Reimwortbildungen

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `earth' (Il.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: By some considered identical with αἶα 2. (Brugmann IF 15, 94ff., 29, 206ff.), orig. `mother'. The relation with γαῖα and μαῖα is uncertain; cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 126f., Brandenstein Fs. Debrunner 1954, 80. vW.: \< *as-ya from * h₂s- `dry' ( ἄζω).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `wagon with four wheels' (Il.). Synonym of ἅμαξα, Delebecque Cheval 174f.

Other forms: πήνα· ἀπήνη H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Unknown. The first question is the relation with πήνα ἀπήνη H.; apocopated acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 45; thus Fur. 374: the analysis must be ἀπ-ηνη; but rejected by Winter Prothet. Vokal 13 (if the ἀ- is a proth. vowel, the word would be a substr. word). Then there is the synonym καπᾱ́νᾱ (Xenarch. 11, Thess.), s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 152; the agreement is remarkable, the word is hardly IE. Fur. 224 n. 96 compares γάπος ὄχημα. Τυρρηνοί H. He also adduces (285) λαμπήνη id. (with λαπίνη, which shows prenasalization; on λ\/zero see Fur. 392). Further one has compared ἀμανάν ἅμαξαν H. There is also Myc. apenewo, which would be drawing animals; but ἀπήνη will have -ᾱνᾱ. Bănăt̨eanu REIE 3, 141 thought the word is Anatolian (which amounts to saying that it is a substr. word), which DELG considers possible (but not because ἄμαξα is IE, q.v.!); Szemerényi, JHS 94 (1974) 149f. thought it could be Semitic. - The comparison with καπάνα is the most convincing and shows foreign (substr.) origin (κ-\/zero Fur. 391f.).

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `rattle, ring' of armour, teeth (Il.).

Derivatives: Denom. ἀραβέω `rattle, ring' (Il.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Same suffix in θόρυβος, κόναβος etc. (Chantr. Form. 260), for the stem cf. ἄραδος, ἀράζω. Onomatopoetic?; s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 145f. Fur. 142 compares ἀροπῆσαι πατῆσαι H., which shows substr. origin (as Fur. remarks, a word can be both onomat. and a substr. loan).

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `hollow tube, pipe, flute' (Il.). Also `cow-ban, Cicuta virosa'.

Derivatives: αὐλών m. f. `defile, glen' (Hdt.); on - ών s. Schwyzer 488, Chantr. Form.164; - αὐλωτός `with pipes' (A.). - Denom. verb αὐλέω `blow (a flute)' (Alcm.), αὐλητής (Ion.-Att.) - αὖλιξ (cod. αὐλίξ) φλέψ H., cf. χόλιξ, Baunack Philol. 70, 361, for water. - On the meaning of αὐλῶπις, epith. of the helmet (Il.), s. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 44. - αὐλωπίας a fish, kind of tunny?, = ἀνθίας? (Thompson, Fishes 20).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [88] * h₂eu-l- `pipe'

Etymology: Several cognates: Lith. aũlas m. `leg of a boot', NNorw. aul `hollow stalk of Angelica', perh. also Lat. alvus `cavity' (with metathesis). Further OCS. ulica f. `small lane, Gasse'. Uncertain Arm. uɫ, uɫi `road'. If ONo. huann-jōli `the hollow stalk of Angelica' has ēu it cannot belong here (if IE).. - Cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 154 (on αὑλός: Lith. aũlas, καυλός: Lit. káulas). S. also ἔναυλος.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `boast' (Hdt.).

Compounds: κενε-αυχής `idle boasting' (Il.)

Derivatives: αὔχη `boasting, pride' (Pi.; αὑχάν καύχησιν H.; wrong Güntert Reimwortbildungen 153f.)

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Unexplained. Not from εὔχομαι with Chantr. Adontz, Mél. Boisacq 1, 10 derives the word from αὐχήν, as `keep one's neck proudly'. Fur. 391 considers non-IE origin, with καυχάομαι. (Elicegui, Emer. 37 (1969) 194 also connects καυχ-, assuming a laryngeal, which seems impossible: a laryngeal does not give k-.) Rather from a Pre-Gr. uvular, Beekes Pre-Gr.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `moustache' (Antiph. 44.4 ap. Ath. 4, 143a)

Other forms: Cf. βύσταγα πώγωνα H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Explained as a reshaping of μύσταξ after βυνέω (comparing βῦσαι ἐπιθεῖναι, φορτῶσαι, κρύψαι H.), which is most improbable. Acc. to Güntert Reimwortbildungen 128 a foreign word. Evidently a Pre-Gr. word with β\/μ (Fur. 116, 218; cf. κ\/γ); see the further variants s.v. μύσταξ. A typical example where the evidence for Pre-Gr. origin is explained away by all kinds of analogies and influences.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `curved, crooked' (Ar.)

