aliquos

dĭcĭo, ōnis (less correctly, ditio; occurs only in the gen., dat., acc., and abl. sing., and in plur. once, Prud. Psych. 221; so Hemsterhuis, Orat. p. 7.—Georges rejects the dat. sing., but v. infra; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 514 sq.), f. [root dic-; Sanscr. dicami, point out; Gr. deiknumi; Lat. dico; cf.: condicio, judex], a t. t., milit. and polit., dominion, sovereignty, authority, rule, sway, power.

Prop.:

Commagenem, dicionis regiae usque ad id tempus, etc.,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

Poenum quod inter Alpes Apenninumque agri sit, suae dicionis fecisse,

Liv. 21, 53;

so,

id. 21, 60; cf.:

Tyros mare dicionis suae fecit,

Curt. 4, 4 fin. — Dat.:

regionem dicioni ejus adjecit,

Curt. 4, 1, 26; cf.:

subjecit dicioni suae hostes,

Front. Strat. 1, 3, 10:

dicioni alicujus se permittere,

Curt. 6, 5, 9; Vell. 2, 37, 3; Lact. 2, 12, 7; Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 2; Curt. 9, 7, 13; 8, 13, 1 al.:

gentem dicioni nostrae subicere,

Tac. A. 13, 55; cf. under no. II.— Acc. (very freq.):

dedunt se, urbem et liberos In dicionem atque in arbitrium Thebano poplo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 103;

so,

Liv. 7, 31; id. 26, 33 fin. al.; cf.:

omnia in dicionem tradere,

Liv. 26, 43:

omnes eas civitates in dicionem potestatemque populi Romani esse redactas,

Caes. B. G. 2, 34 fin.;

so,

Cic. Agr. 2, 27 fin.; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 2; Liv. 26, 21; id. 41, 19: Suet. Tib. 16 et saep.; cf.:

urbes multas sub imperium populi Romani dicionemque subjunxit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, 55; and:

Ilergetes in jus dicionemque recepit,

Liv. 21, 61:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; cf.:

voluntate concedere in dicionem,

Liv. 30, 7:

in dicionem venire,

id. 32, 31;

so,

id. 40, 28; Pompon. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 32 et saep.:

in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque esse,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66 (cf. on the constr. esp. Kritz ad Sall. J. 112, 3).— Abl. (also very freq.):

sub alicujus dicione atque imperio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 14, 609:

nationes, quae in eorum regno ac dicione sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27 init.; and:

in parte magis quam in dicione alicujus esse,

Liv. 21, 5:

in servitute atque in dicione alicujus teneri,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33; cf.:

terras omni dicione tenere,

Verg. A. 1, 236;

so,

id. ib. 1, 622:

dicione premere aliquos,

id. ib. 7, 737; cf. id. ib. 10, 54.

Transf., beyond milit. and polit. life:

auris meas dedo in dicionem tuam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 8:

postquam res publica, in paucorum potentium jus atque dicionem concessit,

Sall. C. 20, 7:

omnis gentis, etc.... decemvirum dicioni, judicio potestatique permissa esse,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 39; cf.:

sub dicione ejus magistratus (sc. censoris),

Liv. 4, 8:

respirare contra nutum dicionemque alicujus,

Cic. Quint. 30 fin.:

aliquem in sua potestate ac dicione tenere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 97:

caput liberum fidei suae commissum alienae dicioni subicere,

Gell. 5, 19, 10 (dub. al. condicioni).

dī-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

With particular reference to the prep., to send different ways, to send apart, i. e.,

[p. 582] To send out or forth in different directions, to send about (class.).

With acc.:

Naevius pueros circum amicos dimittit,

Cic. Quint. 6, 2:

consules designatos circum provincias,

Suet. Aug. 64:

litteras circum municipia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 1; cf.:

litteras circa praefectos,

Liv. 42, 51:

litteras per omnes provincias,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 4;

with which cf.: nuntios per agros,

id. B. G. 6, 31, 2:

librum per totam Italiam,

Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 2:

edicta per provincias,

Suet. Galb. 10:

certos per litora,

Verg. A. 1, 577 et saep.:

nuntios tota civitate Aeduorum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 9:

nuntios in omnes partes,

id. ib. 4, 19, 2; 4, 34, 5; cf. ib. 5, 49, 8; and poet.:

aciem (i. e. oculos) in omnes partes,

Ov. M. 3, 381:

praefectos in finitimas civitates,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 3; cf.:

Manlium Faesulas,

Sall. C. 27 et saep.:

nuntios ad Centrones, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39, 1; so with ad, id. ib. 6, 34, 8; id. B. C. 1, 52 fin. al.:

legatos quoquoversus,

id. B. G. 3, 23, 2; 7, 4, 5; id. B. C. 1, 36, 2:

dimissos equites pabulandi causa,

id. ib. 1, 80, 3; cf.

equitatum,

id. B. G. 7, 71, 5:

omnem ab se equitatum,

id. ib. § 1.— Trop.:

animum ignotas in artes,

Ov. M. 8, 188, directs, applies (al. demittit).—

Without object acc.:

dimisit circum omnes propinquas regiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 6:

per provincias,

Liv. 29, 37: ad amicos, Cic. Tull. Fragm. § 22; cf.:

in omnes partis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43, 1.—

To separate a multitude, to break up, dissolve; and subjectively, to dismiss (from one's self), to discharge, disband:

senatu dimisso,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

senatum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 65:

concilium,

id. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Vatin. 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 31; id. B. C. 1, 32, 4 et saep.; cf.

conventum,

Sall. C. 21 fin.: exercitum (a standing military t. t.; cf. Vell. 2, 52, 4), Caes. B. C. 1, 2, 6; 1, 9, 5 et saep.:

plures manus (with diducere, and opp. continere manipulos ad signa),

Caes. B. G. 6, 34, 5:

delectum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 15:

convivium,

to break up, Liv. 36, 29; Tac. A. 15, 30 et saep.

With particular reference to the verb, to send away either an individual or a body; to let go, discharge, dismiss, release.

Lit.:

aliquem ab se et amandare in ultimas terras,

Cic. Sull. 20, 57; so,

aliquem ab se,

id. Fam. 13, 63; Nep. Att. 4, 2:

discedentem aliquem non sine magno dolore,

id. ib. 12, 18 fin.:

aliquos aequos placatosque,

id. Or. 10, 34; so,

aliquem incolumem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 4; 1, 23, 3:

ex custodia,

Liv. 23, 2, 14:

e carcere,

Just. 21, 1, 5:

impunitum,

Sall. C. 51, 5:

saucium ac fugatum,

Nep. Hann. 4:

neminem nisi victum,

id. ib. 3 et saep.; cf.:

aliquem ludos pessumos, i. e. pessime ludificatum,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 12:

uxorem,

i. e. to put her away, repudiate her, Suet. Aug. 63 al.:

Cossutia dimissa, quae desponsata fuerat, etc.,

id. Caes. 1:

sponsam intactam,

id. Aug. 62: cf.

also: aliquam e matrimonio,

Suet. Tib. 49; v. also under no. B.:

creditorem,

i. e. to pay him, Dig. 31, '72:

debitorem,

i. e. to forgive him the debt, ib. 50, 9, 4:

equos, in order to fight on foot,

Tac. Agr. 37 fin.; Verg. A. 10, 366;

but also in order to flee,

Caes. B. C. 3, 69 fin.:

hostem ex manibus,

id. ib. 1, 64, 2; 3, 49, 2; cf.

also: Demosthenem (i. e. his orations) e manibus,

to put out of one's hands, to lay down, Cic. Or. 30; cf.:

istos sine ulla contumelia dimittamus,

id. de Or. 3, 17, 64:

milites, in oppidum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 2:

a turpissima suspicione,

to free, relieve, Petr. 13, 4.— Absol.:

dimittam, ut te velle video,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 106; Cic. de Or. 1, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 86 al. —

Transf., of inanimate objects:

eum locum, quem ceperant,

to abandon, desert, Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

Italiam,

id. ib. 1, 25, 4:

ripas,

id. B. G. 5, 18 fin.:

complura oppida,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 5:

provinciam,

Liv. 40, 43:

captam Trojam,

Ov. M. 13, 226 et saep.:

fortunas morte,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.

patrimonium,

id. Caecin. 26 fin.:

speratam praedam ex manibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 1:

signa ex metu,

id. B. C. 3, 69 fin.; cf.

arma,

Sen. Ep. 66 fin.; Luc. 3, 367 et saep.— Esp.: dimissis manibus, with hands relaxed, i. e. in all haste:

ibi odos dimissis manibus in caelum volat,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 52; cf.:

dimissis pedibus,

id. ib. v. 54:

dimissis manibus fugere domum,

id. Ep. 3, 1, 16.—

Trop., to renounce, give up, abandon, forego, forsake:

ista philosophia, quae nunc prope dimissa revocatur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

rem saepius frustra tentatam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 26 fin.:

exploratam victoriam,

id. B. G. 7, 52, 2:

oppugnationem,

id. ib. 7, 17, 4; id. B. C. 3, 73, 1:

occasionem rei bene gerendae,

id. B. G. 5, 57, 1; cf. id. B. C. 1, 72, 4; 3, 25, 4:

rei gerendae facultatem,

id. ib. 1, 28, 2;

3, 97, 1: omnem rei frumentariae spem,

id. ib. 1, 73, 1:

condiciones pacis,

id. ib. 1, 26, 2:

principatum,

id. B. G. 6, 12, 6:

tempus,

id. ib. 2, 21 fin.; Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 89:

suum jus (opp. retinere),

id. Balb. 13, 31:

vim suam,

id. Fam. 9, 12: libertatem; id. Planc. 34 fin.:

amicitias,

id. Lael. 21:

commemorationem nominis nostri,

id. Arch. 11 fin.:

quaestionem,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

curam,

id. Att. 14, 11; Tac. Or. 3:

praeterita, instantia, futura pari oblivione,

id. H. 3, 36:

matrimonia,

Suet. Calig. 25:

fugam,

Verg. A. 11, 706:

coeptum iter,

Ov. M. 2, 598:

cursus,

id. ib. 11, 446 et saep.:

tantam fortunam ex manibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37 fin.:

studium et iracundiam suam rei publicae dimittere, i. q. condonare,

to sacrifice to the good of the state, id. B. C. 3, 69, 3; cf.:

tributa alicui,

i. e. to remit, Tac. H. 3, 55:

laudibus nomen alicujus in longum aevum,

to transmit, Luc. 1, 448:

dimissum quod nescitur, non amittitur,

is foregone, not lost, Pub. Syr. 138 (Rib.).

