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1 συνήθης
usualΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > συνήθης
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2 ἔθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `custom, usage' (Ion.-Att.).Derivatives: Old only ἐθάς m. f. `usual' (Hp., Th.); late ἔθιμος `usual' (Amorgos Ia, D. S. etc.; after νόμιμος, Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 99), ἐθικός `usual' (Plu.), ἐθήμων `id.' (Musae.) with ἐθημο-λογέω `collect as usual' (AP), ἐθημοσύνη (H., Suid.). Denomin. verb ἐθίζω (not with Schwyzer 716 from *ἔθω, s. ἔθων and εἴωθα) with ἔθισμα `usage' (Pl.), ἐθισμός `custom' (Arist.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [883] *su̯edʰ- `own character'?Etymology: If one assumes *Ϝέθος from IE *su̯édhos (with dissimilation) one can compare Skt. svadhā,́ `use, own character'. Further there is the Germ. word for `custom', Goth. sidus m. etc., which will go back on IE * sedhu-. Also Lat. sodālis `comrade' as *su̯edhālis (su̯odh-) has been compared. The basis of su̯edh-, sedh- can be the reflexive *s(u̯)e (s. ἕ, ἑ); "das erweiternde dh wird gewöhnlich, aber ganz willkürlich, mit dem Wort für `setzen, tun' (s. τίθημι) identifiziert" (Frisk). - See εἴωθα, ἦθος, aslo ἔτης and ἕταρος.Page in Frisk: 1,449Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔθος
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3 προσφωνηματικών
προσφωνηματικόςusual in addressing: fem gen plπροσφωνηματικόςusual in addressing: masc /neut gen pl -
4 προσφωνηματικῶν
προσφωνηματικόςusual in addressing: fem gen plπροσφωνηματικόςusual in addressing: masc /neut gen pl -
5 προσφωνηματικόν
προσφωνηματικόςusual in addressing: masc acc sgπροσφωνηματικόςusual in addressing: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
6 συνήθης
συνήθης, ες, gen. εος, [var] contr. ους, gen. pl. συνηθέων, [var] contr. συνηθῶν (or συνήθων, Hdn.Gr.1.428):—A dwelling or living together, accustomed or used to each other,συνήθεες ἀλλήλῃσιν Hes.Th. 230
; like each other in habits, Th.1.71; συνήθεις καὶ γνώριμοι acquaintances, Pl.R. 375e, cf. Arist.EN 1126b25; φίλοι καὶ ς. Philem.213.13; σ. τινί well-acquainted or intimate with one, Pl.Cri. 43a, La. 188a, Men.Pk. 258: less freq. as Subst., friend, intimate, Phld.Rh.1.332 S., etc.: c. gen., D.S.19.47, Plu.Num.1.II habituated, accustomed, ;σώματα πᾶσι ποτοῖς καὶ πόνοις σ. γιγνόμενα Id.Lg. 797e
; of animals, χειρὶ σ., = χειροήθης, AP9.287 (Apollonid.): abs., τὰ σύντροφα καὶ ς. those reared and bred with him, Arist.HA 629b11; οἱ σ. τόποι their wonted haunts, ib. 596b29: c. inf.,σ. ᾄδειν γενόμενοι Pl.Lg. 666d
.2 of things, habitual, customary, usual, ἔθος, πότμος, S.Ph. 894, Tr.88; σ. ὄμμα a customary vision, Id.El. 903, cf. Hp.Aph. 2.49;δίαιτα Th.1.6
;σημεῖα τῷ γένει -έστερα And.2.26
; τὸ ξ. ἥσυχον your habitual quietness, Th.6.34; τὸ ξ. φοβερόν ib.55;σύνηθες αἰεὶ ταῦτα βαστάζειν ἐμοί E.Alc.40
, cf. Arist.Pol. 1295b17;διὰ τὸ μὴ σ. νομοθέτῃ Pl.Lg. 739a
: τὸ ς. the customary, X.Mem.3.14.6; custom, Arist.Rh. 1369b16, al.; τὸ τῆς ἑορτῆς ς. Pl.Ti. 21b; of language, in common use, A.D.Pron.45.1, al.; τὸ ς. usage, Id.Adv.178.28.3 according to common usage, opp. τοπικῶς, Sch.Th.Oxy.853 xiii 4; ἡ σ. νοουμένη οἰκονομία as commonly conceived, Phld.Oec.p.29 J.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνήθης
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7 ταχύς
I of motion, swift, fleet, opp. βραδύς,1 of persons and animals, either abs., Il.18.69, etc.; or more fully,πόδας ταχύς 13.249
, 482, 17.709, etc.;ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν Od.17.308
; θείειν τ. Il.16.186, Od.3.112; κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος, Il.3.26, 8.248, 17.676, 23.347, etc.;οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον 24.292
, cf. Od.15.526; τ. βαδιστής a quick walker, E.Med. 1182; σφοδροὶ καὶ τ. X.Cyr.2.1.31.2 of things,τ. πόδες Il.6.514
, cf. Od.13.261, etc.; τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί, Il.4.94, Od.22.3, etc.; ;- ύτατα ἅρματα Pi.O.1.77
; νῆες, τριήρεις, Hdt.8.23, Th.6.43, etc.; [ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ E. Ion 742
.II of thought and purpose, quick, hasty, : c. inf., βλάπτειν τ. Ar.Ra. 1428;τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον Th.1.132
