-
41 σύριχος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `basket' (Alex.). Also συρίσκος ἀγγεῖόν τι πλεκτόν, εἰς ο σῦκα ἐμβάλλουσι. τινες δε ὑρίσκον H.Other forms: Here also ὕριχος (Porson; cod. - ισός Ar. Fr. 569, 5), ὕρισχος and βρίσχος (Phryn. PS), σύρισσος (Poll.), ὑρίσσος (H.), - ός (Theognost.); also ὑρρίς σπυρίς (Zonar.); cf. ὑρίσιδα (for ὑρίς, - ίδα?) σπυρίδιον, σπυρίς H.; ὑρράδα (cod. ὕρρ-) σπυρίδιον (Theognost.), ὕρραχα πρίσχη H. (cf. βρίσχος in Phryn.). With other anlaut: ἄρριχος (s. v.) and ἀρίσκος κόφινος H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The suffixes - ιχος and - ίσχος both show the popular character of the above words, which have clearly never reached the stabilising level of the literary language; (of course there may also be mistakes in the tradition). Etymol. unclear. Analytical attempt by Güntert Reimwortbild. 143; cf. also ῥίσκος and the lit. on ἄρριχος; further Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 22 f. w. further details and hypotheses. Furnée 135, 241, 392, 300Page in Frisk: 2,822Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύριχος
-
42 ἀνθρηδών
ἀνθρηδών, - όνοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `hornet' (D. S.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No doubt a substatum word. Beside ἀνθρηδών, ἀνθρήνη we find τενθρηδών f. (Arist.), τενθρήνη (Nik.); τενθρήνιον (Arist.). There are several forms which lack the first nasal: τεθρηνιώδης (Hp.), ἀθρήνη (Suidas etc.) and without red. or ἀ-, θρήνη, (Eust.), θρηνώδης (Democr. ap. Ael.); Winter Proth. Vok. 45. Cf. further θρῶναξ κηφήν. Λάκωνες H. (I know of no other cases with η\/ω). Note also πεμφρηδών f. `a wasp' (Nic.). So we have a root θρη\/ ων- with prothetic vowel or reduplication (cf. κεκρύφαλος, Σίσυφος) and prenasalization; Kuiper FS Kretschmer 221f. For ν\/δ cf. perhaps φληναφάω - φληδῶντα. Πεμφρηδών may show that the word had a labio-velar (Beekes Glotta 73, 1995\/6, 12f.). - There is no ground to assume that τενθρήνη, τενθρηδών are dissimilated from *τερθρ-. Relation with ἀθήρ, ἀνθέριξ is therefore improbable. Not to θρέομαι, θόρυβος. - τεθρηδών πρωρεύς H. rather a joking formation of the sailors' language after the animal names in - ηδών (Chantr. Form. 360f.). A difficult problem is the relation to Germanic and Balto-Slavic words: OS dren, drāno (Germ. Drohne), Lith. trãnas; s. Kuiper l.c. 222.Page in Frisk: 1,110Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνθρηδών
-
43 ἔρρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `go (away), go to one's own harm, go to ruin', mostly perfective `be away, be lost' (Il.); (Schwyzer-Debrunner 274), mostly with unpleasant side-meaning of unhappiness, disaster, mostly in ipv. and imperatival expressions,Other forms: Locr. ipv. Ϝερρέτω, El. inf. (in imperat. function) Ϝάρρεν; non-present- forms are rare: fut. ἐρρήσω (h. Merc. 259, Com.), aor. ἤρρησα (Com.), perf. εἰσ-ήρρηκα (Ar. Th. 1075)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Expressive word of the common lenguage and the poetic language, unknown to prose. Unexplained. Derivation from *Ϝέρσι̯ω and connection with Lat. verrō `sweep', OCS vrъchǫ, vrěšti `thresh' fails, apart from the semantic differences, from the general Greek, clearly expressive geminate - ρρ-. Old interjection?Page in Frisk: 1,566Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρρω
-
44 κέρκος
Grammatical information: f.Compounds: Compp. e. g. κερκο-φόρος `with a tail', ἄ-κερκος `tailless' (Arist.); on κέρκουρος and κέρκωψ s. v.Derivatives: The diminutives κερκίς (s. v.) and κερκίον (Aq., Sm., Thd.); also the animal's names κέρκα ἀκρίς H.(s.v.), κερκώπη name of a cicada (Ar.; Strömberg Wortstudien 16; cf. on Κέρκωπες), prob. also κέρκαξ ἱέραξ H. and (with unclear, perhaps corrupt ending) κέρκνος ἱέραξ, η ἀλεκτρυών H. (after the long or characteristic tail; κέρκος itself is glossed by H. a. o. with ἀλεκτρυών; cf. however also on κρέξ); - κέρκωσις `tail-like growth' (medic.); κερκέτης τὸ μικρὸν πηδάλιον H. (Paus. Gr. Fr. 118).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As opposed to οὑρά κέρκος, perh. prop. `stave, rod' (s. on κερκίς), seems to come from the lowly language. Origin unknown. Doubtful hypotheses (to κρέκω?, κρίκος, κίρκος?, MIr. corc `covering with hair', from *κερ-κρ-ος dissimil.?) are given by Bq (with Add. et Corr.). Rather Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,830-831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρκος
-
45 Λέλεγες
Λέλεγες, -ωνGrammatical information: m. pl.Meaning: old people on the coasts of Greece and Asia Minor and on the islands (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Reduplicated formation (like Βάρβαροι); because of the foreign language perhaps called "the babbler, chatterer", to λαλα-γέω, λαλέω (cf. Schwyzer 59 n. 2). Referring to the sing. Λέξ (given by grammarians (Arkad., Theognost.) Brandenstein P. -W. Suppl. 6, 169 f. suggets that Λέ-λεγ-ες is protohattic (= Hattic)and has a pluralprefix λε-; thus Kretschmer Glotta 28, 249 and 32, 162ff. with further quite hypothetic combinations after Trubetzkoy Mél. van Ginneken 171 ff. - Theander Eranos 15, 151 ff. tries to connect ἔλεγος, ἐλελευ.̃Page in Frisk: 2,103Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Λέλεγες
