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41 Psychology

   1) The Knowledge of Ourselves

   We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)

   2) As a Science, Psychology Is Distinct

   The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)

   3) Psychology Can Never Be an Exact Natural Science

   Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)

   4) How a " Mathematical" Psychology May Be Realized in Practice

   It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)

   5) The Rights of Psychology as Science

   "Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,

   6) The Study of Animal Psychology

   The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)

   7) The Behaviorist's Formulation

   The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)

   8) Man Is a Microcosm

   According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)

   9) Brief Overview of Psychology's History

   At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.

   In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.

   The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.

   Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)

    10) Psychological Research Is Not Building toward Systematic Clarity

   As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)

    11) Psychology as a Scientific Discipline

   The subject matter of psychology is as old as reﬂection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology
42 structure

noun

1) (the way in which something is arranged or organized: A flower has quite a complicated structure; the structure of a human body.) estructura

2) (a building, or something that is built or constructed: The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.) construcción

•

- structural
- structurally

structure n

1. estructura

the structure of a human cell la estructura de una célula humana

2. construcción / edificio

the whole structure collapsed in the earthquake el edificio entero se derrumbó con el terremoto

structure

tr['strʌkʧə^SMALLr/SMALL]

noun

1 (organization, composition) estructura

2 (thing constructed) construcción nombre femenino; (building) edificio

transitive verb

1 (arguemnt, essay, report, etc) estructurar; (event) planificar

structure ['strʌkʧər] vt, - tured ; - turing : estructurar

structure n

1) building: construcción f

2) arrangement, framework: estructura f

structure

n.

• bastimento s.m.

• construcción s.f.

• contextura s.f.

• edificio s.m.

• estructura s.f.

• forma s.f.

• fábrica s.f.

• mecanismo s.m.

• textura s.f.

I 'strʌktʃər, 'strʌktʃə(r)
noun

1) u c (composition, organization) estructura f

2) c ( thing constructed) construcción f

II

transitive verb \<\<argument/novel/speech\>\> estructurar

['strʌktʃǝ(r)]
1. N

1) (=organization, make-up) estructura f

2) (=thing constructed) construcción f

2.

VT [+ essay, argument] estructurar

* * *

I ['strʌktʃər, 'strʌktʃə(r)]
noun

1) u c (composition, organization) estructura f

2) c ( thing constructed) construcción f

II

transitive verb \<\<argument/novel/speech\>\> estructurar

English-spanish dictionary > structure
43 structure

I ['strʌktʃə(r)]
nome

1) (organization) struttura f.

wage structure — quadro retributivo

career structure — = l'insieme dei livelli e delle mansioni cui si può giungere intraprendendo una determinata carriera

2) ing. (building) struttura f., costruzione f., edificio m.; (manner of construction) costruzione f.
II ['strʌktʃə(r)]
verbo transitivo (organize) strutturare [ essay]; organizzare [ day]

* * *

noun

1) (the way in which something is arranged or organized: A flower has quite a complicated structure; the structure of a human body.) struttura

2) (a building, or something that is built or constructed: The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.) struttura

•

- structural
- structurally
* * *
I ['strʌktʃə(r)]
nome

1) (organization) struttura f.

wage structure — quadro retributivo

career structure — = l'insieme dei livelli e delle mansioni cui si può giungere intraprendendo una determinata carriera

2) ing. (building) struttura f., costruzione f., edificio m.; (manner of construction) costruzione f.
II ['strʌktʃə(r)]
verbo transitivo (organize) strutturare [ essay]; organizzare [ day]

English-Italian dictionary > structure
44 system

system ['sɪstəm]

noun

(a) (organization, structure) système m;

∎ the British educational system le système éducatif britannique;

∎ the Social Security system le système des prestations sociales;

∎ they live in a democratic/totalitarian system ils vivent dans un système démocratique/totalitaire

(b) (method) système m;

∎ a new system of sorting mail un nouveau système pour trier le courrier

(c) Anatomy système m;

∎ the muscular system le système musculaire

(d) (orderliness) méthode f;

∎ you need some system in the way you work vous devriez être plus systématique ou méthodique dans votre travail

(e) (human body) organisme m;

∎ bad for the system nuisible à l'organisme;

∎ it's a bit of a shock to the system ça fait un choc;

∎ figurative to get sth out of one's system se débarrasser de qch;

∎ go on, get it out of your system! vas-y, défoule-toi!;

∎ she can't get him out of her system elle n'arrive pas à l'oublier

(f) (equipment, device, devices)

∎ the electrical system needs to be replaced l'installation électrique a besoin d'être remplacée;

∎ a fault in the cooling system un défaut dans le circuit de refroidissement

(g) (network) réseau m;

∎ the rail/river/road system le réseau ferroviaire/fluvial/routier

(h) Computing système m

(i) (established order)

∎ the system le système;

∎ they're hoping to overthrow the system ils espèrent renverser le système (en place);

∎ familiar you can't beat or buck the system on ne peut rien contre le système^□

(j) Geology système m;

∎ the Precambrian system le système précambrien

►► Computing systems analysis analyse f des systèmes;

Computing systems analyst analyste-programmeur(euse) m,f;

Computing systems board carte f système;

Architecture system building préfabrication f;

Computing system bus bus m système;

Marketing systems buying achat m de système;

Marketing systems contracting contrats mpl de système;

Computing system crash panne f du système;

system date date f système;

Computing system disk disque f système;

Computing systems engineer ingénieur m système;

Computing systems engineering assistance f technico-commerciale;

Computing system error erreur f système;

Computing system failure panne f du système;

Computing system file fichier m système;

Computing system folder dossier m système;

Computing systems management direction f systématisée;

Computing systems operator sysop m, opérateur m système;

system privilege privilège m d'accès au système;

Computing system program programme m système;

Computing system prompt invite f du système, message m d'attente du système;

Computing system software logiciel m d'exploitation, logiciel m système

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > system
45 structure

1. noun
1) Struktur, die; Aufbau, der; (Mus.) Kompositionsweise, die; (manner of construction) Bauweise, die; Struktur, die

2) (something constructed) Konstruktion, die; (building) Bauwerk, das; (complex whole; also Biol.) Struktur, die
2. transitive verb
strukturieren; regeln [Leben]; aufbauen [literarisches Werk]; (construct) konstruieren; bauen

* * *

noun

1) (the way in which something is arranged or organized: A flower has quite a complicated structure; the structure of a human body.) die Struktur

2) (a building, or something that is built or constructed: The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.) das Bauwerk

•

- academic.ru/71388/structural">structural
- structurally
* * *

struc·ture

[ˈstrʌktʃəʳ, AM -ɚ]

I. n

1. (arrangement) Struktur f, Aufbau m

\structure of a cell Zellaufbau m

course \structure Kursaufbau m, Kursstruktur f

\structure of society Gesellschaftsstruktur f

social \structure Sozialstruktur f, soziales Gefüge

2. (system) Struktur f

management \structure Leitungsstruktur f

3. (construction) Bau[werk] nt; (make-up of a construction) Konstruktion f

II. vt

▪ to \structure sth etw strukturieren; (construct) etw konstruieren [o bauen]; life etw regeln

we must carefully \structure and rehearse each scene wir müssen jede Szene sorgfältig aufbauen und proben

well-\structured argument gut aufgebaute [o gegliederte] Argumentation

* * *
['strʌktʃə(r)]
1. n

1) (= organization) Struktur f; (LITER) Aufbau m; (TECH, of bridge, car etc) Konstruktion f

bone structure — Knochenbau m

2) (= thing constructed) Konstruktion f

2. vt
strukturieren; essay, argument aufbauen, gliedern; layout, life gestalten
* * *

structure [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]

A s

1. BIOL, CHEM etc Struktur f, fig auch (Auf)Bau m, Gefüge n, Gliederung f:

structure of power Machtstruktur;

structure of a sentence Satzbau;

structure of society Gesellschaftsstruktur

2. ARCH, TECH Bau(art) m(f), Konstruktion f

3. Bau(werk) m(n), Gebäude n (auch fig), pl Bauten pl

4. fig Gebilde n

B v/t strukturieren, einen Aufsatz etc auch aufbauen

* * *
1. noun
1) Struktur, die; Aufbau, der; (Mus.) Kompositionsweise, die; (manner of construction) Bauweise, die; Struktur, die

2) (something constructed) Konstruktion, die; (building) Bauwerk, das; (complex whole; also Biol.) Struktur, die
2. transitive verb
strukturieren; regeln [Leben]; aufbauen [literarisches Werk]; (construct) konstruieren; bauen

* * *

n.

Aufbau -ten m.

Bauweise -n f.

Beschaffenheit f.

Gebilde - n.

Gefüge -n n.

Gliederung f.

Struktur -en f.

English-german dictionary > structure
46 institución

f.

institution, center, establishment, foundation.

* * *

institución

► nombre femenino

1 (organismo) institution

2 (creación) establishment, institution; (introducción) introduction

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ser una institución to be an institution

institución benéfica charitable organization

* * *

noun f.

institution

* * *

SF

1) (=organismo) institution

instituciones hospitalarias — hospitals

un inspector de instituciones penitenciarias — an inspector of prisons

esa tienda es toda una institución en la ciudad — that shop is something of an institution in the city

institución benéfica, institución de beneficencia — charitable foundation, charitable organization

institución pública — public institution, public body

2) (=acción) establishment

3) pl instituciones [en nación, sociedad] institutions

* * *

femenino

a) ( organismo) institution

la siesta es toda una institución aquí — (fam) the siesta is a real institution here

b) (creación, constitución) establishment

c) instituciones femenino plural ( de una sociedad) institutions (pl)

* * *

= agency, body, corporation, establishment, facility, institution, organisation [organization, -USA], organisational setting, organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, foundation.

Ex. It is often not clear which agency can best provide for the needs of a client = Con frecuencia no está claro qué organismo puede satisfacer mejor las necesidades de un cliente.

Ex. Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.

Ex. The main form of knowledge transfer and the basis for decision making within corporations has not been a paper, a document or a detailed report, but a set of overhead slides and the discussions around them.

Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex. As he recovers, he overhears a well-intentioned social worker murmuring soothingly about a juvenile facility, and contrives an escape.

Ex. The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.

Ex. Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.

Ex. This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.

Ex. Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.

Ex. Often such things need to be funded through foundations or local businesses.

----

* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.

* biblioteca de institución de enseñanza superior = tertiary library.

* confinados en instituciones, los = institutionalised, the.

* cooperación entre instituciones = interagency cooperation.

