Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

he+must+be+about+sixty

  • 21 do

    1. I
    1) I have something (some work, some business, etc.) to do мне надо сделать кое-что и т. д.; it gives me something to do благодаря этому у меня есть [какое-то] занятие; I have nothing to do мне нечего делать; what are you doing? что вы делаете?; what do you do? чем вы занимаетесь?, кем вы работаете?; try what kindness will do попробуй, чего можно добиться добром; look at what a little hard work can do смотри, что может дать небольшое усилие; they are up and doing coll. они уже заняты делами, они уже работают id nothing doing! coll. этот номер не пройдёт!, ни черта!
    2) I don't know what to do я не знаю, что делать /как мне поступить/; what is there to do? что тут поделаешь /можно сделать/?; there is nothing to do ничего не поделаешь
    3) half of that (half a dozen eggs, etc, will do хватит /довольно/ и половины этого и т.д., that hat (this coat, this colour, these boots, etc.) will do эта шляпа и т. д. подойдет; can you make L 5 do? вы обойдетесь пятью фунтами?; will I do? я вам подхожу?, я гожусь? || that will do а) это годится /сойдет/; б) довольно!, хватит!
    4) only in the Continuous he came to see what was doing он пришел посмотреть, что происходит; there is nothing doing дела стоят, ничего не происходит
    5) 0 only in the Perfect I've done я кончил; one more question and I have done еще один вопрос и все
    2. II
    1) do somewhere often in the Continuous there was not much doing there там особенно нечего было делать; there is nothing to do here a) здесь нечего делать; б) здесь скучно
    2) do in some manner you have done wisely (unwisely) вы (не)умно поступили; you could do better ты бы мог сделать получше; I should have done so мне так и следовало поступить; you've helped me by so doing поступив так /сделав это/, вы мне помогли; what is worth doing is worth doing promptly стоящее дело надо делать сразу; you should not do so much не нужно так утруждать себя; he lives longest who does most кто больше работает, тот дольше живет
    3) do in some manner that (it, this piece of string, etc.) will do excellently ( just as well, perfectly well, etc.) a) это и т. д. прекрасно и т. д. подойдет; б) этого и т. д. вполне и т. д. хватит /достаточно/; this will hardly do а) вряд ли этого хватит; б) вряд ли это уместно; do somewhere that won't do here здесь это не пройдет; do for some time she made her old dress do another season она проносила свое старое платье еще сезон || that'll do now а теперь довольно / хватит/; this will never do так совсем нельзя; так просто невозможно, так дело не пойдет
    4) do in some manner do well преуспевать, процветать; all the boys except one have done well все мальчики, кроме одного, добились хороших результатов; he will do better next time в следующий раз у него получится лучше; I hope you will do better in future надеюсь, вам в дальнейшем больше повезет /у вас в дальнейшем дела пойдут лучше/; the firm is doing none too well дела фирмы идут далеко не блестяще; the garden is doing well все в саду цветет; the wheat is doing well пшеница хорошо уродилась; the patients ( the wounded soldiers, mother and child, etc.) are doing well (quite well, fine, admirably, nicely, etc.) больные и т. д. чувствуют себя хорошо и т. д.; is the baby doing well? хорошо ли развивается /растет/ малыш?; they asked how he was doing они справились о его состоянии, они спрашивали, как его здоровье или как у него дела; we are doing pretty well дела у нас идут совсем неплохо; she is doing poorly дела у нее идут неважно
    5) 0 to have done at wine time will he (n)ever have done! неужели он никогда не кончит /не перестанет/]; move quicker or we shall never have done шевелись /пошевеливайся/, а то мы никогда не кончим
    3. III
    1) do smth. are you doing anything? вы заняты?; I'll do nothing of the sort ничего подобного я делать не стану; she did nothing but cry она только плакала; he makes her do anything he wants он заставляет ее делать все, что [он] захочет
    2) do smb. (usually with will) that (this car, this coat, etc.) will do him это и т. д. ему подойдет; it is a small house but it will do us дом маленький, но нас он устроит; will these shoes do you? вам подойдут такие туфли?
    3) do smth. do one's work (a job, one's task, one's duty, etc.) выполнять [свою] работу и т. д.; he has done a good day's work он изрядно поработал сегодня; do repairs производить ремонт; she did six copies of the letter она сняла с письма шесть копий; do one's military service проходить срочную службу в армии
    4) do smth. do the house (one's things, one's books, etc.) приводить в порядок дом и т. д.; do the room убирать в комнате; do the housework делать домашнюю работу, выполнять работу по дому; do the dishes (the windows, the floors, etc.) мыть посуду и т. д., do the beds застилать кровати; do the bookshelves (the mantlepiece, the chairs, the knick-knacks, etc.) смахивать /стирать/ пыль с книжных полок и т. д.; do the flowers расставлять цветы (в вазах), do one's teeth чистить зубы; do one's hair причесываться, делать прическу
    5) do smth. do the dinner (the supper, etc.) сварить /сделать/ обед и т. д.; do the salad (the dessert, the fish, etc.) приготавливать /делать/ салат и т. д.; do one's lessons (one's homework, one's exercises, etc.) готовить /делать/ уроки и т. д.; do sums (problems in algebra, a puzzle, etc.) решать арифметические задачи и т. д.
    6) do smth. do [much] good приносить [большую] пользу; do a good deed сделать доброе дело; do harm /wrong/ причинять вред, делать зло; that won't do any good от этого толку не будет. это ничего не даст; do a good (bad) turn оказать хорошую (плохую) услугу; do a favour сделать одолжение; do one's best /one's utmost, one's damnedest, all one can/ сделать все возможное; do wonders /miracles/ творить чудеса; do mischief натворить дел, набедокурить; do smb.'s will исполнять чью-л. волю
    7) do some distance the car was doing sixty машина делала шестьдесят километров или миль /ехала со скоростью шестьдесят километров или миль/
    8) do smth., smb. do a book (magazine articles, her, an oil portrait, etc.) писать книгу и т. д.; do one's correspondence писать письма; Disney did a movie about the seven dwarfs Дисней сделал фильм о семи гномах
    9) do smth., smb. do Hamlet (Lear, etc.) ставить или играть Гамлета и т. д., do a concerto (Bach, Brahms, etc.) исполнять концерт и т. д., do the host (the interpreter, etc.) выступать в качестве /исполнять обязанности, быть за/ хозяина и т. д.
    10) do smth. do medicine (engineering, history, etc.) изучать медицину и т. д.; do science изучать точные науки
    11) do some places do London (Switzerland, a museum, a picture-gallery, a town, the sights, etc.) осмотреть Лондон и т.д., ознакомиться с достопримечательностями Лондона и т. д.; we did a show мы сходили в театр
    12) 0 have done smth. have you done supper (your lessons, the letter, etc.)? ты кончил ужинать и т. д.?
    13) 0 do smth. do time отбывать тюремное заключение; do ten years (a five-year term, etc.) отсидеть десять лет и т. д.; if they get caught they would have to do five years если они попадутся, их засадят /посадят/ на /им придется отсидеть/ пять лет
    4. IV
    1) do smth. in some manner do smth. well (readily /willingly/, carefully, resolutely, on purpose, etc.) (с)делать что-л. хорошо и т. д.; do one's work thoroughly тщательно выполнить свою работу; do smth. differently делать что-л. не так [, как другие] /иначе/; do smth. at some time what are you doing now? что вы сейчас делаете?, чем вы сейчас заняты?; what shall I do next? a) что мне делать дальше?; б) как мне быть /поступить/ дальше?; I must do some work now теперь мне надо поработать; he does all his work at night он работает по ночам /ночью/; are you doing anything tomorrow? вы завтра [чем-л.] заняты?; do smth. somewhere these are things they do better at home [than abroad] подобные вещи делают лучше у нас [, чем за границей]
    2) do smb. in some manner this room (a flat, in town, that, etc.) will do me quite well эта комната и т. д. меня вполне устроит
    3) do some distance at some time do 30 miles today (this distance in time, etc.) проехать /проделать, покрыть, пройти/ 30 миль и т. д. за сегодняшний день; он such a bad road I could not do more than 30 kilometres an hour no такой плохой дороге я не мог делать больше тридцати километров в час
    4) do smth. in some manner do the beef (the meat, etc.) well (thoroughly, etc.) хорошо прожарить говядину и т. д., do the vegetables a little longer потушите овощи еще немного
    5) do smth. at some time he is doing history now он сейчас изучает историю; I have to do my math tonight мне сегодня надо подготовиться по математике
    6) do smb., smth. in some manner tie does the host admirably он замечательно выполняет роль хозяина; do Hamlet (the part of Othello, etc.) well хорошо играть Гамлета и т. д.: do this concerto brilliantly блестяще исполнить / сыграть/ этот концерт
    7) do some places in some manner do a picture-gallery (a museum, a town, etc.) well (properly, thoroughly, etc.) внимательно и т. д. осмотреть картинную галерею и т. д. ; do some places at some time you can't do Oxford in a day за один день нельзя как следует ознакомиться с Оксфордом /осмотреть Оксфорд/; have you done Moscow yet? вы уже осмотрели достопримечательности Москвы?
    8) do smb. in some manner coll. do smb. well (handsomely, etc.) хорошо принимать / угощать или обслуживать / кого-л.; they do you, well here at this hotel в этом отеле хорошее обслуживание; do smb. at some time I will do you next я обслужу вас следующим, следующая очередь ваша || do smb. (oneself) well / proud / не отказывать кому-л. (себе) ни в чем
    5. V
    do smb., smth. smth. do smb., smth. an injury причинять кому-л., чему-л. вред; it won't do us any harm if we talk the matter over если мы обсудим этот вопрос, хуже [нам] не будет, нам не мешает обсудить этот вопрос; do smb., smth. good приносить кому-л., чему-л. пользу, быть кому-л., чему-л. полезным; drink this, it will do you good выпейте это, вам станет лучше; washing it won't do your blouse any good от стирки ваша блузка лучше не станет; do smb. credit делать кому-л. честь; he is doing you credit вы можете им гордиться; do smb. justice отдать кому л. должное, воздать кому-л. по заслугам; no one ever did him justice никто его не ценил по заслугам; to do him justice we must say... справедливости ради мы должны сказать, что он...; that picture doesn't do her justice в жизни она гораздо лучше [.чем на фото]; do smth. justice по-настоящему оценить что-л.; do smb. an injustice несправедливо относиться к кому-л., обижать кого-л.; do smb. the honour... оказывать кому-л. честь; I hope you will do me the honour of dining with me (of paying me a visit, etc.) надеюсь, вы окажете [мне] честь отобедать со мной и т. д., do smb. a favour / a kindness, a good turn / оказать кому-л. услугу, сделать кому-л. одолжение; do smb. a bad turn оказать кому-л. плохую услугу, сослужить кому-л. дурную службу
    6. VII
    do smth. to do smth. do one's best / one's utmost, one's damnedest / to do smth. сделать все возможное, чтобы добиться чего-л.; do one's best / all one can / to help us (to win the rare, to have it ready in time, etc.) сделать все возможное, чтобы помочь нам и т. д.; it won't do any good to complain жалобы не помогут, от жалоб толку не будет
    7. XI
    1) be done that sort of thing is not done так не поступают / не делают / ; what is to be done? что делать?, как быть?; there is nothing to be dam ничего не поделаешь / не сдёлаешь / ; be done in some manner it is easily (simply, etc.) dent это делается легко и т.д., the work is done well (perfectly, etc.) работа выполнена хорошо и т. д., it is badly done это плохо сделано; it was done deliberately это было сделано намеренно / умышленно; how is this work to be done? как выполняется эта работа?; can such a thing be possibly done? разве можно / возможно ли / это сделать?; it's easier said than done легче сказать, чем сделать; be done at some time everything cannot be done at once все сразу не делается; that must be done again это надо переделать; be done with / about / smb., smth. what is to be done with him (with all this stuff in the attic, about her, etc.)? что с ним и т. д. делать?; nothing can be done with the matter yet с этим вопросом пока ничего нельзя сделать; has anything been done about a speaker for the next meeting? позаботились ли о том, чтобы обеспечить / пригласить / докладчика на следующее заседание?
    2) be done in some manner the landscape (the picture, this still life, etc.) is beautifully done пейзаж и т. д. прекрасно выполнен; be done into some language the book is done into English книга переведена на английский язык
    3) be done in some manner the fish is done brown (to a turn) рыба поджарена до румяной корочки (как раз в меру); be done in some time the roast (the potatoes, the meat, etc.) will be done in an hour (in ten minutes, etc.) мясо и т. д. будет готово / сварится / через час и т. д.
    4) be done all is done все кончено, все сделано; it is done готово, сделано; the day is done день кончился / прошел / ; be done at some time a woman's work is never done женская работа / работа по хозяйству / никогда не кончается; I can't leave before the job is done я не могу уйти, пока работа не будет закончена; be done with smth. are you done with these scissors (with this book, with the dictionary, etc.)? вам больше не нужны ножницы и т. д.?; that's all over and done with с этим все кончено || done! по рук

