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1 μετά
μετά (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc., in the NT not (B-D-F §203; Rob. 610) w. dat.—For lit. s. ἀνά, beg.; also for μετά (and σύν) Tycho Mommsen, Beiträge zu d. Lehre v. den griech. Präp. 1895. Basic idea: ‘in the vicinity of ’.A. w. gen. with① marker of placement, with, among, in company with someone (Gen 42:5; EpArist 180; En 22:13; 99:10; PsSol 4:6; JosAs 10:3 al.) or someth. ἦν μετὰ τῶν θηρίων he was among the wild animals Mk 1:13 (Diog. L. 6, 92 μόσχοι μετὰ λύκων). ἦν συγκαθήμενος μ. τῶν ὑπηρετῶν he sat down among the servants 14:54. μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη he was classed among the criminals Mk 15:28; Lk 22:37. τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μ. τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει he will assign him his lot among the faithless (unbelievers?) Lk 12:46; cp. Mt 24:51. ζῆτειν τὸν ζῶντα μ. τῶν νεκρῶν seek the living among the dead Lk 24:5. μὴ γογγύζετε μετʼ ἀλλήλων do not grumble among yourselves J 6:43. εἱστήκει Ἰούδας μετʼ αὐτῶν 18:5. ἡ σκηνὴ τ. θεοῦ μετὰ τ. ἀνθρώπων Rv 21:3a. μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν in the midst of the clouds 1:7.② marker of assoc. in gener. sense denoting the company within which someth. takes place, withⓐ w. gen. of pers. in company w. whom someth. takes placeα. w. verbs of going, remaining, etc. προσέρχεσθαι μ. τινος come (in company) with someone Mt 20:20; cp. 5:41; Mk 1:29; 3:7; 5:24, 37; 11:11; 14:17; Lk 2:51; 6:17; 9:49; 14:31; J 3:22b; 11:54; Ac 24:1; Gal 2:1. Angels accompanying the Messiah Mt 25:31; cp. 16:27; Mk 8:38; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 1:7. περιπατεῖν μ. τινος (Menand., Fgm. 178 Kö., Sam. 587f S. [242f Kö.]; ApcEsdr 6:12) J 6:66. γίνεσθαι μ. τινος be, remain with someone Ac 7:38; 9:19; 20:18; AcPlCor 2:4 (ApcMos 2 ἐγένοντο μ. ἀλλήλων). οἱ μ. αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his companions Mk 16:10. μένειν μ. τινος stay with someone 1J 2:19 (ParJer 3:15). ζήσασα μ. ἀνδρός Lk 2:36. ἀκολουθεῖν μ. τινος follow (after) someone Rv 6:8; 14:13 (s. ἀκολουθέω 2).β. used w. trans. verbs ἄγειν τινὰ μ. ἑαυτοῦ bring someone along (s. ἄγω 1b) 2 Ti 4:11. παραλαμβάνειν τινὰ μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ take or bring someone along (as a companion) (Gen 22:3) Mt 12:45; 18:16; Mk 14:33. ἔχειν τι μ. ἑαυτοῦ have someth. with oneself: bread 8:14; τινά someone (PGM 4, 1952): the lame Mt 15:30; the poor Mk 14:7; Mt 26:11; J 12:8; the bridegroom Mk 2:19b. Pass. συγκατεψηφίσθη μετὰ τ. ἕνδεκα ἀποστόλων he was chosen (to serve) with the eleven apostles Ac 1:26 (cp. Himerius, Or. 44 [=Or. 8], 3 μετὰ τῶν θεῶν ἀριθμούμενος=numbered with the gods).γ. esp. εἶναι μ. τινος be with someone, in someone’s company.א. lit. of close association: the disciples w. Jesus Mt 26:69, 71; Mk 3:14; 14:67; Lk 22:59; J 15:27; 17:24. Also of accompaniment for a short time Mt 5:25; J 3:26; 9:40; 12:17; 20:24, 26. Of Jesus’ association w. his disciples 13:33; 14:9; 16:4; 17:12. Of relations between the superintendent and the congregation μετὰ τ. ἐπισκόπου εἶναι be with, on the side of, the supervisor/bishop IPhld 3:2. οἱ μ. τινος (sc. ὄντες) someone’s friends, companions, etc. (Diod S 17, 96, 2 οἱ μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους; SIG 175, 5; 659, 5; 826e II, 30; Am 4:2; 8:10; Gen 24:59; 1 Macc 7:23; JosAs 27:7; AscIs 2:15; 3:6, 14; Jos., Vi. 397, Ant. 7, 20; Just., D. 8, 3 al.) Mt 12:3f; 26:51; Mk 1:36; 2:25; Lk 6:3f. Of things ἄλλα πλοῖα ἦν μ. αὐτοῦ other boats were with him, accompanied him Mk 4:36. ὁ μισθός μου μετʼ ἐμοῦ (sc. ἐστιν) Rv 22:12. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ the fire (of judgment) awaits him (the interpretation of the Armenian text; sim. the Lat.) AcPlCor 2:37.ב. in ref. to supportiveness be with someone, stand by, help someone of God’s help (Gen 21:20; 26:3; 28:20 al.; Jos., Ant. 15, 138) J 3:2; 8:29; 16:32; Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 39:2, 21); 10:38; cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 8:8); Lk 1:28; Ro 15:33. Of God’s hand (1 Ch 4:10) Lk 1:66; Ac 11:21. Of Christ: Mt 28:20; Ac 18:10.ג. a favorite expr. in conclusions of letters ὁ θεὸς τῆς ἀγάπης καὶ εἰρήνης ἔσται μ. ὑμῶν will be with you 2 Cor 13:11; cp. Phil 4:9; ὁ κύριος κτλ. 2 Th 3:16 (cp. Ruth 2:4); 2 Ti 4:22. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μ. ὑμῶν (sc. ἔσται) 1 Cor 16:23; cp. 1 Th 5:28; 1 Cl 65:2. μ. τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25; 21:9. μ. πάντων ὑμῶν 2 Th 3:18; cp. Eph 6:24. Short and to the point: ἡ χάρις μ. ὑμῶν Col 4:18; 1 Ti 6:21; cp. Tit 3:15; Hb 13:25. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις ἔλεος εἰρήνη 2J 3.—ἡ ἀγάπη μου μ. πάντων ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ my love is with you all in Christ Jesus 1 Cor 16:24. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Χρ. καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τ. θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 2 Cor 13:13 (WvanUnnik, Dominus Vobiscum: liturg. formula, TManson memorial vol., ’59, 270–305; on the Trinitarian formula s. the lit. on πνεῦμα 8).—In the expr. ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς μ. αὐτῶν Ac 14:27; 15:4 (cp. Hs 5, 1, 1) ὤν could be supplied what God has done in helping them; but ποιεῖν can just as well go w. μ. αὐτῶν has done for them, after the analogy of עָשָׂה עִם פּ׳ (Tob 12:6; 13:7 ἃ ποιήσει μεθʼ ὑμῶν; Jdth 8:26 ὅσα ἐποίησεν μετὰ Ἀβραάμ; 15:10; 1 Macc 10:27. In addition, cp. BGU 798, 8 εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῇ ἡμῶν δεσποίνῃ εἰς πάντα τὰ καλὰ ἃ ἐποίησεν μετὰ τ. δούλων αὐτῆς. But s. also LMaloney, ‘All That God Had Done with Them’ ’91, 118–21: God works ‘with’ the apostles and ‘through’ them). Here also belongs ποιεῖν ἔλεος μ. τινος have mercy on someone, show mercy to someone (Gen 24:12; 2 Km 3:8; JosAs 23:4) Lk 1:72; 10:37 (MWilcox, The Semitisms in Ac, ’65, 84f). ἐμεγάλυνεν κύριος τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτῆς the Lord has shown great mercy to her 1:58 (cp. 1 Km 12:24; Ps 125:2f).—In πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μ. τοῦ προσώπου σου Ac 2:28=Ps 15:11 the LXX has literally translated אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ; it means in your presence.ד. in ref. to taking sides or being allied in some way with someone: in contrast to εἶναι κατά τινος be against someone is εἶναι μ. τινος be with someone, on someone’s side Mt 12:30a; Lk 11:23a (AFridrichsen, ZNW 13, 1912, 273–80).ⓑ to denote the company in which an activity or experience takes place: ἀνακεῖσθαι μ. τινος recline at table with someone (for a meal) Mt 26:20. ἀνακλιθῆναι 8:11; cp. Lk 24:30. βασιλεύειν Rv 20:4, 6. γρηγορεῖν Mt 26:38, 40. δειπνεῖν Rv 3:20 (TestJob 15:2). δουλεύειν Gal 4:25. ἐμπαίζειν Mt 27:41. ἐσθίειν 9:11; 24:49; Mk 2:16ab; 14:14, 18; Lk 5:30 (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 9 [Stone p. 10]). ἠρώτα … ἵνα φάγῃ μ. αὐτοῦ he asked (him) to eat with him 7:36 (cp. TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 21 [Stone p. 68]; JosAs 7:1). εὐφραίνεσθαι 15:29; Ro 15:10 (Dt 32:43). κλαίειν 12:15b. κληρονομεῖν Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10; Just., D. 26, 1; cp. συγκληρονομεῖν JosAs 24:9). πίνειν Mt 26:29. ποιεῖν τὸ πάσχα celebrate the Passover (with someone) 26:18. συνάγειν 12:30b; Lk 11:23b. συνεσθίειν Gal 2:12. ταράττεσθαι Mt 2:3. τρώγειν J 13:1 v.l. χαίρειν Ro 12:15a.ⓒ The associative aspect can also derive expression from the fact that two opposite parties exert influence upon one another or that one party brings the other to adopt a corresponding, and therefore common, attitudeα. in friendly, or at least not in hostile, fashion: εἰρηνεύειν (3 Km 22:45) Ro 12:18; cp. 2 Ti 2:22; Hb 12:14. εὐθηνίαν ἔχειν Hm 2:3. κοινωνίαν ἔχειν 1J 1:3a, 7. λαλεῖν μετά τινος (cp. Gen 31:24, 29; 1 Macc 7:15) Mk 6:50; J 4:27ab. συλλαλεῖν μ. τινος Mt 17:3; Ac 25:12. συμβούλιον διδόναι Mk 3:6. συνάγεσθαι Mt 28:12; J 18:2. συνᾶραι λόγον Mt 18:23; 25:19. ἐγένοντο φίλοι ὅ τε. Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πιλᾶτος μετʼ ἀλλήλων Lk 23:12. οἱ μοιχεύοντες μετʼ αὐτῆς those who commit adultery with her Rv 2:22. πορνεύειν (cp. Ezk 16:34; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 7 [Stone p. 24]) 17:2; 18:3, 9. μολύνεσθαι 14:4 (cp. En 12:4 τῶν γυναικῶν ἐμιάνθησαν).β. in hostile fashion; after verbs of fighting, quarreling, etc. to denote the pers. w. whom the strife is being carried on πολεμεῖν μ. τινος carry on war with = against someone (נִלְחַם עִם פּ׳ 1 Km 17:33; 3 Km 12:24; ParJer 7:10. But s. also OGI 201, 3 ἐπολέμησα μετὰ τῶν Βλεμύων; BGU 1035, 9; 11. Also in Mod. Gk. [AThumb, Hdb. der neugriech. Volkssprache2 1910 §162, 1 note]) Rv 2:16; 12:7; 13:4; 17:14 (B-D-F §193, 4; Rob. 610). Also πόλεμον ποιεῖν (Gen 14:2; 1 Ch 5:19) 11:7; 12:17; 13:7 (Da 7:21 Theod.); 19:19. ζητεῖν μ. τινος deliberate or dispute w. someone J 16:19; cp. 3:25 (cp. ApcEsdr 2:6 δικάζου μεθʼ ἡμῶν). κρίνεσθαι go to law w. someone 1 Cor 6:6. κρίματα ἔχειν μ. τινος have lawsuits w. someone vs. 7.ⓓ of any other relation betw. persons, whether already existing or brought about in some manner εἶδον τὸ παιδίον μ. Μαρίας Mt 2:11. ἀνταποδοῦναι ὑμῖν ἄνεσιν μ. ἡμῶν 2 Th 1:7. ἐκδέχομαι αὐτὸν μ. τῶν ἀδελφῶν 1 Cor 16:11. Of delegations, composed of several units Mt 22:16; 2 Cor 8:18. συμφωνεῖν Mt 20:2.ⓔ of things ὧν τὸ αἷμα ἔμιξεν μ. τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν Lk 13:1. Pass. πιεῖν οἶνον μ. χολῆς μεμιγμένον Mt 27:34.ⓕ to show a close connection betw. two nouns, upon the first of which the main emphasis lies (Thu. 7, 75, 3 λύπη μ. φόβου; Pla., Rep. 9, 591b ἰσχύν τε καὶ κάλλος μετὰ ὑγιείας λαμβάνειν; Ar. 11:2 τόξον ἔχειν μ. φαρέτρας) ἀγάπη μ. πίστεως Eph 6:23. πίστις μ. σωφροσύνης 1 Ti 2:15. εὐσέβεια μ. αὐταρκείας 6:6. Cp. Eph 4:2b; Col 1:11; 1 Ti 1:14. φάρμακον μ. οἰνομέλιτος ITr 6:2.③ marker of attendant circumstances of someth. that takes place, withⓐ of moods, emotions, wishes, feelings, excitement, states of mind or body (Xenophon Eph. 1, 15, 5 μ. ἀδείας; 2, 10, 4 μ. ἐπιμελείας; PAmh II, 133, 11 μετὰ πολλῶν κόπων; PLond II, 358, 8 p. 172 [II A.D.]; SIG index IV p. 445f; LXX [Johannessohn, Präp. 209ff]; En et al.) μ. αἰδοῦς with modesty 1 Ti 2:9. μ. αἰσχύνης with shame (s. αἰσχύνη 2) Lk 14:9. μ. εὐνοίας Eph 6:7. μ. εὐχαριστίας Phil 4:6; 1 Ti 4:3f; cp. Ac 24:3. μετὰ χαρᾶς (2 Macc 15:28; 3 Macc 5:21; 6:34; En 10:16; PsSol 8:16 al.; s. χαρά 1a) 1 Th 1:6; Hb 10:34; 13:17; cp. Phil 2:29. μ. φόβου καὶ τρόμου 2 Cor 7:15; Eph 6:5; Phil 2:12. μ. φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς Mt 28:8. μ. πραΰτητος καὶ φόβου 1 Pt 3:16. μ. παρρησίας (Lev 26:13; 1 Macc 4:18; s. παρρησία 3a) Ac 2:29; 4:29, 31; 28:31; Hb 4:16. μ. πεποιθήσεως 1 Cl 31:3. μ. σπουδῆς (3 Macc 5:24, 27; Mel., P. 12, 80) Mk 6:25; Lk 1:39. μ. ταπεινοφροσύνης Eph 4:2a; cp. Ac 20:19. μ. ὀργῆς (3 Macc 6:23; TestJob 4:4) Mk 3:5. μ. δακρύων in tears (3 Macc 1:16; 4:2; 5:7; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 19 [Stone p. 20]; 14 p. 94, 21 [St. p. 36]; JosAs 28:8; ApcEsdr 6:23; s. δάκρυον) Mk 9:24 v.l.; Hb 5:7; 12:17. μ. εἰρήνης (s. εἰρήνη 1b) Ac 15:33; Hb 11:31.ⓑ of other accompanying phenomena (Antig. Car. 148 μετὰ φλογὸς καίεσθαι) μ. διωγμῶν though with persecutions Mk 10:30. μ. ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν 1 Ti 4:14. μ. νηστειῶν Ac 14:23. μ. θορύβου (Jos., Ant. 5, 216) 24:18. μ. παρακλήσεως 2 Cor 8:4. μ. παρατηρήσεως Lk 17:20. μ. ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας Ac 27:10 (s. ὕβρις 3). μ. φαντασίας 25:23. μ. δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27 (Just., A I, 50, 1 al. μ. δόξης, D. 132, 1 w. δυνάμεως). μ. ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπιτροπῆς Ac 26:12 (Jos., Ant. 20, 180 μετʼ ἐξουσίας). μ. βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ ἐξάγειν τινά (s. βραχίων) Ac 13:17. μ. φωνῆς μεγάλης w. a loud voice Lk 17:15 (cp. EpArist 235; 281; JosAs 28:9). μ. σάλπιγγος with a trumpet call Mt 24:31 (Plut., Mor. 1135f μετʼ αὐλῶν=with the sound of flutes). σφραγίσαντες τ. λίθον μετὰ τ. κουστωδίας makes the stationing of the guard an accompaniment to the sealing of the stone Mt 27:66 (another possibility here is the instrumental use of μετά [Lycurgus the orator 124 μ. παραδειγμάτων διδάσκειν; SEG VIII, 246, 8 μετὰ κυνῶν—an instrument of torture—βασανίσαι; CWessely, Neue griech. Zauberpap. 1893, 234 γράφε μ. μέλανος; 2 Macc 6:16]: secure the stone by means of a guard; s. σφραγίζω 1).ⓒ of concrete objects, which serve as equipment (Appian, Maced. 9 §4 μετὰ χρυσῶν στεφάνων; POxy 123, 15; 19 μετὰ τῶν χλαμύδων εἰσβῆναι; 1 Esdr 5:57; Jdth 15:13; TestJob 24:10 μ. ψαλίδος; JosAs 7:4 μ. χρυσίου καὶ ἀργύριου; ParJer 9:31 μ. πολλῶν λίθων; ApcSed 7:10 μ. χαλιναρίου; ApcMos 40 μ. τῶν σινδόνων) μ. μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων Mt 26:47; 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:52. μ. φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων καὶ ὅπλων (Xenophon Eph. p. 336, 20 μ. λαμπάδων) J 18:3.B. w. acc. In our lit. only in the mng. after, behind① marker of position that is behind someth., behind (Hom.