. 1266a18;αἱ π. πόλεις Th. 2.8
;ὁ π. ἄρχων IG12(3).481.10
([place name] Thera), CIG 2837 ([place name] Aphrodisias); ὁ π. τῆς πόλεως, as a title, IG12(5).292.2 ([place name] Paros);ὁ π. τῆς νήσου Act.Ap.28.7
; τῶν π. φίλων, title at the Ptolemaic court, PTeb.31.15 (ii B.C.), etc.; τῶν π., as military title, PHib.1.110.72 (iii B.C.), PPetr.3p.23 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 815 Fr.4.23,al.(iii B.C.): c. gen.,ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων Il.15.643
;οἱ π. στρατοῦ S.Ph. 1305
, cf. E.Hec. 304, etc.: c. dat. modi, ἀρετῇ π., οἱ π. καὶ χρήμασι καὶ γένει, πλούτῳ π. τῶν Ἑλλήνων, etc., S.Ph. 1425, Th.3.65, Isoc.16.31, etc.;π. ἐν συμφοραῖς βίου S.OT33
.II as Subst. in neut. pl. πρῶτα, τά,1 (sc. ἆθλα), first prize,τὰ π. λαβών Il.23.275
;τὰ π. δόρει κρατύνων S.OC 1313
;ἔχειν πρῶτα κυναγεσίας AP6.118
(Antip.);τὰ π. φέρεσθαι D.C.42.57
, etc.2 first part, beginning, τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὰ π. Pl.R. 392e; ἐν τοῖς π. Id.Smp. 221d;τὸ π. τοῦ ᾄσματος Id.Prt. 343c
.3 first, highest, in degree, τὰ π. τᾶς λιμῶ ([dialect] Dor. ) the extremities of famine, Ar.Ach. 743 (nisi leg. ἄπρατα); ἐχέτωσαν τὰ π. τῆς εὐδαιμονίας Luc.Cont.10
;ἐς τὰ π. τιμᾶσθαι Th.3.39
, cf. 56; φρενῶν ἐς τὰ ἐμεωυτοῦ π. οὔκω ἀνήκω I have not yet come to the highest development of my judgment, Hdt.7.13, cf. D.C.38.22; of persons, ἐὼν τῶν Ἐρετριέων τὰ π. Hdt. 6.100; Λάμπων.. Αἰγινητέων < ἐὼν> τὰ π. Id.9.78, cf. E.Med. 917; ἐστὶν τὰ π. τῆς ἐκεῖ μοχθηρίας (of a person) Ar.Ra. 421.4 Philos., primary things, elements, Emp.38.1, Arist.GC 335a29;τὰ π. αἴτια Id.Mete. 338a20
; alsoτὸ π. ἐνυπάρχον ἑκάστῳ Id.Ph. 193a10
.5 in Logic, the first undemonstrable propositions, on which all future conclusions rest, Id.Top. 100b18;τὰ π. ἀναπόδεικτα Id.APo. 71b26
.III in Adverbial phrases,1 τὴν πρώτην (sc. ὥραν, ὁδόν) first, for the present, just now, Hdt.3.134, Ar. Th. 662, D.3.2, Arist.Metaph. 1038a35, etc.;τὴν πρώτην εἶναι Hdt.1.153
.2 with Preps., ἀπὸ πρώτης (sc. ἀρχῆς) Antipho 5.56, Th.1.77;ἀπὸ τῆς π. εὐθύς Luc.Hist.Conscr.1
; ἐκ π. Babr.45.14;κατὰ πρώτας Pl.Plt. 292b
, D.C.52.19;κατὰ τὴν π. εὐθύς Id.62.3
; παρὰ τὴν π. the first time, opp. ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας, Philostr.VA 1.22.3 freq. as Adv. in neut. sg. and pl., πρῶτον, πρῶτα,a first, in the first place, πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον (vulg. ὕστερον) Hes.Th. 34;π. μὲν.., δεύτερον αὖ.., τὸ τρίτον αὖ.. Il.6.179
; τί π. τοι ἔπειτα, τί δ' ὑστάτιον καταλέξω; Od.9.14;Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ'.. Il.5.458
;οὐρῆας μὲν π. ἐπῴχετο.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. 1.50
;π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. S.OC 632
, X.Cyr.2.1.2,23, An.5.6.7-8, Hier.11.8, etc.;π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. Pl.Phd. 89a
, etc.;π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δεύτερον.., τρίτον δὲ.. Aeschin.1.7
;π. μὲν.., εἶτα.. Pl.Phlb. 15b
;π. μὲν.., εἶτα δὲ.. X. An.1.2.16
;π. μὲν.., εἶτα.., ἔτι δὲ.. Id.Mem.1.2.1
;π. μὲν..,.. δὲ αὖ.. Pl.Lg. 935a
;π. μὲν.., ἔτι δὲ.. Lys.4.10
, etc.;π. μὲν.., ἔτι τοίνυν.. D.44.57
; freq. answered only by δέ, Id.9.48, etc.; sts. the answering clause must be supplied, A.Ag. 810, D.7.7, etc.: alsoπρῶτον μὲν.. δεύτερον μήν.. Pl.Phlb. 66a
: alsoπρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. S.Tr. 616
, Ar.Pl. 728;πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.., εἶτα.. E.Med. 548
;πρῶτα μὲν..,.. δὲ.. A.Pr. 447
; πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. X HG7.1.7, cf. S. Ph. 919; ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω since my first meeting is with you, Od. 13.228, cf. 7.53, Il.8.274: also τὸ πρῶτον, first, in the first place, at the beginning,ὡς τὸ π. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα 4.267
;οὕνεκά σ' οὐ τὸ π., ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδ' ἀγάπησα Od.23.214
. cf. Il.3.443, 6.345, Pi.P.9.41, N.3.49; τὸ μὲν οὖν π. Pl.Prt. 333d, etc.; τὸ π..., μετὰ ταῦτα..D 1.12: also τὰ π., Il.1.6, Od.1.257, etc.;πόντῳ μὲν τὰ π..., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. Il.4.424
;τὰ π. μὲν.., ὡς δὲ.. A.Pers. 412
;τὰ π..., τέλος δὲ.. S.Fr.149.5
, cf. 966.b too early, before the time, ἦ τ' ἄρα καὶ σοὶ πρῶτα (v.l. for πρωΐ)παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλε Μοῖρ' ὀλοή Od.24.28
.c = πρότερον, before,ἢν.. πρῶτον ἀπόλωμαι κακῶς Ar.Ec. 1079
;π. οὐδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς.. κρατηθέντες X.HG5.4.1
; θάλασσα π. ἦν ἢ γενέσθαι γῆν v.l. in Heraclit.31;λόγῳ π. ἢ τοῖς ἔργοις Arist.Rh.Al. 1420b28
;οὐ π. αὐτὴν ἀπέκτειναν πρὶν ἢ ἀπεκύησεν Ael.VH5.18
;π. συμμελετᾶν ἢ μελετᾶν μαθέτω AP12.206