* de toda la institución = institution-wide, systemwide.

* en contra de las instituciones = anti-establishment.

* en toda la institución = systemwide.

* entre instituciones = interagency [inter-agency].

* entre varias instituciones = inter-institutionally [interinstitutionally].

* estructura de la institución = organisational structure.

* institución académica = educational institution, educational establishment, academic institution.

* institución a la que pertenece = host institution.

* institución a la que se pertenece = home institution.

* institución anfitriona = host institution.

* institución benéfica = charity, charitable organisation, charitable institution.

* institución bibliotecaria = library organisation.

* Institución Británica para la Normalización (BSI) = British Standard Institution (BSI).

* institución civil = civic organisation.

* institución comercial = commercial organisation.

* institución compuesta de miembros = membership organisation.

* institución consolidada = established institution.

* institución consumada = established institution.

* institución cultural = cultural institution, heritage institution.

* institución dedicada a la conservación del patrimonio = memory institution.

* institución de educación pública = public education institution.

* institución de enseñanza pública = public education institution.

* institución de enseñanza superior = tertiary institution, institution of higher education.

* institución de enseñanza superior no universitaria = college of further education, college of higher education.

* institución de interés histórico = heritage institution.

* institución de interés histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* institución de investigación = research institution.

* institución de la que depende = parent institution.

* institución del conocimiento = institution of learning.

* institución del gobierno = government establishment.

* institución del matrimonio = institution of marriage.

* institución del patrimonio histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* institución del saber = institution of learning.

* institución donde se estudia = school affiliation.

* institucion educativa = teaching agency, institution of learning.

* institución gubernamental = government body.

* institución miembro = member centre, member institution.

* institución miembro de una asociación = partner institution.

* institución normativa = regulatory organisation.

* institución para el estudio y la conservación del patrimonio cultural = heritage organisation.

* institución privada = private institution.

* institución profesional = professional institution.

* institución pública = public institution, public organisation.

* institución reconocida = accredit school.

* institución relacionada con la información = information organisation, information institution.

* institución religiosa = religious body.

* institución responsable = governing agency, host institution.

* institución social = social agency.

* institución voluntaria = volunteer agency.

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* promovido por la institución = organisation-led.

* revista editada por la propia institución = house journal.

* * *

femenino

a) ( organismo) institution

la siesta es toda una institución aquí — (fam) the siesta is a real institution here

b) (creación, constitución) establishment

c) instituciones femenino plural ( de una sociedad) institutions (pl)

* * *

= agency, body, corporation, establishment, facility, institution, organisation [organization, -USA], organisational setting, organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, foundation.

Ex: It is often not clear which agency can best provide for the needs of a client = Con frecuencia no está claro qué organismo puede satisfacer mejor las necesidades de un cliente.

Ex: Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.

Ex: The main form of knowledge transfer and the basis for decision making within corporations has not been a paper, a document or a detailed report, but a set of overhead slides and the discussions around them.

Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex: As he recovers, he overhears a well-intentioned social worker murmuring soothingly about a juvenile facility, and contrives an escape.

Ex: The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.

Ex: Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.

Ex: This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.

Ex: Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.

Ex: Often such things need to be funded through foundations or local businesses.

* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.

* biblioteca de institución de enseñanza superior = tertiary library.

* confinados en instituciones, los = institutionalised, the.

* cooperación entre instituciones = interagency cooperation.

* de toda la institución = institution-wide, systemwide.

* en contra de las instituciones = anti-establishment.

* en toda la institución = systemwide.

* entre instituciones = interagency [inter-agency].

* entre varias instituciones = inter-institutionally [interinstitutionally].

* estructura de la institución = organisational structure.

* institución académica = educational institution, educational establishment, academic institution.

* institución a la que pertenece = host institution.

* institución a la que se pertenece = home institution.

* institución anfitriona = host institution.

* institución benéfica = charity, charitable organisation, charitable institution.

* institución bibliotecaria = library organisation.

* Institución Británica para la Normalización (BSI) = British Standard Institution (BSI).

* institución civil = civic organisation.

* institución comercial = commercial organisation.

* institución compuesta de miembros = membership organisation.

* institución consolidada = established institution.

* institución consumada = established institution.

* institución cultural = cultural institution, heritage institution.

* institución dedicada a la conservación del patrimonio = memory institution.

* institución de educación pública = public education institution.

* institución de enseñanza pública = public education institution.

* institución de enseñanza superior = tertiary institution, institution of higher education.

* institución de enseñanza superior no universitaria = college of further education, college of higher education.

* institución de interés histórico = heritage institution.

* institución de interés histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* institución de investigación = research institution.

* institución de la que depende = parent institution.

* institución del conocimiento = institution of learning.

* institución del gobierno = government establishment.

* institución del matrimonio = institution of marriage.

* institución del patrimonio histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* institución del saber = institution of learning.

* institución donde se estudia = school affiliation.

* institucion educativa = teaching agency, institution of learning.

* institución gubernamental = government body.

* institución miembro = member centre, member institution.

* institución miembro de una asociación = partner institution.

* institución normativa = regulatory organisation.

* institución para el estudio y la conservación del patrimonio cultural = heritage organisation.

* institución privada = private institution.

* institución profesional = professional institution.

* institución pública = public institution, public organisation.

* institución reconocida = accredit school.

* institución relacionada con la información = information organisation, information institution.

* institución religiosa = religious body.

* institución responsable = governing agency, host institution.

* institución social = social agency.

* institución voluntaria = volunteer agency.

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* promovido por la institución = organisation-led.

* revista editada por la propia institución = house journal.

* * *

institución

feminine

A (organismo) institution

instituciones financieras financial institutions

ser una institución ( fam); to be an institution

la siesta es toda una institución en España ( fam); the siesta is a real institution in Spain

el viejo Marcos es toda una institución aquí old Mr Marcos is quite an institution around here

B (creación, constitución) establishment

la institución de un fondo de pensiones the establishment o setting up of a pension fund

C instituciones fpl (de una sociedad) institutions (pl)

* * *

institución sustantivo femenino
institution
institución sustantivo femenino institution
' institución' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ayuntamiento
- centro
- fundar
- instituto
- matrimonio
- organismo
- representar
- salud
- universidad
- arca
- autoridad
- biblioteca
- calumnia
- carabinero
- corona
- crear
- departamento
- dotar
- ente
- entidad
- expulsar
- fundación
- habilitar
- lonja
- trayectoria
English:
agency
- charter
- foundation
- institution

* * *

institución nf

1. [organización] institution;

la institución monárquica the institution of the monarchy;
Fig
ser una institución [persona, establecimiento] to be an institution

Comp
institución benéfica charitable organization;
institución pública public institution

2. [de ley, sistema] introduction;
[de organismo, premio] establishment, setting up
3.
instituciones [del Estado] institutions

* * *

institución

f institution

* * *

institución nf, pl - ciones : institution

* * *

institución n institution

Spanish-English dictionary > institución
47 organización

f.

1 organization, hierarchy, array, structure.

2 institution, entity, organism, foundation.

3 organizing.

* * *

organización

► nombre femenino

1 organization

* * *

noun f.

organization

* * *

SF organization

Organización de Estados Americanos — Organization of American States

Organización de las Naciones Unidas — United Nations Organization

organización no gubernamental — non-governmental organization
OPEP
* * *

femenino organization

una organización sindical — a labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union

* * *

femenino organization

una organización sindical — a labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union

* * *

organización¹

¹ = establishment, organisation [organization, -USA], institution.

Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.

Ex: The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.

* Comité de las Organizaciones = Committee of Agricultural Producer Organizations (COPA).

* comportamiento de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.

* comunicación dentro de una organización = organisational communication.

* conducta de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.

* OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].

* organigrama de una organización = organisation chart.

* organización afiliada = sister organisation.

* organización agraria = agricultural organisation.

* organización a la que pertenece = parent organisation.

* organización benéfica = aid agency, aid organisation.

* organización cívica = community organisation.

* Organización Cultural, Científica y Educativa de las Naciones Unidas (UNESCO = UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).

* organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.

* organización empresarial = business organisation.

* organización intergubernamental (OIG) = intergovernmental organisation (IGO).

* organización internacional = international organisation.

* Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) = International Labour Organisation (ILO).

* Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.

* organización mafiosa = crime syndicate.

* organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.

* Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) = World Health Organisation (WHO).

* Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).

* Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) = FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation).

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.

* OTAN (Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte) = NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).

* una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.

* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.

organización²

² = logistics, map, mapping, organisational setting, organising [organizing, -USA], setup [set-up], organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, staging, set-up, structuring, implementation.

Ex: Donald P Hammer, Executive Secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative Secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.

Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.

Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.

Ex: Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.

Ex: No course on management would be complete without articulating the principles of management (i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling).

Ex: 'You know,' she had said amiably, 'there might be a better job for you here once things get rolling with this new regional setup'.

Ex: This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.

Ex: Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.

Ex: The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.

Ex: Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.

Ex: There are also suggestions for rules for structuring corporate body names.

Ex: This software is important to the further implementation of the record format, especially in developing countries.

* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.

* desorganización = disorganisation [disorganization, -USA].

* metaorganización = meta-organisation.

* modelo de organización = organisational scheme.

* organización bibliográfica = bibliographic organisation.

* organización bibliotecaria = library organisation.

* organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.

* organización de materias = subject organisation.

* organización horizontal = flat organisation, horizontal organisation.

* organización interna = organisational structure.

* organización laboral = job structuring.

* reorganización = respacing.

* una organización de = a pattern of.