, cf. 118, Luc. Dem.Enc.12; alsoτ. πρὸς ὀργήν Plu.Cat.Mi.1
; τὸ ταχύ speed, haste, E.Ph. 452, X.Eq.7.18, etc.2 of actions, events, etc., rapid, sudden, ; ᾅδης, μόρος, E.Hipp. 1047, Mosch.3.26;πόλεμος Th.4.55
, 6.45;φυγή Id.4.44
; ; short, τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, Pi.P.1.83;ἐπαυρέσεις Th.2.53
; ;ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ S.OC 1602
; τ. διήγησις short, rapid, Arist. Rh. 1416b30.B Adv.,1 regul. τᾰχέως, quickly, opp. βραδέως, Il.23.365, Hes.Th. 103, etc.:—rarely in sense perhaps (cf.τάχα 11
), Plb.16.25.8.2 the Adv. is also expressed by periphr., διὰ ταχέων in haste, Th.1.80, 3.13, Pl.Ap. 32d, X.An.1.5.9;ἐκ ταχείας S.Tr. 395
; cf.τάχος 11
.3 neut. ταχύ as Adv., Pi.P.10.51, N.1.51, S.Ph. 349, E.HF 885 (lyr.), Ar.Eq. 109, Gal.16.665, etc.; ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ. Sammelb. 4321.21, BGU956.3 (both iii A.D.); ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ. Arch.Pap.5.393 (ii A.D.); also τάχα (q.v.).4 the Adj. ταχύς is freq. construed with Verbs, where we should use the Adv.,ταχέες δ' ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν Il.23.287
;ταχεῖά γ' ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις A.Pers. 739
;ὁρμάσθω ταχύς S.Ph. 526
; δεῦρ' ἀφίξεται τ. Id.OC 307;τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ Id.Aj. 1266
, cf. Th.2.75, 5.66.C Degrees of Comparison:I [comp] Comp.:1 the form [full] τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, is used by Hdt., , cf. 7.194; also in Arist.Mu. 394b3, Arr.Ind.9.6, Aret.SD1.16, but not in good [dialect] Att.; ταχύτερον as Adv., Hdt.4.127, 9.101, Hp. Prog.17.2 the more usual form is [full] θάσσων, neut. θᾶσσον, gen. ονος, [dialect] Att. [full] θάττων, neut. θᾶττον, Il.15.570, 13.819 (elsewh. only neut. in Hom.), etc.:—neut. as Adv., freq. in Hom., Od.2.307, al.; θᾶσσον ἂν.. κλύοιμι sooner, i.e. rather, would I hear, S.Ph. 631; θᾶσσον also often stands for the Positive, Il.2.440, Od.15.201, 16.130, Pi.P.4.181, Ar.Nu. 506, V. 187, Ra.94; οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσεις; i.e. make haste and bring, S.Tr. 1183, cf. OT 430; θᾶττον νοήματος quicker than thought, X.Mem.4.3.13, cf. Ar.V. 824, etc.; with a Conj., ὅτι θᾶσσον, like ὅτι τάχιστα, Theoc.24.48; ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν as soon as.., D.54.5;ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις Pl.Prt. 325c
;ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ κόκκυξ Arist.HA 563b17
, cf. 611a5; ἐὰν or ἢν θ. as soon as.., X.Cyr.3.3.20, An.6.5.20, Pl.Alc.1.105a; ἂν θ. Men. Pk. 174; εἰ θ. Pl.Ep. 324b; ὡς θ. Plb.1.66.1, 3.82.1; θ. rarely = sooner than, before, ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ. Aristid. Or.51 (27).13 (cf. τάχιον infr. 3).3 the form [full] ταχίων [pron. full] [ῑ], neut. ιον, is freq. in late Prose, as LXX Wi.13.9, 1 Ma.2.40, Ph.Bel.69.14, 17, 73.23, Gem.1.20, D.H.6.42, D.S.20.6, J. (v. infr.), Plu.2.240d, Ev.Jo. 20.4, Alciphr.3.4; also in Hp.Mul.1.1, Men.402.16; but condemned by Phryn.58, Hdn.Philet.p.436 P.; τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν earlier, sooner, Gal.19.206:—Adv. τάχιον earlier, πλέεται.. περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα.., οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ. Peripl.M.Rubr. 24; τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως sooner than they had promised, Rev.Ét.Gr. 6.159 ([place name] Iasus);τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος J.BJ4.4.2
;εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων Id.AJ1.3.7
;ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα Sor. 1.20
, cf. 48, al.; formerly,ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον,.. τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον IGRom.3.639
(Lycia, ii A.D.), cf. 4.1517 ([place name] Sardis), 1632.14 ([place name] Philadelphia), 1665.5 ([place name] Tira), Keil-Premerstein Dritter Bericht p.79 (iii A.D.), Hermes 63.229 ([place name] Callatis); cf. supr. 2 fin.II [comp] Sup.:1 the form [full] ταχύτατος is rare,ταχύτατα ἅρματα Pi.O.1.77
; ταχύτατα as Adv., X.HG5.1.27 codd., Antiph.87 codd.; but both passages have been corrected.2 the usual form is [full] τάχιστος, η, ον, used by Hom. only in neut. pl. τάχιστα as Adv., most quickly, most speedily, ὅττι τάχιστα as soon as may be, as soon as possible, Il.4.193, 9.659, al.;ὅτι τάχιστα S.OT 1341