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > do

  • 22 put

    1. III
    put smth.
    1) where have I put the ticket? куда я засунул /дел/ билет?
    2) put things (it, one's ideas, the case, etc.) излагать что-л. и т.д.; have a neat (brilliant, graceful, logical, clear, etc.) way of putting things [уметь] четко и т.д. излагать что-л.; as he put it как он выразился; as Horace puts it как об этом пишет Гораций, как это сказано у Горация; let me put my side of the case позвольте мне изложить мою точку зрения
    3) put a resolution предлагать резолюцию; put a motion (a proposal, etc.) выдвигать предложение и т.д.
    4) put a question задавать вопрос
    5) put smth. sport. put the shot (the weight, etc.) толкать ядро и т.д.
    2. IV
    1) put smth., smb. somewhere put a suitcase (a bag, a box, etc.) down опустить /положить или поставить на пол или на землю/ чемодан и т.д.; will you please put the reference book (the dictionary, the hat, specimens, etc.) here (over there, somewhere, back, etc.) пожалуйста, положите сюда и т.д. справочник и т.д.; put this chair there поставьте этот стул туда; put that dog down at once and don't touch it any more опусти собаку сейчас же и больше не трогай ее; did you put the swim-suits in? ты положил [в чемодан] /уложил/ купальные костюмы?; put the rubbish out выносить мусор; put out one's tongue высунуть /показать/ язык: put one's head out высунуть голову; put out a boat вывести лодку в море; now, children, you may put your hands down a теперь, дети, можете опустить руки; put smth. in some manner put one's things (books, one's clothes, etc.) together сложить /собрать/ свои вещи и т.д.; put the hands of a clock (the minute hand, the clock, etc.) back (forward) передвинуть /перевести/ стрелки часов и т.д. назад (вперед); put the clock back an hour перевести часы на час назад; that clock is fast, I'd better put it back five minutes эти часы спешат, пожалуй, я переведу их назад на пять минут; one can't put the clock back время нельзя повернуть назад: let's put two heads together давай подумаем вместе
    2) put smth. somewhere put one's interests (problems of health, science, etc.) first ставить собственные интересы и т.д. на первое место; put truth first заботиться прежде всего об истине; ставить истину во главу угла
    3) put smth., smb. in some state put things to rights a) привести все в порядок; б) все исправить; how can we put him at [his] ease? как мы можем его успокоить?
    4) put smth. in some manner put a case (ideas, a proposal, a matter, facts, things, the story, etc.) clearly (plainly, bluntly, forcibly, cleverly, etc.) излагать /выражать, формулировать/ дело /суть, обстоятельства дела/ и т.д. ясно и т.д.; the report puts the facts truthfully все факты, изложенные в донесении, соответствуют действительности; the teacher puts things convincingly учитель убедительно все объясняет или излагает; to put it briefly, his idea is that... коротко говоря, его мысль состоит в том, что...; to put it frankly, I don't саге for him откровенно /честно/ говоря, он мне не нравится; to say that I was frightened is putting it mildly мягко говоря, я испугался; I don't know how to put it я не знаю, как это выразить /как это сказать/; put it so as not to offend him скажите это так, чтобы он не обиделся
    5) put smth. somewhere put your name here, please распишитесь здесь, пожалуйста
    6) || put smb. back задержать кого-л.; the traffic jam put us back a whole hour пробка на дороге задержала нас на целый час
    3. VI
    put smth. to some state put a watch (a clock) right (wrong) поставить часы правильно (неправильно); put a clock (a watch) fast (slow) отрегулировать часы так, чтобы они шли быстрее (медленнее); put things /the matter/ right исправить положение вещей /дел/; his short note put everything right его короткая записка поставила все на свои места; he put everything wrong он все испортил: the teacher put the boy right учитель поправил ребенка /объяснил ребенку, в чем его ошибка/
    4. VII
    put smth., smb. to do smth. put dishes to drain поставить посуду сушиться; put towels to dry повесить полотенца сушиться; put her to wash dishes (the girl to take care of the children, him to mind the furnace, etc.) поручить ей мыть посуду и т.д.; he put me to work peeling potatoes он посадил меня чистить картошку
    5. XI
    1) be put on (in, under, etc.) smth. the books were put on the shelf (on the table, under the tarpaulin, etc.) книги положили на полку и т.д.; the parcels were put in a bag свертки /посылки и т.п./ были уложены в мешок; every little thing must be put in its right place каждую даже самую маленькую вещичку надо класть на [свое] место
    2) be put to (into, in, out of, etc.) smth. be put (in)to jail /gaol/ быть посаженным /заключенным/ в тюрьму; be put into quarantine быть отправленным /помещенным, посаженным/ в /на/ карантин; the refugees were put in the hostel беженцев разместили в общежитии; he was put to bed его уложили спать; the boy was put out of the room for being impudent мальчика вывели из комнаты за дерзкое поведение; he was put out of the court его удаляли из зала суда; be put in some manner the new boys were put together in one dormitory новичков поместили вместе в одной спальне; he has more sense than all the rest put together у него больше здравого смысла, чем у всех остальных, вместе взятых; he thought he knew more than all his teachers put together он считал, что знает больше своих учителей, вместе взятых
    3) be put on (to) smth. the notice was put on the front page извещение /объявление/ поместили /напечатали/ на первой странице /полосе/; it's time the child was put to school пора определить ребенка в школу; be put on an army pay-roll быть зачисленным на армейское довольствие
    4) be put into smth. the work that has been put into it количество труда, вложенного в это [дело]
    5) be put to (into, in, etc.) smth. be put to use использовать; the uses to which his invention can (may) be put возможные способы /виды/ применения /использования/ его изобретения; be put into practice найти [практическое] применение; the law was put into force закон был введен в действие; he is put to every kind of work его ставят на всякую работу, его используют на разной работе; she was put in (to) service ее отдали в прислуги; the land was put into /under/ turnips участок был засеян репой
    6) be put into (in, out of, etc.) smth. be is soon put into a passion (into a rage, into despair, etc.) его можно быстро привести в состояние возбуждения и т.д.; the dog was put out of pain a) собаке сняли боль; б) собаку умертвили /усыпили/, чтобы она не мучилась; you will be put in funds in due time [денежные] средства вам предоставят в надлежащее время; be put in some manner all the clocks and watches were put back (forward) an hour on Saturday night в субботу вечером все часы были переведены на час назад (вперед); the wedding was put forward to June 3d свадьбу перенесли на третье июня; the meeting was put back for a week собрание отложили на неделю || be [hard] put to it оказаться в трудном /затруднительном/ положении; surprising what he can do when he's put to it просто удивительно, что только он ни сделает, когда нужно; you will be hard put to it to find a pleasanter place than this (to find a substitute, to get the needed sum, to pay his debts, etc.) [вам будет] трудно найти более приятное место, чем это и т.д.; be hard put to it financially находиться в затруднительном материальном положении; any doubt on this point can be easily put at rest любые сомнения на этот счет можно легко развеять
    7) be put to (on, into, in, out of) smth. I have been put to great inconvenience мне это было крайне неудобно; I have been put to great expense меня это ввело в большей расход; be put to the vote быть поставленным на голосование; the motion was put to the vote это предложение было поставлено на голосование; he's already been put to death его уже казнили; he was put on trial a) его предали суду; б) его взяли [на работу] с испытательным сроком; the company will be put in liquidation фирма будет закрыта; he was again put on the same treatment with the same good result ему провели повторный курс лечения, и результат снова оказался хорошим; be put on sale быть выпущенным в продажу; be put in (to) circulation пустить в обращение; only a few copies of the book were put in (to) circulation всего несколько экземпляров книги поступило в продажу; soon buses will be put into service on these routes вскоре по этим маршрутам будут пущены автобусы; these old freight cars have been put out of operation эти старые товарные вагоны сняты с эксплуатации /с линии/; the gun was put out of action орудие было выведено из строя; I had specimen pages put into type я сдал пробные страницы в набор
    8) be put to smth. the enemy was soon put to flight неприятель был вскоре обращен в бегство; he was put to his trump cards его заставили козырять /пойти с козырей/
    9) be put through smth. the bill was put through Congress last week законопроект был проведен через конгресс /был утвержден конгрессом/ на прошлой неделе
    10) be put at smth. the height of this hill is put at 200 metres считают /говорят/, что высота этого холма равна двумстам метрам; it is roughly put at I 5 это приблизительно равняется пяти фунтам
    11) be put in some manner be clearly (well, badly, etc.) put быть ясно и т.д. выраженным /изложенным/; а good story (an anecdote, a witticism, a jest, a joke, etc.) well put интересный, хорошо преподнесенный рассказ и т.д.; the case was cleverly put обстоятельства дела были умно /толково/ изложены; the compliment was clumsily put комплимент был сделан неуклюже; it was finely (gracefully, logically, etc.) put by this author об этом тонко и т.д. сказано /это тонко и т.д. сформулировано/ у данного автора; be put in a few words быть выраженным /высказанным/ несколькими словами
    12) be put to smb. the question was put to the chairman of the meeting (to the committee, to the management, etc.) вопрос был задан председателю собрания и т.д.
    13) be put on smb., smth. dues were put on cattle на крупный рогатый скот был введен налог; embargo has been put on the ship and cargo на корабль и груз было наложено эмбарго; be put under smth. the paper has been put under ban газета была запрещена
    14) be put (up)on smth. be put upon the stage быть поставленным на сцене; this opera was put on the air эта опера была поставлена на радио; an incident sufficiently interesting to merit being put on record этот случай вполне заслуживает того, чтобы его записать
    6. XVI
    put down (up, into, to, for, etc.) some place put down (up) the river двигаться /плыть/ вниз (вверх) по реке; put for home двигаться /направляться/ домой; the ship (the boat, etc.) put back to the shore (to harbour, to port, etc.) корабль и т.д. вернулся /повернул/ к берегу и т.д.; the ship put to Odessa судно шло в Одессу; the ship put out of Odessa судно отплыло из Одессы; the yacht put into Malta for stores (for repairs, etc.) яхта зашла на Мальту, чтобы пополнить [свои] запасы и т.д.; put to sea выйти в море; put to sea in one's yacht отправиться в морское путешествие на собственной яхте
    7. XVIII
    1) || put oneself in smb.'s place /position/ ставить себя на чье-л. место; put yourself in my place поставь себя на мое место
    2) put oneself over smb. coll. put oneself over an audience быть принятым публикой, добиться успеха /завоевать популярность/ у публики
    8. XXI1
    1) put smth. (up)on (into, in, etc.) smth. put a letter on the table (one's hat on a chair, jewels in a safe, a book down upon the desk, the key in his pocket, a manuscript back in its place, one's clothes into the case, etc.) положить письмо на стол и т.д.; put a bottle on the table (a vase upon the mantlepiece, flowers in water, etc.) поставить бутылку на стол и т.д.; put a thing in its right place положить /поставить/ вещь на место; put a kettle on fire поставить чайник на огонь; put the dress in the cupboard повесить платье в шкаф; put a bandage on smb.'s knee накладывать повязку на колено; put one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку. кому-л. на плечо; put one's arms about smb.'s neck обнять кого-л. за шею, обвить чью-л. шею руками; put one's head on the pillow положить голову на подушку; he put an асе on my king он покрыл моего короля тузом; put smb. on (to) smth. put the baby on the bed положите ребенка на кровать; put a player [back] to his former position вернуть игрока на прежнее место
    2) put smb. in some place put smb. in the chair поставить /назначить/ кого-л. председателем; put smb. in the shade оттеснить кого-л. на второй /на задний/ план; put smb. over (under) smb., smth. they put over him a man six years younger than himself они поставили над ним человека на шесть лет моложе него; put a colonel over a division назначить полковника командиром дивизии; they put me under him меня поставили под его начало; put smb., smth. above (before, etc.) smb., smth. he puts Keats above Byron as a poet как поэта он ставит Китса выше Байрона; he puts honour before riches честь для него важнее богатства; put a critic high among other critics ценить /ставить/ данного критика выше всех других; put smth. (up)on smb., smth. put the blame (obligations, hopes, etc.) (up)on smb. возлагать вину и т.д. на кого-л.; he put the blame on me он свалил все на меня; the obligations he had put on us обязательства, которые он на нас возложил; put one's hopes (up)on their talks (oa his decision, on chance, etc.) возлагать надежды на их переговоры и т.д.; put smth. in smb., smth. put confidence /faith, trust/ in smb. верить /доверять/ кому-л.; he puts his faith in reason он верит в силу разума; put no faith in smb.'s assertions не верить чьим-л. утверждениям; put smth. to smth. he puts her failure to lack of experience (to her ignorance, to their refusal, etc.) он относит ее провал за счет неопытности и т.д.; put their conduct to custom объяснять их поведение обычаем; put their success to her credit поставить их успех ей в заслугу || put a wrong construction on smth. а) неправильно понимать или толковать что-л.; б) истолковывать что-л. в худшую сторону; put smb. in possession of smth. ввести кого-л. во владение чем-л.; put difficulties in smb.'s way ставить /чинить/ препятствия кому-л.; put smb., smth. in (to) smb.'s hands доверить кого-л., что-л. кому-л.; put the child in (to) their hands отдать ребенка в их руки; will you put the matter in (to) my hands? не поручите ли вы мне это дело?; put yourself in (to) my hands доверьтесь мне; put smb. in charge of smth. поручить кому-л. руководство чем-л., возложить на кого-л. ответственность за что-л.; put smb. under smb.'s care /under smb.'s charge/ поручить кого-л. чьим-л. заботам; 1 shall put myself under a doctor's care я обращусь к врачу и буду делать то, что он велит; put smth. at smb.'s service предоставить что-л. в чье-л. распоряжение
    3) put smth. in (to) (up, down, etc.) smth. puta letter in (to) an envelope (some money in one's purse, a coin into her pocket, a stick of chewing-gum into her mouth, jewels into a box, papers in the drawer, garbage down a chute, etc.) положить письмо в конверт и т.д.; put a key in a lock (a candle into a candlestick, etc.) вставить ключ в замок и т.д.; he put his hands in (to) his pockets он засунул руки в карманы; put those things in a handbag положите все эти вещи в сумочку; put a letter in a mailbox (a halfpenny into a slot, etc.) опустить /бросить/ письмо в [почтовый] ящик и т.д.; I put a coin in a slot-machine я опустил монету в автомат; put some water in a jug налить воды в кувшин; put sugar in (to) [one's] tea класть сахар в чай; put milk in (to) one's tea наливать /добавлять/ молока себе в чай; put poison in smth. подмешать яду во что-л.; put smth. up the chimney засунуть что-л. в печную трубу; put eau-de-Cologne upon a handkerchief надушите [носовой] платок одеколоном; put seeds into ground засеять поле; put a spoke in smb.'s wheel ставить кому-л. палки в колеса; put smth. into (through) smb., smth. put d knife into smb. зарезать кого-л.; put a bullet through smb. застрелить кого-л.; put a bullet (a knife, etc.) through a wall вогнать пулю и т.д. в стену; put a bullet through one's head пустить себе пулю в лоб, застрелиться; put one's fist through a pane of glass /through a window/ разбить кулаком окно || put one's pen (pencil) through a word (through a line, through a paragraph, etc.) вычеркнуть /вымарать/ слово и т.д.; put smb. in (to) (on) smth. put smb. in a spare room in a hostel поместить /поселить/ кого-л. в свободной комнате общежития; put smb. in prison /into jail/ отправить /заключить/ кого-л. в тюрьму; put smb. in hospital (into a madhouse, etc.) поместить кого-л. в больницу и т.д.; I will put you on the bus я вас [провожу и] посажу на автобус; put smth., smb. out of smth. put one's head out of the window высунуться из окна; put disorderly people out of a meeting вывести /удалять/ хулиганов с собрания
    4) put smth., smb. in (to) (on) smth. put smb. in /on/ the list включить кого-л. в список; put these books in the catalogue включите эти книги в каталог; put a child in a special school отдать ребенка в специальную школу; put an ad in a paper поместить объявление в газете; put all his pieces for children (all his poems together, etc.) in one volume соберите /включите/ все его пьесы для детей и т.д. в один [отдельный] том; put fresh troops into the field вводить в бой свежие войска; put smth. under smth. put a field under wheat засеять поле пшеницей
    5) put smth. in (to) smth. put [one's] money (capital, etc.) in (to) a bank (in business, into land, into property, In an undertaking, into a company, into real estate, etc.) вкладывать [свои] деньги и т.д. в банк и т.д.; put one's savings into securities превращать /вкладывать/ свои сбережения в ценные бумаги; put much work into this display (many weeks into this work, many hours in this paper, etc.) вложить много труда в эту выставку и т.д.; I put much time into this design я затратил много времени, чтобы создать этот узор; put words into smb.'s mouth вложить слова в чьи-л. уста; put a word or two into smb.'s ear [about smth.] шепнуть кому-л. пару слов [о чем-л.]; put new ideas into smb.'s head внушить кому-л. новые идеи; good actors know how to put emotion into their spoken words хорошие /настоящие/ актеры умеют выразить чувства словами; you must put more nerve into your part вы должны играть эту роль более темпераментно; put smth. on smb., smth. put all one's money (a dollar, etc.) on a horse (on the favourite) ставить все свои деньги на лошадь (на фаворита); put a bet on the game делать ставку в азартной игре; put smth. into smb. put new life into a person вселять новую надежду /жизнь/ в человека; put smth., smb. out of smth. put the idea (a thing, this man, etc.) out of one's head /out of one's mind/ выбросить эту мысль и т.д. из головы; put it out of sight уберите это с глаз долой
    6) put smth. to (on) smth. put a new handle to a knife приделать новую рукоятку /ручку/ к ножу; I am afraid you forgot to put a stamp on your letter боюсь, что вы забыли наклеить марку на свое письмо; will you please put a patch on these trousers положите, пожалуйста, заплату на эти брюки, залатайте, пожалуйста, эти брюки; put the roof on the house покрыть дом крышей; put smth. in some piece put a cross at the bottom (one's signature on top, etc.) поставить крест внизу и т.д.
    7) put smth. oner (ой) smth., smb. put gold (silver, etc.) [leaf] over smth. покрывать что-л. золотом и т.д.; put a ring on a finger (a dress on a mannequin,. two socks on one foot, a coat on her shoulders, a new suit on him, etc.) надеть кольцо на палец и т.д.; put a net over a lion набросить на льва сеть; put a saddle on a horse оседлать лошадь; put smb. into smth. put a child into a sailor suit одеть ребенка в матросский костюмчик /в матроску/
    8) put smth. to (against) smth. put a glass to one's lips /one's lips to one's glass/ (a handkerchief to one's nose, a light to a fire, a match to a cigarette, etc.) поднести стакан к губам и т.д.; put one's hand to one's head приложить руку ко лбу; put one's eye to a telescope (to opera-glasses, to a spyglass, to a keyhole, etc.) посмотреть в телескоп и т.д.; he put a flower against her hair он приложил цветок к ее волосам; put one's lips to smb.'s ear сказать что-л. на ухо/шепнуть что-л./ кому-л. || put smb. in touch with smb., smth. связать кого-л. с кем-л., чем-л.; I'll try to put you in touch with them попробую связать вас с ними
    9) put smth. in (to) smth. put a plan in action проводить в жизнь план; put a plan in execution приводить план в исполнение; put a law in force /into operation/ вводить закон в действие; put a reform into effect провести реформу; put an order into effect выполнять приказ; put a principle into practice осуществлять какой-л. принцип; put one's knowledge to practical use применять свои знания на практике; put the money to a good use хорошо /разумно/ использовать деньги; put smth. in evidence выставлять /предъявлять/ что-л. как свидетельство; put smb. to smth. put smb. to work определять кого-л. на работу; put smb. to business приставить кого-л. к делу; put smb. to a trade отдать /определить/ кого-л. в учение; he put me to work at once он сразу же дал /поручил/ мне работу
    10) put smb. into (in, to, out of, on) some state put smb. into a rage привести кого-л. в ярость; put smb. into a fright напугать/перепугать/ кого-л.; put smb. in fear of his life заставить кого-л. дрожать за свою жизнь; put smb. into a state of anxiety разволновать кого-л., привести кого-л. в волнение; put smb. into a flutter привести кого-л. в нервное состояние, взбудоражить кого-л.; put smb. in doubt вызвать у кого-л. сомнение; put smb. to shame пристыдить кого-л.; put smb. to the blush заставить кого-л. покраснеть; put smb. in a good humour привести кого-л. в хорошее настроение /в хорошее расположение духа/; he always manages to put me in the wrong ему всегда удается показать, что я неправ; put smb. into a state of hypnosis загипнотизировать кого-л.; put smb. to bed уложить кого-л. спать; put smb. to sleep a) навевать сон кому-л.; by singing she put the baby back to sleep ребенок снова заснул под ее песенку; б) усыпить /убить/ кого-л.; we had to put the old dog to sleep нам пришлось усыпить старого пса; the doctor put the patient to bed for six weeks врач уложил больного в постель /прописал больному постельный режим/ на шесть недель; put smb. on diet посадить кого-л. на диету; put the patient on a milk diet прописать /назначить/ больному молочную диету; put smb. out of temper вывести кого-л. из себя; put smb. out of patience вывести кого-л. из терпения; put smb. out of humour испортить кому-л. настроение; put smb. out of suspense успокоить кого-л.; put smb. out of countenance привести кого-л. в замешательство, смутить кого-л.; put the poor man out of misery избавить несчастного [человека] от страданий; put smb. out of employment лишать кого-л. работы; put smb. out of business разорить кого-л.; put smth. in (into, out of) some state put one's room (one's dress, one's affairs, the house, etc.) in order привести свою комнату и т.д. в порядок; put manuscripts in order for publication подготовить рукописи к изданию; I want to put my report into shape я хочу привести в порядок /отредактировать/ свой доклад; put figures into the form of diagrams представить /дать/ цифры в форме диаграмм; put data into tabular form привести данные в табличной форме; put names in alphabetical order расположить фамилии в алфавитном порядке; put the piano in tune настроить рояль; put a country in a state of defence подготовить страну к обороне; put a machine out of order /out of gear/ сломать машину; put a bus out of service снять автобус с линии; put a warship out of action вывести военный корабль из боя || put smb. in mind of smth., smb. напоминать кому-л. что-л., кого-л.; this put me in mind of my youth (of his promise, of her sister, etc.) это напомнило мне мою юность и т.д.; put smth., smb. on its, on one's legs again снова поставить что-л., кого-л. на ноги; he tried to put the firm on its legs again он попробовал вдохнуть в фирму новую жизнь
    11) put smb. to smth. put smb. to inconvenience причинять кому-л. неудобство; I am putting you to a good deal of trouble я доставляю /причиняю/ вам массу хлопот; you have put me to great /heavy/ expense вы ввели меня в большие расходы; put smb. to torture пытать кого-л., подвергать кого-л. пыткам; put smb. to trial возбуждать против кого-л. дело в суде; предать кого-л. суду; put smb. to death казнить кого-л.; put smth. to smth., smb. put an end /a stop/ (a check, etc.) to smth. положить конец чему-л., прекратить что-л.; the news put an end to our hopes это известие лишило нас надежды; put an end to smb. покончить с кем-л., ликвидировать кого-л.; put an end to oneself /to one's life/ покончить жизнь самоубийством; put an end to a practice прекратить практику; put smb. in smth. put smb. in an unpleasant position /in a fix, in a hole/ поставить кого-л. в неприятное или затруднительное положение; put smb., smth. through (on, to, etc.) smth. put them through a course of English обязать их прослушать курс английского языка /пройти подготовку по английскому языку/; put smb. through an ordeal подвергать кого-л. тяжелому испытанию; put smb. through a severe /stiff/ cross-examination устроить кому-л. суровый перекрестный допрос; put smb. through it coll. задать кому-л. жару; put goods on (in) the market /to sale, into circulation/ выпустить товар в продажу; he put the car through some tests он несколько раз проверял /испытывал/ машину; put smb., smth. to the test подвергать кого-л., что-л. испытанию; проверять кого-л., что-л. || put smth. to the vote ставить вопрос на голосование; put a motion (a proposal, a matter, a resolution, a decision, etc.) to the vote ставить предложение и т.д. на голосование; put the painting on exhibition выставить картину для обозрения; put smb. under arrest арестовать кого-л.; put pressure on smth., smb. оказывать давление на что-л., кого-л.; they put it over us coll. они нас провели, они обвели нас вокруг пальца
    12) put smb., smth. to (in, into) smth. put the enemy (an army, the gang, thieves, etc.) to flight обратить неприятеля и т.д. в бегство; put an engine in motion /into operation/ включить мотор; put a piece of mechanism in motion /into operation/ приводить в движение механизм; put new cars into service ввести в эксплуатацию новые машины; put smth. into production (into circulation, etc.) пускать что-л. в производство и т.д.
    13) put smb. on smth. put smb. on his mettle заставить кого-л. проявить себя с лучшей стороны /проявить рвение/; your presence will put him on his best behaviour ваше присутствие заставит его проявить себя с лучшей стороны или вести себя самым лучшим образом; put smb. on his guard заставить кого-л. насторожиться; put smb. through smth. put a horse through his paces заставлять лошадь показать, что она умеет
    14) put smth., smb. (in)to (on, over, across, etc.) smth. put a ship /the rudder/ (in)to port /harbour/ направить корабль в порт; put a fleet to sea направить флот в море; put a satellite into orbit [around the earth] вывести спутник на околоземную орбиту; put a horse's head towards home повернуть /направить/ лошадь домой; put smb. on the right road a) показать кому-л. правильную дорогу; б) направить кого-л. на правильный путь; put smb. on the wrong scent направить кого-л. по ложному следу; put smb. across /over/ the river переправить кого-л. на другой берег [реки]
    15) put smth. at smth. put the distance at 5 miles считать, что расстояние равно пяти милям; they put the circulation at 60 000 они решили установить тираж в шестьдесят тысяч экземпляров; put the rent at a certain sum of money определять размер квартплаты; I put his income at t 6000 a year я думаю, что его годовой доход составляет шесть тысяч фунтов; he puts the time at about 11 он полагает, что сейчас около одиннадцати [часов]; I should put it at i 50 я бы оценил это в пятьдесят фунтов; I would put her age at not more than sixty я бы не дал ей больше шестидесяти лет || put a price on smth. назначать цену на что-л.; put a price on a painting назначить цену на картину; he put too high a price on the book он очень дорого запросил за книгу; put value on smth. ценить что-л.; I put high value on his friendship я очень высоко ценю его дружбу; what value do you put on his advice? как вы относитесь к его советам?
    16) put smth. on (in, etc.) smth. put one's proposals (one's ideas, one's thoughts, one's impressions, etc.) on paper излагать свои предложения и т.д. в письменной форме /в письменном виде, на бумаге/; put smth. in black and white написать что-л. черным по белому; he put his feelings (his ideas, his fancies, etc.) in (to) words он выразил свои чувства и т.д. словами; can you put that in simpler words? не можете ли вы сказать это попроще?; he wanted to go but couldn't put his wish into words он хотел уйти, но не знал, как сказать об этом; put a question in a clearer light сформулировать вопрос точнее /яснее/; let me put it in another way позвольте мне сказать об этом иначе;put smth. to /before/ smb. put it to him nicely скажите ему об этом деликатно /мягко/; you must your case before the commission вы должны свое дело изложить комиссии; when I put it to him he... a) когда я изложил ему это, он...; б) когда я предложил ему это, он...; put smth. in (to) smth. put smth. in (to) some language переводить что-л. на какой-л. язык; put a poem (a work, a novel, a story, a passage, etc.) into French (into German, into English, etc.) перевести стихотворение и т.д. на французский и т.д. язык; how would you put it in French (in Danish, in English, etc.)? как вы это скажете /как это будет/ по-французски и т.д. ?
    17) put smth. before (to) smth., smb. put a matter before a meeting (before a board, before the court, etc.) поставить вопрос на рассмотрение собрания и т.д.; put this case before a tribunal предложить суду рассмотреть этот вопрос; put a proposal before a committee внести предложение в комиссию; put one's grievances before the management изложить администрации свои претензии; I want to put my proposal before you я хочу, чтобы вы выслушали /обсудили, обдумали/ мое предложение; I shall put your suggestion to the board at the next meeting я сообщу о вашем предложении на следующем собрании правления; put smth. in (to) smth. put the questions in (to) writing пришлите или изложите вопросы в письменной форме
    18) put smth. to smb. put a question to smb. задать кому-л. вопрос; put a riddle to smb. загадать кому-л. загадку
    19) put smth. in (to, on, under, etc.) smth. put the amount in the receipt (in the expenditure, etc.) указать количество в квитанции и т.д.; put this sum to my account запишите эту сумму на мой счет; put words into blanks /into blank spaces/ заполните пропуски; put one's name /one's signature/ under a document (to a will, on the dotted line, etc.) подписывать документ и т.д., ставить свою подпись под документом и т.д.; put one's initials to a document diplom. парафировать документ; put one's seal to a document (to a will, etc.) поставить печать под документом и т.д.; put a mark /а tick/ against smb.'s name поставить галочку против чьей-л. фамилии; put macron over a vowel поставить знак долготы над гласной буквой; put markers on packages пометить тюки
    20) put smth. on smth., smb. put a tax (duties, customs, etc.) on these articles облагать такие предметы налогом и т.д.; put a tax on imports (on luxuries, on cigarettes, etc.) облагать ввозимые товары налогом и т.д.; put heavy dues on cattle обкладывать скот высоким налогом || put a veto on /to/ smth. наложить вето на /запретить/ что-л.; put these customs under taboo запретить эти обычаи
    21) put smth. on the stage put a play ("Othello", etc.) on the stage поставить какую-л. пьесу и т.д. на сцене
    22) put smb. to smb. put a cow to a bull /а bull to a cow/ agric. спаривать корову с быком
    9. XXII
    1) put smth. into doing smth. put energy into finishing a task приложить энергию /усилия/ к завершению работы
    2) put smb. to doing smth. put a boy to shoemaking определить /отдать/ мальчика в учение к сапожнику
    3) put smb. to doing smth. I put her to setting the table я заставил ее накрыть на стол
    10. XXVIII2
    put it to smb. that... I put it to you that you were (not) there at the time (that you were after no good, that you have committed it, that you were a boy at the time, that you knew the signature was forged, etc.) law я заявляю, что вы там были (не были) в то время

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > put

  • 23 pregunta

    f.
    question.
    hacer una pregunta to ask a question
    pregunta retórica rhetorical question
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: preguntar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: preguntar.
    * * *
    1 question
    \
    hacer una pregunta a alguien to ask somebody a question
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *

    hacer una pregunta — to ask o put a question

    lo negó, a preguntas de los periodistas — questioned by the press he denied it

    presentar una pregunta — (Pol) to put down a question, table a question

    preguntas frecuentes — FAQs, frequently asked questions

    pregunta indiscreta — indiscreet question, tactless question

    pregunta sugestiva — (Jur) leading question

    * * *
    femenino question

    hacer/contestar una pregunta — to ask/answer a question

    * * *
    = enquiry [inquiry, -USA], inquiry [enquiry, -UK], question, enquire, query.
    Ex. A threshold weight appropriate to the specificity of the searcher's enquiry must be established.
    Ex. Several possible rules governing the reference interview are examined; one calls for inquiry into client's underlying wants, 'the face value rule', another for inquiry into underlying needs, 'the purpose rule'.
    Ex. One argument against including a list of questions is that often analysts will think they are the only questions that might be asked.
    Ex. A policy of maximum courtesy and minimum delay is adopted in attending to all enquires.
    Ex. We might therefore argue that our information retrieval system should enable us to rank documents in response to a query using the weighted vector 'wij'.
    ----
    * acosar a Alguien con preguntas = pepper + Nombre + with questions.
    * acribillar a Alguien a preguntas = pepper + Nombre + with questions.
    * asediar a Alguien con preguntas = pepper + Nombre + with questions.
    * enviar una pregunta a una lista de correo = post + a question.
    * expresar una pregunta = couch + question.
    * FAQs (Preguntas Más Frecuentes) = FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions).
    * formular una pregunta = articulate + question, formulate + question, frame + question.
    * hacer preguntas = ask + questions, interrogate, air + questions, make + enquiry.
    * hacer una pregunta = put + question.
    * intentar responder a una pregunta = pursue + question.
    * modo de hacer preguntas = questioning behaviour.
    * pregunta abierta = open-ended question.
    * pregunta cerrada = multiple choice question, closed-ended question.
    * pregunta con respuesta = answerable question.
    * pregunta delicada = awkward question.
    * pregunta de referencia = reference question.
    * pregunta de respuesta libre = open-ended question.
    * pregunta difícil = poser.
    * pregunta difícil de responder = awkward-to-handle enquiry.
    * pregunta + ocurrir = question + pop into + Posesivo + mind.
    * preguntas = questioning.
    * preguntas de cultura general = quiz [quizzes, -pl.].
    * preguntas de examen = question paper.
    * pregunta sin respuesta = unanswerable question.
    * preguntas para incitar el debate = discussion question.
    * preguntas y respuestas = questions and answers [Q&A].
    * pregunta tipo test = multiple choice question.
    * que ha sido abordado con preguntas = accost.
    * responder a preguntas = entertain + questions.
    * responder a una pregunta = field + question.
    * responder preguntas = take + questions.
    * responder una pregunta = dispatch + question, answer + question.
    * sortear un pregunta = field + question.
    * suscitar una pregunta = raise + question.
    * turno de preguntas = Q&A session [question and answer session].
    * * *
    femenino question

    hacer/contestar una pregunta — to ask/answer a question

    * * *
    = enquiry [inquiry, -USA], inquiry [enquiry, -UK], question, enquire, query.

    Ex: A threshold weight appropriate to the specificity of the searcher's enquiry must be established.

    Ex: Several possible rules governing the reference interview are examined; one calls for inquiry into client's underlying wants, 'the face value rule', another for inquiry into underlying needs, 'the purpose rule'.
    Ex: One argument against including a list of questions is that often analysts will think they are the only questions that might be asked.
    Ex: A policy of maximum courtesy and minimum delay is adopted in attending to all enquires.
    Ex: We might therefore argue that our information retrieval system should enable us to rank documents in response to a query using the weighted vector 'wij'.
    * acosar a Alguien con preguntas = pepper + Nombre + with questions.
    * acribillar a Alguien a preguntas = pepper + Nombre + with questions.
    * asediar a Alguien con preguntas = pepper + Nombre + with questions.
    * enviar una pregunta a una lista de correo = post + a question.
    * expresar una pregunta = couch + question.
    * FAQs (Preguntas Más Frecuentes) = FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions).
    * formular una pregunta = articulate + question, formulate + question, frame + question.
    * hacer preguntas = ask + questions, interrogate, air + questions, make + enquiry.
    * hacer una pregunta = put + question.
    * intentar responder a una pregunta = pursue + question.
    * modo de hacer preguntas = questioning behaviour.
    * pregunta abierta = open-ended question.
    * pregunta cerrada = multiple choice question, closed-ended question.
    * pregunta con respuesta = answerable question.
    * pregunta delicada = awkward question.
    * pregunta de referencia = reference question.
    * pregunta de respuesta libre = open-ended question.
    * pregunta difícil = poser.
    * pregunta difícil de responder = awkward-to-handle enquiry.
    * pregunta + ocurrir = question + pop into + Posesivo + mind.
    * preguntas = questioning.
    * preguntas de cultura general = quiz [quizzes, -pl.].
    * preguntas de examen = question paper.
    * pregunta sin respuesta = unanswerable question.
    * preguntas para incitar el debate = discussion question.
    * preguntas y respuestas = questions and answers [Q&A].
    * pregunta tipo test = multiple choice question.
    * que ha sido abordado con preguntas = accost.
    * responder a preguntas = entertain + questions.
    * responder a una pregunta = field + question.
    * responder preguntas = take + questions.
    * responder una pregunta = dispatch + question, answer + question.
    * sortear un pregunta = field + question.
    * suscitar una pregunta = raise + question.
    * turno de preguntas = Q&A session [question and answer session].

