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  • 21 ἄσβολος

    Grammatical information: f. (m.)
    Meaning: `soot' (Hippon.). ἀσβολόεν μέγα, ὑψηλόν (= ψολόεν Latte), μέλαν H. (for μέγα read also μέλαν; its final ν was read as υ, which led to the interpretation of υψολοεν as ὑψηλόν).
    Other forms: Also ἀσβόλη f. (Semon.)
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Unknown. One compared words for `ashes', `dry', like Gr. ἄζω `wither', Goth. azgo, OHG. asca `ashes'. But - βόλος would remain unclear; hardly to βάλλω. Fur. 154f considers it a substr. word, which is undoubtedly correct: note the rare group - σβ-. He compares σποδός `soot', which is unexplained. He further points to σποδίτης ( ἄρτος) `bread baked in hot ashes', which is also called σπολεύς (Philet. ap. Ath. 3, 114e; corrected by Frisk to *σποδεύς!) For δ\/λ cf. λαβύρινθος, Myc. dapu₂rito-. Finally, 393 n. 21 he asks whether the group is identical with ψόλος `soot' (A.); I think that this is most probable (but not to ψόθος `dirt'); on σπ\/ψ Fur. 393.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσβολος

  • 22 διάκτορος

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: surname of Hermes (Hom.); by later poets, who understood it as `messenger', also used from Iris, Athena, the Eagle of Zeus etc. (Call.); finally also as adjective ( διάκτορα... ἔγχεα Nonn.). Sec. διάκτωρ (AP, H.; cf. διάκων = διάκονος).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The meaning was early lost; by A. Pr. 941 used as `διάκονος', later simply interpreted as `messenger': ἀπὸ τοῦ διάγειν τὰς ἀγγελίας H., who however adds: η οἷον διατόρως καὶ σαφῶς διαλεγόμενος. - Acc. to Bechtel Lex. with Fick and Solmsen as διά-κτορος to κτέρας: "one who disposes of treasure" (?); Östergaard Hermes 37, 333ff. takes it as god of death to κτέρες νεκροί H., but this is prob. a guess by grammarians, to explain κτέρεα as `honours of the dead'(Solmsen IF 3, 98). Objections by Thieme Studien 52f., who analyzes *δια-ακτ-τορος "transmitting to the other side [of Persephoneia]"; "mehr kühn als überzeugend" (Frisk).
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  • 23 ἑταῖρος

    ἑταῖρος, ἕταιρος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `comrade, companion, friend',
    Other forms: f. ἑταίρα, Ion. - ρη `female comrade' (Il.); also ἕταρος (Il., Dor.), f. ἑτάρη (Δ 441).
    Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in φιλ-έταιρος `loving his friends' (Att.) with φιλεταιρ-ία a. o.
    Derivatives: ἑταιρήϊος, - εῖος (on the formation Chantraine Formation 52) `regarding the friend' (Ion.-Att.), ἑταιρικός `id.', - όν n. `political club' (Th., Hyp., Arist.), ἑταιρόσυνος `friendly' with - σύνη (late); f. ἑταιρίς = ἑταίρα (X. HG 5, 4, 6 v. l.), ἑταιρίδιον (Plu.); ἑταιρηΐη, - ρεία, - ρία `comradeship, friendship, political club etc.' (Ion.-Att.). Denomin. verbs: ἑτα(ι)ρίζω, - ομαι `be(come) comrade', late `be Hetaire' (Il.) with ἑταίρισμα, - ισμός, - ιστής (late); also ἑταιρίστρια = τριβάς (Pl. Smp. 191e; contemptible). ἑταιρέω `keep company with' (Att.) with ἑταίρησις. ἑταιρεύομαι `prostitute oneself' (hell.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [882] * se- refl. pron.
    Etymology: The diff. forms can be understood as follows: to ἕταρος was first made with a ια-suffix a fem. *ἕταιρᾰ (cf. e. g. χίμαρος: χίμαιρα), which was reshaped into ἑταίρη, - ρα and then gave ἑταῖρος, ἕταιρος; after ἑταῖρος: ἕταρος finally beside ἑταίρη a form ἑτάρη was made (Schulze Q. 82; s. also Glotta 4, 338 and Schwyzer 459; some doubts in Lommel Idg. Femininbildungen 67). - As ἕταρος etc. show no trace of a digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150, Solmsen Unt. 203), the connection with Ϝέτης `relative, friend' (s. ἔτης) must be abandoned. We have to start from the reflexive *se (s. ἕ, ἑ), with a t-enlargement in OCS po-sětiti `visit' (from *sětъ `guest', IE * set-o-), beside *su̯e-t- in Ϝέτης. On the ρ-suffix cf. e. g. νεαρός, γεραρός (partly from ρ-stems). See now Pinsent, Mél. E. Delebecque, 1983, 311-328. - Not to Lat. satelles `body-guard' (prob. Etruscan; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).
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  • 24 ἕταιρος

    ἑταῖρος, ἕταιρος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `comrade, companion, friend',
    Other forms: f. ἑταίρα, Ion. - ρη `female comrade' (Il.); also ἕταρος (Il., Dor.), f. ἑτάρη (Δ 441).
    Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in φιλ-έταιρος `loving his friends' (Att.) with φιλεταιρ-ία a. o.
    Derivatives: ἑταιρήϊος, - εῖος (on the formation Chantraine Formation 52) `regarding the friend' (Ion.-Att.), ἑταιρικός `id.', - όν n. `political club' (Th., Hyp., Arist.), ἑταιρόσυνος `friendly' with - σύνη (late); f. ἑταιρίς = ἑταίρα (X. HG 5, 4, 6 v. l.), ἑταιρίδιον (Plu.); ἑταιρηΐη, - ρεία, - ρία `comradeship, friendship, political club etc.' (Ion.-Att.). Denomin. verbs: ἑτα(ι)ρίζω, - ομαι `be(come) comrade', late `be Hetaire' (Il.) with ἑταίρισμα, - ισμός, - ιστής (late); also ἑταιρίστρια = τριβάς (Pl. Smp. 191e; contemptible). ἑταιρέω `keep company with' (Att.) with ἑταίρησις. ἑταιρεύομαι `prostitute oneself' (hell.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [882] * se- refl. pron.
    Etymology: The diff. forms can be understood as follows: to ἕταρος was first made with a ια-suffix a fem. *ἕταιρᾰ (cf. e. g. χίμαρος: χίμαιρα), which was reshaped into ἑταίρη, - ρα and then gave ἑταῖρος, ἕταιρος; after ἑταῖρος: ἕταρος finally beside ἑταίρη a form ἑτάρη was made (Schulze Q. 82; s. also Glotta 4, 338 and Schwyzer 459; some doubts in Lommel Idg. Femininbildungen 67). - As ἕταρος etc. show no trace of a digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150, Solmsen Unt. 203), the connection with Ϝέτης `relative, friend' (s. ἔτης) must be abandoned. We have to start from the reflexive *se (s. ἕ, ἑ), with a t-enlargement in OCS po-sětiti `visit' (from *sětъ `guest', IE * set-o-), beside *su̯e-t- in Ϝέτης. On the ρ-suffix cf. e. g. νεαρός, γεραρός (partly from ρ-stems). See now Pinsent, Mél. E. Delebecque, 1983, 311-328. - Not to Lat. satelles `body-guard' (prob. Etruscan; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).
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  • 25 εὐθενέω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `thrive, flourish', of animals and plants, also metaph. of towns, peoples etc. (A., Arist.);
    Compounds: as 1. member in εὐθηνι-άρχης `commissioner of (corn)supply' with - αρχέω, - ία, - ικός (pap.; also εὑθενι-).
    Derivatives: εὐθένεια, - ία (- ίη Epigr. Ia) `thriving situation, fullness, supply, annona' (Arist. as v. l. beside εὐθηνία, pap. of Rom. times) with εὐθενιακός (pap.). - Also εὐθηνέω `id.' (h. Hom. 30, 10, Hdt., Hp.) with εὐθηνία = εὐθενεια, - ία (Arist. as v. l.); - rare and late adj.: εὐθενής εὐπαθοῦσα, ἰσχυρά H. with εὐθενέστατος (pap. VIp), εὐθηνός `thriving' (Hdn. Epim. 175, Lyd. Ost. [VIp]).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The explanation depends of the relation between these forms. If the forms with - ε- are original, εὐθενέω will be a denominative of εὐθενής, to which was made the abstract εὐθένεια, - ία. We would have to start from a noun *θένος besie φόνος in the ἅπ. λεγ. φόνον αἵματος (Π 162), if this is `mass of blood', which is not certain, s. s. v. That would give *θένος: εὐθενής: εὐθένεια: εὐθενέω like μένος: εὐμενής: εὐμένεια: εὐμενέω. But εὐθενής is rare and late, while εὐθενέω is older. Then the agreement with Skt. ā-hanás- `thriving, full' (Bechtel Lex. 78f. with Fick BB 8, 330), IE *- gʷhenes- becomes doubtfull. To ā-hanás- and εὑ-θενής are further connected Skt. ghana- `solid, thick, full of' (ep. class.; very doubtfull RV. 1, 8, 3), NPers. ā-ganiš `full', ā-gandan `fill on'; from Balto-Slavic further Lith. ganà `enough', OCS goněti `be enough'; finally Alb. zânë `solid, thick', IE * gʷhen- (Jokl Mélanges Pedersen 131) and Arm. y-ogn `multum, very, much' (the last quite uncertain). Unclear are PN in - φόντης as Κρεσ-φόντης (cf. on κράτος), Πολυ-φόντης as well as φανᾶν θέλειν H. Far remain the unclear ἄφενος and παρθένος (s. vv.). The - η- in εὐθηνέω etc. can be old lengthened grade; secondary lengthening (after κτῆνος, μῆλα etc.?; Fraenkel Lexis 3, 61) cannot be excluded. - If we assume an original η-vowel, εὑθενέω could be a comparable derailment (after σθένος?; Sommer Lautstud. 66) or old weak grade (Schwyzer 340f.); Gr. *θῆνος has been compared with Lat. fēnus `produce' (to fē-līx, s. θῆλυς, and θῆ-σθαι) which could be phonetically and semantically identical (cf. Fick 1, 415, Froehde BB 21, 326f.), if the connection with Skt. ā-hanás- etc. is given up. - See Bq s. v., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. ganà.
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  • 26 καπνός

