jacere

jăcĕo, cŭi, cĭtum ( fut. part. jaci-turus, Stat. Th. 7, 777), 2, v. n. [ intr. of jacio; lit., to be thrown or cast; hence], to lie.

Lit.

In gen.:

in limine,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

stratum ad pedes alicujus,

id. Quint. 31, 96; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

alicui ad pedes,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129:

in lecto,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; Juv. 6, 269:

in ignota harena,

Verg. A. 5, 871:

Tyrio sublimis in ostro,

Ov. H. 12, 179:

in viridi gramine,

id. Am. 1, 14, 22:

in teneris dominae lacertis,

id. ib. 1, 13, 5:

in solo,

id. M. 2, 420:

in viduo toro,

id. H. 16, 316:

in gremio,

id. ib. 9, 136;

11, 4: in servi complexibus,

Juv. 6, 279;

for which: saxum campo quod forte jacebat,

Verg. A. 12, 897:

deserto lecto,

Ov. H. 1, 7:

saxo,

id. M. 6, 100:

gremio mariti,

Juv. 2, 120:

in aversa ora,

Ov. H. 12, 63:

super corpus alicujus,

id. F. 2, 836:

somno,

Verg. E. 6, 14:

spissa harena,

id. A. 6, 336:

humo,

Ov. A. A. 2, 238:

nudus humi jacet,

Lucr. 5, 224; Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26; Ov. Am. 3, 1, 12:

humi ante lectum jacens,

Suet. Oth. 7:

mecum inter salices lenta sub vite jacere,

Verg. E. 10, 40:

sub alta platano,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 14:

strata jacent sub arbore poma,

Verg. E. 7, 54.— Absol.:

Tityos jacet alitis esca,

Verg. Cul. 237:

vittae jacentes,

Tib. 2, 5, 53:

pisces jacentes,

i. e. flatfish, Col. 8, 17, 9.—

In partic.

Of sick persons, to lie ill, to be sick:

cura ut valeas, ne ego te jacente bona tua comedim,

Cic. Fam. 9, 20:

cum tristj morbo defessa jaceres,

Tib. 1, 5, 9:

hic facit ut jaceas,

Ov. H. 20, 173:

graviter,

Plin. Ep. 5. 9:

sine spe,

Sen. Ep. 101, 3.—

To lie dead, to have fallen:

Aeacidae telo jacet Hector,

Verg. A. 1, 99; 10, 737:

corpora per campos ferro quae fusa jacebant,

id. ib. 11, 102:

cum primi occidissent, proximi jacentibus insisterent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3; 7, 25, 3:

neminem jacentem veste spoliavit,

Nep. Thras. 2, 6; cf.:

spolia jacentis hostium exercitus,

Liv. 44, 45:

ne inultos imperatores suos jacere sinerent,

id. 25, 37:

qui bene pro patria cum patriaque jacent,

Ov. H. 3, 106:

Arge, jaces!

id. M. 1, 720: morte jacent merita, id. F. 3, 707:

fratri jacet,

killed by his brother, Sil. 15, 650:

rupto jacuit corpore (rana),

Phaedr. 1, 24, 10:

jacuit Catilina cadavere toto,

Juv. 10, 288.—

To be or lie long anywhere, to linger, tarry, stop at a place:

pernam, glandium, sumen facito in aqua jaceant,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 33:

Brundusii,

to stay long at, Cic. Att. 11, 6, 2.—

Geographically, to lie, be situate, = esse, situm esse (not in Cic. or Cæs.): jacet Vada inter Appenninum et Alpis, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2; Liv. 5, 48, 2; 6, 30, 5; 22, 3, 3:

inter Taurum montem jacet et Hellespontem,

Nep. Eum. 3, 2 saep.:

quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,

id. Dat. 4:

ad vesperam jacentis terrae,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 216:

summo in vertice montis Planities ignota jacet,

Verg. A. 11, 527:

quod urbes in planis jaceant,

Just. 22, 5, 5:

alio patriam quaerunt sub sole jacentem,

Verg. G. 2, 512:

jacet extra sidera tellus,

id. A. 6, 795; cf.:

pallente sub umbra Cimmerias jacuisse domos,

Sil. 12, 132:

inter eos solemque jacent immania ponti aequora,

Lucr. 4, 412; cf.:

Cyclades et Sporades per quingenta milia in longitudinem... jacent,

extend, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 71.—

To be low, flat, level:

jacentia et plana urbis loca,

Tac. H. 1, 86:

despiciens terras jacentīs,

Verg. A. 1, 224:

praetervehor Thapsum jacentem,

id. ib. 3, 689; Val. Fl. 4, 712:

quaeque jacent valles,

Ov. F. 2, 392; Just. 22, 5, 5:

jacentes campos,

Luc. 4, 52:

summo despexit ab aethere terras Infelix Phaëthon penitus penitusque jacentes,

Ov. M. 2, 178.—

Esp., of the sea, to be level, quiet, lie still:

mediusque jacet sine murmure pontus,

Luc. 1, 260; 5, 434:

servatum bello jacuit mare,

id. 3, 523:

planum mare,

Juv. 12, 62:

stagna jacentia,

Sil. 5, 583.—

To lie in ruins, be broken down: cui nec arae patriae domi stant, fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. Rel. v. 115 Vahl.):

jacent, Ilion ingens,

Ov. M. 13, 505:

ausa et jacentem visere regiam vultu sereno,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 25:

Troja jacet certe,

Ov. H. 1, 3:

vetus Thebe jacet,

Juv. 15, 6.—

To hang loose:

vagi crines per colla jacebant,

Ov. M. 2, 673; id. A. A. 3, 236:

jacentia lora,

lying loose on the horse's neck, id. M. 2, 201; cf.

, of clothing, etc.: juvenes timidaeque puellae Praeverrunt latas veste jacente vias,

id. Am. 3, 13, 24:

demissa jacent tibi pallia terrae,

id. ib. 3, 2, 25; id. A. A. 153.—

Of the eyes, face, etc., to be cast down, fixed on the ground:

vultusque attolle jacentes,

Ov. M. 4, 144:

jacentes Vix oculos tollens,

id. ib. 11, 618.

Trop.

To be indolent or inactive, not to come forward:

in pace jacere, quam in bello vigere maluit. Quamquam ille quidem numquam jacuit,

Cic. Phil. 10, 7, 14:

C. Marius cum a spe consulatus longe abesset et jam septimum annum post praeturam jaceret,

id. Off. 3, 20, 79:

ars tua, Tiphy, jacet, si non sit in aequore fluctus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 77:

at mea numina tandem fessa jacent,

Verg. A. 7, 298.—

To be cast down, dejected:

Gnaeus noster ut totus jacet,

Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1:

ne jaceam? quis unquam minus,

id. ib. 12, 40, 2:

jacet in maerore meus frater,

id. ib. 10, 4; id. Phil. 12, 2:

militum jacere animos,

Liv. 10, 35.—

To lie prostrate:

victa jacet pietas,

Ov. M. 1, 149:

nobilitas sub amore jacet,

id. H. 4, 161:

Africani, Marii, Sullae, Pompeii infra Pallantis laudes jacebant,

Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2:

justitia vacillat, vel jacet potius,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 118:

humana cum vita jaceret, oppressa gravi sub religione,

Lucr. 1, 63.—

To be refuted, overcome, disproved, to fail:

jacent suis testibus, qui Clodium negant Romam fuisse rediturum, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 18, 47:

jacet omnis ratio Peripateticorum,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 86:

jacet igitur tota conclusio,

id. Div. 2, 51, 106.—

To lie dormant, be disused or neglected, to be of no avail:

cum leges nihil valebant, cum judicia jacebant,

Cic. Par. 4, 1:

tota Capua et omnis hic delectus jacet,

id. Att. 7, 22: dici non potest, quomodo hic omnia jaceant, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6:

justitia jacet,

Cic. Off. 3, 33:

maximas virtutes jacere omnes necesse est voluptate dominante,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117; Quint. 9, 2, 4.—