    * * *
    question
    no me hagas preguntas don't ask me any questions
    si no es una pregunta indiscreta ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you, if you don't mind my asking o if it isn't a rude question?
    contesta mi pregunta answer my question
    ¿quién era ese hombre? si se me permite la pregunta who was that man, if you don't mind my asking?
    ¿te gustaría ir conmigo? — ¡qué pregunta! would you like to come with me?— what do you think? o what a question!
    andar or estar or quedarse a la cuarta pregunta ( Esp fam); to be down to one's last nickel ( AmE) o ( BrE) penny ( colloq), to be flat broke ( colloq)
    Compuesto:
    ( Méx) essay question
    * * *

     

    Del verbo preguntar: ( conjugate preguntar)

    pregunta es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    pregunta    
    preguntar
    pregunta sustantivo femenino
    question;
    ◊ hacer/contestar una pregunta to ask/answer a question

    preguntar ( conjugate preguntar) verbo transitivo
    to ask;
    eso no se pregunta you shouldn't ask things like that;
    la maestra me preguntó la lección the teacher tested me on the lesson
    verbo intransitivo
    to ask;
    le preguntó sobre or acerca de lo ocurrido he asked her (about) what had happened;
    pregunta POR algo/algn to ask about sth/sb;
    preguntaban por un tal Mario they were looking for o asking for someone called Mario
    preguntarse verbo pronominal ( refl) to wonder
    pregunta sustantivo femenino question
    preguntar verbo transitivo to ask
    (por una cosa) to ask about sthg: le pregunté por su viaje, I asked him about his trip
    (por una persona) to ask about o for sb: preguntaban por tu hermana, they were asking for your sister
    (por la salud de alguien) to ask after sb: ¿has preguntado por (la salud de) su madre?, have you asked after her mother?

    ' pregunta' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aire
    - alegrar
    - aprieto
    - cada
    - capciosa
    - capcioso
    - cautela
    - chupada
    - chupado
    - cuestión
    - durante
    - eh
    - enunciado
    - formular
    - hermano
    - nerviosa
    - nervioso
    - padre
    - pues
    - puñetera
    - puñetero
    - punto
    - relación
    - responder
    - sobrino
    - boca
    - concreto
    - consulta
    - contestar
    - desprevenido
    - directo
    - dirigir
    - esquivar
    - evadir
    - hacer
    - impertinente
    - plantear
    - preguntar
    - repetir
    - torear
    English:
    answer
    - any
    - ask for
    - avoid
    - awkward
    - come up
    - do
    - dodge
    - duck
    - enquiry
    - fend off
    - incorrectly
    - inquiry
    - loaded
    - name
    - put
    - query
    - question
    - rephrase
    - rhetorical
    - searching
    - throw
    - trick
    - unasked
    - yes-no question
    - can
    - give
    - go
    - good
    - may
    - on
    - poser
    - separate
    - spend
    - stuck
    - tie
    - unsettle
    - well
    - wrong
    * * *
    question;
    hacer una pregunta to ask a question;
    ¿te importa si te hago una pregunta? do you mind if I ask you a question?;
    ¿te gustaría venir a la fiesta? – ¡qué pregunta! would you like to come to the party? – what a question!;
    Fam
    andar a la cuarta o [m5] última pregunta to be broke;
    Fam
    freír a preguntas to bombard with questions
    pregunta capciosa trick question; Fam Hum la pregunta del millón de dólares the sixty-four-thousand dollar question;
    pregunta retórica rhetorical question
    * * *
    f question;
    hacer una pregunta ask a question
    * * *
    1) : question
    2)
    hacer una pregunta : to ask a question
    * * *
    pregunta n question

    Spanish-English dictionary > pregunta

  • 24 something

    something [ˈsʌmθɪŋ]
    • did you say something? tu m'as dit quelque chose ?
    • would you like something to drink? vous voulez boire quelque chose ?
    • it's something else! (inf) ( = incredible) c'est quelque chose !
    • something tells me that... j'ai l'impression que...
    • that's really something! (inf) c'est pas rien ! (inf)
    • he's got something to do with it ( = is involved) il a quelque chose à voir là-dedans ; ( = is responsible) il y est pour quelque chose
    • he left something over £5,000 il a laissé plus de 5 000 livres
    • he won something like $10,000 il a gagné quelque chose comme 10 000 dollars
    * * *
    ['sʌmθɪŋ] 1.
    1) ( unspecified thing) quelque chose

    something new/interesting — quelque chose de nouveau/d'intéressant

    2) (thing of importance, value etc)

    to make something of oneself ou one's life — réussir sa vie

    he is quite ou really something! — c'est vraiment un numéro!

    that house is quite ou really something! — cette maison c'est quelque chose!

    you've got something there! — là, tu n'as pas tort!

    ‘I've found the key’ - ‘well that's something anyway’ — ‘j'ai trouvé la clé’ - ‘c'est déjà ça’

    3) (forgotten, unknown name, amount etc)
    2.
    1) ( a bit) un peu

    something over/under £20 — un peu plus de/en dessous de 20 livres sterling

    2) (colloq)

    he was howling something awful ou shocking — il n'arrêtait pas de hurler

    3.
    something of adverbial phrase (rather, quite)

    she is something of an expert on... — elle est assez experte en...

    English-French dictionary > something

  • 25 Ч-93

    ЧЁРТ ЗНАЕТ (ЧЁРТ-ТЕ) ЧТО coll, disapprov NP
    1. \Ч-93 творится, начинается и т. п. говорить, городить и т. п. \Ч-93 ( usu. subj or obj) something incredible, outrageous that evokes surprise or indignation, exceeds the speaker's expectations, or is hard to believe (is going on, is beginning etc)
    (to say prattle etc) something incredible, outrageous etc
    the devil (God) knows what
    the oddest (damnedest) thing(s) something unimaginable (in refer, to sth. spoken, written etc only) some damned nonsense all sorts of rubbish.
    (Маша:) Вам шестьдесят лет, а вы, как мальчишка, всегда городите чёрт знает что (Чехов 5). (М.:) You are sixty years old, and you are like a little boy, always prattling the devil knows what (5c). (M.:) You are sixty years old, but you're like a little boy, always prattling some damned nonsense (5a).
    «Это, наверное, ужасно глупо, что я вас пригласила, да? Вы думаете обо мне чёрт знает что». - «Точно». - «А какая разница, в конце концов?» (Семёнов 1). "It's stupid of me, I suppose, to invite you round, eh? You must be thinking God knows what about me." "That's right." "But what's the difference, when all's said and done?" (1a).
    Об исчезнувших (жильцах) и о проклятой квартире долго в доме рассказывали всякие легенды... Квартира простояла пустой... только неделю, а затем в неё вселились - покойный Берлиоз с супругой и этот самый Стёпа тоже с супругой. Совершенно естественно, что, как только они попали в окаянную квартиру, и у них началось чёрт знает что (Булгаков 9). Legends of all kinds about the mysterious apartment and its vanishing lodgers circulated in the building for some time....The flat only remained empty for a week before Berlioz and his wife and Stepa and his wife moved into it. Naturally as soon as they took possession of the haunted apartment the oddest things started happening to them too (9b).
    В кабинете учёного началось чёрт знает что: головастики расползались из кабинета по всему институту, в террариях и просто на полу, во всех закоулках завывали зычные хоры, как на болоте (Булгаков 10). The scientist's office became the scene of something unimaginable: the tadpoles crawled off everywhere throughout the Institute. From the terraria, from the floor, from every nook and cranny came loud choruses as from a bog (10a).
    .(Местная газета «Большевистские темпы») печатала чёрт-те чего, а о пропавшем Учреждении - ни гугу (Войнович 2).... (The local newspaper Bolshevik Tempos) was printing all sorts of rubbish, but that the Institution had vanished, not one peep (2a).
    2. (это) \Ч-93 ! Also: ($TO) ЧЁРТ ЗНАЕТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ!
    Interj) used to express aggravation, indignation, perplexity etc with regard to sth.: the devil (only) knows what's going on (what it means etc)! ift the devil knows what! what the devil (the hell)! what in heU (in blazes)!
    Персиков бушевал. «Это чёрт знает что такое, - скулил он, разгуливая по кабинету и потирая руки в перчатках, - это неслыханное издевательство надо мной и над зоологией» (Булгаков 10). Persikov was raging. "The devil only knows what's going on," he whimpered, pacing the office and rubbing his gloved hands. "It's unprecedented mockery of me and of zoology" (10b).
    «Они не верят. Сидят в Париже и думают, что здесь самая обыкновенная, мирная война! Здесь не война, здесь чёрт знает что такое!» (Эренбург 2). "They won't believe me. They sit in Paris and think that this is an ordinary war. It isn't a war, it's the devil knows what" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Ч-93

  • 26 черт знает что

    • ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ < ЧЕРТ-ТЕ> ЧТО coll, disapprov
    [NP]
    =====
    1. черт знает что творится, начинается и т. п.; говорить, городить и т.п. черт знает что [usu. subj or obj]
    ⇒ something incredible, outrageous that evokes surprise or indignation, exceeds the speaker's expectations, or is hard to believe (is going on, is beginning etc); (to say, prattle etc) something incredible, outrageous etc:
    - the devil < God> knows what;
    - [in refer, to sth. spoken, written etc only] some damned nonsense;
    - all sorts of rubbish.
         ♦ [Маша:] Вам шестьдесят лет, а вы, как мальчишка, всегда городите чёрт знает что (Чехов 5). [М.:] You are sixty years old, and you are like a little boy, always prattling the devil knows what (5c). [M.:] You are sixty years old, but you're like a little boy, always prattling some damned nonsense (5a).
         ♦ "Это, наверное, ужасно глупо, что я вас пригласила, да? Вы думаете обо мне чёрт знает что". - " Точно". - "А какая разница, в конце концов?" (Семёнов 1). "It's stupid of me, I suppose, to invite you round, eh? You must be thinking God knows what about me." "That's right." "But what's the difference, when all's said and done?" (1a).
         ♦ ОО исчезнувших [жильцах] и о проклятой квартире долго в доме рассказывали всякие легенды... Квартира простояла пустой... только неделю, а затем в неё вселились - покойный Берлиоз с супругой и этот самый Стёпа тоже с супругой. Совершенно естественно, что, как только они попали в окаянную квартиру, и у них началось чёрт знает что (Булгаков 9). Legends of all kinds about the mysterious apartment and its vanishing lodgers circulated in the building for some time....The flat only remained empty for a week before Berlioz and his wife and Stepa and his wife moved into it. Naturally as soon as they took possession of the haunted apartment the oddest things started happening to them too (9b).
         ♦ В кабинете учёного началось чёрт знает что: головастики расползались из кабинета по всему институту, в террариях и просто на полу, во всех закоулках завывали зычные хоры, как на болоте (Булгаков 10). The scientist's office became the scene of something unimaginable: the tadpoles crawled off everywhere throughout the Institute. From the terraria, from the floor, from every nook and cranny came loud choruses as from a bog (10a).
         ♦...[Местная газета "Большевистские темпы"] печатала чёрт-те чего, а о пропавшем Учреждении - ни гугу (Войнович 2).... [The local newspaper Bolshevik Tempos] was printing all sorts of rubbish, but that the Institution had vanished, not one peep (2a).
    2. (это) - ! Also: (ЭТО) ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ! [Interj]
    ⇒ used to express aggravation, indignation, perplexity etc with regard to sth.:
    - the devil (only) knows whaft going on <what it means etc>!;
    - it's the devil knows what!;
    - what the devil < the hell>!;
    - what in hell < in blazes>!
         ♦ Персиков бушевал. "Это чёрт знает что такое, - скулил он, разгуливая по кабинету и потирая руки в перчатках, - это неслыханное издевательство надо мной и над зоологией" (Булгаков 10). Persikov was raging. "The devil only knows what's going on," he whimpered, pacing the office and rubbing his gloved hands. "It's unprecedented mockery of me and of zoology" (10b).
         ♦ "Они не верят. Сидят в Париже и думают, что здесь самая обыкновенная, мирная война! Здесь не война, здесь чёрт знает что такое!" (Эренбург 2). "They won't believe me. They sit in Paris and think that this is an ordinary war. It isn't a war, it's the devil knows what" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > черт знает что

  • 27 черт знает что такое!

    • ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ < ЧЕРТ-ТЕ> ЧТО coll, disapprov
    [NP]
    =====
    1. черт знает что такое! творится, начинается и т. п.; говорить, городить и т.п. черт знает что такое! [usu. subj or obj]
    ⇒ something incredible, outrageous that evokes surprise or indignation, exceeds the speaker's expectations, or is hard to believe (is going on, is beginning etc); (to say, prattle etc) something incredible, outrageous etc:
    - the devil < God> knows what;
    - [in refer, to sth. spoken, written etc only] some damned nonsense;
    - all sorts of rubbish.
         ♦ [Маша:] Вам шестьдесят лет, а вы, как мальчишка, всегда городите чёрт знает что (Чехов 5). [М.:] You are sixty years old, and you are like a little boy, always prattling the devil knows what (5c). [M.:] You are sixty years old, but you're like a little boy, always prattling some damned nonsense (5a).
         ♦ "Это, наверное, ужасно глупо, что я вас пригласила, да? Вы думаете обо мне чёрт знает что". - " Точно". - "А какая разница, в конце концов?" (Семёнов 1). "It's stupid of me, I suppose, to invite you round, eh? You must be thinking God knows what about me." "That's right." "But what's the difference, when all's said and done?" (1a).
         ♦ ОО исчезнувших [жильцах] и о проклятой квартире долго в доме рассказывали всякие легенды... Квартира простояла пустой... только неделю, а затем в неё вселились - покойный Берлиоз с супругой и этот самый Стёпа тоже с супругой. Совершенно естественно, что, как только они попали в окаянную квартиру, и у них началось чёрт знает что (Булгаков 9). Legends of all kinds about the mysterious apartment and its vanishing lodgers circulated in the building for some time....The flat only remained empty for a week before Berlioz and his wife and Stepa and his wife moved into it. Naturally as soon as they took possession of the haunted apartment the oddest things started happening to them too (9b).
         ♦ В кабинете учёного началось чёрт знает что: головастики расползались из кабинета по всему институту, в террариях и просто на полу, во всех закоулках завывали зычные хоры, как на болоте (Булгаков 10). The scientist's office became the scene of something unimaginable: the tadpoles crawled off everywhere throughout the Institute. From the terraria, from the floor, from every nook and cranny came loud choruses as from a bog (10a).
         ♦...[Местная газета "Большевистские темпы"] печатала чёрт-те чего, а о пропавшем Учреждении - ни гугу (Войнович 2).... [The local newspaper Bolshevik Tempos] was printing all sorts of rubbish, but that the Institution had vanished, not one peep (2a).
    2. (это) - ! Also: (ЭТО) ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ! [Interj]
    ⇒ used to express aggravation, indignation, perplexity etc with regard to sth.:
    - the devil (only) knows whaft going on <what it means etc>!;
    - it's the devil knows what!;
    - what the devil < the hell>!;
    - what in hell < in blazes>!
         ♦ Персиков бушевал. "Это чёрт знает что такое, - скулил он, разгуливая по кабинету и потирая руки в перчатках, - это неслыханное издевательство надо мной и над зоологией" (Булгаков 10). Persikov was raging. "The devil only knows what's going on," he whimpered, pacing the office and rubbing his gloved hands. "It's unprecedented mockery of me and of zoology" (10b).
         ♦ "Они не верят. Сидят в Париже и думают, что здесь самая обыкновенная, мирная война! Здесь не война, здесь чёрт знает что такое!" (Эренбург 2). "They won't believe me. They sit in Paris and think that this is an ordinary war. It isn't a war, it's the devil knows what" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > черт знает что такое!

  • 28 черт-те что

    • ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ < ЧЕРТ-ТЕ> ЧТО coll, disapprov
    [NP]
    =====
    1. черт-те что творится, начинается и т. п.; говорить, городить и т.п. черт-те что [usu. subj or obj]
    ⇒ something incredible, outrageous that evokes surprise or indignation, exceeds the speaker's expectations, or is hard to believe (is going on, is beginning etc); (to say, prattle etc) something incredible, outrageous etc:
    - the devil < God> knows what;
    - [in refer, to sth. spoken, written etc only] some damned nonsense;
    - all sorts of rubbish.
         ♦ [Маша:] Вам шестьдесят лет, а вы, как мальчишка, всегда городите чёрт знает что (Чехов 5). [М.:] You are sixty years old, and you are like a little boy, always prattling the devil knows what (5c). [M.:] You are sixty years old, but you're like a little boy, always prattling some damned nonsense (5a).
         ♦ "Это, наверное, ужасно глупо, что я вас пригласила, да? Вы думаете обо мне чёрт знает что". - " Точно". - "А какая разница, в конце концов?" (Семёнов 1). "It's stupid of me, I suppose, to invite you round, eh? You must be thinking God knows what about me." "That's right." "But what's the difference, when all's said and done?" (1a).
         ♦ ОО исчезнувших [жильцах] и о проклятой квартире долго в доме рассказывали всякие легенды... Квартира простояла пустой... только неделю, а затем в неё вселились - покойный Берлиоз с супругой и этот самый Стёпа тоже с супругой. Совершенно естественно, что, как только они попали в окаянную квартиру, и у них началось чёрт знает что (Булгаков 9). Legends of all kinds about the mysterious apartment and its vanishing lodgers circulated in the building for some time....The flat only remained empty for a week before Berlioz and his wife and Stepa and his wife moved into it. Naturally as soon as they took possession of the haunted apartment the oddest things started happening to them too (9b).
         ♦ В кабинете учёного началось чёрт знает что: головастики расползались из кабинета по всему институту, в террариях и просто на полу, во всех закоулках завывали зычные хоры, как на болоте (Булгаков 10). The scientist's office became the scene of something unimaginable: the tadpoles crawled off everywhere throughout the Institute. From the terraria, from the floor, from every nook and cranny came loud choruses as from a bog (10a).
         ♦...[Местная газета "Большевистские темпы"] печатала чёрт-те чего, а о пропавшем Учреждении - ни гугу (Войнович 2).... [The local newspaper Bolshevik Tempos] was printing all sorts of rubbish, but that the Institution had vanished, not one peep (2a).
    2. (это) - ! Also: (ЭТО) ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ! [Interj]
    ⇒ used to express aggravation, indignation, perplexity etc with regard to sth.:
    - the devil (only) knows whaft going on <what it means etc>!;
    - it's the devil knows what!;
    - what the devil < the hell>!;
    - what in hell < in blazes>!
         ♦ Персиков бушевал. "Это чёрт знает что такое, - скулил он, разгуливая по кабинету и потирая руки в перчатках, - это неслыханное издевательство надо мной и над зоологией" (Булгаков 10). Persikov was raging. "The devil only knows what's going on," he whimpered, pacing the office and rubbing his gloved hands. "It's unprecedented mockery of me and of zoology" (10b).
         ♦ "Они не верят. Сидят в Париже и думают, что здесь самая обыкновенная, мирная война! Здесь не война, здесь чёрт знает что такое!" (Эренбург 2). "They won't believe me. They sit in Paris and think that this is an ordinary war. It isn't a war, it's the devil knows what" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > черт-те что

  • 29 это черт знает что такое!

    • ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ < ЧЕРТ-ТЕ> ЧТО coll, disapprov
    [NP]
    =====
    1. это черт знает что такое! творится, начинается и т. п.; говорить, городить и т.п. это черт знает что такое! [usu. subj or obj]
    ⇒ something incredible, outrageous that evokes surprise or indignation, exceeds the speaker's expectations, or is hard to believe (is going on, is beginning etc); (to say, prattle etc) something incredible, outrageous etc:
    - the devil < God> knows what;
    - [in refer, to sth. spoken, written etc only] some damned nonsense;
    - all sorts of rubbish.
         ♦ [Маша:] Вам шестьдесят лет, а вы, как мальчишка, всегда городите чёрт знает что (Чехов 5). [М.:] You are sixty years old, and you are like a little boy, always prattling the devil knows what (5c). [M.:] You are sixty years old, but you're like a little boy, always prattling some damned nonsense (5a).
         ♦ "Это, наверное, ужасно глупо, что я вас пригласила, да? Вы думаете обо мне чёрт знает что". - " Точно". - "А какая разница, в конце концов?" (Семёнов 1). "It's stupid of me, I suppose, to invite you round, eh? You must be thinking God knows what about me." "That's right." "But what's the difference, when all's said and done?" (1a).
         ♦ ОО исчезнувших [жильцах] и о проклятой квартире долго в доме рассказывали всякие легенды... Квартира простояла пустой... только неделю, а затем в неё вселились - покойный Берлиоз с супругой и этот самый Стёпа тоже с супругой. Совершенно естественно, что, как только они попали в окаянную квартиру, и у них началось чёрт знает что (Булгаков 9). Legends of all kinds about the mysterious apartment and its vanishing lodgers circulated in the building for some time....The flat only remained empty for a week before Berlioz and his wife and Stepa and his wife moved into it. Naturally as soon as they took possession of the haunted apartment the oddest things started happening to them too (9b).
         ♦ В кабинете учёного началось чёрт знает что: головастики расползались из кабинета по всему институту, в террариях и просто на полу, во всех закоулках завывали зычные хоры, как на болоте (Булгаков 10). The scientist's office became the scene of something unimaginable: the tadpoles crawled off everywhere throughout the Institute. From the terraria, from the floor, from every nook and cranny came loud choruses as from a bog (10a).
         ♦...[Местная газета "Большевистские темпы"] печатала чёрт-те чего, а о пропавшем Учреждении - ни гугу (Войнович 2).... [The local newspaper Bolshevik Tempos] was printing all sorts of rubbish, but that the Institution had vanished, not one peep (2a).
    2. (это) - ! Also: (ЭТО) ЧЕРТ ЗНАЕТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ! [Interj]
    ⇒ used to express aggravation, indignation, perplexity etc with regard to sth.:
    - the devil (only) knows whaft going on <what it means etc>!;
    - it's the devil knows what!;
    - what the devil < the hell>!;
    - what in hell < in blazes>!
         ♦ Персиков бушевал. "Это чёрт знает что такое, - скулил он, разгуливая по кабинету и потирая руки в перчатках, - это неслыханное издевательство надо мной и над зоологией" (Булгаков 10). Persikov was raging. "The devil only knows what's going on," he whimpered, pacing the office and rubbing his gloved hands. "It's unprecedented mockery of me and of zoology" (10b).
         ♦ "Они не верят. Сидят в Париже и думают, что здесь самая обыкновенная, мирная война! Здесь не война, здесь чёрт знает что такое!" (Эренбург 2). "They won't believe me. They sit in Paris and think that this is an ordinary war. It isn't a war, it's the devil knows what" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > это черт знает что такое!