+; Polyb.; Just., A I, 13, 4; Tat. 2, 2; not LXX) μ. τὸ δεύτερον καταπέτασμα behind the second curtain Hb 9:3.② marker of time after another point of time, after (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX)ⓐ with the time expressly given μ. πολὺν χρόνον (2 Macc 6:1.—μετʼ οὐ πολὺν χρ.: Hero Alex. I p. 340, 6; SIG 1169, 54; Jos., Vi. 407) Mt 25:19. μ. τοσοῦτον χρόνον (4 Macc 5:7; ParJer 5:18) Hb 4:7. μ. χρόνον τινά (Diod S 9, 10, 2; Witkowski 26, 9 [III B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 8, 398; cp. En 106:1 μ. δὲ χρόνον; ApcSed 13:3 μ. χρόνον) Hv 1, 1, 2f; Hs 5, 2, 5; 9, 13, 8. μ. ἡμέρας ἕξ after six days Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2 (ApcMos 42 μ. τὰς ἓξ ἡμέρας). μ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 5; Polyaenus 6, 53; 8, 62; EpArist 301; TestJob 52:1f; 53:7; ParJer 9:14; Jos., Ant 7, 280) Mt 27:63; Mk 8:31; 10:34; Lk 2:46; cp. μ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας AcPlCor 2:30. μ. δύο ἡμέρας Mt 26:2; Mk 14:1 (cp. Caesar, Bell. Gall. 4, 9, 1 post tertiam diem=on the third day). μ. τινας ἡμέρας Ac 15:36; 24:24. μετʼ οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας (Artem. 1, 78 p. 72, 30; Jos., Ant. 5, 328, Vi. 309) Lk 15:13. οὐ μ. πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας not long after these days = within a few days Ac 1:5 (B-D-F §226; 433, 3; Rob. 612; 1158; Dssm., ZVS 45, 1913, 60). W. gen. foll. μ. ἡμέρας εἴκοσι τῆς προτέρας ὁράσεως twenty days after the former vision Hv 4, 1, 1 (cp. Biogr. p. 31 μετὰ ξ´ ἔτη τοῦ Ἰλιακοῦ πολέμου; Gen 16:3). μ. τρεῖς μῆνας Ac 28:11. μ. τρία ἔτη Gal 1:18. ὁ μ. τετρακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονὼς νόμος 3:17.ⓑ w. designations that are general, but include the idea of time: μ. τὴν ἄφιξίν μου Ac 20:29. μ. τὸ πάσχα after the Passover 12:4. μ. τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος Mt 1:12.ⓒ gener. μ. τὴν θλῖψιν after the (time of) tribulation Mk 13:24; cp. μ. τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων Mt 24:29. μ. τὴν ἔγερσιν 27:53. μ. τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν Ac 13:15. μ. τὸ βάπτισμα 10:37. μ. μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν Tit 3:10. μ. τὸ ψωμίον after he had eaten the piece of bread J 13:27.—Quite gener. μ. τοῦτο after this, afterward (Lucian, Hermot. 31; Gen 18:5; Lev 14:19; EpArist 258; TestJob 11:4; TestReub 1:9; TestLevi 6:3; Just., D. 57, 4) J 2:12; 11:7, 11; 19:28; Hb 9:27; Rv 7:1. μ. ταῦτα after this (Aeneas Tact. 240; 350; Diod S 1, 7, 1; Ex 3:20; 11:8 and oft.; TestJob 21:4; TestLevi 6:5; TestJos 19:5; JosAs 10:15; ParJer 3:10; ApcEsdr 4:36; ApcMos 2; Just., A I, 32, 6) Mk 16:12; Lk 5:27; 10:1 and oft. μ. οὐ πολύ (Dio Chrys. 56 [73], 8; Lucian, Scyth. 1; Herodian 1, 9, 7; BGU 614, 14; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 96 II, 9; 1 Esdr 3:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 132) not long afterward Ac 27:14. μ. μικρόν a short while afterward Mt 26:73; Mk 14:70 (Just., D. 56, 17). Also μ. βραχύ Lk 22:58 (cp. μετʼ ὀλίγον: Lucian, Dial, Mort. 15, 3; PRyl 77, 41; Wsd 15:8; Jdth 13:9; TestAbrA 7 p. 84, 8 [Stone p. 16]; GrBar 9:3; Jos., Ant. 12, 136; 10:15; Just., D. 56, 18).ⓓ w. subst. aor. inf. foll.α. w. acc. (SIG 633, 105; 640, 13; 695, 78; 1233, 1; Sir 46:20; Jdth 16:25; Bar 1:9; 1 Macc 1:1, 9; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 11 [Stone p. 80]; 117, 5 [St. p. 82]; TestJob 5:2; TestLevi 18:1; ApcMos 1; Just., A I, 50, 12.—B-D-F §406, 3; Rob. 979) μ. τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με after I am raised up Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28. μ. τὸ παραδοθῆναι τὸν Ἰωάννην after John was arrested Mk 1:14.—Ac 1:3; 7:4; 10:41; 15:13; 19:21; 20:1; Hv 2, 1, 3; m 4, 1, 7; Hs 8, 1, 3; 8, 2, 5.β. without acc. (Aelian, VH 12, 1 p. 118, 27; Herodian 2, 9, 5; SIG 976, 39; UPZ 110, 193 [164 B.C.]; Sir 23:20; 32:18 v.l.; 1 Macc 1:20; ApcMos 26:42f; Just., A I, 14, 1; Tat. 16, 1) μ. τὸ λαλῆσαι αὐτοῖς after he had spoken to them Mk 16:19.—Lk 12:5; 1 Cor 11:25; Hb 10:26.—W. perf. inf. 10:15.—M-M. EDNT. TW. -
2 σπουδή
A haste, speed, σπουδὴν ἔχειν make haste, Hdt. 9.89; σ. ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ haste on the journey, Th.7.77;ὅκως ἂν αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι σπουδῆς ἔχοντα Hdt.9.66
; χωρίον.., οἷ σπουδὴν ἔχω whither I am hastening, Ar.Lys. 288;τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν Thphr.Char.3.6
; σπουδῇ in haste, v. infr. IV;σὺν σπουδῇ ταχύς S.Ph. 1223
; σὺν πάσῃ ς. with all dispatch, POxy.63.5 (ii/iii A.D.);διὰ σπουδῆς E.Ba. 212
, X.HG6.2.28, etc.;ἐκ σπουδῆς Arist.Mir. 837a15
; μετὰ ς. Ev.Marc.6.25, cf. Hdn.6.4.3, etc.;κατὰ σπουδήν Th.1.93
, 2.90, X.An.7.6.28, etc. (but this sense freq. runs into the next).II zeal, pains, trouble, effort,ἄτερ σπουδῆς Od.21.409
; σῆς ὑπὸ ς. A.Th. 585;σπουδῆς οὐκ ἀξία S.OT 778
, cf. Pl.R. 604c, etc.; freq. in dat. σπουδῇ, zealously, v. infr. IV. 3; soσὺν σπουδῇ Id.Lg. 818c
; σὺν πολλῇ ς. X.An.1.8.4; ἐπὶ μεγάλης ς. Pl.Smp. 192c; μετὰ πολλῆς ς. Id.Chrm. 175e; σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι exert oneself, take pains, be eager, Th.4.30; c. inf., Hdt.3.4, 7.205;σ. πολλὴν ποιέεσθαι Id.6.107
;πᾶσαν σ. ποιήσασθαι ὅπως.. PHib.1.71.9
(iii B.C.); σ. ποιεῖσθαι περί τινος Pl.Smp. 177c; περί τινα ib. 179d;ἐπί τινι Luc.Salt.1
: c. gen., σπουδήν τινος ποιήσασθαι make much ado about.., Hdt.1.4; σπουδαὶ λόγων κατατεινομένων zeal for the conflicting arguments, E.Hec. 130 (anap.);πρός τι D.S.17.114
;ἀμφὶ Κυράνας θέμεν σ. ἅπασαν Pi.P.4.276
;ὅτου χάριν σ. ἔθου τήνδ' S.Aj.13
; σ. ἔχειν, c. inf., to be eager, Hdt.6.120; c. acc. et inf., Id.7.149;σ. ἔχειν τινός E.Alc. 778
, 1014;περί τινος Pl. Amat. 136c
; ;ὅπως τι γένηται D.H.Comp.22
;σ. γίγνεται περί τι Pl.Phdr. 276e
;σ. ἐστι περὶ πραγμάτων D.8.2
; ; ἡ σ. τῆς ἀπίξιος my zeal in coming, Hdt.5.49, cf. S.Fr. 257; ὅπλων σπουδῇ with great attention to the arms, Th.6.31, cf. Pl.Lg. 855d: pl., ἐπιμέλειαι καὶ σ. πλήθους γεννημάτων eagerness for.., ib. 740d; zealous exertions, E. Ion 1061 (lyr.), Arist.Rh. 1370a12.b in a religious sense, zeal,πρὸς τὴν θεάν Inscr.Magn.85.12
(ii B.C.), cf.Ep.Rom.12.11; ἐνδείκνυσθαι ς. Ep.Hebr.6.11.2 esteem, regard for a person, διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ς. Antipho 6.41;πάνυ πολλῆς σ. ἄξιος X.Smp.1.6
; good will, good offices,σ. ὑπέρ τινος 2 Ep.Cor.8.16
, cf. PTeb.314.9 (ii A.D.); support in political life, Plu.Crass.7: pl., party feelings or attachments, rivalries,σ. ἰσχυραὶ φίλων περί τινος Hdt.5.5
;κατὰ σπουδάς Ar.Eq. 1370
, Ael.VH3.8; σπουδαὶ ἐρώτων erotic enthusiasms, Pl.Lg. 632a.III earnestness, σ. ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαι,= σπουδάζειν, E.Ph. 901, Ar.Ra. 522;σπουδῆς μὲν μεστοί, γέλωτος δὲ ἐνδεέστεροι X.Smp.1.13
, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.7.11, etc.: freq. with a Prep., in adv. sense, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις in earnest, seriously, Il.7.359, 12.233; μετὰ σπουδῆς, opp. ἐν παιδιαῖς, X.Smp.1.1; μετά τε παιδιᾶς καὶ μετὰ ς. Pl.Lg. 887d; , cf. Smp. 197e;καὶ χωρὶς σπουδῆς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπαινεῖν Arist.Rh. 1366a29
.IV σπουδῇ as Adv., in haste, hastily,προερέσσαμεν Od.13.279
;ἀνάβαινε 15.209
;στρατιὴν ἄγειν Hdt.9.1
, cf. 89; [dialect] Dor.,σπουδᾷ ἐξελθοῦσα IG42(1).121.21
(Epid., iv B.C.); freq. in [dialect] Att.,σ. πάνυ Th.8.89
, etc.;σπουδῇ ποδός E.Hec. 216
.2 with great exertion and difficulty, and so, hardly, scarcely,σπουδῇ ἕζετο λαός Il.2.99
, cf. 5.893, Od.3.297;σ. παρπεπιθόντες Il.23.37
, Od.24.119.3 earnestly, seriously, urgently, τί με καλεῖς σπουδῇ; E.Ph. 849;σπουδῇ ἀκούειν Pl.R. 388d
;σ. χαριεντίζεσθαι Id.Ap. 24c
; πάνυ ς. attentively, Id.Phd. 98b; πολλῇ ς. very busily, Hdt.1.88, Ar.Th. 791, X.Cyr.4.5.12, etc.;πάσῃ σ. μανθάνειν Pl.Lg. 952a
, etc. -
3 χαρά
χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ (χαίρω; Trag., Pla.+) ‘joy’.ⓐ gener. Gal 5:22. Opp. λύπη (X., Hell. 7, 1, 32; Philo, Abr. 151; TestJud 25:4; JosAs 9:1; ApcMos 39) J 16:20f; 2 Cor 2:3; Hb 12:11. Opp. κατήφεια Js 4:9. W. ἀγαλλίασις Lk 1:14; 1 Cl 63:2; MPol 18:2. χαρὰ μεγάλη (Jon 4:6; Jos., Ant. 12, 91; Iren. 1, 2, 6 [Harv. I 22, 10]; s. χαίρω 1) Mt 28:8; Lk 24:52; Ac 15:3. τὸ τῆς χ. μέγεθος AcPl Ha 6, 9; πολλὴ χ. (BGU 1141, 3 [I B.C.] μετὰ πολλῆς χαρᾶς) Ac 8:8; Phlm 7. πᾶσα χ. (Sb 991, 6 μετὰ πάσης χαρᾶς) Ro 15:13; Phil 2:29; Js 1:2.—W. prep. ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς (B-D-F §210, 1; Rob. 580) for joy Lk 24:41; Ac 12:14; ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ in his joy Mt 13:44. ἐν χαρᾷ Ro 15:32; IEph ins; MPol 18:2. μετὰ χαρᾶς (X., Hiero 1, 25; Polyb. 21, 34, 12 v.l.; Diod S 16, 79, 4; Plut., Mor. 1095b; Jos., Ant. 8, 124; LXX; PsSol 8:16; Did., Gen. 215, 9) with joy Mt 13:20; 28:8; Mk 4:16; Lk 8:13; 10:17; 24:52 (Jos., Ant. 11, 67 ὥδευον μετὰ χ. [to Jerus.]); Phil 1:4; Col 1:11; Hb 10:34; 13:17; 1 Cl 65:1; Hv 1, 3, 4 (w. ἐπαγγέλλω, so Joly, cp. 1 Cl 34:7 ‘great and glorious promises’).—W. subjective gen. J 15:11b (cp. 11a ἡ χ. ἡ ἐμή); 16:22 (Lycon [III B.C.] Fgm. 20 Wehrli ’52: τὴν ἀληθινὴν χαρὰν τῆς ψυχῆς τέλος ἔλεγεν εἶναι=he designated the true joy of the soul as the goal); 2 Cor 1:24; 7:13; 8:2. W. gen. to denote the origin of the joy χ. τῆς πίστεως joy that comes from faith Phil 1:25. χ. πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6; also χ. ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ Ro 14:17.—Used w. verbs: χαρῆναι χαρὰν μεγάλην be filled with intense joy Mt 2:10. Cp. 1 Th 3:9 (χαίρω 1); χαρᾷ χαίρειν (χαίρω 1) J 3:29a (foll. by διά τι at someth.). ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι χαρᾷ 1 Pt 1:8 (Pol. 1:3). ἔχειν χαράν have joy, feel pleased 2 Cor 1:15 v.l.; Phlm 7; 3J 4; difft. Hs 1:10 ( have joy accompanying it). χαρὰν λαμβάνειν experience joy Hv 3, 13, 2 (Just.. D. 100, 5); GJs 12:2; 20:4 (codd.). χαρὰν ποιεῖν τινι give someone joy Ac 15:3. χαράν τινι παρέχειν 1 Cl 63:2. πληροῦν τινα χαρᾶς fill someone with joy (Jos., Bell. 3, 28) Ro 15:13; pass. πληροῦσθαι χαρᾶς (Diod S 3, 17, 3 τέκνα … πεπληρωμένα χαρᾶς; Περὶ ὕψους 7, 2 ψυχὴ πληροῦται χαρᾶς; EpArist 261; Philo, Mos. 1, 177; Jos., Ant 15, 421; Just., A I, 49, 5) Ac 13:52; 2 Ti 1:4; Dg 10:3. Also χαρᾶς ἐμπί(μ)πλασθαι (cp. Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 123; Jos., Ant. 3, 99) MPol 12:1; χαρᾶς πλησθείς AcPl Ha 2, 15; perh. 8, 6f. χαρᾷ ὑπερπερισσεύεσθαι 2 Cor 7:4. πᾶσαν χαρὰν ἡγεῖσθαι Js 1:2 (ἡγέομαι 2). ἔσται χαρά σοι Lk 1:14; ἔσται σοι χ. GJs 20:3 (codd.); without the dat. there will be joy Lk 15:7 (χ. ἐπί w. dat. as Jos., Ant. 7, 252); also γίνεται χαρά (Tob 11:18 S) vs. 10, cp. Ac 8:8; AcPl Ha 6, 3. χαρᾶς εἶναι (qualitative gen.) be pleasant Hb 12:11. χαρὰ ὅτι joy that J 16:21.—Ign. provides χαρά w. adjectives to set it off: ἄμωμος IEph ins; IMg 7:1; αἰώνιος κ. παράμονος IPhld ins.—The Johannine lit. places emphasis on joy as brought to the highest degree (πληρόω 3) ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ πεπλήρωται J 3:29b; cp. 15:11b; 16:24; 17:13; 1J 1:4; 2J 12. Cp. also the act. πληρώσατέ μου τὴν χαράν Phil 2:2.—As v.l. for χάρις 2 Cor 1:15.ⓑ metonymically, a state of joyfulness (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 52 p. 354, 3 Jac. οἱ ἀκούοντες ἐν χαρᾷ ἦσαν) εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν χαρὰν τοῦ κυρίου σου (GrBar 15:4.—Of God: δωρήσεται ζωὴν αἰώνιον, χ., εἰρήνην Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 2]) Mt 25:21, 23 (so BWeiss; Jülicher, Gleichn. 475; Zahn, JWeiss, OHoltzmann; but s. 2c). Of Christ ὸ̔ς ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς ὑπέμεινεν σταυρόν Hb 12:2 (πρόκειμαι 2).② a pers. or thing that causes joy, joy, metonymicallyⓐ of persons as a source of joy, Phil 4:1 (EPeterson, Nuntius 4, ’50, 27f); 1 Th 2:19f.ⓑ of an event that calls forth joy. An angelic message εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην Lk 2:10.ⓒ of a festive dinner or banquet (s. Dalman, Worte 96; Billerb. I 879; 972) so perh. Mt 25:21, 23 (but would this have been intelligible to Greeks? S. 1b).—EGulin, Die Freude im NT I (Jesus, early church, Paul) ’32; II (John’s gosp.) ’36; Bultmann on J 17:13; PBernadicou, Joy in the Gospel of Lk, diss. Rome, ’70.—B. 1102; TRE XI 584–86; RAC VIII 348–418.—DELG s.v. χαίρω I A 3. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. -
4 χαρά
A joy, delight, first in Sapph.Supp.1.6, then in Trag. and (less freq.) in Com. and Prose: c. gen., στόματος ἐν πρώτῃ χ., of a hungry man, A.Fr. 258; c. gen. objecti, joy in or at a thing, (lyr.); πρὸς χαρὰν λόγων in accordance with joyous tidings, S.Tr. 179 (v.l. χάριν) ; κέρτομος θεοῦ χ. a joy sent by some mocking god, E.Alc. 1125;ἅμα χαρᾷ δακρυούσας X. HG7.2.9
;χ. ἐπί τινι Pl.Def. 413e
;ἔδωκας ἡμῖν χ. S.Tr. 201
; (lyr.);ἐμπλῆσαί τινα χαρᾶς Id.Ph. 170
;χαρά μ' ὑφέρπει A.Ag. 270
; λέγεις μοι χαράν wishest me joy, Ar.Pl. 637 (lyr.);χ. ἐνεργάσασθαι Gorg.Hel.8
;χαίρειν ἀνδραπόδων τινὰ χαράν Plu.2.1091e
, cf. Ev.Matt.2.10;ἡδονὴ καὶ τέρψις καὶ χ. Pl.Phlb.19
;ἀπορέουσι.. χαρᾶς Democr.293
, cf. Epicur.Fr.2; ;εἴσελθε εἰς τήν χ. τοῦ Κυρίου σου Ev.Matt.25.21
: with joy,A.