(Strat.).d first, for the first time,οὐ.. νῦν πρῶτα ποδώκεος ἄντ' Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι Il.20.89
;οὐ νῦν πρῶτον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλαι S.Ph. 966
;ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον ἔφαγον X.An.2.3.16
.e πρῶτον, πρῶτα are used after the relat. Pron. and after relat.Advbs., like Engl. once (= at all),οὐδ' ἐνοσίχθων λήθετ' ἀπειλάων, τὰς.. Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἐπηπείλησε Od.13.127
, cf. 3.320, 10.328, 13.133, Il. 1.319, 19.136; μοῖραν δ' οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν.. ἐπὴν τὰ π. γένηται when once he is born, 6.489, cf. Od.3.183, 4.13, 414;οὔτε.. Λυκίους ἐδύναντο τείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεὶ τὰ π. πέλασθεν Il.12.420
, cf. Od.11.106, 221; also ἐπεὶ τὸ (or τὰ) π. now that.., ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ π. ἀνέκραγον, οὐκ ἐπικεύσω now that I have spoken up, 14.467;τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπε Il.1.235
, cf. 276, 19.9: c. part., τῷ ῥ' Αἴας τὸ π. ἐφεζόμενος μέγ' ἀάσθη (the rock) on which once seatedA blasphemed, Od.4.509: the sense as soon as is never necessary in Hom., but is possible in Od.4.414, 19.355; δινέμεν εὖτ' ἂν πρῶτα φανῇ σθένος Ὠαρίωνος when once (or perh., as soon as), Hes.Op. 598; ὅπως τις πρῶτα γένοιτο πάντας ἀποκρύπτεσκε as soon as each was born, Id.Th. 156; ὡς τὸ π. X.An.7.8.14;τότ' εὐθὺς.., ὅτε πρῶτον εἶδον D.18.141
; αὖθίς με ἀνερέσθαι ὅταν ἐντύχῃς πρῶτον the first time you meet me, Pl.Ly. 211b;ἐὰν μάθω γε πρῶτον.. τί λέγεις Id.R. 338c
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρότερος
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23 ἐάν
ἐάν (so early Attic Inscrr., as IG12.3.20, εἰάν sts. after B.C. 400, ib.22.28.17, cf. PEleph.1.8,10 (iv B.C.)), also [var] contr. [full] ἤν and [full] ἄν,A v. ἤν, ἄν (B) [pron. full] [ᾱ], which by crasis with καί become κἄν:—if haply, if, regularly folld. by subj.: for its use and for examples, v. εἰ B. 11, and ἄν (A) B.1.1.II in Hellenistic and late Greek, = ἄν after relative Pronouns and Conjunctions, as ὃς ἐάν who soever, LXX Ge.15.14, PTeb. 107.8 (ii B. C.), Ev.Matt.5.19, al.;ὅσος ἐάν PPetr.3p.120
(iii B.C.), Ev.Matt.18.18;ὅστις ἐάν Ph.1.220
, M.Ant.9.23;ὅπου ἐάν Ev.Matt. 8.19
, etc.;ὅθεν ἐάν Gp.1.3.3
: folld. by ind., LXX 1 Ki.2.14. [The second syll. of ἐάν is long, S.OC 1407, Ar.V. 228, Sopat.6.9.] -
24 ἐπάν
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25 ἄγγουρα
Grammatical information: f.Origin: XX [etym. unknown] (late Greek)Etymology: Cf. Ngr. ἄγωρος, ἄγουρος `unripe, green, young man', ἀγουρίδα `unripe grape' from ἄ-ωρος `unripe, green' with a spirant as a transitional sound; secondary nasalization as in Ngr. Cret. ἄγγουρος `young, youngster', ἀγγούρι `gherkin'). From M. and NGr., MPers. angūr `grape', Egypt.-Arab. aǵǵūr `gherkin'. Kretschmer Glotta 20, 1932, 239f. - S. Cocco Arch. glott. ital. 54, 1969, 98.Page in Frisk: 1,8Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγγουρα
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26 κόλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `large intestine, ileum' (Ar. Eq. 455, Arist., Nic., Poll.); name of food preserved in a pot ( PSI 5, 535, 39; 46, IIIa), after Ath. 6, 262a = ἡ τροφή.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No convincing explanation. Bq points with hesitation to κυλλός `curbed', κελλόν στρεβλόν H. Others (Hoffmann BB 15, 47, Wood ClassPhil. 21, 341ff., Lidén KZ 61, 23) connect καλίδια ἔντερα. Κύπριοι H. (s. v.). Late Greek had the form κῶλον, through influence of κῶλον `member'. Fur. 131 connects χοάς `intestines', further χόλικες, γόλα ἔντερα. Μακεδόνες ( γόδα codd.), γάλλια ἔντερα, γάλλος = χόλιξ; none really convincing.Page in Frisk: 1,902Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόλον
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27 פרנדא
פְּרַנְדָּאf. (v. preced.) (שירא) שירה פ׳ pranda silk. Sot.48b משחרב … בטלה ש׳ פ׳וכ׳ when the first Temple was destroyed, the use of p. silk and of white glass was suspended. Sabb.20b שירא … וש׳ פ׳ לחוד silk is different from pranda silk. (Sachs, Beitr. II, p. 185 refers to late Greek πράνδιοι πράνδιον fillet, S.), from which he derives French frange, Engl. fringe. -
28 פְּרַנְדָּא
פְּרַנְדָּאf. (v. preced.) (שירא) שירה פ׳ pranda silk. Sot.48b משחרב … בטלה ש׳ פ׳וכ׳ when the first Temple was destroyed, the use of p. silk and of white glass was suspended. Sabb.20b שירא … וש׳ פ׳ לחוד silk is different from pranda silk. (Sachs, Beitr. II, p. 185 refers to late Greek πράνδιοι πράνδιον fillet, S.), from which he derives French frange, Engl. fringe. -