dissensĭo, ōnis, f. [dissentio], difference of opinion, disagreement, dissension, discord (good prose):

inter homines de jure,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 238; cf. id. Leg. 2, 13, 32:

animorum disjunctio dissensionem facit,

id. Agr. 2, 6:

inter aliquos sine acerbitate,

id. Off. 1, 25, 87; cf. Quint. 3, 6, 22 et saep.:

hoc dissidio ac dissensione facta, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 21; id. Agr. 3, 2; id. Lael. 21, 77 (twice); Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 1 (twice); id. B. C. 1, 20, 4 et saep.:

Zenonis a superioribus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 11, 42:

de bono oratore cum populo' dissensio,

id. Brut. 49, 185:

civilis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 67, 3; Sall. J. 41 fin.: Suet. Ner. 3; cf.

ordinum,

Tac. A. 3, 27 et saep.—In plur., Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 102; id. Lael. 7, 23; Caes. B. G. 6, 22 fin.; id. B. C. 3. 1, 3; Tac. Agr. 32 al.—

Of inanimate things, disagreement, incompatibility:

utilium cum honestis,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 56:

actionum,

Sen. Ep. 20, 2.

dŏmĭnor, ātus (ante-class. inf domina rier, Verg. A. 7, 70), 1, v. dep. n. [dominus], to be lord and master, to have dominion, bear rule domineer (freq. and class.; for syn. cf.: regno, impero, jubeo, praesum).

Prop., absol.:

imperare quam plurimis, pollere, regnare, dominari,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12;

so,

absol., id. 1, 33; id. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Sall. C. 2, 2; Liv. 33, 46; Tac. A. 4, 7; id. H. 1, 21; Verg. A. 2, 363 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in capite fortunisque hominum,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94; so,

in aliqua re,

id. ib. 31, 98; id. Div. in Caecil. 7 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 51 fin.; Liv. 8, 31; Verg. A. 2, 327; Ov. F. 3, 315 al.— With inter or in: inter aliquos, * Caes. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; so Ov. Am. 3, 6, 63:

dominari in cetera (animalia),

id. M. 1, 77:

in adversarios,

Liv. 3, 53.—With abl.:

summā dominarier arce,

Verg. A. 7, 70.—With the abl. only, Verg. A. 6, 766; 1, 285; 3, 97.— With dat.:

toti dominabere mundo,

Claud. in Ruf. 1, 143.—With gen.:

omnium rerum,

Lact. Ira, 14, 3; Tert. Hab. Mul. 1 al. in late Lat.—

Transf., to rule, reign, govern, etc., of inanimate and abstract subjects:

Cleanthes solem dominari putat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41:

mare,

Tac. Agr. 10 fin.:

pestis in magnae dominatur moenibus urbis,

Ov. M. 7, 553:

inter nitentia culta Infelix lolium et steriles dominantur avenae,

Verg. G. 1, 154: ubi libido dominatur, Crassus ap. Cic. Or. 65, 219; so,

consilium,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38:

potestas (sc. censura) longinquitate,

Liv. 9, 33:

oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 62:

fortuna,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

usus dicendi in libera civitate,

id. de Or. 2, 8, 33; id. Caecin. 25, 71: actio in dicendo, id. ap. Quint. 11, 3, 7:

effectus maxime in ingressu ac fine (causae),

Quint. 8 prooem. §

7 et saep.: senectus si usque ad ultimum spiritum dominatur in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 38.—Hence, dŏmĭnans, antis, P. a., ruling, bearing sway. — Lit.:

a gentibus dominantibus premi,

Lact. 7, 15, 5. — Trop.:

animus dominantior ad vitam,

Lucr. 3, 397; id. 6, 238: dominantia nomina = vulgaria, communia, the Gr. kuria, proper, without metaphor, Hor. A. P. 234. —As subst.: dŏmĭnans, antis, m., an absolute ruler:

cum dominante sermones,

Tac. A. 14, 56; id. H. 4, 74.— Plur., Vulg. Jer. 50, 21; id. Apoc. 19, 16.— Adv.: dŏmĭnante, in the manner of a ruler, Dracont. Hexaem. 1, 331.

► dŏmĭnor, āri, pass., to be ruled: o domus antiqua, heu, quam dispari Dominare domino! Poëta ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139; Nigid. ap. Prisc. p. 793; Lact. Mort. Pers. 16, 7.

dŏmĭnor, ātus (ante-class. inf domina rier, Verg. A. 7, 70), 1, v. dep. n. [dominus], to be lord and master, to have dominion, bear rule domineer (freq. and class.; for syn. cf.: regno, impero, jubeo, praesum).

Prop., absol.:

imperare quam plurimis, pollere, regnare, dominari,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12;

so,

absol., id. 1, 33; id. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Sall. C. 2, 2; Liv. 33, 46; Tac. A. 4, 7; id. H. 1, 21; Verg. A. 2, 363 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in capite fortunisque hominum,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94; so,

in aliqua re,

id. ib. 31, 98; id. Div. in Caecil. 7 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 51 fin.; Liv. 8, 31; Verg. A. 2, 327; Ov. F. 3, 315 al.— With inter or in: inter aliquos, * Caes. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; so Ov. Am. 3, 6, 63:

dominari in cetera (animalia),

id. M. 1, 77:

in adversarios,

Liv. 3, 53.—With abl.:

summā dominarier arce,

Verg. A. 7, 70.—With the abl. only, Verg. A. 6, 766; 1, 285; 3, 97.— With dat.:

toti dominabere mundo,

Claud. in Ruf. 1, 143.—With gen.:

omnium rerum,

Lact. Ira, 14, 3; Tert. Hab. Mul. 1 al. in late Lat.—

Transf., to rule, reign, govern, etc., of inanimate and abstract subjects:

Cleanthes solem dominari putat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41:

mare,

Tac. Agr. 10 fin.:

pestis in magnae dominatur moenibus urbis,

Ov. M. 7, 553:

inter nitentia culta Infelix lolium et steriles dominantur avenae,

Verg. G. 1, 154: ubi libido dominatur, Crassus ap. Cic. Or. 65, 219; so,

consilium,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38:

potestas (sc. censura) longinquitate,

Liv. 9, 33:

oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 62:

fortuna,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

usus dicendi in libera civitate,

id. de Or. 2, 8, 33; id. Caecin. 25, 71: actio in dicendo, id. ap. Quint. 11, 3, 7:

effectus maxime in ingressu ac fine (causae),

Quint. 8 prooem. §

7 et saep.: senectus si usque ad ultimum spiritum dominatur in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 38.—Hence, dŏmĭnans, antis, P. a., ruling, bearing sway. — Lit.:

a gentibus dominantibus premi,

Lact. 7, 15, 5. — Trop.:

animus dominantior ad vitam,

Lucr. 3, 397; id. 6, 238: dominantia nomina = vulgaria, communia, the Gr. kuria, proper, without metaphor, Hor. A. P. 234. —As subst.: dŏmĭnans, antis, m., an absolute ruler:

cum dominante sermones,

Tac. A. 14, 56; id. H. 4, 74.— Plur., Vulg. Jer. 50, 21; id. Apoc. 19, 16.— Adv.: dŏmĭnante, in the manner of a ruler, Dracont. Hexaem. 1, 331.

► dŏmĭnor, āri, pass., to be ruled: o domus antiqua, heu, quam dispari Dominare domino! Poëta ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139; Nigid. ap. Prisc. p. 793; Lact. Mort. Pers. 16, 7.

ē-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imper., educe, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 11; id. Stich. 5, 6, 1:

educ,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10; Alcim. 5, 248 al.— Inf. pass. parag., educier, Plaut. Truc. 5, 16), v. a., to lead forth, draw out, bring away (very freq. and class.).

In gen.:

novam nuptam foras,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 1;

so with personal objects, fidicinam,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 36 (opp. introducere):

eram,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 53:

virginem,

id. Pers. 4, 1, 11; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3 fin. al.; cf.

also: populum e comitio,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 9:

mulierem ab domo secum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4:

rete foras,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

pisces everriculo in litus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7:

radicem e terra,

id. ib. 3, 10, 5:

gladium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 8; Sall. C. 51, 36; cf.:

gladium e vagina,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

gladium,

Vulg. Marc. 14, 47 al.:

sortem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51 fin.; cf.:

aliquos ex urna,

id. ib. 2, 2, 17:

tribus,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

telum corpore,

Verg. A. 10, 744; cf. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83 et saep.:

lacum (with emittere),

Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf.

fistulam,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2:

aquam in fossas,

Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179; Dig. 8, 3, 29:

se foras,

to go out, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 4 Ruhnk. ad loc.; cf.:

se multitudini,

to withdraw one's self from the multitude, Sen. Vit. Beat. 2 fin. —

In partic.

In all periods.

Pub. law t. t.