Compounds: γαμψῶνυξ (Il.), γαμψώνυχος (Epich.) `w. curved claws'.

Derivatives: γαμψόομαι (Arist.), γαμψωλή (H.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: It seems evident to connect γνάμπτω (q. v.). The absence of the - ν- was explained as dissimilation, if γαμψός is a backformation from γαμψώνυχ(ο)- (Leumann Hom. Wörter 156); this is improbable and must be rejected. (It is an explanation to avoid certain conclusions; we should rather explain these conclusions). Nor a contamination of γνάμπτω and κάμπτω (Güntert Reimwortbildungen 115f.). I think we rather have to connect (a variant of) κάμπτω. Also, the question remains about the relation between κάμπτω and γνάμπτω. I think all these words are Pre-Greek; s.vv.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `hook-nosed, curved' (Pl.).

Derivatives: γρυπότης (X.). Denom. γρυπόομαι `get curbed, of nails' (Hp.), γρύπωσις (medi.); γρύπτω, γρυπαίνω and, γρυμπαίνειν γρυποῦσθαι, συγκάμπτειν H. Thematic aorist ἔγρυπον (like ἔκτυπον) `become wrinkled', of the earth in an earthquake' (Melanth. Hist. 1); thus γᾶν ἐγρυμμέναν (Gortyn); idem γρυπανίζω (Antiph. Soph.) and γρυπάνιος (ib.); γρυπάλιον γερόντιον. η γρυπάνιον H. γρυπνόν στυγνόν (s. DELG) - Root noun γρῡ́ψ, - πός m. the mythological `griffin' (Aristeas ap. Hdt., A.), later the real `Lämmergeier' (LXX); cf. γύψ, σκώψ, γλαῦξ; also γρῦπαι αἱ νεοσσιαὶ τῶν γυπῶν. οἱ δε γῦπαι H. - γρυβός γρυψ H. after the nouns in - βος? (Chantr. Form. 261). Metaph. γρῦπες μέρος τῶν τῆς νεὼς σκευῶν καὶ ἄγκυραι H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: A connection with OE crumb, OHG krump ` krumm' is not very probable (the nasal difficult). The nasal in γρυμπαίνω could be Pre-Greek prenasalization but may be of Greek origin. The long u is difficult for IE (requires *- uH-). - Güntert Reimwortbildungen 132f. thought that γρύψ was γύψ influenced by γρυπός; which is not convincing. Grimme Glotta 14, 17 assumed a loan from Akkadian ( karūbu `griffin, cherub'; cf. Hebr. k^erūb and Lewy Fremdw. 11f.) through Hittite. From the archaeological perspective origin in Asia Mindor (and the Near East: Elam) is very probable; DNP s.v. Greif; Hemmerdinger Glotta 48 (1970) 51f. (but not toAkk. karūbu); Wild, SBWien 241\/4 (1963) 3-28. It is not certain that γρύψ is related to γρυπός. The adjective makes the impression of a Pre-Greek word ( γρυμπ-) and this will be true of the mythical bird as well (whatever it ultimate origin); note γρυβός, which may well show Pre-Greek alternation. Fur. 175 assumes more variations on the basis of the Latin forms. Note also γρῦνος γρύψ H., which fits in Furnée's system as showing π\/F (236).- Through Lat. gryphus the word came in the WEur. languages (griffin. Greif).

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `sleep' (Sapph. 83), ἔδαυσεν ἐκοιμήθη; ἀδαύως ἐγρηγόρως H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Improbable Güntert Reimwortbildungen 163. Not better Bechtel Dial. 1, 118: to Skt. doṣā́ `evening'. Cf. on δείελος.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `darkness' (Simon.).

Other forms: Hell. has γνόφος etc. (s. v.) with δν \> γν (Schwyzer 208, Niedermann WuS 8, 64 n. 1; Bq. s. v.; Lejeune Traité de phonétique 68 n. 1).