* * *

organización

feminine

1 (acción) organization

2 (agrupación, institución) organization

una organización ecologista an ecological organization

una organización sindical a labor ( AmE) o ( BrE) trade union

organización de bienestar social welfare organization

Compuestos:

● Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

● Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual

World Intellectual Property Organization

● Organización Mundial del Comercio

World Trade Organization

* * *

organización sustantivo femenino
organization
organización sustantivo femenino
1 organization: la organización del concierto fue un desastre, the concert was disastrously organized
2 (asociación) organization
Organización No Gubernamental (ONG), Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
' organización' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adherirse
- aparato
- desactivar
- endosar
- entrar
- escala
- F.A.O.
- INTERPOL
- lucro
- mafiosa
- mafioso
- ONG
- OTAN
- OUA
- sede
- seno
- terrorista
- adhesión
- articulación
- barón
- boda
- caritativo
- correr
- cuadro
- cúspide
- depurar
- disolución
- disolver
- emplear
- entidad
- funcionario
- infiltrar
- ingresar
- ingreso
- integrar
- jerarquía
- marina
- miembro
- obra
- ONCE
- ONU
- permanencia
- pertenencia
- programación
- radio
- remodelación
- remodelar
- renovación
- renovar
- representar
English:
base
- charitable
- charity
- disband
- entrance
- Interpol
- join
- lead
- motto
- NATO
- NGO
- nonprofit
- organization
- outfit
- patron
- picketing
- PLO
- policy
- reshape
- service
- set-up
- shake up
- show
- start
- superintendent
- system
- top-heavy
- trust
- umbrella organisation
- voluntary organization
- watchdog
- credit
- in-house
- insider
- second
- syndicate
- united

* * *

organización nf

1. [orden] organization

2. [organismo] organization;

las organizaciones sindicales the trade o US labor unions

Comp
organización de ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid organization;
organización benéfica charity, charitable organization;

organización de consumidores consumer organization;

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development;

Organización de Estados Americanos Organization of American States;

Organización Internacional de Normalización International Standards Organization;

Organización Internacional del Trabajo International Labour Organization;

Organización para la Liberación de Palestina Palestine Liberation Organization;

Organización Mundial del Comercio World Trade Organization;

Organización Mundial de la Salud World Health Organization;

Organización de las Naciones Unidas United Nations Organization;

organización no gubernamental non-governmental organization;

Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;

Organización para la Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe;

Organización para la Unidad Africana Organization of African Unity;

Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte North Atlantic Treaty Organization

* * *

organización

f organization

* * *

organización nf, pl - ciones : organization

* * *

organización n organization

Spanish-English dictionary > organización
48 defensor

adj.

defending.

m.

1 defender, supporter, advocate, champion.

2 counsel for the defense, lawyer, defense lawyer, legist.

* * *

defensor

► adjetivo

1 defending

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 defender

2 DERECHO counsel for the defence (US defense)

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

defensor del pueblo ombudsman

* * *

(f. - defensora)

noun

1) advocate

2) champion

3) defender

* * *
defensor, -a
1. SM / F

1) (=protector) [de territorio, intereses] defender; [de causa, idea, derechos] defender, champion

mi pastor alemán es un defensor feroz — my Alsatian is a fierce guard dog

defensor(a) del pueblo — ombudsman

2) (Jur) defence lawyer, defense attorney o lawyer (EEUU)

el defensor interrogó al testigo — counsel for the defence o defending counsel cross-examined the witness

3) (Dep) [de título] defender

2. ADJ

1) (=protector)

una asociación defensora de los derechos de los marginados — an organization which defends o protects the rights of the underprivileged

una organización defensora de los derechos civiles — a civil rights organization

2) (Jur)

abogado defensor — defence lawyer, defense attorney o lawyer (EEUU)

* * *
I
- sora adjetivo

a) < ejército> defending (before n)

b) (Der) < abogado> defense* (before n)
II
- sora masculino, femenino

a) (Mil) defender

b) ( de una causa) champion

c) (Der) defense counsel (AmE), defence lawyer (BrE)

- defensor del pueblo

* * *

= advocate, defendant, proponent, respondent, champion, defender, supporter, apologist, backer, crusader, freedom fighter, torchbearer [torch bearer], campaigner, standard-bearer.

Ex. Sanford Berman has been an early, continuing, and outspoken advocate of user-oriented cataloging service.

Ex. A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.

Ex. The proponents do provide for an author added entry to show what the library has by an author.

Ex. A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.

Ex. NACs see their role as champions of the inarticulate by either taking up their case or providing groups with the information weaponry to campaign for their rights.

Ex. It is very difficult to think of discreditable activities associated with books apart from the writing and selling of pornography and even that has its defenders.

Ex. Then, a series of unfortunate circumstances (the outbreak of the war, family problems) deprived the project of its promoter and most passionate supporter.

Ex. At the present time the misunderstandings that still persist, even among those who should know better, oblige any apologist of reference work to go out of his way to make clear what reference work is not.

Ex. The author urges librarians and library backers to be more assertive in their requests for funding.

Ex. This article reviews the work of Professor Kaula, the staunch crusader of librarianship in India.

Ex. As a freedom fighter at the end of World War 2 he resisted Dutch efforts to regain control of their former colony.

Ex. The mission of college libraries in India is to shoulder the responsibilities of a torch bearer.

Ex. He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.

Ex. He was a rebel and an anti-establishment standard-bearer of intellectualism and internationalism.

----

* abogado defensor = defence attorney [defense attorney, -USA].

* defensor de la ecología = eco-warrior.

* defensor de la paz = peace activist.

* defensor de la prohibición del aborto = pro-lifer.

* defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.

* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.

* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.

* defensor de los derechos de los ciudadanos = citizen activist.

* defensor de los derechos humanos = human rights activist, human rights campaigner.

* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.

* defensor del pueblo = ombudsman [ombudsmen, -pl.].

* defensor ecológico = eco-warrior.

* defensor e impulsor = booster.

* defensor incodicional = stalwart.

* grupo defensor = interest group.

* * *
I
- sora adjetivo

a) < ejército> defending (before n)

b) (Der) < abogado> defense* (before n)
II
- sora masculino, femenino

a) (Mil) defender

b) ( de una causa) champion

c) (Der) defense counsel (AmE), defence lawyer (BrE)

- defensor del pueblo

* * *

= advocate, defendant, proponent, respondent, champion, defender, supporter, apologist, backer, crusader, freedom fighter, torchbearer [torch bearer], campaigner, standard-bearer.

Ex: Sanford Berman has been an early, continuing, and outspoken advocate of user-oriented cataloging service.

Ex: A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.

Ex: The proponents do provide for an author added entry to show what the library has by an author.

Ex: A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.

Ex: NACs see their role as champions of the inarticulate by either taking up their case or providing groups with the information weaponry to campaign for their rights.

Ex: It is very difficult to think of discreditable activities associated with books apart from the writing and selling of pornography and even that has its defenders.

Ex: Then, a series of unfortunate circumstances (the outbreak of the war, family problems) deprived the project of its promoter and most passionate supporter.

Ex: At the present time the misunderstandings that still persist, even among those who should know better, oblige any apologist of reference work to go out of his way to make clear what reference work is not.

Ex: The author urges librarians and library backers to be more assertive in their requests for funding.

Ex: This article reviews the work of Professor Kaula, the staunch crusader of librarianship in India.

Ex: As a freedom fighter at the end of World War 2 he resisted Dutch efforts to regain control of their former colony.

Ex: The mission of college libraries in India is to shoulder the responsibilities of a torch bearer.

Ex: He was a tireless campaigner for high professional standards.

Ex: He was a rebel and an anti-establishment standard-bearer of intellectualism and internationalism.

* abogado defensor = defence attorney [defense attorney, -USA].

* defensor de la ecología = eco-warrior.

* defensor de la paz = peace activist.

* defensor de la prohibición del aborto = pro-lifer.

* defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.

* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.

* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.

* defensor de los derechos de los ciudadanos = citizen activist.

* defensor de los derechos humanos = human rights activist, human rights campaigner.

* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.

* defensor del pueblo = ombudsman [ombudsmen, -pl.].

* defensor ecológico = eco-warrior.

* defensor e impulsor = booster.

* defensor incodicional = stalwart.

* grupo defensor = interest group.

* * *

defensor¹ - sora

adjective

1 ‹ejército› defending ( before n)

2 ( Der) ‹abogado› defense* ( before n)

3

(partidario): los delegados defensores del cambio the delegates in favor of o who advocate change

organizaciones defensoras de los derechos humanos human-rights organizations

defensor² - sora

masculine, feminine

1 ( Mil) defender

2 (de una causa) champion

un defensor de nuestros recursos naturales a defender o champion of our natural resources

un defensor de la fe a defender of the faith

3 ( Der) defense counsel ( AmE), defence lawyer ( BrE)

Compuestos:

● defensor de los habitantes

(CR) ombudsman

● defensor del pueblo

ombudsman Defensor del pueblo (↑ defensor a1)

* * *

defensor
◊ - sora adjetivo

a) ‹ ejército› defending ( before n)

b) (Der) ‹ abogado› defense^{( conjugate defense)} ( before n)

■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
a) (Mil) defender

b) ( de una causa) champion

c) (Der) defense counsel (AmE), defence lawyer (BrE)

defensor,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino defender
abogado defensor, counsel for the defence
el defensor del pueblo, the ombudsman
' defensor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abanderada
- abanderado
- abogada
- abogado
- defensora
- entusiasta
- incondicional
- paladín
- acérrimo
- ardiente
- ferviente
- guardián
- protector
English:
advocate
- campaigner
- champion
- consumer advocate
- defender
- ombudsman
- proponent
- protector
- counsel
- exponent
- guardian

* * *

defensor, -ora

♦ adj

1. [en tribunal]
abogado defensor counsel for the defence

2. [partidario]
siempre fue defensor de una legislación más dura he always advocated tougher legislation;

asociaciones defensoras de los consumidores consumer o consumers' associations

♦ nm,f

1. [de ideal, persona] defender;
[adalid] champion;
un gran defensor de la paz a great campaigner for peace

Comp
defensor del lector [en periódico] = person who represents the readership of a newspaper and deals with their complaints against the newspaper;
defensor de oficio court-appointed defence lawyer;
Esp defensor del pueblo ombudsman;
defensor del soldado = public body created to defend the rights of soldiers, especially young soldiers doing military service

2. [abogado] counsel for the defence

* * *

defensor

m, defensora f

1 defender, champion;

defensor de la naturaleza environmentalist

2 JUR defense lawyer, Br

defending counsel

* * *

defensor, - sora adj

: defending, defense

defensor, - sora n

1) : defender, advocate

2) : defense counsel

Spanish-English dictionary > defensor
49 international

міжнародний; інтернаціональний

international access to justice — доступ до міжнародного правосуддя

international administrative law — міжнародне адміністративне право

International Air Transport Association — Міжнародна асоціація повітряного транспорту

International Arbitration Tribunal — ( of the International Chamber of Commerce) Міжнародний арбітражний суд ( Міжнародної торгівельної палати)

International Association of Chiefs of Police — Міжнародна асоціація керівників поліції

International Association of Democratic Lawyers — Міжнародна асоціація юристів-демократів

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — Міжнародний банк реконструкції і розвитку (скор. МБРР)

International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes — Міжнародний центр з вирішення інвестиційних спорів

International Civil Aviation Organization — Міжнародна організація цивільної авіації (скор. ІКАО)

international commercial arbitration — міжнародний торгівельний арбітраж

international commercial dispute — міжнародний торгівельний спор

International Commission of Jurists — Міжнародна комісія юристів

international commitments of a country — міжнародні зобов'язання країни

international consultative commission — міжнародна консультативна комісія

international contractual practice — міжнародна договірна практика

international control of atomic energy — міжнародний контроль за атомною енергією

International Convention against Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries — Міжнародна конвенція про заборону вербування, використання, фінансування і підготовки найманців

International Convention Against Torture — Міжнародна конвенція про заборону тортур

International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea — Міжнародна конвенція з безпеки життя на морі

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships — Міжнародна конвенція з попередження забруднення плавальними засобами (1978 р.)