Ag. 1630, Ch. 233, etc.;μετὰ χαρᾶς Com.Adesp.771
, X.Hier.1.25, LXX 1 Ch.29.22, al.;μετὰ μεγάλης χ. Plb.21.34.12
(s.v.l.);μετὰ πολλῆς χ. BGU1141.3
(i B. C.), cf. 1768.7 (i B. C.); ;ὑπὸ χ. X.Cyn.6.15
; , etc.; opp. λύπη, Sor.1.46, al.II in concrete sense, a joy, of persons,χ. μου Ep.Phil.4.1
, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.2.20. -
5 ἐπίστασις
A stopping, stoppage, [ τῆς κοιλίης], οὔρου, Hp.Coac. 480, Prorrh.1.110; ἐ. αἵματος sluggishness of the flow of blood, Id.Insomn.93, cf. Arist.GA 718a21; of the growth of trees, Thphr.CP2.9.1; πρὸς ἐπίστασιν τῶν ἄλλων as a deterrent to others, PAmh.2.134.9 (ii A.D.).2. violence, vehemence, ἐπαινεῖ τὴν Ζήνωνος πραγματείαν μετὰ δή τινος λαμπρᾶς ἐ. Procl. in Prm.p.604 S.II. ([etym.] ἐφίσταμαι) stopping, halt,τοῦ στρατεύματος X.An.2.4.26
, cf. Plb.8.28.13; φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις haltings of thought, anxious thoughts, S.Ant. 225;ἐπιστάσεις καὶ διατριβαί Plu.2.48b
(following quot. of S.Ant. 232); opp. κίνησις, Arist.de An. 407a33, cf. LI 969b3.b. ἐπίστασιν ἔχει, πῶς.. there is a difficulty, as to how.., Id.Metaph. 1089b25.2. stopping to examine a thing, observation, attention,τοῦτ' ἄξιον ἐπιστάσεως, εἰ.. Id.Ph. 196a36
; μετὰ ἐ. Plb.2.2.2; μετὰπολλῆς ἐ. καὶ φιλοτιμίας D.S.29.32
;ἄξιος ἐπιστάσεως Plb.11.2.4
, Phld. Rh.1.31 S.; ἄγειν τινὰ εἰς ἐ. Plb.9.22.7; ἐξ ἐ. ῥητέον carefully, Id.3.58.3; ἐπίστασίν τινων λαμβάνειν Aristeas 256; medical treatment, care,πρὸς φλεγμονήν Sor.1.76
: generally, care, attention, Phld.Lib. p.50., Mus.p.84K.3. = ἐπιστασία 11, D.S.14.82, Ph.1.143 codd.; κατὰ τὴν ἐ. during his term as ἐπιστάτης, SIG10 (Samos, vi B.C.); ἐ. ἔργων superintendence of works, X.Mem.1.5.2;ἡ ἐ. μοι ἡ καθ' ἡμέραν 2 Ep.Cor.11.28
; oversight of students, D.H.Comp.1.4. beginning,ἐ. ποιεῖσθαι ἀπὸ.. Plb.1.12.6
; ἡ ἐ. τῆς ἱστορίας introduction, Id.2.71.7; ἀρχὴ καὶ ἐ. τῆς κατασκευῆς method of setting about construction, Ph.Bel.50.35.5. scum on urine, Hp.Aph.7.35.6. position in rear, τὴν ἐ. ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις ἔχειν one behind the other, of ships, Plb.1.26.12.7. = μέρος τι τῆς νεώς, Hsch.; cf. ἐπιστατήρ.III. onset, LXX 2 Ma.6.3;ὄχλου Act.Ap.24.12
(nisi leg. ἐπισύστασις).IV. ἐν ἐπιστάσει καὶ ἐν ἀπολογισμῷ, perh. of land of which the rent has been raised, PTeb.61 (a).163 (ii B.C.), al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπίστασις
-
6 κραυγή
κραυγή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Eur., X. et al.; Vett. Val. 2, 35; PPetr II, 45 III, 25 [246 B.C.]; POxy 1242 III, 54; PTebt 15, 3; LXX; En 104:3; PsSol 1:2; TestJob 33:2; EpArist; Joseph.; Ath. 11:1).① a loud cry or call, shout lit.ⓐ shout(ing), clamor of excited persons Eph 4:31. Of people shouting back and forth in a quarrel: ἐγένετο κ. μεγάλη there arose a loud outcry Ac 23:9 (cp. Ex 12:30; without μεγ. X., Cyr. 7, 5, 28). Of people who incite one another to enjoy a spectacle AcPl Ha 4, 6.ⓑ a loud (articulate) cry κ. γέγονεν w. direct discourse foll. there arose a shout Mt 25:6 (EGrässer, D. Problem der Parousieverzögerung, ZNW Beih. 22, ’57, 124f). ἀνεφώνησεν κραυγῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εἶπεν w. direct discourse foll. Lk 1:42; cp. Rv 14:18 v.l. Of fervent prayer (Ps 17:7; 101:2; Jon 2:3) μετὰ κ. ἰσχυρᾶς with loud crying Hb 5:7 (cp. Diod S 19, 83, 3 and Ath. 11:1 μετὰ πολλῆς κραυγῆς—μετὰ κ. as Diod S 11, 36, 1; Nicol. Dam.: 90, Fgm. 130, 25 p. 409, 20 Jac.; UPZ 8, 17 [161 B.C.]; EpArist 186; Jos., Bell. 2, 517). ἀκουσθῆναι ἐν κ. τὴν φωνὴν ὑμῶν so that your voice is heard in loud cries B 3:1 (Is 58:4).—τρία μυστήρια κραυγῆς, ἅτινα ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ θεοῦ ἐπράχθη three mysteries (to be) loudly acclaimed, which were quietly accomplished by God IEph 19:1. The three ‘mysteries’ are the virginity of Mary, her childbearing, and the death of Jesus. In contrast to God’s quiet performance, Ign appears to have in mind their public proclamation in a cultic setting as part of the divine design, with a responsory cry of acclamation. Others interpret κ. here as the proclamation itself.② outcry in grief or anxiety, wailing, crying (cp. Ex 3:7; 11:6; Esth 4:3; Is 65:19; TestJob 33:2) Rv 21:4.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
7 φαντασία
A appearing, appearance, = τὸ φαίνεσθαι, πάντες ἐφίενται τοῦ φαινομένου ἀγαθοῦ, τῆς δὲ φ. οὐ κύριοι do not control the appearing, Arist.EN 1114a32; usu. with less verbal force, appearance, presentation to consciousness, whether immediate or in memory, whether true or illusory,φαίνεται μὲν ὁ ἥλιος ποδιαῖος, ἀντίφησι δὲ πολλάκις ἕτερόν τι πρὸς τὴν φ. Id.Insomn. 460b19
; ἡ τοῦ γάλακτος φ. the appearance of the milky way, Id.Mete. 339a35;ἡ τοῦ προσώπου φ. Phld.Acad.Ind. p.50
M.; esp. of visual images, ἐπεὶ ἡ ὄψις μάλιστα αἴσθησίς ἐστι, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ φάους εἴληφεν [ἡ φ.] Arist. de An. 429a2; κατοπτρικὴ φ. image reflected in a mirror, Placit.3.1.2; also of other sense=perceptions, φ. καὶ αἴσθησις ταὐτὸν ἔν τε θερμοῖς καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τοιούτοις appearance is the same as perception, whether we are talking of hot things or of anything else like them, Pl.Tht. 152c, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.21;ταῦτα ἔστι μέν τι, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὧν ἐμποιεῖ τὴν φ. Arist.Metaph. 1024b24
;ἡ φ. ἐστὶν αἴσθησίς τις ἀσθενής.. κἂν τῷ ἐλπίζοντι ἀκολουθοῖ ἂν φ. τις οὗ ἐλπίζει Id.Rh. 1370a28
;αἱ [αἰσθήσεις] ἀληθεῖς ἀεί, αἱ δὲ φ. γίνονται αἱ πλείους ψευδεῖς Id.de An. 428a12
;φ. ἀληθεῖς ἁπάσας Epicur.Fr. 254
;ἀπελθόντων τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἔνεισιν αἱ αἰσθήσεις καὶ φ. ἐν τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις Arist. de An. 425b25
; διὰ τὸ ἐμμένειν [τὰς φ.] καὶ ὁμοίας εἶναι ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι ib. 429a5;τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλοιουμένης ἐξ ἧς γίνεσθαι τὴν φ. Thphr.Sens.63
;ἐλέγχειν τὰς ἀλλήλων φ. καὶ δόξας Pl.Tht. 161e
; freq. in later Philos. esp. in meaning psychic image, Epicur.Ep.1p.12U., S.E.M.7.152, M.Ant.4.24, al.; defined asτύπωσις ἐν ψυχῇ Chrysipp.Stoic.2.23
;φ. καταληπτική Zeno Stoic. 1.17
, etc.; [φ. κ.] ἢν κριτήριον εἶναι τῶν πραγμάτων φασί, τὴν γιγνομένην ἀπὸ ὑπάρχοντος κατ' αὐτὸ τὸ ὑπάρχον ἐναπεσφραγισμένην Stoic. 2.21
, cf. 26, al.; διανοητικαὶ φ. mental images, Cic.Fam.15.16.1;νυκτεριναὶ φ. Phlp.
in de An.486.13, cf. Gp.12.17.15; apparition, Arist.Mir. 846a37.b less scientifically, appearance, ἐμποιοῦντα τὴν φ. (sc. τοῦ ἐλέγχειν) Id.SE 165b25;τὸ παράδοξον τῆς τῶν ζῴων φ. Plb. 3.53.8
, cf. 5.48.9, App.BC4.102, Hann.15;κατὰ τὴν πρώτην φ. Plb.11.27.7
; συναύξειν τὴν φ. [τῆς νίκης] Id.16.8.3;δουλεύοντες τῇ τῶν ἐκτὸς φ. Id.30.19.4
;φ. ποιεῖν καὶ προσδοκίαν Id.18.10.7
, cf. 14.2.4; ζῷα.. μέχρι φ. φαινόμενα (in a conjuring trick) Cels. ap. OrigenesCels.1.68;κατὰ τὴν πρόχειρον οὑτωσὶ φ. Gal.6.105
, cf. 15.17,115, 19.206;τῶν ἀπεπτούντων ἐνίοις φ... γίνονται Id.18(2).73
, cf. 71, al.2 imagination, i.e. the re-presentation of appearances or images, primarily derived from sensation (cf.αἴσθησις 11
), ὅταν μὴ καθ' αὑτὸ ἀλλὰ δι' αἰσθήσεως παρῇ τινι τὸ τοιοῦτον αὖ πάθος (sc. δόξα) ἆρ' οἷόν τε ὀρθῶς εἰπεῖν ἕτερόν τι πλὴν φ.;.. φαίνεται δὲ ὃ λέγομεν (i.e. φαντασία)σύμμειξις αἰσθήσεως καὶ δόξης Pl.Sph. 264a
, 264b;οὐδὲ δόξα μετ' αἰσθήσεως οὐδὲ δι' αἰσθήσεως οὐδὲ συμπλοκὴ δόξης καὶ αἰσθήσεως φ. ἂν εἴη Arist. de An. 428a26
; ἡ φ. καθ' ἣν λέγομεν φάντασμά τι ἡμῖν γίγνεσθαι ib. 428a1;ἔστι δὲ φ. ἡ ὑπὸ τῆς κατ' ἐνέργειαν αἰσθήσεως γινομένη κίνησις Id.Insomn. 459a17
, cf. de An. 429a1; εἰ ἔστι καὶ τοῦτο [τὸ νοεῖν] φ. τις ἢ μὴ ἄνευ φ. ib. 403a8; c. gen.,μέλλοντος κακοῦ Id.Rh. 1382a21
, cf. 1370a30, b33, al.;αἰσχροῦ φ. Cic.Att.9.6.5
; alsoπερὶ ἀδοξίας φ. ἐστὶν ἡ αἰσχύνη Arist.Rh. 1384a23
; γίγνεται ἑκάστῳ φ. ὅτι τοιοῦτός [ἐστι] ib. 1371a9;ἡ κατὰ τὴν σύλληψιν φ. τῆς γυναικός Placit.5.12.2
, cf. Sor.1.39 (pl.); τὰ πρὸς τὴν φ. χρώματα colours as judged by the φ., apparent colours, Placit.1.15.8; φωτίζεσθαι πρὸς τὴν φ. ib.2.28.6.b in Aristotle, faculty of imagination, both presentative and representative, opp.αἴσθησις, [φ.] οὐκ ἔστιν αἴσθησις Arist.de An. 428a5
; opp. δόξα, because πίστις is absent, ib.22, 24; opp. ἐπιστήμη, νοῦς, διάνοια, οὐδὲ [φ.] τῶν ἀεὶ ἀληθευόντων οὐδεμία ἔσται, οἷον ἐπιστήμη ἢ νοῦς ib. 428a17; φ. ἕτερον καὶ αἰσθήσεως καὶ διανοίας· αὐτή τε οὐ γίγνεται ἄνευ αἰσθήσεως καὶ ἄνευ ταύτης οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπόληψις ib. 427b14;φ. γίνεται ἢ διὰ νοήσεως ἢ δι' αἰσθήσεως Id.MA 702a19
;ὀρεκτικὸν [τὸ ζῷον] οὐκ ἄνευ φ., φ. δὲ πᾶσα ἢ λογιστικὴ ἢ αἰσθητική Id.de An. 433b28
.c creative imagination,φ. σοφωτέρα μιμήσεως δημιουργός Philostr.VA6.19
.3 the use of imagery in literature,τεθορύβηται ταῖς φ. μᾶλλον ἢ δεδείνωται Longin.3.1
;ἡ ῥητορικὴ φ. Id.15.2
;ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀποδεικτικοῦ περιελκόμεθα εἰς τὸ κατὰ φαντασίαν ἐκπληκτικόν Id.15.11
;αἱ ποιητικαὶ φ. Plu.2.759c
;ἐς τὰς φ. τῶν λεγομένων τῷ σχήματι τοῦ σώματος συνεφέροντο App.Pun. 134
, cf. Hisp.26, Syr.40.4 prestige, reputation,μεγάλην ἐφείλκετο φ. ὡς μόνος εἰδὼς τί λέγει Plb.22.9.12
, cf. 24.7.2, 24.11.5, Fr. 233;ἐκ τοῦ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐλέγχειν φ. ἀπενέγκασθαι προαιρούμενος Hipparch.1.1.6
; parade, ostentation,ποιέειν μηδὲν περιέργως μηδὲ μετὰ φαντασίης Hp.Decent.7
, cf. Plb.15.25.22, 16.21.1, 31.26.6, Posidon.36 J., D.S.12.83, Vett.Val.38.26, al.;ἡ ἐφήμερος τῆς ἀρχῆς φ. Sopat.