(lyr.), Th.3.31, etc.; so ὅσον τ. A.Ch. 772, S. OT 1436, etc.; ᾳ (prob.) τ. Pi.O.13.79; ὅπως τ. A.Ag. 605, S.OT 1410, Ar.V. 167; ὡς τ. IG12.76.23, Hdt.1.210, Th.4.15, E.Rh. 147, X.An.1.3.14: these are ellipt. phrases, as may be seen from the foll. examples,ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα Pl.Lg. 710b
, X.Cyr. 5.4.3; ᾗ δυνατὸν τ. Id.HG6.3.6; ὡς or ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ. Id.Cyr.3.2.14, An.1.2.4; ὡς δύναιτο τ. Hdt.1.79; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. X.HG4.1.38, Cyr.7.1.9, cf. IG12.106.18.b τάχιστα after Particles of Time, as soon as, ἐπεὶ ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεί τε) , Hdt.1.27,75, 7.163, X.An.7.2.6, PCair.Zen.34.12 (iii B.C.); ἐπειδὴ τ. Pl.Prt. 310d, Is.9.3, D.27.16, etc.; ἐπεὰν τ. Hdt.4.134, 7.129, 8.144; ἐπὰν τ. X.An.4.6.9; ἐπειδὰν τ. Id.Cyr.1.3.14, An.3.1.9; ὅταν τ. Id.Cyr.4.5.33: also ὡς τ. separated by one or more words,ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε Hdt.1.11
, cf. 19, 47,65, al., X.Cyr.1.3.2, Mem.1.2.16, al.;ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε.. κόρον ἔτεκε IG42(1).121.4
(Epid., iv B.C.);ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον Men.Pk. 287
;ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν PCair.Zen.241.1
(iii B.C.); but ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας ib.472.7 (iii B.C.); ὅπως τ. A.Pr. 230:—the same notion is sometimes expressed by the part., ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα, = ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ., Plu.Dem.8, cf. 25.3 freq. also in Prose, τὴν ταχίστην (in full,τὴν τ. ὁδόν X.An.1.2.20
, Luc.Rh.Pr.4 ) as Adv., by the quickest way, i.e. most quickly, Hdt. 1.24,73,81,86, Hyp.Eux.7, Men. Pk.75, Plb.1.33.4, etc. (Cf. Lith. (dial.) deñgti, Lett. diêgt, both = 'run quickly', Polish dążyć 'hurry'.) -
8 ἐχυρός
A = ὀχυρός, strong, secure, λιμήν, χωρία, Th.4.8, X.Cyr.2.4.13;ἀπὸ ἐχυροῦ ποθέν Th.1.90
; ἐν τῷ ἐχυρῷ εἶναι to be in safety, Id.7.77;ἐν -ωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαί τι X.Cyr.1.6.26
.2 of arguments, etc., strong,λόγος Th.3.83
;ἐλπίς Id.7.41
; ἐχυρὰ παρέχεσθαι to give good reasons, Id.1.32;τὴν τόλμαν.. -ωτέραν παρέχεσθαι Id.2.62
; -ωτέρα δύναμις Id.1.42
;τοῦτο ὁ φόβος ἐχυρὸν παρεῖχε Id.3.12
;ἀποδείξεις -ώταται Ph.1.420
.3 of persons, ἐ. πρὸς τοὺς καλούς proof against, Plu.Sol.1.II Adv. -ρῶς Th.5.26
: [comp] Comp. - ώτερον Id.8.24. ( ὀχυρός is v.l. in A.Pers.78, 89 (lyr.), and is the usual form in Plb., exc. 2.30.6; but ἐχυρός is usual in Ph., as 1.257, al.) -
9 ὁ
ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,A demonstr. Pronoun.B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dualτοῖιν Od.18.34
, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ;οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404
(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ;τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11
;τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18
;τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e
;τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e
;τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75
(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484,ταῖν Lys.19.17
, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., (Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun,αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105
;τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186
, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it,ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12
, al.III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ;θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43
, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter, the former,Pl.
Prt. 359e, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts,ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595
;τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d
, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition,ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28
, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ;πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c
; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg.,ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6
: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν orὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317
-19, cf. 116 ;τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102
, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. ;τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b
;οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a
, etc.3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite,ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41
;νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c
, cf. Phlb. 13c.4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a correspondingὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3
, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. byἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304
; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ;τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843
, etc. ;ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205
(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf.μέν D.
III ;γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d
, cf. Tht. 181d.6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause,τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491
;τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3
, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87
;ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6
: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν andδέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417
;ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439
;οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e
.VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v.ὅς A.
II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc.,καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt.,καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61
, al.2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such,τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b
: but mostly in acc.,καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23
, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ;τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141
, cf. 9.68 ;τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243
; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, , cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.;τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53
; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.VIII abs. usages of single cases,1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose,τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12
.b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ;τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46
; :—only poet.c of Manner, in this way, thus,Od.
8.510.d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: withoutμέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48
.e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose,τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d
, Sph. 230b.b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6),τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37
;τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89
; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; alsoτὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14
;τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90
: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause,τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107
,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.;ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32
, cf. A.Eu. 462 ;τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59
.c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs.,ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90
, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.;ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71
; : in late Prose, also with Positives,ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47
codd.; withπάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19
, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., the hindmost man,Il.