-
46 ἄνθρωπος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `man' (Il.);Dialectal forms: Myc. atoroqo \/anthrōkʷos\/.Derivatives: Many der.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etym. Survey in Seiler Glotta 32, 225ff. and Frisk. ἄνθρωπος resembles Hitt. antuḫšaš `man' (Kretschmer Glotta 9, 231f.; W. Petersen AmJPh 56, 59f.). Improbable Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 312; Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 655f.; vW. - As no IE explanation has been found, the word will be a substr. word. Myc. - oq- does not prove IE origin, as the substr. language had labio-velars ( βασιλεύς). Kuiper gave a substr. interpretation on the basis of δρώψ, FS Kretschmer, 1, 211f; Lingua 21 (1968) 275f.; defended by Beekes, Glotta 73 (1995\/6) 13-15.Page in Frisk: 1,110-111Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄνθρωπος
-
47 ἀπαρίνη
ἀπαρίνη (ῑ)Grammatical information: f.Meaning: the plant `cleavers, Gallium aparine' (Thphr.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. André Latomus 15 (1956) 295 connects ἀρήν (?). Note the suffix -ῑν-, which is typical of the substr. language.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀπαρίνη
-
48 βάρβαρος
βάρβαρος, ον (onomatopoetic formation; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb. [Dalman, Gram.2 183, 185]) gener. pert. to what is foreign (esp. from the perspective of one who knows Greek and is familiar w. Hellenic culture; the components ‘foreign in language’ and ‘foreign in culture’ are ordinarily linked) ‘non-Hellenic’① w. focus on strangeness of language: pert. to using a language that is unintelligible to outsiders, foreign-speaking, of foreign tongue adj. or noun 1 Cor 14:11 (cp. Hdt. 2, 158; Aristoph., Av. 199 and its scholia [Ltzm. on 1 Cor 14:11]; Ovid, Tristia 5, 10, 37 barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli ‘I’m a barbarus here, because no one understands me’; Ps 113:1).② w. focus on non-Hellenic association: pert. to not speaking Greek or participating in Gk. cultureⓐ adj. not Hellenic πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας κ. βαρβάρους Dg 5:4.ⓑ subst. a non-Hellene, foreigner (the Engl. loanw. ‘barbarian’ is freq. used in a derogatory sense and is therefore inappropriate for rendering [as NRSV, REB et al.] the Gk. term when it appears without the negative contexts of some texts composed after the Persian wars, e.g. Demosth. 26, 17) contrasted w. Hellenes (the Neo-Platonist Amelius [III A.D.] calls the writer of John’s gospel a β.: Eus., PE 11, 19, 1) Ἕλληνες κ. βάρβαροι Ro 1:14 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 404; Pla., Theaet. 175a; Chariton 6, 3, 7; SIG 360, 12 and 27; 867, 32; OGI 765, 16ff; IAndrosIsis p. 124, 31 ἐγὼ διαλέκτους Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις ἔταξα=125, 27 [but διετάξάμην]; Philo, Abr. 267; Jos., Ant. 4, 12; 8, 284 al.—The Romans refused to be classified as β.: Jüthner [s. Ἕλλην 1] p. 62; MPohlenz, Stoa II ’49, 139); cp. Col 3:11 (44th Ep. of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 354, 25]: there is no difference betw. people εἴτε βάρβαρος εἴτε καὶ Ἕλλην.—THermann, ThBl 9, 1930, 106f). Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone; indeed, Luke transforms the ‘foreigners’ into ‘Hellenes’ by noting their extraordinary hospitality παρεῖχον οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν; cp. Warnecke, Romfahrt 111–18).—AEichhorn, βάρβαρος quid significaverit, diss. Leipz. 1904; HWerner, Barbarus: NJklA 41, 1918, 389–408; RAC I 1173–76; JAC 10, ’67, 251–96. S. Ἕλλην 1.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
49 κοινός
A common (opp. ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op. 723;ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.Ec. 610
; of a common altar, Simon.140;τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG1044.29
(Halic., iv/iii B.C.);κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.N.7.30
; τρεῖς.. κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr. 795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib. 613;τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R. 457d
: prov.,κοινὸν τύχη A.Fr. 389
, cf. Men.Mon. 356;κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.Or. 735
(troch.), Pl.Phdr. 279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph. 1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr. 207 (lyr.);κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.Hier.2.8
;τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ. Men.531.8
;κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8
;κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791
: c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another,ὑμῖν φῶς.. καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.Ag. 523
;ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.Th. 812
;θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19
