-
1 δέ
+ X 1554-155-259-1620-1298=4887 Gn 1,2; 2,6.10.12.14connecting part., often it cannot be translated Gn 2,12; and Gn 1,2; but Gn 2,6; rather (after neg.) Wis 2,11; introducing an apodosis after hypothetical or temporal protasis 2 Mc 1,34... μὲν... δὲ... on the one hand... on the other hand... Gn 38,23; δὲ καί but also, but even 2 Mc 12,13;ἔτι δὲ καί and (even) LtJ 40; καὶ... δέ and also, but also Wis 7,3Cf. AEJMELAEUS 1982 34-47.139.151-152 -
2 δέ
δέ (the following combinations are to be found elsewhere: μέν δέ v. μέν. τε δέ v. τε δὲ δή v. δή. δ' ὦν v. ὦν. δέ τοι v. τοι. δὲ καί v. also καί. δαὖτε v. also αὖτε. δαὖ v. αὖ. δἄρα v. ἄρα. Since δέ is normallv used in a purely connective capacity, a decision between progressive and adversative δέ must often be arbitrary.)1 adversative.a opposing one sentence to what precedes (*, = following negative sentence)ἰδοῖσα δ O. 2.41
λείφθη δὲ O. 2.43
μαθόντες δὲ O. 2.87
κρύψε δὲ O. 6.31
μαντεύσατο δ O. 7.32
ἔστι δὲ O. 8.77
φέροις δὲ O. 9.41
ἕπεται δ O. 13.47
ἐξίει δ *P. 1.91χρὴ δὲ P. 2.34
, P. 2.88φέρειν δ P. 2.93
ἁδόντα δ P. 2.96
“ πεύθομαι δ” P. 4.38κλέπτων δὲ P. 4.96
ἐσσὶ δ P. 4.269
φαντὶ δ P. 4.287
λῦσε δὲ P. 4.291
εἰμὶ δ P. 8.29
ἔλπομαι δ P. 11.55
πειρῶντι δὲ P. 10.67
ἐλᾷ δὲ N. 3.74
ἔστι δ N. 3.80
διείργει δὲ N. 6.2
εἴργει δὲ *N. 7.6τυχεῖν δ N. 7.55
χρὴ δ' Pae. 2.56
θνᾴσκει δὲ fr. 121. 4. πέφνε δὲ fr. 135.Χάρις δ O. 1.30
ἁμέραι δ O. 1.33
αἰὼν δ (v. l. τ) O. 2.10λάθα δὲ O. 2.18
πένθος δὲ O. 2.23
ῥοαὶ δ *O. 2.33 πολλοὶ δὲ *O. 6.11τεθμὸς δὲ O. 8.25
Ἑρμᾶ δὲ O. 8.91
νεῖκος δὲ O. 10.39
ἀστῶν δ P. 1.84
ἀμφοτέροισι δ P. 1.99
ἑτέροισι δὲ P. 2.52
στάθμας δὲ *P. 2.90αἰὼν δ P. 3.86
παυροῖς δὲ P. 3.115
Μοῖραι δ P. 4.145
πόνων δ *P. 5.54 φάει δὲ *P. 6.14βία δὲ P. 8.15
δαίμων δὲ P. 8.76
βαιὰ δ P. 9.77
πατὴρ δὲ P. 9.11
ναυσὶ δ P. 10.29
φθονεροὶ δ P. 11.54
φθονερὰ δ N. 4.39
ἄλλοισι δ N. 4.91
τιμὰ δὲ N. 7.31
ἐλπίδες δ N. 11.22
κερδέων δὲ N. 11.47
πάντα δ I. 1.60
αἰὼν δὲ I. 3.17
δαίμων δ I. 7.43
ματρὸς δὲ Pae. 2.29
κέντρον δὲ fr. 180. 3.ἴσαις δὲ O. 2.61
ὑγίεντα δεἴ τις O. 5.23
ἀκίνδυνοι δ O. 6.9
ἄλλα δ O. 8.12
τερπνὸν δ O. 8.53
ἄγνωμον δὲ O. 8.60
κεῖνα δὲ O. 8.62
εὐανθέα δ P. 2.62
ἀδύνατα δ P. 2.81
“ σὸν δἄνθος” P. 4.158πότνια δ P. 4.213
εὐδαίμων δὲ P. 10.22
μυριᾶν δ *N. 3.42ἑκόντι δ N. 6.57
πὰν δὲ N. 10.29
ἀρχαῖαι δ N. 11.37
Πανελλάνεσσι δ *I. 4.29ἰατὰ δ I. 8.15
ματαίων δὲ Pae. 4.34
ἐμπείρων δὲ fr. 110. σφετέραν δαἰνεῖ fr. 215. 3.ὡς δ O. 1.46
εἰ δὲ O. 1.64
, O. 1.108ὅσοι δ O. 2.68
εἰ δ O. 3.42
ὅσσα δὲ P. 1.13
εἰ δὲ P. 3.63
, P. 3.80, P. 3.103, P. 9.50 ὅσαις δὲ *P. 10.28τῶν δ P. 10.61
εἰ δὲ P. 12.28
, N. 3.19ὃς δὲ N. 3.41
εἰ δ N. 5.19
, N. 5.50ὃς δ I. 1.50
εἰ δέ τις I. 1.67
ἐμοὶ δ O. 1.52
τὶν δ O. 10.93
ἐγὼ δὲ O. 10.97
, O. 13.49ἐμὲ δ O. 13.93
, P. 2.52τὶν δὲ P. 3.84
τὺ δ P. 8.61
ἐμοὶ δὲ P. 10.48
ἐγὼ δ N. 1.33
ἐμοὶ δ N. 4.41
ἐγὼ δὲ N. 7.20
ἐγὼ δ N. 8.38
σεῦ δ *N. 8.46ἐγὼ δὲ I. 1.32
ἄμμι δ I. 1.52
τὶν δ I. 5.17
ἐμοὶ δὲ I. 6.56
ἄμμι δ I. 7.49
ἐμοὶ δὲ Πα. 7B. 21.τοὶ δ O. 6.52
τὸν δ O. 13.92
“ τῶν δ” P. 4.41τὸν δ P. 4.101
τὸ δ P. 7.18
ὁ δὲ P. 8.48
“ τὸ δὲ” P. 8.51τά δ P. 8.76
P. 10.63 τὰν δ fr. 107a. 6 ὁ δ fr. 169. 26.τὸ δ O. 1.99
τῶν δ O. 2.15
τῶν δὲ *O. 12.9τὸν δὲ P. 1.95
ὁ δὲ P. 2.73
τὰν δ *P. 3.62τὸ δ P. 5.72
, P. 8.32ὁ δὲ P. 8.88
τὸ δὲ N. 6.55
N. 7.102ὁ δ N. 9.24
τὸ δ N. 11.43
, I. 5.19ὁ δ I. 7.39
ἐς δ O. 2.85
σὺν δὲ. O. 6.98ἀμφὶ δὲ O. 7.24
ἐν δὲ O. 7.94
ποτὶ δ P. 2.84
ἐν δαὖτε χρόνῳ P. 3.96
ἐν δ P. 8.92
σὺν δὲ N. 7.6
ἐν δ I. 5.53
ἐς δὲ fr. 133. 5. ἀνὰ δ' ἔλυσεν *N. 10.90αἰεὶ δ O. 5.15
ὅμως δὲ O. 10.9
νῦν δὲ O. 12.17
ἄλλοτε δ P. 3.103
εὐθὺς δ N. 1.54
νῦν δ I. 1.39
, I. 4.18 κρυφᾷ δὲ fr. 203. 2.b opposing one part of a sentence to the preceding negative part.μήτὦν τινι πῆμα πορών, ἀπαθὴς δαὐτὸς πρὸς ἀστῶν P. 4.297
ἄδικον οὔθ' ὑπέροπλον ἥβαν δρέπων, σοφίαν δ P. 6.49
καί μιν οὔπω τεθναότ, ἄσθματι δὲ φρίσσοντα πνοὰς ἔκιχεν N. 10.74
2 progressive, connective.a connecting sentences.λάμπει δὲ O. 1.23
ἔστι δ O. 1.35
ἔχει δ O. 1.59
ἕλεν δ O. 1.88
πέποιθα δὲ O. 1.103
ἕπεται δὲ O. 2.22
φιλεῖ δὲ O. 2.26
φύονται δὲ O. 4.25
ἵκων δὲ O. 5.9
ἀρχομένου δ O. 6.3
ἀντεφθέγξατο δ O. 6.61
ἵκοντο δ O. 6.64
τιμῶντες δ O. 6.72
εἶπον δὲ O. 6.93
τεῦξαν δ O. 7.48
μνασθέντι δ O. 7.61
ἐκέλευσεν δ O. 7.64
τελεύταθεν δὲ O. 7.68
κέκληνται δὲ O. 7.76
ἄνεται δὲ O. 8.8
ἦν δὲ O. 8.19
κατακρύπτει δὲ O. 8.79
θάλλει δ O. 9.16
ἀείδετο δὲ O. 10.76
χλιδῶσα δὲ O. 10.84
τρέφοντι δ O. 10.95
ἔστι δ O. 11.2
ἐθέλοντι δ O. 13.9
δέξαι δὲ (v. l. τε) O. 13.29νοῆσαι δὲ O. 13.48
φώνασε δ O. 13.67
εὕδει δ P. 1.6
φαντὶ δὲ P. 1.52
θέλοντι δὲ P. 1.62
ἔσχον δ P. 1.65
ἔμαθε δὲ P. 2.25
καιομένα δ P. 3.44
εἶπε δ P. 4.11
ἔπταξαν δ P. 4.57
ἧλθε δέ οἱ P. 4.73
τάφε δ P. 4.95
“ δύνασαι δ” P. 4.158 “ μεμάντευμαι δ” P. 4.163πέμψε δ P. 4.178
ἔειπεν δ P. 4.229
κτίσεν δ P. 5.89
ἄγοντι δὲ P. 7.13
αὔξων δὲ *P. 8.38ῥαίνων δὲ P. 8.57
ὑπέδεκτο δ P. 9.9
γεύεται δ P. 9.35
ἔστι δ N. 2.10
ἄρχε δ N. 3.10
δάμασε δὲ N. 3.23
ἕπεται δὲ N. 3.29
λεγόμενον δὲ N. 3.52
νύμφευσε δ N. 3.56
φρονεῖν δ N. 3.75
δέξαιτο δ N. 4.11
