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1 κέρνα 1
κέρνα 1.Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `the two processes of the vertebrae' (Poll. 2, 180).Other forms: - ναι f. pl.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Mostly taken as *κερσ-ν-α (cf. κάρηνα \< *καρασ-ν-α). An exact parallel to κερσ-ν- \< IE. *ḱers-n- may be found in the Germanic word for `brain', e. g. OHG hirni (\< IE. *kers-n-ii̯o-m beside OWNo. hiarsi \< *ḱers-on-). Semantically tempting is the comparison with OWNo. huern `the two boatshaped white bones in the brain of a fisg(? Fischgehirn'), which however like Goth. ƕairnei `skull' has an initial IE. * kʷ- and belongs to OWNo. huerna `cooking utensils' etc.; cf. on κέρνος.Page in Frisk: 1,832Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρνα 1
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2 υἱός
-οῦ + ὁ N 2 1283-2277-435-698-497=5190 Gn 4,17.25.26; 5,4.7male child, son Gn 4,17; id. (of anim.) Sir 38,25; descendant Nm 16,7; accepted or adopted son Ex 2,10; son, pupil, follower (of a spiritual father) Prv 3,11; member (of a community) Gn 6,4; years old [+numeral[*]+ἐτῶν] (semit., rendering Hebr. נהשׁ[*]+ numeral[*]+ בן) Gn 11,10; υἱέ son (an author’s address to the reader) Prv 7,24υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων sons of men, men (also sg.) Wis 9,6; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίξεων sons of pledges, hostages 2 Chr 25,24, see σύμμιξις*Gn 36,2 υἱός son-בן (Sam. Pent.) for MT בת daughter, see also 36,14.39; *Gn 37,4 τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ (more than) his sons-בניו (Sam. Pent.) for MT אחיו (more than) his brothers; *Gn 49,22 υἱός μου νεώτατος my youngest son-צעירי בני (Sam. Pent.) for MT צעדה בנות daughters or branches of a fruit tree?;*2 Sm 23,27 ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν from the sons (of)-בני/מ for MT מבני Mebunnai; *Jer 26(46),25 τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς her son-נה/מ? from her or-בנה? her son for MT נא/מ of No, of Thebes; *Ez 27,4 υἱοί σου your sons ָבנַיְִך בן for MT בֹנַיְִך בנה your build-ers; *Ez 27,32 οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν their sons בניהם בן for MT ניהם/ב ני? in their wailing; *Prv 11,19 υἱός son-בן for MT כן yes, so; *Prv 23,24 υἱῷ in a son-ילד for MT יולד he who begets, father; *Neh 3,2 υἱῶν of the sons בני בן for MT בנו בנה they builtCf. CAIRD 1969=1972 149 (2 Kgs 14,14); DOGNIEZ 1992 203 (Dt 14,1); DORIVAL 1994 53-54.62;GEHMAN 1951= 1972 100; LARCHER 1983 252-254; 1984 363-364; 1985 731; WEVERS 1995 513 (Dt32,8). 534 (Dt 32,43); ZIPOR 1993 357.361-362; →LSJ RSuppl; NIDNTT; NIDOTT (sub בן - בת); TWNT -
3 ἕρση
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dew', pl. `dewdrops' (Il.).Other forms: ep. poet. ἐέρση, Dor. ἕρσᾱ, Pi. N. 3, 78 ἔερσᾰ (s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 240 n. 1); in anlaut diff. ἄερσαν την δρόσον. Κρῆτες H., ἀέρσην ( PLit. Lond. 60 [hell.])Compounds: As 2. member perh. in Λιτυέρσης, s. v.Derivatives: ἑρσήεις, ἐερσήεις `dewy' (Il., AP), ἑρσαῖα ἐαρινά, νέα, ἁπαλά, δροσώδη; ἐρρήεντα δροσώδη, καταψυκτικά H. with Att. - ρρ- against the hieratic Ionism in Ε῝ρση as name of the daughter of Kekrop; ἑρσώδης `id.' (Thphr.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [81] *h₁u̯ers- `rain'Etymology: Unclear is Έρρηφόροι, acc. to H. οἱ τῃ̃ Ε῝ρσῃ ἐπιτελοῦντες τὰ νομιζόμενα, with ἐρρηφορέω; also ἐρσηφόροι, - ρία beside ἀρρη-φόροι; s. v.; s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 441. The normal form is ἐ(Ϝ)έρση \< h₁uers-; the foms ἀέρση (cf. Solmsen Unt. 261) and those cited above are unexplained, as is ἕρσαι. Sanskrit has varṣám n. `rain' and várṣati `it rains', IE *u̯érseti. Beside it iterative-intensive *u̯orseíō \> Gr. οὑρέω `urinate' (euphemistically) with postverbal οὖρον; here the laryngeal may have beenlost before the o-vocalism; s. also οὑρανός. Because of the accent and because of the ε-vowel ἕρση cannot be a verbal noun (one would expect *οὑρά \< *u̯orsā); rather it is a collective deriv. from a neutral noun *u̯er-os-, u̯er-s-, and further cognates in e. g. MIr. frass `rain', Skt. vŕ̥ṣan- `masculine, man, bull, stallion'.Page in Frisk: 1,566-567Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕρση
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4 ἕστωρ (1)
ἕστωρ, - οροςGrammatical information: m.Etymology: Unexplained; on the formation Benveniste Noms d'agent 55, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 28f. with hypotheses. Acc. to Fick, Sommer, Ehrlich (s. Bq with Add. et corr.) with ὕσταξ πάσσαλος κεράτινος H. from *u̯ers-tor-, to Skt. várṣ-man- `height, hill' etc. Othe proposals in WP. 1,267: from ἕκτωρ after σχ-εῖν for *ἕσχτωρ reshaped?; in Schwyzer 531 n. 12: to ἵζω as `who sets'?Page in Frisk: 1,577Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕστωρ (1)
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5 θάρσος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `confidence, courage, audacity' (Il.)Other forms: Att. θάρρος (partly a reshaping of hom. θάρσος etc. after Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), Aeol. θέρσος n.Compounds: Compp., e. g. εὑ-θαρσής `of good courage' (A.), θερσι-επής `talking courageously' (B.; on the 1. member Schwyzer 448).Derivatives: θαρσαλέος, - ρρ- `with confidence, courageous' (Il.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 253f.), Θερσίτης PN (Hom. etc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 196; cf Risch Gnomon 23, 160 and Bloch Mus. Helv. 12, 59), θαρσήεις `courageous' (Call., Nonn.; innovation, s. Schwyzer 527); denomin. verb θαρσέω, - ρρ-, aor. θαρσῆσαι `be courageous' (Il.; cf. Schwyzer 724, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349; hardly with Leumann l. c. from εὑθαρσέω with θαρρητικός (Arist.).Etymology: Beside θάρσος, θέρσος we have θρασύς `audacious, courageous, bold' (since Il.), often as 1. member, e. g. θρασυκάρδιος `with audacious heart' (Il.), Rhod. Θαρσύ-βιος, Ther. Θhαρ(ρ)ύ-μαqhος (cf. Bechtel KZ 51, 145; more forms in Schwyzer 284; on the short names are based Θρασύλος also Leumann Glotta 32, 216 and 223 n. 2); from it θρασύτης `boldness' (IA), Θρασώ surn. of Athena (Lyc.), denomin. verb θρασύνω, θαρσύνω, - ρρ- `encourage' (Il.) with θάρσυνος `with confidence' (Il.; best postverbal; cf. Schwyzer 491 and diff. interpretations); comp. θρασίων (Alcm.), θρασύτερος, - ύτατος (Att.); Seiler Steigerungsformen 55f. - Cf. also ἀτάσθαλος. With θρασύς agrees Skt. dhr̥sú- (gramm.); liter. is dhr̥ṣṇú- `bold' after dhr̥ṣ-ṇ-ó-ti `be audacious'. Full grade θέρσος, for which sec. θάρσος, θράσος through influence of θρασύς, has however in Skt. no agreement (one finds dhárṣa-; would be Gr. *θόρσος). On the other hand Greek replaced the primary verbs by the newly formed θαρσέω, θαρσύνω: Skt. dhr̥ṣ-ṇ-ó-ti, dhárṣati with the perf. da-dhárṣa = Germ., e. g. Goth. ga-dars `τολμῶ' (wold be Gr. *τέ-θορσ-α), Lith. (with infixed nasal) drį̃sti `dare' (\< IE *dhr̥-n-s-), with analog. present dręsù with the nouns drąsà `boldness', OLith. drįsùs (after drį̃sti. Very doubtful Toch. A tsraṣi, B tsir `strong' (Poucha Archiv Orientální 2, 326, ZDMG 93, 206); s. Pedersen Zur toch. Sprachgeschichte 19. - Further forms in Pok. 259, Mayrhofer Wb. 2, 112f., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. drąsùs, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. derzkij; also W.-Hofmann s. īnfestus.Page in Frisk: 1,654-655Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάρσος
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6 ὄρρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rump, arse' (Ar.), `end of the os sacrum' (Gal.).Compounds: As 1. member in ὀρρο-πύγ-ιον, Ion. ὀρσο-, s. πυγή. As 2. member in παλίν-ορσος `moving back' (Γ 33, Emp.; - ρρ- Ar. Ach. 1179), s. Wackernagel Unt. 226; prob. also in ἄψορρος, s. v.Derivatives: ὀρρώδης `belonging to the rump' (Hp., Gal.), ὀρροχμόν ἔσχατον, ἄκρον H., after νεο-χμός(?), s.v. and Belardi Doxa 3, 216f. w. lit. (wrong Specht KZ 66, 199f.).Etymology: Old inherited expression for `hindmost', which was avoided by the epic for its status (Wackernagel Unt. 224 ff.), identical with Germ., e.g. OHG ars ' Arsch', Arm. oṙ, pl. oṙ-k` (i-st.): IE * ors-o-, * ors-i-; besides OIr. err `tail' \< * h₁ersā. Phönetically unclear is Hitt. arraš `hindmost'; uncertain hypothesis by Neumann KZ 77, 79ff. (w. lit.). Against ὄρρος from *ὄρσος Forbes Glotta 36, 264ff. -- The word can be understood as enlargement of an s-stem * or(o)s-, * er(o)s- `elevation' and can then belong closely together with ὄρος `mountain' (s.v.). Further lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 138, Pok. 340. -- Cf. ὀρσοθύρη and οὑρά.Page in Frisk: 2,427Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρρος
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7 οὑρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `tail' (Il.), later often metaph. `rear(guard)' (X., Plb.).Other forms: Ion. -ήCompounds: Compp., e.g. οὑρ-ᾱγός m. `leader of the rearguard' with - έω, - ία (X., Plb.. LXX); on κόλ-ουρος (s. κόλος), κόθ-ουρος, πάγ-ουρος s. vv.Derivatives: 1. Dimin. οὑράδιον (Gp.); 2. adj. οὑρ-αῖος `belonging to the tail' ( Ψ 520, Hp.) with - αία f. (like κεραία a.o.) `tail' (Aret.), - αῖον n. `id.' (E.). 3. οὑρ-αχός m. `foetal organ, point, outer end', e.g. of the heart, of the eyebrows, of a stalk (medic., Ael.), - ίαχος m. `lower end of a spear' (Il., A. R., AP ; metr. condit.?); cf. κύμβ-αχος, στόμ-αχος a.o. 4. οὑρώδης `belonging to the tail' (Hp. v.l.). - On οὖραξ s.v.Etymology: Like κουρά beside κόρρη, κόρση, οὑρά can stand beside ὄρρος, - ορσος; basis then prob. *ὀρσά (on the phonetics s. on κουρά); note esp. OIr. err f. `tail' \< IE * ersā. Positing *ὀρσι̯ά (WP. 1, 138; also Forbes Glotta 36, 237 f. as alternative) or *ὀρσϜά (Brugmann-Thumb 148 a.o. referring to Skt. r̥ṣvá- `high') is unnecessary (cf. Schwyzer 286 Zus. 1 w. rich lit.). S. also ὄρρος. - Remarkable is the word οὐραχός with a suffix that it prob. Pre-Greek; here again there are the parallels with - αχ-, - ιχ-, - υχ- (Chantraine Form. 403). Even stranger is the form οὐρίαχος, which has even been considered a metrical licence (there is no other word in - ιαχος). This leads to he idea that the preceding vowel was palatal, i.e. -rsy-; cf. Beekes FS Kortlandt; this might lead to the conclusion that the word (`tail') is Pre-Greek (unless one concludes that οὐρ(ι)αχός is not cognate with the tail-word). Cf. also on οὖραξ.Page in Frisk: 2,446Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑρα
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8 οὑρέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to urinate' (IA. since Hes.).Derivatives: ( ἐξ-, ἀπ-)οὔρησις f. `micturition', - ητήρ m., - ήθρα, ion. -η `urethra', - ημα n. `urine', - ητικός `often urinating, promoting urine' (Hp., Arist.); also as backformation οὖρον n. `urine' (Hdt., Hp., Thphr.), with a.o. δυσουρ-έω `to have difficulties with micturition', - ία f. `difficult micturition' (medic. u.a.) as from *δύσ-ουρος. From οὖρον or οὑρέω: οὑράνη f. `chamber-pot' (A.Fr., S.Fr.), = οὑρητήρ (Poll.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??] *u̯ers- `urinate' [cf. p. 80]Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation *Ϝορσέω to the primary root-pres. in Skt. várṣati `rain' (IE *u̯érseti), euphemistic expression for ὀμείχω (Wackernagel KZ 29, 129 = Kl. Schr. 1, 632); cf. οὑρανός and ἕρση. Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 268f., Pok. 80f., W.-Hofmann s. ūrīna. On ūrīna also Scheller Mus. Helv. 18, 140ff.Page in Frisk: 2,447Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑρέω
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9 πυγμή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `fist, fist-fight' (Il.); as measure of length = `the distance from the elbow to the knuckles', 18 δάκτυλοι (Thphr., Poll.).Derivatives: πυγμαῖος `as large as a π., dwarf-like' (Hdt., Arist.), nom. pl. "the fistlings", n. of a fable-tale people of dwarves, which was diff. localised (Γ 6, Hecat. etc.); πυγμ-ικός `belonging to fist-fight' (An. Ox.). Shortname Πυγμᾶς m. (Chantraine Études 18). -- On Πυγμαλίων, prob. popular correction of a foreign word, s. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 136. -- πυγών, όνος m. measure of length = `the distance from the elbow to the first finger-joint', 20 δάκτυλοι (Hdt., X.); from this πυγούσιος `one π. long' (κ 517 = λ 25, Arat.), prob. analog. (Risch 115); a *πυγοντ- (cf. Schwyzer 526) is not credible; regular πυγον-ιαῖος `id.' (Hp., Thphr. a.o.). -- πύκτης m. `fist-fighter' (Xenoph., Pi., Att.) with πυκτ-ικός `belonging to fist-fight(ers), brave in fist-fight' (Att.), - οσύνη f. `skilfulness in fist-fight' (Xenoph.; Wyss - σύνη 31), - εύω `to be a fist-fighter, to have a fist-fight' (Att., Boeot.) with - ευσις, - ευτής (Gloss.), - εῖον (Suid.); also with analog. λ-enlargement - αλεύω (Sophr.), - αλίζω (Anacr.) `id.'. -- πύξ adv. `with the fist, in a fist-fight' (esp. ep. poet. Il.); from it πυγ-μάχος m. `fist-fighter', - μαχέω, - μαχία, - ίη (ep. poet. Hom.), univerbation from πὺξ μάχεσθαι; cf. Georgacas Glotta 36, 180.Origin: IE [Indo-European](X) [828] *puḱ-, puǵ- `sting'Etymology: The above words are all built on an element πυγ-, which function may have been both verbal or nominal. To πυγ-μή cf. in the first instance primary formations like παλάμη (s.v.), στιγ-μή, δραχ-μή, but also the ambivalente ἀκ-μή and he purely nominal ἅλ-μη. Of πυγ-ών remind ἀγκ-ών, λαγ-ών, the first perh. verbal, the last prob. nominal (s. on λαγαίω). Also πύκ-της can be taken both primary and secondarily; for πύξ nominal origin seems most probable (s. Schwyzer 620); cf. still πύξ πυγμή H. -- A corresponding l-deriv. is seen in Lat. pug-il m. `fistfighter', an n-formation in pug-nus m. `fist' (to which pugnāre, pugna; to be connected formally with πυγ-ών?). So we arrive at a Lat.-Gr. pug- `fist'. By Fick, Walde a.o. (s. Bq, WP. 2, 15 and W.-Hofmann s. pugil) this group is further connected with pu-n-g-ō, pu-pug-ī `sting', for which we would have to assume a specialisation of `sting' to `sting with clenched fist and knuckles stretched out forward' = 'box'; so pug- `fist' as suffixless nom. ag. prop. * "the stinger, the boxer"? The (orig.) meaning `sting' can still be seen in Lat. pūgiō `dagger', thus, with final tenuis, in πεύκη a. cogn. (s.v.). -- An original meaning `sting' is rather surprising but Lat. pugio seems a good argument; πεύκη may be unrelated.Page in Frisk: 2,619-620Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πυγμή
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ers — [ ɛr ] n. m. • 1538; mot provenç.; lat. ervus ♦ Agric. Plante herbacée annuelle (légumineuses) cultivée comme fourragère, appelée aussi lentille bâtarde. ⊗ HOM. Air, aire, ère, erre, haire, hère, 1. r. ● ers nom masculin (ancien provençal ers, du … Encyclopédie Universelle
Êrs — (s. ⇨ Arsch). *1. Den Êrs to knipn. – Eichwald, 391. *2. En Êrs vull gebn. – Eichwald, 399. *3. He is öwer Êrs inn Staat kamn. – Eichwald, 397. *4. Keen sitten Êrs hebbn. – Eichwald, 395. *5. Sitt uppen Êrs, so loppt dar keene Mus in. – Eichwald … Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon
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Ers — Ers, n. [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.] (Bot.) The bitter vetch ({Ervum Ervilia}). [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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ers — Ers, Genus leguminis, Ernum, Orobus. Les ers d un cheval, voyez Ars … Thresor de la langue françoyse