To bring, summon before court (cf. duco, I. B. 1.):

cum in jus ipsum eduxi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47; cf.:

ex domo in jus,

Quint. 7, 8, 6: SI. QVIS. EORVM. AD. ME. EDVCTVS. FVERIT., Edict. Praet. ap. Gell. 11, 17, 2:

aliquem ad consules,

Cic. Planc. 23;

and simply aliquem,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26 Zumpt N. cr.; 2, 2, 37; 2, 3, 65.—Once also, to bring up or lead away for punishment (for which more commonly duco; v. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26):

ad tintinnaculos educi viros,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 8.—

Of persons in office, to take out with one to one's province: quos educere invitos in provinciam non potuit, eos retinere qui potuit? Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 76; so,

medicum secum,

id. Pis. 34.—

Milit. t. t., to lead forth, march out troops (very freq. in Caes.):

Teleboae ex oppido Legiones educunt suas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 63:

praesidium ex oppido (opp introducere),

Caes. B. C. 1, 13, 2:

cohortes ex urbe,

id. ib. 1, 12, 2:

exercitum ab urbe,

Liv. 3, 21:

copias e castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 1; 2, 8 fin.; 7, 13, 1; 7, 80, 1; id. B. C. 1, 43, 3 et saep.; Liv. 31, 37 al.;

for which also: copias castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51, 2; 4, 13 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 68, 1; Verg. A. 11, 20;

legiones ex hibernis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 3; 5, 27, 9; 7, 10, 1; Liv. 40, 39:

ex finibus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

also: impedimenta ex castris,

id. ib. 7, 68, 1.—Without designating the term. a quo:

cohortes,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 2; id. B. C. 1, 41, 2; 1, 64, 6; Sall. J. 68, 2; Liv. 39, 15; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 22 et saep.; cf.: exercitum foras, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 13, 5:

exercitum in expeditionem,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

copias adversus Afranium,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 9; 2, 2, 5 et saep.—And absol. of the general himself, to move out, march out (so mostly in Liv.; cf.

duco): ex hibernis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

ex oppido,

id. ib. 7, 81, 3; cf.:

tribus simul portis,

Liv. 41, 26:

ad legionem Pompeii duplici acie eduxit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 67, 3:

in aciem,

Liv. 1, 23; 8, 9; 21, 39; Front. Strat. 2, 1, 5, al. —

Naut. t. t., to bring out a ship from the harbor, to put to sea:

naves ex portu,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57, 2; 2, 22, 5; 3, 26, 2;

also: classem portu,

Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 55.—Hence,

Transf., of goods, to export:

equos ex Italia,

Liv. 43, 5, 9 (cf.:

extra provinciam ducere,

Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 1).—

In midwifery, t. t., to assist at birth:

attractus infantem educit,

Cels. 7, 29 med.:

per ipsas manus (infans) commode educitur,

id. ib. — So of birds, to bring out of the egg, to hatch:

pullos suos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 143; so,

fetum,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152 (with excludere); 9, 10, 12, § 37.—Hence,

Transf.

To bring up, rear, a child (usually with reference to bodily nurture and support; while 2. educo refers usually to the mind; but the distinction is not strictly observed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 395), to educate:

non possunt militares pueri setanio educier,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 16:

bene ego istam eduxi meae domi et pudice,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 32; id. Most. 1, 3, 29; id. Rud. 1, 3, 38; Ter. And. 5, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 14 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 124; Liv. 1, 39 fin.; 21, 43 Drak.; Tac. A. 1, 4; 41; Prop. 3, 9, 51 (4, 8, 51 M.); Verg. A. 7, 763; 8, 413; Col. 3, 10, 16; Curt. 3, 12, 16 al.— Trop.:

senex plane eductus in nutricatu Venerio,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 55.—

In gen., to bear, to produce = edere, Verg. A. 6, 765; 779: aura educit colores, * Cat. 64, 90.—

In vulg. lang., to drink off, toss off, Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 18; 5, 6, 1.—With a punning allusion to the signif. 4. b. a, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 274.—

Since the Aug. period.

Of motion in an upward direction (cf. effero and erigo), to draw up, to raise:

(Ortygia me) superas eduxit sub auras,

Ov. M. 5, 641; 3, 113; cf.

trop.: (Pindarus) vires animumque moresque aureos educit in astra,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 23 (cf.:

sustulit in astra,

Cic. Att. 2, 25).—

With the accessory idea of making, to rear, erect, build up:

turrim summis sub astra Eductam tectis,

Verg. A. 2, 461; cf.:

aram sepulcri caelo,

id. ib. 6, 178; imitated by Sil. 15, 388:

molem caelo,

Verg. A. 2, 186:

turres altius,

Tac. A. 12, 16; id. H. 4, 30:

pyramides instar montium,

id. A. 2, 61:

moenia caminis Cyclopum,

Verg. A. 6, 630; cf.:

moles quam eductam in Rhenum retulimus,

Tac. H. 5, 18.—

Of time, to pass, spend (cf. duco, II. B. 3. b.):

pios annos,

Prop. 2, 9, 47:

insomnem noctem ludo,

Stat. Th. 2, 74:

somnos sub hiberno caelo,

Sil. 11, 405:

nimbos luxu,

Val. Fl. 2, 371.

ēdŭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. educo, II. A. 4. b.], to bring up a child physically or mentally, to rear, to educate (very freq. and class.): educit obstetrix, educat nutrix, instituit paedagogus, docet magister, Varr. ap. Non. 447, 33 (but this distinction is not strictly observed; see the foll. and 1. educo, II. A. 4. b.).

Prop.:

hera educavit (puellam) magna industria,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 44 sq.:

Athenis natus altusque educatusque Atticis,

id. Rud. 3, 4, 36:

bene pudiceque educatu'st usque ad adolescentiam,

id. Capt. 5, 3, 16 et saep.; cf. id. Men. 5, 5, 7; id. Trin. 2, 4, 111 al.; Att. ap. Non. 422, 14; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37; id. Ad. 3, 4, 49; Cic. Lael. 20, 75; id. Rep. 2, 21; id. de Or. 1, 31; Ov. F. 6, 487; id. M. 3, 314; Vulg. Psa. 22, 2. —

Transf., to bring up, rear, foster, train, educate:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Or. 13 fin.; cf.:

ars dicendi ea, quae sunt orta jam in nobis et procreata, educat atque confirmat,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

in his (scholis) educatur orator,

Quint. 9, 2, 81:

oratorem, id. prooem. § 5: illos in disciplina,

Vulg. Ephes. 6, 4.—

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, of plants or animals, to nourish, support, produce:

quod pontus, quod terra, quod educat aër Poscit,

Ov. M. 8, 832; cf. id. Pont. 1, 10, 9:

vitis mitem uvam,

Cat. 62, 50:

pomum, non uvas (ager),

Ov. Pont. 1, 3, 51:

herbas (humus),

id. M. 15, 97:

Caecuba,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

florem (imber),

Cat. 62, 41 al.:

lepores, apros,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 22.—

To possess, hold (cf. nutrire = trephein), Verg. Cul. 13.

ē-vĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to carry out or forth, to convey out, lead forth (rare but class.).

Lit.:

omnia (signa) ex fanis, ex locis publicis palam plaustris evecta exportataque esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20:

aquas ex planis locis,

Liv. 1, 38 fin.; cf. Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224:

stercus (with exportare),

Cato R. R. 5, 8:

merces (opp. inveho),

Varr. R. R. 1, 16, 6; Dig. 10, 4, 5 et saep.:

incaute se evehentes Masinissa excipiebat,

throwing themselves out, rushing out, Liv. 29, 34:

naves in altum,

id. 25, 27.—In an upward direction; palmaque nobilis Terrarum dominos evehit ad deos, raises aloft, elevates, * Hor. C. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

aliquem ad aethera,

Verg. A. 6, 130:

ad auras,

Ov. M. 14, 127:

in caelum,

Juv. 1, 38.—

Reflex., to ride out or forth, to move out, move forth, proceed, advance, go, spread:

evectus effreno equo,

springing forwards, Liv. 4, 33: cf.

longius,

Tac. A. 12, 14:

de nocte,

Suet. Aug. 97 fin.:

evecti Aegeo mari Delum trajecerunt,

Liv. 44, 28 fin.; cf. id. 28, 30:

ad portum,

id. 37, 15 fin.:

in altum,

id. 21, 50:

ratibus ad regem,

Just. 2, 6 et saep.:

in ancoras evehi,

to run foul of the anchors, Liv. 22, 19.— With the acc. of the place:

evectus os amnis,

Curt. 9, 9 fin. —

To carry up, to convey upwards:

ut in collem Esquiliarium eveheretur,

Liv. 1, 48.—

Trop.

To carry forth, take out, spread abroad:

ut semel e Piraeeo eloquentia evecta est, omnes peragravit insulas,

went forth, Cic. Brut. 13, 51; cf.:

fama ejus evecta insulas,

Tac. A. 12, 36:

spe vana evectus,

carried forwards, Liv. 42, 62; cf.

inconsultius,

id. 35, 31;

and, longius,

Quint. 9, 3, 87:

magicae vanitates in tantum evectae, ut, etc.,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 18:

evectus sum longius,

I have made too long a digression, Amm. 15, 12, 6.—

In an upward direction, to raise or lift up, to elevate:

quem usque in tertium consulatum amicitia Principis evexerat,

Vell. 2, 90; cf.:

aliquos ad consulatus,

Tac. Or. 13; and:

imperium ad summum fastigium,

Curt. 4, 14, 20; cf.:

ad magnum culmen,

Amm. 16, 6.—In the part. perf., advanced, promoted:

consiliarii in summum evecti fastigium,

Vell. 2, 56, 3; cf. id. 2, 53, 3:

privatum supra modum evectae opes,

increased, Tac. A. 14, 52.— With dat.:

aliquem evehere summis honoribus,

Spart. Hadr. 15.

ex-pello, pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to drive out or away, thrust out or away, to eject, expel (class.).

Lit.:

haec tanta virtus ex hac urbe expelletur, exterminabitur, proicietur?

Cic. Mil. 37, 101:

me ex re publica,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 2:

expulsus atque ejectus e praedio Quinctius,

id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:

exturbari et expelli plebem ex agris,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 84: a patria, id. Sest. [p. 693] 13, 30:

naves ab litore in altum,

Liv. 41, 3, 2:

me domo mea expulistis, Pompeium domum suam compulistis,

Cic. Pis. 7, 16:

aliquos agris,

Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2:

humiliores possessionibus,

id. ib. 6, 22, 3:

hostes finibus,

id. ib. 4, 3 fin.; cf.:

finibus expulsus patriis,

Verg. A. 1, 620:

me civitate,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 1:

aliquem regno,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 5; cf.:

potestate expulsi,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5 et saep.:

nostri majores et Collatinum expulerunt, et reliquos Tarquinios,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31; cf.:

expulso Tarquinio (shortly after, pulso Tarquinio),

id. ib. 2, 30:

me in pace patriā meā expulit,

Liv. 35, 19, 4; so,

aliquam patriā,

Nep. Thras. 1, 5; id. Epam. 6, 3; cf.

also: in exsilium expulsus,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

Hannibalem in exsilium (Carthago),

Liv. 38, 50, 7: expulsa atque exturbata filia, rejected, repudiated (as a wife), Cic. Clu. 5, 14; so,

uxorem,

Just. 9, 5:

edicit suis, postero die porta Esquilina expellerent pecus,

drive out, Liv. 2, 11, 5:

sagittam arcu,

to let fly, shoot, Ov. M. 3, 381; cf.:

expulsuri tela nervos retro tendimus,

Quint. 10, 3, 6: se in auras (pondus), forced itself out. i. e. came forth, Ov. M. 9, 705:

ad componendum Orientis statum expulsus,

forced to hurry away, Suet. Calig. 1:

naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24.