International Convention on the Conduct of Warfare — Міжнародна конвенція з ведення військових дій

International Convention on the Prohibition of the Manufacture and Testing of Chemical Weapons — Міжнародна конвенція про заборону виробництва і випробування хімічної зброї

International Council on Archives — Міжнародна рада архівів

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — Міжнародний пакт про громадянські і політичні права

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights — Міжнародний пакт про економічні, соціальні і культурні права

International Criminal Police Organization — Міжнародна організація кримінальної поліції (скор. МОКП)

international criminal register — міжнародний кримінальний реєстр; міжнародний кримінальний реєстр злочинців і злочинів

International Criminal Tribunal — Міжнародний кримінальний трибунал (скор. МКТ)

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia — Міжнародний кримінальний суд по колишній Югославії

International Day against Drug Abuse and Traffickng — Міжнародний день проти вживання і торгівлі наркотиками ( 26 червня)

International Development Association — Асоціація з міжнародного розвитку

International Drug Control Program(me) — Міжнародна програма боротьби з наркотиками

international drug traffic routes — шляхи розповсюдження наркотиків у світі

international drug trafficking group — міжнародна група торговців наркотиками

international economic relations — міжнародні економічні відносини

International Exchange of Fingerprints — Міжнародна служба обміну відбитками пальців

International Financial Corporation — Міжнародна фінансова корпорація (скор. МФК)

international human rights body — міжнародний орган з прав людини

international investigation of the crimes of an aggressor — міжнародне розслідування злочинів агресора

international judicial assistance — міжнародна правова ( судова) допомога

International Labo(u)r Organization — Міжнародна організація праці (скор. МОП)

international law in vertical space — міжнародне повітряне право

International Maritime Organization — Міжнародна організація морського судноплавства (скор. МОМС)

international medical and humanitarian law — міжнародне медичне і гуманітарне право

International Military Tribunal — Міжнародний військовий трибунал (скор. МВТ)

international mobility of criminals — міжнародна мобільність злочинців

International Narcotics Control Board — Міжнародне управління з контролю над наркотиками

international navigational route — міжнародний навігаційний шлях

International Organization of Standardization — Міжнародна організація стандартизації (скор. МОС)

International Police Association — Міжнародна поліцейська асоціація (скор. МПА)

international preliminary examining authority — орган міжнародної попередньої експертизи

international regime of sea ports — міжнародний режим морських портів

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea — Міжнародні правила з попередження зіткнень на морі

International Sea-Bed Resource Agency — Міжнародне агентство з ресурсів морського дна

International Telecommunications Union — Світовий телекомунікаційний союз (скор. СТС)

International Tribunal for the Prosecution of War Crimes — Міжнародний трибунал з переслідування військових злочинів

international trusteeship system — міжнародна система опіки

International Union for the Conservation of Nature — Міжнародний союз із збереження природи

international watercourse basin — басейн міжнародного водотоку

- international act
- international adjudication
- international administration
- international affairs
- international air carriage
- international air law
- international air route
- international airport
- international application
- international arbitration
- international arena
- international arrest warrant
- international authority
- international aviation
- international bank
- international bids
- international body
- international bribery
- international carriage
- international certificate
- international check
- international cheque
- international civil aviation
- international civil servant
- international code of conduct
- international commission
- international committee
- international community
- international conference
- international conflict
- international conspiracy
- international contract
- international control
- international control organ
- international convention
- international conventional law
- international cooperation
- international copyright
- International Court of Justice
- international courtesy
- international crime
- international criminal law
- international criminal
- international custom
- international customary law
- international delinquency
- international design
- international dispute
- international divorce
- international drug trafficking
- international engagement
- international entity
- international espionage
- international expert
- international extradition
- international fluvial law
- international forum
- international gangster
- international gangsterism
- international isolation
- international judicial organ
- international jurisprudence
- international jurist
- international language
- international law
- International Law Association
- international law code
- International Law Commission
- international law enforcement
- international law of the sea
- international lawyer
- international legal
- international legal capacity
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English-Ukrainian law dictionary > international
50 desarrollo

m.

1 development (mejora).

desarrollo del producto product development

desarrollo sostenible sustainable development

2 growth (crecimiento).

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: desarrollar.

* * *

desarrollo

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) development

■ es una industria en pleno desarrollo it's a flourishing industry

■ el desarrollo de las ideas the development of ideas

2 MATEMÁTICAS expansion

3 DEPORTE run, course

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

índice de desarrollo growth rate

país en vías de desarrollo developing country

* * *

noun m.

development

* * *

SM

1) [de economía, industria, mercado] development

la industria está en pleno desarrollo — industry is developing rapidly

un país en vías de desarrollo — a developing country

desarrollo sostenible — sustainable development

2) [de teoría, tema, punto] development

3) (=realización) [de proyecto, plan] carrying out; [de técnica, método] development

4) [de capacidad, memoria, músculos] development

5) (Mat) [de ecuación, función] expansion; [de problema] working

hizo bien el desarrollo del problema — he did the working correctly

6) [de persona, animal, planta] development

es bueno para el desarrollo emocional del niño — it is good for the child's emotional development

está en la edad del desarrollo — she's reaching puberty, she's beginning to develop

desarrollo infantil — child development

7) [de historia, acontecimiento] development

el desarrollo de la trama — the unfolding o development of the plot

ocurrió durante el desarrollo del partido — it happened in the course of the match

8) [de bicicleta] gear ratio

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (Econ) development

países en vías de desarrollo — developing countries

b) (de facultad, capacidad) development

c) (de niño, de planta) growth, development

d) ( de adolescente) development

2) (de teoría, tema, estrategia) development

3) (de acto, acontecimiento)

durante el desarrollo del acto — during o in the course of proceedings

intentaron impedir el normal desarrollo del acto — they tried to disrupt the proceedings

según el desarrollo de los acontecimientos — according to how things develop

* * *

= advance, amplification, building, development, evolution, blooming.

Ex. I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.

Ex. Even with such a limitation and many later supplementations by various hands, by way of addition, correction and amplification, it falls far short of completeness.

Ex. Building a search profile has much in common with building a document profile during indexing.

Ex. Enumerative schemes can be difficult to revise to take account of new developments.

Ex. A number of ancillary factors about the development of knowledge can be examined such as the extent of self-citation and the evolution of concepts.

Ex. The article 'The blooming of readers' presents a body of research that supports the notion that children can acquire reading skills without being directly taught to read.

----

* área en desarrollo = growth area.

* autodesarrollo = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA].

* ayuda al desarrollo = development aid.

* biología del desarrollo = developmental biology.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* desarrollo académico = academic development.

* desarrollo atrofiado = arrested development.

* desarrollo cronológico = chronology.

* desarrollo de aplicaciones = software development, application development.

* desarrollo de capacidades = capacity building.

* desarrollo de la colección = collection building, collection development [collections development].

* desarrollo de la identidad nacional = nation building.

* desarrollo del plan de estudios = curriculum development.

* desarrollo del potencial = capacity building.

* desarrollo de material educativo = instructional development.

* desarrollo de nuevos productos = product development.

* desarrollo de programas = software development.

* desarrollo de prototipos = prototyping.

* desarrollo económico = economic development.

* desarrollo empresarial = business development.

* desarrollo estratégico = strategic development.

* desarrollo industrial = industrial development.

* desarrollo infantil = child development.

* desarrollo mental = mental development.

* desarrollo nacional = national development.

* desarrollo personal = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA].

* desarrollo prenatal = prenatal development.

* desarrollo profesional = professional development, career development.

* desarrollo profesional del personal = staff development.

* desarrollo social = social development.

* desarrollo sostenible = sustainable development.

* desarrollo sostenido = sustainable development.

* desarrollo tardío = late start.

* desarrollo temporal = temporal development, timeline [time line].

* desarrollo urbanístico = urban growth.

* describir el desarrollo de = trace + the development of, trace + the evolution of.

* economía en vías de desarrollo = transitional economy, developing economy.

* empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.

* en desarrollo = evolving, under development.

* en período de desarrollo = in ascendancy.

* en pleno desarrollo = in full swing, in full gear.

* en vías de desarrollo = in course of development, emergent, developing.

* especialista en el desarrollo = developmentalist.

* estimular el desarrollo de = stimulate + the development of.

* etapa de desarrollo = stage of development.

* Fondo para el Desarrollo Europeo = European Development Fund.

* Fondo para el Desarrollo Regional Europeo = European Regional Development Fund.

* herramienta de desarrollo = development tool.

* herramientas de desarrollo = toolkit.

* instituto de desarrollo = development institute.

* instituto para el desarrollo = development institute.

* instituto para la investigación y el desarrollo = research and development institute.

* investigación y desarrollo (I+D) = research and development (R&D).

* nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).

* país en vías de desarrollo = developing country, transitional nation, transitional economy, developing nation, emerging economy, developing economy, country with developing economy.

* países en vías de desarrollo, los = developing world, the.

* política de desarrollo de la colección = collection development policy.

* posibilidad de desarrollo = potential for development.

* retrasar el desarrollo de Algo = push back + development.

* ritmo de desarrollo = pace of development.

* sicología del desarrollo = developmental psychology.

* teoría del desarrollo humano = developmental theory.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (Econ) development

países en vías de desarrollo — developing countries

b) (de facultad, capacidad) development

c) (de niño, de planta) growth, development

d) ( de adolescente) development

2) (de teoría, tema, estrategia) development

3) (de acto, acontecimiento)

durante el desarrollo del acto — during o in the course of proceedings

intentaron impedir el normal desarrollo del acto — they tried to disrupt the proceedings

según el desarrollo de los acontecimientos — according to how things develop

* * *

= advance, amplification, building, development, evolution, blooming.

Ex: I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.

Ex: Even with such a limitation and many later supplementations by various hands, by way of addition, correction and amplification, it falls far short of completeness.

Ex: Building a search profile has much in common with building a document profile during indexing.