  • 30 stark

    I Adj.
    1. allg. strong (auch Ähnlichkeit, Argument, Band, Brille, Eindruck, Gefühl, Geruch, Geschmack, Getränk, Gift, Glaube, Licht, Nerven, Parfüm, Verdacht, Vorurteil, Wille etc.); Gegner, Kandidat, Motor, Organisation, Stellung: auch powerful; (kräftig) Mensch: strong; Sache: auch robust, sturdy; (mächtig) powerful; das starke Geschlecht umg. the stronger sex; starkes Mittel MED. strong ( oder potent) medication; starke Seite fig. strong point, strength, forte; sich stark machen für stand up for; den starken Mann markieren, den starken Maxe spielen umg. try to act tough; Politik der starken Hand heavy-handed policy, strongarm tactics Pl.; starke Truppenverbände strong ( oder large) troop units; eine 200 Mann starke Kompanie a company of 200 men, a 200 strong company; sie waren 200 Mann stark they were 200 men strong; etwas Starkes trinken umg. drink some hard stuff
    2. (beleibt) stout; (dick) Wand etc.: thick; er ist stärker geworden he’s put on weight; für die stärkere Frau oder Figur euph. for the fuller figure; das Buch ist 600 Seiten stark the book is 600 pages long; 5 mm starker Karton cardboard 5 mm thick; das Seil ist 4 cm stark the rope is 4 cm thick
    3. (intensiv) intense; (heftig) violent; Erkältung, Raucher, Regen, Trinker, Verkehr etc.: heavy; Frost, Schmerzen, Anfall etc.: severe; einen starken Haarwuchs haben (dichtes Haar) have thick hair; (schnell wachsend) have a luxuriant growth of hair; starker Beifall loud applause; starke Nachfrage great ( oder heavy) demand; starker Esser big ( oder hearty) eater; starkes Fieber a high temperature; starke Schmerzen severe ( oder intense) pain; die Schmerzen sind stark auch the pain is very bad; starke Schmerzen haben be in severe pain; starke Übertreibung gross exaggeration; ein Film der starken Gefühle a film of intense emotions, an intensely emotional film
    4. umg., iro. (schlimm) bad; das ist ( wirklich) stark! oder das ist ein starkes Stück! that’s pretty rich, that’s a bit thick; da hast du dir aber ein starkes Stück geleistet! you’ve really gone and done it (this time)!
    5. (gut) good; umg. (großartig) great; ein starker Film auch a brilliant film; Roths stärkster Roman Roth’s best ( oder strongest) novel; eine starke Leistung a fine performance; stark in der Abwehr SPORT strong in defen|ce (Am. -se); der stärkste Spieler auf dem Platz the best player on the pitch (Am. field); echt stark Sl. real cool
    6. LING., Verb etc.: strong
    II Adv.
    1. (sehr) strongly; stark befahren (STRAßE etc.) busy; stark behaart very hairy; stark benachteiligt severely handicapped; stark beschäftigt very busy; stark betont strongly stressed; stark betrunken very drunk; stark bevölkert densely populated; eine stark bevölkerte Region auch a high-population region; stark erkältet sein have a bad cold; stark gewürzt highly seasoned; stark übertrieben grossly exaggerated; stark ansteigen rise sharply; sich stark verändern change radically; stark bluten bleed heavily ( oder profusely); stark regnen rain heavily, pour; stark riechen have a strong smell; stark trinken / rauchen be a heavy drinker / smoker; stark wirken have a strong effect; stark wirkend Medikament etc.: powerful; jemanden stark im Verdacht haben have strong suspicions about s.o.; stark auf Mitternacht / die 70 zugehen umg. be fast approaching midnight / 70
    2. (gut) well; sie hat stark gespielt SPORT she played really well ( stärker: brilliantly); umg. MUS. her playing (THEAT. her acting) was great; unheimlich stark aussehen / singen umg. look really great ( oder fantastic) / sing incredibly well
    * * *
    super; powerful; heavy; strong; intense; mighty; great
    * * *
    stạrk [ʃtark]
    1. adj comp - er
    ['ʃtɛrkɐ] superl -ste(r, s) ['ʃtɛrkstə]
    1) (= kräftig, konzentriert) strong (AUCH GRAM); (= mächtig) Stimme, Staat, Partei strong, powerful

    stark bleiben — to be strong; (im Glauben) to hold firm

    See:
    2) (= dick) thick; (euph = korpulent) Dame, Herr large, well-built (euph); Arme, Beine large, strong (euph)
    3) (= beträchtlich, heftig) Schmerzen, Kälte intense; Frost severe, heavy; Regen, Schneefall, Verkehr, Raucher, Trinker, Druck heavy; Sturm violent; Erkältung bad, heavy; Wind, Strömung, Eindruck strong; Appetit, Esser hearty; Beifall hearty, loud; Fieber, Nachfrage high; Trauer, Schmerz deep; Übertreibung, Widerhall, Bedenken considerable, great
    4) (= leistungsfähig) Motor powerful; Sportler able; Mannschaft, Brille, Arznei strong
    5) (= zahlreich) Auflage, Gefolge large; Nachfrage great, big
    6) (inf = hervorragend) Leistung, Werk great (inf)
    2. adv comp - er
    ['ʃtɛrkɐ] superl am -sten
    1) (mit vb) a lot; (mit adj, ptp) very; applaudieren loudly; pressen, drücken, ziehen hard; regnen heavily; rauchen a lot, heavily; beeindrucken greatly; vertreten, dagegen sein strongly; abgenutzt, beschmutzt, beschädigt, entzündet etc badly; bluten profusely; vergrößert, verkleinert greatly

    stark wirkend (Medikament, Alkohol) — potent

    Frauen sind stärker vertreten —

    2) (inf = hervorragend) really well
    * * *
    1) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) hard
    3) (doing something to a great extent: He's a heavy smoker/drinker.) heavy
    4) ((of a wind) strong: The wind is high tonight.) high
    5) (powerful; strong: a potent drink.) potent
    7) (firm, sound, or powerful, and therefore not easily broken, destroyed, attacked, defeated, resisted, or affected by weariness, illness etc: strong furniture; a strong castle; a strong wind; She's a strong swimmer; He has a very strong will/personality; He has never been very strong (= healthy); He is not strong enough to lift that heavy table.) strong
    8) (very noticeable; very intense: a strong colour; a strong smell.) strong
    9) (containing a large amount of the flavouring ingredient: strong tea.) strong
    10) ((of a group, force etc) numbering a particular amount: An army 20,000 strong was advancing towards the town.) strong
    * * *
    <stärker, stärkste>
    [ʃtark]
    I. adj
    1. (kraftvoll) strong
    ein \starker Händedruck a powerful grip
    \starke Muskeln strong muscles, brawn no pl
    2. (mächtig) powerful, strong
    3. (unbeugsam) Charakter, Wille strong
    4. (dick) Ast, Schnur, Wand thick
    ein 500 Seiten \starkes Buch a book of 500 pages
    die Veranstaltung erfreute sich einer \starken Beteiligung a large number of people took part in the event
    \starke Nachfrage great demand
    120 Mann \stark sein to be 120 strong, to number 120
    8. (euph: korpulent) large euph, well-built euph
    stärker werden to put on weight
    \starke Ähnlichkeit strong resemblance
    \starker Raucher/Trinker heavy smoker/drinker
    10. (gehaltvoll, wirksam) Kaffee, Zigaretten strong
    \starke Drogen/ \starker Schnaps strong [or hard] drugs/schnapps
    \starke Medikamente strong [or potent] medicines
    11. (heftig, intensiv) severe, heavy
    \starker Druck high pressure
    ein \starker Erdstoß a heavy seismic shock
    \starker Frost severe [or heavy] frost
    \starke Hitze/Kälte intense [or severe] heat/cold
    \starke Regenfälle/Schneefälle heavy rainfall no pl/snowfall[s]
    \starke Schwüle oppressive sultriness
    \starke Strömung strong [or forceful] current
    \starker Sturm violent storm
    12. (kräftig, laut) loud
    \starker Applaus hearty [or loud] applause
    ein \starker Aufprall/Schlag/Stoß a hard [or heavy] impact/blow/knock
    ein \starkes Rauschen a [loud] roar[ing]
    13. (schlimm) severe
    \starke Entzündung/Vereiterung severe inflammation/suppuration
    eine \starke Erkältung a bad [or heavy] cold
    \starkes Fieber a bad [or high] fever
    eine \starke Grippe/Kolik a bad case of [the fam] flu/colic
    \starke Krämpfe bad [or severe] cramps
    \starker Schmerz severe [or intense] pain
    14. (tief empfunden) Eindruck, Gefühle intense, strong
    \starke Bedenken considerable reservations
    \starke Liebe deep [or profound] love
    15. (leistungsfähig) Glühbirne, Motor powerful; Herz, Nerven strong; Brille strong
    16. (fähig) Gegner strong; Schüler, Sportler a. able
    in etw dat \stark sein to be strong in sth
    meiner Meinung nach war sein letztes Buch sein bisher stärkstes in my opinion his last book was his best up to now
    18. (sl: hervorragend) great fam
    19. (fam: dreist)
    das ist \stark! that's a bit much! fam; s.a. Stück
    20. LING Deklination, Konjugation strong
    II. adv
    1. (heftig) heavily
    gestern hat es \stark gestürmt there was a heavy [or violent] storm yesterday
    \stark regnen/schneien to rain/snow heavily [or a lot
    2. (in höherem Maße) greatly, a lot
    die Ausstellung war \stark besucht there were a lot of visitors to the exhibition
    sich akk an etw dat \stark beteiligen to be heavily involved [or to play a big part] in sth
    \stark betrunken sein to be very drunk
    \stark gekauft werden to sell extremely well [or fam like hot cakes]
    sich akk \stark langweilen to be bored stiff [or BRIT rigid] fam
    \stark übertreiben to greatly [or grossly] exaggerate
    \stark vertreten strongly represented
    3. (schlimm) severely
    \stark beschädigt badly [or considerably] damaged
    \stark bluten to bleed profusely [or heavily]
    \stark erkältet sein to have a bad [or heavy] cold
    4. (kräftig) hard
    du musst stärker drücken you must push harder
    \stark applaudieren to applaud loudly [or heartily
    zu \stark gesalzen too salty
    \stark gewürzt highly spiced
    6. (sl: hervorragend) really well
    * * *
    1.
    ; stärker, stärkst... Adjektiv
    1) strong <man, current, structure, team, drink, verb, pressure, wind, etc.>; potent <drink, medicine, etc.>; powerful <engine, lens, voice, etc.>; (ausgezeichnet) excellent <runner, player, performance>

    sich für jemanden/etwas stark machen — (ugs.) throw one's weight behind somebody/something; s. auch Seite 4); Stück 3)

    2) (dick) thick; stout <rope, string>; (verhüll.): (korpulent) well-built (euphem.)
    3) (zahlenmäßig groß, umfangreich) sizeable, large <army, police>; big < demand>
    4) (heftig, intensiv) heavy <rain, snow, traffic, smoke, heat, cold, drinker, smoker, demand, pressure>; severe <frost, pain>; strong <impression, influence, current, resistance, dislike>; grave <doubt, reservations>; great <exaggeration, interest>; hearty <eater, appetite>; loud < applause>
    5) (Jugendspr.): (großartig) great (coll.); fantastic (coll.)
    2.
    1) (sehr, überaus, intensiv) (mit Adj.) very; heavily <indebted, stressed>; greatly <increased, reduced, enlarged>; strongly <emphasized, characterized>; badly <damaged, worn, affected>; (mit Verb) <rain, snow, drink, smoke, bleed> heavily; <exaggerate, impress> greatly; <enlarge, reduce, increase> considerably; <support, oppose, suspect> strongly; < remind> very much

    stark riechen/duften — have a strong smell/scent

    es ist stark/zu stark gesalzen — it is very/too salty

    er geht stark auf die Sechzig zu — (ugs.) he's pushing sixty (coll.)

    2) (Jugendspr.): (großartig) fantastically (coll.)
    3) (Sprachw.)

    stark flektieren od. flektiert werden — be a strong noun/verb

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. allg strong (auch Ähnlichkeit, Argument, Band, Brille, Eindruck, Gefühl, Geruch, Geschmack, Getränk, Gift, Glaube, Licht, Nerven, Parfüm, Verdacht, Vorurteil, Wille etc); Gegner, Kandidat, Motor, Organisation, Stellung: auch powerful; (kräftig) Mensch: strong; Sache: auch robust, sturdy; (mächtig) powerful;
    das starke Geschlecht umg the stronger sex;
    starkes Mittel MED strong ( oder potent) medication;
    starke Seite fig strong point, strength, forte;
    den starken Mann markieren, den starken Maxe spielen umg try to act tough;
    Politik der starken Hand heavy-handed policy, strongarm tactics pl;
    starke Truppenverbände strong ( oder large) troop units;
    eine 200 Mann starke Kompanie a company of 200 men, a 200 strong company;
    sie waren 200 Mann stark they were 200 men strong;
    etwas Starkes trinken umg drink some hard stuff
    2. (beleibt) stout; (dick) Wand etc: thick;
    er ist stärker geworden he’s put on weight;
    Figur euph for the fuller figure;
    das Buch ist 600 Seiten stark the book is 600 pages long;
    5 mm starker Karton cardboard 5 mm thick;
    das Seil ist 4 cm stark the rope is 4 cm thick
    3. (intensiv) intense; (heftig) violent; Erkältung, Raucher, Regen, Trinker, Verkehr etc: heavy; Frost, Schmerzen, Anfall etc: severe;
    einen starken Haarwuchs haben (dichtes Haar) have thick hair; (schnell wachsend) have a luxuriant growth of hair;
    starker Beifall loud applause;
    starke Nachfrage great ( oder heavy) demand;
    starker Esser big ( oder hearty) eater;
    starkes Fieber a high temperature;
    starke Schmerzen severe ( oder intense) pain;
    die Schmerzen sind stark auch the pain is very bad;
    starke Schmerzen haben be in severe pain;
    starke Übertreibung gross exaggeration;
    ein Film der starken Gefühle a film of intense emotions, an intensely emotional film
    4. umg, iron (schlimm) bad;
    das ist (wirklich) stark! oder
    das ist ein starkes Stück! that’s pretty rich, that’s a bit thick;
    da hast du dir aber ein starkes Stück geleistet! you’ve really gone and done it (this time)!
    5. (gut) good; umg (großartig) great;
    ein starker Film auch a brilliant film;
    Roths stärkster Roman Roth’s best ( oder strongest) novel;
    eine starke Leistung a fine performance;
    stark in der Abwehr SPORT strong in defence (US -se);
    der stärkste Spieler auf dem Platz the best player on the pitch (US field);
    echt stark sl real cool
    6. LING, Verb etc: strong
    B. adv
    1. (sehr) strongly;
    stark befahren (Straße etc) busy;
    stark behaart very hairy;
    stark benachteiligt severely handicapped;
    stark beschäftigt very busy;
    stark betont strongly stressed;
    stark betrunken very drunk;
    stark bevölkert densely populated;
    eine stark bevölkerte Region auch a high-population region;
    stark erkältet sein have a bad cold;
    stark gewürzt highly seasoned;
    stark übertrieben grossly exaggerated;
    stark ansteigen rise sharply;
    sich stark verändern change radically;
    stark bluten bleed heavily ( oder profusely);
    stark regnen rain heavily, pour;
    stark riechen have a strong smell;
    stark trinken/rauchen be a heavy drinker/smoker;
    stark wirken have a strong effect;
    stark wirkend Medikament etc: powerful;
    jemanden stark im Verdacht haben have strong suspicions about sb;
    stark auf Mitternacht/die 70 zugehen umg be fast approaching midnight/70
    2. (gut) well;
    sie hat stark gespielt SPORT she played really well ( stärker: brilliantly); umg MUS her playing (THEAT her acting) was great;
    unheimlich stark aussehen/singen umg look really great ( oder fantastic)/sing incredibly well
    …stark im adj
    nervenstark with strong nerves;
    saugstark with powerful suction
    mitgliederstark with a large number of members
    3. (gut)
    gedächtnisstark with a good memory;
    konzentrationsstark with good powers of concentration;
    kopfballstark good at heading the ball
    * * *
    1.
    ; stärker, stärkst... Adjektiv
    1) strong <man, current, structure, team, drink, verb, pressure, wind, etc.>; potent <drink, medicine, etc.>; powerful <engine, lens, voice, etc.>; (ausgezeichnet) excellent <runner, player, performance>

    sich für jemanden/etwas stark machen — (ugs.) throw one's weight behind somebody/something; s. auch Seite 4); Stück 3)

    2) (dick) thick; stout <rope, string>; (verhüll.): (korpulent) well-built (euphem.)
    3) (zahlenmäßig groß, umfangreich) sizeable, large <army, police>; big < demand>
    4) (heftig, intensiv) heavy <rain, snow, traffic, smoke, heat, cold, drinker, smoker, demand, pressure>; severe <frost, pain>; strong <impression, influence, current, resistance, dislike>; grave <doubt, reservations>; great <exaggeration, interest>; hearty <eater, appetite>; loud < applause>
    5) (Jugendspr.): (großartig) great (coll.); fantastic (coll.)
    2.
    1) (sehr, überaus, intensiv) (mit Adj.) very; heavily <indebted, stressed>; greatly <increased, reduced, enlarged>; strongly <emphasized, characterized>; badly <damaged, worn, affected>; (mit Verb) <rain, snow, drink, smoke, bleed> heavily; <exaggerate, impress> greatly; <enlarge, reduce, increase> considerably; <support, oppose, suspect> strongly; < remind> very much

    stark riechen/duften — have a strong smell/scent

    es ist stark/zu stark gesalzen — it is very/too salty

    er geht stark auf die Sechzig zu — (ugs.) he's pushing sixty (coll.)

    2) (Jugendspr.): (großartig) fantastically (coll.)
    3) (Sprachw.)

    stark flektieren od. flektiert werden — be a strong noun/verb

    * * *
    (Regen) adj.
    heavy (rain) adj. (Umgangssprache) adj.
    awesome (US) adj. adj.
    heavy adj.
    intense adj.
    strong adj. adv.
    deeply adv.
    strongly adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > stark

  • 31 push

    1. transitive verb
    1) schieben; (make fall) stoßen; schubsen (ugs.)

    don't push me like that! — schieb od. drängel [doch] nicht so!

    push a car — (to start the engine) ein Auto anschieben

    push the door to/open — die Tür zu-/aufstoßen

    she pushed the door instead of pulling — sie drückte gegen die Tür, statt zu ziehen

    push something up the hill — etwas den Berg hinaufschieben

    push one's way through/into/on to etc. something — sich (Dat.) einen Weg durch/in/auf usw. etwas (Akk.) bahnen

    2) (fig.): (impel) drängen

    push somebody into doing something — jemanden dahin bringen, dass er etwas tut

    3) (tax)

    push somebody [hard] — jemanden [stark] fordern

    push somebody too hard/too far — jemanden überfordern

    be pushed for something — (coll.): (find it difficult to provide something) mit etwas knapp sein

    be pushed for money or cash — knapp bei Kasse sein (ugs.)

    be pushed to do something — (coll.) Mühe haben, etwas zu tun

    push one's luck — (coll.) übermütig werden

    4) (press for sale of) die Werbetrommel rühren für; pushen (Werbejargon)
    5) (sell illegally, esp. drugs) dealen; pushen (Drogenjargon)
    6) (advance)

    push something a step/stage further — etwas einen Schritt vorantreiben

    push things to extremes — die Dinge od. es zum Äußersten od. auf die Spitze treiben

    7) (coll.)

    be pushing sixty — etc. auf die Sechzig usw. zugehen

    2. intransitive verb
    1) schieben; (in queue) drängeln; (at door) drücken

    ‘Push’ — (on door etc.) "Drücken"

    push past or by somebody — sich an jemandem vorbeidrängeln od. -drücken

    4) (assert oneself for one's advancement) sich in den Vordergrund spielen
    3. noun
    1) Stoß, der; Schubs, der (ugs.)

    give somebody a push — jemandem einen Schubs geben (ugs.); jemandem einen Stoß versetzen

    My car won't start; can you give me a push? — Mein Auto springt nicht an. Kannst du mich anschieben?

    2) (effort) Anstrengungen Pl.; (Mil.): (attack) Vorstoß, der; Offensive, die
    3) (determination) Tatkraft, die; Initiative, die
    4) (crisis)

    when it comes/came to the push, (Amer. coll.) when push comes/came to shove — wenn es ernst wird/als es ernst wurde

    5) (Brit. coll.): (dismissal)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/59208/push_about">push about
    * * *
    [puʃ] 1. verb
    1) (to press against something, in order to (try to) move it further away: He pushed the door open; She pushed him away; He pushed against the door with his shoulder; The queue can't move any faster, so stop pushing!; I had a good view of the race till someone pushed in front of me.) stoßen
    2) (to try to make (someone) do something; to urge on, especially foolishly: She pushed him into applying for the job.) drängen
    3) (to sell (drugs) illegally.) mit Drogen handeln
    2. noun
    1) (a movement of pressure against something; a thrust: She gave him a push.) der Stoß
    2) (energy and determination: He has enough push to do well in his job.) der Schwung
    •
    - push-bike
    - push-chair
    - pushover
    - be pushed for
    - push around
    - push off
    - push on
    - push over
    * * *
    [pʊʃ]
    I. NOUN
    <pl -es>
    1. (shove) Stoß m; (slight push) Schubs m fam
    my car won't start — can you give me a \push? mein Auto springt nicht an, kannst du mal anschieben?
    to give sb/sth a \push jdm/etw einen Stoß versetzen
    he gave the girl on the swing a \push er schubste das Mädchen auf der Schaukel an
    2. (press) Druck m
    at the \push of a button auf Knopfdruck a. fig
    3. ( fig: motivation) Anstoß m
    she needs a little \push to get motivated man muss sie ein bisschen anstoßen, um sie zu motivieren
    4. (concerted effort) Anstrengung[en] f[pl], Kampagne f
    the company plans to make a big \push into Europe das Unternehmen will eine große Kampagne zur Erschließung des europäischen Marktes starten
    to make a \push for sth etw anstreben
    to make a \push to do sth Anstrengungen unternehmen, etw zu tun
    to get [or be given] a \push gepusht werden sl
    the company is giving passion fruit a \push this month die Firma macht diesen Monat Werbung für Passionsfrüchte
    6. (military attack) Vorstoß m
    7.
    ▶ at a \push BRIT im Notfall
    at a \push, I could make 7.30 wenn ich mich sehr beeile, könnte ich es bis 7.30 Uhr schaffen
    ▶ if/when it comes to the \push, if/when \push comes to shove ( fam) wenn es hart auf hart kommt
    ▶ to get [or be given] the \push ( fam: boy-/girlfriend) den Laufpass kriegen fam; (be fired) gefeuert werden fam
    ▶ to give sb the \push ( fam: break up) mit jdm Schluss machen fam; (fire) jdn rausschmeißen fam
    ▪ to \push sb jdn schieben; (in a crowd) [jdn] drängeln; (violently) jdn stoßen [o schubsen]
    ▪ to \push sth etw schieben
    he \pushed his plate away from him er schob seinen Teller weg
    she \pushed her hair out of her eyes sie strich sich die Haare aus den Augen
    he \pushed his way through the herd of cattle er kämpfte sich durch die Viehherde
    he \pushed his bike up the hill er schob sein Fahrrad den Hügel hinauf
    to \push sth to the back of one's mind ( fig) etw verdrängen
    2. (move forcefully)
    ▪ to \push sth etw schieben; (give a push) etw stoßen
    she \pushed the drawer hard sie drückte fest gegen die Schublade
    he \pushed the ball over the bar er stieß den Ball über die Latte
    to \push the door open/shut eine Tür auf-/zuschieben [o SCHWEIZ auf-/zustossen]; (violently) eine Tür auf-/zustoßen
    to \push things to the limit ( fig) etw bis zum Äußersten [o auf die Spitze] treiben
    to \push sth down sb's throat ( fig) jdm etw aufdrängen
    ▪ to \push sb towards sth jdn in eine Richtung drängen
    to \push the nation toward recovery die Nation auf den Weg des wirtschaftlichen Aufschwungs bringen
    to \push sb out of the running ( also fig) jdn aus dem Rennen werfen
    4. (impose)
    ▪ to \push sth [on sb] [jdm] etw aufdrängen [o aufzwingen
    ▪ to \push sb to do sth jdn [dazu] drängen, etw zu tun; (force) jdn zwingen, etw zu tun; (persuade) jdn überreden, etw zu tun
    ▪ to \push sb into doing sth jdn dazu drängen, etw zu tun
    to \push a share STOCKEX jdn drängen, eine Aktie zu kaufen
    ▪ to \push sth auf etw akk drücken
    he \pushed the money into my hand er drückte mir das Geld in die Hand
    to \push a button auf einen Knopf drücken
    to \push the doorbell klingeln, SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR a. läuten
    to \push one's point home seinen Standpunkt verdeutlichen
    7. (be persistent)
    ▪ to \push sb jdn drängen
    when I \pushed him, he admitted that... als ich ihn in die Enge trieb, gab er zu, dass...
    why do you keep \pushing me? I've said no warum nervst du mich ständig? ich habe Nein gesagt fam
    8. (demand a lot)
    ▪ to \push oneself sich dat alles abverlangen
    to not \push oneself sich akk nicht überanstrengen iron
    to \push sb to his/her limit jdn bis zum Äußersten treiben
    sometimes you \push me to the point of violence! manchmal treibst du mich echt zur Weißglut! fam
    ▪ to be [hard] \pushed to do sth esp BRIT [große] Schwierigkeiten haben, etw zu tun
    10. esp BRIT (be short of)
    to be \pushed for money/time wenig Geld/Zeit haben
    I'm rather \pushed for cash ich bin ziemlich knapp bei Kasse
    she looks rather \pushed sie sieht ziemlich gehetzt aus
    11. (sl: promote)
    ▪ to \push sth etw propagieren; ECON etw pushen sl
    ▪ to \push sth mit etw dat dealen, etw pushen sl
    to \push drugs to sb Drogen an jdn verkaufen
    13. (approach)
    to be \pushing 30/40 (age) auf die 30/40 zugehen; (drive at) fast 30/40 fahren
    14. ( fam: overdo)
    to \push sth too far etw übertreiben
    that's \pushing it a bit das ist etwas übertrieben
    15.
    ▶ to \push one's luck den Bogen überspannen fig
    ▶ to \push one's nose into sth ( fig) seine Nase in etw akk stecken
    1. (exert force) dränge[l]n; (press) drücken; (move) schieben
    I'm sorry, I didn't mean to \push in front of you Entschuldigung, ich wollte mich nicht vordrängeln
    “\push” (on a door) „Drücken“
    to \push hard mit Kraft [o feste] drücken fam
    to \push and pull [or shove] hin- und herschieben
    2. (manoeuvre through) sich akk durchdrängen; MIL vorstoßen
    ▪ to \push into sth sich dat Zugang zu etw dat verschaffen
    ▪ to \push past sb sich akk an jdm vorbeidrängen
    ▪ to \push by [sth/sb] sich akk [an jdm/etw] vorbeidrängen
    3. (bear down) pressen
    4. (support)
    ▪ to \push for sb jdn unterstützen; (wish luck) jdm die Daumen drücken
    * * *
    [pʊʃ]
    1. n
    1) Schubs m (inf); (short) Stoß m; (in childbirth) Drücken nt no pl

    to give sb/sth a push — jdn/etw schieben, jdm/einer Sache einen Stoß versetzen

    he needs a little push now and then (fig) — den muss man mal ab und zu in die Rippen stoßen (inf)

    to get the push ( Brit inf ) (employee) — (raus)fliegen (inf) (from aus); (boyfriend) den Laufpass kriegen (inf)

    to give sb the push ( Brit inf, employee ) — jdn rausschmeißen (inf); boyfriend jdm den Laufpass geben (inf)