29 σύρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to draw, to trail, to drag, to pull, to ravish, to sweep'(IA.).Other forms: Aor. σῦραι, pass. σῠρῆναι (late), fut. συρῶ (LXX), perf. σέσυρμαι, - κα (hell. a. late).Compounds: Very often w. prefix in diff. shades of meaning, e.g. δια- (also `to hackle, to mock'), ἐπι- (also `to be, treat neglectful etc.'), κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member in σύργαστρος (s.v.)?Derivatives: 1. σύρμα ( ἀπό-, ἐπί-, παρά-, περί-) n. `train-dress, sweepings, dragging movement' (Ion., X., hell. a. late) with συρμα-τῖτις κόπρος `manure-heap consisting of sweepings' (Thphr.; Redard 109), - τικη φωνή `drawn-out accent' (VIIp), - τὶς στρατιά ἡ τὰ συμψήγματα καὶ φρύγανα σύρουσα καὶ συλλέγουσα H. 2. συρμός ( ἐπι-, περι-, ὑπο-) m. `grinding, dragging, pulling movement' (of a wind, a gulf, a meteor, a snake a.o.; Arist. etc), `the vomiting' (Nic.); δια- σύρω `the pulling apart, to bemock' (hell. a. late); from this συρ-μάδες f. pl. `snowdrifts' (late), - μαία, Ion. - μαίη f. `vomitive, radish' (Ion., Ar. etc.), also name of a Lacon. priestrank (inscr., H.), with - μαΐζω `to take a vomitive', -μαϊσμός m. (Hdt., medic.), - μίον λάχανόν τι σελίνῳ ἐοικός H., - μιστήρ ξυλο-πώλης H. 3. συρμή f. `trailing tail of a snake' (sch.). -- 4. σύρ-της m. `towing-rope' (Man., H.), - τῶν gen. pl. (nom. sg. - της or - τός) name of a dance (Akraiphia Ip), διασύρ-της m. `slanderer' (Ptol.), δια-, ἐκ-συρτικός (hell. a. late). 5. ἀνασυρτ-όλις f. `lewd woman' (Hippon.; cf. οἰφόλις and Chantraine Form. 237 f.). 6. Prob. also Σύρτις f. name of a sea-gulf on the northcoast of Africa with sandy shores and dangerous breakers (Hdt. etc.) as "the pulling one" (cf. v. Wilamowitz on Tim. Pers. 99); metaph. `destruction' (Tim. Pers. 99, H.). 7. σύρσις f. ( διά- σύρω) `the drawing of a plough' (late). -- With φ -enlargement: 8. σύρφη φρύγανα H. 9. συρφ-ετός m. `sweepings, filth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a.o.), `rabble' (Pl. a.o.) with - ετώδης `vulgar' (Plb., Luc. a.o.); cf. νιφετός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 300, Schwyzer 501). 10. -ᾱξ m. `rabble' (Ar. V. 673 [anap.], Luc.), popular-hypocoristic formation. -- On σύρφος s. σέρφος. Cf. ἀσυρής.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Prob. to σαίρω `sweep' (s. v. w. lit.), but without certain cognates outside Greek. With σύρφ-η, - ετός, - αξ one compares a Germ. word for `sweep, turn (sweep turning), wipe off' in Goth. af-, bi-swairban ' εξαλεῖψαι, ἐκμάξαι', OHG swerban `drive quickly to and fro, whirl, wipe off' etc., to which also Celt., e.g. Welsh chwerfu `whirl, turn around' (Persson Stud. 55, WP. 2, 529f., Pok. 1050f. w. lit.). The semant. certainly possible connection presents the same phonetic problem as σέλας, σῦς etc. (s. vv.). In auslaut agrees σύρφη, prob. not accidentally, to the synonymous κάρφη; so formally influenced by it? An old variation bh: m in σύρ-φη: συρ-μός (Specht Ursprung 269) does not help; but it would show Pre-Greek origin -- The connection with σαίρω, both from *tu̯r̥- is hardly convincing.Page in Frisk: 2,823-824Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύρω
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30 σκάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa Ia). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. Ip); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IVa)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VIp, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.Page in Frisk: 2,718-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάπτω
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31 στῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `column, pillar, support' (Dor. Ion., trag., hell. a. late), also = Lat. stilus (late; cf. Sempoux Rev. belge de phil. 39, 736ff.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. στυλο-βάτης, Dor. -τᾱς m. `foot of a doric column', compound of στῦλος and βῆ-ναι with τᾱ-suffix (Dor. inscr., Pl. Com. a.o.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 34 a. 200f.), τετρά-στυλος `consisting of four columns', - ον n. `colonnade of four columns' (inscr. a. pap. Rom. empire a.o.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: στυλ-ίς f. (Att. inscr. a.o.), - ίσκος m. (Hp., hell. a. late), - ίδιον n. (Str.), - άριον n. (pap. IIIp). 2. - ίτης m. `standing on one column, stylite' (Suid.; Redard 27), f. - ίτισσα (Amasia; after Φοίνισσα, βασίλισσα a.o.). 3. Denom. verbs: - όω (also ὑπο-, δια-, ἀπο-) `to support with columns' (hell. a. late) with ( ὑπο-)στύλ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late); - ίζω meaning uncertain (Ostr.) with ὑποστυλ-ισμός `support' (pap. IIp).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Beside στῦ-λος stands in Indoiran. Av. stū̆-na- m., stu-nā f., Skt. sthū-ṇā f. (on ṇ Mayrhofer Mél. d'indianisme [Paris 1968] 509 f.) `pillar' with suffixal l-n-variation (Benveniste Origines 43); the basic verb is in Greek represented by στύω (s. v.). Here also with diff. ablaut σταυρός and στοά (s. vv.). Cf. further στύπος. -- The length of the vowel is rather difficult with the proposed etymology; I rather suspect that the word is of Pre-Greek originPage in Frisk: 2,813Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στῦλος