11.178 ;τὸν ἄριστον 17.80
;τὸν δύστηνον 22.59
;τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325
; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also inτῶν ἄλλων 2.674
, al.: with Advs.,τὸ πρίν 24.543
, al.;τὸ πάρος περ 17.720
;τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583
; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ;τὰ πρῶτα 1.6
,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ;ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559
.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron.,τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5
; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; .b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type,οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109
;πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242
, etc.b freq. with abstract Nouns,ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45
, etc.3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.;τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148
; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ;τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b
;ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ;ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8
;τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8
: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.7 before Prons.,a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., ,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ; ; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., that sort of person,X.
Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art.,τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13
.8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6,πολύς 11.3
, etc.II elliptic expressions:1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers.,τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48
. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, asτὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86
; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν;ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52
; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., asκἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266
, cf.[315] (lyr.);ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412
(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ;τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731
.C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, asκλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262
, cf. 1.300, al. ;Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526
(lyr.);Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86
; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets,ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3
, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., , Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.);τῷ S.Ph.14
; , Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg.τεῦ Il.18.192
(s.v.l.).D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ. -
10 ἡγέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `lead, go ahead', posthom. also `think, believe';Other forms: Dor. ἁγ-, aor. ἡγήσασθαι, fut. ἡγήσομαι (Il.), perf. ἥγημαι, ἅγ- (Hdt., Pi.), aor. pass. ἡγήθην (Pl. Lg. 770b)Compounds: very often with prefix in different meanings, δι-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, καθ-, περι-, ὑφ- etc. As 1. member in governing compp., e. g. `Ηγησί-λεως, Άγησί-λαος (Hdt.; also as appellative) - Also ἡγέ-ομαι as 2. member in formations in - της, e. g. κυν-ηγέτης "leader of dogs", `hunter' (Od.), ἀρχ-ηγέτης, f. - τις `who has the power, originator' (Hdt.), partly beside - ηγός and connected with ἄγω, s. Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 88ff., Sommer 12 w. n. 1. Another compound with σ-stem is περι-ηγής `forming a circle' (Emp., A. R.).Derivatives: Many derivv., also from the compp. (Dor. forms not sep. noted). Nomina actionis: 1. ἥγησις `leading' (LXX), older and more usual εἰσ-, ἐξ-, δι-, περι-, ὑφ-ήγησις etc. (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις, s. index);. 