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `smoke, steam' (Il.).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-pi-ni-ja.
    Derivatives: Subst. 1. κάπνη (Com.), short form of καπνοδόκη; also = καπνιαῖος λίθος ( PHolm.; s. below); 2. καπνία for κάπνη (Moer. 292, Gloss.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 56); 3. καπνίας m. name a) of a wine, that got a special taste from smoke (Com.), b) a kind of jasper, = καπνίτης, from the colour (Dsc., Plin.), c) of the poet Ekphantides (Ar. V. 151; ` διὰ τὸ μηδεν λαμπρὸν γράφειν' H.). 4. καπνίτης m. name of a stone, from the colour (Alex. Trall.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), καπνῖτις f. plant name, `fumitory, Fumaria officinalis', from the smoke-coloured leaves (Ps.-Dsc.), also called κάπνιος and καπνός (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27, Redard 72). - Adject. 5. κάπνε(ι)ος (sc. ἄμπελος) f. `vine with smoke-coloured grapes' (Arist., Thphr., pap.); 6. καπνώδης `smokey, smoke-coloured' (Arist., Thphr., Plb.); 7. καπνηλός ` smoke-like' (Nic. Th. 54); 8. καπνιαῖος λίθος ` smoke-coloured quarz' ( PHolm.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. καπνίζω, aor. καπνίσ(σ)αι, also with prefix, ἀπο-, περι-, ὑπο-, `smoke, make smoke, be smoke-coloured' (Il.) with κάπνισις `exposure to smoke' (Arist.), κάπνισμα ` incense' (AP), καπνιστήριον `steam-bath?' (Priene); 2. καπνόομαι `vanish into smoke' (Pi., E.); 3. καπνιάω `smoke a bee-hive' (A. R. 2, 131), after θυμιάω; 4. καπνείω `let vanish into smoke, burn' (Nic. Th. 36). - Beside καπνός there is an aorist ἀπὸ ( δε ψυχην) ἐκάπυσσεν `breathe forth' (Χ 467; κάπυσσεν Q. S. 6, 523), with the present καπύσσων ἐκπνέων H.; the supposed basis seems preserved in κάπυς πνεῦμα H. (also κάπος ψυχή, πνεῦμα). Uncertain is the gloss, given in the wrong place, καπυκτά πνέοντα H.; connected with καπύσσων?, cf ἀλύω (s.v.) with ἀλύσσω s. The stem with υ- also in καπυρός `dry etc.', s. v.; uncertain is κέκηφε τέθνηκε H., κεκαφηότα (Hom.), s. v.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: An original *κϜαπ-νός (see Schwyzer 302; and s. below), but note that Myc. does not have a w, agrees with Lith. kvãpas `breath, smell'; beside it with ē-vowel kvėpiù,kvẽpti `gasp, breathe', Latv. kvêpstu, kvêpt `smoke, smell'; καπνός a. cogn. then seem to go back on IE. ku̯ep-. An old question is whether Lat. vapor `vapour, smoke' with v- for expected qu- is cognate. On the other hand Russ. kópotь `fine soot, dust' etc. presents a u̯-less form, which cannot be explained from Slavic. Finally Germ., e. g. Goth. af- ƕapjan `suffocate, extinguish', af- ƕapnan `extinguish' show a root-final p for f (b). "Man hat somit in den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zahlreichen, nicht unerwarteten Entgleisungen zu rechnen. (Frisk)" - More forms in Pok. 596f.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. vapor, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kvẽpti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kópotь. S. also Bq. - Schrijver (Laryng. in Latin, 260f.) assumed a laryngeal for Latvian, and posited * kuh₂ep-, a rare type that is perhaps impossible; also it is uncertain that this gave *κϜαπ-. IE origin, then, is improbable. * kap- is unprobelematic for Pre-Greek; an u-stem ( κάπυς) is frequent in Pre-Greek (s. Heubeck, Praegraeca 31-39), as is a suffix n- after consonant (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). The Baltic (and Slavic) forms, and Lat. vapor are unclear, and may come form a substr. language. (I do not assume * kʷap-, as this would give *κ(ϝ)οπ-, cf. ἄλοξ, καλαῦροψ.)
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  • 27 ὀϊζύ̄ς

    ὀϊζύ̄ς
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `bale, wailing, suffering' (Il.).
    Other forms: οἰζύ̄ς (trag., Herod.), - ύος.
    Compounds: πάν-οιζυς `consisting of nothing but wailing, filled with wailing' (A. in lyr.).
    Derivatives: ὀϊζῡ-ρός (- ρώτερος, - ρώτατος metr. length., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102 a. 258), sec. οἰζῠρός `woeful, miserable, poor' (ep. ion. Il., Ar.); ὀϊζύω (ῡ̆), aor. - ῦσαι `to wail, to suffer'.
    Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations].
    Etymology: Expressive word, finally from the interj. οἴ (Ion. ὀΐ after Ar. Pax 933), prob. through a verb οἴζω, ὀΐζω (only A.D. Adv 128, 7 ff.). Wrong explanations by Bq, Brugmann IF 29, 209, Schwyzer Glotta 5, 197 (cf. WP. 1, 667 n.). -- Cf. οἰμώζω and οἶκτος.
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  • 28 παπταίνω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to look around, to glance at smth.' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aor. παπτῆναι (- ᾶναι Pi.), fut. - ανέω.
    Compounds: Rarely w. ἀπο-, δια-, περι-.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: Intensive reduplicated formation πα-πτ-αίνω (to which analog. - ανέω, - ῆναι; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 375). Since long (Legerlotz KZ 8, 417) connected with some Cypriot H.glosses: ἰμπάταον ἔμβλεψον. Πάφιοι, ἰνκαπάταον ἐγκατάβλεψον. The here found aor. πατά-σαι may also be seen in καπατάς καθορῶν. παρὰ Εὔκλῳ H. (cod. κάπατας καθαρόν... Εὑηλῶν), if contracted from *πατάσας (Hoffmann Dial. 1, 118); diff. Bechtel Lex. 270 (with M. Schmidt): from pres. *πάτᾱμι. The form ἀνεπάταξεν ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνέβλεψεν, which stands beside it, one is prepared to consider as, `elevate (the eyes)' and to connect with πατάσσω; here further καπατᾶ κατακόψεις. Πάφιοι H., prob. with Hoffmann l.c. from *πατά-ω `beat' (in πάτα-γος, πατά-σσω). Is also πατά-σαι `glance', and finally also πα-πτ-αίνω semantiscally to be connected? Or the last to πέτομαι from fluttering around of the look? - The word can hardly be IE.
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  • 29 πέρυσι(ν)