ap. Stob.4.5.55;μετὰ πολλῆς φ. Act.Ap. 25.23
, cf. D.L.4.53.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φαντασία
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8 παράκλησις
παράκλησις, εως, ἡ (παρακαλέω; Thu.+).① act of emboldening another in belief or course of action, encouragement, exhortation (Thu. 8, 92, 11; Ps.-Pla., Def. 415e; Polyb. 1, 67, 10; 1, 72, 4; 22, 7, 2; Diod S 15, 56, 2; 2 Macc 7:24; Philo, Vi. Cont. 12; Jos., Vi. 87) 1 Th 2:3; 1 Ti 4:13; Hb 12:5. W. οἰκοδομή: λαλεῖν παράκλησιν speak words of exhortation 1 Cor 14:3. παράκλησις ἐν Χριστῷ Christian exhortation Phil 2:1 (mng. 3 is also prob.). Likew. interpretation varies betw. 1 and 3 for Ro 12:8 (s. παρακαλέω 2 and 4).—2 Cor 8:17 could stand under 1, but prob. may better be classed w. 2. λόγος τῆς π. word of exhortation (cp. 2 Macc 15:11 ἡ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις παράκλησις; 7:24; Dio Chrys. 1, 9) Hb 13:22; cp. Ac 13:15. ἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ἔχειν be greatly encouraged Hb 6:18.② strong request, appeal, request (Strabo 13, 1, 1; Appian, Liby. 51 §221; PTebt 392, 26; 36 [II A.D.]; PLond III, 1164d, 10 p. 159 [212 A.D.]; in pap VI A.D. oft. w. δέησις; 1 Macc 10:24; Jos., Ant. 3, 22) μετὰ πολλῆς π. δεόμενοι request earnestly 2 Cor 8:4 (μετὰ παρακλήσεως as Astrampsychus p. 28 Dec. 53, 5). παράκλησιν ἐδέξατο he has accepted (my) appeal vs. 17 (Jos., Vi. 193; s. 1 above; but also Betz p. 70f).③ lifting of another’s spirits, comfort, consolation (Epict. 3, 23, 28; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 6; Phalaris, Ep. 103, 1; Jer 16:7; Hos 13:14; Na 3:7; Job 21:2) Ac 9:31; 2 Cor 1:4–7; 7:4, 13; Phil 2:1 (s. 1 above); Phlm 7. παράκλησις αἰωνία everlasting (=inexhaustible) comfort 2 Th 2:16. ἡ π. τῶν γραφῶν the consolation that the sciptures give Ro 15:4 (cp. 1 Macc 12:9 παράκλησιν ἔχοντες τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια). ὁ θεὸς τῆς π. vs. 5; cp. 2 Cor 1:3. Of comforting circumstances, events, etc. Lk 6:24; Ac 15:31; 2 Cor 7:7.—In an eschatol. sense (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 26 ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι) προσδεχόμενος π. τοῦ Ἰσραήλ looking for the consolation of Israel (i.e. Messianic salvation; s. Is 40:1; 61:2) Lk 2:25 (s. Dalman, Worte 89f; Billerb. II 124–26.—In later times Jews occasionally called the Messiah himself מְנַחֵם=‘comforter’; s. Billerb. I 66; Bousset, Rel.3 227).—Ac 4:36 The name Barnabas is translated υἱὸς παρακλήσεως (s. βαρναβᾶς and s. also Dalman, Gramm.2, 178, 4).—DELG s.v. καλέω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
9 φαντασία
φαντασία, ας, ἡ (Aristot., Polyb. et al.; LXX, TestSol; TestReub 3:7; 5:7; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 69 al.; Just.; Tat. 14, 1; Ath. 27, 1f) pomp, pageantry (Polyb. 15, 25, 22; 16, 21, 1 μετὰ φαντασίας; Diod S 12, 83, 4; Vett. Val. 38, 26) ἐλθόντος τοῦ Ἀγρίππα μετὰ πολλῆς φαντασίας Ac 25:23 (πολλὴ φ. as Pel.-Leg. 4, 7f; on the nature of such pomp s. BKinman, NTS 40, ’94, 445 [lit]; s. also GWatson, ANRW 2/36/7, ’94, 4765–4810 [philosophical aspect, fr. late Hellenism to early Neoplatonism]).—Rdm.2 12.—DELG s.v. φαίνω B 10. M-M. Sv. -
10 ἡσυχία
ἡσυχία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).① state of quietness without disturbance, quietness, rest (Diod S 4, 2, 2 opp. to accompaniment of thunder and lightning; 16, 13, 2 without any fanfare; 18, 9, 3 without experiencing disturbance; Diog. L. 9, 21 of a quiet scholar’s life w. implied contrast of being engaged in public affairs; Pind., P. 1, 70 σύμφωνον ἐς ἁσυχίαν ‘to harmonious peace’ among citizens; Jos., Ant. 18, 245 opp. bustle of city life) w. πραότης Hm 5, 2, 6 (TestAbr A 1 p. 77, 3 [Stone p. 2]). Of living in a way that does not cause disturbance (Mel., HE 4, 26, 6) 2 Th 3:12 (cp. ἀτάκτως vs. 11 and juxtaposition of ἀτακτεῖν and ἡσυχία Sotades 6, 8f [Coll. Alex. p. 241]; μετὰ ἡσυχίας as in Diod S [s. above] and SIG 1109, 64f of an injunction to bit-players in a cultic drama not to overplay or ‘ham it up’; UPZ 8, 17 [161 B.C.]; BGU 614; Sir 28:16). ἡσυχίαν ἔχειν ἀπό τινος have respite from someth. ApcPt 17:32.② state of saying nothing or very little, silence (Pla., Ep. 2, 312c; Pr 11:12; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 14; Jos., Ant. 3, 67) IEph 15:2. ἐν ἡς. in silence (Philo, Somn. 2, 263) 1 Ti 2:11f; IEph 19:1. παρέχειν ἡσυχίαν quiet down, give a hearing (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 235; cp. Just., D. 115, 5 ἡσυχίαν ἠγάγετε) Ac 22:2 (is it prob. that here such concepts as ‘reverence’, ‘devotion’, ‘respect’ may have some influence? Cp. Dio Chrys. 68 [18], 10: Herodotus should be read μετὰ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας ‘with much respect’). ἡσυχίας γενομένης 21:40 D (cp. Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 26; Philo, Vi. Cont. 75).—Schmidt, Syn. IV 248–64. DELG s.v. ἥσυχος. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
11 κεραυνός
κεραυνός, ὁ,A thunderbolt,νῆα θοὴν ἔβαλε ψολόεντι κ. Od.23.330
; βρόντησε καὶ ἔμβαλε νηῒκ. 14.305;Διὸς πληγεῖσα κεραυνῷ 12.416
; esp. as weapon of Zeus, Hes. Th. 854, etc.; forged by the Cyclopes, ib. 141;τὸν κ. τοῦ Διός Ar.Av. 1538
;καταιβάτης A.Pr. 361
; πυρωπός ib. 668;ὁ πυρφόρος κ. Id.Th. 445
;κεραυνοῦ κρείσσονα φλόγα Id.Pr. 922
;κ. ἀργής Ar.Av. 1747
(anap.); πτερόεις ib. 576;κεραυνοῦ βέλος A.Th. 453
(lyr.), S.Tr. 1088;ὁ κ. λάμπων πυρί Ar.Nu. 395
;κ., πτεροφόρον Διὸς βέλος Id.Av. 1714
; κ. πίπτει, κατασκήπτει εἰς .., X.HG4.7.7, Plu.Lyc.31: pl., κεραυνοί thunderbolts, Hes.Th. 690, Hdt.8.37, Epicur.Ep.2p.46U.; ποῦ ποτε κεραυνοὶ Διός; S.El. 823 (lyr.), cf. Ar.Pl. 125;τὰ τῶν κ. πτώματα Pl.Ti. 80c
; defined as ἔξαψις σφοδρὰ μετὰ πολλῆς βίας πίπτουσα ἐπὶ γῆς, i.e. thunder and lightning, Zeno Stoic.1.34.II metaph., κεραυνὸν ἐν γλώττῃ φέρειν, of Pericles, Com.Adesp.10; τύπτειν κεραυνός a thunderbolt for striking, Antiph.195.4; Κεραυνός, as a name of great soldiers, Plu.Arist.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κεραυνός
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12 παραδρομή
παραδρομ-ή, ἡ,A running beside: hence concretely, π. κολάκων attendant swarm of flatterers, Posidon. 7 J.; μετὰ πολλῆς π. with a large train, LXX 2 Ma.3.28.II running by, traversing, Plu.Alex.17; ἐν παραδρομῇ ποιεῖσθαι τὸν λόγον cursorily, Arist.Pol. 1336b24;ἐκ παραδρομῆς Plb.21.34.2
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραδρομή
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13 πραγματεία
A prosecution of business, diligent study, Isoc.1.44,5.7, Pl.Cra. 408a, al.; ;πλείονος εἶναι πρηγματίης Hp.VM7
; ἡ μάταιος π. [λογισμῶν] this idle attention to argumentations, X.Mem.4.7.8; μετὰ πολλῆς π. with a great deal of trouble, PCair.Zen.19.4 (iii B. C.).II occupation, business, ἡ π. αὐτῆς (sc. τῆς ῥητορικῆς)ἅπασα.. εἰς τοῦτο τελευτᾷ Pl.Grg. 453a
; ἡ τοῦ διαλέγεσθαι π. the business of dialectic, Id.Tht. 161e; τοῦ πολιτικοῦ.. πᾶσα ἡ π. περὶ πόλιν [ἐστί] Arist Pol.1274b37, cf. EN1105a11; ἡ δημηγορικὴ π. the business of oratory, Id.Rh.1354b24;ἀπὸ τῆς ἀναισχύντου π. ἀποστῆναι Aeschin.3.242
; πραγματεῖαι official duties, opp. ἀρχαί, ib.13, cf.PTeb.5.143, al. (ii B. C.); esp. law-business, lawsuit, Isoc.2.18, al.;ἡ περὶ τὰ δικαστήρια π. Id.15.31
: pl., affairs in general, ; (nisi leg. πραγμάτων); troubles, D.61.37, Epicur.Ep.1p.28U.; πρὸς ἔθνη τὴν π. ἔχειν to have dealings with.., Str.9.2.2.b pl., works, of the buildings of Solomon, LXX 3 Ki.9.1.III treatment of a subject,εἰδέων Archyt.4
; ἡ τοῦ ἐπιπέδου π., as a definition of plane geometry, Pl.R. 528d; ἡ Πλάτωνος π. Plato's system, Arist.Metaph. 987a30, cf. 986a8, Epicur.Ep.1p.3U., Phld.D.1.17; manner of dealing with,ἡ περὶ τοὺς μάρτυρας π. Arist.Rh. 1376b4
.2 philosophical argument or treatise, Id.Top. 100a18, 101a26;τοῦ εἰδέναι χάριν ἡ π. Id.Ph. 194b18
;ἡ παροῦσα π. οὐ θεωρίας ἕνεκα Id.EN 1103b26
; the subject of such a treatise,τρεῖς αἱ π. Id.Ph. 198a30
, cf. SE 183b4;ἡ περὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐκδοθεῖσα π. Str.1.2.2
, etc.3 systematic or scientific historical treatise, Plb.1.1.4, 1.3.1, D.S.1.1, D.H.1.74, Luc. Hist.Conscr.13; Τρωϊκὴ π. the legends of the Trojan war, Arg.S.Aj.;π. συνέταξεν ἐν δράματι τῶν Δαρδάνου πράξεων τὰς μνημοσύνας BMus.Inscr.3.444.18
([place name] Iasus).4 magical operation, spell,ἡ Σολομῶνος π. PMag.Par.1.853
, cf.776.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πραγματεία
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14 σπουδάζω
A- άσομαι Pl. Euthphr.3e
, D.21.213, later- άσω Plb.3.5.8
, D.S.1.58, etc.: [tense] aor. , Pl.Phd. 114e: [tense] pf. , Pl.Phdr. 236b, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. v. supr.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.σπουδασθήσομαι Ael. NA4.13
: [tense] aor.ἐσπουδάσθην Str.17.3.15
, Plu.Per.24: [tense] pf.ἐσπούδασμαι Pl.Ly. 219e
(v. infr.):I intr.,I to be busy, eager to do a thing, c. inf., S.OC 1143, E.Hec. 817, Pl.Euthd. 293a, etc.; σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν.. ταχέως make haste.., 2 Ep.Ti.4.9; ὅτ' ἐσπούδαζες ἄρχειν wast eager to rule, E.IA 337 (troch.): c. part.,ἐσπ. διδάσκων X.Oec.9.1
: freq. σ. περί τινος or τι, Id.Mem.1.3.8, Pl.R. 330c, etc.;ὑπέρ τινος D.59.77
;εἰς τὰ σά Id.21.195
;πρός τι Id.22.76
;ἐπί τισι X.Mem.1.3.11
, cf. D.21.2: c. dat.,σ. γάμῳ Aristaenet.2.3
; σ. ὅπως.. endeavour that.., D.43.12, SIG312.10 (Samos, iv B.C.): abs., ἐσπουδακυῖα in haste, hurriedly, Ar.Th. 572; ἐσπουδακώς eagerly, Men.562.b c. acc. et inf.,σπουδάσαντες τοῦτ' αὐτοῖς παραγενέσθαι Pl.Alc.2.141d
, cf. 2 Ep.Pet.1.15, BGU1080.14 (iii A.D.), etc.2 of persons, σ. πρός τινα pay him serious attention, Pl.Grg. 510c, etc.;εἴς τινα AP9.422
(Apollonid.); σ. περί τινα to be anxious for his success, Isoc.1.10, X.Cyr.5.4.13, etc. (distd. fr. πρός τινα by Luc.Sol.10);περί τινος X.Lac.4.1
;ὑπὲρ τῶν οἰκετῶν Aeschin.1.17
;ὑπέρ τινος D.21.213
, etc.; σ. τινί be a partisan or backer of, Plu.Art.21, Arr.Epict.1.11.27, PGiss.71.6 (ii A.D.);ἀπό τινος Philostr.VS2.27.6
.3 to be serious or earnest, Ar.Ra. 813; opp. σκώπτειν καὶ κωμῳδεῖν, Id.Pl. 557; freq. in Pl., σπουδάζει ταῦτα ἢ παίζει; Grg. 481b, etc.; ἐσπούδακας, ὅτι ἐπελαβόμην ἐρεσχηλῶν σε; did you take it seriously, that I..? Phdr. 236b; ; ἐσπουδάκατον they have worked hard, Ar.V. 694; μάλα ἐσπουδακότι τῷ προσώπῳ with a very grave face, X.Smp.2.17.II trans.,1 c. acc. rei, do anything hastily or earnestly, be earnest about, ;τὰς περὶ τὸ μανθάνειν ἡδονάς Pl.Phd. 114e
, etc.; opp. παρέργοις χρῆσθαι, Id.Euthd. 273d, cf. Ti. 21c;τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἡδέα X.Smp.8.17
;σ. τοῦτο, ὅπως.. Id.Eq.11.10
:—[voice] Pass., σπουδάζεταί τι is zealously pursued, πᾶν ὅ τι ς. E.Supp. 761;σ. ἀγών X.Lac.10.3
; χρήματα μετὰ πολλῆς δαπάνης ς. Pl.R. 485e; ἡ κωμῳδία διὰ τὸ μὴ σπουδάζεσθαι.. ἔλαθεν because it was not taken up seriously, Arist.Po. 1449b1; οὐ πάνυ σπουδάζεται ὑπ' αὐτῶν is not much valued, Luc.Cont.11: esp. freq. in [tense] pf. part.,πᾶσα ἡ τοιαύτη σπουδὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐστὶν ἐσπουδασμένη Pl.Ly. 219e
; προοίμια θαυμαστῶς ἐσπουδασμένα elaborately worked up, Id.Lg. 722e, cf. 659e; so τὰ μάλιστα ἐσπ. σῖτα καὶ ποτά the choicest, X.Cyr.4.2.38; τὰ ἐσπ., of writing tablets, the best quality, Thphr.HP 3.9.7 (also κλίνας καὶ δίφρους καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ σπουδαζόμενα ib.5.3.2); εἰ ταῦτ' ἐσπουδασμένα ἐν γράμμασιν ἐτέθη if those pains were seriously bestowed on letters, Pl.Ep. 344c;αἱ ἐσπουδασμέναι παιδιαί Arist.Rh. 1371a3
, cf. Pol. 1336a34.2 [voice] Pass., of persons, to be treated with respect, opp. καταφρονεῖσθαι, Id.Rh. 1380a26; to be courted, Str.17.3.15, Plu.Them.5, D.L.5.75; of women, Plu.Cim.4, Art.26.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σπουδάζω
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15 ἀπέχθεια
ἀπέχθεια, ἡ,A hatred,1 felt towards another,πρός τινα D.18.36
, Arist.Pol. 1305a23; διὰ τὴν ἀ. τοῦ πάθους for it, ib. 1274a40.2 felt by others towards one, enmity, odium,ὁ πράξας τὴν ἀ. αὐτῶν δίκαιος φέρεσθαι Antipho 3.4.2
, cf. Pl.Ap. 28a, D.3.13, etc.: in pl., enmities, Pl.Ap. 23a, interpol. in D.9.64; θεοῖς δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν to be hated by them, A.Pr. 121 (lyr.); δι' ἀ. γίγνεταί τι it becomes hateful, X.Hier.9.2; οὔτ' ἐκείνου πρὸς χάριν οὔτ' ἐμοῦ πρὸς ἀπέχθειανD5.7; ἀπέχθειαν φέρει τι it brings odium, Id.Prooem.44;πολλὴν ἔχει ἀ. Arist.Pol. 1322a2
; δείσας τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἀ. enmity with you, Isoc.8.38;μετὰ πολλῆς ἀ. Plb.1.66.9
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπέχθεια
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16 ζημία
ζημία, ας, ἡ (Epicharm. 148 [Doric ζαμία]; Soph., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb. In Hdt., Thu. et al. usu. ‘punishment’) in our lit. only having to do with suffering the loss of someth., with implication of sustaining hardship or suffering, damage, disadvantage, loss, forfeit (Philo, Somn. 1, 124 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 211) Hs 6, 3, 4. μετὰ πολλῆς ζ. τινός with heavy loss of someth. Ac 27:10; κερδῆσαι τὴν ζ. avoid, save oneself damage vs. 21. ἡγοῦμαί τι ζημίαν I consider someth. (a) loss (X., Mem. 2, 4, 3; cp. 2, 3, 2; Epict. 2, 10, 15; 3, 26, 25 [opp. κέρδος, as Lysias 7, 12; Pla., Leg. 835b al.]) Phil 3:8; cp. vs. 7.—B. 809. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
17 πολύς
πολύς, [dialect] Att. πολλή, πολύ; gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, ou=; dat. πολλῷ, ῇ, ῷ; acc. πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—[dialect] Ion. [full] πολλός Anacr.43.3,Aπολλή, πολλόν Xenoph.9
, Democr.219, Hp.VM1, Herod.3.19; also in Trag., S.Ant.86, Tr. 1196; acc. πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Hdt. uses the [dialect] Ion. forms, but codd. haveπολύν 2.121
.δ, 3.57, v.l. in 6.125,πολύ 2.106
,3.38,6.72,7.46, 160 ( πολύ also in Heraclit.114, Democr. 244):—both sets of forms are found in [dialect] Ep., also gen. sg.πολέος Il.4.244
, etc.: nom. pl.πολέες 2.417
, al., once [var] contr.πολεῖς 11.708
; gen. πολέων (trisyll.) 5.691, (disyll.) 16.655; dat.πολέσι 10.262
,al.;πολέσσι 13.452
, al.;πολέεσσι 9.73
, Od.5.54, Hes.Op. 119, etc.; acc. πολέας (trisyll.) Il.3.126, etc., (disyll.) 1.559,2.4, Hes.Op. 580 (freq. with v.l. πολεῖς Il.15.66, etc.); in later [dialect] Ep. πολέες is used as fem., Call.Del.28, alsoπολέας Id.Dian.42
, A.R.3.21; neut.πολέα Q.S.1.74
(v. infr.):—[dialect] Ep. also have [full] πουλύς (once in Hes., Th. 190, also Thgn. 509, sts. fem. in Hom.,πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρήν Il.10.27
,ἠέρα πουλύν 5.776
), neut.πουλύ Od.19.387
; these forms are found in codd. of Hp. and Aret. (who uses πολύ, πουλύ and πολλόν in neut.), but not in Hdt.:— Lyr. and Trag. (lyr.) sts. use [dialect] Ep. forms, dat. sg. ; nom. pl.πολέες B.10.17
; neut. ; (fem., B.5.100); dat. pl. . [ῠalways.]I of Number, many, Il.2.417, etc.; ἐκ πολλῶν, opp. ἐξὀλίγων, Hes.Th. 447; τριηκόντων ἐτέων πόλλ' ἀπολείπων wanting many of thirty years, Id.Op. 696;παρῆσάν τινες, καὶ πολλοί γε Pl.Phd. 58d
;οὐ πολλοί τινες A.Pers. 510
: with Nouns of multitude,πουλὺς ὅμιλος Od.8.109
;πλῆθος πολλόν Hdt.1.141
;ἔθνος πολλόν Id.4.22
; later πουλὺ.. ἐπ' ἔτος many a year, AP6.235 (Thall.);π. ἦν ὁ καταπλέων Plb.15.26.10
; of anything often repeated,περὶ σέο λόγος ἀπῖκται π. Hdt.1.30
;πολλὸν ἦν τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος Id.2.2
, cf. 3.137, etc.;πολὺ.. τὸ σὸν ὄνομα διήκει πάντας S.OC 305
; often,D.