Ex: Enumerative schemes can be difficult to revise to take account of new developments.

Ex: A number of ancillary factors about the development of knowledge can be examined such as the extent of self-citation and the evolution of concepts.

Ex: The article 'The blooming of readers' presents a body of research that supports the notion that children can acquire reading skills without being directly taught to read.

* área en desarrollo = growth area.

* autodesarrollo = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA].

* ayuda al desarrollo = development aid.

* biología del desarrollo = developmental biology.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* desarrollo académico = academic development.

* desarrollo atrofiado = arrested development.

* desarrollo cronológico = chronology.

* desarrollo de aplicaciones = software development, application development.

* desarrollo de capacidades = capacity building.

* desarrollo de la colección = collection building, collection development [collections development].

* desarrollo de la identidad nacional = nation building.

* desarrollo del plan de estudios = curriculum development.

* desarrollo del potencial = capacity building.

* desarrollo de material educativo = instructional development.

* desarrollo de nuevos productos = product development.

* desarrollo de programas = software development.

* desarrollo de prototipos = prototyping.

* desarrollo económico = economic development.

* desarrollo empresarial = business development.

* desarrollo estratégico = strategic development.

* desarrollo industrial = industrial development.

* desarrollo infantil = child development.

* desarrollo mental = mental development.

* desarrollo nacional = national development.

* desarrollo personal = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA].

* desarrollo prenatal = prenatal development.

* desarrollo profesional = professional development, career development.

* desarrollo profesional del personal = staff development.

* desarrollo social = social development.

* desarrollo sostenible = sustainable development.

* desarrollo sostenido = sustainable development.

* desarrollo tardío = late start.

* desarrollo temporal = temporal development, timeline [time line].

* desarrollo urbanístico = urban growth.

* describir el desarrollo de = trace + the development of, trace + the evolution of.

* economía en vías de desarrollo = transitional economy, developing economy.

* empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.

* en desarrollo = evolving, under development.

* en período de desarrollo = in ascendancy.

* en pleno desarrollo = in full swing, in full gear.

* en vías de desarrollo = in course of development, emergent, developing.

* especialista en el desarrollo = developmentalist.

* estimular el desarrollo de = stimulate + the development of.

* etapa de desarrollo = stage of development.

* Fondo para el Desarrollo Europeo = European Development Fund.

* Fondo para el Desarrollo Regional Europeo = European Regional Development Fund.

* herramienta de desarrollo = development tool.

* herramientas de desarrollo = toolkit.

* instituto de desarrollo = development institute.

* instituto para el desarrollo = development institute.

* instituto para la investigación y el desarrollo = research and development institute.

* investigación y desarrollo (I+D) = research and development (R&D).

* nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).

* país en vías de desarrollo = developing country, transitional nation, transitional economy, developing nation, emerging economy, developing economy, country with developing economy.

* países en vías de desarrollo, los = developing world, the.

* política de desarrollo de la colección = collection development policy.

* posibilidad de desarrollo = potential for development.

* retrasar el desarrollo de Algo = push back + development.

* ritmo de desarrollo = pace of development.

* sicología del desarrollo = developmental psychology.

* teoría del desarrollo humano = developmental theory.

* * *

desarrollo

masculine

A

1 ( Econ) development

países en vías de desarrollo developing countries

2 (de una facultad, capacidad) development

3 (de un niño, de una planta) growth, development

4 (de un adolescente) development

la edad del desarrollo puberty, the age of puberty

Compuesto:

desarrollo sostenible or perdurable

( Agr, Ecol) sustainable development

B

1 (de una teoría, un tema) development

2 ( Mat) development

3 (de una estrategia) development

el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas en este campo the development o evolution of new techniques in this field

C

(de un acto, acontecimiento): contemplaron el desarrollo del desfile they watched the parade pass by

intentaron impedir el normal desarrollo del acto they tried to disrupt the proceedings

para ver el desarrollo de los acontecimientos to see how things develop o turn out

D (en ciclismo) ≈ gear ratio

E ( Chi) ( Fot) developing

* * *

Del verbo desarrollar: ( conjugate desarrollar)

desarrollo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

desarrolló es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
desarrollar
desarrollo
desarrollar ( conjugate desarrollar) verbo transitivo
1 ( en general) to develop
2
a) ( exponer) ‹teoría/tema› to explain

b) ( llevar a cabo) ‹actividad/labor› to carry out

desarrollarse verbo pronominal
1 ( en general) to develop
2 [acto/entrevista/escena] to take place
desarrollo sustantivo masculino
development;
◊ países en vías de desarrollo developing countries;

según el desarrollo de los acontecimientos according to how things develop
desarrollar verbo transitivo
1 to develop: ha desarrollado su musculatura desde que hace deporte, he has become more muscular since he started doing sport
(un proyecto, teoría) han desarrollado un nuevo modelo de ordenador portátil, they've developed a new type of portable computer
2 (exponer con mayor detalle) to explain
desarrollo sustantivo masculino
1 (crecimiento, progreso) development
el desarrollo industrial de la comarca, the industrial development of the area
su bebé tiene un desarrollo satisfactorio, her baby is coming along fine
2 (exposición detallada) development
(solución por pasos de un problema) working out
3 (transcurso) course: una persona se desmayó durante el desarrollo del acto, someone fainted during the ceremony

' desarrollo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desarrollarse
- despegue
- extensa
- extenso
- planteamiento
- retrasada
- retrasado
- retraso
- curso
- emotivo
- frenar
- ir
- marcha
- potenciar
- precoz
- progreso
- propulsar
- rápido
- retroceso
- vía
English:
allocate
- appropriate
- arrest
- boomtown
- cramp
- developing
- development
- evolution
- growth
- progress
- research
- disrupt
- grown
- swing

* * *

desarrollo nm

1. [mejora] development;

el desarrollo económico economic development;

países en vías de desarrollo developing countries;

el pleno desarrollo de las capacidades intelectuales the full development of intellectual abilities

Comp
desarrollo sostenible sustainable development
2. [crecimiento] growth;

el desarrollo del ser humano human development;

la edad del desarrollo (the age of) puberty

3. [exposición] [de tema, teoría, idea] explanation

4. [transcurso] [de negociaciones, conferencia] course;

no hubo incidentes en el desarrollo de la manifestación there were no incidents in the course of the demonstration

5. [realización] [de actividad, trabajo, proyecto] carrying out

6. [creación] [de prototipos, técnicas, estrategias] development;

investigaciones encaminadas al desarrollo de una vacuna contra el sida research aimed at developing a vaccine against AIDS

7. [en bicicleta] gear ratio;

mover un gran desarrollo to turn a big gear

8. Mat [de término] expansion;
[de ecuación, problema] solving, working out
* * *

desarrollo

m development

* * *

desarrollo nm

: development

* * *

desarrollo n development

Spanish-English dictionary > desarrollo
51 défense

défense [defɑ̃s]

feminine noun

   a. defence (Brit), defense (US)

• défenses ( = fortifications) defences

• prendre la défense de qn to stand up for sb

• défenses immunitaires immune defence system

• sans défense ( = trop faible) defenceless ; ( = non protégé) unprotected

   b. ( = protection) protection

• la défense de l'emploi job protection

   c. (Sport) defence (Brit), defense (US)

• jouer en défense to play in defence

   d. (Law) defence (Brit), defense (US) ; ( = avocat) counsel for the defence (Brit), defense attorney (US)

• la parole est à la défense the counsel for the defence may now speak

• qu'avez-vous à dire pour votre défense ? what have you to say in your defence?

   e. ( = interdiction) « défense d'entrer » "no entrance"

• « danger: défense d'entrer » "danger - keep out"

• « défense de fumer/stationner » "no smoking/parking"

• « défense d'afficher » "stick no bills"

   f. [d'éléphant, sanglier] tusk

* * *
defɑ̃s
nom féminin

1) ( interdiction)

‘défense de pêcher/fumer’ — ‘no fishing/smoking’

‘défense d'entrer’ — ‘no entry’

‘défense de toucher’ — ‘(please) do not touch’

défense d'en parler devant lui — don't mention it in front of him

2) ( contre un agresseur) gén, Armée, Sport defence [BrE] ( contre against); (moyens, ouvrages)

défenses — defences [BrE]

courir à la défense de quelqu'un — to leap to somebody's defence [BrE]

pour sa défense, elle a dit que... — in her defence [BrE], she said that...

le budget de la défense (nationale) — the defence [BrE] budget

armes de défense — defensive weapons

assurer la défense du territoire — to defend the country

sans défense — ( faible) helpless; ( sans protection) unprotected

la défense de l'environnement — the protection of the environment

la défense de la langue française — the preservation of the French language

association pour la défense des consommateurs — consumer rights organization

faire grève pour la défense de l'emploi — to strike against job cuts

prendre la défense de quelqu'un/quelque chose — to stand up for somebody/something

3) Médecine, Psychologie defence [BrE]

les défenses de l'organisme — the body's defences [BrE]

les défenses immunitaires — the immune system

4) Zoologie (d'éléphant, de sanglier, morse) tusk

* * *
defɑ̃s nf
1) (pour se protéger) MILITAIRE defence Grande-Bretagne defense USA

ministre de la défense — Minister of Defence Grande-Bretagne Defence Secretary

la défense nationale — national defence

la défense contre avions — anti-aircraft defence

2) (pour protéger) defence Grande-Bretagne defense USA

prendre la défense de qn — to stand up for sb, to back sb up

défense des consommateurs — consumer protection

les associations de défense des consommateurs — consumer protection organizations

la défense de la veuve et de l'orphelin — championing the underdog

prendre la défense de la veuve et de l'orphelin — to champion the underdog

3) SPORT defence Grande-Bretagne defense USA

une défense de fer — rock-solid defence

jouer en défense — to play in defence

une défense acharnée — fierce defence

défense de zone — zone defence

4) (interdiction) prohibition

malgré la défense expresse de la direction — despite the management's express prohibition

"défense de fumer " — "no smoking ", "smoking prohibited"

5) [éléphant] tusk

* * *

défense nf

1 ( interdiction) ‘défense de pêcher/nager/fumer’ ‘no fishing/swimming/smoking’; ‘défense d'entrer’ ‘no entry’; ‘défense de toucher’ ‘(please) do not touch’; défense d'en parler devant lui don't mention it in front of him; ils sont sortis malgré la défense qui leur en avait été faite they went out although they had been forbidden to do so;

2 ( contre un agresseur) gén, Mil defence^GB (contre against); (moyens, ouvrages) défenses defences^GB; courir à la défense de qn to leap to sb's defence^GB; le budget de la défense (nationale) the defence^GB budget; ligne/moyens de défense line/means of defence^GB; position/armes de défense defensive position/weapons; assurer la défense du territoire to defend the country; sans défense ( faible) defenceless^GB, helpless; ( sans protection) unprotected; ⇒ légitime;

3 ( protection) protection; la défense de l'environnement the protection of the environment; la défense du patrimoine/de la langue française the preservation of the national heritage/of the French language; association pour la défense des consommateurs/droits de l'homme/libertés consumer rights/human rights/civil liberties organization; faire grève pour la défense de l'emploi to strike against job cuts; prendre la défense de qn/qch to stand up for sb/sth;

4 ( résistance) Sport defence^GB; opposer une défense énergique to put up a stubborn defence^GB ou resistance; jouer en défense Sport to play in defence^GB;

5 Physiol, Psych defence^GB; les défenses de l'organisme the body's defences^GB; les défenses immunitaires the immune system;

6 (justification, plaidoyer) gén, Jur defence^GB; pour sa défense, elle a dit que… in her defence^GB, she said that…; assurer la défense d'un accusé Jur to conduct the case for the defence^GB;

7 Jur ( partie défendante) defence^GB; ( defenseur) defence^GB; l'avocat de la défense counsel for the defence^GB, defense attorney US; la parole est à la défense (the counsel for) the defence^GB may now speak;

8 Zool (d'éléphant, de sanglier, morse) tusk;

9 la Défense commercial and residential district in Paris.

