-
101 ὑπαντάω
A- ήσομαι J.AJ1.20.1
, A.D. Synt.149.15, S.E.M.10.61: [tense] aor.- ήντησα Plu.Arat.34
, [dialect] Dor.- άντᾱσα Pi.P.8.59
:— come or go to meet, either as a friend, X.Cyr.3.3.2; or in arms, ib.1.4.22, 4.2.17;εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς ὑ. Hyp.Eux.22
, cf. SIG798.21 (Cyzicus, i A. D.);ὑ. τινί Pi.
l. c., X.Cyr.6.3.15, Ev.Matt.8.28, etc.;ὑ. τῇ πόλει πρὸς τὴν χρείαν Plu.
l. c.; πρὸς τὸ [βῆμα] POxy.1630.15 (iii A. D.): also c. gen.,ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν παιδὸς ὑ. S.Ph. 719
(anap., s. v. l.): —in App.BC5.45, the acc. ὄντα (sic codd., ὄντι Schweigh., Mendelss.) refers to σε κατιόντα ὁρῶν just before:—later in [voice] Med.,ὑπαντώμενος αὐτοῖς Hdn.2.5.5
, cf. 3.11.3, 5.4.5, etc.II metaph., meet, i. e. agree to,ταῖς τιμαῖς Posidon.36
J.; present oneself at,τῇ ἀποδόσει Sammelb. 6.23
(iii A. D.);πρὸς τὴν ἀπόδοσιν BGU614.23
(iii A.D.).2 meet, i.e. reply or object to,τοῖς ἐμοῖς βουλεύμασι E.Supp. 398
(s. v.l., v. ὕπαντα) ; πρός τινα or τι S.E.M.10.105, etc.; πρός τι ὑ. ὡς .. A.D. Synt.265.4: abs., εὐαρεστήσεως ὑπαντησομένης come in response, ensue, Herod.[voice] Med.in Rh.Mus.58.85, cf. 100.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπαντάω
-
102 ὑπηρετέω
A- ήσω Alex.
(v. infr.), etc.: [tense] plpf.ὑπηρετήκειν X.HG3.3.9
:—prop. do service on board ship, as a rower (cf. ὑπηρέτης, ὑπηρεσία), SIG524.33,47 (Praesus, iii B. C.):—[voice] Pass., .II to be a servant, do service, S.El. 996, Ph. 990; opp. ἄρχω, Ar.V. 518 (troch.);τοὺς διὰ φόβον ὑ. X.Hier.1.38
.2 c. dat., minister to, serve,τῷ παρόντι δαίμονι S.El. 1306
, cf. E.Ph. 1708, Th.4.108, etc.; ὑ. τῷ χρηστηρίῳ submit to its ruling, Hdt.8.41, cf. Pl.Lg. 914a;ἔργοις ἀνοσίοις ὑ. S.OC 283
; [νόμῳ, λόγῳ], Lys.2.19; ὑ. τοῖς τρόποις humour his ways, Ar.Ra. 1432; τῷδ' ὑ. λόγῳ second, support it, E.Med. 588; .3 ὑ. τινὶ εἴς or πρός τι, Hdt.1.109, X.Eq.8.7, etc.; also ὑ. τινί τι serve one in a thing,οἷς σὺ ταῦθ' ὑπηρετεῖς S.Ph. 1024
, cf. Ar.Pl. 979, Pl.Smp. 196c, X.Cyr.5.1.20, D.18.138,59.35.b in financial sense,τὸν δὲ ταμίαν εἰς τὸ ἀνάλωμα ὑπηρετῆσαι Supp.Epigr. 1.351.30
(Samos, iv B. C.), cf. 363.43 (ibid., iii B. C.), Inscr.Prien.3 (iv B. C.), 18 (iii B. C.), al.4 abs., serve, be subordinate, opp. προστάττω, Arist.Top. 129a13;ἡ ὑπηρετοῦσα ἐπιστήμη Id.Metaph. 982b5
: c. neut. pl. of Adj., etc., τὰ λοίφ' ὑ. help in what remains to be done, S.Ph.15;ὑ. τὰ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 467a
; and with cogn. acc.,ὑ. τὰς διακονικὰς πράξεις Arist.Pol. 1277a36
:—[voice] Pass., to be done as service,τὰ ἀπ' ἡμέων ἐς ὑμέας ὑπηρετέεται Hdt.4.139
; χρὴ σὴ τό γε ἐμὸν ὑπηρετέεσθαι that my service should be rendered, Id.1.108;ἢν τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν ὑπηρετῆται Isoc.3.63
;τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸ ὑπηρετηθέν Arist.EE 1243a16
, cf. X.HG5.2.34.—The [voice] Med. occurs in late texts, as Hld.7.19, al., and Alciphr.1.11, dub. in Supp.Epigr.1.327.19 (Callatis, i A. D.); τὸ -ούμενον the retinue, Memn.2.4; [tense] fut.- ήσομαι POxy.58.24
(iii A. D.); but in S.El. 1306, ὑπηρετοίην was rightly restored by Musgrave and Elmsl. for -οίμην.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπηρετέω
-
103 ὑποχωρέω
A- ήσομαι Luc.Tox. 11
:—go back, retire, withdraw, Il.6.107, 22.96; χώρησαν δ' ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι .. 4.505; ὑ. ἐς τὴν Σάμον, εἰς Σικυῶνα, Th.8.79, Is.6.20;πρὸς αἱμασιάν Th.4.43
;παρὰ Τισσαφέρνην Id.8.45
; freq. in part., ὑποχωρῶν ᾤχετο, ὑποχωρήσαντες φεύγουσι, Is.4.28, D.22.66; of a lion,βάδην ὑ. Arist.HA 629b14
; of long-horned kine,νέμεσθαι ὑποχωροῦντας Id.PA 659a20
; εἰς τὰ βαθέα ὑ., of eels, Id.HA 592a27, etc.2 c. gen., withdraw from,ὑ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.1.207
;ὑ. τοῦ πεδίου X.Cyr.2.4.24
;τοῦ βίου IG12(7).395.9
([place name] Amorgos): c. dat., gave way to,Pl.