2. ἥγημα `leading, opinion' (LXX, Pergamon), older and more usual ἀφ-, εἰσ-ήγημα etc. with - ηγημάτιον, - ηγηματικός. Nomina agentis: 3. ἡγεμών, - όνος m. `leader' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 522, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 25f,; also from the compp., e. g. καθηγεμών) with ἡγεμονεύω `lead, rule' (Il.; like βασιλεύω), rarely - έω (Pl.; cf. Fraenkel Denom. 184f., Schwyzer 732), ἡγεμον-ία, ἡγεμόνευ-μα, ἡγεμον-ικός a. o.; fem. ἡγεμόνη surname of Artemis a. o. (Call.; Schwyzer 490 n. 4, Sommer Nominalkomp. 145). 4. ` Ηγήμων Att. PN (cf. ἥγημα). 5. ἡγήτωρ, - ορος m. `id.' (Il.), Άγήτωρ surname of Zeus in Sparta (X.), also name of the Aphrodite-priests in Cyprus (E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 87). 6. ἡγητήρ, - ῆρος m. `id.' (Pi., S.; also ὑφ-, προ-, καθ-ηγητήρ [trag.]) with ( προ-)ἡγήτειρα (A. R.), - τήριος (Ath.). 7. ἡγητής `id.' (A. Supp. 239), usually εἰσ-, ἐξ-, δι-, καθ-, προ-ηγητής (IA); on semantic differentiation of ἡγήτωρ, - ητήρ Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; on ἡγητής Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 13. Adj. 8. ( ἐξ-, δι- etc.) ἡγητικός (hell.). - On ἡγηλάζω s. v.Etymology: Iterative present ἡγέομαι, ἁ̄γέομαι, from which all other forms were derived, has a close correspondence in the yot-presents Lat. sāgio `trace, track down' = Germ., e. g. Goth. sokjan `search, attack' (the latter could also be from * sāgeio\/e-). From WestIE. one adduces OIr. saigim, -id `trace something, search', prob a yot-present (from * sh₂g-), s. Thurneysen Grammar 354; for the vowel cf. Lat. săgāx. Uncertain is Hitt. šak-ḫi, -i `know'. - The word may come from the language of hunters, prop. `search'; further Schwyzer 29 and Chantraine l. c.Page in Frisk: 1,621-622Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἡγέομαι
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11 ἦθος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: As 1. member with analog. comp.-vowel e. g. in ἠθο-ποιός `forming customs' (Arist.), as 2. member e. g. in κακο-ήθης `with bad customs' (IA).Derivatives: ἠθεῖος `reliable, beloved' (Hom., Hes.), also ἠθαῖος (Pi., Antim.), after γενναῖος a. o. (wrong J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 387, Sandsjoe - αῖος 102f.); ἠθάς, - άδος m. f. `usual, reliable' (Hp., S.) with ἠθάδιος `id.' (Opp.); ἠθικός `concerning the character' (Arist.; s. Verdenius Mnemos. 3: 12, 241ff.); ἠθαλέος `usual' (Opp., Epigr.; Debrunner IF 23, 26).Etymology: Cf. Johanna Schmidt, Ethos. Beitr. zum antiken Wertempfinden (Borna 1941); and Verdenius l. c. Differs from ἔθος only in lengthened grade, ō-grade in εἴωθα (s. v.). D.Petit, RPh. 73 (1999)87, who refers to Schindler, Flexion u. Wortbildung 259-267. - On traces of the digamma Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150.Page in Frisk: 1,625Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἦθος
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12 πλημῡ̆ρίς
πλημῡ̆ρίς, - ίδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `high tide of the sea, flood' (ι 486, Ion. poet., hell.).Derivatives: πλημύ̄ρ-ω `to have flood, to overflow, to submerge' (Archil., B., Call.) with πλήμῡρα f. = πλημυρίς (hell.); byform - έω `id.' (Hp., Plu.; like κύρ-ω: - έω etc., Schwyzer 721) with - ίη, - ία f. (Aret., sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: As ἁλμ-ῠρίς is built from ἅλμη, πλημ-ῠρίς goes back on πλήμ-η (fist hell., but πλήσμη already Hes.; cf. also πλήμνη). From there (or from *πλημυρός like ἁλμυρός?) πλημύ̄ρω with further derivv. From πλημύ̄ρω a.o. the vowellength was also introduced in πλημῡρίς. Bechtel Lex.s. v. -- The geminate μμ, usual in mss., is introduced from πλημμελής and other compp. (Schwyzer 280). The accentuation πλήμυρις, - ιν (sch. as alternative, EM; cf. Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 107 [Kl. Schr. 2, 1164] n. 1) can come from the opposite ἄμπωτις (and von πλήμῡρα?). -- The usual connection with μύρομαι is to be rejected. -- The suffix - υρ- is Pre-Greek, and so may be the whole word.Page in Frisk: 2,560-561Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλημῡ̆ρίς