Composé

défense passive civil defence^GB.

ⓘ La Défense The area immediately to the north-west of Paris, developed as a modern business and residential area from the 1960s to the 1980s. Its biggest attraction is the Grande arche de la Défense, an enormous archway erected in 1989 to mark the bicentenary of the Revolution. It is also an architectural throwback to the Arc de Triomphe which, together with the Obélisque in the Place de la Concorde, can be seen from the vantage point of the steps leading up to the Grande arche itself.

[defɑ̃s] nom féminin

1. [interdiction] prohibition

malgré la défense de sa mère despite his mother having forbidden it

mais défense expresse d'en parler! but you're strictly forbidden to talk about it!

‘défense d'entrer’ ‘no admittance ou entry’

‘danger, défense d'entrer’ ‘danger, keep out’

‘défense d'afficher’ ‘stick no bills’

‘défense de fumer’ ‘no smoking’

‘défense de déposer des ordures’ ‘no dumping’

2. [protection] defence

la défense de la langue française the defence of the French language

pour la défense des institutions in order to defend ou to safeguard the institutions

[moyen de protection] defence

ne pas avoir de défense to be unable to defend oneself

3. [dans un débat] defence

prendre la défense de quelqu'un/quelque chose to stand up for ou to defend somebody/something

4. MILITAIRE defence

la Défense nationale national defence

défense passive civil defence

un secret Défense a military secret

5. PHYSIOLOGIE & PSYCHOLOGIE defence

6. DROIT defence

présenter la défense to put the case for the defence

7. SPORT

la défense the defence

jouer la défense to play a defensive game

8. ZOOLOGIE tusk

————————

défenses nom féminin pluriel

MILITAIRE defences

————————

de défense locution adjectivale

1. MILITAIRE → link=ligne ligne

2. PSYCHOLOGIE defence (modificateur)

————————

pour ma défense locution adverbiale,

pour sa défense etc. locution adverbiale

in my/his etc. defence

je dirai pour ma défense que... I will say in my (own) defence that...

————————

sans défense locution adjectivale

1. [animal, bébé] defenceless, helpless

2. MILITAIRE undefended

Défense nom propre féminin

la Défense ultra-modern business district west of Paris

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > défense
52 support

sə'po:t
1. verb
1) (to bear the weight of, or hold upright, in place etc: That chair won't support him / his weight; He limped home, supported by a friend on either side of him.) aguantar, sostener

2) (to give help, or approval to: He has always supported our cause; His family supported him in his decision.) apoyar, secundar, respaldar

3) (to provide evidence for the truth of: New discoveries have been made that support his theory; The second witness supported the statement of the first one.) corroborar, confirmar

4) (to supply with the means of living: He has a wife and four children to support.) mantener

2. noun
1) (the act of supporting or state of being supported: That type of shoe doesn't give the foot much support; The plan was cancelled because of lack of support; Her job is the family's only means of support; I would like to say a word or two in support of his proposal.) apoyo, soporte

2) (something that supports: One of the supports of the bridge collapsed.) soporte

•

- supporter
- supporting

support¹ n

1. apoyo

I couldn't have done it without your support no lo habría podido hacer sin tu apoyo

2. soporte

the roof is held up by a central support un soporte central aguanta el techo

support² vb

1. sostener

five stone pillars support the bridge cinco pilares de piedra sostienen el puente

2. mantener

he is the only one with a job and he supports the whole family es el único que trabaja y mantiene a toda la familia

3. apoyar

I'll support the proposal apoyaré la propuesta

4. ser de

which team do you support? ¿de qué equipo eres?

support

tr[sə'pɔːt]

noun

1 (physical - gen) apoyo, sostén nombre masculino; (- thing worn on body) protector nombre masculino

2 (of building) soporte nombre masculino, puntal nombre masculino

3 (moral) apoyo, respaldo

■ you have our full support cuentas con nuestro total apoyo

■ he was a great support to me when my father died me apoyó mucho cuando se murió mi padre

4 (financial) ayuda económica, apoyo económico; (sustenance) sustento; (person) sostén nombre masculino

■ the scheme is run without government support el proyecto funciona sin ninguna ayuda gubernamental

■ he had no means of support no tenía ninguna fuente de ingresos

5 (supporters) afición nombre femenino

6 (evidence) pruebas nombre femenino plural

transitive verb

1 (roof, bridge, etc) sostener; (weight) aguantar, resistir; (part of body) sujetar

■ I don't think that shelf can support so many books no creo que esa estantería aguante tantos libros

2 (back, encourage) apoyar, respaldar, ayudar; (cause, motion, proposal) apoyar, estar de acuerdo con

■ my parents have always supported me in everything I've done mis padres siempre me han apoyado en todo lo que he hecho

3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (follow) seguir; (encourage) animar

■ which team do you support? ¿de qué equipo eres?

4 (keep, sustain) mantener, sustentar, sostener; (feed) alimentar

5 (corroborate, substantiate) confirmar, respaldar, apoyar, respaldar

6 formal use (endure) soportar, tolerar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in support (in reserve) de apoyo

in support of somebody/something en apoyo de alguien/algo, a favor de alguien/algo

to drum up support for somebody/something conseguir apoyo para alguien/algo

to support oneself ganarse la vida

support group (offering help) grupo de apoyo 2 (musicians) grupo telonero

support [sə'port] vt

1) back: apoyar, respaldar

2) maintain: mantener, sostener, sustentar

3) prop up: sostener, apoyar, apuntalar, soportar

support n

1) : apoyo m (moral), ayuda f (económica)

2) prop: soporte m, apoyo m

support

n.

• apoyo s.m.

• arrimadero s.m.

• arrimo s.m.

• ayuda s.f.

• báculo s.m.

• encomienda s.f.

• entibo s.m.

• muleta s.f.

• puntal s.m.

• pábulo s.m.

• respaldo s.m.

• soporte s.m.

• sostenimiento s.m.

• sostén s.m.

• suspensorio s.m.

• sustento s.m.

• sustentáculo s.m.

v.

• afianzar v.

• apadrinar v.

• apoyar v.

• apuntalar v.

• mantener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• respaldar v.

• soportar v.

• sostener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• sustentar v.

I sə'pɔːrt, sə'pɔːt
transitive verb

1) ( hold up) \<\<bridge/structure\>\> sostener*

the roof is supported by six columns — el tejado descansa sobre or se apoya en seis columnas

the chair couldn't support his weight — la silla no pudo aguantar or resistir su peso

2)

a) (maintain, sustain) \<\<family/children\>\> mantener*, sostener*, sustentar

to support oneself — ganarse la vida or (liter) el sustento

the hospital is supported entirely by private donations — el hospital está enteramente financiado por donaciones de particulares

b) ( Comput) admitir

3)

a) ( back) \<\<cause/motion\>\> apoyar

which team do you support? — ¿de qué equipo eres (hincha)?

I support the Greens — estoy con los verdes

b) ( back up) apoyar

4) ( corroborate) \<\<theory\>\> respaldar, confirmar, sustentar

II

noun

1)

a) c ( of structure) soporte m

b) u ( physical)

the pillars provide the support for the arches — los pilares sirven de apoyo a los arcos

to lean on somebody for support — apoyarse en alguien (para sostenerse)

2)

a) u ( financial) ayuda f (económica), apoyo m (económico)

he has no means of support — no tiene ninguna fuente de ingresos

b) c ( person) sostén m

3) u (backing, encouragement) apoyo m, respaldo m

I've had absolutely no support from you — no me has apoyado en absoluto

I went with her to give her (moral) support — la acompañé para que se sintiera apoyada or respaldada

4) u

a) ( Mil) apoyo m, refuerzo m

b) ( backup) servicio m al cliente

technical/dealer support — servicio técnico/de ventas; (before n) <package, material> adicional, suplementario

5)

in support of — (as prep)

he spoke in support of the motion — habló a favor de or en apoyo de la moción

a demonstration in support of the President — una manifestación de apoyo al presidente

she could produce no evidence in support of her claim — no pudo presentar pruebas en apoyo de su demanda

[sǝ'pɔːt]
1. N

1) (for weight)

a) (=object) soporte m

use the stool as a support for your feet — usa el taburete como soporte para los pies

steel supports — soportes mpl de acero

b) (=capacity to support) soporte m

a good bed should provide adequate support for your back — una buena cama debe ofrecerle un soporte adecuado para su espalda

to lean on sb for support — apoyarse en algn

c) (Med) soporte m

back support — espaldera f

2) (fig)

a) (=help) apoyo m

I've had a lot of support from my family — mi familia me ha apoyado mucho or me ha dado mucho apoyo

she was a real support to her mother — fue un verdadero apoyo para su madre

• to give sb support — dar apoyo a algn, apoyar a algn

• moral support — apoyo moral

b) (=backing) apoyo m

he has given his support to the reform programme — ha apoyado or respaldado el programa de reforma, ha dado su apoyo or respaldo al programa de reforma

do I have I your support in this? — ¿puedo contar con tu apoyo para esto?