R. 560a;τὸν ἥσσω τῷ κρατοῦντι ὑ. Th.1.77
; but ὑ. τῷ δαίμονι try to escape from.., Plu.Brut.40.b κἀκεῖνος ὑπεχώρησεν αὐτῷ τοῦ θρόνου he ([place name] Aeschylus) gave Sophocles a share of the throne, Ar.Ra. 790 (not surrendered it, which would be παρεχώρησεν) ; τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἐντρέπεσθαι.. ὁδῶν ὑποχωροῦντας making way for them on the streets (not ' retiring from the streets'), Plu.2.237d.3 c. acc., avoid, shun,μηδένα ὄχλον [νεῶν] Ἀθηναῖοι ὄντες ὑποχωρεῖν Th. 2.88
; so perh. to be taken in Il.13.476, μένεν.., οὐδ' ὑπεχώρει, Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα; cf. Pl.Sph. 240a, D.H.6.93, Luc.Tox.36.II pass off below, esp. by way of stool,σάρκες Hp.Aph.4.26
, etc.;εἰ ταχέως ὑποχωρεῖ τῶν ὑποχονδρίων Gal.6.56
, cf. 253:—in [voice] Med., Hp.Aph. 7.67.III go on steadily, εἰρεσία ὑπεχώρησεν ἐκ παλαμᾶν the rowing went on, stroke after stroke, Pi.P.4.202.IV Ἡγέλοχος οὕτω προηνέγκατο (sc. γαλην ὁρῶ) ὥστε μὴ ὑποχωρῆσαι ἐκ τῆς συναλοιφῆς τὸ γαληνά, ἀλλὰ διαχωρῆσαι μᾶλλον, ὥστε δόξαι τὴν γαλῆν εἰπεῖν Sch.Ar.Ra. 305 (dub. sens.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποχωρέω
-
104 ὠνέομαι
A , Ar.Ach. 815, Pax 1261, Lys.22.22, [dialect] Dor. ὠνασοῦμαι (v. infr.):—in [dialect] Att. usu. with the syllabic augment,ἐωνούμην Eup.184
, And.1.134,ἀντ-εωνεῖτο X. Oec.20.26
, etc.: butὠνέετο Hdt.3.139
,ὠνέοντο Id.1.69
,ὠνούμην Lys. 7.4
codd.,ἀντ-ωνεῖτο And.1.134
,ἐξ-ωνεῖτο Aeschin.3.91
: [tense] aor. 1ἐωνησάμην Plu.Cic.3
;ὠνησάμην Hp.Ep.17
, Plu.Nic.10, Luc.Herm.81; part.ὠνησάμενος Plb.4.50.3
, D.H.7.20: ὠνήσασθαι not in Attic inscrr. earlier than IG22.1035.8 (i B. C.), ἐπριάμην being used in [dialect] Att.; ὠνησάμην in the prov.Χῖος δεσπότην ὠνήσατο Eup.269
: [tense] pf. ἐώνημαι in act. sense, Ar.Pl.7, Lys.7.2 (so [tense] plpf.ἐώνητο D.37.5
); also as [voice] Pass. (v. infr. 11): [tense] aor. in pass. sense (v. infr. 11) ἐωνήθην; [tense] fut. in pass. senseἀπ-ωνηθήσεται Theopomp.Com.84
: this verb is usu. replaced in later Gr. by ἀγοράζω:—buy, purchase, opp.πωλέω, πιπράσκω; πῶ τις ὦν ὄνον ὠνασεῖται; Sophr.125
; but in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (which are the tenses most in use), offer to buy, bargain or bid for a thing,ὄφρ' ἄλλων ὠνῇ κλῆρον Hes.Op. 341
; ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων wished to buy some of their wares, began to bargain for them, Hdt. 1.1; Κροῖσός σφι ὠνεομένοισι ἔδωκε gave it them when they offered to buy, ib.69; τὰς νήσους οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ὠνευμένοισι πωλέειν ib. 165, cf. 3.139, 6.121; ὀκτὼ λάβοις ἄν (sc. ὀβολούς); Answ. εἴπερ ὠνεῖ τὸν ἕτερον if you are willing to buy the other fish, Alex.16.10, cf. 78.7; ;ὠ. τὰς γυναῖκας παρὰ τῶν γονέων Hdt.5.6
, cf. Pl.Prt. 313d, 313e, D.9.48;ἀπό τινος Ach.Tat. 5.17
: c. dat. pers., buy from.., Ar.Ach. 815, Pax 1261; also ὠ. ἐκ Κορίνθου buy goods from Corinth, X.HG7.2.17:ὠ. ἐξ ἀγορᾶς Id.An. 3.2.21
; metaph., καιρόν, σπονδάς ὠ., Plu.Sert.6, Hdn.6.7.9;ὠ. μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐμπόρους D.8.25
; c. gen. pretii, buy for so much, Hdt. 5.6, cf. E.Hec. 360, X.An.7.6.24; ψυχῆς at the price of life, Heraclit. 85: also c. dat., buy with.., : abs., X.Mem.2.10.4, Ages.1.18: esp. in partic., by purchase,Id.
An.2.3.27, cf. 5.5.14, etc.; also ὁ ὠνούμενος the buyer, purchaser,ὁρῶντος τοῦ ὠνουμένου Id.Eq.3.2
, cf. Plu. Cat.Mi.36; ὁ ἐωνημένος the owner by purchase (of a slave), Ar.Pl.7;ὁ ὠνησάμενος Plu.2.242d
; ὁ ὠνησόμενος the intending purchaser, Din. 3.10: metaph.,χάριτας πονηρὰς ὠ. E.Hel. 902
;ὅσα ἄνθρωποι ἄθλων ὠνοῦνται X.Hier.9.11
;εὔνοιαν παρά τινος D.12.20
;ὠ. τὰς αὑτῶν ψυχὰς παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν Lys.28.9
:—in A.Supp. 337 Robortello restored ὄνοιτο.2 bid for, purchase the farming of public taxes or properties,λ ταλάντων And.1.134
, Lys.7.2 (in part. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. with trans. sense);τέλη παρὰ τῆς πόλεως X.Vect.4.19
, etc.;ὠ. μέταλλα D.19.293
;τὸν ἐωνημένον τὴν ἰλὺν ἐκκομίσασθαι IG12.94.20
, cf.ὠνή 11
.3 buy off, avert by giving hush-money,ὠ. τὸν κίνδυνον D.38.20
; τὰ ἐγκλήματα ib.8; ταλάντου τὸ πλημμέλημα (i.e. its penalty)παρά τινος Luc.Herm.81
.4 ὠ. τινα to buy a person, of one who bribes, D.18.247;ὠνεῖται καὶ διαφθείρει τινάς Id.9.45
, cf. Plu.Phil.15.II sts. used as [voice] Pass., dub. in [tense] pres. since [ ὠνούμενά τε καὶ πιπρασκόμενα] is interpol. in Pl.Phd. 69b; occasionally in [tense] pf., part. , Is.11.42, D.19.209 (but indic.ἐώνηνται Anon.