    2) (= effort) Anstrengung f; (= sales push) Kampagne f, Aktion f; (MIL = offensive) Offensive f

    to make a push — sich ranhalten (inf), Dampf machen (inf); (Mil)

    3) (= drive, aggression) Durchsetzungsvermögen nt

    at a push — notfalls, im Notfall

    if/when it comes to the push — wenn es darauf ankommt

    if/when push comes to shove — wenn der schlimmste Fall eintritt

    2. vt
    1) (= shove, move by pushing) schieben; (quickly, violently) stoßen, schubsen (inf); (= press) button, controls drücken

    to push a door open/shut — eine Tür auf-/zuschieben; (quickly, violently) eine Tür auf-/zustoßen

    he pushed the thought to the back of his mind —

    he pushed the ball over the bar (Sport) — er hat den Ball über die Latte gestoßen

    2) (fig) views, claims, interests durchzusetzen versuchen; candidate die Werbetrommel rühren für; export side intensiv fördern; product propagieren, massiv Werbung machen für, puschen (inf), puschen (inf); drugs schieben, pushen (inf)

    he's pushing his luck trying to do that — er legt es wirklich darauf an, wenn er das versucht

    3) (fig: put pressure on) drängen, drängeln (inf); athlete, pupil, employee antreiben

    to push sb into doing sth — jdn dazu treiben, etw zu tun

    to push sb to do sth — jdn dazu drängen, etw zu tun

    to push sb for payment —

    don't push him so hard to make a decision — drängen or drängeln (inf) Sie ihn nicht zu sehr zu einer Entscheidung

    to be pushed (for time) (inf) — mit der Zeit knapp dran sein, unter Zeitdruck stehen

    push it! ( US inf ) — leg dich ins Zeug! (inf)

    3. vi
    1) (= shove) schieben; (quickly, violently) stoßen; (= press, also in childbirth) drücken; (in a crowd) drängen, drängeln (inf); (= press onward) sich (vorwärts)kämpfen; (fig = be ambitious, assert oneself) kämpfen; (= apply pressure) drängen, drängeln (inf)

    "push" (on door) — "drücken"; (on bell) "klingeln"

    push harder! — fester schieben/stoßen/drücken!

    2)
    * * *
    push [pʊʃ]
    A s
    1. Stoß m, Schubs m:
    at a push bes Br umg
    a) notfalls, wenn es sein muss,
    b) wenn nichts dazwischenkommt;
    a) jemandem einen Stoß geben oder versetzen,
    b) AUTO jemanden anschieben;
    give sb the push Br umg jemanden rausschmeißen (entlassen);
    get the push Br umg rausgeschmissen werden, fliegen (entlassen werden);
    if it comes to the push, US if push comes to shove wenn es hart auf hart geht, wenn es ernst wird;
    when it came to the push, US when push came to shove als es hart auf hart ging, als es ernst wurde
    2. ARCH, GEOL, TECH (horizontaler) Druck, Schub m
    3. Anstrengung f, Bemühung f:
    make a push sich mächtig anstrengen;
    at the first push auf Anhieb
    4. Vorstoß m ( for auf akk) (auch fig):
    5. MIL (Groß)Offensive f:
    make a push eine Offensive starten
    6. (Werbe)Kampagne f
    7. fig Anstoß m, Antrieb m
    8. Druck m, Drang m (der Verhältnisse)
    9. umg Schwung m, Energie f, Tatkraft f
    10. umg Protektion f: get a job by push durch Protektion
    11. umg (Menschen)Menge f
    12. Aus sl
    a) Clique f
    b) Verein m, Bande f
    B v/t
    1. stoßen, schieben, schubsen, drücken:
    push away wegstoßen;
    push open aufstoßen;
    push over umstoßen, umwerfen
    2. drängen:
    push the enemy into the sea den Feind ins Meer treiben;
    push one’s way through sich durchdrängen (durch)
    3. (an)treiben, drängen ( beide:
    to zu;
    to do zu tun):
    push sb for jemanden bedrängen wegen, jemandem zusetzen wegen;
    push sb for payment bei jemandem auf Bezahlung drängen;
    I am pushed for time ich bin in Zeitnot, ich komme ins Gedränge;
    be pushed for money in Geldverlegenheit sein;
    push sth on sb jemandem etwas aufdrängen
    4. auch push ahead ( oder forward, on) eine Angelegenheit energisch betreiben oder verfolgen, vorantreiben:
    push sth too far etwas zu weit treiben;
    push one’s luck umg übermütig werden
    5. auch push through ( oder home) etwas durchsetzen, -drücken, einen Vorteil ausnutzen
    6. Reklame machen für, die Trommel rühren für
    7. umg verkaufen, Drogen pushen:
    8. umg sich einem Alter nähern:
    he is pushing seventy er geht auf die Siebzig zu
    C v/i
    1. schieben, stoßen, schubsen
    2. drücken, drängen:
    push by ( oder past) sb sich an jemandem vorbeidrängen
    3. sich tüchtig ins Zeug legen:
    push for drängen auf (akk)
    4. (rücksichtslos) vorwärtsstreben (nach höherer Stellung etc)
    5. push ahead ( oder forward, on) with → B 6
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) schieben; (make fall) stoßen; schubsen (ugs.)

    don't push me like that! — schieb od. drängel [doch] nicht so!

    push a car — (to start the engine) ein Auto anschieben

    push the door to/open — die Tür zu-/aufstoßen

    she pushed the door instead of pulling — sie drückte gegen die Tür, statt zu ziehen

    push one's way through/into/on to etc. something — sich (Dat.) einen Weg durch/in/auf usw. etwas (Akk.) bahnen

    2) (fig.): (impel) drängen

    push somebody into doing something — jemanden dahin bringen, dass er etwas tut

    push somebody [hard] — jemanden [stark] fordern

    push somebody too hard/too far — jemanden überfordern

    be pushed for something — (coll.): (find it difficult to provide something) mit etwas knapp sein

    be pushed for money or cash — knapp bei Kasse sein (ugs.)

    be pushed to do something — (coll.) Mühe haben, etwas zu tun

    push one's luck — (coll.) übermütig werden

    4) (press for sale of) die Werbetrommel rühren für; pushen (Werbejargon)
    5) (sell illegally, esp. drugs) dealen; pushen (Drogenjargon)

    push something a step/stage further — etwas einen Schritt vorantreiben

    push things to extremes — die Dinge od. es zum Äußersten od. auf die Spitze treiben

    7) (coll.)

    be pushing sixty — etc. auf die Sechzig usw. zugehen

    2. intransitive verb
    1) schieben; (in queue) drängeln; (at door) drücken

    ‘Push’ — (on door etc.) "Drücken"

    push past or by somebody — sich an jemandem vorbeidrängeln od. -drücken

    4) (assert oneself for one's advancement) sich in den Vordergrund spielen
    3. noun
    1) Stoß, der; Schubs, der (ugs.)

    give somebody a push — jemandem einen Schubs geben (ugs.); jemandem einen Stoß versetzen

    My car won't start; can you give me a push? — Mein Auto springt nicht an. Kannst du mich anschieben?

    2) (effort) Anstrengungen Pl.; (Mil.): (attack) Vorstoß, der; Offensive, die
    3) (determination) Tatkraft, die; Initiative, die

    when it comes/came to the push, (Amer. coll.) when push comes/came to shove — wenn es ernst wird/als es ernst wurde

    5) (Brit. coll.): (dismissal)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Anstoß -¨e m. v.
    abstoßen v.
    drängen v.
    drücken v.
    schieben v.
    (§ p.,pp.: schob, geschoben)
    stoßen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: stieß, gestossen)

    English-german dictionary > push

  • 32 fare

    1. v/t do
    vestito, dolce, errore make
    biglietto, benzina buy, get
    fare ( dello) sport play sport
    fare il pieno fill up
    fare un bagno have a bath
    fare il conto al ristorante prepare the bill
    fare il medico/l'insegnante be a doctor/teacher
    non fa niente it doesn't matter
    fare vedere qualcosa a qualcuno show something to someone
    farcela manage
    non ce la faccio più I can't take any more
    2 più 2 fa 4 2 and 2 make(s) 4
    quanto fa? how much is it?
    far fare qualcosa a qualcuno get someone to do something
    2. v/i: questo non fa per me this isn't for me
    faccia pure! go ahead!, carry on!
    qui fa bello/brutto the weather here is nice/awful
    fa freddo/caldo it's cold/warm
    * * *
    fare v.tr.
    1 ( in senso generale, astratto, morale, intellettuale e nel senso di agire) to do*: che cosa fai?, what are you doing?; avere molto da fare, to have a great deal to do (o to be kept hard at work); non avere nulla da fare, to have nothing to do; non fare nulla, to do nothing; che debbo fare ( di lui)?, what shall I do (with him)?; che fare ora?, what is to be done now?; che si doveva fare?, what was to be done? // che diavolo stai facendo?, what are you up to? (o what on earth are you doing?) // dovrai farne a meno, you'll have to do without (it) // detto fatto, no sooner said than done // ecco fatto!, that's done! // non fa altro che dormire, he does nothing but sleep // nulla da fare, (fam.) nothing doing // fare senza, to do without; fare alla meglio, to do carelessly // fare bene, to do properly (o to do well) // fare del proprio meglio, tutto il possibile, to do one's utmost (o one's best) // fare bene, male a qlcu., to do s.o. good, harm: questa medicina ti farà bene, this medicine will do you good; il vino mi fa male, wine doesn't agree with me; fare il giro dei locali notturni, to do the night-clubs // chi fa da sé fa per tre, (prov.) if you want a thing done well do it yourself // non fare agli altri quello che non vorresti fosse fatto a te, (prov.) do as you would be done by
    2 ( prevalentemente nel senso di creare, produrre, fabbricare; realizzare) to make*: farei una camicetta con questa seta, I'd make a blouse out of this silk; fare un abito, una torta, to make a dress, a cake; fare il caffè, il tè, to make coffee, tea; il fornaio fa il pane, the baker makes bread; il vino si fa con l'uva, wine is made from grapes; è il parlamento che fa le leggi, laws are made by Parliament; ti farò una lista dei libri che mi occorrono, I'll make a list of the books I need; non far rumore, don't make a noise; fare i letti, to make the beds // fare amicizia, to make friends: farsi degli amici, dei nemici, to make friends, enemies; farsi un nemico di qlcu., to make an enemy of s.o. // fare un errore, to make a mistake // fare mistero di qlco., to make a mystery of sthg. // fare posto a qlcu., to make room for s.o. // fare il totale, to make up the total // 3 più 3 fa 6, 3 and 3 make 6 (o 3 and 3 are 6); 2 per 2 fa 4, twice 2 is 4
    3 ( essere) ( come professione), to be: fare l'insegnante, il medico, la spia, to be a teacher, a doctor, a spy // fare parte del personale, to be a member of the staff
    4 ( avere, possedere) to have: il villaggio fa duecento abitanti, the village has two hundred inhabitants
    5 ( rifornirsi) to take* on: la nave fece acqua e carbone, the ship took on water and coal // (aut.) fare il pieno, to fill up
    6 ( dire) to say*: 'Quando partite?', fece egli, 'When are you leaving?', he said // non fare motto, to utter not a word
    7 ( eleggere, nominare) to make*, to elect, to appoint: lo fecero re, they made him king (o he was appointed king)
    8 ( reputare) to repute; to think*: non lo facevo così sciocco, I did not think he was so silly
    9 ( scrivere) to write*; ( dipingere) to paint: ha fatto un bel ritratto a mia sorella, he painted a beautiful portrait of my sister
    10 ( indicare, segnare) to make*; to be: che ore fai?, what time do you make it?; che ora fa il tuo orologio?, what time is it by your watch?; questo orologio fa le cinque, it is five o' clock by this watch
    11 (teatr.) ( rappresentare) to perform: questa settimana all'Odeon fanno l''Amleto', 'Hamlet' is being performed at the Odeon (o 'Hamlet' is on at the Odeon) this week
    12 ( far la parte di) to act (as); (teatr.) to play (as); ( fingere) to feign: mi fa da governante, she acts as my housekeeper; quell'attore nell''Otello' farà la parte di Jago, that actor is going to play Iago in 'Othello'; fare l'ignorante, to feign ignorance; fare il morto, (fig.) to feign death
    13 ( praticare) to go* in for; ( giocare) to play: fare della bicicletta, dello sport, dell'automobilismo, della politica, to go in for cycling, sport, motoring, politics; fare del tennis, to play tennis; fare del nuoto, to swim // fare del teatro, del cinema, to be an actor, a cinema-actor // fare un po' di musica, to play some music
    14 ( pulire) to clean: fare una stanza, to clean a room (o fam. to do a room); fare i piatti, to wash up
    15 ( generare) to bear*; to have: quella cagna il mese scorso ha fatto tre cuccioli, that bitch had three puppies last month
    16 ( trasformare) to turn into: puoi farci un grembiule, you can turn it into an apron
    17 ( percorrere) to go*: fare dieci chilometri a piedi, a cavallo, to walk, to ride ten kilometres; fare sessanta chilometri all'ora, to drive at sixty kilometres an hour; fare quattro passi per un sentiero, to go for (o to take) a stroll along a path; abbiamo fatto 3000 km in due giorni, we covered (o did) 3000 km in two days
    18 ( passare, trascorrere) to spend*: dove hai fatto le vacanze?, where did you spend your holidays?; fece dieci anni di prigione, he did ten years in prison
    20 ( con valore causativo seguito da infinito) to have, to get*; ( causare) to cause; to make*; ( lasciare, permettere) to let*: fa' venire l'idraulico, get the plumber to come; devo far aggiustare l'auto, I must have the car repaired; fallo smettere!, make him stop!; fatti (fare) un nuovo abito!, have a new suit made!; il tuo ritardo mi fece perdere il treno, your being late caused me to miss the train; far fare qlco., to have (o to get) sthg. done; fare partire una macchina, to start a machine; fare aspettare qlcu., to keep s.o. waiting; fare sapere a qlcu., to let s.o. know (o to inform s.o.); fare uscire, entrare, to let s.o. out, in; fare vedere qlco. a qlcu., to let s.o. see sthg. (o to show s.o. sthg.) // fare chiamare qlcu., to send for s.o. // fare notare a qlcu., to point out to s.o. // fare osservare qlco. a qlcu., to call s.o.'s attention to sthg. // far pagare, to charge: far pagare troppo, poco, to overcharge, to undercharge // far salire i prezzi, to raise prices.
    ◆ v. intr.
    1 impers. ( di condizioni atmosferiche): che tempo fa?, what is the weather like?; fa brutto tempo, bel tempo, it is bad weather, fine weather; fa caldo, caldissimo, molto freddo, it is warm, hot, very cold
    2 ( essere adatto) to suit: questa casa non fa per me, this house doesn't suit me
    3 ( seguito da consecutive): fare in modo di, to try to (do); fate che non vi veda, don't let him see you; fate in modo di non farvi vedere, take care not to be seen // fare sì che, fare in modo che, to arrange, to make sure, to get, to make*: fece sì che tutti fossero d'accordo con lui, he got everyone to agree with him; hanno fatto in modo che tutti fossero soddisfatti, they made sure everybody was happy; fecero sì che io lo incontrassi, they arranged (o made arrangements) for me to meet him
    4 ( stare per) to be about: fece per entrare quando..., he was about to enter, when...
    5 fare in tempo a, to manage to (do): ce la fece appena a prendere il treno, he just managed (o he was just in time) to catch his train.
    ◘ farsi v.rifl. o intr.pron.
    1 ( diventare) to become*; ( gradualmente) to grow*: si è fatto un bel giovane, he has become a handsome young man; si sono fatti più gentili, they have become more amiable; ti sei fatto molto alto, you have grown (o become) very tall; fare cattolico, to turn Catholic (o to become a Roman Catholic) // fare bello, ( vantarsi) to boast
    2 ( moto) to come*; to get*: su, fatevi in là!, get out of my way, please!; fare avanti, to go forward, (fig.) to thrust oneself forward
    3 ( seguito da infinito) to make* oneself; to get*: fare amare, capire, odiare, to make oneself loved, understood, hated; fatti aiutare da qualcuno, get someone to help you; fare notare, to attract attention, ( di proposito) to make oneself conspicuous
    4 impers. ( di tempo e di condizioni atmosferiche) to get*; to grow*: si fa buio, it is getting dark; si fa tardi, it is growing late
    5 (sl.) ( drogarsi) to shoot* up; to take* drugs.
    fare s.m.
    1 doing, making // dal dire al fare c'è di mezzo il mare, there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip
    2 ( modi, maniere) manner; way; ( comportamento) behaviour: il suo fare modesto, his modest manner; ha un brutto ( modo di) fare, he has an unpleasant manner; ha un fare molto simpatico, he has winning ways (o he has a pleasant manner); non mi piace il suo fare, I don't like his manners
    3 ( inizio) sul fare del giorno, at daybreak (o dawn); sul fare della notte, at nightfall.
    * * *
    1. ['fare]
    vb irreg vt
    1) (fabbricare: gen) to make, (casa) to build, (quadro) to paint, (disegno) to draw, (pasto) to cook, (pane, dolci) to bake, (assegno) to make out

    fare un corso — (tenere) to give a series of lessons, teach a course, (seguire) to do a course

    che cosa ne hai fatto di quei pantaloni? — what have you done with those trousers?

    fare una festa — to have o hold a party

    hai fatto il letto? — have you made the bed?

    hai fatto la stanza? — have you cleaned the room?

    2) (attività: gen) to do, (vacanza, sogno) to have

    cosa fai? — (adesso) what are you doing?, (nella vita) what do you do?, what is your job?

    3) (funzione) to be, Teatro to play, be, act

    fare finta di essere stanco — to pretend to be tired

    fare il morto — (in acqua) to float

    4) (percorrere) to do

    fare i 100 metri — (competere) to go in for o run in the 100 metres

    fa i 100 metri in 10,5 — he does the 100 metres in 10.5

    fare una passeggiata — to go for o take a walk

    fare un viaggio — to go on a trip, make a journey

    5)

    (suscitare: sentimenti) fa niente — it doesn't matter

    fare paura a — to frighten

    6)
    7)

    (ammontare) due più due fa quattro — two plus two make(s) o equal(s) four

    che differenza fa? — what difference does it make?

    fa 50 euro, signora — that'll be 50 euros, madam

    glielo faccio 100 euro — I'll give it to you o I'll let you have it for 100 euros

    che ora fa il tuo orologio? — what time is it by your watch?

    8)

    (+ infinito) le faremo avere la merce — we'll get the goods to you

    l'hanno fatto entrare in macchina — (costringere) they forced him into the car, they made him get into the car, (lasciare) they let him get into the car

    lo farò fare a lei — I'll get her to do it, I'll have her do it

    far piangere qn — to make sb cry

    far riparare la macchina — to have one's car repaired

    far scongelare — to defrost, thaw out

    far soffrire qn — to make sb suffer

    mi son fatto tagliare i capelli — I've had my hair cut

    fare venire qn — to send for sb

    9)

    farsi; farsi la barba — to have a shave

    farsi una gonna — to make o.s. a skirt

    si fa da mangiare da solo — he does his own cooking

    farsi un nome — to make a name for o.s.

    10)

    (fraseologia) farla a qn — to get the better of sb

    me l'hanno fatta! — (imbrogliare) I've been done!, (derubare) I've been robbed!, (lasciare nei guai) I've been lumbered!

    farcela — to succeed, manage

    non ce la faccio più — (a camminare) I can't go on, (a sopportare) I can't take any more

    farla finita con qc — to have done with sth

    non c'è niente da fare — it's no use

    ormai è stato deciso e non c'è niente da fare — it's been decided and there's nothing we can do about it

    ha fatto di sì con la testa — he nodded

    2. vi (aus avere)
    1) (agire) to do

    faccia pure! — go ahead!

    saperci fare con — (situazioni, persone) to know how to deal with

    ci sa fare coi bambini/con le macchine — he's good with children/cars

    2)

    (dire) "davvero?" fece — "really?" he said

    3)

    questo non si fa — it's not done, you (just) can't do that

    si fa così! — you do it like this, this is the way it's done

    non si fa così — (rimprovero) that's no way to behave!

    questa festa non si farà! — this party won't take place!

    4)

    (fraseologia) fa proprio al caso nostro — it's just what we need

    avere a che fare con qn — to have sth to do with sb

    non so che farmene di lui — I don't know what to do with him

    fare da — (funzioni) to act as

    fare da padre a qn — to be like a father to sb

    la cucina fa anche da sala da pranzo — the kitchen also serves as o is also used as a dining room

    fai in modo che non ti vedano — make sure they don't see you

    fare per — (essere adatto) to be suitable for, (essere sul punto di) to be about to

    fece per uscire e poi si fermò — he made as if to go out and then stopped

    non fa per me — it isn't (suitable) for me

    fare a pugni — to come to blows, fig to clash

    fare in tempo a... — to be in time to...

    il grigio fa vecchio — grey makes you o one look older

    3. vb impers
    4. vr (farsi)
    1)

    (rendersi) farsi amico di qn — to make friends with sb

    farsi notare — to get o.s. noticed

    2)

    (spostarsi) farsi avanti — to move forward, fig to come forward

    fatti più in là! — move along a bit!

    3) (gergo: drogarsi) to do drugs
    5. vip (farsi)
    (divenire) to become
    6. sm

    sul far del giorno/della notte — at daybreak/nightfall

    * * *
    I 1. ['fare]
    verbo transitivo
    2) (preparare, fabbricare, creare) to make* [torta, tè, vino, vestito, mobile, pezzi di ricambio, film]
    3) (produrre, provocare) to make* [macchia, buco, rumore]
    5) (redigere, scrivere) to do* [traduzione, tesi]; (emanare) to make* [ legge]
    6) (come professione, mestiere)

    fare il medico, l'insegnante — to be a doctor, a teacher; (come sport, hobby) to do* [aerobica, giardinaggio]

    7) (a scuola) to do*, to study [materia, facoltà, testo, autore]; to do* [ corso]
    8) (trascorrere) to spend* [ vacanze]
    10) (percorrere) to do* [tragitto, chilometri]
    11) (avere) to have* [infarto, orecchioni, otite]
    12) (provocare, causare)

    fare del bene, del male a qcn. — to do sb. good, harm

    Signore, fa' che non gli succeda niente — may God protect him!