Compounds: Comp. δνοφο-είμων `in dark clothes' (Attica II^p).

Derivatives: δνοφερός `dark' (Il.), also δνόφεος (B.), δνοφόεις (Emp.), δνοφώδης (E.), cf. Schmid -εος und -ειος 48.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: A form *δνέφος n. is supposed by ἰο-δνεφής `violet-dark' (δ 135, ι 426; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 300); further isolated. The word recalls ζόφος as well as κνέφας and ψέφας (s. vv.), but the words have not been explained, s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 112ff. Also Petersen AmJPh 56, 57ff. Note δνόψ χιτῶνος εἶδος βαθέος H. Again the group δν- seems Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `lament, bewail' (trag.);

Derivatives: πάν-δυρ-τος `wailing about everything' (trag. in lyr.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: A variant of ὀδύρομαι, perhaps after μύρομαι (Güntert Reimwortbildungen 150).

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `drip, spill', Med. `trickle down' (Il.).

Other forms: mostly κατ-είβω, - ομαι; only present.

Derivatives: Beside it (Itacismus or Ablaut?) ἰβάνη κάδος, ἀντλητήριον; ἴβανον κάδον, σταμνίον, χαλκίον with ἰβανεῖ (for -ᾳ̃?) ἀντλεῖ, and ἰβανατρίς ἱμητήριον H.; also ἴβδης `peg to let out the water' (Eust.), cf. Solmsen Wortforschung 67, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 175 n. 1.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Cross of λείβω and ἰκμάς (s. v.) with *εἴκω? S. Güntert, Reimwortbildungen 148, Walleser WuS 14, 165f., Bq. Rather improbable guesses.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `skin' (Nic. Al. 248, Th. 376).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Riming to the better known στέρφος, τέρφος `id.' (A. R., Nic. etc.); further unclear. A suggestion by H. Petersson in WP. 1, 291. - A cross of στέρφος and ἔριον? Thus Güntert Reimwortbildungen 139f.: ἔρφος younger reshaping resp. assimilation of ( σ)τέρφος to *ἔρεφος from ἐρέφω `cover with a roof'?

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `little, small', in the Il. only with the negation οὑδ' ἠβαιόν `not even a little' (5 times), οὑδ' ἠβαιαί (Ξ 141), later also without negation (ι 462, Opp.).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]

Etymology: Acc. to Leumann Hom. Wörter 50 (thus already Fick 1, 397; s. Bq) arisen through false word division from οὑ δη βαιόν (perhaps οὑδε βαιόν). A prefix ἠ- (Brugmann Grundr.² 2, 2, 817, Prellwitz Glotta 19, 126; s. also Winter Prothet. Vokal 47) is improbable. Wrong Güntert Reimwortbildungen 135ff. (to ἥβη).

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `press, bruise' (ρ 221).

Other forms: aor. θλῖψαι,

Compounds: often with prefix, ἐκ-, συν-, ἐν-, ἀπο- a. o.,

Derivatives: ( ἔκ- etc.) θλῖψις `pressure' (Arist.), θλιμμός `id.' (LXX, Aq.), ἔκ-, ἀπό-θλιμμα `what is pressed out, sap' (Hp.), ( ἐκ-)θλιβή `pressure' (LXX, Gal.) with θλιβερός (Paul. Aeg.), θλιβώδης (Aq.); θλιβίας = θλαδίας (Str.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: From θλάω and φλίβω (also τρίβω?) through crossing? Walde IF 19, 105, Güntert Reimwortbildungen 149.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wood-worm' (Thphr., Men.).

Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θριπ-ήδεστος `eatrn by wood-worms' (Ar., Hyp., Att. inscr.; from ἐδεστός with compos. lengthening);

Derivatives: θριπώδης with θριπωδέστατος `full of wood-worms' (Thphr. HP 3, 8, 5; v. l. θριπηδέστατος). Cf. ἴψ, κνίψ, σκνίψ. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 134f. assunes transformation after these words for *θρύψ, to θρύπτω `crumble, rub'. (Influence of θραύω and θρίσαι?), for which there is not sufficient reason.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: IE etymology by Meringer IF 18, 235, Petersson IF 23, 396f.; s. Bq; acc. to v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 26 Pelasgian for *τρίψ (to τρίβω). Gil Fernandez, Nombres de Insectos, 114f. - Prob. a Pre-Greek word.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wood-worm' (Thphr., Men.).

Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θριπ-ήδεστος `eatrn by wood-worms' (Ar., Hyp., Att. inscr.; from ἐδεστός with compos. lengthening);

Derivatives: θριπώδης with θριπωδέστατος `full of wood-worms' (Thphr. HP 3, 8, 5; v. l. θριπηδέστατος). Cf. ἴψ, κνίψ, σκνίψ. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 134f. assunes transformation after these words for *θρύψ, to θρύπτω `crumble, rub'. (Influence of θραύω and θρίσαι?), for which there is not sufficient reason.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: IE etymology by Meringer IF 18, 235, Petersson IF 23, 396f.; s. Bq; acc. to v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 26 Pelasgian for *τρίψ (to τρίβω). Gil Fernandez, Nombres de Insectos, 114f. - Prob. a Pre-Greek word.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `mortar' (Sol., Com., AP)

Other forms: Also ἴγδη f. (Hdn. Gr., Hp.)

Derivatives: Diminutive ἰγδίον (Gp., Paul. Aeg.) and the verbal noun ἴγδισμα (as from *ἰγδίζω `pound the mortar'), (also) name of a dance (EM, Suid.; cf. Lawler ClassJourn. 43, 34).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The form resembles λίγδος `mortar' (Güntert Reimwortbildungen 158). If not a LW [loanword], which is quite possible for a technical term. (Hardly to ἴκταρ, ἴξ (s. vv.) nor to αἰχμη (s.v.). - Fur. 351 thinks it is Pre-Greek (note - γδ-); on λ-\/zero Fur. 392, 7.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `bad, awful, worthless' (Il.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member (opposion to εὖ); also as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-κακος `who does not know what is bad, unguilty' (bahuvrihi; Sapph., A.); also ἀ-κάκᾱς (Dor.) adjunct of Hades (Megara), of Dareios (A. Pers. 855 [lyr.]), cf. Chantraine Formation 28 (hardly correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 187 n. 2).

Derivatives:. Comp forms: κακώτερος (Il.), κακίων, κάκιστος (Il.; after ἄριστος, Seiler 100f.; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 259). Abstracts: 1. κακότης `badness' (Il.); 2. κακία `id.' (Thgn., Att.; on κακότης: κακία Porzig Satzinhalte 212); 3. κάκη `bad character, cowardice' (A., E.); after πάθη, βλάβη, cf. Frisk Eranos 43, 221; as 2. member in στομα-κάκη a disease of mouth and teeth (Str., Plin.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. κακίζω `revile', - ίζομαι `behave badly, be coward' (Il.) with κακισμός (Phld., Str.), κάκισις (Vett. Val.) `scorn'; 2. κακόω `do wrong, damage,' (Il.) with κάκωσις `maltreat, damage' (IA.), κακωτής `damager', κακωτικός `damaging, harmful' (Ph., Vett. Val.); 3. κακύνομαι, - ύνω `prove bad, cowardly, damage' (E., Pl.; Schwyzer 733).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown] (PGX)

Etymology: No clear etymology, originally no doubt an expressive word of the (lower) popular language. Often compared with κακκάω (Prellwitz, Güntert Reimwortbildungen 83); even less probable or quite impossible proposals in Bq; see Scheftelowitz ZII 6, 119. - New Phryg. κακο(υ)ν is a Greek LW [loanword], Solmsen KZ 34, 52 n. 4, Hirt Idg. 2, 596; diff. Meillet MSL 15, 340. Is it Pre-Greek?

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `roll about, wallow' (IA.) mit καλινδήθρα `place for horses to roll' (Ael.), καλίνδησις name of a throw of the dice' (Alciphr.).

Other forms: only present-stem.

Compounds: also with ἐν-, προ-, προσ-, συν-,

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Here the aorist δια-καλῖσαι (not quite certain) `transport by rolling' ( SIG ² 587, 158) with διακάλισις (Hermione); also ἐσ- and παρ-κάλισις (Epid.); but cf. on κᾶλον. - Cf. ἀλινδέομαι and κυλινδέομαι (Güntert Reimwortbildungen 131f.). Fur. reminds of κ\/zero in Pre-Greek (391).

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