Trop., to force out, drive out or away, expel, remove:

aliquem vita,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34; cf.

aevo,

Lucr. 3, 358:

me periculo,

delivered myself, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 41:

haec (superbiam, luxum, desidias, etc.) ex animo dictis,

Lucr. 5, 50:

laetitias ex omni pectore,

Cat. 76, 22:

corde desidiam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:

curas pectore,

Luc. 3, 53:

per vulnera mille Sontem animam,

Ov. M. 6, 617:

vitam,

Tac. A. 16, 19:

morbum bilemque helleboro meraco,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 137:

somnos (haec dicta),

Ov. H. 14, 72; cf.

quietem,

id. M. 8, 830:

quae res omnem dubitationem adventus legionum expulit,

removed, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 fin.:

beneficiorum memoriam,

id. B. C. 1, 34, 3; Quint. 6, 8, 16:

spem metus expulerat,

Ov. F. 6, 245:

sententia expulsa,

rejected, Plin. Ep. 8, 14 fin.: dedititios per constitutionem, to abolish as a class, i. e. to remove the legal disabilities of, Just, Inst. 1, 5, 3.

ex-pugno, āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic inf. fut. expugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55), v. a., to take by assault, to storm, capture, reduce, subdue (freq. and class.; syn.: obsideo, oppugno, capio).

Lit., of places:

id (oppidum Noviodunum) ex itinere oppugnare conatus, expugnare non potuit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12, 2:

oppidum,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4;

3, 14, 1 al.: nonnullas urbes per vim,

id. B. C. 3, 55, 3:

urbem,

Liv. 2, 12, 1:

Cirtam armis,

Sall. J. 23, 1:

castellum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9, 4; 3, 1, 4:

loca multa,

Nep. Ages. 3:

moenia mundi,

Lucr. 2, 1144 et saep.—

Transf., of other objects (things or persons), to subdue, overcome, break down or through, sweep away:

naves,

Caes. B. G. 3, 15, 2 and 5:

aedes,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 3; cf.

villas,

Sall. J. 44, 5:

carcerem,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 76:

Philippum et Nabin expugnatos,

conquered, Liv. 37, 25, 6; cf.:

inclusos moenibus expugnat,

Curt. 9, 4:

aliquos,

id. 6, 6; Tac. Agr. 41; Flor. 2, 2, 16; Just. 3, 5:

expugnavi amanti herili filio aurum ab suo patre,

obtained by force, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 5.—Of inanimate subjects:

flumina id oppidum expugnavere,

swept away, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 138:

Euphrates Taurum expugnat,

i. e. breaks through, id. 5, 24, 20, § 85:

lacte equino venena et toxica expugnantur,

are counteracted, id. 28, 10, 45, § 159.—

Trop., to conquer, subdue, overcome:

sapientis animus magnitudine consilii, tolerantia, virtutibus, etc.... vincetur et expugnabitur,

Cic. Par. 4, 1, 27:

nihil tam munitum, quod non expugnari pecuniā possit,

id. Verr. 1, 2, 4:

fortunas patrias,

id. Clu. 13, 36:

pudicitiam,

to violate, id. Cael. 20; 50:

aut enim expugnatur intentio aut adsumptio aut conclusio, nonnumquam omnia,

i. e. is refuted, confuted, Quint. 5, 14, 20 sq.:

pertinaciam legatorum,

Liv. 37, 56, 9:

paupertatem,

Petr. 126:

expugnatus precibus uxoris,

Suet. Tib. 21;

so simply expugnatus,

id. Caes. 1; id. Vesp. 22:

coepta,

to fight through, to accomplish, Ov. M. 9, 619; cf.: sibi legationem expugnavit, extorted, wrung out, obtained (= extorsit), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 44.—With ut:

aliqua ratione expugnasset iste, ut dies tollerentur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130:

aegre expugnavit, ut, etc.,

Petr. 108.—Hence, * ex-pugnans, antis, P. a., efficient, efficacious:

expugnantior herba,

Ov. M. 14, 21 (so Jahn and Bach., Merkel, expugnacior).

firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [firmus], to make firm or fast, to strengthen, fortify, support (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

lacertos,

Lucr. 6, 397:

corpora juvenum firmari labore voluerunt,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

corpora cibo,

Liv. 27, 13 fin.:

vexatos milites quiete,

Curt. 9, 10:

praegnantes largo pascuo,

Col. 6, 27, 10:

bitumen aeramentis illinitur firmatque ea contra ignes,

Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 182:

remedium ad dentium mobilĭs firmandos,

id. 21, 31, 105, § 180:

aestuaria aggeribus et pontibus,

Tac. A. 4, 73:

vestigia,

Verg. A. 3, 659:

gradum,

Quint. 9, 4, 129:

alvum solutam,

to bind, Cels. 1, 3; Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117.—

Trop.

In gen., to fortify, strengthen, secure; to make lasting, durable, permanent:

(Romulus) urbem auspicato condere, et firmare dicitur primum cogitavisse rem publicam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

urbem colonis firmare,

id. ib. 2, 18; so,

novam civitatem,

id. ib. 2, 7:

provinciam pace praesidiisque,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 4:

locum magnis munitionibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3:

turres praesidiis,

Sall. J. 23, 1:

aditum urbis,

Verg. A. 11, 466:

aciem subsidiis,

Liv. 9, 17, 15:

latronum opes firmare atque augere,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40;

in aliquos imperium,

id. Sull. 11, 32:

vocem,

id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

firmari consuetudine,

Quint. 11, 3, 24:

quorum (hominum) cum adolescentiae cupiditates defervissent, eximiae virtutes firmata jam aetate exstiterunt,

Cic. Cael. 18, 43; cf.:

animus adolescentis nondum consilio ac ratione firmatus,

id. Clu. 6, 13:

firmata stirpe virtutis,

id. Cael. 32, 79:

pacem amicitiamque,

Liv. 9, 3, 10:

memoria praecipue firmatur atque alitur exercitatione,

Quint. 1, 1, 36; so,

memoriam,

id. 2, 4, 15:

opinio omnium gentium firmata consensu,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

non tamen pro firmato stetit magistratus ejus jus,

Liv. 4, 7, 3.—

In partic.

To strengthen in resolution, to encourage, animate:

cujus adventus Pompeianos compressit nostrosque firmavit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 65, 2:

donec firmaret consilio patres auctor,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 46: suos, Just. 2, 11:

plebem hinc provocatione, hinc tribunicio auxilio,

Liv. 3, 55:

cunctos alloquio et cura sibique et proelio,

Tac. A. 1, 71:

animum exemplis,

id. ib. 16, 35:

animum praesenti pignore,

Verg. A. 3, 611:

firmatus animi,

Sall. Hist. Fragm. 3, 24, p. 236 ed. Gerl. (ap. Arus. Mess. p. 232 ed. Lindem.).—

In fidelity, to make sure of, secure:

civitates obsidibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27.—

to confirm, show, prove; to affirm, assert, declare, promise the correctness or truth of a circumstance, statement, etc. (less freq. than confirmo, affirmo):

cum intelligat, quam multa firmentur jure jurando,

Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16:

si vis et natura fati ex divinationis ratione firmabitur,

id. Fat. 5, 11:

firmatam dare fidem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 45; so,

fidem,

Ter. And. 3, 1, 4; id. Hec. 4, 2, 5:

vix quidquam firmare ausim,

Tac. A. 1, 81; 6, 6; id. H. 2, 9:

hoc genus in rebus firmandum est multa prius quam Ipsius rei rationem reddere possis,

to prove, Lucr. 6, 917:

da augurium, atque haec omina firma,

Verg. A. 2, 691; so,

numina,

id. ib. 8, 78.—

With object-clauses:

seque et ibi futurum, ubi praescripserit et ea facturum, quae imperarit obsidibus datis firmat,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 9; cf.:

paratis omnium animis reversuros firmaverunt,

Tac. H. 2, 9:

firmare necesse est, nil esse in promptu, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 940.—In pass. with a subject-clause:

sata bene provenire firmantur,

Pall. 11, 12.

formŭla, ae, f. dim. [forma, I. B.], acc. to the different signiff. of forma.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) A fine form, beauty:

formula atque aetatula,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47.—

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 2.)

A small pattern, mould, last, acc. to which any thing is formed:

calcei,

Amm. 31, 2, 6.—

Transf., any thing made in a mould, a form, of cheese:

solidatae,

Pall. Mai. 9, 2. —

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 3.) A conduit, pipe of an aqueduct, Front. Aquaed. 36.—

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 4.) Jurid. t. t., a form, rule, method, formula for regulating judicial proceedings (the usual meaning; cf.:

norma, regula, praescriptum): ut stipulationum et judiciorum formulas componam?

Cic. Leg. 1, 4 fin.:

in testamentorum formulis, hoc est, in medio jure civili versari,

id. de Or. 1, 39 fin.; cf.

antiquae,

id. Brut. 52, 195:

postulationum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 147:

angustissima sponsionis,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

fiduciae,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

de dolo malo,

id. Off. 3, 14, 60:

illa gloria militaris vestris formulis atque actionibus anteponenda est,

id. Mur. 13, 29 init.:

sunt jura, sunt formulae de omnibus rebus constitutae,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24: a praetore postulat, ut sibi Quinctius judicatum solvi [p. 770] satis det ex formula:

QVOD AB EO PETAT, CVIVS EX EDICTO PRAETORIS BONA DIES XXX. POSSESSA SINT,

id. Quint. 8, 30:

quod in foro atrocitate formularum dijudicatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 37:

vis hanc formulam cognitionis esse, ut, etc.,

the rule of evidence on which the inquiry is conducted, Liv. 40, 12, 20.— On the formulae of actions, constituting a sort of code of procedure, v. Gai. Inst. 4, 30-48; and on the legal forms of the Romans in general, cf. Rein's Röm. Privatr. p. 440 sq.—

Transf.