;οἰκία.. κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147
; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol. 1289b14, cf. 1265b29;κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.HG7.1.32
;τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611
: c. gen.,πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.Pr. 1092
(anap.), cf. Pers. 132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both.., Pl.Mx. 241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v;κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.Synt.144.19
;οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα AP11.141
(Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with.., CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.;κ. μεταξύ τινων Stud.Pal.1.7
ii 11 (v A.D.).II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90;κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37
, Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib. 170;ἀδικήματα D.21.45
;ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.Lg. 872b
; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib. 724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free,κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36
.2 τὸ κ. the state,τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt.1.67
: abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.;τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3
, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20;τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36
.b esp. of leagues or federations,τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt.5.109
;τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21
;τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG457.10
(Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG 1113 ([place name] Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations,τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy.53.2
(iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).c the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.;τὰ κ. Hdt.3.156
;ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th.5.37
; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.d the public treasury,χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id.7.144
;ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6
, cf. 17;χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt.9.87
; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl. 569, D.8.23 (in full,τὰ κ. χρήματα X.HG6.5.34
, Arist.Pol. 1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12; , cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).III common, ordinary,τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl.Ax. 366b
;διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist.Rh. 1355a27
; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN 1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit. 309; soκ. τόπος Hermog.Prog.6
, Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28;κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2
;κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.Lys.3
; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2;πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53
M.2 Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, ' and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53;ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond.46.435
; cf. κοινολογία.IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters,κ. σπέρμα Pi.O.7.92
, cf.S.OT 261, OC 535 (lyr.);κ. αἷμα Id.Ant. 202
, cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); alsoκ. Χάριτες Pi.O.2.50
.2 one who shares in a thing, partner,ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S.OT 240
;κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.Aj. 267
, cf. Ar.V. 917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 ([place name] Cyrene).3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial,μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53
; neutral, ib.68; ;μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist.Ath.6.3
; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.);κ. μεσίτης PStrassb.41.14
(iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ.. κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol. 1327a6.b courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9;κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc.5.80
;τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2
J.;ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.Rh.1.202
S.c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c;τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.APo. 76b14
; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib. 88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general,κ. ὅρος Arist.Metaph. 987b6
; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22;ὄνομα κ. Str.10.2.10
; abstract,ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam.Pr. 341
.VI Gramm.,1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.2 v.supr.111.2.3 of gender,κ. γένος D.T.634.19
; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.VII of forbidden meats, common, profane,φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap.10.14
, cf. Ep.Rom.14.14;κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc.7.2
.B Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E. Ion 1462;τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men.817
: [comp] Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol. 1272a16.3 sociably, like other citizens,οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151
;ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.Rh.Al. 1430a1
;κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu.Ant.33
; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.4 in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1;κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld.Rh.1.256
S.; - οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.6 in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: [comp] Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.II fem. dat. [full] κοινῇ; [dialect] Dor. [full] κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT 606, OC 1339, E.Hipp. 731, Th.1.3, etc.;κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.Pol. 1278b23
, cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp. 209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.;ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291
: also neut.pl..3 as Prep. c. dat., together with, E. Ion 1228, Hel. 829, Fr. 823.III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public,ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κ. φράσω A.Pr. 844
;πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id.Eu. 408
, cf.Ar.Av. 457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 796e;εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D.19.156
; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht. 165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg. 681c.2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph. 987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An. 407b29.4 κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ' ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. forκατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3
. -
50 θύμβρᾱ
θύμβρᾱGrammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a sweet-scented plant, savory, `Satureia Thymbra' (Com., Thphr., Dsc.),Other forms: also θύμβρον (Thphr.) and θυμβραία (Hp. ap. Gal.; after other plant names in - αία). Trough metathesis (or adaptation to θρύ-πτω?) θρύμβη (Gp.).Derivatives: θυμβρώδης `θ.-like' (Thphr.), θυμβρίτης οἶνος `with θ. spiced wine' (Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Connected with θύμον, θύμος `thyme', but hardly directly derived from it (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 149); the β could be epenthetic between μ and ρ. An ρ-derivation from τύφω with nasalisation and deaspiration (Persson Stud. 56 n. 4 ;) is most improbable: there is no nasalization in Greek (except in Pre-Greek) and there was no deaspiration after nasal ( ἀμφί); the proposal is rejected by DELG - Further Slavic plant names are mentioned like Russ. dubrávka `Potentilla erecta'; "alles ganz hypothetisch oder unwahrscheinlich (dubrávka wohl von dubráva `Laubwald, Park')" Frisk. Niedermann Glotta 19, 14 recalls an Anatolian GN like Θύμβρη, Θύμβριον, and on the other side Τυφρηστός (southern spur of the Pindos, called after θύμβρα?). - It is clearly a non-(IE-)Greek plant-name, prob. Pre-Greek. The Anatolian place name could stem from a related language. Note also the metathesized form. The ending - αια is remarkable.Page in Frisk: 1,692Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύμβρᾱ
-
51 καλαῦροψ
καλαῦροψ, - οποςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a herder's staff, which was thrown to drive back the cattle to the herd (Ψ 845, Antim., A.R.);Other forms: κολλόροβον (Hipparch. Ptol.; BGU 59.13 written κολλώροβον), = κορύνη H. (which has κολλορόβον); (Fur. 145f.)Derivatives: καλαυρόπιον (Artem.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unclear καλαυρόφις βακτηριοφόρος H. (in wrong place); Fur. 146 n. 18 suggests that it is a mistake for *καλαυροπο-φορίς. - Aeolic compound καλα-Ϝροψ (Schwyzer 224, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 158), of which the second member reminds ῥόπαλον (s. v.), but which is further unexplained. The comparison with Skt. śalá- ` stick' (s. Bq; cf. on κῆλον) or with κλάω, κλάσαι must be forgotten. - A typical Pre-Greek word, which contains a labialized r, i.e. rʷ: * kalarʷap-; the labial element was anticipated in καλαυροπ-, the element coloured the following a into o; in κολλορ- the preceding a was also coloured to o; the first a was assimilated to the following o, ω; the ω was contracted from αυ; compare for the phenomena on ἄλοξ. (The final syllable will have had -ap- as this was the normal form in Pre-Greek and as the language did not have a phoneme o.) Thus the forms show several phenomena typical of Pre-Greek loans.Page in Frisk: 1,762Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλαῦροψ
-