χαίρω δ N. 5.46
χρὴ δ N. 5.49
πέταται δ N. 6.48
ἀναπνέομεν δ N. 7.5
πέσε δ N. 7.31
ἐὼν δ N. 7.64
μαθὼν δὲ N. 7.68
δύνασαι δὲ N. 7.96
ἔβλαστεν δ N. 8.7
αὔξεται δ N. 8.40
χαίρω δὲ N. 8.48
ἔστι δ N. 9.6
ἔστι δὲ N. 10.20
ἐκράτησε δὲ N. 10.25
ἕπεται δὲ N. 10.37
μεταμειβόμενοι δ N. 10.55
λάμπει δὲ I. 1.22
ἔστιν δ I. 4.31
κρίνεται δ I. 5.11
κλέονται δ I. 5.27
τετείχισται δὲ I. 5.44
φέρε δεὔμαλλον μίτραν I. 5.62
φλέγεται δὲ I. 7.23
ἔτλαν δὲ I. 7.37
παυσάμενοι δ *I. 8.7χρὴ δὲ I. 8.15
εἶπε δ I. 8.31
ἰόντων δ I. 8.41
ἔραται δέ Pae. 6.58
ἐπεύχομαι δ' Πα. 7B. 15. πεφόρητο δ' Πα. 7B. 49.ἐνέθηκε δὲ Pae. 8.82
ἔειπε δὲ[ Πα. 8A. 23.κατακρίθης δὲ Pae. 16.5
λέγοντι δὲ Δ. 1. 1. τρέχετο δὲ fr. 74. εὕδει δὲ fr. 131b. 3. μαντεύεο, Μοῖσα, προφατεύσω δἐγώ fr. 150. λαβὼν δ fr. 169. 20. λάμπει δὲ fr. 227. 2. κόρῳ δ *O. 1.56ἄνθεμα δὲ O. 2.72
Μοῖσα δ O. 3.4
ξείνων δ O. 4.4
χεῖρες δὲ O. 4.25
βασιλεὺς δ O. 6.47
Οὐρανὸς δ O. 7.38
Ὀρσοτρίαινα δ O. 8.48
πατρὶ δὲ O. 8.70
λαοὶ δ O. 9.46
κείνων δ (δ del. Schr.) O. 9.53τόλμα δὲ O. 9.82
φῶτας δ O. 9.91
μία δ O. 9.106
ἀρχαῖς δὲ O. 10.78
πολλὰ δ O. 12.10
πατρὸς δὲ O. 13.35
κῆλα δὲ P. 1.12
κίων δ P. 1.19
στρωμνὰ δὲ P. 1.28
ἄνδρα δ P. 1.42
χάρμα δ P. 1.59
ἄλλοις δέ P. 2.13
θεῶν δ P. 2.21
εὐναὶ δὲ P. 2.35
βουλαὶ δὲ P. 2.65
ψευδέων δ P. 3.29
δαίμων δ P. 3.34
βάματι δ P. 3.43
Διὸς δ P. 3.95
ἐσθὰς δ P. 4.79
φὴρ δέ P. 4.119
δράκοντος δὲ P. 4.244
πολλοῖσι δ P. 4.248
θεράπων δέ οἱ P. 4.287
σοφοὶ δέ τοι P. 5.12
νόῳ δὲ P. 6.47
Μεγάροις δ P. 8.78
“ φόβῳ δ” P. 9.32θαλάμῳ δὲ P. 9.68
ἀρεταὶ δ P. 9.76
πατρὸς δ P. 10.2
ἅρμα δ N. 1.7
ἀρχαὶ δὲ N. 1.8
Ἀχάρναι δὲ N. 2.16
διψῇ δὲ N. 3.6
Λαομέδοντα δ N. 3.36
σώματα δ N. 3.47
βοὰ δὲ N. 3.67
ῥῆμα δ N. 4.6
ἴυγγι δ N. 4.35
Θεανδρίδαισι δ N. 4.73
ὕμνος δὲ N. 4.83
πότμος δὲ N. 5.40
ἔργοις δὲ N. 7.14
σοφοὶ δὲ N. 7.20
σοφία δὲ N. 7.23
φυᾷ δ N. 7.54
Διὸς δὲ N. 7.80
βασιλῆα δὲ N. 7.82
παίδων δὲ παῖδες N. 7.100
χρεῖαι δ N. 8.42
ἀρχοὶ δὲ N. 9.14
Ἰσμηνοῦ δ N. 9.22
παῦροι δὲ N. 9.37
ἡσυχία δὲ N. 9.48
Σικυωνόθε δ N. 10.43
Κάστορος δ N. 10.49
“ παῦροι δ” N. 10.78Ζεὺς δ N. 10.79
λύρα δὲ N. 11.7
ἄνδρα δ N. 11.11
προμαθείας δ N. 11.46
μελέταν δ I. 5.28
Λάμπων δὲ I. 6.66
γλῶσσα δ I. 6.72
ἐπέων δὲ I. 8.46
Αἰολίδαν δὲ fr. 5.Παιὰν δὲ Πα. 2. 3,, 1. κείνοις δ' Pae. 2.68
τέρας δ Pae. 4.39
ἤτορι δὲ Pae. 6.12
Ἰλίου δὲ Pae. 6.81
ἀμφιπόλοις δὲ Pae. 6.117
ὑδάτεσσι δ Pae. 6.134
γνώμας δ Pae. 14.39
Ὀλυμ]πόθεν δέ Δ.. 3. πέτραι δ Δ... ἁνδρὸς δ Παρθ. 2. 3. ἀσκὸς δ fr. 104b. 4. πολλὰ δ fr. 111. 2. ὀδμὰ δ' Θρ... πυρὶ δ fr. 168. 3.ἑπτὰ δ O. 6.15
μελίφθογγοι δ O. 6.21
κυρίῳ δ O. 6.32
τερπνᾶς δέπεὶ O. 6.57
ἁδύλογοι δὲ O. 6.96
ἀγαθαὶ δὲ O. 6.100
ἐμῶν δ O. 6.105
τοῦτο δ O. 7.25
πολλαὶ δ O. 8.13
ἐσλὰ δ O. 8.84
ὀξείας δὲ O. 8.85
πτερόεντα δ O. 9.11
ἀγαθοὶ δὲ O. 9.28
ἄλλαι δὲ O. 9.86
ταύτᾳ δὲ O. 10.51
ἀφθόνητος δ O. 11.7
ἄμαχον δὲ O. 13.13
δύο δ O. 13.32
κελαινῶπιν δ P. 1.7
ναυσιφορήτοις δ P. 1.33
ἀψευδεῖ δὲ P. 1.86
εὐανθεῖ δ P. 1.89
πολλὰν δ P. 3.36
αἴθων δὲ P. 3.58
εἴκοσι δ P. 4.104
“ Κρονίδᾳ δὲ” P. 4.115 “ τρίταισιν δ” P. 4.143 ταχέες δ (δ del. Boeckh) P. 4.179χαλκέαις δ P. 4.226
ὀρθὰς δ P. 4.227
μεγάλαν δ P. 5.98
γλυκεῖα δὲ P. 6.82
νέᾳ δ P. 7.18
τέτρασι δ P. 8.81
ὠκεῖα δ P. 9.67
χρυσοστεφάνου δὲ P. 9.109
Ἰσμήνιον δ P. 11.6
κακολόγοι δὲ P. 11.28
ξυναῖσι δ (om. Tricl.) P. 11.54μεγάλων δ N. 1.11
ἁδυμελεῖ δ N. 2.25
χαρίεντα δ N. 3.12
καματωδέων δὲ *N. 3.17ποτίφορον δὲ N. 3.31
συγγενεῖ δέ N. 3.40
ξανθὸς δ N. 3.43
κραγέται δὲ N. 3.82
τυφλὸν δ N. 7.23
ποτίφορος δ N. 7.63
ἀγαπατὰ δὲ N. 8.4
μέγιστον δ N. 8.25
χρυσέων δ N. 8.27
κενεᾶν δ N. 8.45
θεσπεσία δ *N. 9.7κρέσσων δὲ N. 9.15
ἀργυρέαισι δὲ N. 9.51
ὕπατον δ N. 10.32
λαιψηροῖς δὲ N. 10.63
“ τόνδε δ” N. 10.80ἀπροσίκτων δ N. 11.48
μυρίαι δ I. 6.22
ἁδεῖα δ I. 6.50
ἀμνάμονες δὲ I. 7.17
θνατᾶς δ fr. 61. 5. σειρῆνα δὲ Παρθ. 2. 13. πιοστὰ δ' Παρθ. 2. 3. ἀκλεὴς δ (om. codd.: supp. Boeckh) fr. 105b. 3.εἰ δὲ O. 2.56
, O. 6.77, O. 8.54οἷον δ O. 9.89
εἰ δὲ O. 11.2
, O. 13.105, P. 3.110ὅσσα δὲ N. 2.17
εἰ δ N. 4.13
, N. 7.11, N. 7.86, N. 7.89, I. 1.41, I. 5.22τὰ δ N. 4.91
οἷοι δ I. 9.6
εἰ δέ τις Pae. 2.31
οἷσι δὲ (Boeckh: γὰρ ἂν codd.) fr. 133. 1.ἐμὲ δὲ O. 1.100
τὶν δὲ O. 5.7
ὔμμιν δὲ O. 13.14
τὺ δὲ P. 2.57
τὶν δὲ P. 4.275
σὲ δ P. 5.14
σεῦ δ N. 1.26
ἐγὼ δὲ N. 3.11
τὺ δ N. 5.41
ἐγὼ δ I. 6.16
τὺ δέ I. 7.31
τὶν δὲ Pae. 3.13
ἐμοὶ δ' Pae. 4.52
ὁ δ O. 7.10
τὰ δ O. 13.101
O. 13.106 ὁδὲ P. 1.8
οἱ δ P. 4.133
τῶν δ P. 4.277
τὸν δὲ P. 9.38
ὁ δὲ P.9.107. “ ταὶδ” P. 9.62τὰ δ N. 9.42
τοὶ δ N. 10.66
, I. 8.45 ἁ δὲ fr. 130. 6.τὸ δὲ O. 1.93
, O. 2.51αἱ δὲ O. 7.30
τὸ δὲ O. 10.55
ὁ δὲ P. 1.35
τὸ δὲ P. 1.99
τὸν δὲ P. 2.40
P. 3.108ἁ δὲ P. 3.114
τὸν δὲ P. 4.184
ὁ δ P. 5.60
τὸ δ P. 5.85
ὁ δὲ P. 9.78
τῶν δ P. 10.19
αἱ δὲ N. 4.2
ὁ δὲ N. 7.67
τὸ δὲ I. 7.47
τὰ]ν δὲ Pae. 1.9
ὁ δὲ Pae. 2.66
τὸ δὲ Pae. 4.32
ἐν δὲ O. 7.5
, O. 7.43ἄτερ δ O. 9.44
ἐν δὲ O. 13.22
, O. 13.40σὺν δ P. 1.51
ἐν δ P. 2.41
ἐκ δ P. 2.46
“ ἐν δὲ” P. 4.88ἐς δ P. 4.188
σὺν δ P. 4.221
ἐν δὲ P. 4.291
σὺν δ P. 9.115
ἐν δ P. 10.71
ἐκ δὲ N. 10.44
ἂν δ fr. 33d. 7, fr. 119. 1. σὺν δ fr. 122. 9. πρὸς δ fr. 123. 6.οὕτω δὲ O. 2.35