ap. Arist.Rh. 1410a19 is [voice] Act. in sense): [tense] plpf. (troch.); also in [tense] aor.ἐωνήθην X.Mem.2.7.12
,ὠνηθῇ Id.Vect.4.19
; part.ὠνηθείς Is.6.19
, Pl.Sph. 224a, Lg. 850a.III [voice] Act. [tense] pf. part. ἐωνηκώς, = ἐωνημένος, Lys.Fr.135S.: [tense] aor. ὠνῆσαι· ἀγοράσαι, Zonar.: [tense] pres. ὠνεῖν· πωλεῖν, ἀπολαύειν, Hsch.: the sense πωλεῖν is Cretan, ὠνῆν τὰ χρήματα they shall sell the property, Leg.Gort.5.47; αἰ δέ τις.. τὸ νόμισμα μὴ λείοι δέκετθαι ἢ καρπῶ ὠνίοι if any one refuses the currency or sells for produce, SIG525.8 (Crete, iii B. C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὠνέομαι
-
105 ἡγέομαι
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἡγέομαι
-
106 δύναμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be able, be equal, be equivalent' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. δυνήσασθαι, δυνασθῆναι (Il.), δυνηθῆναι (trag.), fut. δυνήσομαι (Od.), perf. δεδύνημαι (Att.)Derivatives: δύναμις f. `strength, power' (Il.; cf. θέμις and below) with δυναμικός `powerful, effective' (hell. and late), δυναμερός `id.' (medic.), δυναμοστόν a fraction (Dioph.); δυναμόω `make strong' (hell. and late), with δυνάμωσις, δυναμωτικός, δύνασις `id.' (Pi.). δυνάστης m. `lord, master' (ion.-att.) with δυναστικός (Arist.), δυναστεύω (Ion.-Att.), with δυναστεία, δυνάστευμα, δυναστευτικός; f. δυνάστις (Demetr. Eloc.), δυνάστειρα ( Tab. Defix. Aud. IIIp). δυνάστωρ `id.' (E. IA 280 [lyr.]). Verbal adj. δυνατός `potens, able; possible' (Sapph.,) with δυνατέω `be strong' (2 Ep. Kor. 13, 3); δυνητικός `potential' (A. D.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Prob. δύ-ν-αμαι, a present with nasal infix, which was generalized: δυ-ν-ά-σθην for *δυά-σθην (cf. λίναμαι: λιάσθην), δυ-ν-ήσομαι for *δυή-σομαι etc., and in nouns δύναμις etc. An inorganic - σ- in: δυνά-σ-θην, δυνά-σ-της. The disyllabic root δϜᾱ- formally agrees with that of δ(Ϝ)ά̄-ν, δ(Ϝ)ᾱ-ρός (s. δήν, δηρός), but semantically a connection is difficult. - Cret. νύναμαι (Gortyn) must be the same word. It may be due simply to assimilation. Hell. δύνομαι is a thematic re-formation. - Details in Schwyzer 495 n. 5, 693 w. n. 5, 762; cf Frisk Eranos 43, 223 w. n. 3.Page in Frisk: 1,423-424Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δύναμαι
-
107 μάχομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `do battle' (Il.).Other forms: ep. also μαχέομαι ( μαχειόμενος, μαχεούμενον metr. lengthening), aor. μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), μαχήσασθαι (D. S., Paus.), μαχεσθῆναι (Plu., Paus.), fut. μαχήσομαι (ep. Ion.), μαχέσ(σ)ομαι (Ion. a. late), μαχέομαι (Β 366), μαχοῦμαι (Att.; μαχεῖται Υ 26), perf. μεμάχημαι (Att.),Compounds: Often with prefix, e.g. δια-, συν-, ἀπο- (on ἀμφι μάχομαι Bolling AmJPh 81, 77ff.). As s. member in synthetic paroxytona like μονο-μάχ-ος `battling alone' (A., E.), m. `gladiator' (Str.), with μονομαχ-έω, - ία etc., ναυ-μάχ-ος `battling on sea' (AP; but ναύ-μαχος from μάχη, s. below).Derivatives: μάχη `battle' (Il.; on the meaning etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 233, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 135 f.); as 2. member e.g. in ἄ-, πρό-, σύμ-, ναύ-, ἱππό-μαχος with derivv. like προμαχ-ίζω, συμμαχ-έω, ναυμαχ-έω, - ία. Derivv. 1. μαχη-τής m. `battler' (Hom., LXX), Dor. μαχατάς (P.; H. μαχάταρ ἀντίπαλος), Aeol. μαχαίτας (Alk. Z 27, 5; hyperaeol.?), also derived from μάχομαι; Trümpy 128. 2. μάχ-ιμος `warlike, soldier of an Egyptian tribe' (IA.; after ἄλκιμος, Arbenz 42) with μαχιμικός `after the μάχιμοι' (pap.). 3. Μαχάων m. PN (Aeol. ep.), Ion. - έων, with Dor. Μαχαν-ίδας (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 207f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 228). -- From μάχομαι also μαχ-ήμων `martial' (Μ 247, AP) and μαχ-ητός `controllable' (μ 119; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 14), ἀ-, περι-μάχ-ητος (Att.), μαχ-ητικός `prepared to fight' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 137); cf. μαχ-ήσομαι, με-μάχ-ημαι and Fraenkel 2, 79. -- Can be connected both with the noun as with the verb: -μάχᾱς, e.g. ἀπειρο-μάχᾱς `unexperienced in battle' (Pi.), λεοντο-μάχᾱς `fighting with a lion' (Theoc.); cf. Schwyzer 451.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: Beside the thematic root-present μάχομαι there is the isolated by-form μαχέομαι, prob. rather after μαχήσομαι (cf. below) than as denominative of μάχη (cf. Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 351). With μαχήσομαι: ἐμαχό-μην compare cases like ἀπ-εχθήσομαι: ἀπ-εχθόμην, μαθήσομαι: ἔμαθον, γενήσομαι: ἐγενόμην (Schwyzer 782). One is therefore prepared to see in ἐμαχόμην (to which μάχομαι was made) an original aorist, with which would agree, that the aorist in Hom. "auffallend selten gebraucht ist" (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 260 n. 333). When μαχεσθαι was reinterpreted as present a new aorist (after κοτέσσασθαι a. o.) μαχέσ-(σ)ασθαι would have arisen. After the type τελέσ(σ)αι: fut. τελῶ arose to μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι the new fut. μαχοῦμαι. -- In the field of fighting and battle old inherited expressions are hardly to be expected. The connection with a supposed Iran. PN * ha-mazan- prop. *"warrior" in Άμαζών (s. v.), with which also ἁμαζακάραν πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι, ἁμαζανίδες αἱ μηλέαι H. is as original as uncertain. Within Greek it is formally possible, to connect μάχομαι with μάχαιρα and further with μῆχαρ, μηχανή (Fick BB 26, 230), which Chantr. rightly calls improbable; cf. esp. χειρο-μάχα f. (scil. ἑταιρεία) name of the workers party in Miletos after Plu. 2, 298 c; new attempt, to find a semantic basis for the connection in Trümpy 127 f. Diff. proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. mactus, mactō. - The isolated root will rather be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,187-188Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάχομαι
-