    13) (far diventare) to make*

    fare felice qcn. — to make sb. happy

    fare qcn. presidente — to make sb. president

    fare il malato, il coraggioso — to pretend to be ill, brave

    16) (interpretare) [ attore] to play [parte, ruolo]

    fare piangere qcn. — to make sb. cry

    fare perdere qcs. a qcn. — to make sb. lose sth.; (permettere, lasciare)

    fare andare qcn. — to let sb. go; (convincere)

    20) (partorire) [donna, animale] to have* [bambino, cuccioli]
    21) (dire)

    "certo" fece lei — "of course" she said

    poi fa "e i miei soldi?" — colloq. so he goes "what about my money?"

    il gatto fa "miao" — the cat goes "miaow"

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)
    1) (agire, procedere) to do*

    fare per andarsene — to be about to leave; (fare l'atto di)

    4) fare da (fungere da) [ persona] to act as; (servire da) [ cosa] to function o act o serve as

    "come si fa?" - "così" — "how do I do it?" - "like this"

    3.
    verbo impersonale

    fa buio — it's getting o growing dark

    4.
    verbo pronominale farsi
    1) (preparare, fabbricare, creare per sé) to make* oneself [caffè, vestito]
    2) (concedersi) to have* [birra, pizza, chiacchierata]

    -rsi degli amici, dei nemici — to make friends, enemies; colloq. (comprarsi) to get* oneself [macchina, moto]

    4) pop. (possedere sessualmente) to have*, to make* (out with) [ persona]
    5) gerg. (drogarsi) to get* stoned (di on), to do* drugs

    -rsi suora, cristiano — to become a nun, a Christian

    -rsi avanti, indietro — to come forward, to stand back

    8) (formarsi) to form [idea, immagine]

    - rsi tagliare i capelli — to have o get one's hair cut

    10) (sottoporsi a) to have* [lifting, permanente]

    -rsi carezze, dispetti — to caress each other, to play tricks on each other

    13) farsela (intendersela) to jack around AE ( con with); (in una relazione amorosa) to run* around ( con with)
    ••

    avere da fare — to be busy, to have things to do

    (non) fa niente! — it doesn't matter, never mind!

    a me non la si fa! — = I wasn't born yesterday!

    farsela addosso — (urinare) to wet oneself; (defecare) to shit oneself pop.; (dalla paura) to be scared shitless pop., to shit bricks pop., to brick it

    farsela sotto — (dalla paura) to be scared shitless, to shit bricks, to brick it

    che cosa vuoi che ci faccia? che cosa ci posso fare io? what do you want me to do about it? non ci si può fare nulla it can't be helped; non ci posso fare niente se... I can't help it if...; non so che farmene di... — I have no need for

    II ['fare]
    sostantivo maschile
    1) (comportamento) manner, behaviour BE, behavior AE

    sul fare del giorno, della notte — at daybreak, nightfall

    * * *
    fare1
    /'fare/ [8]
     1 (in senso generico e astratto) to do*; non avere niente da fare to have nothing to do; che cosa posso fare per te? what can I do for you? che cosa dobbiamo fare con te! what are we to do with you!
     2 (preparare, fabbricare, creare) to make* [torta, tè, vino, vestito, mobile, pezzi di ricambio, film]; fare del pollo to cook some chicken; che cosa faccio per pranzo? what shall I cook for lunch?
     3 (produrre, provocare) to make* [macchia, buco, rumore]
     4 (dare come risultato) tre più due fa cinque three and two make five; quanto fa 3 per 3? what's 3 times 3? 9 meno 7 fa 2 9 minus 7 leaves 2
     5 (redigere, scrivere) to do* [traduzione, tesi]; (emanare) to make* [ legge]
     6 (come professione, mestiere) che lavoro fai? what's your job? cosa fai (di mestiere)? what do you do (for a living)? fare il medico, l'insegnante to be a doctor, a teacher; (come sport, hobby) to do* [aerobica, giardinaggio]
     7 (a scuola) to do*, to study [materia, facoltà, testo, autore]; to do* [ corso]; fare (la) prima to be in the first year
     8 (trascorrere) to spend* [ vacanze]; fare tre mesi di prigione to do three months in prison; hai fatto buon viaggio? did you have a pleasant journey?
     9 (rifornirsi di) fare benzina to get some petrol; fare legna to gather wood
     10 (percorrere) to do* [tragitto, chilometri]; fare l'autostrada to take the motorway
     11 (avere) to have* [infarto, orecchioni, otite]
     12 (provocare, causare) fare del bene, del male a qcn. to do sb. good, harm; la pastiglia non mi ha fatto niente the tablet didn't do anything; non ti farò niente I won't do anything to you; Signore, fa' che non gli succeda niente may God protect him!
     13 (far diventare) to make*; fare felice qcn. to make sb. happy; fare qcn. presidente to make sb. president
     14 (considerare) ti facevo più intelligente I thought you were cleverer
     15 (fingersi) fare il malato, il coraggioso to pretend to be ill, brave
     16 (interpretare) [ attore] to play [parte, ruolo]
     17 (seguito da infinito) (con valore causativo) fare piangere qcn. to make sb. cry; fare perdere qcs. a qcn. to make sb. lose sth.; (permettere, lasciare) fare andare qcn. to let sb. go; (convincere) gli ho fatto prendere un appuntamento I got him to make an appointment
     18 (riferito all'ora) che ora fai? what time do you make it o have you got? faccio le due I make it two o'clock; che ora fa l'orologio? what time does the clock say?
     19 (costare) quanto fa? how much is it? fa o fanno 5 euro it's 5 euros
     20 (partorire) [donna, animale] to have* [bambino, cuccioli]
     21 (dire) "certo" fece lei "of course" she said; poi fa "e i miei soldi?" colloq. so he goes "what about my money?"; il gatto fa "miao" the cat goes "miaow"
     (aus. avere)
     1 (agire, procedere) to do*; non ho potuto fare altrimenti I couldn't do otherwise; fai come vuoi do as you like; facciamo alle sei let's make it six o'clock
     2 (essere adatto) questo è il posto che fa per me this is the place for me; vivere a Londra non fa per me living in London is not for me
     3 fare per (essere in procinto di) fare per andarsene to be about to leave; (fare l'atto di) fece per baciarlo she made as if to kiss him
     4 fare da (fungere da) [ persona] to act as; (servire da) [ cosa] to function o act o serve as
     5 (essere espresso in una certa forma) come fa la canzone? how does the song go?
     6 (riuscire) come fai a leggere quella robaccia? how can you read that junk? "come si fa?" - "così" "how do I do it?" - "like this"; come faccio a saperlo? how should I know?
     7 farcela ce l'ho fatta! I made it! ce la fai a finirlo? can you manage to finish it? non ce la faccio più! I've had it! I can't take any more!
     1 (riferito a tempo atmosferico o condizioni di luce) fa freddo it's cold; fa buio it's getting o growing dark
     2 (riferito a durata) oggi fanno sei anni che è partito it's six years today since he left
     1 (preparare, fabbricare, creare per sé) to make* oneself [caffè, vestito]; - rsi da mangiare to do one's own cooking
     2 (concedersi) to have* [birra, pizza, chiacchierata]
     3 (procurar si) -rsi degli amici, dei nemici to make friends, enemies; colloq. (comprarsi) to get* oneself [macchina, moto]
     4 pop. (possedere sessualmente) to have*, to make* (out with) [ persona]
     5 gerg. (drogarsi) to get* stoned (di on), to do* drugs
     6 (diventare) -rsi suora, cristiano to become a nun, a Christian; si è fatta bella she's grown up a beauty; il cielo si fece grigio the sky went o turned grey; si fa tardi it's getting late
     7 (per indicare movimento) -rsi avanti, indietro to come forward, to stand back; - rsi in là to budge over o up
     8 (formarsi) to form [idea, immagine]
     9 (seguito da infinito) - rsi sentire to make oneself heard; - rsi tagliare i capelli to have o get one's hair cut; - rsi operare to have surgery
     10 (sottoporsi a) to have* [lifting, permanente]
     11 (procurarsi) - rsi un bernoccolo to get a bump; - rsi un livido su un braccio to bruise one's arm
     12 (reciprocamente) -rsi carezze, dispetti to caress each other, to play tricks on each other
     13 farsela (intendersela) to jack around AE ( con with); (in una relazione amorosa) to run* around ( con with)
    avere a che fare to have to do ( con with); non avere niente a che fare to have nothing to do ( con with); avere da fare to be busy, to have things to do; (non) fa niente! it doesn't matter, never mind! a me non la si fa! = I wasn't born yesterday! farsela addosso (urinare) to wet oneself; (defecare) to shit oneself pop.; (dalla paura) to be scared shitless pop., to shit bricks pop., to brick it; farsela sotto (dalla paura) to be scared shitless, to shit bricks, to brick it; che cosa vuoi che ci faccia? che cosa ci posso fare io? what do you want me to do about it? non ci si può fare nulla it can't be helped; non ci posso fare niente se... I can't help it if...; non so che farmene di... I have no need for...
    \
    See also notes... (fare.pdf)
    ————————
    fare2
    /'fare/
    sostantivo m.
     1 (comportamento) manner, behaviour BE, behavior AE; avere un fare gentile to have a kind manner
     2 (inizio) sul fare del giorno, della notte at daybreak, nightfall.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > fare

  • 33 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 34 subir

    v.
    1 to go/come up (ascender) (calle, escaleras).
    subió las escaleras a toda velocidad she ran up o climbed the stairs as fast as she could
    subir por la escalera to go/come up the stairs
    2 to lift up (poner arriba).
    3 to put up, to increase (increase) (precio, peso).
    La empresa sube los precios The company increases the prices.
    Me subió la calentura My fever increased.
    4 to raise (alzar) (mano, bandera, voz).
    El chico sube la cama The boy raises the bed.
    5 to raise the pitch of (Music).
    6 to go up, to rise (increase) (precio, temperatura).
    El elevador sube The elevator climbs.
    7 to get on (montar) (en avión, barco).
    sube al coche get into the car
    9 to walk up, to climb.
    Ella subió el sendero She walked up the path.
    * * *
    1 (ir hacia arriba - gen) to go up, come up; (- avión) to climb
    2 (en un vehículo - coche) to get in; (autobús, avión, barco, tren) to get on, get onto
    ■ ¡venga, sube! go on, get in!
    3 (montar - bicicleta) to get on; (- caballo) to get on, mount
    4 (a un árbol) to climb up
    5 figurado (elevarse, aumentar) to rise
    6 figurado (categoría, puesto) to be promoted
    7 figurado (cuenta) to come (a, to)
    1 (escaleras, calle) to go up, climb; (montaña) to climb
    2 (mover arriba) to carry up, take up, bring up; (poner arriba) to put upstairs
    3 (cabeza etc) to lift, raise
    4 (pared) to raise
    5 COSTURA to take up
    6 figurado (precio, salario, etc) to raise, put up
    8 figurado (color) to strengthen
    1 (piso, escalera) to go up
    2 (árbol, muro, etc) to climb up (a, -)
    3 (en un vehículo - coche) to get in (a, -); (autobús) to get on (a, -); (avión, barco, tren) to get on (a, -), get onto (a,-)
    ■ ¡súbete, súbete al coche! get in, get into the car!
    4 (en animales, bicicleta) to get on (a, -), mount
    5 (ropa, calcetines) to pull up; (cremallera) to do up, zip up; (mangas) to roll up
    \
    subir a bordo to get on board
    subir al trono figurado to ascend to the throne
    subir como la espuma familiar to spread like wildfire
    * * *
    verb
    1) to increase, rise
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=levantar) [+ pierna, brazo, objeto] to lift, lift up, raise; [+ calcetines, pantalones, persianas] to pull up

    sube los brazos — lift your arms (up), raise your arms

    2) (=poner arriba) [llevando] to take up; [trayendo] to bring up

    ¿me puedes ayudar a subir las maletas? — can you help me to take up the cases?

    ¿puedes subir ese cuadro de abajo? — could you bring that picture up from down there?

    3) (=ascender) [+ calle, cuesta, escalera, montaña] (=ir arriba) to go up; (=venir arriba) to come up
    4) (=aumentar) [+ precio, salario] to put up, raise, increase; [+ artículo en venta] to put up the price of

    van a subir la gasolina — they are going to put up o increase the price of petrol

    5) (=elevar) [+ volumen, televisión, radio] to turn up; [+ voz] to raise

    sube la radio, que no se oye — turn the radio up, I can't hear it

    6) [en escalafón] [+ persona] to promote
    7) (Arquit) to put up, build

    subir una pared — to put up o build a wall

    8) (Mús) to raise the pitch of
    2. VI
    1) (=ir arriba) to go up; (=venir arriba) to come up; [en un monte, en el aire] to climb

    sube, que te voy a enseñar unos discos — come up, I've got some records to show you

    2) (Transportes) [en autobús, avión, tren, bicicleta, moto, caballo] to get on; [en coche, taxi] to get in

    subir a un autobús/avión/tren — to get on(to) a bus/plane/train

    subir a un caballo — to mount a horse, get on(to) a horse

    subir a bordo — to go o get on board

    3) [en el escalafón] to be promoted (a to)
    4) (=aumentar) [precio, valor] to go up, rise; [temperatura] to rise
    tono 2)
    5) (=aumentar de nivel) [río, mercurio] to rise; [marea] to come in
    6) [cantidad]

    subir a — to come to, total

    3.
    See:
    SUBIR Otros verbos de movimiento ► Subir la cuesta/ la escalera {etc}, por regla general, se suele traducir por to come up o por to go up, según la dirección del movimiento (hacia o en sentido contrario al hablante), pero come y go se pueden reemplazar por otros verbos de movimiento si la oración española especifica la forma en que se sube mediante el uso de adverbios o construcciones adverbiales: Tim subió las escaleras a gatas Tim crept up the stairs El mes pasado los precios subieron vertiginosamente Prices shot up last month Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) ascensor/persona ( alejándose) to go up; ( acercándose) to come up

    el camino sube hasta la cima — the path goes up to o leads to the top of the hill

    b)

    subir A algo — a autobús/tren/avión to get on o onto sth; a coche to get in o into sth; a caballo/bicicleta to get on o onto sth, to mount sth (frml)

    subir a bordo — to go o get on board

    c) ( de categoría) to go up; ( en el escalafón) to be promoted

    han subido a primera división — they've been promoted to o they've gone up to the first division

    d) ( en tenis)
    2)
    a) marea to come in; aguas/río to rise
    b) fiebre/tensión to go up, rise; temperatura to rise
    c) leche materna to come in
    3) precio/valor/cotización/salario to rise, go up
    2.
    subir vt
    1) < montaña> to climb; < cuesta> to go up, climb; < escaleras> to go up, climb
    2)
    a) <objeto/niño> ( llevar arriba - acercándose) to bring up; (- alejándose) to take up
    b) <objeto/niño> ( poner más alto)
    c) <persiana/telón> to raise; < pantalones> to pull up

    ¿me subes la cremallera? — will you zip me up?, will you fasten my zipper (AmE) o (BrE) zip?

    d) < dobladillo> to take up; < falda> to take o turn up
    3) (Inf) to upload
    4)
    a) <precios/salarios> to raise, put up

    ¿cuánto te han subido este año? — how much did your salary go up this year?

    b) <volumen/radio> to turn up
    3.
    subirse verbo pronominal
    1)
    a) (a coche, autobús, etc) verbo intransitivo 1 b
    b) ( trepar) to climb

    se subió al árbol/al muro — she climbed up the tree/(up) onto the walls

    estaba subido a un árbol/caballo — he was up a tree/sitting on a horse

    c) (a la cabeza, cara) (+ me/te/le etc)
    2) (refl) <calcetines/pantalones> to pull up
    * * *
    = go up, move up, raise, rise, ascend, mount, walk up, elevate, climb, bring up, zip, move down, hike up, scale, spike, crank up, get + high, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, ratchet up, mark + Nombre + up, amp up, turn up.
    Ex. Since recall goes up as precision goes down, it is clearly not possible to achieve in general a system which gives full recall at the same time as full precision.
    Ex. Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.
    Ex. The speaker said that James estimated people function at only 20% of their capacity, and concluded that they could raise this percentage considerable if they knew how to manage their time more efficiently.
    Ex. If suppliers are forced out of business, there will be less software to lend and prices will rise with the lack of competition.
    Ex. As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.
    Ex. He fully expected the director to acquiesce, for his eyebrows mounted ever so slightly.
    Ex. Some of the questions to ask ourselves are will people walk up or down stairs, across quadrangles, etc just to visit the library?.
    Ex. Some of the things that are said about genuine bookselling do at times seem to elevate this occupation to a level far beyond mere commerce.
    Ex. Stanton felt a bit like someone who, after boasting that she could dive into water from a great height has climbed to the height and dares not jump, but knows that she must jump.
    Ex. Matrix and mould were pivoted and were brought up to the nozzle of a metal pump for the moment of casting, and then swung back to eject the new-made letter.
    Ex. The study investigated the use of a video to teach 3 self-help skills (cleaning sunglasses, putting on a wristwatch, and zipping a jacket) to 3 elementary students with mental disabilities.
    Ex. Of the 32 institutions indicating some change in status from July 1982 to January 1983, 19 moved down in status and 13 moved up.
    Ex. The government has hiked up the rate of income tax being paid by oil multinationals.
    Ex. You'll be scaling walls, jumping between rooftops, swinging on ropes, hanging from pipes, sliding under 4WDs and doing anything you can to avoid those zombies.
    Ex. Baby boomers are desperately trying to hold onto their salad days -- plastic surgery, vitamins and drugs like Viagra have spiked in public demand.
    Ex. Refiners are cranking up diesel output to meet rising global demand.
    Ex. Yes, some people with thin blood or whose pulse and blood pressure get high enough will have a nose bleed when excited.
    Ex. Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.
    Ex. Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.
    Ex. There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.
    Ex. We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.
    Ex. David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.
    Ex. Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.
    Ex. After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.
    Ex. The health department has ratcheted up efforts to prevent or slow down the spread of swine flu in schools.
    Ex. Determine how much it costs to make the item, how much it costs to market that item, and then mark it up by 15-30% or more.
    Ex. In order to gain strength fast, you need to immediately begin amping up your strength thermostat in your mind.
    Ex. Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.
    ----
    * estar que + subirse + por las paredes = tear + Posesivo + hair out.
    * obligar a subir el precio = force up + prices.
    * subir a = board.
    * subir al poder = rise to + power.
    * subir al trono = ascend (to) + the throne.
    * subir a un barco = board + ship.
    * subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * subir de precio = rise in + price.
    * subir el listón = raise + the bar, move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.
    * subir el precio = push + cost + up, raise + price, jack up + the price, rack up + the price.
    * subir el volumen = pump up + the volume.
    * subir en = ride.
    * subir en bici = ride + a bike.
    * subir en bicicleta = ride + a bike.
    * subir exageradamente = rise + steeply.
    * subir la moral = boost + Posesivo + morale, lift + morale, increase + morale, improve + morale, boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.
    * subirle la nota a Alguien = mark + Nombre + up.
    * subir ligeramente = nudge up.
    * subir los impuestos = push + taxes.
    * subir repentinamente = shoot up.
    * subirse al autobús = get on + the bus.
    * subirse al tren = jump on + the bandwagon, ride + the hype, catch + the fever.
    * subírsele a la cabeza = go to + Posesivo + head.
    * subírsele los colores = go + bright red.
    * subírsele los humos a la cabeza = get + too big for + Posesivo + boots, get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.
    * subirse por las paredes = be beside + Reflexivo.
    * subir y/o bajar = move up and/or down.
    * telón + subir = curtain + rise.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) ascensor/persona ( alejándose) to go up; ( acercándose) to come up

    el camino sube hasta la cima — the path goes up to o leads to the top of the hill

    b)

    subir A algo — a autobús/tren/avión to get on o onto sth; a coche to get in o into sth; a caballo/bicicleta to get on o onto sth, to mount sth (frml)

    subir a bordo — to go o get on board

    c) ( de categoría) to go up; ( en el escalafón) to be promoted

    han subido a primera división — they've been promoted to o they've gone up to the first division

    d) ( en tenis)
    2)
    a) marea to come in; aguas/río to rise
    b) fiebre/tensión to go up, rise; temperatura to rise
    c) leche materna to come in
    3) precio/valor/cotización/salario to rise, go up
    2.
    subir vt
    1) < montaña> to climb; < cuesta> to go up, climb; < escaleras> to go up, climb
    2)
    a) <objeto/niño> ( llevar arriba - acercándose) to bring up; (- alejándose) to take up
    b) <objeto/niño> ( poner más alto)
    c) <persiana/telón> to raise; < pantalones> to pull up

    ¿me subes la cremallera? — will you zip me up?, will you fasten my zipper (AmE) o (BrE) zip?

    d) < dobladillo> to take up; < falda> to take o turn up
    3) (Inf) to upload
    4)
    a) <precios/salarios> to raise, put up

    ¿cuánto te han subido este año? — how much did your salary go up this year?

    b) <volumen/radio> to turn up
    3.
    subirse verbo pronominal
    1)
    a) (a coche, autobús, etc) verbo intransitivo 1 b
    b) ( trepar) to climb

    se subió al árbol/al muro — she climbed up the tree/(up) onto the walls

    estaba subido a un árbol/caballo — he was up a tree/sitting on a horse

    c) (a la cabeza, cara) (+ me/te/le etc)
    2) (refl) <calcetines/pantalones> to pull up
    * * *
    = go up, move up, raise, rise, ascend, mount, walk up, elevate, climb, bring up, zip, move down, hike up, scale, spike, crank up, get + high, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, ratchet up, mark + Nombre + up, amp up, turn up.

    Ex: Since recall goes up as precision goes down, it is clearly not possible to achieve in general a system which gives full recall at the same time as full precision.

    Ex: Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.
    Ex: The speaker said that James estimated people function at only 20% of their capacity, and concluded that they could raise this percentage considerable if they knew how to manage their time more efficiently.
    Ex: If suppliers are forced out of business, there will be less software to lend and prices will rise with the lack of competition.
    Ex: As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.
    Ex: He fully expected the director to acquiesce, for his eyebrows mounted ever so slightly.
    Ex: Some of the questions to ask ourselves are will people walk up or down stairs, across quadrangles, etc just to visit the library?.
    Ex: Some of the things that are said about genuine bookselling do at times seem to elevate this occupation to a level far beyond mere commerce.
    Ex: Stanton felt a bit like someone who, after boasting that she could dive into water from a great height has climbed to the height and dares not jump, but knows that she must jump.
    Ex: Matrix and mould were pivoted and were brought up to the nozzle of a metal pump for the moment of casting, and then swung back to eject the new-made letter.
    Ex: The study investigated the use of a video to teach 3 self-help skills (cleaning sunglasses, putting on a wristwatch, and zipping a jacket) to 3 elementary students with mental disabilities.
    Ex: Of the 32 institutions indicating some change in status from July 1982 to January 1983, 19 moved down in status and 13 moved up.
    Ex: The government has hiked up the rate of income tax being paid by oil multinationals.
    Ex: You'll be scaling walls, jumping between rooftops, swinging on ropes, hanging from pipes, sliding under 4WDs and doing anything you can to avoid those zombies.
    Ex: Baby boomers are desperately trying to hold onto their salad days -- plastic surgery, vitamins and drugs like Viagra have spiked in public demand.
    Ex: Refiners are cranking up diesel output to meet rising global demand.
    Ex: Yes, some people with thin blood or whose pulse and blood pressure get high enough will have a nose bleed when excited.
    Ex: Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.
    Ex: Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.
    Ex: There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.
    Ex: We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.
    Ex: David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.
    Ex: Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.
    Ex: After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.
    Ex: The health department has ratcheted up efforts to prevent or slow down the spread of swine flu in schools.
    Ex: Determine how much it costs to make the item, how much it costs to market that item, and then mark it up by 15-30% or more.
    Ex: In order to gain strength fast, you need to immediately begin amping up your strength thermostat in your mind.
    Ex: Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.
    * estar que + subirse + por las paredes = tear + Posesivo + hair out.
    * obligar a subir el precio = force up + prices.
    * subir a = board.
    * subir al poder = rise to + power.
    * subir al trono = ascend (to) + the throne.
    * subir a un barco = board + ship.
    * subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * subir de precio = rise in + price.
    * subir el listón = raise + the bar, move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.
    * subir el precio = push + cost + up, raise + price, jack up + the price, rack up + the price.
    * subir el volumen = pump up + the volume.
    * subir en = ride.
    * subir en bici = ride + a bike.
    * subir en bicicleta = ride + a bike.
    * subir exageradamente = rise + steeply.
    * subir la moral = boost + Posesivo + morale, lift + morale, increase + morale, improve + morale, boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.
    * subirle la nota a Alguien = mark + Nombre + up.
    * subir ligeramente = nudge up.
    * subir los impuestos = push + taxes.
    * subir repentinamente = shoot up.
    * subirse al autobús = get on + the bus.
    * subirse al tren = jump on + the bandwagon, ride + the hype, catch + the fever.
    * subírsele a la cabeza = go to + Posesivo + head.
    * subírsele los colores = go + bright red.
    * subírsele los humos a la cabeza = get + too big for + Posesivo + boots, get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.
    * subirse por las paredes = be beside + Reflexivo.
    * subir y/o bajar = move up and/or down.
    * telón + subir = curtain + rise.