To be despised, in no esteem:

cum jacerent pretia praediorum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

ut neque jacere regem pateremur,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 3:

sed nunc omnia ista jacere puto, propter nummorum caritatem,

are cheap, id. Att. 9, 9, 4: dat census honores, Census amicitias:

pauper ubique jacet,

Ov. F. 1, 218; id. R. Am 139.—

To lie idle, neglected, or unemployed:

cur tamdiu jacet hoc nomen in adversariis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3:

quomodo tibi tanta pecunia extraordinaria jacet?

id. ib. 1:

quae (pecuniae) vereor, ne otiosae jaceant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 62, 1:

nonne justius erit proximo cuique bonorum possessionem dari, ne bona jaceant,

that they be not without an owner, Dig. 37, 3, 1.—

To lie open, be obvious, to be known, be at hand:

neque ex alio genere (verborum) ad usum cottidianum, alio ad scenam pompamque sumuntur, sed ea nos cum jacentia sustulimus e medio,

Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 177.—

Of speech or language, to be languid, lifeless, dull:

quibus detractis, jacet (oratio),

Quint. 9, 2, 4:

jacens oratio,

Gell. 1, 11, 15; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 32.

fundāmentum, i, n. [id.], a foundation, ground-work, basis (class.; mostly in plur.; cf. basis).

Lit.

Sing. (rare):

quin cum fundamento (aedes) Perierint,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 69:

substruere fundamentum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 40.—

Plur.:

operum fastigia spectantur, latent fundamenta, Quint. prooem. § 4: agere fundamenta,

Cic. Mil. 27, 75:

maximorum operum,

id. Marc. 8, 25:

prima urbi jacere,

Liv. 1, 12, 4 (cf. under II. b the passage from Cic. Fl. 2, 4):

novae domus jacere,

Suet. Calig. 22; cf. id. Aug. 28:

alta theatri locare,

Verg. A. 1, 428:

altae Carthaginis locare,

id. ib. 4, 266; Plin. 36, 14, 21, § 95:

fodere delubro,

id. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

subdere per solidum,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

urbis quatit Neptunus,

Verg. A. 2, 611:

saxa turris, quibus fundamenta continebantur, convellunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 3:

villa a fundamentis inchoata,

Suet. Caes. 46:

Albam a fundamentis proruere,

utterly, Liv. 26, 13, 16:

urbs a fundamentis diruta,

id. 42, 63, 11; 42, 67, 9.—

Transf., the bottom, = fundus:

qui a fundamento mihi usque movisti mare,

id. ib. 2, 6, 55.—

Trop. (syn.: sedes, initium).

Sing.:

meo judicio pietas fundamentum est omnium virtutum,

Cic. Planc. 12, 29; cf.:

fundamentum justitiae est fides,

id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

narratio est quaedam quasi sedes et fundamentum constituendae fidei,

id. Part. 9, 31:

eloquentiae,

id. de Or. 3, 37, 151:

philosophiae,

id. Div. 2, 1, 2:

initium ac fundamentum defensionis,

id. Clu. 10, 30:

horum criminum,

id. Cael. 13, 30:

quod fundamentum hujus quaestionis est, id videtis,

id. N. D. 1, 17, 44:

disciplina nixa fundamento veritatis,

Gell. 14, 1, 20:

fundamentum et causa imperii,

Sen. Ep. 87, 41:

caput et fundamentum intellegitur totius testamenti heredis institutio,

Gai. Inst. 2, 229.—

Piur.:

illic radices, illic fundamenta sunt,

Quint. 10, 3, 3:

quibus initiis ac fundamentis hae tantae summis in rebus laudes excitatae sunt,

Cic. Sest. 2, 5:

libertatis,

id. Balb. 13, 31:

virtutum,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 72; cf.:

consulatus tui,

id. Pis. 4, 9:

senectus, quae fundamentis adolescentiae constituta est,

id. de Sen. 18, 62:

ad evertenda fundamenta rei publicae,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 13:

actionum,

id. Phil. 4, 1, 1:

jacere pacis fundamenta,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1;

so with jacio: rei publicae,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

civitatis,

id. N. D. 3, 2, 5; id. Ac. 2, 12, 37; id. Sull. 10, 30; Curt. 5, 1, 29; Lact. 7, 1, 1:

defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

salutis suae,

id. Fam. 10, 29:

non praeterit me quam magnarum rerum fundamenta ponam senex,

Sen. Q. N. 3 praef. 1:

vitae,

id. Ep. 13, 16:

impudentiae, Quint 12, 6, 2: futuri oratoris,

id. ib. 1, 4, 5; for which also with the dat. (cf. supra I. the passage from Liv. 1, 12, 4):

cui causae,

Cic. Fl. 2, 4:

verecundiae,

id. Rep. 4, 4 Mos.:

imperii,

Plin. 15, 18, 20, § 78.

jăcĭo, jēci, jactum, 3, v. a. [cf. diôkô, to pursue; Germ. jagen], to make go, cause to go, send; hence, to throw, cast, fling, hurl.

Lit.: genu ad aliquem, to hit or push one with the knee, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17:

lapides,

Cic. Mil. 15:

fulmen in medium mare,

id. Div. 2, 19:

in quem scyphum de manu jacere conatus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 10:

aridam materiam de muro in aggerem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

se in profundum,

Cic. Sest. 20:

saxeam pilam ponto,

Verg. A. 9, 712:

ensem fluctibus mediis,

id. ib. 10, 683:

balearica plumbum Funda jacit, Ov M. 2, 728: libellos in faciem ejus,

Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Freq. of dice-throwing:

talos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 35; 5, 2, 54; Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

Venerem,

id. Div. 2, 59, 121; Suet. Aug. 71.—

Transf.

To lay, set, establish, build, found, construct, erect:

urbi fundamenta,

Liv. 1, 12:

vallum,

id. 30, 10:

aggere jacto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

molem,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

muros,

Verg. A. 5, 631; 9, 712:

moles,

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1:

novae domus fundamenta,

Suet. Calig. 22; Ov. F. 4, 835:

molem in mare,

Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 8.—

To send forth, emit; to bring forth, produce:

de corpore odorem,

Lucr. 2, 846:

igniculos,

Cic. Att. 15, 26, 2:

jacturas poma myricas,

that will bear, Ov. A. A. 1, 747.—

To throw away:

scuta jacere, fugereque hostes, more habent licentiam,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 27:

vestem procul,

Ov. M. 4, 357:

is sua jecit humi arma,

id. ib. 3, 127:

pavidas pharetras,

Val. Fl. 5, 427.—Esp., to throw overboard, Dig. 41, 2, 21, § 2; 14, 2, 2, § 7; to cast, shed:

cornua,

Ov. A. A. 3, 78.—

To throw, scatter, sow:

volucres semina jacta legunt,

Ov. M. 5, 485; id. H. 12, 17:

jacto semine,

Verg. G. 1, 104:

seminibus jactis,

id. ib. 2, 57; 6, 11; id. F. 1, 662:

flores,

id. A. 5, 79:

lapides,

id. E. 6, 41.—

To project as a shadow:

nullam umbram,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183 sq. —

Trop.