108 νέμω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `deal out, dispense, distribute (among themselves, possess, inhabit, manage, pasture, consume, devour'.Other forms: - ομαι, aor. νεῖμαι (Il.), - ασθαι, pass. νεμηθῆναι, fut. νεμῶ, - οῦμαι (Ion. - έομαι, late - ήσω, - ήσομαι), perf. νενέμηκα,- ημαι (Att. etc.).Derivatives: Several derivv: A. νομή f. `pasture', metaph. `spreading', e.g. of an ulcer, `distribution' (IA.), `possession, possessio' (hell.). With ἐπι-, προ-νομή etc. from ἐπι-, προ-νέμειν, - εσθαι etc. Also νομός m. `*place of) pasture' (Il.), `habitation' (Pi., Hdt., S.), `province' (Hdt., D. S., Str.). From νομή or νομός (not always with certainty to be distinguished): 1. νομάς, - άδος `roaming the pasture', subst. pl. `pastoral people, nomads' (IA.), as PN `Numidians' (Plb.); from this νομαδ-ικός `roaming, belonging to pastoral peoples, Numidian' (Arist.), - ίτης `id.' (Suid.), - ίαι f. pl. `pasture' with - ιαῖος (Peripl. M. Rubr.). -- 2. νομεύς m. `herdsman' (II.), also `distributor' (Pl.), pl. `ribs of a ship' (Hdt.); from this (or from νομός?) νομεύω `pasture' (Il.) with νόμευ-μα n. `herd' (A.), - τικός `belonging to pasturage' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135 u. 137); διανομ-εύς (: διανομή), προνομ-εύω (: προ-νομή) etc. -- 3. νόμιος `regarding the pasture', also as adjunct of several gods (Pi., Ar., Call.); cf. on νόμος; νομαῖος `id.' (Nic., Call.); νομώδης `spreading', of an ulcer (medic.). -- 4. νομάζω, - ομαι `pasture' (Nic.). -- B. νόμος m. `custom, usage, law, composition' (since Hes.) with several compp., e.g. Ἔννομος PN (Il.), εὔ-νομος `with good laws' (Pi.) with εὑνομ-ίη, - ία `good laws' (since ρ 487; on the meaning Andrewes Class Quart. 32, 89 ff.). From νόμος: 1. adj. νόμιμος `usual, lawful' (IA.; extens. Arbenz 72ff.) with νομιμότης f. (Iamb.); νομικός `regarding the laws, forensic, lawyer' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 132); νόμαιος = νόμιμος (Ion. a. late); νόμιος `id.' (Locris; cf. on νομός). -- 2. Verb νομίζω, rarely w. prefix, e.g. συν-, κατα-, `use customarily, use to, recognize, believe' (IA., Dor.; Fournier Les verbes "dire" passim) with νόμισις f. `belief' (Th.), νόμισμα n. `use, recognized belief, (valid) coin' (IA.), - άτιον dimin. (Poll.); νομιστός `generally recognized' with νομιστεύομαι `be generally valid' (Plb.), also νομιτεύομαι `id., use' (hell. a. late inscr.; cf. θεμι(σ)-τεύω). -- C. νεμέτωρ, - ορος m. `dispensor (of justice), avenger' (A. Th. 485); νέμησις f., also ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι- etc. from ἀπο-νέμω etc., `distribution' (Is., Arist.); νεμ-ητής = νεμέτωρ (Poll.) with - ήτρια f. (inscr. Rom, IVp); uncertain Νεμήϊος surname of Zeus (Archyt. ap. Stob.); perh. for Νέμειος (from Νεμέα). On νέμεσις s. v. -- D. Deverbatives: νεμέθω, - ομαι `pasture' (Λ 635, Nic.); νωμάω, - ῆσαι also with ἐπι-, ἀμφι-, προσ-, `distribute, maintain, observe' (Il., Hdt.; Schwyzer 719, Risch Gnomon 24, 82) with νώμ-ησις (Pl. Cra. 41 1d), - ήτωρ `distributor, maintainer etc.' (Man., Nonn.).Etymology: The whole Greek system including ablauting νομή, νόμος, νομός is built on the present νέμω. The full grade νεμέ-τωρ, νέμε-σις, νέμη-σις a.o. follow wellknown patterns ( γενέ-τωρ γένε-σις u.a.; but these are disyllabic roots); an agreeing zero grade fails. There never existed a "disyllabic root" e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 11). -- The widespread meanings of νέμω plus derivations provide a problem, which has hardly been definitely solved; Benveniste Noms d'agent 79 rightly stresses the idea of lawfull, regular, which characterizes the verb νέμω ("partager légalement, faire une attribution régulière"). Further lit.: E. Laroche Histoire de la racine nem- en grec ancien (Paris 1949; Études et Comm.VI); on νόμος esp. Stier Phil. 83, 224ff., Pohlenz Phil. 97, 135ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 260, Bolelli Stud. itfilcl. N.S.24, 110f.; on νομή, - ός Wilhelm Glotta 24, 133ff. (ἐν χειρῶν νομῳ̃, - αῖς). -- Of non-Greek words, that are interesting for the etymology, the Germanic verb for `take' agrees best to νέμω, Goth. niman etc.; further Latv. ńęmu, ńem̂t `take' (with secondary palatalisation of the anlaut). One might mention several nouns, which tell nothing for Greek: Av. nǝmah- n. `loan', Lat. numerus `number etc.', OIr. nem f. `gift' (cf. Gift: geben; also δόσις), Lith. nùoma f. `rent' (vowel as in νω-μάω). -- The with νέμω also formally identical verb Skt. námati `bow, bend' can only be combined with uncontrollable hypotheses. After Laroche (s. above) p. 263 νέμω would prop be. `faire le geste de se pencher en tendant la main'. -- Lit. and further details in WP. 2, 330f., Pok. 763 f., W.-Hofmann s. numerus and nummus (from νόμιμος?), also emō, Fraenkel Wb. s. núoma(s), and nãmas, Mayrhofer s. námati. Cf. also νέμος.Page in Frisk: 2, 302Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέμω
-
109 ὀδάξ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `with the teeth, to clench ones teeth' ( ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες α 381 = σ 410 = υ 268; also Com., e.g. Ar. V. 164 διατρώξομαι τοίνυν ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον); perh. in diff. meanings at three places of the Il. (e.g. Λ 749 ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας; cf Χ 17, Β 418), cf. below.Derivatives: Beside it three verbs: 1. ὀδακ-τάζω (Call., A. R.), - τίζω (D. H.) `to bite, to gnaw' (cf. λακτίζω: λάξ); ἀδακτῶ κνήθομαι H. 2. ὀδάξ-ομαι, -ω, - άομαι (- έομαι), - άω, also ἀδάξομαι, - άομαι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. ptc. ὠδαγμένος (S.), aor. ὠδάξατο (AP); ὠδάγμην ἐκνησάμην H. `to scratch oneself, to be itching, to be scratchy, to itch, to scratch, to gnaw'; ὀδάξει τοῖς ὀδοῦσι δάκνει H.; ὀδαγμός (ἀ-, S. Tr. 770), ὀδαξ-ησμός (Hp., Ph., Plu.) `itch', - ητικός (Poll.), - ώδης (Aret.) `scratchy, to cause itch'. -- 3. ἀδαχεῖ `scratches, itches' (Ar. Fr. 410), ἀδαχᾳ̃ κνᾳ̃, κνήθει κεφαλήν, ψηλαφᾳ̃ H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Both ὀδακ-τάζω, - τίζω and ὀδάξει in H. can be derived from ὀδάξ `with the teeth'. But the earlier and better attested ὀδάξ-ομαι, - άομαι as well as ἀδαχ-εῖ, -ᾳ̃ deviate considerably in meaning. As for the oldest attestations of ὀδάξ (Il.) a meaning `with the teeth' is not directly evident (but it seems possible), Bechtel Lex. wants to render ὀδάξ in these places after ὀδάξομαι with `itching, scratching'; agreeing Wackernagel Unt. 157, WP. 1, 791, Hofmann Et. Wb. The later meaning `with the teeth' would have arisen from a folketymological connection with ὀδών and δάκνω. (The connection suggested by Bechtel (after Fick) with Germ., e.g. Os. bi-tengi `nahe an einen rührend' a.o. is not convincing however; cf. WP. l.c.) -- Whether ὀδάξ, if orig. `biting together, with the teeth' (on -ξ cf. λάξ w. lit.), started from ὀδών in connection with δάκνω or, the other way round, from δάκνω in connection with ὀδών, can hardly be decided; cf. beside the lit. in Bq and Bechtel also Güntert Reimwortbildungen 153, Winter Prothet. Vokal 22. Bechtel Lex. and Schwyzer-Debrunner 491 assume a prefix ὀ-, not very convincingly. The forms with ἀ- may rest on vowelassimilation (Schmidt KZ 32, 391 f.); the aspiration in ἀδαχ-ᾳ̃, - εῖ must not be explained as analogical (Schmidt l.c.; rejected by Bechtel). Cf. s.v. ἀδαγμός. So we can conclude that the orig. reading was ἀδαγ-; as the word was less well known, it was at one time replaced by ὀδ-.Page in Frisk: 2,348-349Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀδάξ
-
110 ὀρέγω
ὀρέγω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to reach out (one's hand), to hand, to stretch oneself out, to stretch out for'; on the Hom. use Trümpy Fachausdrücke 118f. Other presentforms: 1. ptc. ὀρεγ-νύς (Α 351, Χ 37), - νύμενος (AP, Mosch.); 2. ὀριγ-νάομαι (Hes. Sc. 190, Herod., Theoc.), with the innovated aor. ὠριγν-ήθην (Antipho Soph., Isoc.), fut. - ήσομαι (D. C.); on ι as stemvowel cf. κίρνημι (s. κεράννυμι w. lit.).Other forms: Aor. ὀρέξαι, - ασθαι, fut. ὀρέξω, - ομαι (Il.), pf. a. plqu. midd. pl. ὀρωρέχαται, - το (Il.), ὤρεγμαι (Hp.), aor. pass. ὀρεχθῆναι (E., X., Hp. Ep.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἐπ-.Derivatives: 1. ὀρεκτός `stretched out' (Β 543, Str.; see Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 20) `desired, longed for' (Arist.) with ὀρεκτ-εῖν ἐπι-θυμεῖν, - ιῶν ἐπιθυμῶν H.; ἀν-όρεκτος `without desire for, undesired' (Arist.; functionally to ὄρεξις) with ἀνορ-εκτέω, - εξία (late). 2. ὄρεγμα n. `the stretching out (e.g. of the hand, also of the foot), step', also as measure of length (A., E., Arist., Tab. Heracl.). 3. ὄρεξις f. `desire, appetency' (Democr., Arist.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 126) with ὀρεκτικός `inclined, prone to desire' (Arist., Arr.), `rousing the appetite' (Dsc.). 4. ὀρέγ-δην `by stretching out' (sch., H.). -- On ὄργυια s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [854] *h₃reǵ- `make straight, direct'Etymology: Exept for init. ὀ-, rather because of the o-colour a prefix than in ὀ-κέλλω a prothesis (diff. Schwyzer 411), ὀρέγω agrees as themat. root-present with Lat. regō `direct straight, lead, direct, govern' and OIr. rigim `stretch out'; also agree, butß for the vowelquantity, ὀρέξαι to Lat. rēxī and ὀρεκτός to rēctus (ē can be secondary length.), to which also Germ., e.g. Goth. raíhts ` recht', Av. rā̆šta- `directed, ordened, straight'. Genetically independent are the formally agreeing ὄρεγμα, Av. rasman- m. n. `line of battle', Lat. reg-i-men n. `leadership'. Whether there is old connection between the isolately attested ptc. ὀρεγ-νύς, - νύμενος and the Av. adj. raš-nu- `straight' is uncertain; the present ὀριγ-νάομαι with suffixed nasal is rather far off from the nasalinfixed Skt. r̥-ñ-játi `stretches itself, runs'. The group presents many forms, presentformations and verbal nouns, which are not useful for the straight and very regular Greek system (on ὀρωρέχαται, - το s. Schwyzer 771). -- WP. 2, 362ff., Pok. 854ff., W.-Hofmann s. regō, w. rich lit.; Ernout-Meillet s. rĕgō with important notes; also Gonda KZ 73, 151 ff. -- (There is no connection with ἀρήγω.)Page in Frisk: 2,412-413Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρέγω
-
111 ὀσφραίνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to smell, to sniff'; rare a. late caus. ὀσφραίνω, also w. ἀπ-, συν-, παρ- a.o., `to give to smell, to make smell' (Gal., Gp.).Other forms: Aor. ὀσφρ-έσθαι (Att.; ὤσφραντο Hdt. 1, 80), fut. ὀσφρ-ήσομαι (Att.), also ὀσφρανθῆναι (Hp., Arist.), - θήσομαι (LXX), younger pres. ὀσφρ-ᾶται (Paus., Luc.), aor. ὠσφρ-ήσαντο, - ήθη (Arat., Ael.).Compounds: Rarely w. περι-, ὑπ-, κατ-. Comp. καπν-οσφράν-της m. "smoke smeller" (Com. Adesp., Alciphr.).Derivatives: 1. ὄσφρ-ησις f. `olfactory sense, olf. organ' (Pl., Arist.), 2. - ασία f. `smell, the smelling' (LXX, Arr.), 3. - ανσις f. `olfactory sense' (Clearch.). 4. backformation ὄσφραι f. pl. `flavours, smell' (Ach. Tat.) with ὀσφράδιον n. `bunch of flowers' (Eust.). 5. ὀσφρ-αντήριος `smelling, sniffing' (Ar.), 6. - αντικός `smelling, able to smell (Arist.), - ητικός `id.' (Gal., D. L.); 7. - αντός (Arist.). - ητός (S. E., Gal.) `smellable'.Etymology: The complex is clearly built after comparable fomations, but the attestations do not allow certains conclusions on their relative chronology. With ὀσφρέσθαι: ὀσφρήσομαι: ὀσφρητός agree the semantically related, much more frequent αἰσθέσθαι: αἰσθήσομαι: αἰσθητός. ὀσφραίνομαι may have followed it after formal examples like ἀλιτέσθαι: ἀλιταίνομαι, βήσομαι: βαίνω, πεφήσεται: φαίνω etc.; further ὀσφρανθῆναι after εὑφρανθῆναι; ὤσφραντο (Hdt.) prob. after ἠνείκαντο a.o. (cf. Wackernagel Verrn. Beitr. 48 = Kl. Schr. 1, 809). So there is no ground to consider the diff. forms as inherited (thus e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 82f.). -- That the initial syllable is connected with ὄζω, ὀδμή, ὀσμή, is since long accepted (s. Curtius 244 w. lit.); since Wackernagel KZ 33, 43 (Kl. Schr. 1, 722) one supposes in it a zero grade σ-stem *ὀδσ- (cf. - ώδης a.o. s. ὄζω). Against W.s further identification of ὀσ-φραίνομιαι with ἀ-, εὑ-φραίνω (to φρήν) speak esp. the non-present forms ὀσ-φρέσθαι, - φρήσασθαι, with which ἀ-, εὑ-φραίνω give nothing comparable. Instead Brugmann (e.g. IF 6, 100ff.) a.o. try to connect Skt. jí-ghr-ati, ghrā-ti `smell', ghrāṇa-m n. `scent, nose' ( = Toch. A krāṃ `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 154). The details remain meanwhile unclear; Schwyzer 644 n. 5 is inclined, with Brugmann4 302 n. 1 a.o. to start from a noun *ὄσ-φρ-ος `detect a smell'; against this with good arguments Debrunner IF 21, 42. -- Older lit. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,438-439Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀσφραίνομαι
-