    πέρυσι(ν)
    Grammatical information: adv.
    Meaning: `last year' (on the final Schwyzer 619; IA).
    Other forms: Dor. πέρυτι(ς).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. perusinuwo ? (with unexplained F; cf. Lejeune Rev. de phil. 81. 164, Risch Ét. Myc. 1956, 170).
    Derivatives: περυσινός `from last year, last-yearly' (Att.). Byform πέρσυ with περσυνός (inscr., pap.), prob. from πέρισυ, περισυνός (Gal.) through vowelsyncope; vowelmetathesis also in περ(ι)σύας m. `wine from last year' (Hp. ap. Gal. 19, 130); s. Schwyzer Glotta 5, 196, Kapsomenakis Voruntersuchungen 64 w. n 2.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [810 and 1175] * per, *u̯et- `year'
    Etymology: Old adverb of time, formally and semantically identical with Arm. heru, IE * peruti; to the same form go back also Germ. a. Celt. forms: OWNo. i fjorð, MHG vert `id.', OIr. ónn-urid `ab anno priore'. Beside it without final -i Skt. parút `last year'. Prob. compound: IE * per-ut(i), from the zero grade of the words for `year' (s. ἔτος) in the loc. (acc.?) sg. (s. Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 708; cf. Schwyzer 622 w. n. 3) and a word for `previous, last' v. s., which is found also in Lith. pérnai `last year', MHG vern `id.' and finally is identical with IE per- in πέρᾱ (s. v.) etc.. WP. 1, 251 and 2, 31, Pok. 810f. and 1175.
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  • 30 πιττάκιον

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `writing table, leaflet, note, letter, label etc.', also `list of members, society' (Dinol., Plb., hell., pap. a. inscr.)
    Compounds: πιττακι-άρχης m. `chairman of the society'.
    Derivatives: Dimin. - ίδιον n. and - ίζω `to label' (Pap.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Thrac.
    Etymology: Origin unknown; supposition in Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter 51 ff.: first from Lesbos (cf. Πίττακος), finally Thracian. Both πίσσα (Bq) and πεττύκια (s. πίσυγγος) remain far. Lat. LW [loanword] pittacium; cf. W.-Hofmann s.v.
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  • 31 πόρσω

    Grammatical information: adv.
    Meaning: `forward, beyond, far away from something, away' (Pi., trag. in lyr.).
    Other forms: πόρρω (Att.) - Comp.forms: πόρσ-ιον, - ιστα (Pi.; Seiler 106f.); πορρω-τέρω, - τάτω (Att.). Adv. πόρσω-θεν (Archyt.), πόρρω-θεν (Att.) `from far away'.
    Derivatives: Prob. as denomin.: 1. πορσ-ύνω, also w. ἐπι-, συν-, prop. `to bring forward'?, i.e. `to accomplish, to provide' (ep. Ion., also X.); 2. - αίνω `id.' (Hom. as v. l., h. Cer., Pi.); rejected by Forbes Glotta 36, 261; on the formation Debrunner IF 21, 65 a. 87.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [815 = 810] * per, preti, proti `forward'
    Etymology: Formation like ἄνω, κάτω a.o, prob. as frozen instrumental (Schwyzer 550); can be identical with Lat. porrō (for * porsō), Praen. porod `forward'. Further analysis uncertain; finally to the great group of πέρας, πείρω (s. vv.), πόρος a.o. Cf. also Forbes, Glotta 36, 261. -- Besides πρόσω, s. v.; also πρός. -- Chantr. prefers to derive πόρσω from πρόσω, with metathesis of the syllable with the liquid.
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  • 32 πρῳ̃ρα

    πρῳ̃ρα
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `forepart of a ship, prow, bow' ( μ 230: gen. πρῴρης, attribut. to νηός).
    Other forms: Ion. second. πρῴρη after πρύμνη.
    Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. κυανό-πρῳρος `dark-bowed' (Hom., B.), - πρῴρειος (γ 299, enlargement at verse-end; Risch $ 48 d), -πρώϊρα f. (Simon.241; explanation uncertain, cf. bel.).
    Derivatives: πρῴρ-ᾱθε(ν), - ηθε(ν) `from the bow, at the bow' (Pi., Th.); - εύς m. `second-steerman' (X., D., Arist.), also PN (θ 113; Bosshardt 55 a. 121); - άτης m. `id.' (S., X.: πρυμνήτης, κυβερνήτης; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 206) with - ατικός `concerning the prow' (pap., Poll.), - ατεύω `to be second-steerman' (Att., hell.); - ήσια pl. n. `uppermost points on starbord' (EM: πρυμνήσια); ptc. aor. πρῳ ράσαντες κροτήσαντες. ἡ δε μεταφορὰ ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν καὶ τῆς εἰρεσίας H., cf. Men. Sikyon. 421 Kassel.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [813?] *prō (or *pr̥h₃-)u̯(e)r-i̯h₂ `forepart of a ship'
    Etymology: As old ι̯α-deriv. πρῳ̃ρα can be contracted from *πρώϜαρ-ι̯α or *πρώϜερ-ι̯α; cf. on the one hand πίειρα, πέπειρα, on the other χίμαιρα, γέραιρα a.o. Whether in κυανο-πρώϊραν (Simon. 241) an old uncontracted form *πρώειραν is preserved (Hdn. 2, 410), is unclear. The besides to be posited masc. *πρώϜων (cf. πίων, πέπων) can be found in πρών (s.v.). With *πρώ-Ϝων could be equated except for the n-stem Skt. pū́r-va- `the foremost, earlier', Toch. B pär-we `first', OCS prъ-vъ `the first'; on ρω beside Skt. ūr Schwyzer 361 (diff. WP. 2, 38, where in its place the Germ. word for `lord, lady', e.g. Goth. frauja, OHG frouwa is adduced). Details (partly diff.) in Schulze Q. 486f., Bechtel Lex. s.v. πρῶιρα and πρώων, πρών, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 5. Finally to the great group of προ, s.v. -- Lat. LW [loanword] prōra, prōreta (from Ion. *πρῳρήτης); s. W.-Hofmann s.v.
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  • 33 σάπων

    σάπων, - ωνος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `soap'
    Derivatives: with - ώνιον n. `id.', - ωναρικός `soap-like, belonging to s.' (late medic. a. o.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.X
    Etymology: Acc. to usual assumption from Lat. sāpō `id.' (since Plin.), which comes finally from Germ. (OHG seifa, OE sāpe etc.); s. W.-Hofmann s. v. with further lit. Diff. André Ét. celt. 7, 348 ff.: σάπων not from Lat. sāpō, but from Anatolian Celtic; very well possible.
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  • 34 σκόλοψ