In gen., for causa, a lawsuit, action, process (post-Aug.):

quid enim aliud agitis, cum eum, quem interrogatis, scientes in fraudem impellitis, quam ut formulā cecidisse videatur,

Sen. Ep. 48 fin.:

formulā cadere,

Quint. 3, 6, 69 (for which, in Cic., causā cadere):

formulā excidere,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Esp.:

for mula letalis,

a death-warrant, Amm. 14, 1, 3.—

Beyond the legal sphere.

In publicists' lang., any form of contract, covenant, agreement, regulation:

Acarnanas restituturum se in antiquam formulam jurisque ac dicionis eorum,

Liv. 26, 24, 6 Drak.:

citaverunt legatos, quaesiveruntque ab iis, ecquid milites ex formula paratos haberent?

id. 27, 10, 2 sq.:

aliquos in sociorum formulam referre,

id. 43, 6, 10:

(oppidum) Paracheloïda, quae sub Athamania esset, nullo iure Thessalorum formulae factam (= inique juris Thessalorum factum),

id. 39, 26, 2.—

In gen., a rule, principle:

ut sine ullo errore dijudicare possimus, si quando cum illo, quod honestum intelligimus, pugnare id videbitur, quod appellamus utile, formula quaedam constituenda est... erit autem haec formula Stoicorum rationi disciplinaeque maxime consentanea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 4, 19 sq.:

certa quaedam disciplinae formula,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

formulam exprimere,

id. Or. 11, 36:

cujusque generis nota et formula,

id. ib. 23, 75:

consuetudinis nostrae,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20.—

A condition, relation (post-Aug.):

natio redacta in formulam provinciae,

Vell. 2, 28, 1.

fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. [root FUD; Gr. CHU, cheW-, in cheô, cheusô;

Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc.,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to pour, pour out, shed.

Lit., of fluids.

In gen.:

(natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 812:

sanguinem e patera,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46:

novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 3:

vina paterā in aras,

Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.:

vinum inter cornua,

id. ib. 7, 594:

vinum super aequora,

id. ib. 11, 247:

duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi,

Verg. A. 5, 78:

laticem urnis,

Ov. M. 3, 172:

lacrimas,

Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. [p. 793] 5, 540:

fundit Anigros aquas,

pours out, id. ib. 15, 282:

parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis?

shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

sanguine ob rem publicam fuso,

Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum),

Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.:

memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi,

discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38:

ingentibus procellis fusus imber,

pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.:

sanguis in corporibus fusus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.—

In partic.

Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:

exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46:

caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

aere fuso,

id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

vitrum,

id. 34, 14, 42, § 148:

glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83:

ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur,

Quint. 2, 1, 12:

fusis omnibus membris (statuae),

id. 7 praef. §

2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—

In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—

Transf.

To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid ( poet. and very rare):

(ossa) niveo fundere lacte,

Tib. 3, 2, 20:

multo tempora funde mero,

id. 1, 7, 50.—

Of things non-fluid.

In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:

desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim,

Liv. 2, 5, 3:

picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4:

tela,

Val. Fl. 3, 243:

sagittam,

Sil. 7, 647:

(solis) radios per opaca domorum,

Lucr. 2, 115:

quas (maculas) incuria fudit,

has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352:

fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi,

pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611:

se cuncta manus ratibus,

id. 2, 662:

littera fundens se in charta,

Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

luna se fundebat per fenestras,

Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.:

ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

homines fusi per agros ac dispersi,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

In partic.

With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):

crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt,

Lucr. 1, 351; cf.:

terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

flores aut fruges aut bacas,

id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

frugem,

id. de Sen. 15, 51:

plus materiae (vites),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt,

id. 18, 10, 21, § 95:

facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

(terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne,

Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917:

fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti,

Verg. G. 1, 13:

Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit,

Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—

With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:

(victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur,

Liv. 9, 43, 20:

nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi,

Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533:

aliquem arcu,

Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force:

fundi in alga,

to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy:

hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.:

exercitus caesus fususque,

id. ib. 14, 1, 1:

aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare,

Sall. J. 58, 3:

Gaetulos,

id. ib. 88, 3:

classes fusae fugataeque,

id. ib. 79, 4; cf.:

si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes,

Liv. 35, 1, 8:

hostes de jugis,

id. 9, 43, 20:

Gallos de delubris vestris,

id. 6, 16, 2:

eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.:

Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi,

id. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.:

quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli,

id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2;

less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque,

Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3:

magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20:

Sabinos equitatu fudit,

id. Rep. 2, 20:

Armeniorum copias,

id. Arch. 9, 21:

maximas copias parva manu,

Sall. C. 7, 7.

Trop.

Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:

imago de corpore fusa,

Lucr. 4, 53:

animam moribundo corpore fudit,

id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700:

concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit,

Verg. A. 2, 532:

circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant,

poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106:

quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit,

Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11:

cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator,

will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125:

superstitio, fusa per gentes,

id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84:

neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas,

id. 12, 2, 23:

fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua,

riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.:

quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant,

to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.:

modo virtus latius funditur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and:

semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur,

id. 5, 30, 92:

saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

id. Or. 62, 210.—

In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:

per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus,

id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56:

inanes sonos,

id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which:

inani voce sonare,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 48):

sonum,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere),

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.:

grave plenumque carmen,

id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam,

id. ib. 1, 44, 107:

physicorum oracula,

id. N. D. 1, 26, 66:

has ore loquelas,

Verg. A. 5, 842:

preces pectore ab imo,

id. ib. 6, 55; so,

preces,

id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53:

mera mendacia,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33:

jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia?

you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7:

opprobria rustica,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

iras inanes,

Val. Fl. 3, 697:

vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121:

preces,

App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse.

Lit.:

(aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.:

toga (opp. restricta),

wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73:

Gallorum fusa et candida corpora,

full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9:

campi in omnem partem,

extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.:

non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino,

a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—

Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:

genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.:

constricta an latius fusa narratio,

Quint. 2, 13, 5:

materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa,

id. 2, 4, 7:

ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5:

(vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta),

unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64:

periodus,

id. 9, 4, 128:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 130:

lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra,

Gell. 2, 26, 7:

in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

plenior Aeschines et magis fusus,

id. 10, 1, 77:

dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides),

id. 10, 1, 73.— Sup. seems not to occur.— Adv.: fūse.

(Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:

(manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 97.—

(Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:

quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36:

multa dicere fuse lateque,

id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57:

fuse lateque dicendi facultas,

id. Or. 32, 113:

fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta),

id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.— Comp.:

haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur),

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

fusius et ornatius rem exponere,

Quint. 4, 2, 128.— Sup. seems not to occur.

fundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [fundus], to lay the bottom, keel, foundation of a thing, to found (syn.: condo, exstruo, etc.).

Lit. (perh. only poet.):

haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est,

i. e. is laid, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44 (v. Ritschl ad h. l.);

dum mea puppis erat validā fundata carinā,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 5; id. H. 16, 111:

Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae,

is founded, Verg. A. 5, 759: sedes saxo vetusto. id. ib. 8, 478:

arces,

id. ib. 4, 260.—

Transf., in gen., to fasten, secure, make firm:

dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

Verg. A. 6, 4:

(genus humanum) Et majoribus et solidis magis ossibus intus Fundatum,

Lucr. 5, 928; 4, 828.—

Trop., to found, establish, fix, confirm (class., esp. in part. perf.; cf.:

firmo, stabilio): illud vero maxime nostrum fundavit imperium et populi Romani nomen auxit, quod, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 13, 31; cf.:

quantis laboribus fundatum imperium,

id. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

qui (rei publicae status) bonorum omnium conjunctione et auctoritate consulatus mei fixus et fundatus videbatur,

id. Att. 1, 16, 6:

accurate non modo fundata verum etiam exstructa disciplina,

id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; cf.:

fundati a doctore,

thoroughly instructed, Lact. 6, 21, 4:

res publica praeclare fundata,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10; cf.:

qui legibus urbem Fundavit,

Verg. A. 6, 810:

in eorum agro sedes fundare Bastarnis,

Liv. 40, 57, 5:

libertatem, salutem, securitatem,

Plin. Pan. 8, 1:

jus civile,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 39:

vacuos Penates prole,

Stat. S. 4, 7, 30; cf.:

thalamos Tritonide nympha,

i. e. to marry, Sil. 2, 65:

partis et fundatis amicitiis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

fundatae atque optime constitutae opes,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 1; cf.:

nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

well laid out, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

nihil veritate fundatum,

Cic. Fl. 11, 26; cf. Lucr. 5, 161.— Hence, fundātus, a, um, P. a., firm, fixed, grounded, durable (very rare).

Lit.:

quo fundatior erit ex arenato directura, etc.,

Vitr. 7, 3 med.:

si permanetis in fide fundati,

Vulg. Col. 1, 23.—

Trop.: deflevi subitas fundatissimae familiae ruinas, Auct. Or. pro Domo, 36, 96.

gestus, a, um, Part., from gero.

gestus, ūs, m. [gero].

Lit. (the bearing, i. e. motion of the body, or of a part of the body, esp. of the hand or arm), carriage, posture, attitude, motion, gesture (class.; cf. actus).