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32 σίναπι
Grammatical information: ν.Meaning: `mustard, mustard plaster'. Can be found in late Lat. senpecta; s. Svennung Riv. fil. class. 95, 65 ff.Compounds: A comp. is *σιναπο-πηκτη.Derivatives: σινάπιον (EM, gloss.), - ίδιον (Alex. Trall.), - ινος `of mustard' (Dsc., Gal.), - ηρός `spiced with mustard' (pap.). - ίζω `apply a mustard plaster' with - ισμός (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Comparable variants are found in words of Egyptian origin ( σίλι: σέσελι, σάρι: σίσαρον), so the word has been thought to be of Egypt. origin (Hehn Kulturpflanzen 211, André Latomus 15, 296ff; rejected by Mayrhofer Sprache 7, 185ff.) Against the theory of Austro-Asiatic origin Kretschmer Glotta 27, 249f and Wüst Ρῆμα 2, 59ff, Anthropos 54 (1959) 987f. On the Greek forms Björck Alpha impurum 289f. The word can be found in late Lat. senpecta; s. Svennung Riv. fil. class. 95, 65 ff. Lat. LW [loanword] nāpus `turnip' (Plin.) and sinapi(s) `mustard'; from the last Goth. sina(s) , OHG senf etc. -- The form clearly goes back to a Pre-Greek *synāpi with palatalized s; this may develop before consonant into σι (cf. κνώψ: κινώπετον, λασιτός: λάσται) cf. Beekes FS Kortlandt). If an i was not introduced, * sn- would have normally developed to ν- in Greek (cf. νεῦρον), but the σ- might have been retained, giving *σναπυ.See also: s. νᾶπυ.Page in Frisk: 2,708Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σίναπι
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33 στρεβλός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `turned, twisted, crooked, cunning' (IA.)Derivatives: - ότης f. `crook, perversity' (Plu. a.o.). - όω, also w. δια-, κατα-, `to twist, to dislocate, to torture, to torment' (IA.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτήριος; also - ευμα n. (: *στρεβλεύω) `perversion' (Sm.). Also στρέβλη f. `winch, roll, screw', also as instrument of torture (A., Arist., Plb. etc.); formation as σμί-λη a.o., backformation from στρεβλόω or substant. of στρεβλός? -- A. With o-vowel: στρόβος m. `whirl' (A. Ag. 657, H.). From this 1. στρόβ-ῑλος m. `top, whirlwind, whirlpool, fir-cone etc.' (Att., hell. a. late; cf. ὅμ-ῖλος a.o.) with - ίλιον, - ιλίτης, - ιλέα, - ιλᾶς, - ιλεών, - ίλινος, - ιλώδης, - ιλίζω, - ιλόω (all late). 2. - ίλη f. `cone made of lint' (Hp.). 3. - εύς m. name of a fuller's instrument (sch.). 4. - εία f. `fullery?' (Delos IIIa). 5. στροβελός σοβαρός, τρυφερός; - ελόν σκολιόν, καμπύλον H. 6. στροβανίσκος τρίπους H. 7. στροβάζων συνεχῶς στρεφόμενος H. 8. στροβέω, somet. w. δια- a.o., `to turn around in circles, to move violently, to distract' (A., Ar., hell. a. late), prob. old deverbat. Here wit nasal infix στρόμβος m. `top' (Ξ 413), `whirlwind' (A. Pr. 1084), `snail-shell, snail etc.' (Arist., hell. poet.) with - ο-ειδής, - ώδης (Arist. a.o.), - εῖον, - ιλος, - ηδόν, - έω, - όω (rae a. late). -- B. With α-vowel (zero grade?): στραβός `squinting' (medic.), with - ων `id.' ( Com. Adesp.), also PN, - αξ PN, - ότης f. `squint' (Orib. a.o.), - ίζω `to squint' (H., EM) with - ισμός (Gal. a.o.). The orig. meaning still in στραβο-πόδης `with twisted feet' (Hdn.). Further στράβηλος m. f. `wild olive-tree' (Pherecr. in lyr.), name of a snail (S. Fr. 324, Arist. a.o.); στραβαλός ὁ στρογγυλίας καὶ τετράγωνος ἄνθρωπος. Άχαιοί H.; στραβεύς κωπεύς H. (Chantraine Étrennes Benveniste 17). On ἀστραβής s. v. -- C. On themselves stand some forms wit - οι-: στροῖβος δῖνος H. ( στροιβός δεινός cod.); Στροῖβος also Att. PN; πολύ-στροιβος `rich of whirls', of θάλασσα, Νεῖλος (Nic.), after πολύ-φλοισβος; from there the simplex στροῖβος etc.? Further στροι-βᾶν ἀντιστρέφειν, στροίβηλος ἔπαρμα πληγῆς ἐν κεφαλῃ̃H. Also with - ει- in Thess. Στρειβουνείοι (: *Στρείβων) ? s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 210. -- Lat. LW [loanword] strabus, strabō, strambus, also scriblĩta f. des. of a cake from *στρεβλίτης ( ἄρτος); s. W.-Hofmann s.v. and Leumann Sprache 1, 206f. (= Kl. Schr. 173).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: As so many words in - β- the above group as a whole has a popular-expressive character. The primary verb that belongs here has an aspirate, s. στρέφω. -- I don't think that the word has anything to do with στρέφω. The word is rather Pre-Greek (note the prenasalization in στóμβος; the suffix in στραβ-αλ-, στροβ-αν-; the suffix - ιλ- is frequent in Pre-Greek. The variation α\/ο\/οι is unknown to me. None of the words is discussed by Furnée.)Page in Frisk: 2,806-807Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρεβλός
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34 μῠδάω
μῠδάωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `be damp, deteriorate by dampness' (Ion. poet., Plb.)Derivatives: μῡδ-αλέος ( δια- μῠδάω A. in lyr.) `wet, dripping' (since Λ 54), - αλόεις `id.' (AP); μῠ́δος m. `wetness, putrefaction' (Nic.) with μυδόεις = μυδαλέος (Nic.), μυδών, - ῶνος m. `putrefaction of an ulcer' (Poll.). ( δια-)μύδησις `id.' (medic.), μῡδαίνω, also with δια-, `moisten, make wet' (A. R., Nic.). -- To μύδρος, which may be cognate, and μύζω `suck', which was wrongly connected, s. v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Whether the late and rare μύδος must be sonsidered as the basis of the Greek group, may be doubted, s. below. As basis of the early attested μυδαλέος (as ἰκμαλέος, ἀζαλέος a.o.) may have served both a verb and a noun (cf. Debrunner IF 23, 5, Chantraine Form. 253 f.); beside this adj. with metr. lengthened (?) ῡ there was (after αὑαλέος: αὑαίνω ets.) μυδαίνω with analogical (?) long vowel (Schulze Q. 169 ff.). μυδάω too is ambiguous; it can be a denomin. of μύδος, but it can be understood as well as a deverbative formation (cf. Schwyzer 719, also 682 on μαδάω); then μύδος would be a late backformation. -- The comparable non-Greek words do not clarify the situation: Lith. máudyti `bathe' (full grade iterative, prob. with secondary d to Latv. maût `submerge, swim'); Skt. mudira- m. `cloud' (class.), also `frog' and `lover' (lex.); in all meanings prob. from múd- f. `lust, joy', módate `be gay'. The meaning makes the connection with μυδάω rather doubtful; one compares mádati also `be gay' beside μαδάω (s.v.). Further from Germ. Dutch mot `fine rain' a.o. -- WP. 2, 250f., Pok. 741 f., Fraenkel s. maudà, máudyti, mudà, Vasmer s. múslitь, W.-Hofmann s. 1. mundus; many more forms and lit. Cf. μύσος and μυλάσασθαι. - IE connection is uncertain. Lith. mudrùs `lively' cannot have IE * mud- which would have given a long ū (so it must have been * mudh-). Fur. 249f., 259 connects μύσος and takes δ\/σ as Pre-Greek. The variation of the length can also be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,263Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῠδάω
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35 σκέπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to look around, to look back, to spy, to contemplate, to consider, to survey' (Il; Att. has fo it σκοπέω, - έομαι; s. below)Other forms: Aor. σκέψασθαι (Od.), fut. σκέψομαι, perf. ἔσκεμμαι (IA.), aor. pass. σκεφθῆναι (Hp.), σκεπ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι (LXX).Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: 1. σκέψις ( ἐπί-, κατά- σκέπτομαι a.o.) `contemplation, deliberation, examination' (IA.). 2. σκέμ-μα (rarely w. δια- a. o.) `examination, problem' (Hp., Pl. a. o.). 3. σκεπτ-οσύνη f. = σκέψις (Timo, Cerc.). 4. - ήριον n. `test' (Man.). 5. - ικός ( ἐπι-, δια- σκέπτομαι) `cogitating, revising', οἱ σκέπτομαι name of a philos. sect (hell. a. late). B. With ο-ablaut: 1. σκοπός m. (f.) `spy, guard, scout; goal, purpose' (Il.) with hypostases: ἐπί-σκοπος, adv. -α `hitting the goal' (Hdt., trag., late), ἀπό-σκοπος `missing the goal' (Emp.); σκόπ-ιμος `purposive, appropriate' (late; Arbenz 97); as 2. member, e.g. οἰωνο-σκόπος m. `bird-watcher' with - έω, - ία, - ικός, - εῖον (E., hell. a. late). 2. To the prefixcompp.: ἐπί-, κατά-, πρό-σκοπος m. `spy, supervisor, foresighted etc.' (Hom., Pi., IA.). 3. σκοπή ( κατα-, ἐπι- a. o.) f., the spying, watch-tower' (Att. etc.) with σκοπάω (Ar. Fr. 854). 4. σκοπιά, Ion. - ιή f. `mountain-, castle-watching-place, mountain-summit, watch-tower' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose; favoured by the metre, Scheller Oxytonierung 82 f.) with σκοπ-ιήτης m. `summit dweller' = Πάν (Paus.), - ιάζω ( ἀπο-) `to spy, to look out' (ep. Il.), - ιάομαι `to percieve' (Il.; only w. δια-). 5. σκοπέω, - έομαι iterat.-intensive to σκέπτομαι (Pi., IA.), non-pres. forms late: σκοπ-ῆσαι, - ήσασθαι, - ήσω, - ήσομαι, ἐσκόπημαι. 