    σκόλοψ, - οπος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `pointed pole, palisade, prickle' (ep. ion. poet. Il., hell. a. late prose; Att. χάραξ, σταυρός, - ωμα).
    Derivatives: Dimin. σκολόπ-ιον n. (Antyll. ap. Orib.), - ηὶς μοῖρα `the destiny of being impaled' (Man.; after βασιλ-ηΐς a.o.); - ίζω `provide with σ.' ( Stad.) wit - ισμός m. `the impaling, the spearing' (Vett. Val.); often with ἀνα- `to stick on a pole, to impale' (Hdt. a. o.) with - ισις f. (sch., Eust.), ἀπο σκόλοψ `to remove the poles' (Aq.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Finally to the great family of σκάλλω (s. v.). As the labial can belong to the stem, σκόλοψ can first be connected with Lat. scalpō `scratch, cut with a sharp instrument etc.'; to this may be joined several words with varying meaning, partly also with varying form, e.g. OHG scelifa `membranous shell', Lith. sklem̃pti, sklem̃bti `plane smooth, cut oblique, sprinkle' etc., s. Bq s. σκάλοψ, WP. 2, 595, Pok. 926, W.-Hofmann s. scalpō. The dissillabicity of σκόλοψ is rather due to adaptation to the nouns in - οψ (a sequence *-ολψ or *-ορψ is unknown in Greek) than with Bechtel Lex. s. v. to a disyllabic root form [?] -- Beside σκόλοψ stands in quite different meaning σκάλοψ, - οπος m. `mole' (Ar. Ach. 879; also Cratin. 93 [- ωψ]) with σκαλοπία f. `mole-track' (Thphr. HP 7, 12, 3; tradit.. σκολ-, s. Scheller Oxytonierung 47 f.), clearly from σκάλλω with the in animal-names usual οπ-suffix (final); we may have to do with a folketym. justification of untransparent σπάλαξ (s. ἀσπάλαξ with a quite hypothetic etym.); s. Grégoire Byzantion 32, 32ff. -- As the variant with - φρ- shows, we have to do with a Pre-Greek word (influence of δίφρος is far-fatched); cf. Furnée 107. Words for `pole' etc. are often taken over from a substrate language. (Not in Furnée.)
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  • 35 σπεῖρα

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `twist, for instance of a snake, of a network, spiral', des. of everal wound or cicular objetcs, e.g. `rope, belt, bead, round base of a pillar' (Ion. poet., also hell. a. late prose; v.l. ζ 269); also as military term = Lat. manipulus (hell.; on the explanation [prop. `bundle'] Debrunner IF 48, 244), later = cohors (inscr. a. pap., Act. Ap. a.o.).
    Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σπειρο-κέφαλον n. `base and capital of a column', ὑπό-σπειρον n. "what lies under the round base", `square slab, πλίνθος' (inscr.).
    Derivatives: 1. σπειρ-ίον n. `little column base' (Hero); 2. - ικός `belonging to a σ.' (Hero); 3. - ίτης (sc. λίθος) `stone for a column base' (inscr. Didyma; Redard 64 w. n. 26, with other interpretation); 4. - αία f. `privet' (Thphr.; from the form of the inflorescence); 5. - ηδόν `in convolutions, in a circle' (Opp., AP). 6. denom. verb σπειρ-άομαι, also w. περι- a. o., `to convolve' (hell. a. late), older συ-σπειράομαι `to wind, to pull together' (Pl., X., Arist. a. o.), also act. συ-, περι-σπειράω `to wind, to pull together' (hell. pap., D.S. a.o.); from this σπείρ-ᾱμα, Ion. - ημα n. `twist, for instance of a snake, band etc.' (A., Arist., Nic. a.o.; also enlarged from σπεῖρα? Chantraine Form. 184). 7. Also ( συ-) σπειρόομαι `to wind (together)' (Hp., Thphr.), act. aor. σπειρῶσαι `to swathe' (Call.; from σπεῖρον?).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [991] * sper- `turn, wind'
    Etymology: Like πεῖρα, στεῖρα, μοῖρα feminine ια-derivation; whether first from a noun or verb, cannot be decided (cf. Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Finally in any case from the same verb `wind, twine', which is seen in σπάρτον, σπεῖρον and σπάργανον(?). The primary verb was replaced partly by the secondary σπειράομαι, σπαργανόω, partly by other verbs like εἰλέω, εἰλύω.
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  • 36 σπυρθίζω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Other forms: ' ἀνασκιρτῶ'.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Finally to σπαίρω a. cogn. with υ-vowel as representative of the zero grade and expressive θ-enlargement (s. on μόχθος). Forms from IE * sperdh- with similar meanings occur also in Indo-Iran. and German., e.g. Skt. spárdhate `compete, dispute', spr̥dh- f. `competition, dispute' = Germ., e.g. Got. spaūrds f., OE spyrd m. `running-match, course', also OWNo. sporđr m. `tail of a fish, of a snake, a lizard' ("the sprawling, the twitching one") etc; s. WP. 2, 675f. and Feist Vgl. Wb. s. spaúrds w. lit. (a. o. Persson Beitr. 2, 656f.).
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  • 37 στόρθυγξ

    στόρθυγξ, - υγγος
    Grammatical information: m. f.
    Meaning: `cusp, tine (of an antler), fang, cape etc.' (S., Com. Adesp., Lyc., AP a.o.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S)
    Etymology: Like the synonym στόνυξ an isolated poetic word with formation like φάρυγξ, σπῆλυγξ, σπόρθυγγες (s. σπύραθοι) a.o. from στόρθη τὸ ὀξὑ τοῦ δόρατος, καὶ ἐπιδορατίς H., which differs from OWNo. stirðr `stiff, unbending', storð f. `grass, green stalk' (IE * sterdh- or stert-, resp. str̥dh-, str̥t-) only in ablaut. Beside it with IE -d- a.o. OWNo. stertr m. `bird's tail', OHG a. NHG Sterz. Further forms w. lit. in Bq and WP 2, 630, Pok. 1023f. -- Finally to στερεός etc. (s. v.). -- No doubt a Pre-Greek word. (The etym. proposed has nothing to recommend it.) (Not in Furnée.)
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  • 38 Εὔρῑπος

    Εὔρῑπος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `straits, narrows' (X., Arist.); esp. the straits between Euboea and Boeotia (h. Ap. 222, Hdt.); later also`canal' in gen. (D. H.); `ventilator, fan' (Gal. 10, 649).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. Place name Ewiripo
    Derivatives: εὑριπώδης `like straits or the Euripos' etc. (Arist.); εὑριπίδης name of a wind, blowing from the Euripos (E. Maaß KZ 41, 204 acc. to H. s. ++ ἄντος); also PN; εὑριπική ( σχοῖνος Dsc., Plin.); Εὑρίπιος Ποσειδῶν H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Prop. `with strong current', from εὖ and ῥιπή (Fick BB 22, 11). So originally the name of the straits between Euboea and Boeotia, which is well known for its stong water- and wind-currents; from there referred to other narrows, and finally used as appellative; cf. the parallel development of δέλτα. Not with Pedersen Studi baltici 4, 152 and Hofmann Et. Wb. d. Gr. to Lith. siaũras `narrow(s)' and the IE word for `water', *ā̆p-, i.e. * seuri-h₂p-o-, with * seuro- `mall'; s. Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237. Older interpretations in Bq. Forssmann, MSS 49 (1988) 5-12 assumed * h₁uru-h₂p-o- `with broad water(s)'. In both cases the meaning does not fit (note that * h₂ep- is rather a river, or the vowel is wrong. This makes the possibility greater that the word is Pre-Greek (the long -i- in this position is typical for Pre-Greek forms, cf. Beekes. Pre-Greek s.v. -ῑβ-, -ῑγ-, ῑδ-, -ῑθ-, -ῑν-). Thus Sommer IF 55, 185 n. 1 (like Εὑρώπη, Εὑρώτας). - In the meaning of `ventilator, fan' in Gal. εὔριπος is prob. a homonym (to ῥιπή as `blow').
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  • 39 Δαμασκός