112 οὑρέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to urinate' (IA. since Hes.).Derivatives: ( ἐξ-, ἀπ-)οὔρησις f. `micturition', - ητήρ m., - ήθρα, ion. -η `urethra', - ημα n. `urine', - ητικός `often urinating, promoting urine' (Hp., Arist.); also as backformation οὖρον n. `urine' (Hdt., Hp., Thphr.), with a.o. δυσουρ-έω `to have difficulties with micturition', - ία f. `difficult micturition' (medic. u.a.) as from *δύσ-ουρος. From οὖρον or οὑρέω: οὑράνη f. `chamber-pot' (A.Fr., S.Fr.), = οὑρητήρ (Poll.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??] *u̯ers- `urinate' [cf. p. 80]Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation *Ϝορσέω to the primary root-pres. in Skt. várṣati `rain' (IE *u̯érseti), euphemistic expression for ὀμείχω (Wackernagel KZ 29, 129 = Kl. Schr. 1, 632); cf. οὑρανός and ἕρση. Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 268f., Pok. 80f., W.-Hofmann s. ūrīna. On ūrīna also Scheller Mus. Helv. 18, 140ff.Page in Frisk: 2,447Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑρέω
-
113 πέρνημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to take for selling, to sell' (Il.).Other forms: πέρναμαι (Il.), aor. περασ(σ)αι (Il., also Aeol. a. Ion. inscr.) w. fut. inf. περάαν (Φ 454), pass. πρᾱθῆναι, Ion. πρηθ-, w. fut. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. πέπρᾱμαι, - ημαι (IA.), w. fut. πεπράσομαι (Ar., X.); as young Att. innovations act. πέπρᾱκα and pres. πιπράσκομαι, later -ω (Thphr. [?], Luc., Plu.), - ήσκω (Call.); further forms: ἔπρησα (Samos VIa; to ἐπήθην), πέρνησον πώλησον H. (from present); πεπερημένος (Φ 58; for πεπρημένος after περάσαι).Derivatives: 1. πρᾶσις, Ion. πρῆσις f. ( διά-, ἀπό- πέρνημι a.o.) `sale' (IA.) with πράσιμος `for sale' (Pl., X.; Arbenz 64 a. 66). 2. ἀπόπραμα n. `sub-letting' (hell. pap.). 3. πρατήρ, Ion. πρη- m. `salesman' (IA.) with - ήριον n. `selling point, market' (Hdt.; hell.); also πράτωρ, - ορος m. `id.' (hell. inscr. a. pap.; προ- πέρνημι Din. a. Is. in Poll.) with πρατορεύω `to act as a salesman' (Tenos IIIa). 4. πράτης, - ου m. `id.' (also συμ-, προ- πέρνημι; Att. orator in Poll., pap.); in late papp. etc. often in compounds like ἐλαιο-, οἰνο-πρά-της; cf. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 43 f. a. 214. 5. πρατικός in -ή, - όν `sales tax', resp. `sale on commission' (pap.).Etymology: The system περᾰ́-σαι: πέ-πρᾱ-μαι, πρᾱ-θῆναι agrees with zu κερᾰ́σαι: κέ-κρᾱ-μαι, κρᾱ-θῆναι; also with πελᾰ́-σαι: πέ-πλη-μαι, πλῆ-το (s. κεράννυμι and πέλας) etc.; to this πέρ-νη-μι, περ-να-μαι with analog. ε for orig. zero grade, which appears in πορνάμεν πωλεῖν, πορνάμεναι πωλούμεναι H. (Aeol.). The antiquity of this present formation is shown by the identical forms in Celt., OIr. renim `sell' (IE *pr̥-neh₂-: *pr̥-nh₂-); cf. κίρνημι, πίλναμαι. Further without exact non-Gr. agreement. The word represents an old branch of the great family of πείρω, πέρᾱ (s. vv.); on the development of the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 203 n. 3, Benveniste BSL 51, 38. -- As present and aor. act. were used for the vanishing πέρνημι, πέρναμαι and περάσαι, esp. in Ion. and Att., other verbs: πωλεῖν ( πωλῆσαι) and ἀποδόσθαι ( ἀποδίδοσθαι), also in fut. πωλήσω and ἀποδώσομαι; s. Chantraine Rev. de phil. 66, 11ff. w. further details a. lit. S. also πόρνη.Page in Frisk: 2,516-517Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέρνημι
-
114 πνί̄γω
πνί̄γωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to limit one's breath, to asphyxiate by squeezing, water or vapour, to choke, to drown, to be drowned', also `to muffle, to smother' (Epich., Sophr., IA.); on the meaning `to drown, to be drowned' Schulze BerlAkSb. 1918, 320ff. = Kl. Schr. 148 ff.Other forms: Aor. πνῖξαι, intr. a. pass. πνῐγ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι, late πνιχθῆναι, perf. midd. πέπνιγμαι.Derivatives: Several nom. actionis: 1. πνῖγος n. `smothery heat' (IA.; opposite ῥῖγος); 2. πνῖγ-μα n. `suffocating' (Hp.), - μός m. `id.' (Hp., X., Arist.) with - μώδης `suffocating' (Hp.), - μονή f. `id.' (Hdn. Epim.: cf. φλεγμονή, πημονή); 3. πνῖξις ( κατά- πνί̄γω) f. `choking, asphyxiation' (Arist., Thphr.), `drowning' ( PMag. Par.); 4. πνίξ, - γός f. `choking, asphyxiation' (Hp., Dsc.; like φρίξ a.o.; Chantraine Form. 2 f.); 5. πνιγετός m. = πνῖγος (Ptol.; H. s. ἀγχόνη); as πυρ-, παγ-ετός; 6. περιπνιγ-ή f. `suffocation' (Vett. Val.). Nom. agentis: 6. πνῐγεύς m. "suffocator", `cover for extinguishing the coals' (Ar., Arist.), `air chamber' (Hero, Ph. Bel.), `muzzle' (com.), prob. analog. from πνίγω, πνῐγῆναι after τρῑ̃βω, τρῐβ-ῆναι: -ή: - εύς a.o.; vgl. Bosshardt 48; 7. πνικτήρ m. `choker, choking' (Nonn.). Further 8. πνιγ-ῖτις (sc. γῆ) `kind of clay' (Dsc., Plin.; Redard 109; prob. from πνῖγος); 9. - αλίων, - ωνος m. `nightmare, incubus' (medic.); like αἰθαλ-ίων: αἰθ-άλη: αἴθω; 10. πνῑ-γηρός `smothery', esp. `smotheryly hot' (Hp., Att.; from πνῖγος or πνίγω); 11. πνῐγόεις `id.' (Nic., AP; ῐ metr. condit.); 12. περι-, συμ-πνῐγ-ής `suffocated' (Nic., J., D.S., after πνῐγ-ῆναι); 13. πνικτός `steamed, smothered' (com.), `airtight' (Hero), `suffocated, choked' ( Act. Ap.); 14. enlarged πνιγ-ίζω `to choke, to strangle' (AP; influenced by πυγ-ίζω).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Popular expressive verb without certain connection; one has thought of a cross of several words. The anlaut reminds of πνέω, the auslaut of φρύγω, φώγω, the vowel of κνίψ a. cogn., also of MLG knīpen (s. Κνίφων), but there is no basis for a certain decision. The comparison with some Germ. words for `snuffle', e.g. OHG fnaskazzen (Fick BB 7, 95 etc.; s. Bq and WP. 2, 85), is both semantically and especially phonetically and formally (πνῑγ- from *pnezg- [with reduced vowel]??; but fnaskazzen to OWNo. fnasa) quite unsatisfactory. -- The short in πνῐγ-ῆναι etc. can be analogal. -- So no etym.; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,567-568Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πνί̄γω
-