To throw, cast:

contumeliam in aliquem,

Cic. Sull. 7, 23:

injuriam in aliquem,

id. Par. 4, 1:

adulteria,

to lay to one's charge, id. Planc. 12, 30:

ridiculum,

id. Or. 26, 87:

id, quod proponendum fuit, permotis animis jacit ad extremum,

id. Part. 13, 46:

jecit quidam casus caput meum, in mediam contentionem,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 13:

probra in feminas illustres,

Tac. A. 11, 13.—

To lay, set, establish:

causae fundamenta,

Cic. Fl. 2, 4:

fundamenta pacis,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

gradum atque aditum ad rem,

id. Agr. 2, 15:

odia in longum jacere,

to strew, sow, Tac. A. 1, 69:

fundamenta reipublicae,

Suet. Aug. 28.—

To throw out in speaking, to let fall, intimate, utter, mention, declare:

assiduas querelas, Cic. poët. Div 1, 8, 14: illud, quod jacis obscure,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4:

suspicionem,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

de lacu Albano,

Liv. 5, 15:

vera an vana,

id. 6, 14:

multo plura praesens audivit, quam in absentem jacta erant,

id. 43, 8:

Jugurtha inter alias jacit oportere, etc.,

Sall. J. 11:

quaedam de habitu cultuque et institutis ejus,

Tac. A 1, 11:

fortuitos sermones,

id. ib. 4, 68:

ali quid per vaniloquentiam ac minas, id. ib 6, 31: multasque nec dubias significationes saepe jecit,

Suet. Ner. 37:

crimina non haec sunt nostro sine jacta dolore,

Tib. 4, 14, 3.

pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. pod-, pous; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.

Lit.:

si pes condoluit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

calcei apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra,

id. Univ. 6:

pede tellurem pulsare,

i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.:

alterno pede terram quatere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7;

4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit,

Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11:

si in fundo pedem posuisses,

set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

qui pedem portā non extulit,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5:

pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return:

profugum referre pedem,

Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.—Said even of streams:

revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto,

Verg. A. 9, 125:

retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens,

id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot:

cum ingressus iter pedibus sit,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.—

Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci,

Liv. 26, 19:

pedibus iter conficere,

id. 44, 5:

quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

(Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit,

id. B. C. 2, 21:

ut neque pedibus aditum haberent,

id. B. G. 3, 12 init. —Rarely pede ire ( poet. and late Lat.):

quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66:

Jordanem transmiserunt pede,

Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.— Trop.:

Bacchus flueret pede suo,

i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.:

musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.—Pregn., by land:

cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc.,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 12:

seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos,

Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5):

ego me in pedes (conicio),

take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.— Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one's feet:

ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

rex procidit ad pedes Achillei,

Hor. Epod. 17, 14:

vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26:

filius se ad pedes meos prosternens,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes,

Ov. H. 12, 186:

cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset,

Liv. 6, 3, 4:

ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina,

Flor. 4, 11, 9:

(mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.:

amplecti pedes potui,

Ov. M. 9, 605:

complector, regina, pedes,

Luc. 10, 89:

servus a pedibus,

a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one's feet, i. e. in one's power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one's feet, i. e. to be disregarded ( poet.):

sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est,

Ov. M. 14, 490:

amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet,

id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one's foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose ( poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one's foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.):

fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one's feet, i. e. before one's eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring:

istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32:

transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

omni pede stare,

i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part:

nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139:

garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae,

Hor. A. P. 8:

dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere,

Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival:

adi pede secundo,

Verg. A. 8, 302:

felix,

Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.:

boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis,

Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.—So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first;

temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple,

Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30:

quove pede ingressi?

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.—So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.:

pessimo pede domum nostram accessit,

App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro [p. 1363] pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.:

a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem,

Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22:

pedibus merere,

to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18:

ad pedes pugna ierat,

they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters:

collato pede rem gerere,

id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.—

Publicist's t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one's opinion, take sides with one:

cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.—

In mal. part.:

pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum),

Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8;

hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5. —

Transf.

A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46:

mensae sed erat pes tertius impar,

Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.:

pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.),

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:

tricliniorum,

Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9:

subsellii,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

pes argenteus (mensae),

Juv. 11, 128.—

Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet:

sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem,

Cat. 4, 19:

pede labitur aequo,

i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565:

pedibus aequis,

Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and:

prolato pede, transversos captare Notos,

id. Med. 322.— Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem;

pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus,

Verg. A. 5, 830:

prolatis pedibus,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.—

The foot of a mountain (post-class.):

Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans,

Amm. 14, 8, 10 al. —

Ground, soil, territory (post-class.):

in Caesariensis pede,

Sol. 3, 2:

omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit,

id. 27, 1; cf.:

quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem,

Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.—

The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk:

vinaceorum pes proruitur,

Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.—Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.—Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant:

Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant,

Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155:

pedes betacei,

beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.—

Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.—

The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.—

Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272;

6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede,

Hor. Epod. 16, 47:

liquido pede labitur unda,

Verg. Cul. 17:

lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada,

Sil. 6, 140.—

A metrical foot:

ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82:

pedibus claudere verba,

to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28:

musa per undenos emodulanda pedes,

in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30:

inque suos volui cogere verba pedes,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.—

A kind of verse, measure:

et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri,

Ov. Ib. 646:

Lesbius,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.—

In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.—

A foot, as a measure of length (class.):

ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13:

ab aliquo pedem discessisse,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus,

id. Att. 13, 16, 1:

pes justus,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one's self by one's own foot-rule, i. e. by one's own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.—

Pedes, lice; v. pedis.—

The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.

praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].

Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

praecipitem trahi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

aliquem praecipitem deicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

praeceps ad terram datus,

dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

Ov. M. 12, 128:

hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

aliquem in praeceps jacere,

headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

jacto in praeceps corpore,

id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

in praeceps deferri,

Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

Cat. 17, 9:

se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

ab equo praeceps decidit,

Ov. Ib. 259:

(apes) praecipites Cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

aliquem praecipitem agere,

to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

praecipites se fugae mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

praeceps amensque cucurri,

Ov. M. 7, 844:

praeceps Fertur,

is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

nuntii,

Tac. H. 2, 6.—

Transf., of inanim. things.

Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

via (opp. plana),

Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

saxa,

Liv. 38, 23:

fossae,

Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

iter,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

loci,

Col. 1, 2:

mons,

Plin. Pan. 16.—

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

turrim in praecipiti stantem,

Verg. A. 2, 460:

specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

in praeceps pervenitur,

Vell. 2, 3, 4:

immane,

Juv. 10, 107:

altissimum,

App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—

Sinking, declining:

(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

Col. 5, 6, 33:

sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

Verg. G. 3, 359:

jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

Liv. 10, 42:

dies,

id. 4, 9; cf.:

senectus,

Curt. 6, 5, 3. —

In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

Boreas,

Ov. M. 2, 185:

nox,

fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

procella,

Stat. Th. 5, 419:

oceani fragor,

Val. Fl. 3, 404:

letum,

Sen. Hippol. 262:

remedium,

Curt. 3, 6, 2.—

Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.

In gen. (class.):

noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

praeceps celeritas dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—

In partic.

Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

praeceps consilium et immaturum,

Suet. Aug. 8:

cogitatio,

id. Calig. 48:

audacia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—

Inclined to any thing:

praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

Liv. 26, 38:

praeceps ingenio in iram,

id. 23, 7:

animus ad flagitia praeceps,

Tac. A. 16, 21.—

Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

in tam praecipiti tempore,

Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.

Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

aeger est in praecipiti,

Cels. 2, 6.—

The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.

Lit.:

aliquem praeceps trahere,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

Verg. A. 4, 253.—

Trop.:

eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

praeceps in exsilium acti,

suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.

tēlum, i, n. [for texlum; root tek-, of tiktô, to beget; tuk-, tuch-, of tunchanô, to hit, chance upon; v. texo; cf. toxon, a bow], a weapon used for fighting at a distance; a missile weapon, missile, as a dart, spear, javelin, etc. (while arma signifies arms for defence or close fight; v. arma; cf.: jaculum, tormentum).