our support comes from the workers — los que nos apoyan son los obreros

• their capacity to act in support of their political objectives — su capacidad de actuar en pos de sus objetivos políticos

a campaign in support of these aims — una campaña en apoyo de estos objetivos

he spoke in support of the motion — habló en apoyo de la moción

• popular support — apoyo m popular

c) (financial) ayuda f, respaldo m

financial support — ayuda f económica, respaldo m económico

they depend on him for financial support — económicamente dependen de él

with Government support — con la ayuda del Gobierno, respaldado por el Gobierno

a man with no visible means of support — un hombre sin una fuente de ingresos aparente

d) (esp Comm) (=backup) servicio m de asistencia (al cliente)

• after-sales support — servicio m posventa, asistencia f posventa

• technical support — servicio m de asistencia técnica

e) (Mil) apoyo m

military support — apoyo militar

f) (=evidence)

history offers some support for this view — la historia respalda en cierta medida esta opinión

scholars have found little support for this interpretation — los académicos han encontrado pocas pruebas que apoyen or respalden esta interpretación

in support of this argument he states that... — para apoyar or respaldar este argumento aduce que...

evidence in support of a particular theory — pruebas que confirman una determinada teoría

2. VT

1) (=hold up) sostener

his knees wouldn't support him any more — sus rodillas ya no lo sostenían

that chair won't support your weight — esa silla no resistirá or aguantará tu peso

raise your upper body off the ground, supporting your weight on your arms — apoyándose en los brazos levante el tronco del suelo

to support o.s. — (physically) apoyarse (on en)

2) (=help)

a) (emotionally) apoyar

b) (financially) [+ person] mantener; [+ organization, project] financiar

he has a wife and three children to support — tiene una mujer y tres hijos que mantener

to support o.s. — (financially) ganarse la vida

3) (=back) [+ proposal, project, person] apoyar

his colleagues refused to support him — sus colegas se negaron a apoyarlo

4) (Sport) [+ team]

who do you support? — ¿de qué equipo eres (hincha)?

Tim supports Manchester United — Tim es hincha de Manchester United

come and support your team! — ¡ven a animar a tu equipo!

5) (=corroborate) [+ theory, view] respaldar, confirmar

6) (=sustain)

an environment capable of supporting human life — un medio en que existen las condiciones necesarias para que se desarrolle la vida humana

land so poor that it cannot support a small family — un terreno tan poco fértil que no puede sustentar a una familia pequeña

7) frm (=tolerate) tolerar

8) (Mus) [+ band] actuar de telonero/teloneros de

a good band supported by an exciting new group — un buen grupo con unos teloneros nuevos muy interesantes

9) (Cine, Theat) [+ principal actor] secundar

he is supported by a wonderful cast — está secundado por un estupendo reparto

3.

CPD

support band N — (Mus) teloneros mpl

support group N — grupo m de apoyo

a support group for victims of crime — un grupo de apoyo or una asociación de ayuda a las víctimas de la delincuencia

support hose N — medias fpl de compresión graduada

support network N — red f de apoyo

support ship N — barco m de apoyo

support stocking N — media f de compresión graduada

support tights NPL — medias fpl de compresión (graduada)

support troops NPL — tropas fpl de apoyo

* * *

I [sə'pɔːrt, sə'pɔːt]
transitive verb

1) ( hold up) \<\<bridge/structure\>\> sostener*

the roof is supported by six columns — el tejado descansa sobre or se apoya en seis columnas

the chair couldn't support his weight — la silla no pudo aguantar or resistir su peso

2)

a) (maintain, sustain) \<\<family/children\>\> mantener*, sostener*, sustentar

to support oneself — ganarse la vida or (liter) el sustento

the hospital is supported entirely by private donations — el hospital está enteramente financiado por donaciones de particulares

b) ( Comput) admitir

3)

a) ( back) \<\<cause/motion\>\> apoyar

which team do you support? — ¿de qué equipo eres (hincha)?

I support the Greens — estoy con los verdes

b) ( back up) apoyar

4) ( corroborate) \<\<theory\>\> respaldar, confirmar, sustentar

II

noun

1)

a) c ( of structure) soporte m

b) u ( physical)

the pillars provide the support for the arches — los pilares sirven de apoyo a los arcos

to lean on somebody for support — apoyarse en alguien (para sostenerse)

2)

a) u ( financial) ayuda f (económica), apoyo m (económico)

he has no means of support — no tiene ninguna fuente de ingresos

b) c ( person) sostén m

3) u (backing, encouragement) apoyo m, respaldo m

I've had absolutely no support from you — no me has apoyado en absoluto

I went with her to give her (moral) support — la acompañé para que se sintiera apoyada or respaldada

4) u

a) ( Mil) apoyo m, refuerzo m

b) ( backup) servicio m al cliente

technical/dealer support — servicio técnico/de ventas; (before n) <package, material> adicional, suplementario

5)

in support of — (as prep)

he spoke in support of the motion — habló a favor de or en apoyo de la moción

a demonstration in support of the President — una manifestación de apoyo al presidente

she could produce no evidence in support of her claim — no pudo presentar pruebas en apoyo de su demanda