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13 σχάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to make an incision, to tear open, to open a vein, to let (the blood) flow, to let something take its course, to release, to drop, to abandon' (Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Other forms: Also σχάω (Hp., com., Arist. a.o.), mostly aor. σχάσαι (Pi., B., Hp., E., com., X., Arist., hell. a. late) with pass. σχασθ-ῆναι, fut. pass. - ήσομαι, act. σχάσω, perf. midd. ἔσχασμαι (in ἐσχασμένη as plantname; Strömberg 43).Derivatives: 1. σχάσις ( ἀπό-, κατά-) f. `the tearing, blood-letting, release' (medic., Ph. Bel.). 2. σχάσμα ( κατά-) n. `incision, release' (Hp., Dsc., Ph. Bel.). 3. κατα-σχασμός m. `draft' (medic.). 4. σχαστήρ = Lat. tendicula (gloss.); κατασ[χ]αστήρ meaning unknown (IG 11: 2, 165, 11 [Delos IIIa]). 5. σχαστηρ-ία f. `trigger, release in mechanisms etc.' (Arist., Ph. Bel., Hero, Plb. etc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 58 n. 4); - ιον n. `lancet' ( Hippiatr.).Etymology: As orig. meaning is above assumed as usual `make an incision, tear open', from where `open, let loose etc.'; the word would be esp. characteristic for the language of the physician. Also a basic meaning `let loose, free v. t.' sceems however possible, while the usual professional expression φλέβα σχάσαι in MLG āderlāten `let (flow) from the vein' would get a direct agreement. -- As the whole formal system is clearly built on the aor. σχάσαι, from which σχάζω, σχάω as well as all other verbal and nominal forms, the etymolog has to start from this. A certain non-Greek agreement has not been found. Since Fick 1, 143 a. 567 σχάω is generally compared (Bq, WP. 2, 541 f., Pok. 919f., W.-Hofmann s. sciō) a.o. with Skt. chyati ( anu-, ava-, vi- etc.), ptc. chā-ta-, chi-tá-, caus. chāy-áyati (IE * skeh₂-, *skh₂i̯-) `split, hurt, esp. of the skin' (on the meaning Hoffmann Münch. Stud. 19, 61 ff., on phonetics Hiersche Ten. asp. 103 f., 214f.). To this semant. certainly unobjectionable connection it should be remarked, that of the Skt. verb non-present finite forms, e.g. the full grade s-aorist a-chā-s-it, occur only in the grammarians. The further combinations (s. the lit. above), e.g. with Lat. sciō, are no less hypothetic. -- So σχάσαι Greek innovation (perh. through cross of σχίσαι and ἐάσαι, χαλάσαι v.t.)? Note that σχ- cannot be directly explained from the assumed IE form.Page in Frisk: 2,835-836Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχάζω
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14 ἔθος
ἔθος, ους, τό (Trag.+).① a usual or customary manner of behavior, habit, usage καθὼς ἔ. τισίν (EpArist 311; Jos., Ant. 20, 28; Iren. 1, 20, 1 [Harv. I 177, 9]) as the habit of some people is Hb 10:25; cp. J 19:40; Ac 25:16. ἔθος ἔχειν be accustomed w. inf. foll. (Philo, Deus Imm. 167) 19:14 D. ἐπορεύθη κατὰ τὸ ἔ. he went, as usual, as was his wont Lk 22:39 (cp. Lucian, Alex. 54; POxy 370; PLond II, 171b, 19 p. 176 [III A.D.]; Bel 15 Theod.). ὡς ἔθος αὐτοῖς λέγειν (cp. 1 Macc 10:89; 2 Macc 13:4; PFay 125, 5 ὡς ἔθος ἐστί σοι) as they are accustomed to say MPol 9:2. cp. 13:1. 18:1; cp. 9:2 ἕτερα, ὧν ἔ. αὐτοῖς λέγειν.② long-established usage or practice common to a group, custom τὰ ἔ. τὰ πατρῷα the customs of the fathers Ac 28:17 (Just., D. 63, 5; SIG 1073, 20f κατὰ τὸ πάτριον ἔθος; Jos., Bell. 7, 424; 4 Macc 18:5 v.l.; Just., D. 87, 3 κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν ἔ.). τὰ ἔ. ἃ παρέδωκεν ἡμῖν Μωϋσῆς the customs that Moses handed down 6:14; cp. 15:1 (on the dat. τῷ ἔθει cp. PHolm 2, 18 τῇδε τάξει=acc. to this recipe); 16:21 (ἤθη v.l.); τοῖς ἔ. περιπατεῖν live acc. to our customs (way of life) 21:21 (DBalch, ‘… you teach all the Jews’ etc.: SBLSP ’93, 369–83); τὰ κατὰ Ἰουδαίους ἔ. customs of the Judeans (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 286) 26:3 (ἠθῶν v.l.); κατὰ τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἱερατείας as the custom is in the priestly office Lk 1:9; cp. GJs 24:1; κατὰ τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἑορτῆς acc. to the custom (prevailing) at the festival 2:42 (on κατὰ τὸ ἔ. cp. pap in Dssm., NB 79 [BS 251f]; ins in SIG, index). τὰ ἐγχώρια ἔθη the customs of the country Dg 5:4; w. country and language 5:1.