6. σκοπεύω ( κατα-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-), prob. second. for σκοπέω (Schwyzer 732; X., LXX, pap. etc.) with σκόπ-ευσις, - ευτής (Aq.), - εῖα n. pl. (Procl.). -- S. also σκόπελος and σκώψ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [984] *speḱ- `see sharply, spy'Etymology: As old yot-present σκέπτομαι stands with metathesis (Schwyzer 268) for *σπέκ-ι̯ομαι, which is identical with Lat. speciō, Av. spasyeiti and (except for anl. s-) with Skt. páśyati `see'. The aor. σκέψασθαι too can in the same way be identified with Lat. spexī ; in both cases we have however to do with innovations against the suppletive Skt. ádarśam, 3. pl. ádr̥śan (s. δέρκομαι). Through the iterative-intensive σκοπέω, - έομαι a new opposition was created in Greek to σκέψασθαι etc. in the same way as Skt. pásyati: ádarśam, ὁράω: εἶδον. -- Semant. and phonetic identity is also found in σκοπός and Skt. spaśa- `spy', which is enlarged from spaś- (s. below; Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 90); to this further OWNo. spār `predicting' from PGm. * spaha- (IE *spóḱo-). Thus σκοπή agrees, but for the accent, with OWNo. spā f. `prophesy' from PGm. * spahō (IE *spóḱā). Greek does not have the old root noun Skt. spaś-, Av. spas- `spy', Lat. haru-spex a. o., from which σκέπτομαι etc. prob. arose as denominative. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 2, 659f., Pok. 984, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. speciō. NGr. forms in Caratzas Glotta 33, 322 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,725-726Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέπτομαι
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36 στυππεῖον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `oakum, tow, coarde fibre of flax or hemp' (Hdt., X., D., hell. a. late).Compounds: Compp., e.g. στυππειο-πώλης m. `oakum-dealer' (Ar., Critias, inscr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Rare στύππ-η f. `oakum, coarse flax' (J. ap. Suid. s. v.), - αξ (also στύππαξ) m. joking short form for στυππειο-πώλης (Ar. Fr. 696); also στύπος = στύππη ( κάλοι ἀπὸ στύπου Gal.). -- The rare στύππη, which from a Dorian colony in Lower Italy came in Latin ( stuppa, stūpa; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.), was in Greek replaced by the derivation στυππεῖον (after the instr. nouns and other concreta in - εῖον); besides στίππυον (- ύον?; accent uncertain) after θρύον, γήθυον a. o. with concomitant dissim. στυππ- \> στιππ-. -- No certain agreement outside Greek. Of old (Curtius 216 a.o.) compared with Skt. stū́pa-, stupá- m. `crown' further connected with στύφω; s. v. -- Furnée 259 etc. compares τοπει̃̃ον `cord, rope' without further comment; if this is correct, it shows that the word is Pre-Greek. The variations show that the word is Pre-Greek (note π\/ππ). P. 366 n. 95 he noted "Der Fremdwortchrakter von στυππεῖον ist unverkennbar".Page in Frisk: 2,814Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στυππεῖον
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37 στιππυον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `oakum, tow, coarde fibre of flax or hemp' (Hdt., X., D., hell. a. late).Compounds: Compp., e.g. στυππειο-πώλης m. `oakum-dealer' (Ar., Critias, inscr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Rare στύππ-η f. `oakum, coarse flax' (J. ap. Suid. s. v.), - αξ (also στύππαξ) m. joking short form for στυππειο-πώλης (Ar. Fr. 696); also στύπος = στύππη ( κάλοι ἀπὸ στύπου Gal.). -- The rare στύππη, which from a Dorian colony in Lower Italy came in Latin ( stuppa, stūpa; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.), was in Greek replaced by the derivation στυππεῖον (after the instr. nouns and other concreta in - εῖον); besides στίππυον (- ύον?; accent uncertain) after θρύον, γήθυον a. o. with concomitant dissim. στυππ- \> στιππ-. -- No certain agreement outside Greek. Of old (Curtius 216 a.o.) compared with Skt. stū́pa-, stupá- m. `crown' further connected with στύφω; s. v. -- Furnée 259 etc. compares τοπει̃̃ον `cord, rope' without further comment; if this is correct, it shows that the word is Pre-Greek. The variations show that the word is Pre-Greek (note π\/ππ). P. 366 n. 95 he noted "Der Fremdwortchrakter von στυππεῖον ist unverkennbar".Page in Frisk: 2,814Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στιππυον
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38 Graeci
Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):II.eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7:apud Graecos,
id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 7, 17:ignobilis,
Liv. 39, 8, 3:Graecus Graecaque,
Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—Derivv.A.Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:1.plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,
Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.litterae,
id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,
Cic. Arch. 10, 23:lingua (opp. Latina),
id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:ludi,
founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:homines,
Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:testis,
id. Fl. 5, 11:more bibere,
i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:Graeca fide mercari,
i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:rosa,
a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):Graeco melius usuri,
Quint. 5, 10, 1:librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:2. B.cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,
id. Off. 2, 32, 115:loqui,
id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:optime scire,
id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.nescire,
id. Fl. 4, 10:licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,
Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:omnia Graece,
Juv. 6, 188.—Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):2.quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:magna,
Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:terra,
Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:C.Graecia,
Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,
Ov. F. 4, 64.—Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;D.not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,
i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:torcula,
Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:pavimentum,
id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:color,
id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:toga, i. e. pallium,
Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:dicere,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:1.motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,
id. Fl. 10, 23:cautio chirographi,
i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:homines,
id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:ferrum,
Flor. 2, 7, 9:civitas Massilia,
id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:Graecŭlus, i, m.(α).A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:(β).Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,
Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:2. E.vitis,
Col. 3, 2, 24:mala,
Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:rosa,
id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):F.mare,
Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:scimpodium,
Gell. 19, 10, 1.—Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):lapides,
inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes. -
39 Graeciensis
Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):II.eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7:apud Graecos,
id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 7, 17:ignobilis,
Liv. 39, 8, 3:Graecus Graecaque,
Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—Derivv.A.Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:1.plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,
Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.litterae,
id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,
Cic. Arch. 10, 23:lingua (opp. Latina),
id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:ludi,
founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:homines,
Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:testis,
id. Fl. 5, 11:more bibere,
i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:Graeca fide mercari,
i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:rosa,
a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):Graeco melius usuri,
Quint. 5, 10, 1:librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:2. B.cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,
id. Off. 2, 32, 115:loqui,
id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:optime scire,
id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.nescire,
id. Fl. 4, 10:licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,
Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:omnia Graece,
Juv. 6, 188.—Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):2.quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:magna,
Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:terra,
Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:C.Graecia,
Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,
Ov. F. 4, 64.—Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;D.not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,
i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:torcula,
Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:pavimentum,
id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:color,
id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:toga, i. e. pallium,
Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:dicere,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:1.motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,