21.29; τοῦτο ἐπιεικῶς πολὺ νῦν ἐστι is fairly frequent, Luc.Hist.Conscr.15.2 of Size, Degree, Intensity, much, mighty, ὄμβρος, νιφετός, Il.10.6;π. ὕπνος Od.15.394
;πῦρ.. π. 10.359
; π. ὑμέναιος a loud song, Il.18.493; π. ὀρυμαγδός, ῥοῖζος, etc., 2.810, Od.9.315, etc.; π. ἀνάγκη strong necessity, E.Ph. 1674; π. γέλως, βοή, much or great, S.Aj. 303, 1149; μωρία ib. 745; ὄλβος, αἰδώς, A.Pers. 251, Ag. 948;ἀσφάλεια Th.2.11
; ἀλογία, εὐήθεια, Pl.Phd. 67e, Phdr. 275c, etc.b rarely of a single person, great, mighty,μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο Hdt.7.14
, cf. E.Hipp.1; ὁ π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός, Chor.p.23 B., Id.in Rev.Phil.1.68;ὁ πάντα π. Id.p.27
B.; ὁ πολύς alone, of Hippocrates, Gal.19.530; of Trajan, Lyd.Mag.2.28;ῥώμην σώματος πολύς D.H.2.42
.c joined with a Verb, Κύπρις γὰρ οὐ φορητός, ἢν πολλὴ ῥυῇ if she flow with full stream, metaph. from a river, E.Hipp. 443;θρασυνομένῳ καὶ πολλῷ ῥέοντι D. 18.136
; from the wind, ὡς π. ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρός was blowing strong and fresh, Id.25.57, cf. Ar.Eq. 760, AP11.49 (Even.): generally, with might or force,ὅταν ὁ θεὸς.. ἔλθῃ πολύς E.Ba. 300
;ἢν π. παρῇ Id.Or. 1200
;π. καὶ τολμηρὸς ἅνθρωπος D.40.53
: with part. and εἰμί, πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενος was all entreaties, Hdt.9.91; ;Ἐτεοκλέης ἂν εἷς π... ὑμνοῖθ' A.Th.6
;π. ἐνέκειτο λέγων Hdt.7.158
;π. τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ἔγκειται D.18.199
; alsoπ. ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λόγοισι Hdt.8.59
;πρὸς ταῖς παρασκευαῖς Plb.5.49.7
;ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ D.S.14.107
: without a Prep.,π. ἦν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἐπαχθής Aeschin.2.41
; π. μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται will be often mentioned, Id.1.166.3 of Value or Worth,πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται Il.23.562
, cf. Od.8.405;πολλοῦ ἄξιος X.An.4.1.28
, etc.;πολλῶν ἄξιος Ar. Pax 918
; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat. magni facere, cf.περί A.
IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a high price, D.8.53;ἐπὶ π. ἐρραθυμηκότες Id.1.15
; πολύ ἐστί τι it is worth much, of great conscquence, X.Oec.18.7.4 of Space, large, wide, π. χώρη, πεδίον, Il.23.520,4.244, etc.; πόντος, πέλαγος, Hes.Op. 635, S.Ph. 635;χῶρος πλατὺς καὶ π. Hdt.4.39
; λίμνη μεγάλη τε καὶ π. ib. 109;π. ἡ Σικελία Th. 7.13
;π. ἡ Ἑλλάς Pl.Phd. 78a
, etc.; πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay outstretched wide, Il.7.156, cf. 11.307; π. κέλευθος a far way, A.Pers. 748 (troch.): withoutὁδός, πολλὴ μὲν εἰς Ἡράκλειαν.., πολλὴ δὲ εἰς Χρυσόπολιν.. X.An.6.3.16
: διὰ πολλοῦ, ἐκ πολλοῦ, v. infr. IV.5 of Time, long, (anap.), etc.;πολὺν χρόνον Il.2.343
, etc.;οὐ π. χρ. S.Ph. 348
, etc.; soπολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.Pl.98
;χρόνῳ πολλῷ S.Tr. 228
; διὰ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) Luc.Nec.15;ἐκ πολλοῦ Th.1.58
, D. 21.41; πρὸ πολλοῦ long before, D.S.14.43;οὐ μετὰ πολύ Luc.Tox.54
; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός while still quite night, Th.8.101; πολλῆς ὥρας late in the day, Plb.5.8.3;ἤδη ὥρα πολλή Ev.Marc.6.35
;ἔτι ἔστιν ἡμέρα πολλή LXX Ge.29.7
.II Special usages:1 c. partit.gen., e.g. πολλοὶ Τρώων, for πολλοὶ Τρῶες, Il.18.271, etc.; neut., πολλὸν σαρκός, for πολλὴ σάρξ, Od.19.450: in Prose, the Adj. generally takes the gender of the gen.,τὸν πολλὸν τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.1.24
; τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7;τῆς ἀθάρης πολλήν Ar.Pl. 694
;πολλὴν τῆς χώρας X.Cyr. 3.2.2
;ὁ π. τοῦ λόγου D.44.6
; v. infr. 3.2 joined with another Adj.,πολλὰ δυστερπῆ κακά A.Ch. 277
, cf. 585 (lyr.), etc.: more freq. joined to another Adj. by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί many men and good, Il.6.452, etc.;πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι 21.586
;πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά Od.2.312
; παλαιά τε πολλά τε ib. 188;ἄκοσμά τε π. τε Il.2.213
;πολλαί γε.. καὶ ἄλλαι Hes.Th. 363
;π. τε καὶ κακά Hdt.4.167
, etc.;π. κἀγαθά Ar.Th. 351
(butπ. ἀγαθά IG12.76.45
);π. καὶ ἀνόσια Pl.R. 416e
;π. καὶ μακάρια Id.Plt. 269d
;π. καὶ πονηρά X.Mem.2.9.6
;πολλά τε καὶ δεινά Id.An.5.5.8
;μεγάλα καὶ π. D.36.22
; π. καὶ καλοὺς (s.v.l.) κινδύνους, π. καὶ καλὰ παραδείγματα, Din.1.109.3 with the Art. (in Hom. without the Art., Il.2.483, 5.334, 22.28), of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλάς, τὰς πάνυ π. ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' those many lives, A.Ag. 1456 (lyr.), cf. S.OT 845, Th.3.87, Pl.Phd. 88a, Ti. 54a, Act.Ap.26.24: with abstract Nouns,τᾶς πολλᾶς ὑγιείας A. Ag. 1001
(lyr., dub.); numbers,Hdt.
1.136.b οἱ π. the many, i.e. the greater number,Ἀθηναῖοι.. ἀπῆλθον οἱ πολλοί Th. 1.126
, cf. 3.32, etc. (so in sg., ὁ πολλὸς λόγος the prevailing report, Hdt.1.75);τοῖς π. κριταῖς S.Aj. 1243
: with gen., τοῖς π. βροτῶν ib. 682;οἱ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων X.Cyr.8.2.24
; far the most,Hp.
Aër.20 (v.l. μάλιστα for ἅπαντες); for τὰ πολλὰ πάντα, v. infr. 111.1a: hence οἱ πολλοί the people, the commonalty, opp. οἱ μείζω κεκτημένοι, Th.1.6; opp. οἱ κομψότεροι, Pl.R. 505b; οἱ π., = Lat. plebs, D.S.20.36; τῶν πολλῶν εἷς one of the multitude, D.21.96; alsoὁ π. λεώς Luc.JTr.53
, cf. Rh.Pr.17;ὁ π. ὅμιλος Id.Luct.2
. Hdn.1.1.1, etc.;ὁ π. δῆμος Luc.Apol.15
;ὁ π. ὄχλος Ph. 2.4
; ὁ π. alone, = vulgus, v.l. in D.S.2.29; the ordinary man, Epicur.Fr. 478, Phld.Rh.2.154S.;νίμμα ὁ π. λέγει, ἡμεῖς ἀπόνιπτρον λέγομεν Phryn.170
, cf.369; ὁ ἐμπαθὴς καὶ π. ἄνθρωπος 'l'homme moyen sensuel', Herm.in Phdr.p.146A.; ὁ π. ἄνθρωπος (with pl. Verb) the average man, opp. τὸ ἐξαίρετον, Eun.Hist.p.216 D.c τὸ πολύ, c. gen.,τῆς στρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν Hdt.8.100
;τὸ π. τοῦ χρόνου Hp.
Aër. 20;τῶν λογάδων τὸ π. Th.5.73
;τῶν ὅπλων τὸ π. Pl.Plt. 288b
; alsoὁ στρατὸς ὁ πολλός Hdt.1.102
;ἡ δύναμις ἡ π. Th.1.24
; ὁ π. βίοτος the best part of life, S.El. 185 (lyr.).d the most,Od.
22.273, and perh. 2.58, 17.537 (elsewh. in Hom. πολλά, as Subst., means much riches, great possessions, Il.11.684, Od.19.195);τὰ π. τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.13
; πρὸς τὸ τῶν π. μέγεθος in regard to the size of the average, Arist.Rh. 1363b11.4 pl. πολλά very much, too much, πολλὰ πράσσειν, = πολυπραγμονεῖν, E.Supp. 576, Ar.Ra. 228;π. ἔπαθεν Pi.O.13.63
, etc.; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one much harm, A. Th. 923 (lyr.).5 πολλάς with Verbs of beating ( πληγάς being omitted), v. πληγή 1.6 πολύς repeated, , cf. A.Supp. 451; , etc.; πολλοῦ πολύς, v. infr. 111.1b: with Advbs. πολλάκις, πολλαχῇ, etc. (qq. v., cf. 111.1 e).III Adverbial usages:a neut. πολύ ([dialect] Ion. πολλόν) , πολλά, much,πόλλ' ἀεκαζομένη Il.6.458
, etc.; strengthd.,μάλα πολλά 8.22
, al.;πάνυ πολύ Pl.Alc.1.119c
; ; esp. of repetition, often, Il.2.798, Od.13.29, Hes.Op. 322; so of earnest commands and entreaties, πολλὰ κελεύων, πόλλ' ἐπέτελλον, πολλὰ λισσομένη, πολλὰ μάλ' εὐχομένω, Il.5.528, 11.782, 5.358, 9.183: with the Art., for the most part,Pl.
Prt. 315a, etc. (but with numerals, at most, Vett. Val.9.5);ὡς τὸ π. X.Mem.1.1.10
, etc.;τὰ πολλά Th.1.13
, 2.11,87, etc.;ὡς τὰ π. Id.5.65
, etc.;τὰ π. πάντα Hdt.1.203
, 2.35, 5.67.b of Degree, far, very much,ἀπέφυγε πολλὸν τοὺς διώκοντας Id.6.82
: also abs. gen. πολλοῦ very,θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦ Ar.Nu. 915
, cf. Eup.74;πολλοῦ δύνασθαι Alciphr.1.9
(s.v.l.); πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλὴ πολλοῦ, much too much, Ar.Eq. 822,Ra. 1046.c of Space, a great way, far,οὐ πολλόν Hdt.1.104
;πολὺ οὐκ ἐξῄεσαν Th.1.15
, etc.d of Time, long,ὡς πολλὸν τοῦτο ἐγίνετο Hdt.4.126
, cf. 6.129.e of Probability, ἐὰν πολλὰ πολλῶν τέκῃς, perh. = ἐὰν πολλάκις τέκῃς,POxy. 744.9 (i B.C./i A.D.);ἐάν τι πολλὰ πολλάκις πάθω Ar.Ec. 1105
.2 πολύ is freq. joined with Adjs. and Advbs.,a with a [comp] Comp. to increase its comp. force, πολὺ μεῖζον, πολλὸν παυρότεροι, Il.1.167, Od.14.17; πολὺ μᾶλλον much more, Il.9.700; πολύ τι μᾶλλον f.l. in D.H. Comp.4 (p.22 U.-R.): with words, esp. Preps., between πολύ and its Adj., π. ἐν πλέονι, π. ἐπὶ δεινοτέρῳ, Th.1.35, Pl.R. 589e;πολὺ ἔτι ἐκ λαμπροτέρων Id.Phd. 110c
;π. σὺν φρονήματι μείζονι X.An.3.1.22
, cf.3.2.30, Smp.1.4 (but the Prep. freq. comes first,ἐκ π. ἐλάττονος And.1.109
, etc.); so πολλῷ is freq. used with the [comp] Comp., by far, A.Pr. 337, Hdt. 1.134, etc.;π. μᾶλλον S.OT 1159
, Pl.Phd. 80e; οὐ πολλῷ τεῳ ἀσθενέστερον not a great deal weaker, Hdt.1.181, cf. 2.48,67, etc.: πολύ with all words implying comparison, πολὺ πρίν much sooner, Il.9.250;π. πρό 4.373
: with the comp. Verbφθάνω, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη 13.815
; so πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων, πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων, 6.125, 11.217;προὔλαβε πολλῷ Th.7.80
: with βούλομαι, = prefer,ἡμῖν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκην Il.17.331
, cf. Od.17.404; πολύ γε in answers, after a [comp] Comp. or [comp] Sup., ἀργὸς.. γενήσεται μᾶλλον; Answ. , cf. 387e, etc.b with a [comp] Sup., πολὺ πρώτιστος, πολλὸν ἄριστος, far the first, etc., Il.2.702, 1.91, etc.;προθυμία π. τολμηροτάτη Th.1.74
, etc.;πολλόν τι μάλιστα Hdt.1.56
;π. δή, π. δὴ γυναῖκ' ἀρίσταν E.Alc. 442
(lyr.), cf. Ar.Av. 539, Archestr.Fr.34.9; alsoπολλῷ πλεῖστοι Hdt.5.92
.έ, 8.42;π. μεγίστους Id.4.82
.c with a Positive, to add force to the Adj.,ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφή A.Ag. 1295
; alsoἐς πόλλ' ἀθλία πέφυκ' ἐγώ E.Ph. 619
(troch.);πολὺ ἀφόρητος Luc.DMeretr. 9.3
; cf. πλεῖστος.IV with Preps.,1 διὰ πολλοῦ at a great interval of Space or Time, v. διά A.1.5, 11.2.4 ἐπὶ πολύ,a over a great space, far,οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν Hdt.2.32
; ἐπὶ π. τῆς θαλάσσης, τῆς χώρας, Th.1.50,4.3, etc.; to a great extent, Id.1.6,18,3.83; cf.ποιέω B.11.2
.b for a long time, long, Id.5.16;τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπὶ π. Id.7.38
, cf. 39.cὡς ἐπὶ π.
very generally,Id.