—B. 1358. Schmidt, Syn. IV 570–75, s. λαός. DELG s.v. εἴωθα; Frisk s.v. ἔθος and ἔθων (also s. LfgrE s.v. ἔθων). M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
15 επιτελεώματα
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16 ἐπιτελεώματα
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17 επιτελέωμα
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18 ἐπιτελέωμα
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19 περιττοδάκτυλοι
περισσοδάκτυλοι, περισσοδάκτυλοςwith more than the usual number of fingers: masc /fem nom /voc pl -
20 προσφωνηματικώς
См. также в других словарях:
usual — usual, customary, habitual, wonted, accustomed can mean familiar through frequent or regular repetition. Usual stresses the absence of strangeness and is applicable to whatever is normally expected or happens in the ordinary course of events… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
usual — [yo͞o′zhə wəl, yo͞ozh′wəl] adj. [ME < MFr < LL usualis < L usus: see USE] such as is in common or ordinary use; such as is most often seen, heard, used, etc.; common; ordinary; customary SYN. NORMAL as usual in the usual way usually adv … English World dictionary
usual — I adjective abundant, accepted, accustomed, acknowledged, average, banal, casual, characteristic, characterless, colorless, common, commonplace, conformable, conforming, consistent, consuetudinal, consuetudinary, conventional, current, customary … Law dictionary
Usual — U su*al, a. [L. usualis, from usus use: cf. F. usuel. See {Use}, n.] Such as is in common use; such as occurs in ordinary practice, or in the ordinary course of events; customary; ordinary; habitual; common. [1913 Webster] Consultation with… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
usual — (adj.) late 14c., from O.Fr. usuel (late 13c.), from L.L. usualis ordinary, from L. usus custom (see USE (Cf. use)). The usual suspects is from a line delivered by Claude Rains (as a French police inspector) in Casablanca (1942) … Etymology dictionary
usual — (Del lat. usuālis). 1. adj. Que común o frecuentemente se usa o se practica. 2. Dicho de una persona: Tratable, sociable y de buen genio. 3. Dicho de una cosa: Que se puede usar con facilidad. ☛ V. interpretación usual … Diccionario de la lengua española
Usual — may refer to: *Common *Normal *Standard … Wikipedia
usual — adj. 2 g. 1. Que é de uso frequente. = COMUM, HABITUAL, ORDINÁRIO ≠ INUSUAL, RARO 2. Que acontece muitas vezes. = FREQUENTE • s. m. 3. Aquilo que é habitual. 4. Livro de consulta livre numa biblioteca. (Geralmente no plural.) • usuais s. m. pl. 5 … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
usual — [adj] common, typical accepted, accustomed, average, chronic, commonplace, constant, conventional, current, customary, cut and dried*, everyday, expected, familiar, fixed, frequent, garden variety*, general, grind, habitual, mainstream, matter of … New thesaurus
usual — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ habitually or typically occurring or done. ► NOUN informal 1) the drink someone habitually prefers. 2) the thing which is typically done or present. DERIVATIVES usually adverb. ORIGIN Latin usualis, from usus a use … English terms dictionary
usual — u|su|al W2S2 [ˈju:ʒuəl, ˈju:ʒəl] adj [Date: 1300 1400; : Late Latin; Origin: usualis, from Latin usus; USE1] 1.) happening, done, or existing most of the time or in most situations ▪ Make a cheese sauce in the usual way. ▪ I ll meet you at the… … Dictionary of contemporary English