ἠυ δὲ O. 5.16
ἄλλοτε δ O. 7.11
ἀπάτερθε δ O. 7.74
μάλα δὲ O. 10.87
νῦν δ O. 13.104
οὕτω δ P. 1.56
εὖ δ P. 1.99
ἁμᾶ δ P. 3.36
τάχα δ P. 4.83
αἶψα δ P. 4.133
ἀκᾷ δ P. 4.156
τάχα δὲ P. 4.171
ἄτερθε δὲ P. 5.96
οὕτω δὲ P. 8.93
“ νῦν δ” P. 9.55οὕτω δ P. 9.117
ταχὺ δ P. 10.51
θαμὰ δ N. 1.22
μάλα δ N. 7.10
ἅμα δ fr. 74. ἔνθεν δὲ fr. 119. 2. ταχέως δ fr. 169. 24.b in enumeration, narration, simm. ὁ δ' ἐμὲ δ κράτει δὲ — O. 1.73—8. ἔργα δὲ ἦν δὲ δαέντι δὲ καὶ φαντὶ δ', ἁλμυροῖς δ, ἀπεόντος δ —. O. 7.52—8. γλαυκοὶ δὲ, οἱ δύο μὲν, αὖθι δ'. εἷς δ ἔννεπε δ — O. 8.37—41. ἔχεν δὲ, μάτρωος δὲ. πόλιν δ'. ἀφίκοντο δὲ. υἱὸν δὲ — O. 9.61—9. τὰ δὲ. σύνδικος δ'. τὸ δὲ. πολλοὶ δὲ. ἄνευ δὲ — O. 9.94—103. τράπε δὲ. πύκτας δ'. θάξαις δὲ. ἄπονον δ. ἀγῶνα δ, πέφνε δ. λόχμαισι δὲ — O. 10.15—30. ἀνὰ δ'. παρκείμενον δὲ. ἐνυπνίῳ δ. τελεῖ δὲ. ἀναβαὶς δ. σὺν δὲ — O. 13.72—87. “δώδεκα δὲ. τουτάκι δ'. φιλίων δ. φάτο δ. γίνωσκε δ. ἂν δ —” P. 4.25—34. ἐσσύμενοι δ'. τῶν δ. πραὺν δ — P. 4.135—6. ἐπεὶ δ'. ἐκ νεφέων δὲ. λαμπραὶ δ. ἀμπνοὰν δ. κάρυξε δ. εἰρεσία δ. σὺν Νότου δ. φοίνισσα δὲ. ἐς δὲ κίνδυνον — P. 4.191—207. πῦρ δὲ. σπασσάμενος δ'. ἴυξεν δ. πρὸς δ. αὐτίκα δ. ἔλπετο δ — P. 4.233—43. ὁ δ'. Μεσσανίου δὲ. χαμαιπετὲς δ. αὐτοῦ μένων δ — P. 6.33—8. κέρδος δὲ. βία δὲ. δμᾶθεν δὲ. ἔπεσε. τελέαν δ — P. 8.13—24. Μοῖσα δ'. παντᾷ δὲ. νόσοι δ. πόνων δὲ. θρασείᾳ δὲ. ἁγεῖτο δ — P. 10.37—45. ἔσταν δ'. λέλογχε δὲ. τέχναι δ. χρὴ δ — N. 1.19—25. ταχὺ δὲ. ἐν χερὶ δ'. ἔστα δὲ. παλίγγλωσσον δέ. γείτονα δ. ὁ δέ — N. 1.51—61. ἐν δ'. Θέτις δὲ. Νεοπτόλεμος δ. Παλίου δὲ. τὰ Δαιδάλου δὲ. ἄλαλκε δὲ. πῦρ δὲ. εἶδεν δ — N. 4.49—66. πρόφρων δὲ. ἐν δὲ. αἱ δὲ. ψεύσταν δὲ. τὸ δ'. τοῖο δ. εὐθὺς δ. ὁ δ — N. 5.22—34. ὁ δ' Μολοσσίᾳ δ. ᾤχετο δὲ. βάρυνθεν δὲ. ἐχρῆν δέ — N. 7.36—44. νεαρὰ δ'. ὄψον δὲ. ἅπτεται δ. χειρόνεσσι δ —. N. 8.20—2. πατρὶ δ — (Heyne: τ codd.) θρέψε δ'. ὁ δ — N. 10.12—3. Ζεὺς δ'. ἅμα δ. χαλεπὰ δ. ταχέως δ — N. 10.71—3. Ζεῦ, μεγάλαι δ'. ζώει δὲ. πλαγίαις δὲ. εὐκλέων δ. ἔστι δὲ. τὰ δὲ. ἀνδρῶν δ — I. 3.4—13. εἷλε δὲ. πέφνεν δὲ, σφετέρας δ — I. 6.31—3. ἐν δὲ, ἄγγελλε δὲ. νῦν δαὖ Πα. 2.. νέφεσσι δ'. περὶ δ. ἐπεὶ δ Πα... ἔλαμψαν δ. τελέσαι δ. ἐφθέγξαντο δ Πα. 12. 1. ῥίμφα δ. ὁ δὲ. ἐμὲ δ — N. 2.19—23. τιμαὶ δὲ. παντὶ δ'. ὁ δὲ. φιλέων δ Παρθ. 1.. πολλὰ δ. τέλος δ. αἰὼν δὲ — fr. 111. 2—5. ἐν δ', παρὰ ναῦν δὲ. κάπρῳ δὲ — fr. 234. 2. connecting imperatives. δίδοι φωνάν, ἀνὰ δἱστία τεῖνον, πύκταν τέ νιν καὶ παγκρατίου φθέγξαι ἑλεῖν — ἀρετάν, προθύροισιν δΑἰακοῦ ἀνθέων ποιάεντα φέρε στεφανώματα (Wil.: φέρειν codd.) N. 5.51—4.c connecting subordinate clauses.ὅτε σύτο, κράτει δὲ προσέμειξε O. 1.22
φιάλαν ὡς εἴ τις δωρήσεται, ἐν δὲ θῆκε O. 7.5
ἁνίκ' ἤρειδε Ποσειδάν, ἤρειδε δέ μιν (Hermann: τε codd.) O. 9.31 ἔλπομαι μὴ βαλεῖν ἔξω, μακρὰ δὲ ῥίψαις ἀμεύσασθ' ἀντίους *P. 1.45ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ τείχει θέσαν, σέλας δ ἀμφέδραμεν P. 3.39
ὁπόθ' Ἁρμονίαν γᾶμεν βοῶπιν, ὁ δὲ Νηρέος εὐβούλου Θέτιν παῖδα P. 3.92
ὄφρα ἀφέλοιτ' αἰδῶ, ποθεινὰ δ Ἑλλὰς δονέοι P. 4.218
εἰ γάρ τις ἐξερείψειεν αἰσχύνοι δὲ P. 4.264
διαγγέλοισ, ὅτι νίκη ἐκ δὲ Κρόνου Αἰακίδας ἐγέραιρεν N. 5.7
εἰ δὲ μάρνασαι, πάντων δὲ νοεῖς ἀποδάσσασθαι ἴσον N. 10.86
εἰ δέ τις ἔνδον νέμει πλοῦτον ἄλλοισι δἐμπίπτων γελᾷ I. 1.68
ἢ Δωρίδ' ἀποικίαν οὕνεκεν ὀρθῷ ἔστασας ἐπὶ σφυρῷ Λακεδαιμονίων, ἕλον δ Ἀμύκλας I. 7.14
τέρας, ἅν τε βροτοὶ Δᾶλον κικλῄσκοισιν, μάκαρες δἐν Ὀλύμπῳ χθονὸς ἄστρον fr. 33c. 5. ἁνίκ' οἴχονται μέριμναι πελάγει δ ἐν πολυχρύσοιο πλούτου πάντες ἴσᾳ νέομεν fr. 124. 6.d connecting parts of sentences.ἴσαις δὲ νύκτεσσιν αἰεί, ἴσαις δ' ἁμέραις O. 2.62
μαιομένων μεγάλαν ἀρετὰν θυμῷ λαβεῖν, τῶν δὲ μόχθων ἀμπνοὰν O. 8.7
ἐρέω ταύταν χάριν, τὰν δ' ἔπειτ O. 8.58
Ἄργει τ' ἔσχεθε κῦδος ἀνδρῶν παῖς δ ἐν Ἀθάναις O. 9.88
πόλλἄνω, τὰ δαὖ κάτω O. 12.6
οἶκον ἥμερον ἀστοῖς ξένοισι δὲ θεράποντα (v. 1. τε) O. 13.3ἐν Ἀθάναισι τρία ἔργα ποδαρκὴς ἁμέρα θῆκε κάλλιστ' ἀμφὶ κόμαις, Ἑλλώτια δ ἑπτάκις O. 13.40
Ζηνὸς υἱοὶ τρεῖς δοιοὶ δ' ὑψιχαῖται ἀνέρες P. 4.172
κεῖνος γὰρ ἐν παισὶν νέος, ἐν δὲ βουλαῖς πρέσβυς P. 4.282
βουσὶν εἰρήναν παρέχοισα πατρῴαις, τὸν δὲ σύγκοιτον γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἀναλίσκοισα P. 9.23
“θήσονταί τέ νιν ἀθάνατον, Ζῆνα καὶ ἁγνὸν Ἀπόλλων' Ἀγρέα καὶ Νόμιον, τοῖς δ Ἀρισταῖον καλεῖν” P. 9.65ἑξέτης τὸ πρῶτον, ὅλον δ' ἔπειτ ἂν χρόνον N. 3.49
πεντάκις Ἰσθμοῖ στεφανωσάμενος Νεμέᾳ δὲ τρεῖς N. 6.20
χρυσὸν εὔχονται, πεδίον δ' ἕτεροι ἀπέραντον N. 8.37
αἰνέων αἰνητά, μομφὰν δ' ἐπισπείρων ἀλιτροῖς N. 8.39
μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ' ἄκαμπτος, προσπαλαίσων ἦλθ ἀνὴρ I. 4.53
τὶν δ' ἐν Ἰσθμῷ διπλόα θάλλοισ ἀρετά, Φυλακίδα, κεῖται, Νεμέᾳ δὲ καὶ ἀμφοῖν Πυθέᾳ τε, παγκρατίου I. 5.18
ἄραντο γὰρ νίκας τρεῖς ἀπ' Ἰσθμοῦ τὰς δ ἀπ εὐφύλλου Νεμέας I. 6.61