Lit.: tela proprie dici videntur ea, quae missilia sunt: ex Graeco videlicet translato eorum nomine, quoniam illi têlothen missa dicunt, quae nos eminus;

sicut arma ea, quae ab umeris dependentia retinentur manibus,

Fest. p. 364 Müll.; cf. id. p. 3; and Serv. Verg. A. 8, 249; 9, 509: telum vulgo quidem id appellatur, quod ab arcu mittitur, sed nunc omne significatur, quod mittitur manu. Itaque sequitur, ut et lapis et lignum et ferrum hoc nomine contineatur, dictum ab eo, quod in longinquum mittitur, Graecā voce figuratum apo tou têlou, Dig. 50, 16, 233: arma rigent, horrescunt tela, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Trag. v. 177 Vahl.); so,

opp. arma,

Sall. C. 42, 2; 51, 38; id. J. 43, 3; Ov. M. 9, 201: tela manu jacere, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 438 Vahl.); cf.:

si quis jaciat volatile telum,

Lucr. 1, 970:

tela depellere...telum jacere,

Cic. Quint. 2, 8:

conicere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 46; 1, 47; 2, 27; Cic. Quint. 16, 52 al.; cf.:

nubes levium telorum conjecta obruit aciem Gallorum,

Liv. 38, 26, 7;

and with this cf.: it toto turbida caelo Tempestas telorum ac ferreus ingruit imber,

Verg. A. 12, 284:

telum ex loco superiore mittere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

Romani omni genere missilium telorum ac saxis maxime vulnerabantur,

Liv. 44, 35, 21; cf. Sisenn. ap. Non. 449, 3:

priusquam ad conjectum teli veniretur,

Liv. 2, 31, 6:

tela vitare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

telis repulsi,

id. ib. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5:

non primus Teucer tela Cydonio Direxit arcu,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 17:

in medios telum torsisti primus Achivos,

Verg. A. 5, 497:

tela spargere,

Luc. 3, 326; Quint. 4, 5, 14:

aërias telum contendit in auras,

Verg. A. 5, 520:

telum volatile sensit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 169:

volucre,

Val. Fl. 2, 524:

hic confixum ferrea texit Telorum seges,

Verg. A. 3, 46:

nubes telorum,

Liv. 38, 26, 7:

nimbus,

Luc. 4, 776. —

Transf.

In gen., an offensive weapon of any kind, as a sword, dagger, poniard, axe, etc. (class.): Ajax gladio incubuit;

Ulixes intervenit... e corpore cruentum telum educit,

Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18:

ex quibus (telis) ille maximum sicarum numerum et gladiorum extulit,

Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 8:

elatam securim in caput dejecit: relictoque in vulnere telo ambo se foras eiciunt,

Liv. 1, 40, 7:

non tuba terruerit, non strictis agmina telis,

Ov. M. 3, 535:

tela aliis hastae, aliis secures erant,

Curt. 9, 1, 15:

clavae tela erant,

id. 9, 4, 3:

stare in comitio cum telo,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15;

so esp. freq.: esse cum telo,

to be armed, id. Att. 2, 24, 3; id. Vatin. 10, 24; id. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7; Sall. C. 27, 2 al.; cf.:

esse cum telo hominis occidendi causā (lex) vetat,

Cic. Mil. 4, 11:

qui caedem telo quocumque commiserint,

Quint. 10, 1, 12:

ut pereat positum rubigine telum,

my sheathed sword, Hor. S. 2, 1, 43 et saep.:

pars caret altera telo Frontis,

i. e. a horn, Ov. M. 8, 883;

so of the caestus,

Verg. A. 5, 438; Stat. Th. 6, 772.—

Poet., like the Gr. belos (v. Lidd. and Scott, sub voce),

A sunbeam:

non radii solis neque lucida tela diei,

Lucr. 1, 147; 2, 60; 3, 92; 6, 40.—

Lightning:

arbitrium est in sua tela Jovi,

Ov. F. 3, 316:

excutere irato tela trisulca Jovi,

id. Am. 2, 5, 52.—

A stitch in the side, Ser. Samm. 22, 402; cf. Isid. Orig. 4, 6.—

= membrum virile, Mart. 11, 78, 6; Auct. Priap. 9; Just. 38, 1. —

Trop., a weapon, shaft, dart (class.), Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 113: usque quāque sapere oportet: id erit telum acerrimum, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.: nec mediocre telum ad res gerendas existimare oportet benevolen, tiam civium, Cic. Lael. 17, 61:

nec gelidis torpet telis perfixa pavoris,

Lucr. 3, 305:

Veneris telis accipere ictus,

id. 4, 1052:

necessitas, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est,

Liv. 4, 28, 5; 5, 29, 9:

quā lege tribunitiis rogationibus telum acerrimum datum est,

id. 3, 55, 3:

de corpore rei publicae tuorum scelerum tela revellere,

Cic. Pis. 11, 25:

tela fortunae,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 2:

lucubrationis telum,

Suet. Calig. 53:

vis tribunicia, telum a majoribus libertati paratum,

Sall. Or. Macri Licinii ad Pleb. 6; Liv. 6, 35, 8:

sentire et linguae tela subire tuae,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 36.

vīnĕus, a, um, adj. [id.], made of or belonging to wine.

Adj. (so very rare):

latex,

i. e. wine, Sol. 5 med. —

Subst.: vīnĕa, ae, f.

A plantation of vines, a vineyard, Cic. Sen. 15, 54; id. Div. 1, 17, 31; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67; Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 50; Verg. G. 2, 390; Hor. S. 2, 4, 43; id. C. 3, 1, 29 al.—

A vine, Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 25; Col. 4, 10, 2; 4, 22, 5; id. Arb. 14; Phaedr. 4, 3, 1.—

In milit. lang., a kind of penthouse, shed, or mantlet, built like an arbor, for sheltering besiegers, Caes. B. G. 2, 12; 2, 30; 3, 21; 7, 17; Cic. Fam. 5, 4, 10; id. Phil. 8, 6, 17; Sil. 13, 110 al.; cf. Veg. Mil. 4, 15: sub vineam jacere dicuntur milites, cum astantibus centurionibus jacere coguntur sudes, Fest. s. v. sub, p. 311 Müll.

ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].

As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.

In space.

Direction toward, to, toward, and first,

Horizontally:

fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—

In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 188:

altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—

Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.

The point or goal at which any thing arrives.

Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,

With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

ad Sullam adire,

id. ib. 25:

ad se adferre,

id. Verr. 4, 50:

reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

id. ib. 5, 27:

ad laborem adhortantur,

id. de Sen. 14:

T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—

Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

oratus sum venire ad te huc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

eamus ad me,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—

Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

in aedem Veneris,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

in aedem Concordiae,

Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

ad Opis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

ad Castoris,

id. Quint. 17:

ad Juturnae,

id. Clu. 101:

ad Vestae,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—

With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

postea ad pistores dabo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

id. ib. 5, 3:

velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

quae institueram, ad te mittam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —

With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

ad Veios,

Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

or when it is joined with usque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—

With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

ipse ad hostem vehitur,

Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

aliquem ad hostem ducere,

Tac. A. 2, 52:

clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

Cic. Off. 3, 24:

remedium ad tertianam,

Petr. Sat. 18:

munimen ad imbris,

Verg. G. 2, 352:

farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—

The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—

The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

Curt. 3, 9, 10:

laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

vestis ad Seras peti,

id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

deverberasse usque ad necem,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

virgis ad necem caedi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.

Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

astiterunt ad januam,

Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

non adest ad exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

aderant ad spectaculum istud,

Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

Lucr. 3, 959:

quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

haec arma habere ad manum,

Quint. 12, 5, 1:

dominum esse ad villam,

Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

errantem ad flumina,

Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

conchas ad Caietam legunt,

id. Or. 2, 6:

ad forum esse,

to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

ad dextram,

Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

ad laevam,

Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

ad dextram... ad laevam,

Liv. 40, 6;

and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.

In time, analogous to the relations given in A.

Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

domum reductus ad vesperum,

toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—

The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

ad multam noctem,

Cic. de Sen. 14:

Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8:

usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—

Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

nostra ad diem dictam fient,

id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

ad id tempus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.

The relations of number.

An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

quasi ad quadraginta minas,

as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

ad hominum milia decem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

id. B. C. 3, 53:

ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—

The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

quid ad denarium solveretur,

Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

Cic. Lael. 23:

ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

Verg. A. 5, 687.

In the manifold relations of one object to another.

That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.

With verbs:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

nil est ad nos,

is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

nil ad me attinet,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

nihil ad rem pertinet,

Cic. Caecin. 58;

and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

Quid ad praetorem?

id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—

With adjectives:

ad has res perspicax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

virum ad cetera egregium,

Liv. 37, 7, 15:

auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

difficilis (res) ad credendum,

Lucr. 2, 1027:

ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—

With nouns:

prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

mentis ad omnia caecitas,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

ad cetera paene gemelli,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

Cic. Font. 6;

facultas ad agendum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—

In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—

With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

Cic. Mur. 77:

taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

ad amussim non est numerus,

Varr. 2, 1, 26:

ad imaginem facere,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

ad cursus lunae describit annum,

Liv. 1, 19:

omnia ad diem facta sunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

ad aequos flexus,

at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

turres ad altitudiem valli,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

id. 44, 11:

ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

Suet. Ner. 31:

lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

canere ad tibiam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

in numerum ludere,

Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

ad unguem factus homo,

a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

ad istorum normam sapientes,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

ad simulacrum,

Liv. 40, 6:

ad Punica ingenia,

id. 21, 22:

ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

omnia fient ad verum,

Juv. 6, 324:

quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

ad hunc modum institutus est,

id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

ad eundem istunc modum,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

Lucr. 2, 281:

ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

id. Rab. Post. 21:

aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26:

rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

id. Font. 36:

ad vulgi opinionem,

id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

ad instar castrorum,

Just. 36, 3, 2:

scoparum,

App. M. 9, p. 232:

speculi,

id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

ad navis feratur,

like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

ad specus angustiac vallium,

like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,

With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.

The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

Lucr. 3, 144:

ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—

The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,

is done,

is designed, or,

is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.

Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

venimus coctum ad nuptias,

in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

Sall. C. 13, 4:

ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—

Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

(in the same sense: in rem,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

ad frena leones,

Verg. A. 10, 253:

delecto ad naves milite,

marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

servos ad remum,

rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

servos ad militiam emendos,

id. 22, 61, 2:

comparasti ad lecticam homines,

Cat. 10, 16:

Lygdamus ad cyathos,

Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

puer ad cyathum statuetur,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—

Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

causa ad objurgandum,

id. And. 1, 1, 123:

argumentum ad scribendum,

Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

Cato R. R. 125:

nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

Cic. Brut. 24:

reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

homo ad nullam rem utilis,

id. Off. 3, 6:

ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—

Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

terra ad universi caeli complexum,

compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

Liv. 22, 22, 15:

at nihil ad nostram hanc,

nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.

Adverbial phrases with ad.

Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

Liv. 35, 32, 4.—

Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—

Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—

Ad tempus.

At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—

At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—

For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—

According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—

Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).

For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—

Ad locum, on the spot:

ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

Liv. 27, 27, 2.—

Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—

Ad summam.

On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—

In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —

Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.

At the end, finally, at last.

Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

Liv. 21, 8, 10.—

Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,

of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—

In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

id. 28, 28, 8.—

Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—

Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.

Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—

Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

quam ad,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

ripam ad Araxis,

Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

id. ib. 12, 8.—

The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).

In composition.

Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—

Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.

Local.

To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—

At, by: astare, adesse.—

On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—

Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—

Fig.

To: adjudico, adsentior.—

At or on: admiror, adludo.—

Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—

Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—

Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—

Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

as-sisto ( ads-, Fleck., Lachm., B. and K., Rib., Halm; ass-, Merk.), astĭti, no sup., 3, v. n. (cf. absisto), to place one's self somewhere, to stand, post one's self.

In gen.:

Mane tu atque adsiste ilico,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2:

Adsistite omnes contra me,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 23:

ut adsisterent coram Domino,

Vulg. Job, 1, 6; ib. 2 Par. 9, 7:

adsiste altrinsecus,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 123:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

Qui nunc hic adsistunt,

Vulg. Zach. 3, 7:

Accede, nate, adsiste,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 9, 21:

ut ipsi ad fores adsisterent, imperat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26:

ut contra omnes hostium copias in ponte unus (Cocles) adsisteret,

id. Leg. 2, 4, 10:

Quem Turnus super adsistens,

Verg. A. 10, 490:

Donec Laërtius heros Astitit,

Ov. M. 13, 125. —

Esp.

As indicating a completed action, to stand somewhere, to stand at or by:

ita jacere talum, ut rectus adsistat,

may stand erect, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

Nec refert quibus adsistas regionibus ejus,

Lucr. 1, 964:

lecto assistere,

Ov. F. 5, 457:

precanti,

id. ib. 1, 631: adsisto divinis, * Hor. S. 1, 6, 114:

neque enim scribenti, ediscenti et cogitanti praeceptor adsistit,

Quint. 1, 2, 12.—With acc.:

equos,

Stat. Th. 3, 299.— Trop.:

consulum tribunalibus Italia et publicae provinciae adsisterent, i. e. comparerent jura accepturi,

Tac. A. 13, 4.—

Alicui.

To stand by one (as counsel) before a tribunal, to defend, assist, aid (post-Aug. for the class. adesse, q. v.):

adsistebam Vareno,

Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 3; 7, 10, 85; Dig. 6, 1, 54; App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 3.—

To stand before one on trial, in judgment (eccl. Lat.):

Caesari oportet te adsistere,

Vulg. Act. 27, 23.

agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].

Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

aggere paludem explere,

id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:

longius erat agger petendus,

id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:

superjecto aggere terreno,

Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:

implere cavernas aggere,

Curt. 8, 10, 27:

fossas aggere complent,

Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,

Esp.

The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:

atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,

id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:

ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,

Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:

aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:

agger armorum,

Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:

aggeres Alpini,

Verg. A. 6, 830; so,

Thessalici aggeres,

i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:

ab alto aggere,

Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:

ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,

Luc. 5, 674:

consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,

Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:

mons aquae,

Verg. A. 1, 105).—

In milit. lang.

A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:

esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,

id. Phil. 10, 9:

celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

jacere,

to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:

aggerem exstruere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

instruere,

id. ib. 8, 41:

promovere ad urbem,

to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:

Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,

rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—

The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.

Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,

Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—

The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:

stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,

Luc. 5, 317:

vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,

Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—

A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):

viae deprensus in aggere serpens,

Verg. A. 5, 273:

Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,

Rutil. Itiner. 39:

aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,

Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.

ancŏra, ae (not anchŏra), f. [v. ango], = ankura, an anchor.