id. Fl. 10, 23:cautio chirographi,
i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:homines,
id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:ferrum,
Flor. 2, 7, 9:civitas Massilia,
id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:Graecŭlus, i, m.(α).A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:(β).Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,
Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:2. E.vitis,
Col. 3, 2, 24:mala,
Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:rosa,
id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):F.mare,
Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:scimpodium,
Gell. 19, 10, 1.—Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):lapides,
inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes. -
40 Graecula
Graeci, ōrum, m., = Graikoi, the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):II.eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7:apud Graecos,
id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64:quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.— Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek:processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 7, 17:ignobilis,
Liv. 39, 8, 3:Graecus Graecaque,
Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.—Derivv.A.Graecus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian:1.plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video... deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret,
Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf.litterae,
id. Brut. 20, 78.—In neutr. absol.:Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus,
Cic. Arch. 10, 23:lingua (opp. Latina),
id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:ludi,
founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1:homines,
Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65:testis,
id. Fl. 5, 11:more bibere,
i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:Graeca fide mercari,
i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:rosa,
a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.—Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare):Graeco melius usuri,
Quint. 5, 10, 1:librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.— Adv. in two forms,Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek:2. B.cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam,
id. Off. 2, 32, 115:loqui,
id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:optime scire,
id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf.nescire,
id. Fl. 4, 10:licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat,
Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9:omnia Graece,
Juv. 6, 188.—Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):2.quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156:magna,
Ov. H. 16, 340.—In apposition:terra,
Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.—Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.:C.Graecia,
Cic. Arch. 5, 10.— Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy:Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat,
Ov. F. 4, 64.—Graecānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare;D.not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica,
i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.:torcula,
Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317:pavimentum,
id. 36, 25, 63, § 188:color,
id. 34, 9, 20, § 98:toga, i. e. pallium,
Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.—Hence, adv.: Graēcānĭce, in Greek:dicere,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.—Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86:1.motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis,
id. Fl. 10, 23:cautio chirographi,
i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1:homines,
id. de Or. 1, 11, 47:ferrum,
Flor. 2, 7, 9:civitas Massilia,
id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.— Subst.:Graecŭlus, i, m.(α).A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.—Prov.:(β).Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit,
Juv. 3, 78.—In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin. —Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus:2. E.vitis,
Col. 3, 2, 24:mala,
Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50:rosa,
id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—Graecĭensis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare):F.mare,
Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51:scimpodium,
Gell. 19, 10, 1.—Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.):lapides,
inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.
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