In gen.:

gestum imitari,

Lucr. 4, 343; cf. ib. 367:

a forma removeatur omnis viro non dignus ornatus, et huic simile vitium in gestu motuque caveatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130:

nunc gestus mihi vultusque est capiundus novus,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50:

hoc quidem Zeno gestu conficiebat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 145:

gratificatur mihi gestu accusator,

id. Balb. 6, 14:

gestum manus Ceycis habebat,

Ov. M. 11, 673:

ab avium gestu gestuque,

motion, Suet. Aug. 7:

quo gestu gallina secetur,

Juv. 5, 124.— Plur.: nec flecti cervix nec brachia reddere gestus, Nec pes ire potest, Ov. M. 6, 308.—

In partic., a gesture, gesticulation of actors or orators according to the rules of art:

numquam agit hunc versum Roscius eo gestu, quo potest, sed abjicit prorsus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; cf. id. Quint. 24, 77:

gestus histrionis,

id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

convenit igitur in gestu nec venustatem conspiciendam nec turpitudinem esse, ne aut histriones aut operarii videamur esse,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26; cf.:

vox et gestus subito sumi et aliunde arripi non potest,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

omnis actio in duas partes divisa, vocem gestumque,

Quint. 11, 3, 14; id. 2, 59, 242:

tardiore et consideratiore gestu uti,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27: jactantior, Cael. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 51:

acer atque instans,

Quint. 11, 3, 92:

certus sed paulo productior,

id. ib.:

comicus magis quam oratorius,

id. ib. 125 et saep.— Plur.:

histrionum nonnulli gestus ineptiis non vacant,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130:

alterni,

Quint. 6, 3, 65:

breves,

id. 11, 3, 100: quae (concinnitas) verborum collocationem illuminat his luminibus, quae Graeci quasi aliquos gestus orationis schêmata appellant, Cic. Or. 25, 83; Quint. 9, 1, 13;

and without quasi,

Gell. 11, 13, 10:

Urbicus risum movet gestibus Autonoes,

Juv. 6, 72.—

(Acc. to gero, II. B. 3.) A management, administration (post-class.), Dig. 26, 10, 3, § 9; ib. 7, 23; ib. 5, § 2.

grăvis, e, adj. [Sanscr. gurus (root gar-); Gr. barus, heavy; gravis, for gar-uis; cf. also Brutus]. With respect to weight, heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome; or pass., loaded, laden, burdened (opp. levis, light; in most of its significations corresp. to the Gr. barus; cf. onerosus, onerarius).

Lit. Absol. or with abl.

In gen.: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; so,

tellus,

Ov. M. 7, 355:

corpora,

Lucr. 2, 225 sq.; cf. id. 5, 450 sq.:

limus,

id. 5, 496:

in eo etiam cavillatus est, aestate grave esse aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83:

navigia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere,

Hor. Epod. 4, 17:

cum gravius dorso (aselli) subiit onus,

id. S. 1, 9, 21:

sarcina,

id. Ep. 1, 13, 6: inflexi grave robur aratri, Verg. G. 1, 162:

cujus (tibicinae) Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26: terra, burdened (by the heavy body), Ov. M. 12, 118:

naves hostilibus spoliis graves,

heavily laden, Liv. 29, 35, 5; cf.:

agmen grave praedā,

id. 21, 5, 8;

for which also simply: grave agmen,

id. 31, 39, 2:

miles,

heavy-armed, Tac. A. 12, 35:

gravis aere dextra,

Verg. E. 1, 36:

cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo,

i. e. filled, full, id. A. 6, 516 (an imitation of Maximo saltu superavit Gravidus armatis equus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; v. gravidus, II. b):

graves imbre nubes,

Liv. 28, 15, 11:

graves fructu vites,

Quint. 8, 3, 8:

gravis vinculis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 10.—

In partic.

With respect to value or number, heavy, great. So, aes grave, heavy money, money of the oldest standard, in which an as weighed a full pound: grave aes dictum a pondere, quia deni asses, singuli pondo libras, efficiebant denarium, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 98 Müll.:

et quia nondum argentum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris quidam (ex patribus) ad aerarium convehentes, etc.,

Liv. 4, 60, 6; 10, 46, 5; 22, 33, 2 et saep.:

populus Romanus ne argento quidem signato ante Pyrrhum regem devictum usus est: librales appendebantur asses. Quare aeris gravis poena dicta,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42: argentum, i. e. uncoined = rude:

placet argentum grave rustici patris sine ullo opere et nomine artificis,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 4:

notavit aliquos, quod pecunias levioribus usuris mutuati graviore fenore collocassent,

at a higher rate, Suet. Aug. 39; cf.:

in graviore annona,

id. ib. 25: grave pretium, a high price, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 314, 25.—With respect to number: graves pavonum greges, great or numerous flocks, Varr. ap. Non. 314, 31. —

For the usual gravidus, with young, pregnant ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

regina sacerdos Marte gravis,

Verg. A. 1, 274; cf.

uterus (shortly after: gravidus tumet venter),

Ov. M. 10, 495:

balaenae utero graves (shortly before, gravidae),

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 13.—

Transf.

Of hearing or sound, deep, grave, low, bass (opp. acutus, treble):

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. id. ib. 3, 57, 216:

qui (sonus) acuta cum gravibus temperans, varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 17; 42: sonus, 2, 8, 15; 5, 10, 125; 11, 3, 41; Ov. M. 12, 203:

tenor,

Quint. 1, 5, 26:

syllaba,

i. e. unaccented, id. 1, 5, 22 sq.; 12, 10, 33.—

Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive:

an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis,

rank, Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

chelydri,

Verg. G. 3, 415:

ellebori,

id. ib. 3, 451:

odor calthae,

strong, Plin. 21, 6, 15, § 28; cf.:

herba odore suaviter gravi,

id. 25, 9, 70, § 118; cf.

117: habrotonum odore jucunde gravi floret,

id. 21, 10, 34, § 60: absynthium ut bibam gravem, i. e. bitter, Varr. ap. Non. 19, 27, and 314, 14.—

Of the state of the body or health, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe; sick:

(Cleanthes) negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24; so,

genera cibi graviora,

Cels. 2, 18:

gravissima bubula (caro),

id. ib.:

pisces gravissimi,

id. ib.:

neque ex salubri loco in gravem, neque ex gravi in salubrem transitus satis tutus est,

id. 1, 3; cf.:

solum caelumque juxta grave,

Tac. H. 5, 7:

solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra,

Verg. E. 10, 75:

anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 1; cf.:

gravis auctumnus in Apulia circumque Brundisium ex saluberrimis Galliae et Hispaniae regionibus, omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

grave tempus et forte annus pestilens erat urbi agrisque,

Liv. 3, 6, 1; cf. also id. 3, 8, 1:

aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 377:

morbo gravis,

sick, id. ib. 3, 95; cf.:

gravis vulnere,

Liv. 21, 48, 4:

aetate et viribus gravior,

id. 2, 19, 6:

gravior de vulnere,

Val. Fl. 6, 65:

non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fetas,

sick, feeble, Verg. E. 1, 50; so absol.:

aut abit in somnum gravis,

heavy, languid, Lucr. 3, 1066.

Trop.

In a bad sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant (syn.: molestus, difficilis, arduus): qui labores morte finisset graves, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115:

quod numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse senserim... quibus nihil est in ipsis opis ad bene beateque vivendum, iis omnis aetas gravis est,

Cic. de Sen. 2, 4; cf.:

onus officii,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; id. Rep. 1, 23:

et facilior et minus aliis gravis aut molesta vita est otiosorum,

id. Off. 1, 21, 70; id. Rep. 1, 4:

miserior graviorque fortuna,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

haec si gravia aut acerba videantur, multo illa gravius aestimare debere, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 14 fin.:

velim si tibi grave non erit, me certiorem facias,

Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

grave est homini pudenti petere aliquid magnum,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 4:

est in populum Romanum grave, non posse, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 24:

verbum gravius,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret... quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 1 and 4:

gravissimum supplicium,

id. ib. 1, 31, 15:

habemus senatusconsultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

edictum,

Liv. 29, 21, 5:

gravioribus bellis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40:

gravis esse alicui,

id. Fam. 13, 76, 2; cf.:

adversarius imperii,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86:

gravior hostis,

Liv. 10, 18, 6:

senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, ne sint iis odiosi et graves,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

gravis popularibus esse coepit,

Liv. 44, 30, 5.—Prov.:

gravis malae conscientiae lux est,

Sen. Ep. 122.—

In a good sense, weighty, important, grave; with respect to character, of weight or authority, eminent, venerable, great:

numquam erit alienis gravis, qui suis se concinnat levem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

ea (honestas) certe omni pondere gravior habenda est quam reliqua omnia,

id. Off. 3, 8, 35; id. Deiot. 2, 5:

cum gravibus seriisque rebus satisfecerimus,

id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

auctoritas clarissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf. causa, Lucil. ap. Non. 315, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 3; Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

gravius erit tuum unum verbum ad eam rem, quam centum mea,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 107:

ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur: quae tamen gravis et magna remanebat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis,

id. Brut. 95, 325:

gravior oratio,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 227:

nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 6, 16:

inceptis gravibus et magna professis,

Hor. A. P. 14:

exemplum grave praebet ales, etc.,

id. C. 4, 11, 26:

non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloria clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, aut humanitate politiores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

et esse et videri omnium gravissimus et severissimus,

id. ib. 2, 56, 228:

homo prudens et gravis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 38:

neque oratio abhorrens a persona hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15 fin.:

auctor,

id. Pis. 6, 14:

testis,

id. Fam. 2, 2:

non idem apud graves viros, quod leviores (decet),

Quint. 11, 1, 45:

vir bonus et gravis,

id. 11, 3, 184:

gravissimi sapientiae magistri,

id. 12, 1, 36:

tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere,

Verg. A. 1, 151:

gravissima civitas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

gravem atque opulentam civitatem vineis et pluteis cepit,

an important city, Liv. 34, 17, 12.— Hence, adv.: grăvĭter.

Weightily, heavily, ponderously (very rare):

aëra per purum graviter simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 302; cf.:

graviter cadere,

id. 1, 741; Ov. P. 1, 7, 49.—

Transf.

Of tones, deeply:

natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; Lucr. 4, 543.—Far more freq.,

Vehemently, strongly, violently:

graviter crepuerunt fores,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52; so,

spirantibus flabris,

Lucr. 6, 428; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 2:

pertentat tremor terras,

Lucr. 6, 287:

ferire aliquem,

Verg. A. 12, 295:

conquassari omnia,

Lucr. 5, 105; cf.:

quae gravissime afflictae erant naves,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31, 2.—

Trop.