    * * *
    subir [I1 ]
    vi
    A
    1 «ascensor/persona» (alejándose) to go up; (acercándose) to come up
    hay que subir a pie you have to walk up
    ahora subo I'll be right up, I'm coming up now
    voy a subir al caserío I'm going up to the farmhouse
    los autobuses que suben al pueblo the buses that go up to the village
    el camino sube hasta la cima the path goes up to o leads to the top of the hill
    2 (a un coche) to get in; (a un autobús, etc) to get on subir A algo ‹a un autobús/un tren/un avión› to get ON o ONTO sth; ‹a un coche› to get IN o INTO sth; ‹a un caballo/una bicicleta› to get ON o ONTO sth, to mount sth ( frml)
    subir a bordo to go/get on board
    3 (de categoría) to go up
    ha subido en el escalafón he has been promoted
    han subido a primera división they've been promoted to o they've gone up to the first division
    ha subido mucho en mi estima she has gone up a lot o ( frml) risen greatly in my estimation
    4 ( Arg fam) to take up office/one's post
    5
    (en tenis): subir a la red to go up to the net
    B
    1 «marea» to come in; «aguas/río» to rise
    las aguas no subieron de nivel the water level did not rise
    2 «fiebre/tensión» to go up, rise
    han subido las temperaturas temperatures have risen
    3 ( Med) «leche» to come in, be produced
    C «precio/valor/cotización» to rise, go up
    la leche subió a 60 céntimos milk went up to sixty cents
    el desempleo subió en 94.500 personas en el primer trimestre unemployment rose by 94,500 in the first quarter
    ha subido el dólar con respecto al euro the dollar has risen against the euro
    D ( Inf) to upload
    ■ subir
    vt
    A ‹montaña› to climb; ‹cuesta› to go up, climb
    tiene problemas para subir la escalera he has trouble getting up o climbing the stairs
    subió los escalones de dos en dos he went o walked up the stairs two at a time
    B
    1 ‹objeto/niño› (acercándose) to bring up; (alejándose) to take up
    voy a subir la compra I'm just going to take the shopping upstairs
    tengo que subir unas cajas al desván I have to put some boxes up in the attic
    ¿puedes subir las maletas? could you take the cases up?
    sube al niño al caballo lift the child onto the horse
    ese cuadro está muy bajo, ¿puedes subirlo un poco? that picture is very low, can you put it up a little higher?
    traía el cuello del abrigo subido he had his coat collar turned up
    2 ‹persiana/telón› to raise
    ¿me subes la cremallera? will you zip me up?, will you fasten my zipper ( AmE) o ( BrE) zip?
    subió la ventanilla she wound the window up o closed o raised the window
    ven que te suba los pantalones come here and let me pull your pants ( AmE) o ( BrE) trousers up for you
    3 ‹dobladillo› to take up; ‹falda› to take o turn up
    C
    1 ‹precios/salarios› to raise, put up
    ¿cuánto te han subido este año? how much did your salary go up this year?
    2 ‹volumen/radio› to turn up
    sube el volumen turn the volume up
    sube el tono que no te oigo speak up, I can't hear you
    sube un poco la calefacción turn the heating o heat up a little
    A
    1 (a un coche, autobús, etc) subir vi A 2.
    2 (trepar) to climb
    se subió al muro she climbed (up) onto the wall
    les encanta subirse a los árboles they love to climb trees
    estaban subidos a un árbol they were up a tree
    el niño se le subió encima the child climbed on top of him
    3 (a la cabeza, cara) (+ me/te/le etc):
    el vino enseguida se me subió a la cabeza the wine went straight to my head
    el éxito se le ha subido a la cabeza success has gone to his head
    noté que se me subían los colores (a la cara) I realized that I was going red o blushing
    B ( refl) ‹calcetines/pantalones› to pull up
    * * *

     

    subir ( conjugate subir) verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) [ascensor/persona/coche] ( ir arriba) to go up;

    ( venir arriba) to come up;

    ahora subo I'll be right up;
    el camino sube hasta la cima the path goes up to o leads to the top of the hill
    b) subir A algo ‹a autobús/tren/avión› to get on o onto sth;

    ‹ a coche› to get in o into sth;
    ‹a caballo/bicicleta› to get on o onto sth, to mount sth (frml);
    ◊ subir a bordo to go o get on board


    ( en el escalafón) to be promoted
    2

    [aguas/río] to rise
    b) [fiebre/tensión] to go up, rise;

    [ temperatura] to rise
    3 [precio/valor/cotización/salario] to rise, go up
    verbo transitivo
    1 ‹ montaña› to climb;
    ‹escaleras/cuesta› to go up, climb
    2
    a) ‹objeto/niño› ( traer arriba) to bring up;

    ( llevar arriba) to take up;

    b) ( poner más alto) ‹ objeto› to put up … (higher);

    ‹ cuello de prenda› to turn up:

    c) ‹persiana/telón/ventanilla› to raise;

    ‹ pantalones› to pull up;
    ◊ ¿me subes la cremallera? will you zip me up?, will you fasten my zipper (AmE) o (BrE) zip?


    ‹ falda› to take o turn up
    e) (Inf) to upload

    3
    a) ‹precios/salarios› to raise, put up

    b) ‹volumen/radio/calefacción› to turn up

    subirse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) (a coche, autobús, etc) See Also→ subir verbo intransitivo 1b


    ◊ se subió al árbol/al muro she climbed up the tree/(up) onto the wall;

    estaba subido a un árbol he was up a tree
    c) ( a la cabeza) (+ me/te/le etc):


    2 ( refl) ‹calcetines/pantalones› to pull up;
    ‹ cuello› to turn up
    subir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una pendiente, las escaleras) to go up
    (hacia el hablante) to come up
    (una montaña) to climb
    2 (llevar arriba) to take up: voy a subir las cajas, I'm going to take the boxes upstairs
    (hacia el hablante) to bring up
    3 (elevar) to raise: sube la mano izquierda, lift your left hand
    (el sueldo, la temperatura, la voz, etc) to raise: sube (el volumen de) la radio, turn the radio up
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (ascender) to go up: ¿por qué no subimos a verla?, why don't we go up to see her?
    (acercándose al hablante) to come up ➣ Ver nota en ir 2 (a un avión, tren, autobús) to get on o onto: subimos al tren, we boarded the train
    (a un coche) to get into o in
    3 (la marea, las aguas) to rise
    4 (la temperatura) to rise
    5 (los precios, el sueldo, etc) to rise, go up
    6 (de categoría) to go up
    ' subir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abrochar
    - ascender
    - bordo
    - cajón
    - cerrar
    - cortante
    - embarcación
    - escena
    - estrado
    - irse
    - trono
    - abordar
    - alto
    - bien
    - escalafón
    - montar
    - volumen
    English:
    aboard
    - ascend
    - board
    - boarding card
    - boarding pass
    - climb
    - come in
    - come up
    - curl
    - elevate
    - escalate
    - flight
    - get into
    - get on
    - go up
    - hand up
    - heave
    - hoist
    - increase
    - jump on
    - mount
    - move up
    - pile in
    - push
    - raise
    - rise
    - roll up
    - send up
    - sharply
    - shoot up
    - show up
    - slope
    - spiral up
    - stair
    - stand
    - steeply
    - tree
    - turn up
    - up
    - volume
    - walk up
    - zip up
    - air
    - come
    - do
    - flow
    - gain
    - get
    - go
    - jump
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [poner arriba] [libro, cuadro] to put up;
    [telón] to raise; [persiana] to roll up; [ventanilla] to wind up, to close;
    he subido la enciclopedia de la primera a la última estantería I've moved the encyclopedia up from the bottom shelf to the top one;
    sube el cuadro un poco move the picture up a bit o a bit higher;
    ¿me ayudas a subir las bolsas? could you help me take the bags up?;
    ayúdame a subir la caja [a lo alto] help me get the box up;
    [al piso de arriba] help me carry the box upstairs
    2. [montar]
    subir algo/a alguien a to lift sth/sb onto
    3. [alzar] [bandera] to raise;
    subir la mano to put one's hand up, to raise one's hand
    4. [ascender] [calle, escaleras] to go/come up;
    [escalera de mano] to climb; [pendiente, montaña] to go up;
    subió las escaleras a toda velocidad she ran up o climbed the stairs as fast as she could;
    subió la calle a todo correr he ran up the street as fast as he could
    5. [aumentar] [precio, impuestos] to put up, to increase;
    [música, volumen, radio] to turn up;
    subió la voz o [m5] el tono para que se le oyera she raised her voice so she could be heard;
    sube la voz o [m5]el tono, no te oigo speak up, I can't hear you;
    subir el fuego de la cocina to turn up the heat;
    subir la moral a alguien to lift sb's spirits, to cheer sb up
    6. [hacer ascender de categoría] to promote
    7. Mús to raise the pitch of
    8. Fam Informát to upload
    ♦ vi
    1. [a piso, azotea] to go/come up;
    ¿podrías subir aquí un momento? could you come up here a minute?;
    subo enseguida I'll be up in a minute;
    subir corriendo to run up;
    subir en ascensor to go/come up in the Br lift o US elevator;
    subir por la escalera to go/come up the stairs;
    subir (a) por algo to go up and get sth;
    subir a la red [en tenis] to come (in) to the net
    2. [montar] [en avión, barco] to get on;
    [en coche] to get in; [en moto, bicicleta, tren] to get on; [en caballo] to get on, to mount; [en árbol, escalera de mano, silla] to climb up;
    subir a [coche] to get in(to);
    [moto, bicicleta, tren, avión] to get on; [caballo] to get on, to mount; [árbol, escalera de mano] to climb up; [silla, mesa] to get o climb onto; [piso] to go/come up to;
    subir a bordo to go on board;
    es peligroso subir al tren en marcha it is dangerous to board the train while it is moving
    3. [aumentar] to rise, to go up;
    [hinchazón, cauce] to rise; [fiebre] to raise, to go up;
    los precios subieron prices went up o rose;
    subió la gasolina the price of petrol went up o rose;
    el euro subió frente a la libra the euro went up o rose against the pound;
    las acciones de C & C han subido C & C share prices have gone up o risen;
    han subido las ventas sales are up;
    este modelo ha subido de precio this model has gone up in price, the price of this model has gone up;
    el coste total no subirá del millón the total cost will not be more than o over a million;
    no subirá de tres horas it will take three hours at most, it won't take more than three hours;
    está subiendo la marea the tide is coming in;
    el jefe ha subido mucho en mi estima the boss has gone up a lot in my estimation
    4. [cuenta, importe]
    subir a to come o amount to
    5. Culin [crecer] to rise
    6. Fam [ir, venir] to come/go up;
    subiré a la capital la próxima semana I'll be going up to the capital next week;
    ¿por qué no subes a vernos este fin de semana? why don't you come up to see us this weekend?
    7. [ascender de categoría] to be promoted (a to); Dep to be promoted, to go up (a to);
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 cuesta, escalera go up, climb; montaña climb
    2 objeto raise, lift; intereses, precio raise
    II v/i
    2 de precio rise, go up
    3 a un tren, autobús get on; a un coche get in
    4
    :
    subir al poder rise to power;
    subir al trono ascend to the throne
    * * *
    subir vt
    1) : to bring up, to take up
    2) : to climb, to go up
    3) : to raise
    subir vi
    1) : to go up, to come up
    2) : to rise, to increase
    3) : to be promoted
    4)
    subir a : to get on, to mount
    subir a un tren: to get on a train
    * * *
    subir vb
    1. (ir arriba) to go up
    ¡sube! ¡la vista es fantástica! come up! the view is fantastic!
    2. (escalar) to climb
    3. (en un coche) to get in
    4. (en un tren, autobús, avión) to get on
    5. (aumentar) to rise [pt. rose; pp. risen] / to go up
    6. (llevar arriba) to take up [pt. took; pp. taken] / to put up [pt. & pp. put]
    7. (incrementar) to put up [pt. & pp. put] / to raise
    8. (hacer más fuerte) to turn up

    Spanish-English dictionary > subir

  • 35 get on

    1. intransitive verb
    1) (on bicycle) aufsteigen; (on horse) aufsitzen; (enter vehicle) einsteigen
    2) (make progress) vorankommen

    get on in life/the world — es zu etwas [im Leben] bringen

    3) (fare)
    4) (become late) vorrücken

    it's getting on for six months since... — es sind bald sechs Monate, seit...

    5) (advance in age) älter werden

    be getting on in years/for seventy — langsam älter werden/auf die Siebzig zugehen

    6)
    7) (manage) zurechtkommen
    8) see academic.ru/31024/get_along">get along 3)
    2. [stress varies] transitive verb
    1) (climb on) steigen auf (+ Akk.) [Fahrrad, Pferd]; (enter, board) einsteigen in (+ Akk.) [Zug, Bus, Flugzeug]; gehen auf (+ Akk.) [Schiff]
    2) (put on) anziehen [Kleider, Schuhe]; aufsetzen [Hut, Kessel]; (load) [auf]laden auf (+ Akk.)

    get the cover [back] on — den Deckel [wieder] draufbekommen

    3) (coll.)

    get something on somebody — (discover something incriminating) etwas gegen jemanden in der Hand haben

    * * *
    1) (to make progress or be successful: How are you getting on in your new job?) vorankommen
    2) (to work, live etc in a friendly way: We get on very well together; I get on well with him.) gut auskommen mit
    3) (to grow old: Our doctor is getting on a bit now.) älter werden
    4) (to put (clothes etc) on: Go and get your coat on.) anziehen
    5) (to continue doing something: I must get on, so please don't interrupt me; I must get on with my work.) vorankommen
    * * *
    ◆ get on
    I. vt (sl)
    to \get on it on [with sb] es [mit jdm] treiben euph fam, etwas mit jdm haben euph fam
    II. vi
    ▪ to \get on on [with sb] sich akk [mit jdm] verstehen
    to \get on on badly/well sich akk schlecht/gut verstehen
    2. esp BRIT (manage, progress) Fortschritte machen
    ▪ to \get on on [with sth] [mit etw dat] vorankommen
    3. (start)
    ▪ to \get on on sth etw angehen, sich akk an etw akk heranmachen fam
    4. (continue) weitermachen
    ▪ to \get on on with sth mit etw dat weitermachen
    5. BRIT (succeed) erfolgreich sein
    6. (age) alt werden
    to be \get onting on in years an Jahren zunehmen
    7. time spät werden
    it's \get onting on — we'd better go es wird langsam spät — wir sollten besser gehen
    8. (be nearly)
    there were \get onting on a hundred people there sie waren schon um die hundert Leute
    ▪ to \get on on at sb auf jdm herumhacken fam
    10. (discuss)
    ▪ to \get on on to [or onto] sth auf etw akk kommen
    11. (contact)
    ▪ to \get on on to [or onto] sb [about sth] sich akk mit jdm [wegen einer S. gen] in Verbindung setzen
    12. (find out)
    ▪ to \get on on to [or onto] sb jdm auf die Schliche kommen fam
    ▪ to \get on on to [or onto] sth hinter etw akk kommen
    * * *
    A v/i
    1. ein Pferd, einen Wagen etc besteigen, aufsteigen auf (akk)
    2. einsteigen in (akk)
    3. sich stellen auf (akk):
    get on one’s feet ( oder legs) sich erheben
    4. vorwärtskommen, vorankommen (beide auch fig):
    get on in one’s job;
    how is your work getting on? wie kommst du mit deiner Arbeit voran?;
    a) es zu etwas bringen,
    b) auch get on (in years) älter werden;
    be getting on for sixty auf die Sechzig zugehen;
    get on without sth ohne etwas auskommen;
    I must be getting on ich muss weiter;
    it is getting on for 5 o’clock es geht auf 5 Uhr (zu);
    it was getting on es wurde spät;
    get on with one’s meal weiteressen;
    let’s get on with our work machen wir weiter!;
    get on with it! umg Tempo!;
    get on with you! Br umg das glaubst du doch selbst nicht!
    5. → get along B 2, B 3
    a) Br sich in Verbindung setzen mit, TEL jemanden anrufen,
    b) gewählt oder berufen werden in (akk),
    c) zu sprechen kommen auf (akk),
    d) umg etwas spitzkriegen, hinter eine Sache kommen,
    e) umg jemandem auf die Schliche kommen
    B v/t
    a) anziehen:
    get one’s clothes on sich anziehen
    b) anbekommen:
    I can’t get my jeans on ich bekomme meine Jeans nicht an
    2. weiterbringen, vorantreiben
    3. get it on US sl bumsen vulg (Geschlechtsverkehr haben)
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb
    1) (on bicycle) aufsteigen; (on horse) aufsitzen; (enter vehicle) einsteigen
    2) (make progress) vorankommen

    get on in life/the world — es zu etwas [im Leben] bringen

    4) (become late) vorrücken

    it's getting on for six months since... — es sind bald sechs Monate, seit...

    5) (advance in age) älter werden

    be getting on in years/for seventy — langsam älter werden/auf die Siebzig zugehen

    6)
    7) (manage) zurechtkommen
    2. [stress varies] transitive verb
    1) (climb on) steigen auf (+ Akk.) [Fahrrad, Pferd]; (enter, board) einsteigen in (+ Akk.) [Zug, Bus, Flugzeug]; gehen auf (+ Akk.) [Schiff]
    2) (put on) anziehen [Kleider, Schuhe]; aufsetzen [Hut, Kessel]; (load) [auf]laden auf (+ Akk.)

    get the cover [back] on — den Deckel [wieder] draufbekommen

    3) (coll.)

    get something on somebody — (discover something incriminating) etwas gegen jemanden in der Hand haben

    * * *
    v.
    einsteigen v.
    vorwärts kommen ausdr.
    vorwärtskommen (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.
    weiterkommen v.

    English-german dictionary > get on

  • 36 Age

    Note that where English says to be X years old, French says avoir X ans (to have X years).
    How old?
    how old are you?
    = quel âge as-tu?
    what age is she?
    = quel âge a-t-elle?
    The word ans (years) is never dropped:
    he is forty years old
    = il a quarante ans
    she’s eighty
    = elle a quatre-vingts ans
    the house is a hundred years old
    = la maison a cent ans
    a man of fifty
    = un homme de cinquante ans
    a child of eight and a half
    = un enfant de huit ans et demi
    I feel sixteen
    = j’ai l’impression d’avoir seize ans
    he looks sixteen
    = on lui donnerait seize ans
    Note the use of de after âgé and à l’âge:
    a woman aged thirty
    = une femme âgée de trente ans
    at the age of forty
    = à l’âge de quarante ans
    Mrs Smith, aged forty
    = Mme Smith, âgée de quarante ans
    Do not confuse que and de used with plus and moins:
    I’m older than you
    = je suis plus âgé que toi
    she’s younger than him
    = elle est plus jeune que lui
    Anne’s two years younger
    = Anne a deux ans de moins
    Margot’s older than Suzanne by five years
    = Margot a cinq ans de plus que Suzanne
    Robert’s younger than Thomas by six years
    = Robert a six ans de moins que Thomas
    X-year-old
    a forty-year-old
    = quelqu’un de quarante ans
    a sixty-year-old woman
    = une femme de soixante ans
    an eighty-year-old pensioner
    = un retraité de quatre-vingts ans
    they’ve got an eight-year-old
    = ils ont un enfant de huit ans
    and a five-year-old
    = et un autre de cinq ans
    Note the various ways of saying these in French:
    he is about fifty
    = il a environ cinquante ans
    or il a une cinquantaine d’années
    or (less formally) il a dans les cinquante ans
    (Other round numbers in -aine used to express age are dizaine (10), vingtaine (20), trentaine (30), quarantaine (40), soixantaine (60) and centaine (100).)
    she’s just over sixty
    = elle vient d’avoir soixante ans
    she’s just under seventy
    = elle aura bientôt soixante-dix ans
    she’s in her sixties
    = elle a entre soixante et soixante-dix ans
    she’s in her early sixties
    = elle a entre soixante et soixante-cinq ans
    she’s in her late sixties
    = elle va avoir soixante-dix ans
    or (less formally) elle va sur ses soixante-dix ans
    she must be seventy
    = elle doit avoir soixante-dix ans
    he’s in his mid forties
    = il a entre quarante et cinquante ans
    or (less formally) il a dans les quarante-cinq ans
    he’s just ten
    = il a tout juste dix ans
    he’s barely twelve
    = il a à peine douze ans
    games for the under twelves
    = jeux pour les moins de douze ans
    only for the over eighties
    = seulement pour les plus de quatre-vingts ans