    Δαμασκός, οῦ, ἡ (דַּמֶּשֶׂק Gen 14:15 al.; Just., D. 78, 10 al.) Damascus (Diod S 19, 100, 5 Δ. τῆς Συρίας; Nicol. Dam. in Jos., Ant. 7, 101; Strabo, Joseph.), capital of Coelesyria w. a large Jewish population (Jos., Bell. 2, 561; 7, 368). The city belonged to the Seleucids, the Nabataeans, and finally to the Romans (Schürer II 127–29). Ac 9:2ff; 22:5f, 10f; 26:12, 20; 2 Cor 11:32; Gal 1:17.—HvKiesling, Damaskus, Altes u. Neues aus Syrien 1919; CWatzinger u. KWulzinger, Damaskus 1921; IBenzinger, Pauly-W. IV 1901, 2042–48; LJalabert, Dict. d’Arch. IV 119ff; JSauvaget, Esquisse d’une histoire de la ville de Damas ’35. On the political situation reflected in 2 Cor 11:32 s. ESchwartz, NGG 1906, 367f; 1907, 275; Schürer I 581f; II 97; 129f; Zahn, NKZ 15, 1904, 34; UKahrstedt, Syr. Territorien in hellenist. Zeit 1926; Kl-Pauly I 1371–73; BHHW I 313–15.—S. Ἁρέτας.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Δαμασκός