A.. Lit.:

Ancora fundabat naves,

Verg. A. 6, 3:

jacere,

to cast anchor, Caes. B. G. 4, 28; so,

mittere,

to let go, Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

extendere,

to put out, ib. ib. 27, 30:

naves deligare ad ancoras,

Caes. B. G. 4, 29:

navem tenere in ancoris,

Nep. Them. 8, 7:

consistere ad ancoram,

to lie at anchor, Caes. B. C. 3, 102:

naves in ancoris constiterunt,

id. ib. 3, 28 et saep.:

solvere,

to weigh anchor, Cic. Att. 1, 13; so,

tollere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31; so Vulg. Act. 27, 40; also,

in gen.,

to depart, go away, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 1:

vellere,

Liv. 22, 19:

praecidere,

to cut the cables, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34 al. —

Trop., as a symbol of security, refuge, hope, support:

ancora jam nostram non tenet ulla ratem,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 42:

ultima fessis ancora,

Sil. 7, 24; cf.:

spem, quam sicut ancoram habemus,

Vulg. Heb. 6, 10.—

Transf., an iron in the form of an anchor, Pall. 1, 40, 5.

as-sisto ( ads-, Fleck., Lachm., B. and K., Rib., Halm; ass-, Merk.), astĭti, no sup., 3, v. n. (cf. absisto), to place one's self somewhere, to stand, post one's self.

In gen.:

Mane tu atque adsiste ilico,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 2:

Adsistite omnes contra me,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 23:

ut adsisterent coram Domino,

Vulg. Job, 1, 6; ib. 2 Par. 9, 7:

adsiste altrinsecus,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 123:

hic propter hunc adsiste,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

Qui nunc hic adsistunt,

Vulg. Zach. 3, 7:

Accede, nate, adsiste,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 9, 21:

ut ipsi ad fores adsisterent, imperat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26:

ut contra omnes hostium copias in ponte unus (Cocles) adsisteret,

id. Leg. 2, 4, 10:

Quem Turnus super adsistens,

Verg. A. 10, 490:

Donec Laërtius heros Astitit,

Ov. M. 13, 125. —

Esp.

As indicating a completed action, to stand somewhere, to stand at or by:

ita jacere talum, ut rectus adsistat,

may stand erect, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

Nec refert quibus adsistas regionibus ejus,

Lucr. 1, 964:

lecto assistere,

Ov. F. 5, 457:

precanti,

id. ib. 1, 631: adsisto divinis, * Hor. S. 1, 6, 114:

neque enim scribenti, ediscenti et cogitanti praeceptor adsistit,

Quint. 1, 2, 12.—With acc.:

equos,

Stat. Th. 3, 299.— Trop.:

consulum tribunalibus Italia et publicae provinciae adsisterent, i. e. comparerent jura accepturi,

Tac. A. 13, 4.—

Alicui.

To stand by one (as counsel) before a tribunal, to defend, assist, aid (post-Aug. for the class. adesse, q. v.):

adsistebam Vareno,

Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 3; 7, 10, 85; Dig. 6, 1, 54; App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 3.—

To stand before one on trial, in judgment (eccl. Lat.):

Caesari oportet te adsistere,

Vulg. Act. 27, 23.

con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n., to look at attentively, to get sight of, to descry, perceive, observe (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

In gen.

Absol.:

inter eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

in tabernam,

Petr. 140, 14.—

With acc.:

me interrogas, Qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 122:

quae aedes... quas quotiensquomque conspicio, fleo,

id. Capt. 1, 1, 29:

si queat usquam Conspicere amissum fetum,

Lucr. 2, 358: quandoque te in jure conspicio, Leg. Act. ap. Cic. Caecin. 19, 54, and id. Mur. 12, 26:

ut procul novum vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:

quisque... quae prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,

id. ib. 1, 47:

ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt,

id. ib. 4, 12;

2, 26: sidus in regione caeli, etc.,

Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 94:

qui lucus ex insulā conspiciebatur,

Nep. Milt. 7, 3:

conspici inter se,

to be visible to one another, Liv. 37, 41, 4:

cum inter se conspecti essent,

id. 33, 6, 4:

hunc simulac cupido conspexit lumine virgo,

Cat. 64, 86:

conspectis luminibus crebris,

Liv. 31, 24, 7:

locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi,

Verg. A. 9, 237:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526:

super tabernaculum... unde ab omnibus conspici posset, imago Solis fulgebat,

Curt. 3, 3, 8:

conspecto delatore ejus,

Suet. Dom. 11:

rugas in speculo,

Ov. M. 15, 232:

cornua in undā,

id. ib. 1, 640:

arcem,

id. ib. 2, 794:

scopulum,

id. ib. 4, 731.—Of an inanimate subject:

si illud signum (Jovis) solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20.—With two accus., when an action, condition, etc., is the object:

quam (matrem) paucis ante diebus laureatam in suā gratulatione conspexit, eandem, etc.... eundem (filium) spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

Cic. Mur. 41, 88:

strata volgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea,

Lucr. 1, 315:

superiora loca multitudine armatorum completa,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

quos laborantes,

id. ib. 4, 26:

aliquos ex nave egredientes,

id. ib.:

aliquem conspiciens ad se ferentem,

Nep. Dat. 4, 5:

naves suas oppletas serpentibus,

id. Hann. 11, 6:

(Hannibalem) humi jacentem,

Liv. 21, 4, 7:

adrasum quendam,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; cf., pass.:

quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens Aeque conspicitur,

id. C. 3, 7, 26:

cum interim Metellus, monte degrediens cum exercitu, conspicitur,

Sall. J. 49, 5 dub.;

v. conspicor: terribilior niger conspicitur (canis),

Col. 7, 12, 4.—

With acc. and inf.:

corpus ut exanimum siquod procul ipse jacere Conspicias hominis,

Lucr. 6, 706:

qui nostros victores flumen transisse conspexerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

centum procurrere currus,

Cato, 64, 389; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45.—

Pregn., to look at with admiration or close attention, to gaze upon, observe, contemplate.

Act.:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

orabat, ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregiā stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent,

Liv. 1, 26, 9:

Demetrium ut pacis auctorem cum ingenti favore conspiciebant,

id. 39, 53, 2:

quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatūs ignotamque formam,

Nep. Dat. 3, 3:

cum bene notum Porticus Agrippae te conspexerit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 26.—

Esp. pass.: conspici, to attract attention, to be conspicuous, noticed, observed, distinguished, admired:

inania sunt ista... delectamenta paene puerorum, captare plausus, vehi per urbem, conspici velle,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60: in gestu nec [p. 436] venustatem conspiciendam, nec turpitudinem esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26:

sic quisque hostem ferire, murum adscendere, conspici dum tale facinus faceret, properabat,

Sall. C. 7, 6:

supellex modica, non multa, ut in neutram partem conspici posset,

Nep. Att. 13, 5:

quid te ut regium juvenem conspici sinis?