    Big English-French dictionary > Age

  • 37 reach

    1. I
    abs as far as the arm can reach на расстоянии вытянутой руки; as far as the eye can reach насколько видит глаз или насколько может охватить взор, до горизонта; farther than the eye can reach так далеко, что не видно, далеко за горизонт (ом)
    2. II
    reach somewhere reach far простираться /тянуться/ далеко; how far does the new road reach? до какого места /куда/ доходит новая дорога?; I cannot reach so high (far enough) я не могу дотянуться так высоко (так далеко); the boots reach halfway up the legs сапоги доходят до половины икры
    3. III
    1) reach smth. reach the port (the town, London, the place, etc.) приезжать /прибывать/ в порт и т.д.; when does the train reach the city? когда поезд приходит в город?; reach one's destination (land, the coast, the top of a hill, the entrance, the other side of the room, etc.) добираться до места назначения и т.д.; the road (the railway) reaches our village (my house, etc.) (железная) дорога доходит до нашей деревни и т.д.; the path reaches the field дорожка выходит /ведет/ к полю; the steps by which you reach the entrance ступеньки, которые ведут к выходу; when he reached the end of the book... когда он уже кончал книгу /подошел к концу книги/...; the epidemic disease had reached the town эпидемия уже докатилась до города /охватила город/; reach the ground (the knee, the sill, etc.) доходить до /достигать/ земли и т.д.; the coat reached his heels пальто доходило /было/ ему до пят; the mass of books reaches the ceiling гора книг подпирает потолок; the anchor reached bottom якорь опустился на дно; the water was too deep for light to reach the bottom было глубоко, и [через толщу воды] свет не проникал /не мог пробиться/ на дно; the spire reaches the sky шпиль упирается в небо; when the chrystal reaches full size когда кристалл достигнет нужного размера или перестанет расти; reach a certain sum (price, billions, etc.) достигать определенной суммы [денег] и т.д.; the sum total of the expenses reaches thousands of francs общая сумма расходов равна ста тысячам франков /исчисляется тысячами франков/; the book reached its sixth edition книга уже вышла шестым изданием; reach old age (middle age, the age of sixty, the end of life, etc.) дожить до пожилого возраста и т.д.; reach adolescence достичь юношеского возраста; when he reached the age of fifty... когда ему исполнилось пятьдесят лет...; reach smb., smth. these rumours (smb.'s message, smb.'s request, smb.'s call for help, etc.) reached me когда эти слухи и т.д. дошли до меня; when the news reached me когда до меня дошло это известие, когда я узнал об этом событии; this must not reach his ears он об этом не должен (у)знать; not a sound reached our ears до нас /до нашего слуха/ не долетало /не доносилось/ ни звука; every syllable reached the audience до аудитории доходило каждое слово; the radio reached millions радио слушают миллионы [людей]; попе of their bullets reached the enemy их пули не настигли противника
    2) reach smth. reach one's aims /one's ends, the goal, the mark/ (the object of one's desires, a high standard, perfection, power, a stage of considerable skill, etc.) достигать /добиваться/ своей цели и т.д.; reach an agreement (an understanding, a compromise, etc.) достигать соглашения и т.д., приходить к соглашению и т.д.; reach a conclusion приходить к заключению; reach an opinion составить мнение
    3) reach smth. reach the shelf (the top of the door, the ceiling, the apple on the branch, etc.) дотянуться до полки и т.д.; he was so short that he could not reach the door handle он был такой маленький, что не мог дотянуться до дверной ручки /достать дверную ручку/; the stick doesn't reach the bottom палка не доходит /не достает/ до дна
    4) reach smb., smth. reach the general (the headquarters, etc.) связываться /устанавливать/ связь с генералом и т.д.; where can I reach you? где я могу вас найти?; there was no way of reaching him с ним никак нельзя было связаться; the law cannot reach him он недосягаем для закона
    5) reach smb., smth. reach children (the old woman, smb.'s heart, smb.'s conscience, etc.) произвести впечатление на /тронуть/ детей и т.д.; the words reached his heart эти слова дошли до его сердца /тронули его сердце/
    4. IV
    reach smth. in some manner he hardly reached my shoulders он едва доставал мне до плеча; the ladder won't quite reach the window лестница /стремянка/ немного не достает до окна; reach smb. somewhere you can reach me here вы меня найдете здесь; reach smb. at some time the letter reached me yesterday (today, too late, etc.) письмо пришло /дошло до меня/ вчера и т.д.
    5. V
    reach smb. smth. reach me (him, etc.) the pen (the book, the salt, the mustard, etc.) передайте мне и т.д. ручку и т.д.
    6. XI
    1) be reached by smth. the windows can be reached by a ladder до окон можно добраться при помощи стремянки; be reached by smth. in some manner the village is easily reached by rail до деревни легко добраться поездом /по железной дороге/
    2) be reached by (on) smth. the place cannot be reached by telephone с этим пунктом нет телефонной связи; he can always be reached on the office telephone с ним всегда можно связаться по служебному телефону
    3) be reached by smth. be reached by flattery быть падким на лесть; be reached by reason прислушиваться к голосу разума; how is her conscience to be reached? как подействовать /повлиять/ на ее совесть?
    7. XVI
    1) reach to (as far as) smth. reach to the river (to the sea, to the road, to the very mountains, as far as the sea, as far as my house, etc.) простираться /тянуться/ до реки и т.д.; reach nearly to the ground (to the bottom of the ocean, to the top of the wall, etc.) доходить /доставать/ почти до земли и т.д.; the sound of his voice reached easily to the back of the hall его голос было хорошо слышно в конце зала: reach to a considerable figure достигать значительной цифры /значительного количества/; reach to great heights (to the height of perfection, etc.) достигать, больших высот и т.д.; reach from smth. to smth. the rainbow reaches from heaven to earth радуга спускается с неба до самой земли; reach across smth. their voices reached across the lake (across. the river, across the street, etc.) их голоса доносились до противоположного берега озера и т.д.
    2) reach into smth. reach into September (into next week, into the XXth century, etc.) захватывать /распространяться на/ сентябрь и т.д.; the winter vacation reaches into February зимние каникулы захватывают часть февраля; reach into the millions (into many hundreds, etc.) насчитывать миллионы и т.д.
    3) reach for ( after, towards, etc.) smth. reach for a knife (for the bread, for one's hat, for the receiver, for one's gun, towards a book, after the newspaper, after smth. one has dropped, etc.) протянуть руку /потянуться/ за ножом и т.д.; greedily (promptly, impulsively, vainly, etc.) reach for food жадно и т.д. (по)тянуться к пище; reach after knowledge (after fame, after happiness, after affection, after an ideal, etc.) тянуться /стремиться/ к знаниям и т.д.; reach across smth. reach across the table протянуть руку /потянуться/ через [весь] стол (чтобы дать или достать что-л.)
    8. XXI1
    1) reach smth. at some time reach the city at six o'clock (the airport at three, the house in the morning, etc.) прибыть в город в шесть часов и т.д., добраться до города в шесть часов и т.д.; we reached the village at midnight мы добралась до деревни в полночь; reach smb. at some time your letter did not reach me until today я получил ваше письмо только сегодня; reach smb. about smb., smth. all that has reached me about him (about his condition, this event, etc.) все, что я слышал /что мне стало известно о нем и т.д.
    2) reach smth. from (on, etc.) smth. reach a book from a shelf (sugar on the top shelf, a box under the table, etc.) достать книгу с [высокой] полки и т.д.; reach me the book (the newspaper, the magazine, that box, etc.) on the top shelf [достаньте и] передайте мне книгу и т.д. с верхней полки

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > reach

  • 38 close

    1. [kləuz] гл.
    1)

    Close the door tightly. — Закрой плотно дверь.

    Many flowers open in the morning and close at night. — Многие цветы утром распускаются, а вечером закрываются.

    I'm glad to see that the wound is closing (up) nicely. — Я очень рад, что рана так хорошо закрывается (затягивается).

    Syn:
    shut 3., secure 2.
    2) = close up затыкать, заделывать; забивать, заполнять

    The handyman closed the hole in the wall with plaster. — Рабочий заделал дыру в стене штукатуркой.

    We must close up the old well, it's dangerous. — Надо засыпать старый колодец, он небезопасен.

    Syn:
    stop 2., fill 1., stuff 2., clog 2., plug 2.
    3) запирать; заключать (куда-л. / во что-л.)

    The stableboy closed the horse in the stall. — Помощник конюха запер лошадь в конюшне.

    Syn:
    confine 2., enclose, pen II 2., blockade 2., block 2.
    4) ( close on) прищемить, придавить

    I closed the window on my finger and made it bleed. — Я прищемил палец оконной рамой, и из него пошла кровь.

    5)
    а) = close up кончать, заканчивать

    The pianist closed the concert with a Gershwin medley. — Пианист завершил концерт исполнением попурри из произведений Гершвина.

    The priest closed the meeting with a prayer. — Священник завершил собрание молитвой.

    б) прекращаться, заканчиваться

    Schools closed for the Christmas holiday. — Школы закрылись на рождественские каникулы.

    Syn:
    6) бирж. завершиться каким-л. курсом ( о торгах на бирже)
    7) принимать (деловое) предложение; заключать сделку; приходить к соглашению

    After hours of talking about the price, the shopkeeper at last closed with the salesman's offer. — После нескольких часов переговоров хозяин магазина согласился с ценой продавца.

    The two ministers didn't close with each other until near the end of the meeting. — Двое министров договорились только к концу заседания.

    8) соединять, объединять

    The surgeon closed the two edges of the incision with surgical thread. — Хирург соединил края разреза хирургической нитью.

    Syn:
    join 1., link I 2., connect, couple 2., unite I
    9) эл. замыкать ( цепь)
    Syn:
    fuse I 2.
    10) подходить близко; сближаться вплотную

    The soldiers closed ranks. — Солдаты сомкнули ряды.

    The men closed round him. — Люди столпились вокруг него.

    11) = close down (close about / on) приближаться, надвигаться; постепенно окружать

    Night closed on us among a labyrinth of hills and canyons. — Ночь настигла нас в лабиринте холмов и каньонов.

    As darkness closed about them, they decided to return home. — Когда стало темнеть, они решили вернуться домой.

    Darkness closed down on the city. — Над городом сгустилась тьма.

    12) войти в ближний бой, схватиться в рукопашной; войти в соприкосновение ( с противником)
    •
    - close in
    - close off
    - close out
    - close up
    ••
    - be closed with smb.
    - close the door on smth. 2. [kləus] прил.

    I've brought a close carriage for him. — Я достал ему закрытую коляску.

    Syn:
    2) лингв. закрытый ( гласный)
    3) закрытый (для доступа широкой публики, для охоты)
    4) замкнутый; ограниченный, узкий

    The space contained close alleys and open walks. — Там были и узкие аллеи, и открытые места для прогулок.

    Syn:

    Captain is in close arrest. — Капитан находится под строгим арестом.

    6) секретный, тайный; уединённый; скрытый от глаз

    to keep a thing close — держать что-л. в секрете

    to keep / lie close — прятаться

    Syn:
    7) душный, удушливый, спёртый

    The air in this room is very close. — В этой комнате очень спёртый воздух.

    Syn:
    8) скрытный, замкнутый; сдержанный, молчаливый

    He was too close to name his circumstances to me. — Он был слишком замкнутым человеком, чтобы рассказать мне о своём положении.

    Syn:
    9) скупой, скаредный

    He's as close with his money as Scrooge. — Он скупой, как Скрудж.

    Syn:

    Living in such close quarters makes privacy difficult. — Когда живёшь в такой тесноте, уединиться практически невозможно.

    11) плотный; сжатый, убористый ( о почерке)

    The fabric was of a close weave. — Ткань была плотная.

    Syn:
    12) близкий ( о времени и месте); близко расположенный

    close column — воен. сомкнутая колонна

    The house is close to the park. — Дом расположен рядом с парком.

    The migration of the ducks southward showed that winter was close. — Утки летели на юг, это означало, что зима уже близко.

    - get to close quarters
    Syn:
    13) кино крупный ( план)
    14) = close-fitting плотно облегающий; хорошо пригнанный ( об одежде)
    15) близкий, интимный; неразлучный

    The two brothers are very close. — Два брата очень близки.

    Syn:
    16) близкий, схожий; почти равный

    close contest — состязание равных соперников; упорная борьба ( особенно на выборах)

    The colour is close to what I want, but the style is wrong. — Цвет очень близок к тому, что я хочу, но фасон мне не нравится.

    The resemblance is very close and very strange. — Сходство очень сильное и очень странное.

    It was a close race. — Это были скачки с почти равными соперниками.

    Syn:
    17) внимательный; тщательный; подробный

    close reading — внимательное, медленное чтение

    close control — строгий надзор, тщательный контроль

    Keep a close watch on the children. — Внимательно следите за детьми.

    Syn:
    18) короткий; коротко постриженный

    A straight razor gives a close shave. — Прямая бритва бреет очень гладко.

    Syn:
    smooth 1., trim 2., neat I, short 1.
    3. [kləus] нареч.
    1) близко, около; рядом

    Come close so I can see you. — Подойди поближе, чтобы я мог тебя увидеть.

    We were close to when it happened. — Мы были рядом, когда это случилось.

    Syn:
    near 2., nearby 2., thereabout
    2) ( close on) почти, приблизительно

    There were close on a hundred people present. — Присутствовало почти сто человек.

    He is close on sixty. — Ему около шестидесяти.

    Syn:
    3) коротко (о стрижке волос, о подстриженной траве)
    4. [kləuz] сущ.
    1) завершение, заключение, конец, окончание

    The day had reached its close. — День подошёл к концу.

    The crowd began to leave before the close of the game. — Народ начал уходить до окончания игры.

    Syn:
    3) брит. огороженное поле ( в центральных районах Англии)
    5) двор; замкнутая территория вокруг здания
    6) преим. брит. территория, прилегающая к собору
    7) преим. брит. проход, ведущий с улицы во двор к лестнице многоквартирного дома
    Syn:
    9) муз. каденция; каданс
    10) уст. столкновение; борьба
    Syn:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > close

  • 39 really

    ˈrɪəlɪ нареч.
    1) действительно, в самом деле Syn: positively, indeed
    2) правда? неужели? (используется для выражения интереса и удивления) really and truly really?
    3) очень, чрезвычайно, крайне употребляется для усиления
    4) вообще говоря (вводное слово) Syn: actually действительно, в действительности;
    на самом деле;
    по-настоящему - what do you * think about it? что вы на самом деле думаете об этом?;
    каково ваше настоящее мнение по этому поводу? - things that * exist реально существующие вещи - has he * gone? он действительно уехал? - it was * my fault по-существу, это была моя вина - sixty is not * old шестьдесят лет - это еще не настоящая старость( эмоционально-усилительно) очень, крайне, чрезвычайно - a * hot day очень жаркий день - a * gripping story весьма захватывающая история - a * beautiful necklace изумительное ожерелье - that * is too much! только этого не хватало (как вводное слово) право, по правде говоря - *, you must not say that право, вам не следует так говорить - well, * it is too bad of you послушайте, это, право, нехорошо с вашей стороны - *, you're being ridiculous по правде говоря, ты ведешь себя просто глупо в грам. знач. междометия: (разговорное) разве?, вот как!, правда?, право (же) ! (выражает интерес, удивление, протест, сомнение и т. п.) - not *! не может быть! - we're going to Sochi this summer. - Oh, *? этим летом мы едем в Сочи. - Вот как! > * and truly поистине;
    право же > * and truly, you must not say such things право же, вам не следует так говорить really действительно, в самом деле ~ (выражает интерес, удивление, сомнение и т. п.) разве?, вот как!, право;
    really and truly да право же;
    really? вы так думаете?;
    не может быть! ~ (выражает интерес, удивление, сомнение и т. п.) разве?, вот как!, право;
    really and truly да право же;
    really? вы так думаете?;
    не может быть! ~ (выражает интерес, удивление, сомнение и т. п.) разве?, вот как!, право;
    really and truly да право же;
    really? вы так думаете?;
    не может быть!

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > really

  • 40 some

    sʌm
    1. мест.;
    неопред.;
    как сущ.
    1) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие This bird feeds on worms and according to some, on roots. ≈ Эта птица питается червями и, как утверждают некоторые, корнями растений. Some ran, some did not run. ≈ Одни побежали, другие нет. Syn: others
    2.
    2) некоторое количество He ran a mile and then some. ≈ Он пробежал одну милю и потом еще немного. ∙ and then some
    2. мест.;
    неопред.;
    как прил.
    1) какой-нибудь, какой-то, некий, некоторый It was in some newspaper. ≈ Это было в какой-то газете. - some day - some time
    2) некоторый, несколько;
    часто не переводится Please give me some milk. ≈ Дайте мне, пожалуйста, молока. There are some some cats in the garden. ≈ В саду несколько кошек.
    3) немного, несколько I shall be away for some time. ≈ Некоторое время меня здесь не будет. - some few
    4) много, немало, порядочно He'll need some health. ≈ Ему потребуется немало здоровья.
    5) разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий часто ирон. That was some party! ≈ Вот это была вечеринка! Syn: remarkable, striking
    3. мест.;
    неопред.;
    как нареч.
    1) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти He felt some better. ≈ Он почувствовал себя немного лучше. Syn: somewhat
    2.
    2) около, приблизительно The club consists of some 40 members. ≈ В клубе где-то около сорока человек. twenty-some people ≈ примерно двадцать человек Syn: about
    1., nearly, approximately какой-нибудь, (хоть) какой-то - * other solution will have to be found придется (нужно) найти (какое-то) другое решение - ask * experienced person спроси (у) какого-нибудь опытного человека - give it to * lawyer передайте (поручите) это (какому-нибудь) юристу - he will have to make * sort of reply ему ведь придется хоть что-то ответить - let's do that * other time давайте сделаем это как-нибудь в другой раз - come and see me * Monday приходите ко мне как-нибудь в понедельник (в какой-нибудь из понедельников) - I shall see you * day this week мы с вами увидимся как-нибудь на этой недел - he must buy * new cpothes ему нужно купить себе из одежды - can you give me * lunch? не дадите ли вы мне что-нибудь позавтракать (пообедать) ?, не покормите ли вы меня завтраком (обедом) ? какой-то, некий - * variation некая разновидность - * man wants to speak to you с тобой хочет поговорить какой-то человек - * Mr. Smith wants to see you вас хочет видеть некий (какой-то) мистер Смит - * fool has locked the door какой-то дурак запер дверь - he went to * place in France он поехал куда-то во Францию - * one какой-нибудь один;
    кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо - * else кто-то другой - * else's чужой, не свой - * or other тот или иной;
    кто-нибудь, кто-либо - *has to lock up the house кто-нибудь (кто-то) должен запереть дом - * one place выберите какое-нибудь одно место некоторые, одни;
    другие - * people say that it is not difficult некоторые (люди) говорят, что это нетрудно - * fans paid ten dollars for their seats! есть такие болельщики, которые заплатили по десять долларов за место! - * days he earns more, * days less в какие-то дни он зарабатывает больше, в какие-то - меньше некоторое количество, немного - I would like * milk я бы выпил (немного) молока - have * more tea выпейте еще чаю - when I have * free time когда у меня бывает свободное время - he has * money to spare у него есть лишние деньги( немного свободных денег) - have * pity! сжальтесь!, пожалейте (меня) ! несколько - it happened * years ago это случилось несколько лет тому назад - I saw * people walking in the garden as I passed когда я проходил (мимо), я видел нескольких людей, гуляющих в саду - * miles more to go еще несколько миль ходьбы немало, порядочно - it takes * time на это нужно время - it needs * pluck to do that это требует известного (немалого) мужества - they discussed it at * length они обсуждали это довольно долго - the station is * distance off станция находится на некотором расстоянии отсюда - he had * trouble in arranging it он устроил это с немалым трудом;
    ему не так просто было устроить это (американизм) (сленг) отличный, что надо, хоть куда - it is * cake! вот это торт! - * heat! ну и жара, нечего сказать! - that's * rain! ну и дождь( хлещет) ! - three hundred biles an hour! * speed! триста маль в час! вот это скорость! в сочетаниях (см. примеры) - *... or other тот или иной - in * book or other в одной из книг, в какой-то книге - we must settle this question * way or other нам нужно как-то (каким-то образом) решить (удалить) этот вопрос - * idiot or other was shouting all the night какой-то болван (идиот) орал всю ночь приблизительно, около, примерно - * hundred people около ста человек - we were * sixty in all нас было всего( примерно) шестьдесят - it costs * twenty pounds это стоит около двадцати фунтов( разговорное) несколько, немного - he felt * better ему стало несколько лучше;
    он стал чувствовать себя немного лучше - * few немного, незначительное количество - I waited * few minutes я подождал всего несколько минут( американизм) (эмоционально-усилительно) очень, значительно - he was annoyed * он порядком рассердился - we were beaten * нас разделали под орех, нам поддали как следует - it amused me * это меня порядком позабавило - it was a fast train and it went * это был скорый поезд, и он шел на всех парах (преимущественно) (шотландское) слегка;
    чуть-чуть кое-кто, некоторые, одни;
    другие - * think that it is easy некоторые считают, что это легко - * agree with us, and * disagree некоторые (одни) с нами согласны, некоторые ( другие) нет - * of the boys come very early некоторые мальчики приходят (часть мальчиков приходит) очень рано кое-что, некоторые, одни;
    другие - I agree with * of what you say кое с чем из того, что вы говорите, я согласен - * are gold, * silver некоторые (одни) (вещи) из золота, некоторые (другие) из серебра, кое-что из золота, а кое-что из серебра - * of these days на днях, скоро некоторое количество, немного - * of the paper is damaged часть бумаги испорчена - he will be in town all August and * of September он пробудет в городе весь август и часть сентября - this is good, will you have *? это вкусно, хотите (попробовать) немного? несколько, немного - I want * of these strawberries дайте мне (немного) этой клубники -... and (then) *... и еще сверх того - he wants the lot and then * ему нужно все без остатка и еще сверх того - he's up to all the tricks and then * он знает все эти фокусы and (then) ~ разг. и еще много в придачу;
    вдобавок;
    some of these days вскоре, на днях, в ближайшие дни ~ (как нареч.) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти;
    some colder немного холодней;
    he seemed annoyed some он казался немного раздосадованным ~ некоторый, несколько;
    часто не переводится;
    I have some money to spare у меня есть лишние деньги ~ (как прил.) некий, некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь;
    I saw it in some book (or other) я видел это в какой-то книге I saw ~ people in the distance я увидел людей вдали;
    I would like some strawberries мне хотелось бы клубники I saw ~ people in the distance я увидел людей вдали;
    I would like some strawberries мне хотелось бы клубники this is ~ picture! вот это действительно картина!;
    she's some girl! вот это девушка! some разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий (часто ирон.) ;
    some battle крупное сражение;
    some scholar! ну и ученый! ~ prop indef. (как сущ.) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие;
    some came early некоторые пришли рано ~ (как прил.) некий, некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь;
    I saw it in some book (or other) я видел это в какой-то книге ~ prop indef. некоторое количество;
    some of these books are quite useful некоторые из этих книг очень полезны ~ некоторый, несколько;
    часто не переводится;
    I have some money to spare у меня есть лишние деньги ~ немало, порядочно;
    you'll need some courage вам потребуется немало мужества ~ (как нареч.) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти;
    some colder немного холодней;
    he seemed annoyed some он казался немного раздосадованным ~ несколько, немного;
    some few несколько;
    some miles more to go осталось пройти еще несколько миль;
    some years ago несколько лет тому назад ~ около, приблизительно;
    there were some 20 persons present присутствовало около 20 человек ~ около ~ приблизительно some разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий (часто ирон.) ;
    some battle крупное сражение;
    some scholar! ну и ученый! ~ prop indef. (как сущ.) кое-кто, некоторые, одни, другие;
    some came early некоторые пришли рано ~ (как нареч.) разг. несколько, до некоторой степени, отчасти;
    some colder немного холодней;
    he seemed annoyed some он казался немного раздосадованным ~ несколько, немного;
    some few несколько;
    some miles more to go осталось пройти еще несколько миль;
    some years ago несколько лет тому назад ~ prop indef. некоторое количество;
    some of these books are quite useful некоторые из этих книг очень полезны and (then) ~ разг. и еще много в придачу;
    вдобавок;
    some of these days вскоре, на днях, в ближайшие дни ~ day, ~ time (or other) когданибудь;
    some one какой-нибудь (один) ;
    some people некоторые люди ~ day, ~ time (or other) когданибудь;
    some one какой-нибудь (один) ;
    some people некоторые люди ~ place где-нибудь;
    some way out какой-нибудь выход some разг. замечательный, в полном смысле слова, стоящий (часто ирон.) ;
    some battle крупное сражение;
    some scholar! ну и ученый! ~ day, ~ time (or other) когданибудь;
    some one какой-нибудь (один) ;
    some people некоторые люди time: some ~ = sometime some ~ в течение некоторого времени some ~ некоторое время ~ place где-нибудь;
    some way out какой-нибудь выход ~ несколько, немного;
    some few несколько;
    some miles more to go осталось пройти еще несколько миль;
    some years ago несколько лет тому назад ~ около, приблизительно;
    there were some 20 persons present присутствовало около 20 человек this is ~ picture! вот это действительно картина!;
    she's some girl! вот это девушка! ~ немало, порядочно;
    you'll need some courage вам потребуется немало мужества

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > some

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Sixty-three (card game) — Sixty three is a card game popular in Carleton County, New Brunswick, and is named after the number of points which can be taken in a hand. This game is nearly identical to Pedro. Otherwise, the game is similar to Cinch, Pitch, and… …   Wikipedia

  • I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream (video game) — Infobox VG| title = I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream developer = The Dreamers Guild publisher = Cyberdreams designer = Harlan Ellison, David Mullich David Sears engine = SAGA released = October 31, 1995 genre = Adventure Game modes = Single… …   Wikipedia

  • Mad About You — infobox television show name = Mad About You caption = Mad About You title screen. format = Sitcom producer = Columbia Pictures Television TriStar Television Columbia TriStar Television Sony Pictures Television runtime = approx. 22 minutes… …   Wikipedia

  • Greek Church — • Details the history and various divisions of the church Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Greek Church     Greek Church     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Blessed Virgin —     The Blessed Virgin Mary     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Blessed Virgin Mary     The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God.     In general, the theology and history of Mary the …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Mother of God —     The Blessed Virgin Mary     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Blessed Virgin Mary     The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God.     In general, the theology and history of Mary the M …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Blessed Virgin Mary —     The Blessed Virgin Mary     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Blessed Virgin Mary     The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God.     In general, the theology and history of Mary the Mother of God follow the… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Ireland — • Ireland lies in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain . . . Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Ireland     Ireland     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Charles Peace — Charles Frederick Peace (14 May 1832 – 25 February 1879) was a notorious English burglar and murderer from Sheffield, whose somewhat remarkable life later spawned dozens of romanticised novels and films. Peace is mentioned by name in the Sherlock …   Wikipedia

  • Philippine Islands — • An island nation in the Pacific Ocean Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Philippine Islands     Philippine Islands     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Byzantine Empire —     The Byzantine Empire     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Byzantine Empire     The ancient Roman Empire having been divided into two parts, an Eastern and a Western, the Eastern remained subject to successors of Constantine, whose capital was at …   Catholic encyclopedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»