εἴπερ τριῶν Ἰσθμ（οῖ), Νεμλτ;έγτ;αλτ;ι δγτ;ὲ δυ[οῖν (supp. Lobel e Σ.) fr. 6a. h. ὃς ἀνα[ίνετο] αὐταρχεῖν, πολίων δ' ἑκατὸν πεδεχεῖν Πα. 4. 37, similarly, connecting subordinate infinitives, O. 13.80, N. 7.46, N. 9.31 νίκαις, αἷς ἐν ἀιόνεσσιν Ὀγχη[στοῦ κλυ]τᾶς, ταῖς δὲ ναὸν Ἰτωνίας [] ἐκόσμηθεν Παρθ. 2.. θεῷ δὲ δύνατον ὄρσαι φάος, κελαινεφέι δὲ σκότει καλύψαι fr. 108b. 3. irregularly coordinating:τόλμᾳ γὰρ εἰκὼς θυμὸν ἐριβρεμετᾶν θηρῶν λεόντων ἐν πόνῳ, μῆτιν δ' ἀλώπηξ I. 4.65
e in anaphora.ἴσαις δὲ, ἴσαις δ O. 2.62
ἤρειδε Ποσειδάν, ἤρειδεν δὲ (Hermann: τε codd.) O. 9.32πέφνε Κτέατον ἀμύμονα, πέφνε δ' Εὔρυτον O. 10.28
ἔστιν. ἔστιν δ O. 11.2
ἐν δὲ Μοῖσ' ἁδύπνοος, ἐν δ Ἄρης ἀνθεῖ O. 13.22
τίς γὰρ ἀρχὰ, τίς δὲ κίνδυνος P. 4.71
τὺ γὰρ. τὺ δ P. 8.8
τὰν μάλα πολλοὶ ἀριστῆες ἀνδρῶν αἴτεον σύγγονοι, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ξένων P. 9.108
cf.πολλὰ μὲν πολλὰ δὲ P. 9.123
—5.Ζεῦ, τεὸν γὰρ αἶμα, σέο δ' ἀγών N. 3.65
—μαχατὰν αἰνέων Μελέαγρον, αἰνέων δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορα I. 7.32
χρὴ δ'. χρὴ δ I. 8.15
κλεινὸς Αἰακοῦ λόγος, κλεινὰ δὲ καὶ ναυσικλυτὸς Αἴγινα I. 9.1
“ἔα, φρήν, κυπάρισσον, ἔα δὲ νομὸν Περιδάιον Pae. 4.51
cf. Πα.. 23. ἐν δὲ. ἐν δὲ. ἐν δ' Δ. 2. 10—15.f introducing parenthesis.ὁ δ' ἐπαντέλλων χρόνος τοῦτο πράσσων μὴ κάμοι O. 8.28
ἷκεν δὲ Μιδέαθενστρατὸν ἐλαύνων O. 10.66
ἄγει δὲ χάρις P. 2.17
χόλος δ' οὐκ ἀλίθιος γίνεται παίδων Διός P. 3.11
“ αἰσίαν δ” P. 4.23μόλεν Δανάας ποτὲ παῖς, ἁγεῖτο δ' Ἀθάνα, ἐς ἀνδρῶν μακάρων ὅμιλον P. 10.45
ἐκ δὲ τελευτάσει νιν ἤτοι σάμερον δαίμων, τὸ δὲ μόρσιμον οὐ παρφυκτόν, ἀλλ' ἔσται (Tricl.: γε codd.) P. 12.30ὀκτὼ στεφάνοις ἔμιχθεν ἤδη, ἑπτὰ δ' ἐν Νεμέᾳ, τὰ δ οἴκοι μάσσον ἀριθμοῦ, Διὸς ἀγῶνι N. 2.23
κιρναμένα δ' ἔερσ ἀμφέπει N. 3.78
ἐν Πυθίοισι δὲ δαπέδοις κεῖται N. 7.34
γαστρὶ δὲ πᾶς τις ἀμύνων λιμὸν αἰανῆ τέταται I. 1.49
χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντ' ἀμαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν I. 4.48
ga introducing question. θανεῖν δ' οἶσιν ἀνάγκα, τά κέ τις ἀνώνυμον γῆρας ἕψοι μάταν; O. 1.82 εἰ δ' εἴη μὲν Ὀλυμπιονίκας, τίνα κεν φύγοι ὕμνον; O. 6.4 κέρδει δὲ τί μάλα τοῦτο κερδάλεον τελέθει; P. 2.78 τίς δὲ κίνδυνος; P. 4.71 τί δέ τις; τί δ' οὔ τις; P. 8.95 “τίς νιν ἀνθρώπων τέκεν; ποίας δ' ἀποσπασθεῖσα φύτλας” P. 9.33 “ κούρας δ' ὁπόθεν γενεὰν ἐξερωτᾷς;” P. 9.43πολέμοιο δὲ σᾶμα φέρεις τινός; Pae. 9.13
II following questions.τίς βασιλέα δίδυμον ἐπέθηκ; ἐν δὲ Μοῖσ' ἁδύπνοος O. 13.22
“ποίας δ' ἀποσπασθεῖσα φύτλας ; γεύεται δ ἀλκᾶς” P. 9.35ἔννυχοι πάραγον κοῖται; τὸ δὲ νέαις ἀλόχοις ἔχθιστον ἀμπλάκιον P. 11.25
III in questions, varied with asyndeton. τίνα θεόν, τίν' ἥρωα, τίνα δ ἄνδρα κελαδήσομεν; O. 2.2 cf.βασιλεύς, πραὺς ἀστοῖς, οὐ φθονέων ἀγαθοῖς, ξείνοις δὲ θαυμαστὸς πατήρ P. 3.71
h where δέ replaces an expected γάρ. χαλκέοισι δἐν ἔντεσι (ἀντὶ τοῦ γάρ. Σ.) O. 4.22 ἐκ Λυκίας δὲ (ἀντὶ τοῦ γάρ. Σ.) O. 13.60Πυθιάδος δ P. 1.32
ἔστι δὲ P. 3.21
βαρὺ δέ σφιν νεῖκος N. 6.50
φλέγεται δ N. 10.2
ἐκ δὲ N. 11.19
The Σ also comment ἀντὶτοῦ γάρ: O. 2.58, O. 6.3, P. 3.12, but δέ often contains a notion of explanation.i introducing an appositive phrase. ἀφίκοντο δέ οἱ ξένοιἕκ τ' Ἄργεος, ἔκ τε Θηβᾶν, οἱ δ Ἀρκάδες οἱ δὲ καὶ Πισᾶται O. 9.68
3 apodotic. εἰ δ' ἀριστεύει μὲν ὕδωρ, κτεάνων δὲ χρυσὸς αἰδοιέστατος, νῦν δὲ Θήρων ἅπτεται Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν (v. 1. γε) O. 3.43 [δ codd.: del. Er. Schmid sec.Σ. P. 11.56
]4 where δέ does not occupy second position in the sentence.I following a vocative.υἱὲ Ταντάλου, σὲ δ O. 1.36
Ἁγησία, τὶν δ O. 6.12
δέσποτα ποντόμεδον, εὐθὺν δὲ πλόον O. 6.103
Τιμόσθενες, ὔμμε δὲ O. 8.15
Ζεῦ τέλεἰ, αἰεὶ δὲ P. 1.67
ὦ μάκαρ υἱὲ Πολυμνάστου, σὲ δ P. 4.59
Ἀλεξιβιάδα, σὲ δ P. 5.45
ὦναξ, ἑκόντι δ' εὔχομαι νόῳ P. 8.67
Ἄπολλον, γλυκὺ δ P. 10.10
Μοῖσα, τὸ δὲ τεὸν P. 11.41
Ἁγησιδάμου παῖ, σέο δ N. 1.29
ὦ Τιμόδημε, σὲ δ N. 2.14
Θεαρίων, τὶν δ N. 7.58
ὦ μάκαρ, τὶν δ N. 7.95
ὦ Μέγα, τὸ δ N. 8.44
Ζεῦ, μεγάλαι δ I. 3.4
II following a prep.πρὸς εὐάνθεμον δ' ὅτε φυὰν O. 1.67
ἐπ' ἄλλοισι δ ἄλλοι (ἐπ om. codd.: supp. byz.: alia alii) O. 1.113πρὸς Πιτάναν δὲ O. 6.28
περὶ θνατῶν δ O. 6.50
ἀν' ἵπποισι δὲ O. 10.69
ἐκ θεοῦ δ O. 11.10
ἐξ ὀνείρου δ O. 13.66
ἀντὶ δελφίνων δ P. 4.17
ἐν δαιτὸς δὲ μοίρᾳ P. 4.127
ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος δὲ P. 4.17
b.ἐκ νεφέων δὲ P. 4.197
σὺν Νότου δ' αὔραις P. 4.303
ἐς φᾶσιν δ P. 4.211
ἀνὰ βωλακίας δ P. 4.228
κατὰ λαύρας δ P. 8.86
ἐν χερὶ δ N. 1.52
ἐκ μιᾶς δὲ N. 6.1
σὺν θεοῦ δὲ τύχᾳ N. 6.24
ἐκ πόνων δ N. 9.44
ἐν λόγοις δ N. 11.17
ἐν σχερῷ δ N. 11.39
ἐν Κρίσᾳ δ I. 2.18
σὺν Ὀρσέᾳ δέ I. 4.72
σὺν Χάρισιν δ I. 5.21
ἐκ μεγάλων δὲ πενθέων I. 8.6
“ ἐν διχομηνίδεσσιν δὲ ἑσπέραις” *I. 8.44σὺν θεῶν δέ νιν αἴσᾳ I. 9.1
ἐν χρόνῳ δ fr. 33b. ἐν ἔργμασιν δὲ fr. 38.πρὸ πόνων δὲ Pae. 6.90
III following article with adj., part., prep., simm.ὁ μέγας δὲ κίνδυνος O. 1.81
ὁ νικῶν δ O. 1.97
τὸ πόρσω δ O. 3.44
τὸ διδάξασθαι δέ τοι O. 8.59
αἱ δύο δἀμπλακίαι P. 2.30
τὸ πλουτεῖν δὲ P. 2.56
ἐν πάντα δὲ νόμον P. 2.86
ὁ Βάττου δ P. 5.55
τὰ μακρὰ δ N. 4.33
τᾷ Δαιδάλου δὲ (τε coni. Schr.) N. 4.59 ταὐτὰ δὲ *N. 7.104ὁ πονήσαις δὲ I. 1.40
Πρωτεσίλα, τὸ τεὸν δὲ I. 1.58
ὁ κινητὴρ δὲ γᾶς I. 4.19
τὰν Ψαλυχιαδᾶν δὲ πάτραν I. 6.63