Liv. 1, 47, 5:

maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis albis juncto urbem invectus,

id. 5, 23, 5:

vestitus nihil inter aequales excellens, arma atque equi conspiciebantur,

id. 21, 4, 8; 5, 52, 3; 39, 6, 9:

quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris caelo ( = inter deos versaris),

Ov. M. 4, 19:

prima bonis animi conspicerere tui,

id. Tr. 1, 6, 34; Vell. 2, 91, 4; Quint. 11, 3, 137.—Less freq. in an unfavorable sense, to be notorious, to be gazed at with dislike or contempt:

carere me adspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium conspici mallem,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: ne quid faciat, quod conspici et derideri posset, Aug. ap. Suet. Claud. 4.—

Trop., to perceive mentally, to understand, comprehend:

satis in rem quae sint meam ego conspicio mihi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 10:

quantum ego nunc corde conspicio meo,

id. Ps. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ut conspiciatis eum mentibus, quoniam oculis non potestis,

Cic. Balb. 20, 47:

nullus error talis in L. Aemilio Paulo conspectus est,

Val. Max. 7, 5, 3.—Hence,

conspĭcĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), having understanding, intelligent:

ad quas (contumelias) despiciendas non sapiente opus est viro, sed tantum conspiciente,

Sen. Const. 16, 3 Haase (al. consipiente). —

conspectus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to I. A. 1.) Visible:

tumulus hosti conspectus,

Liv. 22, 24, 5; cf. id. 10, 40, 8; 32, 5, 13:

agmina inter se satis conspecta,

id. 22, 4, 6. —

(Acc. to I. B.) Striking, distinguished, remarkable, gazed at, = conspicuus (perh. not ante-Aug.):

Pallas chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,

Verg. A. 8, 588 (conspicuus, conspicabilis, Serv.); so,

victor Tyrio in ostro,

id. G. 3, 17; cf. Hor. A. P. 228:

juventus,

Ov. M. 12, 553:

patris avique fama conspectum eum faciebat,

Liv. 45, 7, 3:

conspectus elatusque supra modum hominis privati,

id. 4, 13, 3.— Comp., Ov. M. 4, 796; Liv. 2, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 11; Just. 11, 5; Juv. 8, 140 al.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.—

conspĭcĭendus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), worth seeing, worthy of attention, distinguished (perh. not ante-Aug.):

insideat celeri conspiciendus equo,

Tib. 1, 2, 70:

Nemesis donis meis,

id. 2, 3, 52:

Hyas formā,

Ov. F. 5, 170:

mater formosa Inter Dictaeos greges,

id. ib. 5, 118:

eques,

id. Tr. 2, 114:

opus vel in hac magnificentiā urbis,

Liv. 6, 4, 11; Val. Fl. 1, 261; Mart. 9, 50, 10.

conspĭcĭo, ōnis, f. [1. conspicio], the survey taken by the augur in fixing the limits of the templum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.

con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n., to look at attentively, to get sight of, to descry, perceive, observe (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

In gen.

Absol.:

inter eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

in tabernam,

Petr. 140, 14.—

With acc.:

me interrogas, Qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 122:

quae aedes... quas quotiensquomque conspicio, fleo,

id. Capt. 1, 1, 29:

si queat usquam Conspicere amissum fetum,

Lucr. 2, 358: quandoque te in jure conspicio, Leg. Act. ap. Cic. Caecin. 19, 54, and id. Mur. 12, 26:

ut procul novum vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:

quisque... quae prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,

id. ib. 1, 47:

ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt,

id. ib. 4, 12;

2, 26: sidus in regione caeli, etc.,

Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 94:

qui lucus ex insulā conspiciebatur,

Nep. Milt. 7, 3:

conspici inter se,

to be visible to one another, Liv. 37, 41, 4:

cum inter se conspecti essent,

id. 33, 6, 4:

hunc simulac cupido conspexit lumine virgo,

Cat. 64, 86:

conspectis luminibus crebris,

Liv. 31, 24, 7:

locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi,

Verg. A. 9, 237:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526:

super tabernaculum... unde ab omnibus conspici posset, imago Solis fulgebat,

Curt. 3, 3, 8:

conspecto delatore ejus,

Suet. Dom. 11:

rugas in speculo,

Ov. M. 15, 232:

cornua in undā,

id. ib. 1, 640:

arcem,

id. ib. 2, 794:

scopulum,

id. ib. 4, 731.—Of an inanimate subject:

si illud signum (Jovis) solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20.—With two accus., when an action, condition, etc., is the object:

quam (matrem) paucis ante diebus laureatam in suā gratulatione conspexit, eandem, etc.... eundem (filium) spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

Cic. Mur. 41, 88:

strata volgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea,

Lucr. 1, 315:

superiora loca multitudine armatorum completa,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

quos laborantes,

id. ib. 4, 26:

aliquos ex nave egredientes,

id. ib.:

aliquem conspiciens ad se ferentem,

Nep. Dat. 4, 5:

naves suas oppletas serpentibus,

id. Hann. 11, 6:

(Hannibalem) humi jacentem,

Liv. 21, 4, 7:

adrasum quendam,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; cf., pass.:

quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens Aeque conspicitur,

id. C. 3, 7, 26:

cum interim Metellus, monte degrediens cum exercitu, conspicitur,

Sall. J. 49, 5 dub.;

v. conspicor: terribilior niger conspicitur (canis),

Col. 7, 12, 4.—

With acc. and inf.:

corpus ut exanimum siquod procul ipse jacere Conspicias hominis,

Lucr. 6, 706:

qui nostros victores flumen transisse conspexerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

centum procurrere currus,

Cato, 64, 389; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45.—

Pregn., to look at with admiration or close attention, to gaze upon, observe, contemplate.

Act.:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

orabat, ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregiā stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent,

Liv. 1, 26, 9:

Demetrium ut pacis auctorem cum ingenti favore conspiciebant,

id. 39, 53, 2:

quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatūs ignotamque formam,

Nep. Dat. 3, 3:

cum bene notum Porticus Agrippae te conspexerit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 26.—

Esp. pass.: conspici, to attract attention, to be conspicuous, noticed, observed, distinguished, admired:

inania sunt ista... delectamenta paene puerorum, captare plausus, vehi per urbem, conspici velle,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60: in gestu nec [p. 436] venustatem conspiciendam, nec turpitudinem esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26:

sic quisque hostem ferire, murum adscendere, conspici dum tale facinus faceret, properabat,

Sall. C. 7, 6:

supellex modica, non multa, ut in neutram partem conspici posset,

Nep. Att. 13, 5:

quid te ut regium juvenem conspici sinis?

Liv. 1, 47, 5:

maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis albis juncto urbem invectus,

id. 5, 23, 5:

vestitus nihil inter aequales excellens, arma atque equi conspiciebantur,

id. 21, 4, 8; 5, 52, 3; 39, 6, 9:

quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris caelo ( = inter deos versaris),

Ov. M. 4, 19:

prima bonis animi conspicerere tui,

id. Tr. 1, 6, 34; Vell. 2, 91, 4; Quint. 11, 3, 137.—Less freq. in an unfavorable sense, to be notorious, to be gazed at with dislike or contempt:

carere me adspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium conspici mallem,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: ne quid faciat, quod conspici et derideri posset, Aug. ap. Suet. Claud. 4.—

Trop., to perceive mentally, to understand, comprehend:

satis in rem quae sint meam ego conspicio mihi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 10:

quantum ego nunc corde conspicio meo,

id. Ps. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

ut conspiciatis eum mentibus, quoniam oculis non potestis,

Cic. Balb. 20, 47:

nullus error talis in L. Aemilio Paulo conspectus est,

Val. Max. 7, 5, 3.—Hence,

conspĭcĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), having understanding, intelligent:

ad quas (contumelias) despiciendas non sapiente opus est viro, sed tantum conspiciente,

Sen. Const. 16, 3 Haase (al. consipiente). —

conspectus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to I. A. 1.) Visible:

tumulus hosti conspectus,

Liv. 22, 24, 5; cf. id. 10, 40, 8; 32, 5, 13:

agmina inter se satis conspecta,

id. 22, 4, 6. —

(Acc. to I. B.) Striking, distinguished, remarkable, gazed at, = conspicuus (perh. not ante-Aug.):

Pallas chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,

Verg. A. 8, 588 (conspicuus, conspicabilis, Serv.); so,

victor Tyrio in ostro,

id. G. 3, 17; cf. Hor. A. P. 228:

juventus,

Ov. M. 12, 553:

patris avique fama conspectum eum faciebat,

Liv. 45, 7, 3:

conspectus elatusque supra modum hominis privati,

id. 4, 13, 3.— Comp., Ov. M. 4, 796; Liv. 2, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 11; Just. 11, 5; Juv. 8, 140 al.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.—

conspĭcĭendus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), worth seeing, worthy of attention, distinguished (perh. not ante-Aug.):

insideat celeri conspiciendus equo,

Tib. 1, 2, 70:

Nemesis donis meis,

id. 2, 3, 52:

Hyas formā,

Ov. F. 5, 170:

mater formosa Inter Dictaeos greges,

id. ib. 5, 118:

eques,

id. Tr. 2, 114:

opus vel in hac magnificentiā urbis,

Liv. 6, 4, 11; Val. Fl. 1, 261; Mart. 9, 50, 10.

conspĭcĭo, ōnis, f. [1. conspicio], the survey taken by the augur in fixing the limits of the templum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.

consultātĭo, ōnis, f. [2. consulto].