1.12 (v.l.), Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.195;ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.
for the most part,Th.
2.13, Pl.Plt. 294e, etc.;μὴ καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Isoc.4.154
;τό γ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Id.8.35
.6 περὶ πολλοῦ, v. supr. 1.3.7 πρὸ πολλοῦ far before,τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35
; also of Time, οὐ πρὸ π. not long before, Id.5.62.8 σὺν πολλῷ in no small degree, only too much or too well, Hld.2.8,9.20, 10.9 (cf. CR41.53). -
18 ὥρα
ὥρα or [full] ὤρα (B), only in [dialect] Ion. form [full] ὥρη, or [full] ὤρη, some part of a sacrificial victim,Aλάψεται γλῶσσαν, ὀσφῦν δασέαν, ὤρην SIG1037.2
(Milet., iv/iii B.C.); τοὺς Ἴωνας λέγειν φασὶ τὴν κωλῆν ὥρην καὶ ὡραίαν Sch.HQ Od.12.89: but distd. fr. κωλῆ, λάψεται.. κωλῆν ἀντὶ τῆς ὤρης SIGl.c.5; cf. ἄωρος(B). (Perh. cogn. with Lat. sūra.)------------------------------------ὥρα (C), [dialect] Ion. [full] ὥρη, ἡ: [dialect] Ep. gen. pl. ὡράων, [dialect] Ion. ὡρέων: loc. pl. ὥρασι, q. v.A any period, fixed by natural laws and revolutions, whether of the year, month, or day (the sense 'day' is implied in the compd. ἑπτάωρος, q. v.),νυκτός τε ὥραν καὶ μηνὸς καὶ ἐνιαυτοῦ X.Mem. 4.7.4
, cf. E.Alc. 449(lyr.), Pl.R. 527d;τοῦ γνώμονος ἡ σκιὰ ἐπιοῦσα ἐπὶ τὰς γραμμὰς σημαίνει τὰς ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἡμέρας IG12(8).240
([place name] Samothrace): but specially,I in Hom., part of the year, season; mostly in pl., the seasons, , 19.152;ἀλλ' ὅτε δὴ μῆνές τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐξετελεῦντο, ἂψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος, καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι 11.295
, 14.294;ἀλλ' ὅτε δή ῥ' ἐνιαυτὸς ἔην, περὶ δ' ἔτραπον ὧραι 10.469
, cf. Hes. Th. 58;Διὸς ὧραι Od.24.344
, cf. Pi.O.4.2; , cf. 1.32;δυώδεκα μέρεα δασαμένους τῶν ὡρέων ἐς [τὸν ἐνιαυτόν] Id.2.4
; οὐ μεταλλάσσουσι αἱ ὧραι ib.77;περιτελλομέναις ὥραις S.OT 156
(lyr.); πάσαις ὥραις at all seasons, Id.Fr.592.6 (lyr.), Ar.Av. 696 (anap.);ὧραι ἐτῶν καὶ ἐνιαυτῶν Pl.Lg. 906c
, cf. Smp. 188a, etc.;τῆς.. ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ταύτης οὔσης, ἐν ᾗ ἀσθενοῦσιν ἄνθρωποι μάλιστα Th.7.47
; χαλεπὴ ὥ. a bad season, Pl.Prt. 344d;ἀ δ' ὤρα χαλέπα Alc.39
; ἡ ὥ. αὕτη this season, X.Cyn.7.1, cf. 5.6; κατὰ τὰς ὥρας according to the seasons, Arist.GA 786a31;οἱ περὶ τὴν ὥραν χρόνοι Id.Pol. 1335a37
.—Hom. and Hes. distinguish three seasons, and express each by the sg. ὥρη, with a word added to specify each:a spring,ἔαρος.. ὥρη Il.6.148
;ὥρη εἰαρινή 2.471
, 16.643, Od.18.367, etc.; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦρος ὥρα or ὧραι, Ar.Nu. 1008 (anap.), E.Cyc. 508 (lyr.); ; (lyr.); v. infr. 2.c winter,χείματος ὥρη Hes.Op. 450
;ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ Od.5.485
, Hes.Op. 494; χειμῶνος ὥρᾳ in winter, And.1.137;χιονοβόλος Plu.2.182e
.—A. also names three seasons, Pr. 454sq.; an Egyptian division of the year, acc. to D.S.1.26.—A fourth first appears in Alcm.76, θέρος καὶ χεῖμα κὠπώραν τρίταν καὶ τέτρατον τὸ ϝῆρ; and in Hp.Vict.3.68,χειμών, ἦρ, θέρος, φθινόπωρον; ὥρας φαίνομεν ἡμεῖς ἦρος χειμῶνος ὀπώρας Ar.Av. 709
(anap.); τετράμορφοι ὧραι E(?).Fr. 943 (hex.): later, seven seasons are named,ἔαρ, θέρος, ὀπώρα, φθινόπωρον, σπορητός, χειμών, φυταλιά Gal.17(1).17
.2 esp. prime of the year, springtime,ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ Od.9.51
, cf. Il.2.468;παρὰ τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν ὥραν Th.4.6
.b in historians, the campaigning season,τὸν τῆς ὥρας εἰς τὸν περίπλουν χρόνον X.HG6.2.13
; esp. in the phrase ὥρα ἔτους, Th.2.52, 6.70, Pl.Phdr. 229a, Lg. 952e, D.50.23, Thphr.CP3.23.2; εἰς ἔτους ὥραν next season, Plu.Per.10.3 the year generally,τῆς ὥρης μέσον θέρος Hdt.8.12
; ἐν τῇ πέρυσιν ὥρᾳ last year, D.56.3; εἰς ὥρας next year, Philem.116, Pl.Ep. 346c, LXX Ge.18.10, AP11.17 (Nicarch.), cf. Plu.Ages.22; also hereafter,E.
IA 122 (lyr.);ἐς τὰς ὥρας τὰς ἑτέρας Ar.Nu. 562
(lyr.);ἐκ τῶν ὡρῶν εἰς τὰς ὥρας Id.Th. 950
(anap.); κἠς ὥρας κἤπειτα next year and for ever, Theoc.15.74; alsoὥραις ἐξ ὡρᾶν Isyll.25
; cf. ὥρασιν.4 in pl., of the climate of a country, as determined by its seasons, Hdt.1.142, cf. 149, 4.199 (here perh. three harvest seasons);τὰς ὥ. κάλλιστα κεκρημένας Id.3.106
; cf. Pl.Criti. 111e, Phd. 111b; climatic conditions, Hdt.2.26.II time of day,νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ h.Merc.67
, 155, 400; αἱ ὧ. τῆς ἡμέρας the times of day, i.e. morning, noon, evening, and night, X.Mem.4.3.4; δι' ὥραν ἡμέρας by the time of day (fixed for meetings), D.Prooem.49, etc.;πᾶσαν ὥ. τῆς ἡμέρας Arist.Mete. 371b31
;μεσονυκτίοις ποθ' ὥραις Anacreont.31.1
: without ἡμέρας orνυκτός, ἑκάστης ἡμέρας μέχρι τρίτου μέρους ὥρας Pl. Lg. 784a
;τῆς ὥρας μικρὸν πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου X.HG7.2.22
; ψευσθεὶς τῆς ὥ. having mistaken the hour, And.1.38; ἐποίησαν ἔξω μέσων νυκτῶν τὴν ὥραν, i.e. they prolonged the day beyond midnight, D.54.26;τῆς ὥρας ἐγίγνετ' ὀψέ Id.21.84
;ὀψίτερον τῆς ὥ. PTeb. 793 xi 12
(ii B. C.); it being late,Plb.
5.8.3;ἤδη ὥρα πολλή Ev.Marc.6.35
; ἄχρι πολλῆς ὥρας till late in the day, D.H.2.54.b duration, interval or lapse of time,μετὰ ἱκανὴν ὥραν τοῦ κατενεχθῆναι τὸν πέλεκυν ἐξακούεται ἡ τῆς πληγῆς φωνή S.E.M.5.69
; length of time, term, Ἄρτεμις ἐννέ' ἐτῶν δεκάδας βίον Ἀρτεμιδώρῳ ἔκχρησεν, τρεῖς δ' ὥραι(date.)ἔτι προσέθηκε Προνοίη IG12(3).1350.3
(Thera, ii B. C.); ἐπὶ πολλὴν ὥ. for a long time, J.AJ8.4.4.2 the νυχθήμερον was prob. first divided into twenty-four hours by Hipparch., ἐν πόσαις ὥραις ἰσημεριναῖς (equinoctial hours) , cf. Ptol.Alm.3.9, 4.9, al.b in ordinary life the day from sunrise to sunset was divided into twelve equal parts called ὧραι ( ὧραι καιρικαί when it was necessary to distinguish them from the ὧραι ἰσημεριναί, v. καιρικός 2 c),ἡμέρα ἡ.. δωδεκάωρος, τουτέστιν ἡ ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς μέχρι δύσεως S.E.M.10.182
;οὐχὶ δώδεκά εἰσιν ὧραι τῆς ἡμέρας; Ev.Jo.11.9
;ὡράων ἀμφὶ δυωδεκάδι AP9.782
(Paul.Sil.); the time of day was commonly given without the Art.,ὥρᾳ ᾱ PHamb.1.96.3
(ii A. D.),τρίτης ὥρας Plu.Rom.12
; ὀγδόης, ἐνάτης, δεκάτης ὥ., Id.Alex.60, Aem.22, Ant.68, etc.; but we have περὶ τὴν τρίτην ὥραν, περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην, Ev.Matt.20.3,6, beside περὶ ἕκτην καὶ ἐννάτην ὥ. ib.5;χθὲς ὥραν ἑβδόμην Ev.Jo.4.52
, cf. IG5(1).1390.109 (Andania, i B. C.), etc.; ἐρωτᾷ σε Χαιρήμων δειπνῆσαι.. αὔριον, ἥτις ἐστὶν ιε, ἀπὸ ὥρας θ ¯ - to-morrow the 15th at 9 o'clock, POxy.110 (ii A. D.): prov., δωδεκάτης ὥ., as we say 'at the eleventh hour', Plu.Crass.17.cτὰ δυώδεκα μέρεα τῆς ἡμέρης παρὰ Βαβυλωνίων ἔμαθον οἱ Ἕλληνες Hdt. 2.109
; here ἡμέρη means the νυχθήμερον, and the μέρεα were each = 2 ὧραι ἰσημεριναί; these double hours (Assyr. kaš-bu) are called ὧραι by Eudox.,ἥμισυ ζῳδίου.., ὅ ἐστιν ὥρας ἥμισυ Ars14.11
, cf. 16.2; cf.δωδεκάωρος 11
.III Astrol., degree of the zodiac rising at the nativity (cf.ὡρονόμος 11
,ὡροσκόπος 11
), ὥ. μεροποσπόρος, τεκνοσπόρος, Man.4.577, 597; ἐξ ὥρης ἐσορῶν Ζεὺς Ἑρμείην Jupiter in the ascendant in aspect with Mercury, Id.3.186, cf. 32, al.B the fitting time or season for a thing (mostly without Art., even in [dialect] Att.), freq. in Hom. (v. infr.);ὥρα συνάπτει Pi.P.4.247
;ὧραι ἐπειγόμεναι Id.N.4.34
;ὅταν ὥ. ἥκῃ X.Mem.2.1.2
; but with Art.,τῆς ὥ. ἐνθυμεῖσθαι Id.Cyn.8.6
: freq. in later writers,τῆς ὥρας ἐπιγενομένης Plb.2.34.3
, etc.2 c. gen. rei, ὥρη κοίτοιο, μύθων, ὕπνου, the time for bed, tale-telling, or sleep, Od.3.334, 11.379, cf. Hdt.1.10;ὥρη δόρποιο Od.14.407
;περὶ ἀρίστου ὥραν Th.7.81
, X.HG1.1.13;πολυηράτου ἐς γάμου ὥρην Od.15.126
;ἐς γάμου ὥρην ἀπικέσθαι Hdt. 6.61
;γάμων ἔχειν ὥραν D.H.5.32
; so εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἥκουσα time for a husband, Pl.Criti. 113d; ὥρη ἀρότου, ἀμήτου, Hes.Op. 460, 575;μέχρι ἀρότου ὥρης IG7.235.3
(Oropus, iv B. C.);καρπῶν ὧραι Ar.Ra. 1034
(anap.);ἡ ὥρα τῆς ὀχείας Arist.HA 509b20
; τοῦ φωλεύειν ib. 579a26, etc.; also ὥραν εἶχον παιδεύεσθαι I was of age to.. Is.9.28.3 ὥρα [ἐστίν] c. inf., it is time to do a thing,ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥρη εὕδειν Od.11.330
, cf. 373; so also in Trag. and [dialect] Att., E.Ph. 1584, Heracl. 288 (anap.), Ar.Ec.30, Pl.Prt. 361e, 362a; soδοκεῖ οὐχ ὥρα εἶναι καθεύδειν X.An.1.3.11
, cf. HG7.2.13 (dub. l.): c. acc. et inf., , cf. S.OT 466 (lyr.): c. dat. et inf., X.Cyr.4.5.1, Pl.Tht. 145b: in these phrases the inf. [tense] pres. is almost universal; the [tense] aor., however, occurs in Od.21.428, S.Aj. 245 (lyr.), Ar.Ach. 393 (where also ἐστί is added to ὥρα, as in Philyll.3, ἀφαιρεῖν ὥρα 'στὶν ἤδη τὰς τραπέζας); and the [tense] pf. inὥρα πεπαῦσθαι Plu.2.728d
: sts. the inf. must be supplied,οὐδέ τί σε χρή, πρὶν ὥρη, καταλέχθαι Od.15.394
, cf. E.El. 112 (lyr.), Ar.Ec. 877; ὥρα κἠς οἶκον (i. e. ἰέναι εἰς οἶκον) Theoc.15.147.4 in various adverb. usages, at the right time,Hdt.
2.2, 8.19, X.Oec.20.16: but τὴν ὥ. at that hour, Hes.Sc. 401; ταύτην τὴν ὥραν at this season, X.Cyn.9.1;[ἡ ἶρις] πᾶσαν ὥραν γίγνεται τῆς ἡμέρας Arist.Mete. 371b31
;δείελον ὥρην παύομαι ἀμήτοιο A.R. 3.417
; ὥραν οὐδενὸς κοινὴν θεῶν at an hour.., A.Eu. 109, cf. E.Ba. 724, Aeschin.1.9; αὐτῆς ὥρας immediately, PMich. in Class.Phil.22.255(iii A. D.); ἐν ὥρῃ in due season, in good time, Od.17.176, Hdt. 1.31, cf. Pi.O.6.28, Ar.V. 242, etc.; also αἰεὶ εἰς ὥρας in successive seasons, Od.9.135; ἐς τὰς ὥρας for all time, Ar.Ra. 382 (lyr. cf. supr. A. 1.3) (hence in an acclamation [ε] ἰς ὥρας πᾶσι τοῖς τὴν πόλιν φιλοῦσιν hurrah for.., POxy.41.29 (iii/iv A. D.));οἱ ὧδε χέζοντες εἰς ὥ. μὴ ἔλθοιεν Milet.2(3)
No.406, cf.ὥρασι; καθ' ὥραν Theoc.18.12
, Plb.1.45.4, cf. 3.93.6, etc.; opp.παρ' ὥρην AP7.534
(Alex.Aet. or Autom.), cf. Plu.2.784b, etc.:—πρὸ τῆς ὥρας X.Oec.20.16
;πρὸ ὥρας Luc.Luct.13
;πρὸ ὥρας τελευτῆσαι IG42(1).84.26
(Epid., i A. D.);πρὶν ὥρας Pi.P.4.43
(cf.πρίν A. 11.4
).II metaph., the spring-time of life, the bloom of youth, Mimn.3.1;ὥραν ἐχούσας A.Supp. 997
, cf. Th.13, 535;παῖδας πρὸς τέρμασιν ὥρας Ar.Av. 705
(anap.);πάντες οἱ ἐν ὥρᾳ Pl.R. 474d
; οὐκ ἐνὥ., = πρεσβύτερος, Id.Phdr. 240d;ἐὰν ἐπὶ ὥρᾳ ᾖ Id.R. 474e
;ἕως ἂν ἐν ὥρᾳ ὦσι Id.Men. 76b
; παυσαμένου τῆς ὥ. prob. in Id.Phdr. 234a;ἀνθεῖν ἐν ὥ. Id.R. 475a
;τὴν ὥ. διαφυλάξαι ἄβατον τοῖς πονηροῖς Isoc.10.58
; λήγειν ὥρας, opp. ἀνθεῖν, Pl.Alc.1.131e;ἑς ἐπιγινόμενόν τι τέλος, οἷον τοῖς ἀκμαίοις ἡ ὥρα Arist.EN 1174b33
, cf. 1157a8.2 freq. involving an idea of beauty,φεῦ φεῦ τῆς ὥρας τοῦ κάλλους Ar.Av. 1724
(lyr.);ὥρᾳ.. ἡλικίας λαμπρός Th.6.54
;κάλλει καὶ ὥρᾳ διενεγκόντες Aeschin.1.134
, cf. ib.158;καλὸς ὥρᾳ τε κεκραμένος Pi.O.10(11).104
, cf. X.Mem. 2.1.22, Pl.Lg. 837b; quaestum corpore facere,Plu.