  • 40 εἰς

    εἰς prep. w. acc. (Hom.+; s. the lit. under ἀνά, beg., also ATheimer, Die Präp. εἰς, ἐν, ἐκ im NT: Progr. z. 24. u. 29. Jahresbericht des niederösterr. Landes-Real-u. Obergymnasiums Horn 1896; 1901; AOepke, TW II 418–32), indicating motion into a thing or into its immediate vicinity or relation to something.
    ① extension involving a goal or place, into, in, toward, to
    ⓐ into, toward, to after verbs of going, or those that include motion toward a place (also after subst. as ἄφιξις Tat. 37, 1 or πορεία 38, 1); so after ἄγω, ἀκολουθέω, ἀναβαίνω, ἀνάγω, ἀναχωρέω, ἀνέρχομαι, ἄπειμι, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀποδημέω, ἀποπλέω, γίνομαι δεῦρο, διαβαίνω, διαπεράω, διασῴζω, διέρχομαι, διώκω, εἰσάγω, εἴσειμι, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσπορεύομαι, ἐκπηδάω, ἐκπλέω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐνδύνω, ἐξέρχομαι, ἐπανάγω, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιστρέφω, ἔρχομαι (s. Goodsp., Probs. 56f), εὐθυδρομέω, ἥκω, καθίζω, καταβαίνω (s. Goodsp., Probs. 52–54), κατάγομαι, καταντάω, καταπλέω, καταφεύγω, κατέρχομαι, μεταβαίνω, ὁρμάω, παραβάλλω, παραγίνομαι, πέτομαι, πλέω, πορείαν ποιοῦμαι, πορεύομαι, προάγω, συμβάλλω, συνάγομαι, συναναβαίνω, συνέρχομαι, ὑπάγω, ὑποστρέφω, ὑποχωρέω, φεύγω, χωρέω; s. these entries.
    α. extension toward, in the direction of, a specific place to be reached. Hence w. nouns that denote an accessible place εἰς τὸν οἶκον into the house Mt 9:7; synagogue Ac 17:10; heaven Lk 2:15; abyss 8:31. φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρη Mk 13:14. W. names of places and countries to Spain Ro 15:24, 28. εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ vs. 25 al. Also on, in εἰς (τὰς) ὁδούς Lk 14:23; Mt 10:5, 10; εἰς ὁδόν Mk 6:8; 10:17. εἰς ἀγρόν 16:12. In another sense ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὸ ὄρος 3:13; Mt 15:29.—In the vicinity of, near, to (Jos., Vi. 115 εἰς τ. κώμην) εἰς (τὴν) θάλασσαν Mk 7:31; 3:7 v.l.; Mt 17:27. εἰς πόλιν (Hdt. 2, 169; 4, 200, 1; Diod S 15, 32, 2 παραγενόμενος εἰς πόλιν) J 4:5; cp. vs. 28. εἰς τό μνημεῖον 11:31, 38; 20:1, 3f (cp. vs. 6). ἐγγίζειν εἰς (Tob 11:1) Mt 21:1; Mk 11:1; Lk 18:35; 19:29. εἰς τοὺς φραγμούς to the hedges 14:23. κλίνειν τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς τ. γῆν toward the ground 24:5.
    β. with focus on the area within the point reached. After verbs of sending, moving, etc., which result in movement or include a movement of the body to, into, among εἰς τὴν πόλιν into the city Mt 26:18 al.; boat Mt 8:23; J 6:17; world J 1:9; εἰς τ. ναόν 2 Th 2:4; εἰς (τὸ) μέσον (Sir 27:12; cp. 48:17): ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον (X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1), he (came and) stood among them J 20:19, 26; cp. Mk 14:60; Lk 6:8, also ἔγειρε εἰς τὸ μ. get up and come here Mk 3:3.—δέχεσθαι εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας take in (into) one’s arms Lk 2:28 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 28).
    γ. of movement directed at a surface of an area on, in: of striking (PRyl 145, 13f [38 A.D.] ἔδωκεν πληγὰς πλείους εἰς πᾶν μέρος τοῦ σώματος=gave many blows all over his body; cp. PTebt 39, 32) τύπτειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν on the head Mt 27:30 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4 ἐμβάλλειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν). ῥαπίζειν εἰς τὴν σιαγόνα on the cheek 5:39.—εἰς τ. ὄμματα Mk 8:23; εἰς τ. ὁδόν 11:8; ἀναπίπτειν εἰς τ. ἔσχατον τόπον sit in the lowest place Lk 14:10; cp. vs. 8. εἰς τὴν χεῖρα, τοὺς πόδας on his hand, his feet Lk 15:22.
    δ. of a position within a certain area be at, be in, be on εἰς is freq. used where ἐν would be expected (s. 1bβ below; for Mark usage s. JO’Rourke, JBL 85, ’66, 349–51)—(Hdt. 7, 239, 1; Diod S 13, 101, 3; 20, 30, 2; Vett. Val. index III p. 394b; PTebt 38, 14 [113 B.C.] εἰς ὸ̔ν ἐνοικεῖ … οἶκον; POxy 294, 6 [22 A.D.]; 929, 12; BGU 385, 5; 423, 7; Kaibel 134; LXX. Cp. GHatzidakis, Einl. in die neugr. Gramm. 1892, 210f; Mlt. 62f, 234f; Rob. 592f; Rdm.2 14; 140; B-D-F §205; EOldenburger, De Or. Sib. Elocutione, diss. Rostock 1903, 26ff) εἰς τ. κοίτην εἶναι Lk 11:7. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Mk 10:10. οἱ εἰς τ. οἶκόν μου (ὄντες) Lk 9:61. οἱ εἰς μακρὰν (ὄντες) Ac 2:39. καθημένου εἰς τὸ ὄρος Mk 13:3 (cp. Musonius 43, 18 H. καθῆσθαι εἰς Σινώπην). ὁ εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν (ὤν) he who is in the field 13:16. γίνεσθαι εἰς τὴν Καφαρναούμ happen in Capernaum Lk 4:23. εἰς συναγωγὰς δαρήσεσθε you will be beaten in the synagogues Mk 13:9. εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον he found himself in A. Ac 8:40 (cp. Esth 1:5 τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τοῖς εὑρεθεῖσιν εἰς τ. πόλιν; Gen 37:17). ἀποθανεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 21:13 (cp. Aelian, VH 7, 8 Ἡφαιστίων εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀπέθανε). κατοικεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 2:5; cp. Mt 2:23; 4:13; Ac 7:4; Hb 11:9 (cp. Thu. 2, 102, 6; X., An. 1, 2, 24; Num 35:33; 2 Ch 19:4). χάριν, εἰς ἣν στῆτε the favor in which you stand 1 Pt 5:12. ἔχειν βιβλίον εἰς τὰς χεῖρας have a book in one’s hands Hv 1, 2, 2. πηλὸς γάρ ἐσμεν εἰς την χεῖρα τοῦ τεχνίτου for we are clay in the hand of the artisan. εἰς ταύτην τὴν πόλιν in this city 2, 4, 3 al.—εἰς=at or on (BGU 845, 20f; τραπέζας … εἰς ἃς ἤσθιον οἱ πτωχοί TestJob 25:5) ὁ ὢν εἰς τ. κόλπον τ. πατρός who leans on the breast (or reclines in the lap) of the Father (=who is on intimate terms w. the Father, s. κόλπος) J 1:18. In AcPlCor 2:35 the prepositions εἰς and ἐν appear to be carefully distinguished: τὰ δεσμὰ εἰς τὰς χείρας ἔχω … καὶ τὰ στίγματα ἐν τῷ σώματί μου.
    ε. of presence in an area determined by other objects, esp. after verbs of sending, moving, etc. including ἀπολύω, ἀποστέλλω, βάλλω, βαπτίζω, δέχομαι, δίδωμι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπέμπω, ἐκχέω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐξαποστέλλω, καθίημι, μεταπέμπομαι, παρακύπτω, πέμπω, χαλάω; s. these entries. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς fall among robbers Lk 10:36. εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mk 4:7; εἰς τ. λαόν Ac 4:17 et al., where the transl. depends on the verb in question. πνεύματος ἁγίου … ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (Μαρίαν) sent into her AcPlCor 2:5; cp. 2:10 ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας into the prophets; 2:14 κατέπεμψε … εἰς Μαρίαν.—ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the tribunal GJs 15:2 (difft. J 20:19, 26, s. 1aβ).
    ⓑ of direction toward something without ref. to bodily motion.
    α. w. verbs of looking (fr. Od. 10, 37; Il. 3, 364; LXX) ἀναβλέπειν εἴς τι look up toward someth. (2 Macc 7:28; Sus 35 Theod.) Mk 6:41; Lk 9:16; Ac 22:13; cp. ἀτενίζω, βλέπω, ἐμβλέπω, ὁράω (Just., D. 112, 1).—ἐπαίρειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴς τινα raise one’s eyes toward someone Lk 6:20.
    β. after verbs of saying, teaching, proclaiming, preaching, etc. (Trag.; Hdt. 8:26, 3; Thu. 1, 72, 2; 5, 45, 1 and many later wr., incl. LXX) λαλεῖν εἰς τ. κόσμον say to the world J 8:26. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον εἰς ὅλον τ. κόσμον the gospel in the whole world Mk 14:9. εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 13:10; Lk 24:47. εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Th 2:9. εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:16; 1 Pt 1:25; γνωρίζειν Ro 16:26. ἀπαγγέλλειν τι εἴς τινα Mk 5:14; Lk 8:34. διαμαρτύρεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, μαρτυρεῖν εἰς Ῥώμην bear witness in Jerusalem, Rome Ac 23:11. ἵνα εἰς Νινευὴ μὴ κηρύξῃ AcPlCor 2:29. In these and similar cases εἰς approaches ἐν in mng.; s. 1aδ.