τὰ μακρὰ δ' εἴ τις I. 7.43
τῷ παρέοντι δ fr. 43. 4. ὁ ζαμενὴς δ' ὁ χοροιτύπος fr. 156. ἁ Μειδύλου δ fr. 190.IV following two emphatically connected words. φιλεῖ δὲ, μάλα φιλεῖ δὲ (post μάλα distinxerunt codd.: corr. Bergk) O. 2.27 αὐτοῦ μένων δ' ὁ θεῖος ἀνὴρ (post αὐτοῦ distinxerunt codd.: corr. Heyne: δ del. Bergk) P. 6.38 τῶν νῦν δὲ (byz.: τῶν δὲ νῦν codd.) P. 6.43 < οὐ πενθέων δ> (supp. Blass e Plutarcho) Πα... νηλεεῖ νοῷ δ fr. 177e.V for metrical convenience? παῖδ' ἐρατὸν δ Ἀρχεστράτου (δ supp. Mosch.: om. codd.) O. 10.995 beginning fragments, where its value is obscure. fr. 2. 1, fr. 6. a. d, fr. 33a. 3, fr. 44, Πα. 2. 3,, Πα. 7B. 14, Πα. 12., Πα. 13a. 18, Πα. 13c. 5, Πα. 1. 31, 3, Πα. 1., Πα. 2. 1, Πα. 21. 1, Πα. 21. 21, fr. 60a. 3, fr. 81, Δ.. 1, Δ. 4. 46, fr. 74, fr. 108a. 1, b. 1, fr. 110, fr. 121, fr. 124c, fr. 177f, fr. 179, fr. 185, fr. 215. 2, fr. 215b. 4, fr. 219, 227, 233, 236, 237, 260. 2, 5, Θρ.. 2, Θρ. 6. 7, fr. 131a, fr. 135, fr. 153, fr. 166. 1, fr. 169. 49, fr. 177c. -
3 καί
καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.① marker of connections, andⓐ single wordsα. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.ⓑ clauses and sentencesα. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.ⓘ with other particlesα. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT. -
4 εἰμί
εἰμί (A sum), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἔμμι Sapph.2.15, Theoc.20.32; Cret. [full] ἠμί GDI 4959a; [ per.] 2sg. εἶ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.εἰς Od.17.388
, al., [dialect] Aeol. ἔσσι, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Dor.ἐσσί Il.1.176
, Pi.O.6.90, Sophr.134; ; [ per.] 3sg. ἐστί, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί IG12(1).677
([place name] Rhodes), Theoc.1.17, etc.; [ per.] 3 dualἐστόν Th.3.112
; [ per.] 1pl. ἐσμέν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi.P.3.60), , [dialect] Dor.εἰμές Theoc.15.73
, but ; [ per.] 3pl. εἰσί ([etym.] - ίν), [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἔασι ([etym.] - ιν) Il.7.73, Xenoph.8.1, Antim.29, Herod.4.84, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί Pi.N.1.24
, Theoc.11.45, IG9(1).32.22 ([place name] Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (ἔσθι Hecat.361
J.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also in [voice] Med. formἔσσο Od.3.200
, Sapph.1.28, Maced.Pae.31, late Proseἔσο Plu.2.241d
, M.Ant.3.5, Hld.5.12, Porph.Marc.34; [ per.] 3sg. ἔστω (, and late Inscrr., CIG2664, al.; but in Pl.R. 361c leg. ἴτω), [dialect] Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust.1411.21, Elean ; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστωσαν, butἔστων Hom.
, Pl.R. 502a, , and early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), [dialect] Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, [dialect] Ep.ἔω Od.9.18
; [ per.] 3sg.ἔῃ Il.12.300
,al. (alsoἔῃσι 2.366
, al., ᾖσι ([etym.] ν) 19.202, Hes.Op. 294), also [dialect] Boeot.ἔνθω IG7.3172.165
,μετείω Il.23.47
and perh.εἴῃ 9.245
, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ([place name] Crete), ([place name] Hierapytna), [dialect] Boeot.ἴωνθι IG7.3171.46
(iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα Thgn.715
), -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il.9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt.7.6; [ per.] 3pl.εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133
([place name] Gonni); [ per.] 3 dual , Sph. 243e; [ per.] 1pl. (lyr.), Pl.; [ per.] 2pl.εἶτε Od. 21.195
; [ per.] 3pl.εἶεν Il.2.372
, etc.,εἴησαν Hdt.1.2
, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. (Tegea, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ep. ἔμμεναι (also [dialect] Aeol.ἔμμεν' Sapph.34
), ἔμμεν (also Pi.P.6.42, S.Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ([place name] Dodona); [dialect] Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th.5.77,79, IG7.1.7 ([place name] Megara),ἦμεν Test.Epict.5.16
, Tab.Heracl.1.75, Cret. ἦμεν orἤμην Leg.Gort.1.15
, al., GDI4998i 2, al., Megar. ,εἴμειν IG12(1).155.100
([place name] Rhodes), 14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ([place name] Eretria), SIG135.4 ([place name] Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, [dialect] Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.ἰών Inscr.Cypr.135.23
H.; [dialect] Boeot. fem.ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116
(Orchom.), [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. fem.ἔσσα Sapph.75.4
, IG4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc.28.16,ἐοῖσα Pi.P.4.265
,ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9
, Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62,εὖσα Erinn.5.5
(also [dialect] Ion., Herod.5.16,εὔντων 2.85
),ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr.96d
, IG5(1).1470.8 ([place name] Messene),ἴαττα Leg.Gort.8.47
; acc. sg.εὖντα Theoc.2.3
; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust.1756.13, pl.ἔντες Tab.Heracl.1.117
; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl.παρ-έντων Alcm. 64
: [tense] impf.ἦν Il.2.77
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἔον (also [dialect] Aeol., Alc.127, Sapph.Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 21), in [dialect] Att. ἦ (dub. in [dialect] Aeol., Alc. Supp.14.9), Ar.Pl.77, Pl.Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), [var] contr. from [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἦα (Il.5.808, al., IG12(8).449.2 ([place name] Thasos), whence Hom.and later [dialect] Ion.ἔᾱ Il.4.321
, al.,ἔας Hdt.1.187
,ἔατε Id.4.119
); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as [ per.] 1sg., only Il.11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as [ per.] 3sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; [ per.] 2sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi.I.1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ru.3.2,al.), cf. Pl.Ax. 365e, Erinn.4.4, Ev.Matt.25.21, al., , [dialect] Ep. ἔησθα; [ per.] 3sg. ἦν, [dialect] Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.ἦς Alc.Supp.30.1
, Epich.102, Sophr.59, Theoc.2.90, SIG241.145 (Delph.); [ per.] 3 dualἤστην Il.5.10
, E.Hipp. 387, Ar.Eq. 982, Pl.Euthd. 272a, al.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.ἦμες Plu.Lyc.21
; [ per.] 2pl. , , Ec. 1086; [ per.] 3pl. ἦσαν, [dialect] Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes.Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is [ per.] 3pl. in Epich.46, al., SIG560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); [dialect] Aeol. ; later (iii B. C.), SIG527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom.4.1740 ([place name] Cyme), always in LXX as Ba.1.19, cf. Ev.Matt.23.30, Plu.2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys.7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id.Tr. 474 by Aps.), X.Cyr.6.1.9, Hyp.Ath.26, [ per.] 2sg.ἦσο Epigr.Gr.379
([place name] Aezani), [ per.] 3sg.ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7
([place name] Phrygia), [ per.] 1pl.ἤμεθα PPetr.2p.11
(iii B. C.), LXX Ba.1.19, 1 Ki.25.16, Ep.Eph.2.3; subj. (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG5(1).1390.83 ([place name] Andania); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A.Pers. 656 (lyr.): [tense] fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc.67,87; [dialect] Dor. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il.2.393, 13.317, Theoc.10.5, [ per.] 3pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th.5.77 codd. (butἔσσονται Tab.Heracl.1.113
), inf.ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr.57
.—All forms of the [tense] pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. [ per.] 2sg. εἶ and [ per.] 3pl. ἔασι); but [ per.] 3sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr.1.553 (also μή acc. to EM301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust.880.22.A as the Subst. Verb,I of persons, exist,οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od.16.437
; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S.Ph. 445, etc.;τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od.1.289
; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E.Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il.6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th.2.45,44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb.9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Ex.3.14, al., Ph.1.289;θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.1.290
; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119;κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E.Hec. 284
; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl.Smp. 190c;ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D.18.72
, cf. Arist.GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.3.17, etc.; of cities,ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E.Tr. 1292
, cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu.Cat.Ma.27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D.8.17; of money, to be in hand,τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG12.91.25
; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl.Grg. 511a, Plu.Ant.24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ .. future revenue from.., BCH46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Act.Ap.13.1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU146.4, etc.; in office,ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar.5.4
(ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.13.1.II of the real world, be, opp. become,γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl.Tht. 152d
, etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm.8.35, Protag.2, Pl.Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg.Fr.3 D., etc.;οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur.Ep. 1p.5U.
;ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Ma.7.28
; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit.7, Emp.129.5, etc.; ὄνindecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot.6.2.10.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen,τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
;ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th.2.13
, etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id.4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id.1.58;αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id.4.118
; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar.Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass? Pl.Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A.Ag.67.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th.1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl.Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt.1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30;τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th.7.8
; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S.El. 584, Ar.Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl.Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il.6.484), X.HG7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Hdt.1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id.9.11;τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp.VM 2
.IV folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il.22.348
;οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E.El. 903
; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A.Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th.6.88, 7.44, Pl.Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. ( εἰσί τινες οἵ .. Th.3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id.1.12,65;ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id.2.67
;ἦσαν οἵ X.An.5.2.14
; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp.Fract.1, VC4, X.Cyr.2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases,ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt.7.187
;ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th.8.65
; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id.1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl.Men. 85b: with relat. Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα, = Lat. est ubi, X.Cyr.7.4.15, etc.; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Pl.Prt. 331d, A.Eu. 517, S.OT 448, etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl.Phlb. 35a, R. 493e, etc.;οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως Pi.Fr.61
, cf. Hdt.7.102, A.Ag. 620; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188;οὐκ ἔ. ὡς Pl. Men. 76e
, etc.; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε, sometimes, Pi.Fr.180.2, S.Aj.56, Th. 7.21, etc.V ἦν is sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence, there was,τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Hes.Th. 321
; (but inἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί Epich.46
, cf. 59, al., it may be taken as [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.); (lyr.); ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι Epigr. ap. Aeschin.3.184; less freq.ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι Hdt.1.26
, cf. 7.34;ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Pl.R. 463a
; before dual Nouns, Ar.V.58, Pl.Grg. 500d.VI ἔστι impers., c. inf., it is possible,ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.20.246
;ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν Od. 15.392
; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (sc. πιθέσθαι) 4.193;τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι A. Pr. 1055
(anap.);ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν X.An.3.2.13
, cf. Ar.Ra. 1163, Aeschin.3.105, D.18.272, Arist.Ath.53.6, etc.; so in imper., opt., and subj.,ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ IG12.10.7
;μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν Pl.Plt. 271e
;ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν IG2.1054.91
: more freq. in neg. clauses, Il.6.267, etc.; folld. by ὥστε c. inf., S.Ph. 656: c. acc. et inf.,ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pi.P.2.96
;ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία A.Pr. 757
: sts. not impers. in this sense,θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν Id.Pers. 419
.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted,ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι D.H.Comp.25
;ἔστω σοι τοῦθ' οὕτως Plu.2.987b
; Chr.74.24.B most freq., to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import,τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Pl.Cra. 398d
; esp. in the phrase τοῦτ' ἔστι, hoc est;Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Plu.Publ.17
: with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν twice five are ten, X.Mem.4.4.7; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι Pl.R. 562d, etc.2 periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with [tense] pf. part. once in Hom., τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, Il.5.873; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869; ἔσται δεδορκώς ib. 1179;εἰμὶ γεγώς S.Aj. 1299
;πεφυκός ἐστι Ar.Av. 1473
;δεδρακότες εἰσίν Th.3.68
;κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε X.An.7.6.36
: with [tense] aor. part., once in Hom.,βλήμενος ἦν Il.4.211
; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S.OT90, 1146, cf. A.Supp. 460: with [tense] pres. part.,ἦν προκείμενον Id.Pers. 371
;φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν Id.Ch. 136
;εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν S.Aj. 1330
; τί δ' ἐστί.. φέρον; Id.OT 991, cf. 274, 708;λέγων ἐστίν τις E.Hec. 1179
;ἦν τίς σ' ὑβρίζων Id.HF 313
;πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος Pl.Ly. 204b
;βαδίζων εἰμί Ar.Ra. 36
; freq. in Hdt.,ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57
, al.; evenεἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49
(s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Id.1.171;αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798
;δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας S.El. 197
(anap.).C εἶναι is freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:I εἶναι with Advbs., where the Adv. often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate,ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Il.14.122
, etc.; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent, 4.22, Od.2.82;σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς E.Hec. 532
;διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424
; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Hdt.4.134; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th.6.88, Pl.Prt. 356e: freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it fared ill with them, Il.9.551;εὖ γὰρ ἔσται E.Med.89
, cf. Ar.Pl. 1188, etc.;ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη D.59.30
.II c. gen., to express descent or extraction,πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο Il.21.109
;αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο Od. 4.611
, cf. Hdt.3.71, Th.2.71, etc.;πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ X.An.7.3.19
.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Hdt.1.93; τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέων ib. 186; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Id.5.92.ή, etc.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Ar.Pl. 345;ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν Th.3.70
; ;Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν X.Mem.1.2.31
; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, D.2.2.d to express that a thing belongs to another,Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν A.Ag. 269
;τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων Hdt.3.117
, etc.: hence, to be of the party of,ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου D.9.56
, cf. 37.53; to be de pendent upon, S.Ant. 737, etc.; to be at the mercy of,ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Id.OT 917
.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like , οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, A.Ag. 940;τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16
; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Th.1.142, cf.83.f in LXX, to be occupied about,ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν 2 Ch.30.17
; ἔσεσθαι, c. gen., to be about to,ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε 2 Ki.10.11
.2 with two dats., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Hdt.5.84;μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα D.18.283
; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; Lat. quid tecum est mihi? Ev.Marc.5.7, etc.; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (sc. ἐστίν) Isoc.4.12; ; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, JHS18.113, etc.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Il.14.108;οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι Th.7.35
;προσδεχομένῳ Id.6.46
; (lyr.); .IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, = εἶναί τινος (supr. 11.a), X.Mem.1.6.9;εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων Pl.Phlb. 12d
; but εἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to be away from.., Th.1.99.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il.21.154, 24.397, etc.; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl.Sph. 256d.3 εἶναι ἐν .. to be in a certain state,ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Hdt.1.22
; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th.6.46, etc.;ἐν ταραχαῖς D.18.218
; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Th.1.130; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Hdt.3.18, etc.; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., S.OT 562, Pl.Phd. 59a.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Hdt.6.109, S.Ph. 963;ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314