52 καπνός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `smoke, steam' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-pi-ni-ja.Compounds: Compp., e. g. καπνο-δόκη ` flue (of a chimney' (IA.), δύσ-καπνος ` with an unpleasant smoke' (A., Thphr.).Derivatives: Subst. 1. κάπνη (Com.), short form of καπνοδόκη; also = καπνιαῖος λίθος ( PHolm.; s. below); 2. καπνία for κάπνη (Moer. 292, Gloss.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 56); 3. καπνίας m. name a) of a wine, that got a special taste from smoke (Com.), b) a kind of jasper, = καπνίτης, from the colour (Dsc., Plin.), c) of the poet Ekphantides (Ar. V. 151; ` διὰ τὸ μηδεν λαμπρὸν γράφειν' H.). 4. καπνίτης m. name of a stone, from the colour (Alex. Trall.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), καπνῖτις f. plant name, `fumitory, Fumaria officinalis', from the smoke-coloured leaves (Ps.-Dsc.), also called κάπνιος and καπνός (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27, Redard 72). - Adject. 5. κάπνε(ι)ος (sc. ἄμπελος) f. `vine with smoke-coloured grapes' (Arist., Thphr., pap.); 6. καπνώδης `smokey, smoke-coloured' (Arist., Thphr., Plb.); 7. καπνηλός ` smoke-like' (Nic. Th. 54); 8. καπνιαῖος λίθος ` smoke-coloured quarz' ( PHolm.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. καπνίζω, aor. καπνίσ(σ)αι, also with prefix, ἀπο-, περι-, ὑπο-, `smoke, make smoke, be smoke-coloured' (Il.) with κάπνισις `exposure to smoke' (Arist.), κάπνισμα ` incense' (AP), καπνιστήριον `steam-bath?' (Priene); 2. καπνόομαι `vanish into smoke' (Pi., E.); 3. καπνιάω `smoke a bee-hive' (A. R. 2, 131), after θυμιάω; 4. καπνείω `let vanish into smoke, burn' (Nic. Th. 36). - Beside καπνός there is an aorist ἀπὸ ( δε ψυχην) ἐκάπυσσεν `breathe forth' (Χ 467; κάπυσσεν Q. S. 6, 523), with the present καπύσσων ἐκπνέων H.; the supposed basis seems preserved in κάπυς πνεῦμα H. (also κάπος ψυχή, πνεῦμα). Uncertain is the gloss, given in the wrong place, καπυκτά πνέοντα H.; connected with καπύσσων?, cf ἀλύω (s.v.) with ἀλύσσω s. The stem with υ- also in καπυρός `dry etc.', s. v.; uncertain is κέκηφε τέθνηκε H., κεκαφηότα (Hom.), s. v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: An original *κϜαπ-νός (see Schwyzer 302; and s. below), but note that Myc. does not have a w, agrees with Lith. kvãpas `breath, smell'; beside it with ē-vowel kvėpiù,kvẽpti `gasp, breathe', Latv. kvêpstu, kvêpt `smoke, smell'; καπνός a. cogn. then seem to go back on IE. ku̯ep-. An old question is whether Lat. vapor `vapour, smoke' with v- for expected qu- is cognate. On the other hand Russ. kópotь `fine soot, dust' etc. presents a u̯-less form, which cannot be explained from Slavic. Finally Germ., e. g. Goth. af- ƕapjan `suffocate, extinguish', af- ƕapnan `extinguish' show a root-final p for f (b). "Man hat somit in den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zahlreichen, nicht unerwarteten Entgleisungen zu rechnen. (Frisk)" - More forms in Pok. 596f.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. vapor, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kvẽpti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kópotь. S. also Bq. - Schrijver (Laryng. in Latin, 260f.) assumed a laryngeal for Latvian, and posited * kuh₂ep-, a rare type that is perhaps impossible; also it is uncertain that this gave *κϜαπ-. IE origin, then, is improbable. * kap- is unprobelematic for Pre-Greek; an u-stem ( κάπυς) is frequent in Pre-Greek (s. Heubeck, Praegraeca 31-39), as is a suffix n- after consonant (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). The Baltic (and Slavic) forms, and Lat. vapor are unclear, and may come form a substr. language. (I do not assume * kʷap-, as this would give *κ(ϝ)οπ-, cf. ἄλοξ, καλαῦροψ.)Page in Frisk: 1,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καπνός
-
53 κᾱραβος
κά̄ραβοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. `a prickly crustacean' (Epich., Ar., Arist.; cf. Thompson Fishes s. v.), metaph. a light canoo (EM); 2. `a horned beetle' (Arist.).Other forms: σκορόβυλος κάνθαρος H.Derivatives: καραβίς `kind of sea-crab' (Gal., Sch.), καράβιον = ἐφόλκιον (H. s. ἐφόλκια, sch.); prob. also καραβαία δίκρουν ξύλον H. (s. Grošelj Razprave 2, 11). - Beside it κηραφίς = καραβίς (Nic. Al. 394) (sec. after the names in - φ(ο)-; and epic language imitating η for α?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown; cf. Cohen BSL 27 (1927) 100, wo gives several similar Arabic words. Acc. to Bq s. v. - βος un-Greek (Macedonian) for Gr. - φος \< IE. - bho-. Fur. (index s.v.) connects several words; first there is καρβάρεοι κάραβοι; then there is a prenasalized form καράμβιος (Ar. Byz. Epit. 9, 11; v.l. Arist. HA 551b17), and κεράμβυξ s.v. (Nic. Fr. 39, H.) and κεράμβηλον Η. (- ηλο- is well known from Pre-Greek), which cannot be derived from κέρας (as Frisk suggests). He further posits *σκαραβαῖος on the basis of Lat. scarabaeus, which seems unavoidable. The form σκορόβυλος no doubt continues *σκαραβ-υλ-, where the α's turned to - ο- before the - υ- in the following syllable (Fur. 340 discusses the phenomenon, but did not see that it operated here); so here we have evidence for σκαραβ. Then there is γραψαῖος (Diph. Siph. ap. Ath. 3, 106d) = κάραβος, which he assumes to stand for *γαρψαῖος (doubtful, s.v.). Further s. on σκορπίος (which in my view does not belong here). It is clear that we have here a Pre-Greek word with several of its usual variants. So we have * (s)karab-. - From κάραβος Lat. cārabus `crab', `small boat' (with Rom., e. g. Fr. caravelle) and a Slavic word for `ship', e. g. Russ. koráblь; s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. with lit. and crit.Page in Frisk: 1,785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κᾱραβος