    γ. The same is true of βαπτίζεσθαι εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mk 1:9 and νίπτεσθαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν J 9:7; these expr. look like exx. of the interchange of εἰς and ἐν, but were orig. formed on the analogy of X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5 ἀποκαθαίρει τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὰ χειρόμακτρα= lit. ‘into the towels’; cp. Epict. 3, 22, 71 ἵνʼ αὐτὸ (sc. τὸ παιδίον) λούσῃ εἰς σκάφην; Alciphron, Ep. 3, 7, 1; Athen. 10, 438e.
    ② extension in time, to, until, on
    ⓐ w. indication of specific time
    α. up to which someth. continues εἰς τέλος to the end (Epict. 1, 7, 17) Mt 10:22; 24:13; Mk 13:13. εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν until that day 2 Ti 1:12 (Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμέραν). εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ Phil 1:10. εἰς Χριστόν until the coming of the Messiah Gal 3:24.
    β. for or on which someth. happens μεριμνᾶν εἰς τὴν αὔριον be anxious for tomorrow Mt 6:34; cp. Hs 6, 5, 3; εἰς τὸ μέλλον for the future 1 Ti 6:19. εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον on the next Sabbath Ac 13:42. εἰς ἡμέραν (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.]) for the day Phil 2:16; cp. Eph 4:30; Rv 9:15.
    γ. at which someth. takes place (Appian, Mithrid. 74 §321 ἐς ἑσπέραν=in the evening; Epict. 4, 10, 31 αὔριον ἢ εἰς τὴν τρίτην; En 1:1 οἵτινες ἔσονται εἰς ἡμέραν ἀνάγκης) εἰς τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῶν in their time Lk 1:20; εἰς τὸ μέλλον in the future 13:9. εἰς τέλος in the end, finally (Hdt. 3, 403; Gen 46:4; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 18, 2) 18:5 (B-D-F §207, 3 prefers mng. 3 below and ὑπωπιάζω 3; s. also Mlt-Turner 266). εἰς τὸ πάλιν=πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2; s. Schmid I 167; II 129; III 282; IV 455; 625. εἰς ταχεῖαν soon AcPlCor 2:3.
    ⓑ to indicate duration of time for, throughout (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 16 Jac. εἰς νύκτα; Arrian, Anab. 4, 30, 1 ἐς τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Just., D. 2, 5 εἰς μακρὰν for a long time) εἰς ἔτη πολλά for many years Lk 12:19. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (αἰών 1b) forever Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; Lk 1:33; J 8:35 and oft. εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος to the day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18. εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς for generation after generation Lk 1:50. εἰς τὸ διηνεκές forever Hb 7:3; 10:1, 12, 14 (cp. Thu. 2, 64, 3 ἐς ἀί̈διον).
    ③ marker of degree, up to: εἰς τέλος completely, fully, absolutely (s. Just, A I, 44, 12 and on τέλος 2bγ) 1 Th 2:16; B 4:7; 19:11; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 2, 3; Hs 8, 6, 4; 8, 8, 5; 8, 9, 3.—J 13:1 combines in εἰς τέλος the mngs. to the end (s. 2aα above) and to the uttermost (cp. Appian, Mithrid. 58 §239 ἡμῶν ἀμυναμένων ἤδη καὶ ἀμυνουμένων ἐς τέλος=we have defended ourselves up to now and will defend ourselves ἐς τέλος). εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 2 Cor 10:13, 15 (cp. PVat A 12=Witkowski 36, 12 [168 B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα). εἰς περισσείαν 10:15. εἰς ὑπερβολήν (Eur., Hipp. 939; Aeschin., F. Leg. 4) 4:17. εἰς τὸ παντελές (q.v. 2) Lk 13:11; Hb 7:25 (Tat. 6, 1).
    ④ marker of goals involving affective/abstract/suitability aspects, into, to
    ⓐ of entry into a state of being w. verbs of going, coming, leading, etc., used in a fig. sense: ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον Mt 25:46 (cp. Sir 41:10). εἰσφέρειν εἰς πειρασμόν 6:13. πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον Lk 22:33. ὑπάγειν εἰς ἀπώλειαν Rv 17:8, 11. βάλλειν εἰς θλῖψιν 2:22. παραδιδόναι εἰς θλῖψιν Mt 24:9; cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Lk 24:20. συγκλείειν εἰς ἀπείθειαν Ro 11:32. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς κρίμα 1 Ti 3:6f; cp. 6:9 (and Ath. 24, 5 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν πεσόντες παρθένων). ἄγειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Ro 2:4; cp. Hb 2:10 εἰς δόξαν. (Just., A I, 10, 4 εἰς πίστιν; 42, 11 εἰς ἐπίστασιν καὶ ἀνάμνησιν.) αἰχμαλωτίζειν εἰς ὑπακοήν 2 Cor 10:5. ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Hb 6:6; cp. 2:10. Sim. ἀπάγω, ἀποβαίνω, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσφέρω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐλευθερόω, ἐπιστρέφω, κατευθύνω, μεταβαίνω, ὁδηγέω et al.; s. these entries.
    ⓑ of change from one state to another w. verbs of changing: στρέφειν (Esth 4:17h; 1 Macc 1:39), μεταστρέφειν (Sir 11:31; 1 Macc 9:41; 3 Macc 6:22) τι εἴς τι Rv 11:6; Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Js 4:9. μεταλλάσσειν Ro 1:26. μετασχηματίζεσθαι (q.v. 2) 2 Cor 11:13f; μετατίθεσθαι εἰς turn away to Gal 1:6.
    ⓒ of actions or feelings directed in someone’s direction in hostile or friendly sense (Thu. 1, 38; 66; 130; X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5; Paus. 7, 9, 3; 7, 10, 2; Aelian, VH 11, 10).
    α. in a hostile sense (Arrian, Anab. 1, 1, 4; PEleph 1, 9 [311/310 B.C.] κακοτεχνεῖν εἰς Δημητρίαν; UPZ 170b, 47 [127 B.C.]): ἁμαρτάνειν εἴς τινα (Herodian 7, 9, 11; EpJer 12; Jdth 5:20; 11:10) sin against someone Lk 15:18, 21. βλασφημεῖν εἴς τινα (Bel 8 Theod.; Just., D. 122, 2) defame someone Mk 3:29; Lk 12:10; 22:65; θαρρεῖν εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:1. ψεύδεσθαι εἴς τινα (Sus 55; 59 Theod.) Col 3:9. Also w. nouns and adj. (Paus. 7, 8, 4; PFay 12, 7 [c. 103 B.C.] ἀδικήματα εἴς με; En 97:7 μνημόσυνον εἰς ὑμᾶς κακόν) Ac 6:11; 23:30; Ro 8:7.
    β. in a friendly sense: μακροθυμεῖν 2 Pt 3:9. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Ro 12:16. So also πιστεύειν εἴς τινα trust or believe in someone Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42 and oft. (s. πιστεύω 1aε). Also w. nouns (OGI 49, 10 [III B.C.] φιλοτιμία εἰς; 51, 4; UPZ 22, 18 [162 B.C.]; 39, 5 εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβεια; 2 Macc 9:26 εὔνοια; Tat. 16:2 τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς [δαίμονας] θρησκείας) ἀγάπη Ro 5:8; 2 Cor 2:4, 8; Col 1:4; 1 Th 3:12. ἐλπίς (2 Macc 9:20; Synes., Ep. 104 p. 264a εἰς τὸν κομήτην ἐ.) Ac 24:15. κοινωνία Phil 1:5 (Tat. 18, 2); πεποίθησις 2 Cor 8:22. δύναμις Eph 1:19. πίστις (Jos., Ant. 16, 48; 18, 334) Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5; and adj. φιλόξενος 1 Pt 4:9; χρηστός Eph 4:32. διακονία Ro 15:31 (cp. the v.l. Ac 12:25 and s. JDupont, NovT 1, ’56, 275–303); 2 Cor 8:4. The context of 1 Pt 1:11 suggests consolation of Christians for the sufferings they endure in a hostile environment, hence REB: sufferings in Christ’s cause; for εἰς Χρ. construed genitivally (UPZ 180a II, 2 [113 B.C.] χωρὶς τοῦ εἰς αὐτὴν οἴκου; PTebt 16:9f contains a restoration of εἰς) s. NRSV ‘sufferings destined for Christ’ (for a parallel expr. in a hostile sense cp. Polyb. 1, 7, 12 τῆς εἰς ἐκείνους τιμωρίας; 1, 69, 7; 38, 1 [4], 13; s. [s.v. ἀνά beg.] Kuhring 13; Rudberg 201).
    ⓓ w. the vocation, use, or end indicated for, as: αἱρέομαι εἴς τι 2 Th 2:13. ἀφορίζω Ro 1:1; Ac 13:2. προγράφω Ro 15:4; Jd 4. ἀποστέλλω Hb 1:14. πέμπω Phil 4:16; 1 Th 3:2, 5. ποιῶ τι εἰς 1 Cor 10:31; 11:24. S. also under κεῖμαι, προορίζω, τάσσω, τίθημι.—εἰμὶ εἴς τι serve as someth. (s. εἰμί 6; also ins 134, 33ff fr. the Delphinion at Miletus [I A.D.] 1914; s. Dssm., LO 97, 1 [LAE 123]; Ar. 5, 1 ὕδωρ … εἰς χρῆσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων γέγονε) 1 Cor 14:22; for destruction Col 2:22; as a testimony Js 5:3. Used w. a noun σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἀτιμίαν a vessel meant for honorable, dishonorable use Ro 9:21; cp. vs. 22f; 2 Ti 2:20f; φύλλα τοῦ ξύλου εἰς θεραπείαν Rv 22:2. φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν a light serving as a revelation Lk 2:32. θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων a servant to bear witness to what would be said Hb 3:5. (Cp. Just., A I, 66, 1 τὸ … εἰς ἀναγέννησιν λουτρόν). W. acc. of pers. (Just., A II, 12, 4 συκοφαντίᾳ τῇ εἰς ἡμᾶς; Tat. 17, 3 τὴν εἰς τοὺς μεμηνότας βοήθειαν) ἡ εἰς ὑμᾶς χάρις the grace meant for you 1 Pt 1:10. διδόναι εἴς τι pay out for someth., money for a field Mt 27:10.