Vehemently, violently, deeply, severely; harshly, unpleasantly, disagreeably:

graviter aegrotare,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32:

se habere,

id. Att. 7, 2, 3:

neque is sum, qui gravissime ex vobis mortis periculo terrear,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 2:

gravissime dolere,

id. ib. 5, 54 fin.:

quem ego amarem graviter,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.: placere occoepit graviter, postquam est mortua, [p. 829] Caecil. ap. Non. 314, 19:

tibi edepol iratus sum graviter,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 2:

cives gravissime dissentientes,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27:

si me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

graviter angi,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

tulit hoc commune dedecus jam familiae graviter filius,

with chagrin, vexation, id. Clu. 6, 16; cf.:

graviter et acerbe aliquid ferre,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

graviter accipere aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; Tac. A. 13, 36; cf.:

adolescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

nolo in illum gravius dicere,

more harshly, id. Ad. 1, 2, 60; cf.:

de amplissimis viris gravissime acerbissimeque decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4; id. B. G. 3, 16, 4; cf.

also: severe et graviter et prisce agere,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

ut non gravius accepturi viderentur, si nuntiarentur omnibus eo loco mortem oppetendam esse,

more sorrowfully, Liv. 9, 4, 6.—

In an impressive or dignified manner, impressively, gravely, seriously, with propriety or dignity:

his de rebus tantis tamque atrocibus neque satis me commode dicere neque satis graviter conqueri neque satis libere vociferari posse intelligo. Nam commoditati ingenium, gravitati aetas, libertati tempora sunt impedimento,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9:

(Scipio) utrumque egit graviter,

with dignity, id. Lael. 21, 77:

res gestas narrare graviter,

id. Or. 9, 30; cf.:

locum graviter et copiose tractare,

id. Fin. 4, 2, 5.

hŏnōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( depon.:

Dionysius Platonem in litore occurrens honoratus est,

Sol. 1, § 123; 2, § 26; Ampel. 2, 5) [honor], to clothe or adorn with honor; to honor, respect; to adorn, ornament, embellish, decorate (class.; cf.

honeste): mortem ejus (Ser. Sulpicii) non monumento sed luctu publico esse honorandam putarem,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 5:

ornandi honorandique potestas,

id. ib. 5, 17, 45 Orell. N. cr.:

honorandus sum, quia tyrannum occidi (opp. puniendus),

Quint. 3, 6, 74; cf. id. 7, 4, 41:

Amphiaraüm sic honoravit fama Graeciae,

Cic. Div. 1, 40, 88:

virtutem,

id. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

aliquos sellis curulibus, toga praetexta, corona triumphali laureaque honorare,

Liv. 10, 7, 9: populum congiariis, to honor, i. e. present, Vell. 2, 129, 3;

cf: nisi in arena passi sunt se honorari,

Dig. 3, 1, 1; 48, 10, 15:

honoratus equestri statua,

Vell. 2, 61, 3:

Apollo lyram modo nato flore honorabat,

adorned, Petr. 83:

lato clavo vel equo publico similive honore honorari,

Ulp. Fragm. 7, 1.—Hence, hŏnō-rātus, a, um, P. a., honored, respected; honorable, respectable, distinguished.

In gen. [class.):

qui honorem sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281:

satis honestam honoratamque imaginem fore,

Liv. 36, 40, 9: beati, qui honorati sunt, videntur;

miseri autem, qui sunt inglorii,

Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 32:

clari et honorati viri,

id. de Sen. 7, 22:

homo et princeps,

id. Off. 1, 39, 138:

honoratus et nobilis Thucydides,

id. Or. 9, 32:

Achilles,

Hor. A. P. 120:

cani,

Ov. M. 8, 9:

praefectura,

Cic. Planc. 8, 19:

amici,

i. e. courtiers, Liv. 40, 54, 6:

rus,

granted as a mark of honor, Ov. M. 15, 617; cf.

sedes,

Tac. A. 2, 63.— Comp.:

Dionysius apud me honoratior fuit, quam apud Scipionem Panaetius,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 2:

spes honoratioris militiae,

Liv. 32, 23, 9.— Sup.:

genus pollens atque honoratissimum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 28:

honoratissimo loco lectus,

Vell. 2, 76, 1:

honoratissimae imaginis vir,

Liv. 3, 58, 2:

genus assensus,

Tac. G. 11.—

In partic., honored by a public office, filling a post of honor, honorable, respectable (perh. not anteAug.):

praetor,

Ov. F. 1, 52:

consul honoratus vir,

id. P. 4, 5, 1:

honoratior,

Vell. 2, 54 fin.:

familia honorata magis quam nobilis,

Eutr. 7, 18: si quis forte honoratorum, decurionum, possessorum, etc., Cod. Th. 9, 27, 6; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 40; Inscr. Orell. 3540; 3971 al.; cf.:

HONORATVS AD CVRAM KALENDARII,

Inscr. Grut. 444, 5:

honoratae comae,

i. e. of a high magistrate, Ov. P. 2, 2, 92.—

Act., conferring honor, = honorificus (very rare):

senatus quam poterat honoratissimo decreto adlocutus eos mandat consulibus,

Liv. 27, 10, 6.—Hence, adv.: hŏnōrātē, with honor, honorably:

quam illum et honorate nec secure continet?

Vell. 2, 129, 4:

quod filium honorate custodierant,

Tac. H. 4, 63.— Comp.:

utrum contumeliosius expulerint, an revocaverint honoratius,

Just. 5, 4, 13; Val. Max. 5, 1, 11. — Sup.:

aliquem honoratissime excipere,

Val. Max. 2, 10, 2.

impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet.):

cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

Verg. A. 1, 82:

vocales impellere pollice chordas,

to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

aequora remis,

id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

infidum remis marmor,

Verg. G. 1, 254:

impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

auras mugitibus,

Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

maternas aures Luctus,

Verg. G. 4, 349:

sensus,

Lucr. 1, 303:

colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

Suet. Calig. 57:

subitus antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19.—

In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

(navem) triplici versu (remorum),

Verg. A. 5, 119:

puppim remis velisque,

Sil. 1, 568:

ratem (levis aura),

Ov. M. 15, 697:

currum,

Val. Fl. 6, 6:

equum calce,

Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

cornipedem planta,

id. 2, 71:

Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

Verg. G. 4, 305:

fluctus (ventus),

Petr. 114:

aequor velis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

remos,

id. ib. 4, 594:

sagittam nervo,

to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

semen vehementius urinam impellit,

drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

impulit aciem,

forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

hostem primo impetu impulit,

id. 9, 27, 9:

impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

Vell. 2, 70, 1:

impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

Tac. H. 3, 16:

quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

id. ib. 4, 34;

78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

se in vulnus,

Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

Ov. M. 12, 552:

ferrum capulo tenus,

Sil. 9, 382:

(Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

id. 11, 270.

Trop.

To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.

Aliquem in aliquid:

nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

in fraudem impulsus,

id. Deiot. 12, 32:

in sermonem,

id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

Quint. 12, 10, 43.—

Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

id. Brut. 5, 19:

facile ad credendum,

id. Rep. 2, 10:

aliquos ad omne facinus,

id. ib. 6, 1:

ad maleficium,

Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

ad injuriam faciendam,

Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

ad scelus,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

ad bellum,

id. Sull. 13, 36:

ad crudelitatem,

Quint. 8, 3, 85:

ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—

With ut:

quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—

With a terminal adv.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

impulit huc animos,

Luc. 8, 454:

voluntates impellere quo velit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—

With inf.:

fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

Liv. 22, 6, 7:

quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—

With the simple acc.:

ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

cum praetor lictorem impellat,

Juv. 3, 128:

quis modo casus impulit hos,

id. 15, 120:

vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

(ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

Quint. 11, 1, 71:

hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

furore atque amentia impulsus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

hac impulsi occasione,

id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

Quint. 7, 1, 10:

cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

impulsum bellum,

Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—

Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

qui nullo impellente fallebant,

id. Fl. 8, 20:

uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

Quint. 12, 10, 48.—

To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

impellere ruentem,

to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

id. ib. 3, 2:

inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

impulsum bellum,

i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

id. 1, 149:

tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

implĭco ( inpl-), āvi, ātum, or (twice in Cic., and freq. since the Aug. per.) ŭi, ĭtum (v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 550 sq.), 1, v. a. [in-plico, to fold into; hence], to infold, involve, entangle, entwine, inwrap, envelop, encircle, embrace, clasp, grasp (freq. and class.; cf.: irretio, impedio).

Lit.:

involvulus in pampini folio se,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 64:

ut tenax hedera huc et illuc Arborem implicat errans,

Cat. 61, 35; cf. id. ib. 107 sq.:

et nunc huc inde huc incertos implicat orbes,

Verg. A. 12, 743:

dextrae se parvus Iulus Implicuit,

id. ib. 2, 724; cf.:

implicuit materno bracchia collo,

Ov. M. 1, 762:

implicuitque suos circum mea colla lacertos,

id. Am. 2, 18, 9:

implicuitque comam laevā,

grasped, Verg. A. 2, 552:

sertis comas,

Tib. 3, 6, 64:

crinem auro,

Verg. A. 4, 148:

frondenti tempora ramo,

id. ib. 7, 136; cf. Ov. F. 5, 220: in parte inferiore hic implicabatur caput, Afran. ap. Non. 123, 16 (implicare positum pro ornare, Non.):

aquila implicuit pedes atque unguibus haesit,

Verg. A. 11, 752:

effusumque equitem super ipse (equus) secutus Implicat,

id. ib. 10, 894:

congressi in proelia totas Implicuere inter se acies,

id. ib. 11, 632:

implicare ac perturbare aciem,

Sall. J. 59, 3:

(lues) ossibus implicat ignem,

Verg. A. 7, 355.—In part. perf.:

quini erant ordines conjuncti inter se atque implicati,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 4:

Canidia brevibus implicata viperis Crines,

Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

folium implicatum,

Plin. 21, 17, 65, § 105:

intestinum implicatum,

id. 11, 4, 3, § 9:

impliciti laqueis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 580:

Cerberos implicitis angue minante comis,

id. H. 9, 94:

implicitamque sinu absstulit,

id. A. A. 1, 561:

impliciti Peleus rapit oscula nati,

held in his arms, Val. Fl. 1, 264.