-
54 νέκταρ
νέκταρ, - αροςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `nectar, drink of the gods' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in νεκταρο-σταγής `dripping nectar' (com.).Derivatives: νεκτάρ-εος `of nectar, smelling as nectar' (Il.), - ώδης `nectar-like' (Gp.); νεκτάριον n. plantname = ἑλένιον (Dsc.), also name of a medicine and several eye-salves (Gal.), with νεκταρίτης ( οἶνος) `wine spiced with νεκτάριον' (Dsc., Plin., Redard 98).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: As opposed to the comparable ἀμβροσία (s. βροτός) without certain etymology. Often considered as compoound of νεκ- in νέκ-ες (cf. νέκ-υς, νεκ-ρός) and a verb `get over, overcome', which is found a.o. in Skt. tárati and as zero grade final member in ap-túr `passing the waters', viśva-túr `overcoming everything' etc. (cf. τέρμα). Thus (after Grimm a.o.) esp. Thieme Studien 5ff. with extensive argumentation and criticism of other views: νέκταρ prop. as expression of the IE poetic language "das über die [Todes -]Vernichtung Hinwegrettende". Doubts in Leumann Gnomon 25, 190 f.; agreeing Schmitt KZ 77, 88 who refers to Skt. mr̥tyúmáti tr̥̄ `overcome death' (odanéna `through rice-milk' AV 4, 35). -- To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 161 ff. (agreeing Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 218 A.): νέ-κταρ prop. "Nichttotsein" (to κτέρες νεκροί H.; but s. on κτέρας), not better Grošelj Razprave II 46 f.: to Lith. nė̃koti `stir, knead'. New hypothesis by v. Windekens Rev.. belge de phil. 21, 146 ff.: to Toch. A ñkät, B ñakte `god'; thus Kretschmer WienAkAnz. 84, 13ff., but as Anatolian LW [loanword]. - Fur. 320 compares νικὰριον, an eye-salve. If this is correct, the word is clearly Pre-Greek; he also points to the Pre-Greek words in - αρ (134 n. 75). He holds that the existing interpretations are too Indo-Iranian in character, not so much Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέκταρ
-
55 θάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `inside room at the back of a house' (as opposed to μέγαρον, δῶμα), as room for women and sleepingroom, also as room for provisions (Il.; on the meaning Wace JournofHellStud. 71, 203ff.), in mariners' language `the lowest deck of a ship' (Timae., Poll.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θαλαμη-πόλος f., late m. `lady's-maid, -servant; eunuch' (Od.; - η- rhythmically conditioned, Schwyzer 438f.). - θαλάμη f. `lair, den, cavity of the body' (ε 432, E., Hp., Arist.), as nautical term = θάλαμος (Luc.): on θάλαμος θάλαμος - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 284.Derivatives: θαλαμιά `rowers shutter on the lowest deck of the ship' (Hdt. 5, 33), also `the oar at this deck' (Ar. Ach. 533, inscr.); cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 129, on the meaning Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 125ff.; with θαλαμίας m. `the rower in the θάλαμος or in the θαλαμιά' (Th. 4, 32, App., Them.), with this meaning also θαλάμᾱξ (Ar. Ra. 1074; Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Formation 381) and θαλαμίτης (sch. ad loc.). From θάλαμος still the rare θαλαμήϊος (Hes. Op. 807, A. R.), θαλαμαῖος (Ph.), θαλαμίς (An. Ox.) and the denominative θαλαμεύομαι, - εύω `being brought into the θάλαμος, take as wife' (Ph., Hld. u. a.) with θαλαμεύτρια = νυμφεύτρια (Poll.); θαλάμευμα = θάλαμος E. Ba. 120 (lyr.), cf. Chantraine Formation 185; θαλαμευτός (Tim. Pers. 245).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: reminds of θόλος (s. v.), further unknown; Pre-Greek origin is quite possible. Acc. to E. Maaß RhM 77, 1ff. also to θάλος, θαλλός; well-founded doubts in Wahrmann Glotta 19, 213. Pelasgian etymology in v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 88f.; diff. Haas Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 129ff. - [Not to ὀφθαλμός, s. v.]- The structure of the word (CαC-αC-) is typically Pre-Greek; it can be cognate with θόλος (Fur. 342).Page in Frisk: 1,648Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλαμος
-
56 μῑκρός
μῑκρόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `small, short, little'; on the meaning and use (beside ὀλίγος) in poetry Moorhouse Class. Quart. 41, 31 ff. (E 801, γ 296, Trag., Att.);Other forms: also σμικρός (P 757, Hes. Op. 361, Ion., trag., Att.), μικκός (Dor. Boeot.), μικός (Att. inscr. IVa, Trag. Adesp. 31, pap.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, esp. in scient. and techn. language.Derivatives: Diminut. and hypocor.: μικύλος (Mosch. 1, 13); μικύ-θινον τὸ μικρόν καὶ νήπιον H.; *μικκιχος (cf. ὁσσίχος a.o. Chantraine Form. 404) in Lac. μικκιχιδδόμενος `under age' (inscr.; from *μικκιχίζομαι; cf. Schwyzer 331); cf. also the PN below. Abstract: ( σ)μικρότης f. `trigle, insignificance' (Anaxag., Pl.). Denomin.: ( σ)μικρύνω, also with prefix, esp. κατα-, `diminish, reduce, degrade' (Demetr. Eloc., LXX); κατασμικρίζω `id.' (Arist., Phld.), σμικρίζεσθαι διαττᾶσθαι H.; ἀποσμικρόω `id.' (Tim. Lex.). -- PN, e.g. Σμικρίνης m. "niggard" (Men.; as Αἰσχίνης etc.), Μίκων, Μικίων, Μίκυθος, - ίων, Σμικυθίων (Leumann Hom. Wörter 155 A. 129, Schulze Kl. Schr. 671).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On σμικρος (older) and μικρός with unexplained initial change Schwyzer 310f.; the ρ-suffix may come from the opposite μακρός (cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 160); diff. Bloomfield Lang. 1, 94: μικ-ρό-ς: μικ-υ-θός old ro: u-variation[improbable, s. below]. Through expressive gemination arose μικκός, and to this, with normal simplification of the κ, μικός. -- Without agreement outside Greek. One can compare on the one hand Lat. mīca `crumb, corn, a little' (might stand for * smīk-ā), on the other hand Germ. words for `small' with IE ē-vowel, e.g. OHG smāhi `small, little, low' with smāhen `reduce', NHG schmähen; one might bring together these forms under IE smē[i]k-: smīk-. Further there are adj. for `graceful, elegant' with IE g, e.g. OE smicre `elegant, nice', Lith. su-smìžęs `small, crippled'. The varying form is with a word of this meaning not surprising; on the symbolic character of the i (against α in μακρός) Sieberer Sprache 2, 118 n. 73 (p. 119).-- The connection with the comparativ μείων, with the κ taken from the opposite μακρός (Seiler Steigerungsformen 115), fails because of the clearly older σμικρός, which cannot be combined with μείων (to Skt. minā́ti `reduce' etc.). -- More material WP. 2, 685f., Pok. 966f., W.-Hofmann s. mīca. - The varying initial points rather to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,236-237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῑκρός
-
57 νῆσος
νῆσος MeierBruggerGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `island' (Il.); also `(flooded) land near a river, alluvial land' ( Tab. Herakl., pap.; NGr. [underit.] nasída; Schwyzer Festschr. Kretschmer 245 ff.. Rohlfs Wb. No. 1457).Other forms: Dor. νᾱ̃σος (Rhod. νᾶσσος SGDI4123,4; Ia).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. νησο-φύλαξ `island-guardian' (D. S.), νησί-αρχος, - άρχης `island-governor' (Antiph. Com., hell. inscr. a.o.), after ταξί-, πολί-αρχος a.o.; not from νησίς or νησίον; χερσό-νησος, Att. χερρό-, Dor. - νασος f. `peninsula'; on περί-νησον s. v.Derivatives: 1. Diminutives: νησίς f. (Hdt., Th., Plb.), νησίδιον (Th., Arist., Str.), νησίον (Str.), νησύδριον (X., Isoc.). -- 2. Other nouns: νησιώτης, Dor. νασιώτας, f. - τις `inhabitant of an island, living on an island' (Pi., Hdt., A.), after ἰδιώτης, στρατιώτης a.o. (Schwyzer 500, Chantraine Form. 311; cf. also Redard 9 w. n. 33); from it νησιωτικός `typical of an island-inhabitant' (Hdt., Th., Ar., E.), also connected with νῆσος (cf. Chantraine Études 118, 123 a. 125); νησίτης m. `id.' (St. Byz.), f. νασῖτις `forming an island' (AP); cf. Redard 23 a. 108f.; νησαῖος `islandish' (E., Arat.; after λιμναῖος etc.); Νησιάδεια n. pl. `island-feast', - ειον sg. name of a fund (Delos IIIa), with - ι- as in νησί-αρχος a.o. -- 3. Verbs: νησίζω (Plb.), - ιάζω (Str., Ph.) `form an island'; νησεύομαι `form alluvial deposits' (EM25, 48).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. Since Curtius 319 mostly taken as "the swimmer" to νή-χ-ω, Lat. nā-re etc. with diff. interpretation of the formation: from *νη-κιο-ς (Curtius); thematic transformation of an s-stem * snā-t(e)s- or * snā-dh(e)s- (Brugmann, e.g. Grundr.2 II: 1, 541); σο-suffix as in καῦσος a.o. (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244), which stand however beside living aorists ( καῦσαι etc.). -- Not with Pisani Glotta 26, 276f. (as before Bopp and Weber Ind. Streifen 3,39) as `promotory' = Lat. nāsus `nose'; s. Curtius l.c. and W. Hofmann s. nāsum. As the IE words for `island' vary from language to language, we have probably an Aegean loanword (Ernout-Meillet, who want to connect the also unclear Lat. insula; thus Skok Glotta 25, 217ff; against this W. Hofmann s.v.) - For a Pre-Greek loan also Fur. 387, who points to the variation between single σ and geminate. Meier-Brügger follows Rix on νῆσσα in assuming *snākh-i̯o-.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νῆσος
-
58 Ἑλληνίς
Ἑλληνίς, ίδος, ἡ (Pind., Trag., Thu. et al.; ins; PGiss 36, 10; 2 Macc 6:8)① Greek in language and culture, Greek as adj. (opp. βάρβαρος) πόλις (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 136, 10 Jac.; Ael. Aristid. 24, 29 K.=44 p. 833 D.; Jos., Ant. 17, 320; 18, 377 al.; Just., A I, 33, 7 τῇ Ἑ. διαλέκτῳ; Tat. 37, 1 εἰς Ἑ. … φώνην; contrast Just., A I, 31, 4 Ἑλλάδα φ.) with Greek heritage Dg 5:4.—γυνή Ac 17:12.; the woman mentioned Mk 7:26 may be in this same category, but s. 2.② a Greek-oriented woman alien to Israel’s life, Greek (polytheist), subst. ἡ Ἑ. Greek (from Israel’s perspective) Mk 7:26, w. focus on the woman’s religious interest, but s. 1.—S. Συροφοινίκισσα and Χαναναῖος. Frisk s.v. Ἑλλάς. DELG s.v. Ἕλληνες. M-M. TW. -