    ⓔ w. the result of an action or condition indicated into, to, so that: αὐξάνειν εἰς ναόν grow into a temple Eph 2:21. πληροῦσθαι εἴς τι 3:19. λυπηθῆναι εἰς μετάνοιαν be grieved so that repentance takes place 2 Cor 7:9. Of prayer ἀναβαίνειν εἰς μνημόσυνον Ac 10:4. ὁμολογεῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν confess to salvation = so as to receive salvation Ro 10:10; cp. 1:16; 1 Pt 2:2; εἰς ἔπαινον κτλ. to praise etc. 1 Pt 1:7; εἰς βοήθειαν (1 Ch 12:17; Jdth 6:21; JosAs 23:4) Hb 4:16; cp. 10:39; Rv 13:3; Ro 6:16; 8:15; 13:4, 14; 1 Cor 11:34; 2 Cor 2:16 al.; εἰς κενόν (s. κενός 3) 2 Cor 6:1; Gal 2:2; Phil 2:16; 1 Th 3:5. σχίζειν εἰς δύο tear in two Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38. Cp. GPt 5:20 (cp. Polyb. 2, 16, 11; Lucian, Symp. 44, Tox. 54; 1 Km 15:29; Tob 5:3 S; 1 Macc 9:11; Ath. 18, 3 ᾠὸν … εἰς δύο ἐρράγη). W. subst. inf. foll. so that Ro 1:20; 3:26; 4:18; 6:12; 7:4; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 2:10f; Hb 11:3 al.
    ⓕ to denote purpose in order to, to (Appian, Liby. 101 §476 ἐς ἔκπληξιν=in order to frighten; Just., A I, 21, 4 εἰς προτροπήν ‘to spur on’) εἰς ἄγραν in order to catch someth. Lk 5:4. εἰς ἀπάντησιν, συνάντησιν, ὑπάντησίν τινι (s. these 3 entries) to meet someone, toward someone Mt 8:34; 25:1; J 12:13. εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς as a witness, i.e. proof, to them Mt 8:4; 10:18; 24:14 al. εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν for forgiveness of sins, so that sins might be forgiven Mt 26:28; cp. Mk 1:4; Lk 3:3; Ac 2:38. εἰς μνημόσυνόν τινος in memory of someone Mt 26:13; Mk 14:9; cp. Lk 22:19 al. (εἰς μνημόσυνον En 99:3). εἰς ὅ for which purpose (Hdt. 2, 103, 1) Col 1:29; otherw. 2 Th 1:11 with this in view; εἰς τί; why? (Wsd 4:17; Sir 39:16, 21) Mt 14:31; Mk 14:4; 15:34; Hm 2:5; D 1:5. εἰς τοῦτο for this reason or purpose Mk 1:38; Lk 4:43 v.l.; J 18:37; Ac 9:21; 26:16; Ro 9:17; 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9; 1J 3:8; Hs 1:9 (Just., A I, 13, 3). εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very reason 2 Cor 5:5; Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. W. subst. inf. foll. (X., Ages. 9, 3, Mem. 3, 6, 2; Just., A I, 9, 5) in order to (oft. LXX; neg. μή in order not to; s. B-D-F §402, 2) Mt 20:19; 26:2; 27:31; Mk 14:55 and oft.—εἰς ὁδόν for the journey 6:8.
    ⓖ As in Mod. Gk., it is used for the dat., esp. the dat. of advantage, but also= for in general (X., An. 3, 3, 19 τ. ἵππους εἰς ἱππέας κατασκευάσωμεν; Lycurg. 85 διεκαρτέρουν εἰς τ. πατρίδα; UPZ 180a I, 7 [113 B.C.] τὸν εἰς Τάγην οἶκον ᾠκοδομημένον; BGU 37, 4f [51 A.D.] ξύλα εἰς τοὺς ἐλαιῶνάς μου wood for my olive orchards; PLond I, 43, 9 p. 48 [II B.C.]; PTebt 5, 77; POxy 37 I, 9; EpJer 9; Sir 37:7, cp. vs. 8; Jdth 14:2; Bel 3 Theod., vs. 22 LXX) εἰς πάντα τ. λαόν Lk 9:13; cp. 3J 5. εἰς ἡμᾶς Eph 1:19; cp. Col 1:25; 1 Th 4:10; Ro 10:12. χρείαν ἔχειν εἰς τ. ἑορτήν J 13:29; cp. Mk 8:19f; Gal 2:8; 1 Th 2:9; 5:15 et al.—εἰς is commonly used in speaking of the person for whom a payment etc. is made (Dssm., B 113–15; NB 23 [BS 117f; 194f]) 1 Cor 16:1; 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1, 13; Ro 15:26; Ac 24:17. εἰς λόγον τινός in an account for someth. (POxy 275, 19; 21 [66 A.D.]; 496, 10; 530, 15) Phil 4:15; cp. vs. 17. εἰς Χριστόν Phlm 6 prob. in honor of Christ (Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 7, 4 p. 266 εἰς θεούς; Pla., Lysis 205d ᾂδεις εἰς σαυτὸν ἐγκώμιον; Ps.-Pla., Minos 319c; Athen. 15, 667c; Synes., Ep. 75 p. 222b).
    ⑤ marker of a specific point of reference, for, to, with respect to, with reference to (Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 3 τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον εἰς καρτερίαν ἐπαινῶ Ἀλεξάνδρου=I praise this deed with regard to Alexander’s endurance; Ath. 31, 1 οὐδὲν χείρους εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον ‘none the worse in respect to excellence’) εὔθετος εἴς τι fit, suitable for someth. Lk 14:35; also εὔχρηστος 2 Ti 4:11. ἡτοιμασμένος ready for 2:21. εὐκαιρέω εἴς τι Ac 17:21. ἱκανόω Col 1:12. ἰσχύω Mt 5:13. περισσεύω 2 Cor 9:8. συνεργέω Ro 8:28. τοῦτο οὐκ εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας λέγω I say this not with reference to these days Hs 9, 26, 6.—After the verbs ἀπορέομαι, διακρίνομαι, καυχάομαι, παρρησίαν ἔχω, s. these entries. After the adj. ἄκαρπος, ἀκέραιος, βραδύς, σοφός, συνεργός, ὑπήκοος, φρόνιμος, s. these entries. W. acc. of pers. ἀσθενεῖν εἴς τινα be weak toward someone 2 Cor 13:3. εὐδοκεῖν 2 Pt 1:17. λέγειν εἴς τινα say w. reference to someone (Diod S 11, 50, 4; Just., D. 77, 1 εἰς Χριστὸν … εἰρῆσθαι) Ac 2:25.—On Ro 6:17 s. παραδίδωμι 1b end. δέχομαί τινα εἰς ὄνομά τινος Mt 10:41f; s. ὄνομα 1dγא.
    ⑥ marker of a guarantee, by ὀμνύναι εἴς τι swear by someth. Mt 5:35 (cp. PGiss 66, 8f [early II A.D.] ἐρωτῶ εἰς τὴν τ. θεῶν εὐσέβειαν; but the sole use of εἰς in a series of datives w. ἐν may reflect bilingualism; for prob. Hb. perspective, s. M’Neile, comm. ad loc).
    ⑦ distributive marker: w. numbers εἰς is distributive ‘-fold’ (cp. ἐστρίς ‘until three times’ Pind., O. 2, 68; GDI IV p. 884, n62, 36 [IV B.C.]) Mk 4:8 v.l. (otherw. ἐς τετρακοσίους, ἐς ὀγδοήκοντα about 400, about 80: Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 2; 6, 2, 4; 7, 20, 3).
    ⑧ The predicate nom. and the predicate acc. are somet. replaced by εἰς w. acc. under Semitic influence, which has strengthened Gk. tendencies in the same direction:
    ⓐ predicate nom.
    α. w. γίνεσθαι (PFay 119, 34 [100 A.D.] ἵνα μὴ εἰς ψωμίον γένηται; Wsd 14:11; 1 Macc 1:36; 10:70; Jdth 5:10, 18 al.) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:22). ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον Lk 13:19; cp. J 16:20; Ac 5:36; Rv 8:11; 16:19.
    β. w. εἶναι (Bar 2:23; Jdth 5:21, 24; Sir 31:10 et al.) Mt 19:5 (Gen 2:24); Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5; 8:10 (in the last 3 pass. OT expressions are also reproduced). Not fr. the OT: 1J 5:8.
    γ. λογίζεσθαι εἰς (Wsd 2:16; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6); cp. 2:26; 9:8. λ. εἰς οὐθέν (Is 40:17; Wsd 3:17; cp. 9:6) Ac 19:27.
    ⓑ predicate acc. (Heliod. 6, 14, 1 τ. πήραν εἰς καθέδραν ποιησαμένη=she used the knapsack as a seat; Vett. Val. 59, 7; 1 Macc 10:54; 11:62; Jdth 5:11 al.; JosAs 13:12 παράθου με αὐτῷ εἰς παιδίσκην) ἐγείρειν τινὰ εἰς βασιλέα Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14). ἀνατρέφεσθαί τινα εἰς υἱόν 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10). τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν 13:47 (cp. Is 49:6). Cp. Mt 21:46; 1 Cl 42:4.—B-D-F §145; 157, 5; Rdm.2 20f; Mlt. 71f; Mlt-H. 462. Johannessohn, Kasus 4f.
    ⑨ marker of instrumentality, by, with (Arrian, Anab. 5, 12, 3 ἐς ἀκρίβειαν=with care; Vi. Aesopi I G 7 P. νικᾶν εἰς εὐσέβειαν πάντα ψόγον=overcome all censure with piety) εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων Ac 7:53 (=ἐν διαταγαῖς, B-D-F §206, 1). Sim. ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην (1 Km 1:17) Mk 5:34; Lk 7:50; 8:48 (=ἐν εἰρήνῃ). Mlt-Turner 254f.
    ⑩ Other uses of εἰς
    ⓐ at, in the face of μετανοεῖν εἰς τὸ κήρυγμα repent at the proclamation Mt 12:41; Lk 11:32; cp. Ro 4:20 and perh. Mt 3:11. JMantey, JBL 70, ’51, 45–48, 309–11 argues for a causal use here because of the proclam., with reff.; against him RMarcus, ibid. 129f; 71, ’52, 43f; JDavis, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 80–88.
    ⓑ for βαπτίζω εἰς s. βαπτίζω 2c.
    ⓒ μένειν εἰς remain with (PFay 111, 12 [95/96 A.D.]) so perh. J 6:27.
    ⓓ in pregnant constructions: σῴζειν εἰς bring safely into 2 Ti 4:18 (cp. X., An. 6, 4, 8; Diod S 2, 48; Cebes 27; SIG 521, 26 [III B.C.], OGI 56, 11; 4 Macc 15:3). διασῴζειν 1 Pt 3:20 (cp. Gen 19:19). μισθοῦσθαι ἐργάτας εἰς τ. ἀμπελῶνα to go into the vineyard Mt 20:1. ἐλευθεροῦσθαι εἰς be freed and come to Ro 8:21. ἀποδιδόναι τινὰ εἰς Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 37:28). ἔνοχος εἰς τ. γέενναν Mt 5:22; cp. 10:9; Mk 6:8; J 20:7.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > εἰς

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