English-spanish dictionary > support
53 form

fɔ:m
1. сущ.
1) форма;
внешний вид;
очертание to assume, take the form of smth. ≈ принимать форму чего-л. to assume human form ≈ принимать человеческий вид a fiend in human form ≈ волк в овечьей шкуре The cookies were in the form of squares. ≈ Булочки были квадратной формы. Syn: configuration, contour, figure, outline, shape, structure
2) фигура( особ. человека) This coat really fits one's form. ≈ Это пальто действительно хорошо сидит на фигуре. Syn: body, figure, shape, build, physique
3) форма, вид abridged, condensed form ≈ сокращенная форма, сокращенный вариант concise form ≈ краткая форма convenient form, handy form ≈ удобная форма revised form ≈ исправленная форма The book came out in abridged form. ≈ Книга издана в сокращенной форме. Ice is water in another form. ≈ Лед - это вода только в другом виде. Syn: appearance, phase, aspect, manifestation
4) вид, разновидность The ant is a form of insect. ≈ Муравей - это вид насекомых. Syn: type, variety, kind, sort;
genus, species, genre, class
5) порядок;
общепринятая форма in due form ≈ в должной форме, по всем правилам
6) бланк, образец, форма;
анкета to fill in a form брит., to fill out a form амер., to fill up a form уст. ≈ заполнить бланк tax form ≈ декларация о доходах tax return form ≈ бланк декларации о доходах application form
7) формальность;
церемония, этикет, установленный порядок They didn't follow the traditional form of the marriage service. ≈ Они не придерживались традиционных форм бракосочетания. Syn: prescribed method, rule, habit, proceeding, practice, ritual;
etiquette, conventionality
8) манеры, поведение good form, proper form ≈ хороший тон, хорошие манеры bad form ≈ дурной тон, плохие манеры It's bad form to come late to a formal reception. ≈ На официальную встречу опаздывать неприлично. Syn: social behavior, manner, deportment, conduct, style, mode;
way, manner
9) готовность, состояние;
хорошая спортивная форма The horse is in form. ≈ Лошадь вполне подготовлена к бегам. off form ≈ не в форме She was in superb form today. ≈ Она была сегодня в превосходной форме. If she's in form, she can win the match easily. ≈ Если она будет сегодня в форме, она легко выиграет матч. Syn: trim, fettle, fitness, shape, top condition, healthy condition
10) скамья
11) класс( в школе) in the fourth form ≈ в четвертом классе
12) нора( зайца)
13) грам. форма bound form colloquial form combining form diminutive form free form inflectional form obsolete form plural form singular form surface form underlying form
14) иск. вид, форма;
композиция You paint well, but your work lacks form. ≈ С красками у тебя все в порядке, но в твоей картине нет формы. Syn: order, system, structure, harmony, arrangement;
shapeliness, proportion, symmetry
15) тех. модель, форма When the cement has hardened, the form is removed. ≈ Когда цемент затвердеет, форма удаляется. Syn: mold, cast, frame, framework, matrix
16) полигр. печатная форма
17) строит. опалубка
18) ж.-д. формирование( поездов)
19) расписание racing form ≈ расписание скачек, программа скачек
2. гл.
1) а) придавать форму, вид to form chopped beef into patties ≈ делать лепешки из кусков говядины б) принимать форму, вид
2) а) составлять, образовывать The sofa is formed of three separate sections. ≈ Диван составлен из трех отдельных секций. б) включать в себя, содержать ∙ Syn: compose, comprise, make up, constitute;
serve to make up
3) а) создавать;
формулировать( идею, план и т. п.) б) создаваться, возникать
4) воспитывать, вырабатывать, формировать (характер, качества и т. п.) ;
дисциплинировать;
приобретать He formed the habit of peering over his glasses. ≈ У него выработалась привычка смотреть поверх очков. Syn: develop, acquire, contract, pick up
5) а) формировать, образовывать;
воен. формировать (части) ;
ж.-д. формировать (поезда) They formed an army out of rabble. ≈ Они сформировали армию из толпы. б) формироваться, образовываться;
строиться
6) тех. формовать Syn: mould
7) забираться в нору (о зайце) ∙ form up форма;
внешний вид;
очертание - without shape or * бесформенный - in any shape or * в любом виде - in the * of a cube в форме куба - to take * принять должную форму - to take the * of smth. принимать вид /форму/ чего-л. - the cloud was changing its * облако меняло очертания фигура (человека) - well-proportioned * пропорциональное сложение, хорошая фигура - fair of face and * с прекрасным лицом и фигурой - I saw a well-known * standing before me я увидел перед собой хорошо знакомую фигуру обличье - Proteus was able to appear in the * of any animal Протей мог являться в обличье любого животного стать (лошади) форма, вид - literary * литературная форма - in tabular * в виде таблицы - in the * of a sonnet в форме сонета - in the * of a drama в драматической форме - * and substance форма и содержание - a sense of * чувство формы вид, разновидность;
тип - *s of animal and vegetable life формы животной и растительной жизни - it's a * of influenza это особая форма гриппа - a * of activity род деятельности стиль, манера - his * in swimming is bad он плавает плохо /плохим стилем/ - bad * дурной тон;
плохие манеры - the rules of good * правила хорошего тона состояние;
форма (часто спортивная) ;
готовность - to be in( good) * быть в хорошем состоянии;
быть в хорошей спортивной форме;
быть в ударе - to be in bad *, to be out of * быть в плохом состоянии;
быть в плохой( спортивной) форме;
быть не в ударе, "не в форме" - to round into * (спортивное) приобретать спортивную форму настроение, душевное состояние - Jack was in great * at the dinner party Джек был в приподнятом настроении на званом обеде формальность;
проформа - as a matter of *, for *'s sake для проформы, формально - to attach importance to *s придавать значение формальностям церемония, порядок - in due * по всем правилам - found in good and due * (дипломатическое) найденные в должном порядке и надлежащей форме (о полномочиях) - * of action (юридическое) процессуальная форма установившаяся форма выражения;
формула - the * of greeting формула приветствия класс (в школе) - upper *s старшие классы - first * младший класс форма, бланк, образец;
анкета - printed * печатный бланк - a * for a deed бланк /форма/ для соглашения - a * of application форма заявления - to fill in /up/ a * заполнить бланк /анкету и т. п./ длинная скамья, скамейка нора (зайца) (грамматика) форма слова( специальное) форма исполнения (машины) модель, тип, образец;
торговый сорт( металла и т. п.) (техническое) форма для литья (полиграфия) печатная форма (строительство) форма;
опалубка - * removal распалубка( математическое) выражение придавать форму, вид - to * a piece of wood into a certain shape придавать куску дерева определенную форму - to * smth. after /upon, from, by, in accordance with/ a pattern создавать /делать/ что-л. по определенному образцу - state *ed after the Roman republic государство, созданное по образцу Римской республики принимать форму, вид составлять, образовывать;
формировать - these parts together * a perfect whole эти части образуют вместе гармоничное целое - the rain *ed large pools on the lawn от дождя на газоне образовались большие лужи - the clouds *ed a veil over the mountain-top облака затянули вершину горы - the baby is beginning to * short words ребенок начинает произносить короткие слова образовываться;
формироваться - crystals *ed in the retort в реторте образовались кристаллы - clouds are *ing on the hills на вершинах холмов сгущаются облака (грамматика) образовывать - to * the plural of the noun образовать множественное число существительного создавать, составлять;
формулировать - to * an idea создавать себе представление - to * an opinion составить мнение - to * a plan создать /выработать/ план - to * a habit приобрести привычку, привыкнуть( к чему-л.) возникать, оформляться - the idea slowly *ed in my mind эта мысль постепенно становилась у меня более отчетливой представлять собой;
являться - chocolate *s a wholesome substitute for staple food шоколад является полноценным заменителем основных продуктов питания - bonds *ed the bulk of his estate основную часть его состояния представляли облигации тренировать, дисциплинировать;
воспитывать;
развивать - to * the mind развивать ум - to * the character воспитывать характер - to * a child by care воспитывать ребенка заботливо - to * good habits прививать хорошие привычки /навыки хорошего поведения/ формировать, организовывать;
образовывать, создавать - to * a class for beginners создать группу начинающих - to * an army формировать армию - to * a government формировать правительство - to * a society организовывать общество - the children were *ed into small groups дети были разбиты на небольшие группы - they *ed themselves into a committee они сорганизовались в комитет( военное) строить - to * a column вытягиваться в колонну (военное) строиться( специальное) формировать (специальное) формовать (садоводчество) обрезать, подвергать обрезке;
формировать крону забираться, забиваться в нору (о зайце) форма (таксономическая единица) account ~ документ бухгалтерского учета adjustment ~ схема регулирования bill ~ бланк векселя bill ~ бланк счета bill ~ вексельный формуляр blank ~ чистый бланк business tax ~ бланк налоговой декларации для предпринимателя charge ~ форма платежа cheque ~ бланк чека claim ~ бланк заявления о выплате страхового возмещения clausal ~ вчт. стандартная форма coding ~ вчт. бланк программирования company ~ форма компании complete a ~ заполнять бланк contract ~ форма контракта customs declaration ~ бланк таможенной декларации customs ~ таможенный формуляр data collection ~ вчт. форма для сбора данных deposit ~ депозитный бланк draft ~ эскиз бланка due ~ установленная форма due ~ установленный образец entry ~ вчт. бланк ввода информации export ~ экспортный формуляр form анкета ~ бланк ~ вид, разновидность ~ воспитывать, вырабатывать (характер, качества и т. п.) дисциплинировать;
тренировать ~ заключать (договор) ~ класс (в школе) ~ нора (зайца) ~ образец, бланк;
анкета ~ образовывать ~ стр. опалубка ~ основывать ~ полигр. печатная форма ~ порядок;
общепринятая форма;
in due form в должной форме, по всем правилам ~ придавать или принимать форму, вид;
to form a vessel out of clay вылепить сосуд из глины ~ скамья ~ создавать(ся), образовывать(ся) ;
I can form no idea of his character не могу составить себе представления о его характере ~ создавать ~ составить ~ составлять;
parts form a whole части образуют целое ~ составлять ~ состояние, готовность;
the horse is in form лошадь вполне подготовлена к бегам ~ сформировать ~ установленный образец, проформа, бланк, формуляр, анкета ~ установленный образец ~ утверждать ~ учреждать, образовывать, основывать ~ фигура (особ. человека) ~ тех. форма, модель ~ иск. форма, вид;
literary form литературная форма ~ грам. форма ~ форма;
внешний вид;
очертание;
in the form of a globe в форме шара;
to take the form (of smth.) принять форму (чего-л.) ~ вчт. форма ~ форма ~ формальность, этикет, церемония;
good (bad) form хороший( дурной) тон, хорошие (плохие) манеры ~ ж.-д. формирование (поездов) ~ воен. формирование, построение ~ ж.-д. формировать (поезда) ~ воен. формировать (части) ~ формировать(-ся), образовывать(ся) ;
строиться ~ формировать ~ тех. формовать ~ формуляр forme: forme =form ~ придавать или принимать форму, вид;
to form a vessel out of clay вылепить сосуд из глины ~ for advance statement форма заявления об авансовых платежах ~ for estimating future income форма для оценки будущего дохода ~ of a summons бланк судебной повестки ~ of a writ форма искового заявления ~ of borrowing форма займа ~ of cooperation форма кооперации ~ of government форма правительства ~ of government форма правления ~ of organization форма организации ~ of request бланк заявки ~ of request форма запроса ~ of request форма требования ~ of sales форма продажи ~ of saving форма сбережения ~ of taxation форма налогообложения ~ of tender форма заявки ~ of tender форма предложения giro in-payment ~ бланк для платежа в системе жиросчетов giro transfer ~ бланк для жироперевода ~ формальность, этикет, церемония;
good (bad) form хороший (дурной) тон, хорошие (плохие) манеры horizontal ~ выч. бланк счета ~ состояние, готовность;
the horse is in form лошадь вполне подготовлена к бегам ~ создавать(ся), образовывать(ся) ;
I can form no idea of his character не могу составить себе представления о его характере in (good) ~ в ударе in (good) ~ "в форме" (о спортсмене) ~ форма;
внешний вид;
очертание;
in the form of a globe в форме шара;
to take the form (of smth.) принять форму (чего-л.) in-payment ~ форма платежа income tax ~ бланк декларации на подоходный налог inquiry ~ анкета legal ~ правовая форма legal ~ юридическая форма letter ~ образец письма linguistic ~ лингвистическая форма ~ иск. форма, вид;
literary form литературная форма market ~ форма рынка missing letter ~ утерянный бланк письма model ~ типовая форма money order ~ бланк денежного перевода mortgage deed ~ бланк залогового сертификата mortgage deed ~ бланк ипотечного свидетельства narrative ~ форма отчета order ~ бланк заказа order ~ бланк требования order ~ форма приказа outpayment ~ форма выплаты ~ составлять;
parts form a whole части образуют целое payment notification ~ бланк уведомления о платеже postal note ~ бланк почтового перевода на сумму до 5 долл. (США) postal order ~ бланк денежного перевода printed ~ печатный бланк proposal ~ бланк заявки на торгах receipt ~ бланк квитанции receipt ~ образец расписки reduced ~ вчт. приведенная форма registration ~ регистрационный бланк reply ~ бланк для ответа report ~ анкета report ~ опросный лист report ~ переписной бланк report ~ форма статистического опросного листа requisition ~ бланк заявки requisition ~ форма заявки screen ~ file вчт. файл экранных форм sentential ~ вчт. сентенциальная форма share transfer ~ форма передачи права собственности на акции signature ~ образец подписи stamped ~ бланк со штампом standard ~ вчт. стандартная форма statement ~ форма заявления table ~ вчт. табличная форма tabular ~ полигр. плоская печатная форма tabular ~ вчт. табличная форма ~ форма;
внешний вид;
очертание;
in the form of a globe в форме шара;
to take the form (of smth.) принять форму (чего-л.) tax ~ бланк налоговой декларации transfer ~ бланк перевода

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > form
54 organización2

² = logistics, map, mapping, organisational setting, organising [organizing, -USA], setup [set-up], organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, staging, set-up, structuring, implementation.

Ex. Donald P Hammer, Executive Secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative Secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.

Ex. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.

Ex. Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.

Ex. Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.

Ex. No course on management would be complete without articulating the principles of management (i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling).

Ex. 'You know,' she had said amiably, 'there might be a better job for you here once things get rolling with this new regional setup'.

Ex. This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.

Ex. Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.

Ex. The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.

Ex. Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.

Ex. There are also suggestions for rules for structuring corporate body names.

Ex. This software is important to the further implementation of the record format, especially in developing countries.

----

* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.

* desorganización = disorganisation [disorganization, -USA].

* metaorganización = meta-organisation.

* modelo de organización = organisational scheme.

* organización bibliográfica = bibliographic organisation.

* organización bibliotecaria = library organisation.

* organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.

* organización de materias = subject organisation.

* organización horizontal = flat organisation, horizontal organisation.

* organización interna = organisational structure.

* organización laboral = job structuring.

* reorganización = respacing.

* una organización de = a pattern of.

Spanish-English dictionary > organización2
55 Umweltschutzvorschrift
1. нормативный документ в области охраны окружающей среды
2. нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- pollution control regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
нормативный документ в области охраны окружающей среды
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

environmental protection regulation
A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem. (Source: BLD / ISEP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- environmental protection regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de la protection de l'environnement
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltschutzvorschrift
56 нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
1. Umweltschutzvorschrift
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- pollution control regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
57 réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
1. нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- pollution control regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
58 нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
1. pollution control regulation
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- pollution control regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
59 нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
1. réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- pollution control regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
60 pollution control regulation
1. нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- pollution control regulation
DE
- Umweltschutzvorschrift
FR
- réglementation de lutte contre la pollution
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > pollution control regulation

Страницы

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