59 αὐχήν
αὐχήν, - ένοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `neck, throat; isthmus' (Il.).Other forms: Aeol. acc. ἄμφενα (Theoc. 30. 28). αὔφην in Jo. Gramm. Comp. 3, 16 is very doubtful, cf. Solmsen, Wortforsch. 118 n. 2. ἄμφην· αὐχήν, τράχηλος H.; also ἀμφήν· αὐλήν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On ἄμφην beside αὐχήν see Pisani, RiLi 1 (1950) 182f. Schwyzer 296 assumed for ἄμφην *ἀγχϜ-ήν, connecting Skt. aṃhú- `narrow' etc. (s. ἄγχω), which with anticipation of the labial would have given αὐχήν. This is an improbable construction, the process unparallelled. One connects Arm. awji-k` (pl.) `neck', but the connection is quite difficult, Clackson 1994, 107ff. - The variants cannot be explained as Greek or IE, so the word will come from the substr. Variation labial\/velar is rare (Fur. 388, φωριαμός \/ χ.; but cf. γέφυρα \/ βέφυρα); also α\/αυ is rare; m\/w occurs mostly before n or intervocalic (Fur. 242 - 247). Therefore I think we must compare the type δάφνη \/ δαυχνα-, which Furnée 229 - 233 explains as showing variation labial\/w. I think that these forms had a labio-velar, gʷ, which either gave φ (in Aeolic) or - υχ- with anticipation of the labial element (Beekes Pre-Greek). Thus we have *ἀφ-ην\/ αὐ-χήν; ἄμφ-ην then has the well-known prenasalisation. Whatever the exact development, it is clear that substr. origin, and only that, can explain the variants. The Armenian form does not prove IE origin, as it can be a loan from an Anatolian language, cf. γέφυρα - kamurǰ (Beekes, Glotta 2003?).Page in Frisk: 1,192Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐχήν
-
60 κάμπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.Page in Frisk: 1,774-775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμπτω
См. также в других словарях:
Center for the Greek language — The Center for the Greek language (Greek: Κέντρου Ελληνικής Γλώσσας) is a cultural and educational organization, which aims at promoting the Greek language and culture. It is based in Thessaloniki, with also an office in Athens. The Center for… … Wikipedia
Greek language — Greek Ελληνικά Ellīniká Pronunciation [eliniˈka] Spoken in Greece, Cyprus … Wikipedia
Greek language question — The Greek language question ( el. γλωσσικό ζήτημα, short: το γλωσσικό) was a dispute discussing the question whether the language of the Greek people (Dimotiki) or an archaic imitation of Ancient Greek (Katharevousa) should be the official… … Wikipedia
Greek language — Indo European language spoken mostly in Greece. Its history can be divided into four phases: Ancient Greek, Koine, Byzantine Greek, and Modern Greek. Ancient Greek is subdivided into Mycenaean Greek (14th–13th centuries BC) and Archaic and… … Universalium
Mycenaean Greek language — language name=Mycenaean Greek nativename=Native Name Unknown region=southern Balkans/Crete extinct=12th century BC familycolor=Indo European fam2=Graeco Armenian fam3=Greek fam4=Ancient Greek iso2=ine iso3=gmy script=Linear B Mycenaean is the… … Wikipedia
Greek language and literature — Although occasional individuals in medieval Western Europe knew some Greek, for the most part that language and the extensive literature written in it (Christian as well as pagan) were inaccessible to Western scholars from late Roman times… … Historical Dictionary of Renaissance
Exploring the Ancient Greek Language and Culture — The Annual European Student Competition Exploring the Ancient Greek Language and Culture is an international competition held in Europe and in Mexico. It takes place yearly, and is to be considered among the most important high school student… … Wikipedia
The Greek Coffin Mystery — Infobox Book | name = The Greek Coffin Mystery image caption = No image available. author = Ellery Queen country = United States language = English series = Ellery Queen mysteries genre = Mystery novel / Whodunnit publisher = Stokes (1st edition … Wikipedia
The Greek Symbol Mystery — Infobox Book | name = Greek Symbol Mystery image caption = author = Carolyn Keene country = United States language = English series = Nancy Drew stories genre = Detective, Mystery novel publisher = Grosset Dunlap release date = 1980 media type =… … Wikipedia
The Greek Tycoon — Infobox Film | name = The Greek Tycoon caption = director = J. Lee Thompson producer = Allen Klein Ely Landau Nico Mastorakis, Laurence Myers writer = Nico Mastorakis, Winn Wells, Morton Fine starring = Anthony Quinn Jacqueline Bisset Charles… … Wikipedia
Cappadocian Greek language — Infobox Language name=Cappadocian region=Greece, originally Cappadocia (Central Turkey) speakers=very few, previously thought to be extinct familycolor=Indo European fam2=Greek fam3=Attic iso2=ine|iso3=cpgCappadocian, also known as Cappadocian… … Wikipedia