Tim..14, cf. X.Mem..1.6.13, Smp.8.21;τὴν ὥ. πεπωληκότες Phld.Rh.1.344
S.:—then,b generally, beauty, grace, elegance of style, D.H.Pomp.2, Plu.2.874b, etc.;γλυκύτης καὶ ὥ. Hermog.Id.2.3
, cf. Men.Rh.p.335 S., Him.Or.1.2; of beauty in general,χάρις καὶ ὥρα Plu.2.128d
.III = τὰ ὡραῖα, the produce of the season, fruits of the year,ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐτρέφοντο X.HG2.1.1
.C personified, αἱὯραι, the Hours, keepers of heaven's cloudgate, Il.5.749, 8.393; and ministers of the gods, ib. 433;Ζεῦ, τεαὶ.. Ὧραι Pi.O.4.2
; esp. of Aphrodite, h.Hom.6.5,12; also Ὧ. Διονυσιάδες, Καρνειάδες, Simon.148, Call.Ap.87; three in number, Eunomia, Dike, Eirene, daughters of Zeus and Themis, Hes.Th. 901;Ωραι πολυάνθεμοι Pi.O.13.17
, cf. Alex.261.6, Theoc.1.150, etc.: freq. joined with the Χάριτες, h.Ap. 194, Hes.Op.75; worshipped at Athens, Paus.9.35.1; at Argos, Id.2.20.5; at Attaleia, BMus.Inscr. 1044 (i B. C.). -
19 συνήθεια
συνήθεια, ἡ,A habitual intercourse, acquaintance, intimacy, αἱ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ς. Isoc.1.1;διατριβαὶ καὶ -θειαι μετά τινων Aeschin.2.23
; ἡ τῶν φίλων ς. ib.152;σ. καὶ φιλία Arist.GA 753a12
; ἡ πολιτικὴ ς. Id.EN 1181a11;τὰς τῶν φαύλων σ. ὀλίγος χρόνος διέλυσε Isoc.1.1
;ὅπως ἂν αἱ σ. διαζευχθῶσιν Arist.Pol. 1319b26
; καὶ αὐτῷ δέ μοί εἰσι ς. PCair.Zen.42.2 (iii B.C.);ὢν ἡμῖν ἐν συνηθείᾳ PMich.Zen.82.3
(iii B.C.).b sexual intercourse, X.Cyr.6.1.31 (v.l.);σ. ἔχειν μετὰ γυναικός Plu.2.310e
;πρὸς γυναῖκα Vett.Val.288.23
.2 of animals, herding together, Arist.HA 575b19; νέμεσθαι κατὰ συνηθείας in herds, ib. 611a7, cf. Ael.NA2.31; so of soldiers, κατὰ συνηθείας in messes, Plb.35.4.14.II habit, custom, h.Merc.485 (pl.), Hp.VM3, Pl.R. 516a, etc.; pl., φαῦλαι ς. bad habits, Epicur.Sent.Vat.46; ; ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι τοῖς τῆς ἑαυτοῦ συνηθείας in his own accustomed haunts, Id.Lg. 865e; ἡ σ. τοῦ ἔργου habituation to it, X.Cyn.12.4;λήθην ἢ συνήθειαν τῶν ἀδικημάτων D. 19.3
, cf. 60.27;πολλῆς.. σ. ἡ ῥητορική Epicur.Fr.46
; τῇ σ. τοῦ εἰδώλου by being used to it, 1 Ep.Cor.8.7; practice, Plb.1.42.7, cf.Pl. Lg. 656d: with Preps.,διὰ συνήθειαν Id.Sph. 248b
; διὰ τὴν ς. Arist. HA 494b21;ἐκ συνηθείας OGI629.12
,79 (Palmyra, ii A.D.); κατὰ ς. Pl.R.l.c.;παρὰ συνήθειαν Id.Lg. 655e
;ἠναγκάσμεθα ὑπὸ συνηθείας Id.Tht. 157b
; σ. ἔχειν τῇ πολιτείᾳ to be used to it, practised in it, Plb.39.5.2;σ. κτᾶσθαι πρὸς τὰ κοινά Plu.2.791a
.2 the customary usage of language,ἐκ σ. ῥημάτων καὶ ὀνομάτων Pl.Tht. 168b
, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.3.33; εἰς συνήθειαν ἐποίησε τοῦ λόγου τούτου τὴν πόλιν καταστῆναι brought the city to habitual use of this phrase, Aeschin. 1.165; ἡ σ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων, αἱ κατὰ τὰς διαλέκτους ς., Phld.Rh.1.59 S., Gal.18(2).237, Phld.Po.5.2; ἐν τῇ τεχνικῇ καὶ μὴ εἰκαίᾳ ς. Diocl. Magn.Stoic.3.214: abs., ordinary language, ἐν τῇ ς. Plu.2.22f, cf.ib.c, 1113a; κατὰ τὴν ς. A.D.Synt.323.22, cf. Demetr.Eloc.69, al., D.H. Amm.2.11, Herod.Med. in Rh.Mus.49.549.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνήθεια
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20 πολύς
πολύς, πολλή, πολύ, gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, οῦ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.) ‘much’.—Comparative πλείων, πλεῖον (18 times in the NT, 4 times in the Apost. Fathers [including Hv 3, 6, 4; Hs 8, 1, 16] and Ath. 12, 3) or πλέον (Lk 3:13 and Ac 15:28 μηδὲν πλέον; otherwise, πλέον in the NT only J 21:15; 14 times in the Apost. Fathers [incl. μηδὲν πλέον Hs 1, 1, 6]; Ar. twice; Just. 6 times; Tat. once; Ath. 7 times), ονος; pl. πλείονες, and acc. πλείονας contracted πλείους, neut. πλείονα and πλείω (the latter Mt 26:53 [πλεῖον, πλείου vv.ll.]; B-D-F §30, 2; Mlt-H. 82; Thackeray p. 81f; Mayser p. 68f) ‘more’ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 27=Stone p. 70 [πλείον]; TestJob 35:2; TestGad 7:2 [πλεῖον]; AscIs 3:8; [πλέον]; EpArist; apolog. exc. Mel.).—Superlative πλεῖστος, η, ον ‘most’ (Hom.+).① pert. to being a large number, many, a great number ofⓐ positive πολύς, πολλή, πολύα. adj., preceding or following a noun (or ptc. or adj. used as a noun) in the pl. many, numerous δυνάμεις πολλαί many mighty deeds Mt 7:22b. δαιμονιζόμενοι πολλοί 8:16. Cp. vs. 30; 9:10; 13:17; 24:11; 27:52, 55; Mk 2:15a; 6:13; 12:41; Lk 4:25, 27; 7:21b; 10:24; J 10:32; 14:2; Ac 1:3; 2:43; 8:7b; 14:22; Ro 4:17f (Gen 17:5); 8:29; 12:4; 1 Cor 8:5ab; 11:30; 12:12a, 20; 1 Ti 6:12; 2 Ti 2:2; Hb 2:10; 1J 4:1; 2J 7; Rv 5:11; 9:9; 10:11; 1 Cl 55:3ab. ἔτη πολλά many years: Lk 12:19b (εἰς ἔτη π.); Ac 24:10 (ἐκ π. ἐτῶν); Ro 15:23 (ἀπὸ π. [v.l. ἱκανῶν] ἐτῶν).—αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αἱ πολλαί Lk 7:47a. αἱ εὐεργεσίαι αἱ π. 1 Cl 21:1.—πολλὰ καὶ βαρέα αἰτιώματα many serious charges Ac 25:7 (cp. Ps.-Pla., Sisyph. 1, 387a πολλά τε καὶ καλὰ πράγματα; B-D-F §442, 11; Rob. 655). πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα σημεῖα J 20:30 (on the form X., Hell. 5, 4, 1 πολλὰ μὲν οὖν … καὶ ἄλλα λέγειν καὶ Ἑλληνικὰ καὶ βαρβαρικά; Dionys. Hal. 2, 67, 5; Ps.-Demetr. 142 πολλὰς κ. ἄλλας χάριτας; Jos., Ant. 3, 318; Tat. 38, 1. On the subject-matter Bultmann 540, 3; also Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 28 after a miracle-story: μυρία δʼ ἕτερα θαυμαστότερα κ. θειότερα περὶ τἀνδρὸς … εἴρηται κτλ.).—ἄλλοι πολλοί many others IRo 10:1. ἄλλαι πολλαί Mk 15:41. ἄλλα πολλά (Jos., Bell. 6, 169, Ant. 9, 242; Just., D. 8, 1) J 21:25. ἕτεροι πολλοί Ac 15:35. ἕτερα πολλά (Jos., Vi. 39) Lk 22:65.—Predicative: πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐισερχόμενοι Mt 7:13.—Mk 5:9; 6:31; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). AcPl Ha 5, 16.—οὐ πολλοί not many=( only) a few οὐ πολλαὶ ἡμέραι (Jos., Ant. 5, 328, Vi. 309) Lk 15:13; J 2:12; Ac 1:5; AcPl Ha 11, 1. οὐ πολλοὶ σοφοί not many wise (people) 1 Cor 1:26a; cp. bc. οὐ πολλοί πατέρες not many fathers 4:15.β. subst.א. πολλοί many i.e. persons—without the art. Mt 7:22; 8:11; 12:15; 20:28; 24:5ab; 26:28; Mk 2:2; 3:10 (Mt 12:15 has ascensive πάντας; other passages to be compared in this connection are Mk 10:45=Mt 20:28 πολλῶν and 1 Ti 2:6 πάντων. Cp. the double tradition of the saying of Bias in Clem. of Alex., Strom. 1, 61, 3 πάντες ἄνθρωποι κακοὶ ἢ οἱ πλεῖστοι τ. ἀνθρώπων κακοί.—On Mk 10:45 s. OCullmann, TZ 4, ’48, 471–73); 6:2; 11:8; Lk 1:1 (cp. Herm. Wr. 11, 1, 1b and see JBauer, NovT 4, ’60, 263–66), 14; J 2:23; 8:30; Ac 9:42; Ro 16:2; 2 Cor 11:18; Gal 3:16 (πολλοί= a plurality); Tit 1:10; Hb 12:15; 2 Pt 2:2. AcPl Ha 5, 8; 7, 5; 11, 3. Opp. ὀλίγοι Mt 22:14; 20:16 v.l. (cp. Pla., Phd. 69c ναρθηκοφόροι μὲν πολλοί, βάκχοι δέ τε παῦροι=the thyrsus-bearers [officials] are many, but the truly inspired are few)—W. a partitive gen. πολλοὶ τῶν Φαρισαίων Mt 3:7. π. πῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ Lk 1:16.—J 4:39; 12:11; Ac 4:4; 8:7a; 13:43; 18:8; 19:18; 2 Cor 12:21; Rv 8:11.—W. ἐκ and gen. (AscIs 3:1; Jos., Ant. 11, 151) πολλοὶ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν J 6:60, 66.—10:20; 11:19, 45; 12:42; Ac 17:12. ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου πολλοί J 7:31 (Appian, Iber. 78 §337 πολλοὶ ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους).ב. πολλά—many things, much without the art.: γράφειν write at length B 4:9. διδάσκειν Mk 4:2; 6:34b. λαλεῖν Mt 13:3. μηχανᾶσθαι MPol 3. πάσχειν (Pind., O. 13, 63 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 268; 403) Mt 16:21; Mk 5:26a; 9:12; Lk 9:22; 17:25; B 7:11; AcPl Ha 8, 19. ποιεῖν Mk 6:20 v.l. United w. another neut. by καί (Lucian, Icar. 20 πολλὰ κ. δεινά; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 345 D.: πολλὰ κ. καλά; Ps.-Demetr., El. 70 πολλὰ κ. ἄλλα; likew. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 13 §53; Arrian, Anab. 6, 11, 2) πολλὰ κ. ἕτερα many other things Lk 3:18. πολλὰ ἂν κ. ἄλλα εἰπεῖν ἔχοιμι Dg 2:10 (Eur., Ep. 3, 2, πολλὰ κ. ἕτερα εἰπεῖν ἔχω; Diod S 17, 38, 3 πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα … διαλεχθείς). ἐν πολλοῖς in many ways (Diod S 26, 1, 2; OGI 737, 7 [II B.C.]; Just., D. 124, 4 [of line of proof]) 2 Cor 8:22a. ἐπὶ πολλῶν (opp. ἐπὶ ὀλίγα) over many things Mt 25:21, 23.—W. art. (Pla., Apol. 1, 17a) τὰ πολλὰ πράσσειν transact a great deal of business Hs 4:5b.γ. elliptical δαρήσεται πολλά (sc. πληγάς) will receive many (lashes) Lk 12:47 (B-D-F §154; 241, 6).ⓑ comparative πλείων, πλεῖονα. adj. w. a plural (Diod S 14, 6, 1 μισθοφόρους πλείους=many mercenaries) πλείονας πόνους (opp. οὐχ ἕνα οὐδὲ δύο) 1 Cl 5:4. ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους for a (large) number of days, for many days (Jos., Ant. 4, 277; cp. Theophr. in Apollon. Paradox. 29 πλείονας ἡμ.) Ac 13:31.—21:10 (Jos., Ant. 16, 15); 24:17; 25:14; 27:20. οἱ μὲν πλείονές εἰσιν γεγονότες ἱερεῖς the priests of former times existed in greater numbers Hb 7:23. ἑτέροις λόγοις πλείοσιν in many more words (than have been reported) Ac 2:40. ταῦτα καὶ ἕτερα πλείονα MPol 12:1.—W. a gen. of comparison (Just., A I 53, 3; Tat. 3, 2) ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων other slaves, more than (he had sent) at first Mt 21:36. πλείονα σημεῖα ὧν more signs than those which J 7:31. Also w. ἤ: πλείονας μαθητὰς ἤ more disciples than 4:1. After πλείονες (-α) before numerals the word for ‘than’ is omitted (B-D-F §185, 4; Kühner-G. II 311; Rob. 666; Jos., Ant. 14, 96) ἐτῶν ἦν πλειόνων τεσσεράκοντα ὁ ἄνθρωπος the man was more than 40 years old Ac 4:22. πλείους τεσσεράκοντα 23:13, 21. Cp. 24:11; 25:6 (Jos., Ant. 6, 306 δέκα οὐ πλείους ἡμέρας).—The ref. is to relative extent (cp. 2bα) in τὰ ἔργα σου τὰ ἕσχατα πλείονα τῶν πρώτων your deeds, the latter of which are greater than the former Rv 2:19.β. subst.א. (οἱ) πλείονες, (οἱ) πλείους the majority, most (Diog. L. 1, 20; 22; Jos., Ant. 10, 114) Ac 19:32; 27:12. W. ἐξ: ἐξ ὧν οἱ πλείονες most of whom 1 Cor 15:6. W. gen. and a neg. (litotes) οὐκ ἐν τ. πλείοσιν αὐτῶν ηὐδόκησεν ὁ θεός God was pleased with only a few of them 10:5. This is perh. (s. ג below) the place for 1 Cor 9:19; 2 Cor 2:6; 9:2. Phil 1:14; MPol 5:1.ב. (οἱ) πλείονες, (οἱ) πλείους (even) more πλείονες in even greater numbers Ac 28:23. πολλῷ πλείους ἐπίστευσαν many more came to believe J 4:41.—διὰ τῶν πλειόνων to more and more people=those who are still to be won for Christ 2 Cor 4:15.ג. (οἱ) πλείονες, (οἱ) πλείους. In contrast to a minority οἱ πλείονες can gain the sense the others, the rest (so τὰ πλείονα Soph., Oed. Col. 36; τὸ πλέον Thu. 4, 30, 4; Jos., Ant. 12, 240; B-D-F §244, 3). So perh. (s. א above) ἵνα τ. πλείονας κερδήσω (opp. the apostle himself) 1 Cor 9:19; 2 Cor 2:6 (opp. the one who has been punished too severely.—In this case [s. א above] his punishment would have been determined by a unanimous vote of the Christian assembly rather than by a majority). Cp. 9:2; Phil 1:14; MPol 5:1.ד. πλείονα (for πλεῖον) more Mt 20:10 v.l.; various things Lk 11:53. ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς πλείονα 1 Cl 24:5 (s. as adv. ParJer 7:26).ⓒ superl. adj. πλείστη w. a plural most of αἱ πλεῖσται δυνάμεις Mt 11:20 (difft. B-D-F §245, 1).② pert. to being relatively large in quantity or measure, much, extensiveⓐ positive πολύς, πολλή, πολύα. adj. preceding or following a noun (or ptc. or adj. used as a noun)א. in the sg. much, large, great πολὺς ἀριθμός Ac 11:21. W. words that in themselves denote a plurality (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 80 §338 στρατὸς πολύς) πολὺς ὄχλος (s. ὄχ. 1a) Mt 14:14; 20:29; 26:47; Mk 5:21, 24; 6:34a; 8:1; 9:14; 12:37 (ὁ π. ὄχ.); Lk 5:29; 6:17a; 8:4; J 6:2, 5 (for the expression ὁ ὄχλος πολύς, in which π. follows the noun, J 12:9, 12, cp. Arrian, Anab. 1, 9, 6 ὁ φόνος πολύς); Ac 6:7; Rv 7:9; 19:1, 6. πολὺ πλῆθος (s. pl. 2bα) Mk 3:7f; Lk 5:6; 6:17b; 23:27; Ac 14:1; 17:4; 1 Cl 6:1. λαὸς πολύς many people Ac 18:10. Of money and its value, also used in imagery μισθὸς πολύς Mt 5:12; Lk 6:23, 35 (all three predicative, as Gen 15:1). ἐργασία π. Ac 16:16. π. κεφάλαιον 22:28. χρυσοῦ πολλοῦ … τρυφῆς πολλῆς AcPl Ha 2, 19.