115 ῥίπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to throw, to hurl, to thrust, to bolt' (Pi., IA.).Other forms: also ῥιπτέω (IA. since ν 78), iterative pret. ῥίπτασκον (Hom., Hes. Sc., - εσκον Nic. Fr.), fut. ῥίψω, aor. ῥῖψαι (Il.), pass. ῥιφθῆναι, ῥῐφῆναι (Att.) with fut. ῥιφ-θήσομαι (S.), - ήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. ἔρρῑμμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., E., Ar.), ῥερῖφθαι (Pi.; Schwyzer 649), act. ἔρρῑφα (Lys.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἁπο-, ἀνα-, ἐν-, δια-. As 1. member e.g. in ῥίψ-ασπις, - ιδος `throwing the shield away, coward' (Ar., Pl.), - άσπιδος `id.' (Eup.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93.Derivatives: 1. ῥῑπή f. `throw, thrust, gust of wind, sway, press, heavy movement' (ep. Il.) with ῥιπίζω ( δια-, ἐκ- a.o.) `to cause a gust of wind, to kindle, to fan' (Hp., Ar., Arist.), `to hurl' (Hld.), from which ῥίπ-ισις, - ισμός, - ισμα `fanning' (late); from ῥιπή or as backformation ῥιπίς, - ίδος f. `fanner' (com., AP); on εὔ-ρῑπος s. v.; 2. ῥῖψις ( διά-, ἀπό- a.o.) f. `throwing, hurling' (Hp., Att., Arist.) with ( ἀπο-)ῥίψιμος `apt for throwing away' (late; Arbenz 92); also Ϝριψίδας (Mantinea; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5,265); 3. ( δια-)ῥίμματα n. pl. `heavy movements, bolts' (Arion, X.); 4. ῥῐφή ( δια-, ἀπο-) f. `cast, throwing back and forth' (Pratin. Lyr., Lyc.; after ῥῐφῆναι); 5. ῥιπτός `cast, thrown' (S. Tr.), μητρό- ῥίπτω (Dosiad.); 6. ῥιπτικός `able for throwing' (Arist.-comm.); 7. frequent. ῥιπτάζω, - άσαι `to thrust back and forth' (ep. Ξ 257) with - ασμός (Hp., Plu.), - αστικός (M. Ant.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The regular character of the formal system, which is built on an element Ϝρῑπ- (wit secondary shortening Ϝρῐπ-), shows that it is a (relatively) late creation. No convincing agreement outside Greek. The formally agreeing MLG wrīven `rub, wipe, scour, draw', MHG rīben `turn rubbing ' could be connected if we assume a basic meaning `turn' ("rub, throw with a turning movement"; cf. with the last Lat. torqueō); WP. 1, 280, Pok. 1159. A further analysis in u̯r-ī-p- "opens wide perspectives"; NHG werfen (prop. *'turn')not to ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι, ῥάβδος)} s. vv.) etc. S. also ῥίψ. -- An IE *u̯r-iH-p- seems not a very probable structure; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,658-659Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίπτω
-
116 σιωπάω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to be silent, to keep secret', also `to silence' (Hom.).Other forms: Aor. - ῆσαι (Il.), fut. - ήσομαι (Att.), - ήσω (Aeschin., hell. a. late), perf. σεσιώπηκα, pass. σιωπηθῆναι, - ηθήσομαι (Att.).Derivatives: σιωπ-ή f. `silence' (Pi., att.), very often dat. -ῃ̃ `in silence, still' (also Hom.), - ηλός (E., Arist., Call. etc.), - ηρός (X., AP) `silent', - ησις f. (also ἀπο-, παρα-, ὑπο-) `the being silent, muting' (Rhet. a. o.). -- Besides σωπάω in διασωπάσομαι, σεσωπαμένον (Pi.), εὑσωπία ἡσυχία H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: From the broader attested and prob. older (?) σιγάω, σιγή, σῖγα not to be separated; perh. expressive cross with an other word (to Lat. sōpiō etc.?; cf. on ὕπνος). Genetic connection with Germ., e.g. Goth. sweiban `stop, suspend' (Curtius 379 with Fick, Persson BB 19, 265ff. a.o.; s. Bq) assuming an IE variation su̯ii̯ōp-: su̯īp- or a reduplication σι-σϜωπ- (IE su̯ō[i]p-: su̯īp-) is not credible. With Germ. agrees better σίπτα σιώπα Μεσσάπιοι H. -- Cf. on σῖγα w. further lit. -- Beekes, FS Kortlandt, assumes a Pre-Greek form *syōp- (or better *syup-).Page in Frisk: 2,713-714Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σιωπάω
-
117 σκάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa Ia). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. Ip); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IVa)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VIp, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.Page in Frisk: 2,718-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάπτω
-
118 σκύλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: approx. `to lacerate, to tear up, to flay', mostly metaph. `to pester, to tire, to bother, to trouble, to vex', midd.-pass. `to strain', aor. act. `to infest, to plunder' (pap., inscr., NT, late prose; rarely poet.: A., Nic., AP; s. bel.).Derivatives: 1. σκυλ-μός m. `bothering, tribulation' (hell. a. late), `the rending' (sch.) with - μώδης (Vett. Val.); 2. - μα ( κόμης) n. `the tussling, tousling, tousled hair' (AP); 3. σκύλσις θυμός, σάλος, ταραχή H., - τικός (Vett. Val.). -- 4. σκύλος n. ( σκύλα pl. Nic. Th. 422) `stripped hide, skin' (Call., Theoc., AP; cf. δέρμα: δέρω), `nutshell' (Nic.); as 1. member in σκῠλο-δέψης m. `tanner' (Ar.), - ός `id.' (D.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 112f.). Also σκῦλος n. (Herod. 3, 68 with ῦ after σκῦτος, if not miswritten for it). -- On κοσκυλμάτια s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Together with its derivations σκύλλω is esp. known from the later colloquial language and in the metaph. meaning `pester etc.'. Through adaptation to σκῦλον the aor. σκῦλαι got the meaning of `harass, plunder' ( ἱερόν etc.). Similarly ( ἀπο-)σκύλαιο aor. opt. midd. 2. sg. of the hair and head `abrade, uncover' (Nic.), to which further ἔσκυλται ( κόμη) `is teared apart, tousled' (AP); from the older language only pres. σκύλλονται `they are (by the fishes) stripped of their flesh', of the drowned warriors (A. Pers. 577 [lyr.]) and he noun σκῠλο-δέψης; to this with metathesis ξύλλεσθαι = σκύλλεσθαι, συλᾶσθαι ( SIG 56, 3; Argos Va; cf. Schwyzer 329). -- Since long (s. Curtius 169, WP. 2, 591, Pok. 923f.) connected with the group of σκάλλω (s. v.), where υ in σκύλλω would be a reduced vowel (Schwyzer 351) [which is impossible]. Or cross with μιστύλλω and other verbs in - ύλλω ? -- Diff. Persson Beitr. 1, 375 (s. Bq). -- Cf. σκῦλα, - ον, also συλάω.Page in Frisk: 2,742Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκύλλω
-