; so also , X.Cyr.1.6.2, etc.4 εἶναι διά .., much like εἶναι ἐν .., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, = φοβεῖσθαι, Th.6.34; εἶναι δι' ὄχλου, = ὀχληρὸν εἶναι, Id.1.73;εἶναι διὰ μόχθων X.Cyr.1.6.25
; εἶναι δι' αἰτίας, = αἰτιᾶσθαι, D.H.1.70; Geom., pass through,διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Archim.Con.Sph.20
.5 εἶναι ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, D.25.23; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Id.39.21; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Id.2.12; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Id.6.33; εἶναι ἐφ' ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, X.An.4.6.11; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Apollon. Perg.Con.4.1; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, v. supr. 3 b.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Th.4.10,29, etc.; to suit, X.An. 1.2.11, etc.; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Pl.Phd. 84c, Philostr.VA5.31; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Arist.Pol. 1309a6, Ath.16.3;εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν Plb.1.26.3
; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν Telesp.46 H.;εἶναι περί τι X.An.3.5.7
, etc.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Id.Cyr.6.2.15, Hdt.8.140.ά (s.v.l.).8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., X.HG5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Men.Epit.30.10 εἶναι ἀπό .., in Geom., to be constructed upon, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9, Con.Sph.7.D ἐστί is very freq. omitted, mostly in the [tense] pres. ind. before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in - τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, S.OT92, Aj. 813; εἶ, Od.4.206; ἐσμέν, S.Ant. 634; ἐστέ, Od.10.463; εἰσί, S.OT 499 (lyr.), IG2.778 B; subj. ᾖ, Il.14.376, E.Hipp. 659, Antipho 5.32; opt. εἴη, IG22.1183.12; [tense] impf. ἦν, ib.2.778 B; [tense] fut. ἔσονται, Od.14.394.E the Inf. freq. seems redundant,1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. ἑκών)κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Is.2.32
;εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι Pl.Plt. 300c
; τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Th.8.48, X.HG3.5.9, cf. Lys.13.58;τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28
;τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι X.An.1.6.9
;κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι Pl.Prt. 317a
; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id.Cra. 396e, La. 201c, Theopomp. Com.98, Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2, etc.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, ;σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι Hdt.8.134
; of giving,δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Il. 11.20
.F [tense] impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take the [tense] pres.,1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Hdt.4.64;Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός E. Hipp. 359
; ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς ib. 1169;ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων Id.IA 1330
;ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα Theoc.5.79
; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦν; what is this? Ar.Ach. 157, cf. Pl.Cra. 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (APo.82b38, al.), used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr.67b12, de An.429b10.G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX, pleonastic forἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον Jd. 11.27
, cf. 6.18; alsoἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με Ge.4.14
. -
5 τέρπω
Aτέρπῃσι 17.385
: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.τέρπεσκον Q.S.7.378
, AP9.136 ([place name] Cyrus): [tense] fut. , etc.: [tense] aor.ἔτερψα h.Pan.47
, E.Heracl. 433, Pl.Lg. 658b:—the [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med. have a fivefold [tense] aor.,2 [dialect] Ep. ἐτάρφθην, τάρφθην, Od.6.99, 19.213, 251, 21.57.3 [dialect] Ep. ἐτάρπην, τάρπην, 23.300, Il.11.780, al.; inf.ταρπῆναι Od.23.212
, and ταρπήμεναι ib. 346, Il.24.3; subj. τρᾰπείω, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. τρᾰπείομεν (v. infr. 11.2).4 [dialect] Ep. also ἐταρπόμην, only in [ per.] 1pl. subj.ταρπώμεθα Od.4.295
, al.; also redupl. through all moods,τετάρπετο Il.19.19
, 24.513;τεταρπώμεσθα Od.11.212
, Il.23.10,98;τεταρπόμενος Od. 1.310
, al.5 [tense] aor. 1 ἐτερψάμην, in [dialect] Ep. subj.τέρψομαι 16.26
(but τέρψομαι is [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in Il.20.23, S.Fr. 677); opt. ; part.τερψάμενος Od.12.188
:—delight, gladden, cheer,ὅ κεν τέρπῃσιν ἀείδων 17.385
;τῇ [φόρμιγγι] ὅ γε θυμὸν ἔτερπεν Il.9.189
, al.;πεσσοῖσι.. θυμὸν ἔτερπον Od.1.107
;καὶ τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il. 15.393
;τοὐμὸν.. τ. κέαρ S.Tr. 1246
; θοίνῃ σε τ. Achae.17; ἡ ἀγγελίη.. ἔτερψε [ αὐτούς] Hdt.8.99; sts. in [dialect] Att. Prose, ἔπεσι.. τὸ αὐτίκα τέρψει will give momentary pleasure, Th.2.41, cf. Pl.Lg. 658b, 658e, etc.; τ. τὴν ἀκοήν, τὰς ἀκοάς, Phld.Po.5.26,28; ἧλιξ τέρπει τὸν ἥλικα, prov. in Pl.Phdr. 240c, etc.: abs., give delight, Od.1.347, 8.45, S.Aj. 475; τὰ τέρποντα delights, Id.OC 1217 (lyr.); ῥήματα τέρψαντά τι ib. 1281;οἱ τέρποντες λόγῳ ῥήτορες Th.3.40
;τὰ τέρψοντα X.Ages.9.4
.II more freq. in [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med.,1 in [dialect] Ep. the [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. is used, c. gen. rei, have full enjoyment of, enjoy to one's heart's content,ἐπεὶ τάρπημεν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Il.11.780
;ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐδωδῆς Od.3.70
;σίτου τάρφθεν 6.99
; ; ὕπνου, εὐνῆς ταρπήμεναι, 24.3, Od.23.346; φιλότητος ἐταρπήτην ib. 300; ἥβης ταρπῆναι ib. 212: metaph., take one's fill of lamentation,τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο Il.23.10
,98, Od. 11.212, cf. 19.213, 21.57.2 enjoy or delight oneself, c. dat. instr.,φρένα τ. φόρμιγγι Il.9.186
;μύθοισι Od.23.301
;δαιτί 1.26
;γόῳ φρένα 4.102
;δίσκοισιν Il.2.774
;ἐν θαλίῃς Od.11.603
, Hes.Op. 115; φιλότητι (or ἐν φ.)τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε Il.3.441
, 14.314 (whereas in the phrase λέκτρονδε τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντες (v.l. -θέντε), Od.8.292, the form τραπείομεν seems to be taken by the poet as belonging to τρέπω, though others retain the usu. sense by connecting λέκτρονδε with εὐνηθέντες or by punctuating after λέκτρονδε); so in Trag.,λαμπάδι τερπόμεναι A.Eu. 1042
(lyr.), cf. S.OC 1140, etc.; delight in, (Egypt, i A.D.);τοῖς εὐώδεσι Sor. 2.29
; : c. part.,λόγοις.. οἷς σὺ μὴ τέρψῃ κλύων S.Ant. 691
;τέρπεται τιμώμενος E.Ba. 321
; τί ἂν.. ἀκούσας τερφθείης; X.Mem.2.1.24: abs., πῖνε καὶ τέρπευ drink and be merry, Hdt.2.78.3 with internal acc., οἴην μοῖραν δέκα μοιρέων τέρπεται ἀνήρ has only one tenth part of the enjoyment, Hes.Fr. 162;κενὴν ἐτερπόμην.. τέρψιν S.Fr. 577
;τέρπου κενὴν ὄνησιν E.Or. 1043
.4 freq. with words which limit its sense,θυμῷ Il.19.313
, Od.16.26;θυμόν Il.21.45
;κατὰ θυμόν Hes.Op.58
, 358;φρένα Il.1.474
, Od.4.102, etc.;φρεσὶν ᾗσι τετάρπετο Il.19.19
, cf. Od.5.74;ἐνὶ φρεσίν 8.368
;τεταρπόμενος φίλον κῆρ 1.310
;ἀπάταισι θυμὸν τέρπεται Pi.P.2.74
. (Cf. Skt. trpnoti 'take one's fill', Causative tarpáyati 'delight (trans.)', Opruss. ka enterpo.. ? 'what is the use of..?', Goth. paurfts, OE. pearf 'benefit', Goth. parf 'I need'.) -
6 ἐπαλλάσσω
ἐπ-αλλάσσω: only aor. part., ἐπαλλάξαντες, entwining in each other, connecting (the ends of the cord of war), i. e. prolonging the contest; others interpret, ‘drawing the cord of war now this way, now that,’ Il. 13.359†.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἐπαλλάσσω
-
7 ζεύγνυμι
ζεύγνυμι, - ύωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `bring under the yoke, unite' (Il.)Other forms: Aor. ζεῦξαι, pass. ζυγῆναι, ζευχθῆναι, fut. ζεύξω, perf. pass. ἔζευγμαι (Il.), perf. act. ἔζευχα (Philostr.)Derivatives: 1. ζεῦξις `yoking, bridging' (Hdt.), often to prefixcompp., e. g. σύ-, διά-, ἐπί-ζευξις (IA). 2. ὑπο-, ἀνα-, παρα-, ἀπο-ζυγή etc. (since Va), as simplex only pap. (IV-VIp) meaning `pair'. 3. ζεῦγμα `what is used for joining, bridge of boats, canal-lock etc.' (Th., E., Plb.) with ζευγματικόν `payment for a ship through a canal-lock' (pap.). 4. ζεύγλη `part of a yoking' (`yoke-cushion, loop attached to the yoke through which the beasts' heads were put', cf. Delebecque Cheval 60 and 179) etc. (Il.; s. below). 5. ζεῦγος, s. v. 6. ζυγόν, s. v. 7. - ζυξ, s. ζυγόν. 8. ζευκτήριος `apt for yoking, connecting', n. `yoke' (A.), ζευκτηρίαι pl. `ropes two fasten a rudder' ( Act. Ap. 27, 40); later 9. ζευκτήρ `connecter' (J.), f. - ειρα (Orph.); cf. Chantraine Formation 45, 62f. and below. 10. ( δια- etc.) ζευκτικός (hell.). 11. ζευκτός (Str., Plu.; s. below).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [508] *i̯eug- `yoke, connectEtymology: Bedie the athematic νυ-present ζεύγνυμι (with full grade; cf. δείκνυμι) the other languages have forms with inner nasal, Skt. yunák-ti `yokes, connects' (athem.), Lat. iung-ō (them.), Lith. jung-iù (jot pres.) `id.', or nasalless forms, Av. yaog-ǝt_ (3. sg. pret., athem.), yuǰ-yeite (3. sg., jot pras.). The other Greek forms too show full grade except the aorist ἐζύγην and the noun - ζυγη, e.g. the future and the σ-aorist (s. Schwyzer 751) but also the late nom. ag. ζευκτήρ (= Sktd. yoktár-), and the σι-(τι-)deriv. ζεῦξις and the late verbal adj. ζευκτός (against Sktd. (prá-)yukti-, yuktá-). - The λ-deriv. ζεύγ-λη is not connected with Lat. iŭgulum `clavicle' and Skt. yúgalam `pair'. S. also ζυγόν.Page in Frisk: 1,609-610Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζεύγνυμι
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