—Of things that occur in the mass or in large quantities (Diod S 3, 50, 1 πολλὴ ἄμπελος) γῆ πολλή Mt 13:5; Mk 4:5; θερισμὸς π. Mt 9:37; Lk 10:2 (both pred.). χόρτος π. J 6:10; καρπὸς π. (Cyranides p. 121, 11) 12:24; 15:5, 8.—λόγος π. a long speech (Diod S 13, 1, 2; Just., D. 123, 7) Ac 15:32; 20:2. περὶ οὗ πολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος about this we have much to say Hb 5:11 (cp. Pla., Phd. 115d).—Of time: πολὺς χρόνος a long time (Hom. et al.; Demetr.(?): 722 Fgm. 7; Jos., Ant. 8, 342; 19, 28; Just., A II, 2, 11) J 5:6 (s. ἔχω 7b); Hs 6, 4, 4 (pred.). μετὰ πολὺν χρόνον (Jos., Ant. 12, 324) Mt 25:19. Differently Mk 6:35ab (s. 3aα).ב. adj. w. a noun in the pl. many, large, great, extensive, plentiful ὄχλοι πολλοί great crowds or probably better many people (as Diod S 20, 59, 2; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 3. For the corresponding mng. of ὄχλοι s. ὄχλος 1a) Mt 4:25; 8:1; 13:2; 15:30a; 19:2; Lk 5:15; 14:25. κτήματα πολλά a great deal of property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22 (cp. Da 11:28 χρήματα π.). ὕδατα πολλά much water, many waters (Maximus Tyr. 21, 3g of the Nile ὁ πολὺς ποταμός, likew. Procop. Soph., Ep. 111) J 3:23; Rv 1:15; 14:2; 17:1; 19:6b. θυμιάματα πολλά a great deal of incense 8:3. τὰ πολλὰ γράμματα Ac 26:24. πολλοὶ χρόνοι long periods of time (Plut., Thes. 6, 9). πολλοῖς χρόνοις for long periods of time (SIG 836, 6; pap) Lk 8:29; 1 Cl 44:3. χρόνοις πολλοῖς AcPlCor 2:10. ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων (Diod S 3, 47, 8; Jos., Ant. 14, 110; 17, 204) 1 Cl 42:5.β. subst.א. πολλοί many i.e. pers.—w. the art. οἱ πολλοί the many, of whatever appears in the context Mk 6:2 v.l. (the many people who were present in the synagogue); 9:26b (the whole crowd). Opp. ὁ εἷς Ro 5:15ac, 19ab; the many who form the ἓν σῶμα the one body 12:5; 1 Cor 10:17. Paul pays attention to the interests of the many rather than to his own vs. 33 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 212).—The majority, most (X., An. 5, 6, 19; Appian, Maced. 7, Bell. Civ. 4, 73 §309; 2 Macc 1:36; En 104:10; AscIs 3:26; Jos., Ant. 17, 72; Just., D. 4, 3) Mt 24:12; Hb 12:15 v.l. W. a connotation of disapproval most people, the crowd (Socrat., Ep. 6, 2; Dio Chrys. 15 [32], 8; Epict. 1, 3, 4; 2, 1, 22 al.; Plut., Mor. 33a; 470b; Plotinus, Enn. 2, 9, 9; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 42) 2 Cor 2:17; Pol 2:1; 7:2.—Jeremias, The Eucharistic Words of Jesus3, tr. NPerrin, ’66, 179–82; 226–31, and TW VI 536–45: πολλοί.ב. πολύ much ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ᾧ παρέθεντο πολὺ κτλ. Lk 12:48 (Just., A I, 17, 4 twice πλέον). Cp. 16:10ab; 2 Cl 8:5; καρποφορεῖν π. bear much fruit Hs 2:3. πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον much in every way Ro 3:2 (Ael. Aristid. 34, 43 K.=50 p. 562 D. gives answer to a sim. quest. asked by himself: πολλὰ καὶ παντοῖα).—Js 5:16.—As gen. of price πολλοῦ for a large sum of money (Menand., Fgm. 197 Kö.; PRyl 244, 10. S. στρουθίον.) Mt 26:9.—Of time: ἐπὶ πολύ ( for) a long time (JosAs 19:3; Ar. 65, 3; s. also ἐπί 18cβ) Ac 28:6; AcPl Ha 10, 21. μετʼ οὐ πολύ soon afterward Ac 27:14 (μετά B 2c).—ἐπὶ πολύ more than once, often (Is 55:7) Hm 4, 1, 8.—Before a comp. (as Hom. et al.; B-D-F §246; Rob. 664) in the acc. πολὺ βέλτιον much better Hs 1:9. π. ἐλάττων v 3, 7, 6 (Ar. 6, 2). π. μᾶλλον much more, to a much greater degree (Dio Chrys. 2, 10; 17; 64 al.; Ael. Aristid. 34, 9 K.=50 p. 549 D.; Just., A II, 8, 3; D. 95, 1 al.) Hb 12:9, 25 (by means of a negative it acquires the mng. much less; cp. Diod S 7, 14, 6 πολὺ μᾶλλον μὴ … =even much less); Dg 2:7b. π. πλέον 2:7a (Ar. 11, 7). π. σπουδαιότερος 2 Cor 8:22b. Cp. π. τιμώτερον 1 Pt 1:7 v.l.; in the dat. of degree of difference πολλῷ μᾶλλον (Thu. 2, 51, 4; UPZ 42, 48 [162 B.C.]; EpArist 7; 24 al.; Sir prol. ln. 14; Jos., Ant. 18, 184; Just., A I, 68, 9; Tat. 17, 4) Mt 6:30; Mk 10:48b; Lk 18:39; Ro 5:9f, 15b, 17; 1 Cor 12:22; 2 Cor 3:9, 11; Phil 2:12. πολλῷ μᾶλλον κρείσσον 1:23 (v.l. without μᾶλλον). πολλῷ πλείους J 4:41. πολλῷ στρουθίων as v.l. Mt 20:31 and Lk 12:7 (both N.25 app.; on the strong ms. support for this rdg. s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 21–24).—W. the art. τὸ πολύ (opp. τὸ ὀλίγον as X., An. 7, 7, 36) 2 Cor 8:15 (cp. Ex 16:18).ג. πολύς (Diod S 14, 107, 4 πολὺς ἦν ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ=he was strongly inclined toward punishing) μὴ πολὺς ἐν ῥήμασιν γίνου do not be profuse in speech, do not gossip 1 Cl 30:5 (Job 11:3).—Παπίας ὁ πολύς Papias (7), prob. to be understood as ὁ πάνυ; s. πάνυ d.ⓑ comp. πλείων, πλεῖον; adv. πλειόνωςα. adj., w. a singular (TestJob 35:2 διὰ πλείονος εὐωδίας) καρπὸν πλείονα more fruit J 15:2, 8 P66; Hs 5, 2, 4. τὸ πλεῖον μέρος τοῦ ὄχλου the greater part of the throng 8, 1, 16. ἐπὶ πλείονα χρόνον for a longer time (PTebt 6:31 [II B.C.]) Ac 18:20. Foll. by gen. of comparison: πλείονα τιμήν more honor Hb 3:3b.—IPol 1:3a. Foll. by παρά τινα for comparison Hb 3:3a; 11:4; Hs 9, 18, 2. ὅσῳ πλείονος κατηξιώθημεν γνώσεως, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον 1 Cl 41:4.—τὸ πλεῖον μέρος as adv. acc. for the greater part Hv 3, 6, 4a.β. as subst. πλεῖον, πλέον more τὸ πλεῖον the greater sum (cp. Diod S 1, 82, 2=the greater part; Ps 89:10) Lk 7:43. πλεῖον λαμβάνειν receive a larger sum Mt 20:10. W. partitive gen. ἐπὶ πλεῖον προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας they will arrive at an ever greater measure of impiety=become more and more deeply involved in impiety 2 Ti 2:16. W. a gen. of comparison πλεῖον τῆς τροφῆς someth. greater (more important) than food Mt 6:25; Lk 12:23. πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ Mt 12:41; cp. vs. 42; Lk 11:31, 32. ἡ χήρα πλεῖον πάντων ἔβαλεν the widow put in more than all the rest Mk 12:43; Lk 21:3. μηδὲν πλέον nothing more (Jos., Bell. 1, 43; cp. Just., D. 2, 3 οὐδὲν πλέον); the words than, except following are expressed by παρά and the acc. Lk 3:13 or by πλήν w. gen. Ac 15:28, w. εἰ μή Hs 1:6.—The acc. is used as an adv. more, in greater measure, to a greater degree (Herm. Wr. 13, 21 Nock after the mss.) Lk 7:42; IRo 1:1; IEph 6:2; w. a gen. of comparison Mt 5:20 (περισσεύω 1aβ); J 21:15; IPol 5:2 (s. Ad’Alès, RSR 25, ’35, 489–92). τριετίαν ἢ καὶ πλεῖον for three years or even more Ac 20:18 D (cp. TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 27 [Stone p. 70, 27]).—ἐπὶ πλεῖον any farther (of place) Ac 4:17 (TestGad 7:2; Ath. 12 [ἐπί 4bβ]); (of time) at length Ac 20:9 (ἐπί 18cβ) or any longer, too long 24:4; 1 Cl 55:1 (ἐπί 18cβ); any more, even more (ἐπί 13) 2 Ti 3:9; 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4). Strengthened πολὺ πλέον much more, much rather (4 Macc 1:8; cp. X., An. 7, 5, 15; BGU 180, 12f [172 A.D.] πολλῷ πλεῖον; Ar. 11, 7 πολλῷ πλεῖον) Dg 2:7; 4:5.—Also w. indications of number (s. 1bα) πλεῖον ἢ ἄρτοι πέντε Lk 9:13 (the words πλ. ἤ outside the constr. as X., An. 1, 2, 11). In πλείω δώδεκα λεγιῶνας ἀγγέλων more than twelve legions of angels Mt 26:53 the text is uncertain (B-D-F §185, 4; s. Rob. 666).—The adv. can also be expressed by πλειόνως (Aeneas Tact. 237; Jos., Ant. 17, 2; Leontios 24, p. 52, 10) more ὅσον … πλειόνως the more … the more IEph 6:1.ⓒ superl. πλεῖστος, ονα. adj.א. superlative proper τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος the greatest part w. partitive gen. Hs 8, 2, 9; 9, 7, 4. As adv. acc. for the greatest part 8, 5, 6; 8, 10, 1 (s. μέρος 1d).ב. elative (s. Mayser II/1, 1926, 53) very great, very large (ὁ) πλεῖστος ὄχλος Mt 21:8 (ὁ πλεῖστος ὄχλος could also be the greatest part of the crowd, as Thu. 7, 78, 2; Pla., Rep. 3, 397d); Mk 4:1.β. subst. οἱ πλεῖστοι the majority, most Ac 19:32 D (Just., D. 1, 4; cp. D. 48, 4 πλεῖστοι).③ pert. to being high on a scale of extentⓐ positive πολύς, πολλή, πολύα. as simple adj., to denote degree much, great, strong, severe, hard, deep, profound (Diod S 13, 7, 4 πολὺς φόβος; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 57; 58 p. 265, 3 πολλὴ δικαιοσύνη; Eccl 5:16 θυμὸς π.; Sir 15:18 σοφία; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 4 [Stone p. 54] ἀθυμία; Just., D. 3, 1 ἠρεμία) ἀγάπη Eph 2:4. ἀγών 1 Th 2:2. ἄθλησις Hb 10:32. ἁπλότης Hv 3, 9, 1. ἀσιτία Ac 27:21. βία 24:6 [7] v.l. γογγυσμός J 7:12. διακονία Lk 10:40. δοκιμή 2 Cor 8:2. δόξα Mt 24:30; Hv 1, 3, 4; 2, 2, 6. δύναμις Mk 13:26. ἐγκράτεια strict self-control Hv 2, 3, 2. εἰρήνη complete or undisturbed peace (Diod S 3, 64, 7; 11, 38, 1) Ac 24:2. ἔλεος 1 Pt 1:3. ἐπιθυμία 1 Th 2:17. ζημία Ac 27:10. ζήτησις 15:7. θλῖψις 2 Cor 2:4a; 1 Th 1:6. καύχησις 2 Cor 7:4b (pred.). μακροθυμία Ro 9:22. ὀδυρμός Mt 2:18. παράκλησις 2 Cor 8:4. παρρησία (Wsd 5:1) 3:12; 7:4a (pred.); 1 Ti 3:13; Phlm 8. πεποίθησις 2 Cor 8:22c. πλάνη 2 Cl 1:7. πληροφορία 1 Th 1:5. πόνος Col 4:13. σιγή a great or general hush (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 25; Arrian, Anab. 5, 28, 4) Ac 21:40. στάσις 23:10. τρόμος 1 Cor 2:3. φαντασία Ac 25:23. χαρά 8:8; Phlm 7. ὥρα πολλή late hour (Polyb. 5, 8, 3; Dionys. Hal. 2, 54; Jos., Ant. 8, 118) Mk 6:35ab.β. subst. πολλά in the acc. used as adv. greatly, earnestly, strictly, loudly, often etc. (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 14; Diod S 13, 41, 5; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 19, 2; Aelian, VH 1, 23; 4 Km 10:18; Is 23:16; TestSol 1:1; GrBar; ApcMos; Jos., Ant. 14, 348) ἀλαλάζειν πολλά Mk 5:38 (s. ἀλαλάζω). πολλὰ ἁμαρτάνειν Hs 4:5c (ApcMos 32). π. ἀνακρίνειν Ac 28:18 v.l. π. ἀπορεῖν Mk 6:20 (Field, Notes 29). π. ἀσπάζεσθαι 1 Cor 16:19 (s. ἀσπάζομαι 1a). δεηθῆναι π. (GrBar 4:14; Jos., Vi. 173; 343) Hs 5, 4, 1. διαστέλλεσθαι Mk 5:43 (s. διαστέλλω). π. ἐπιτιμᾶν 3:12. π. ἐρωτᾶν earnestly pray Hv 2, 2, 1. κατηγορεῖν π. Mk 15:3 (s. κατηγορέω 1a). κηρύσσειν π. talk freely 1:45. κλαίειν bitterly Ac 8:24 D (ApcMos 39). κοπιᾶν (ApcMos 24; CIG IV 9552, 5 … μοι πολλὰ ἐκοπίασεν, cp. Dssm., LO 266, 5 [LAE 317]) work hard Ro 16:6, 12; 2 Cl 7:1b. νηστεύειν π. fast often Mt 9:14a. ὀμνύναι π. Mk 6:23. παρακαλεῖν Mk 5:10, 23; Ac 20:1 D; 1 Cor 16:12. π. πταίειν make many mistakes Js 3:2. π. σπαράσσειν convulse violently Mk 9:26a.—W. the art. ἐνεκοπτόμην τὰ πολλά I have been hindered these many times (cp. Ro 1:13 πολλάκις) Ro 15:22 (v.l. πολλάκις here too).γ. subst. πολύ in the acc. used as adv. greatly, very much, strongly (Da 6:15, 24 Theod.) ἀγαπᾶν πολύ show much affection, love greatly Lk 7:47b. κλαίειν π. weep loudly Rv 5:4.—Mk 12:27; Ac 18:27.ⓑ superlative, the neut. acc. πλεῖστον, α as adv. (sing. Hom. et al.; pl. Pind. et al.)α. pl. πλεῖστα in the formula of greeting at the beginning of a letter πλεῖστα χαίρειν (POxy 742; 744; 1061 [all three I B.C.]; PTebt 314, 2 [II A.D.] and very oft. in pap.—Griech. pap ed. Ltzm.: Kl. Texte 142, 1910, p. 4, 5, 6, 7 al.; Preis. II s.v. πλεῖστος) heartiest greeting(s) IEph ins; IMg ins; ITr ins; IRo ins; ISm ins; IPol ins.β. sing. τὸ πλεῖστον at the most (Aristoph., Vesp. 260; Diod S 14, 71, 3 πεμπταῖοι ἢ τὸ πλ. ἑκταῖοι; POxy 58, 17; PGiss 65:9) κατὰ δύο ἢ τὸ πλ. τρεῖς (word for word like Περὶ ὕψους 32, 1) 1 Cor 14:27.—B. 922f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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Οσίου Λουκά, μονή — Μοναστήρι στους δυτικούς πρόποδες του Ελικώνα, μεταξύ Βοιωτίας και Φωκίδας. Κατά τη βυζαντινή και τη μεταβυζαντινή περίοδο αποτελούσε περίφημο πνευματικό και μοναστικό κέντρο της Ελλάδας. Ιδρύθηκε από τον Όσιο Λουκά τον Στειριώτη (Καστρί,… … Dictionary of Greek
υπό — ὑπὸ, ΝΜΑ και επικ. τ. ὑπαί και αιολ. τ. ὐπά και βοιωτ. τ. ὑπά και αιολ. τ. ὑπύ και αρκαδικός τ. ὁπύ και οἱπό, Α δισύλλαβη πρόθεση που συντάσσεται με γεν., αιτ. και, μόνον στην αρχαία με δοτ. ΣΥΝΤΑΞΗ ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑ: Ι. (με γεν.) δηλώνει: 1. την αιτία… … Dictionary of Greek
σπουδή — Η βιασύνη, η βιάση. Στον πληθυντικό σπουδές = η μελέτη για κάποια επιστημονική κατάρτιση. Ο όρος χρησιμοποιείται και στις καλές τέχνες, κυρίως στη ζωγραφική, τη γλυπτική και τη μουσική. Στις δυο πρώτες, σ. είναι το σχέδιο που φιλοτεχνεί ο… … Dictionary of Greek