119 σπείρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sow, to seed', also (esp. w. prefix) `to spread, to scatter, to distribute'.Other forms: Aor. σπεῖραι, fut. σπερῶ, aor. pass. σπαρ-ῆναι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπαρμαι (IA), act. ἔσπαρκα (late.).Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. σπέρμα n. `seed, sowing, stem, sprout' ( ε 490); as 1. member also with transition in the o-stems, e.g. σπερμο-λόγος "picking up corn", `rook' (Ar., Arist. etc.; Schmid Phil. 95, 82), `chatterbox' (D. etc., MLat. spermologus; Silvestre Arch. Lat. Med. Aevi 30, 155 ff.). From it σπερ-μάτιον n. dimin. (Thphr. a. o.), - ματίας ( σικυός) m. `seed bearer' (Cratin.), - ματίτης, - ματῖτις `bearing, bringing forth seed' (late; Redard 102), - ματικός `to hold, to bring forth seed' (Arist. etc.), - ματώδης `seed-like' (late); - μαίνω `to sow, to bring forth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a. o.), - ματίζω `to sow, to bear seed', - ματίζομαι `to be sown, pregnant' with - ματισμός m. (LXX, Thphr.), - ματόομαι `to come to seed' (Thphr.) with - μάτωσις (Phan. Hist.). -- 2. σπέραδος n. = σπέρμα (Nic.; like χέραδος). -- B. With o-ablaut: 1. σπόρος m. `seed, sowing' (Att.) with - ιμος `fit for sowing', τὰ -α `sowing fields' (X.. Thphr., LXX a. o.; Arbenz 46 a. 48). 2. σπορά f. `sowing, seed, procreation, descent' (Trag., Pl., Thphr. a. o.) with - αῖος `sown' (Babr.); often to the prefixcompp., e.g. διασπορά f. `dispersal, exile' (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.). 3. From σπόρος or σπορά: ὁμό-σπορος `of the same seed, kindred' (poet. h. Cer.); σπορ-εύς ( κατα-. δια-) m. `sower, begetter' (X., pap. a.o.; Bosshardt 53). 4. σπορητός m. `sowing, seed' (A., X., Thphr.; after ἀλοητός, ἄμητος a. o.; not with Bosshardt l. c. from *σπορέω). 5. σποράς, - άδος `dispersed' (IA.), αἱ Σποράδες group of islands, with - άδην `dispersed' (Att. etc.), - αδικός `id.' (Arist.), - άσαι aor. `to disperse' (inscr.). 6. ἐπισπορ-ίη f. `after-seed, second seed' (Hes.; ἐπίσπορος A.), περισπόρ-ια n. pl. `suburbs' (LXX). -- C. With zero grade: 1. σπαρ-τός `sown' (A. a. o.); οἱ Σπαρτοί m.. pl. "the sown ones", of the dragonseed of Kadmos (Pi. a.o.); 2. σπαρνός (s. v.).Etymology: As agricultural term for sowing σπείρω belongs exclusively to Greek. In the west, including Balto-Slavic, appear for it representatives of sē-: sh₁- (Lat. sēmen etc.); s. Ernout-Meillet and W.-Hofmann s. 1. serō (cf. also above on ἵημι). Also in the supposedly older meaning `strew' the other languages provide nothing, that can be identified with σπείρω. Nearest cognate Armenian has in sp'iṙ `strews' with sp`r̄em `spread out' and in p`arat `spread out, separated' with p`aratem `spread out, remove' words which, not to speak of the "rolling" r̄ and the vowel (IE ē or i) in sp`iṙ, in anlaut (IE ( s)ph-?) differ from σπείρω. Arm. spar̄nam `threaten' (Meillet BSL 31, 52) differs semantically strongly. The last word leads to the s. σπαίρω adduced Skt. sphuráti, Lat. spernō etc. Thus we retain two IE groups sp(h)er- with the general meaning `strew, sprinkle, spatter' resp. `draw out, kick with the foot, sprawl, (Gm.) hurry', which, cannot well be distinguished and as popular-expressive expressions may have formed the starting point for σπείρω". Cf. the lit. on σπαίρω. -- Hitt. išpar-iya-zi (beside išpar-i) `he folds out, stretches out', wit σπείρω formally comparable, gives some doubts (Benveniste BSL 33, 139).Page in Frisk: 2,762-763Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπείρω
-
120 στυγέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to hate, to detest, to hold back' (ep. poet., Il., Hdt. a. late prose).Other forms: Aor. στυγεῖν (Hom., Call., Nic. a.o.), στύξαι (λ 502 [caus.], A. R., Opp., AP), στυγ-ῆσαι, pass. - ηθῆναι, fut. - ήσομαι (trag.), perf. ἐστύγ-ηκα (Hdt. a.o.), - ημαι (Lyc.), - μαι (H.).Derivatives: στυγ-ητός `hated, detestable' (A. Pr., late prose), - ημα n. `object of hate, detestation' (E. a.o.), ἀπο- στυγέω ησις f. `detestation' (sch.). -- Besides the adj. 1. στυγ-ερός `hated, full of hate, detestable' (ep. poet. Il.). 2. - νός `id.', also `gruesome, sad etc.' (Archil., Hp., trag. etc.) with - νότης f. (hell. a. late), - νία f. (sch.), - νόομαι (also w. κατα-) `to be somber' (AP, H.), - νωσον χώρισον H., - νάζω (also w. δια-, κατα-, συν-) `to be, become overcast' (NT a.o.) with - νασις f. (late). 3. - ιος `hated, detestable' (E., Plu.; cf. on Στύξ below). Subst. 1. στύγος n. `hate, object of hate' (A. a.o.). 2. Στύξ, - γός f. river in the Underworld (Hom. etc.) with adj. Στύγιος (trag. a.o.), name of an Arcadian mountain brook wit icecold water (Hdt., Str., Paus.), also appellat. `hate, detestation' (Alciphr.), pl. `icy cold' (Thphr.); also = σκώψ (Ant. Lib. a.o.). Compp. στυγ-άνωρ `hating men' (A. Pr.), ψευσί-στυξ `hating lies' (AP).Etymology: The rise of the above forms cannot be reconstructed with certainty. Old is in any case the primary suffixless Στύξ; whether the pres. στυγέω or the aor. ἔστυγον was prior cannot be decided, as the latter just like στύξαι can be metrically conditioned; cf. ἔκτυπον s. κτύπος (also Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 347). From στυγέω first στυγη-τός, - μα, prob. also as backformation στύγος (cf. μισέω: μῖσος). The adj. can be explained in diff. ways. -- No certain etymology. As behind the notion `hate' a concrete conception will be hidden and for στύξ the meaning `icy cold, icecold water' is in fact attested (from where στυγέω prop. `shiver'?) it is obvious to connect a synonymous Slav. word: Russ. stýgnutь, stúgnutь `cool down, get cold, freeze', Stugna tributary of the Dniepr. Much less usual are forms with -d-, e.g. Russ. stúda `cold', studítь `cool (down)', OCS studъ also = αἰσχύνη; a Slavic change - dn- to - gn- is perhaps not to be excluded (s. lit. in Vasmer s. stýgnutь). Connection with a verb for `push etc.', e.g. Skt. tujáti, Germ., e.g. NLG stūken, is semantically more difficult to motivate. Further hypotheses (to στύω a.o.) in Bq, WP. 2, 616f. a. 620, Pok. 1033 u. 1035, Vasmer s.vv., also Fraenkel s. 1. stúgti; everywhere w. lit. -- New proposal by v. Windekens Orbis 13, 224 f.: to Toch. B ścono, śconiye `hate' from steu-n-.Page in Frisk: 2,812-813Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στυγέω
См. также в других словарях:
.ήσομαι — ἥσομαι , ἥδομαι swad aor subj mid 1st sg (epic) ἥσομαι , ἵημι Ja c io fut ind mid 1st sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἥσομαι — ἥδομαι swad aor subj mid 1st sg (epic) ἵημι Ja c io fut ind mid 1st sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
πλήττω — και πλήσσω ΝΜΑ καταφέρω πλήγμα, χτυπώ κάποιον με κάτι νεοελλ. 1. τραυματίζω, πληγώνω 2. καταλαμβάνομαι από ανία, αισθάνομαι πλήξη, βαριέμαι 3. στενοχωριέμαι, μελαγχολώ 4. μτφ. πληγώνω ψυχικώς («τὸν έπληξε μεγάλη συμφορά») αρχ. 1. (για τον Δία)… … Dictionary of Greek
συντακής — ές, Α ασθματικός ή φυματικός. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < θ. συντακ τού ρ. συντήκομαι «εξαφανίζομαι, διαλύομαι», πρβλ. μέλλ. συντακ ήσομαι (πρβλ. ψυχο τακής)] … Dictionary of Greek
ἰήσομαι — ἰάομαι j aor subj mp 1st sg (attic epic ionic) ἰάομαι j fut ind mp 1st sg (attic ionic) ἰ̱ήσομαι , ἰάομαι j futperf ind mp 1st sg (attic ionic) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)