A mature deliberation, consideration, consultation.

In gen. (rare but class.).

Abstr., * Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 28; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 142; id. Inv. 2, 25, 76 fin.; id. Off. 3, 12, 50; Suet. Ner. 41 al.—With ne:

per aliquot dies tenuit ea consultatio, ne non reddita bona belli causā... essent,

Liv. 2, 3, 5. —In plur., Sall. J. 27, 2.—

Concr., a subject of consultation:

copiose de consultationibus suis disputare,

Cic. Top. 17, 66. —

Esp., rhet. t. t.

A case proposed for decision, an inquiry concerning a case in law:

consultationem proponere,

Quint. 3, 8, 59:

cum apud C. Caesarem consultatio de poenā Theodoti proponitur,

id. 3, 8, 55; Dig. 31, 35.—

A general inquiry upon a subject, a consideration of a principle, = quaestio infinita (opp.:

definita controversia certis temporibus ac reis),

Cic. de Or. 3, 28, 109:

sive in infinitis consultationibus disceptatur, sive in iis causis quae in civitate et forensi disceptatione versantur,

id. ib. 3, 29, 111; id. Part. Or. 1, 4; id. Off. 3, 7, 33; id Att. 9, 4, 1 sqq.—

An asking of advice, inquiry (rare).

Abstr.:

tuas litteras exspecto, ut sciam, quid respondeant consultationi meae,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 3:

honesta consultatio, non expedita sententia,

Plin. Ep. 7, 18, 1:

redeunt illi sermones, illae consultationes,

id. ib. 8, 23, 6.—So of the questioning of the emperor by the prætor, an asking for instructions:

visa est enim mihi res digna consultatione,

Plin. Ep. 10, 96 (97), 9; Dig. 4, 4, 11.—

Concr., the inquiry addressed to an oracle (transl. of peusis), Macr. S. 1, 17, 50.— Plur.:

de consultationibus in Aponi fontem talos aureos jacere,

Suet. Tib. 14.

con-tŭmēlĭa (post-class. access. form contŭmĭa, Mart. Cap. 4, § 424; cf.: contumia contumelia, Gloss. Isid.), ae, f. [from a root tem, whence also temno, contemno, and contumax; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 1], abuse, insult, affront, reproach, invective, contumely (cf.: injuria, hubris; very freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

contumelia a contemptu dicta est, quia nemo nisi quem contempsit, tali injuriā notat,

Sen. Const. 11, 2: patior facile injuriam, si est vacua a contumeliā, Pac. ap. Non. p. 430, 16; cf.

Caecil. ib.: contumeliam alteri facere,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 82; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 79; cf. id. Eun. 5, 2, 26:

contumeliam dicere alicui,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 33; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 29; Liv. 25, 22, 13:

contumeliam si dicis, audies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 77:

jacere in aliquem,

Cic. Sull. 7, 23:

meretricum perpeti,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 3; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 96:

in se accipere,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1; cf.:

tanta contumelia accepta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

alicui imponere,

Sall. C. 48, 9:

quibus tu privatim injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

indignitates contumeliasque perferre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14: graves, severe reproaches (opp. libera consilia), Hor. Epod. 11, 26:

aliquid in suam contumeliam vertere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8:

per contumeliam,

id. ib. 1, 9; Quint. 4, 1, 11:

contumeliā perfugae appellari ab aliquo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 28; cf. Liv. 3, 50, 6 et saep.:

in contumeliam ignominiamque nostram certare juvat,

id. 4, 4, 12:

contumeliae verborum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5.—In mal. part., violation, Liv. 8, 28, 2; Auct. Har. Resp. 20, 42.—The expression facere contumeliam is censured by Cic. (Phil. 3, 9, 22) in the words of Antonius: nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus; but it is not clear on what grounds (whether as an archaism, or because it is used after the analogy of jacturam facere, in the sense of contumelia adfici); v. Quint. 9, 3, 13, and cf. esp. Gronov. Observv. 3, 8, pp. 488-502 (pp. 241-247 Frotsch.).—Personified: Contŭmē-lĭa, like Hubris, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28.—

Transf., injury, assault, annoyance, violence, blows, etc. ( = injuria):

naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam,

injury, violence, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; so Phaedr. 1, 2, 21:

praeberi ora contumeliis,

to the blows, Tac. H. 3, 31; 3, 85:

debilitatis suae,

annoyance, hardship, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 9; cf. injuria.

con-tŭmēlĭa (post-class. access. form contŭmĭa, Mart. Cap. 4, § 424; cf.: contumia contumelia, Gloss. Isid.), ae, f. [from a root tem, whence also temno, contemno, and contumax; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 1], abuse, insult, affront, reproach, invective, contumely (cf.: injuria, hubris; very freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

contumelia a contemptu dicta est, quia nemo nisi quem contempsit, tali injuriā notat,

Sen. Const. 11, 2: patior facile injuriam, si est vacua a contumeliā, Pac. ap. Non. p. 430, 16; cf.

Caecil. ib.: contumeliam alteri facere,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 82; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 79; cf. id. Eun. 5, 2, 26:

contumeliam dicere alicui,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 33; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 29; Liv. 25, 22, 13:

contumeliam si dicis, audies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 77:

jacere in aliquem,

Cic. Sull. 7, 23:

meretricum perpeti,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 3; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 96:

in se accipere,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1; cf.:

tanta contumelia accepta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

alicui imponere,

Sall. C. 48, 9:

quibus tu privatim injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

indignitates contumeliasque perferre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14: graves, severe reproaches (opp. libera consilia), Hor. Epod. 11, 26:

aliquid in suam contumeliam vertere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8:

per contumeliam,

id. ib. 1, 9; Quint. 4, 1, 11:

contumeliā perfugae appellari ab aliquo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 28; cf. Liv. 3, 50, 6 et saep.:

in contumeliam ignominiamque nostram certare juvat,

id. 4, 4, 12:

contumeliae verborum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5.—In mal. part., violation, Liv. 8, 28, 2; Auct. Har. Resp. 20, 42.—The expression facere contumeliam is censured by Cic. (Phil. 3, 9, 22) in the words of Antonius: nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus; but it is not clear on what grounds (whether as an archaism, or because it is used after the analogy of jacturam facere, in the sense of contumelia adfici); v. Quint. 9, 3, 13, and cf. esp. Gronov. Observv. 3, 8, pp. 488-502 (pp. 241-247 Frotsch.).—Personified: Contŭmē-lĭa, like Hubris, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28.—

Transf., injury, assault, annoyance, violence, blows, etc. ( = injuria):

naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam,

injury, violence, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; so Phaedr. 1, 2, 21:

praeberi ora contumeliis,

to the blows, Tac. H. 3, 31; 3, 85:

debilitatis suae,

annoyance, hardship, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 9; cf. injuria.