Trop.

In gen., to entangle, implicate, involve, envelop, engage:

di immortales vim suam... tum terrae cavernis includunt, tum hominum naturis implicant,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

contrahendis negotiis implicari,

id. Off. 2, 11, 40:

alienis (rebus) nimis implicari molestum esse,

id. Lael. 13, 45:

implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

implicari negotio,

id. Leg. 1, 3:

ipse te impedies, ipse tua defensione implicabere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 44; cf.: multis implicari erroribus, id. Tusc. 4, 27, 58:

bello,

Verg. A. 11, 109:

eum primo incertis implicantes responsis,

Liv. 27, 43, 3:

nisi forte implacabiles irae vestrae implicaverint animos vestros,

perplexed, confounded, id. 40, 46, 6:

paucitas in partitione servatur, si genera ipsa rerum ponuntur, neque permixte cum partibus implicantur,

are mingled, mixed up, Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 32: ut omnibus copiis conductis te implicet, ne ad me iter tibi expeditum sit, Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, D, 1:

tanti errores implicant temporum, ut nec qui consules nec quid quoque anno actum sit digerere possis,

Liv. 2, 21, 4.—In part. perf.:

dum rei publicae quaedam procuratio multis officiis implicatum et constrictum tenebat,

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 11:

Deus nullis occupationibus est implicatus,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 51; cf.:

implicatus molestis negotiis et operosis,

id. ib. 1, 20, 52:

animos dederit suis angoribus et molestiis implicatos,

id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3:

Agrippina morbo corporis implicata,

Tac. A. 4, 53:

inconstantia tua cum levitate, tum etiam perjurio implicata,

Cic. Vatin. 1, 3; cf. id. Phil. 2, 32, 81:

intervalla, quibus implicata atque permixta oratio est,

id. Or. 56, 187:

(voluptas) penitus in omni sensu implicata insidet,

id. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

quae quatuor inter se colligata atque implicata,

id. Off. 1, 5, 15:

natura non tam propensus ad misericordiam quam implicatus ad severitatem videbatur,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85;

and in the form implicitus, esp. with morbo (in morbum): quies necessaria morbo implicitum exercitum tenuit,

Liv. 3, 2, 1; 7, 23, 2; 23, 40, 1:

ubi se quisque videbat Implicitum morbo,

Lucr. 6, 1232:

graviore morbo implicitus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

implicitus in morbum,

Nep. Ages. 8, 6; Liv. 23, 34, 11:

implicitus suspicionibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 19; cf.:

implicitus terrore,

Luc. 3, 432:

litibus implicitus,

Hor. A. P. 424:

implicitam sinu abstulit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 562:

(vinum) jam sanos implicitos facit,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 87.—

In partic., to attach closely, connect intimately, to unite, join; in pass., to be intimately connected, associated, or related:

(homo) profectus a caritate domesticorum ac suorum serpat longius et se implicet primum civium, deinde mortalium omnium societate,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

omnes qui nostris familiaritatibus implicantur,

id. Balb. 27, 60:

(L. Gellius) ita diu vixit, ut multarum aetatum oratoribus implicaretur,

id. Brut. 47, 174:

quibus applicari expediet, non implicari,

Sen. Ep. 105, 5.— In part. perf.:

aliquos habere implicatos consuetudine et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 2:

implicatus amicitiis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 8:

familiaritate,

id. Pis. 29, 70:

implicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

id. Lael. 22, 85. —Hence,

implĭcātus ( inpl-), a, um, P. a., entangled, perplexed, confused, intricate:

nec in Torquati sermone quicquam implicatum aut tortuosum fuit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 3:

reliquae (partes orationis) sunt magnae, implicatae, variae, graves, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 14, 52: vox rauca et implicata, Sen. Apocol. med. — Comp.:

implicatior ad loquendum,

Amm. 26, 6, 18. — Sup.:

obscurissima et implicatissima quaestio,

Gell. 6, 2, 15:

ista tortuosissima et implicatissima nodositas,

Aug. Conf. 2, 10 init. —

im-plĭcĭtē ( inpl-), adv., intricately (rare):

non implicite et abscondite, sed patentius et expeditius,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69.

incesso, cessīvi (less freq. cessi. Tac H. 2, 23; 3, 77; Luc. 5, 680), 3, v. a. [incedo], to fall upon, assault, assail, attack (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit.:

quae (pars corporis) cum jaculis saxisque incesseretur,

Liv. 8, 24, 15:

vagos suos pro hostibus lapidibus incessebant,

id. 26, 10, 7; cf.:

infestis digitis ora et oculos,

Suet. Calig. 25; id. Claud. 8:

feras argenteis vasis incessivere tum primum noxii,

Plin. 33, 3, 16, § 53:

telorum lapidumque jactu,

Ov. M. 13, 566:

a pueris ii more quodam gentis saxis globosis, funda mare apertum incessentes exercebantur,

Liv. 38, 29, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

jaculis et voce superba Tecta incessentem,

Stat. Th. 11, 361; Sil. 1, 473.— Absol.:

saevis telis,

Ov. M. 14, 402:

stercore et caeno,

Suet. Vit. 17. —

Trop., to attack, assault, esp. with words, to reprove, reproach, accuse:

reges dictis protervis,

Ov. M. 13, 232:

aliquem verbis amaris,

Sil. 11, 209; cf. Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 31:

aliquem conviciis,

Suet. Tib. 11; id. Ner. 35:

adversarios maledictis,

id. ib. 23:

senatum diris exsecrationibus,

id. Claud. 12:

Sallustium noto epigrammate,

Quint. 8, 3, 29:

juvenes objurgatione justa,

Gell. 1, 2, 6:

nomen hominis acerba cavillatione,

Suet. Tib. 57 al.:

aliquem bello,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 76:

aliquem poenis,

id. Th. 1, 245:

aliquem criminibus,

to accuse him, Tac. H. 2, 23:

aliquem occultis suspicionibus,

id. ib. 3, 65:

aliquem ut tumidiorem,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

aliquem ut impium erga parentes,

Suet. Rhet. 6:

nomen ut argumentum morum incessit,

Quint. 5, 10, 31; cf.:

aliquem tamquam superbe saeveque egisset,

Tac. H. 3, 77:

sermonem cum risu aliquos incessentem,

Quint. 6, 3, 21:

si aut nationes totae aut ordines incessantur,

id. 6, 3, 35:

paucitatem, conspirationem, vilitatem, gratiam,

id. 5, 7, 23:

ne incesse moras,

Stat. Th. 11, 390.—Of a disease:

pestilentia incesserat pari clade in Romanos Poenosque,

Liv. 28, 46, 15:

tanta incesserit in ea castra vis morbi,

id. 29, 10, 3.—Of fear, etc.:

timor deinde patres incessit, ne, etc.,

Liv. 1, 17, 4:

super haec timor incessit Sabini belli,

id. 2, 27, 10:

tantus terror Tarquinium incessit,

id. 2, 7, 1.—Of other feelings:

cupido incessit animos juvenum, sciscitandi, etc.,

Liv. 1, 56, 10:

tanta admiratio miseratioque viri incessit homines, ut, etc.,

id. 9, 8, 11:

cura incesserat patres,

id. 4, 50, 7:

incessit omnes stupor et admiratio,

Just. 22, 6, 11.

impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet.):

cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

Verg. A. 1, 82:

vocales impellere pollice chordas,

to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

aequora remis,

id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

infidum remis marmor,

Verg. G. 1, 254:

impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

auras mugitibus,

Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

maternas aures Luctus,

Verg. G. 4, 349:

sensus,

Lucr. 1, 303:

colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

Suet. Calig. 57:

subitus antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19.—

In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

(navem) triplici versu (remorum),

Verg. A. 5, 119:

puppim remis velisque,

Sil. 1, 568:

ratem (levis aura),

Ov. M. 15, 697:

currum,

Val. Fl. 6, 6:

equum calce,

Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

cornipedem planta,

id. 2, 71:

Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

Verg. G. 4, 305:

fluctus (ventus),

Petr. 114:

aequor velis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

remos,

id. ib. 4, 594:

sagittam nervo,

to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

semen vehementius urinam impellit,

drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

impulit aciem,

forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

hostem primo impetu impulit,

id. 9, 27, 9:

impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

Vell. 2, 70, 1:

impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

Tac. H. 3, 16:

quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

id. ib. 4, 34;

78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

se in vulnus,

Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

Ov. M. 12, 552:

ferrum capulo tenus,

Sil. 9, 382:

(Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

id. 11, 270.

Trop.

To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.

Aliquem in aliquid:

nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

in fraudem impulsus,

id. Deiot. 12, 32:

in sermonem,

id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

Quint. 12, 10, 43.—

Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

id. Brut. 5, 19:

facile ad credendum,

id. Rep. 2, 10:

aliquos ad omne facinus,

id. ib. 6, 1:

ad maleficium,

Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

ad injuriam faciendam,

Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

ad scelus,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

ad bellum,

id. Sull. 13, 36:

ad crudelitatem,

Quint. 8, 3, 85:

ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—

With ut:

quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—

With a terminal adv.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

impulit huc animos,

Luc. 8, 454:

voluntates impellere quo velit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—

With inf.:

fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

Liv. 22, 6, 7:

quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—

With the simple acc.:

ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

cum praetor lictorem impellat,

Juv. 3, 128:

quis modo casus impulit hos,

id. 15, 120:

vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

(ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

Quint. 11, 1, 71:

hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

furore atque amentia impulsus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

hac impulsi occasione,

id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

Quint. 7, 1, 10:

cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

impulsum bellum,

Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—

Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

qui nullo impellente fallebant,

id. Fl. 8, 20:

uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

Quint. 12, 10, 48.—

To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

impellere ruentem,

to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

id. ib. 3, 2:

inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

impulsum bellum,

i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

id. 1, 149:

tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.