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81 ἠπανᾳ̃
ἠπανᾳ̃Grammatical information: v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Prob. connected with πανία `πλησμονή'; so with metr. length. for *ἀ-πανία (WP. 2, 8)? (But cf. σπανία `lack, shortage'.) DELG objects how η- can reflect an α- privans. Not with Fick 2, 42 to πῆ-μα, πη-ρός or with Curtius to πένομαι (with prefixal ἠ- after Prellwitz Glotta 19, 126).Page in Frisk: 1,638Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἠπανᾳ̃
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82 θρίδαξ
θρίδαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `lettuce' (Epich., Ion., hell.).Derivatives: θριδακί̄νη `id.' (Att., hell.; Chantraine Formation 204) with -ῑνίς f. (Stratt.), θριδακίσκα (Alkm. 20; Chantraine 407), θριδάκιον (Plu.); also θριδακίας = μανδραγόρας θῆλυς (Dsk., Chantraine 94) and the adj. θριδακ-ηΐς f. (Nic.), - ώδης (Dsc.) `lettuce-like'. - Several side-forms: θίδραξ (Arr., H.) with θιδρακίνη (H.; liquidametathesis; Schwyzer 258), θρύδαξ (pap.; after θρύον?), θρόδαξ (H.) with θοδράκιον (Choerob.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Acc. to Nehring Glotta 14, 151 Pre-Greek. Because of the typical leaves Strömberg Pflanzennamen 39 thinks of θρῖον `fig-leaf, leaf in gen..' and compares οἶδαξ `unripe figs'. Through association with τρι- `three' arose folketymological τετρακίνη = θριδακίνη (Hippon. 135). (Not with Wood ClassPhil. 16, 64f. to ONo. drīta `cacare' etc.) For ο\/ι cf. τορνία σταφυλή beside θρινία ἄμπελος, Fur. 392.Page in Frisk: 1,683Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρίδαξ
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83 ἰανογλέφαρος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `with violet-blue eyes'(Alkm. 13, 69, of girls), cf. ἰανοκρήδεμνος ἴοις ὅμοιον τὸ ἐπικράνισμα H.;Compounds: so extended from ἰο-γλέφαρος (Pi.) after the comparable compp. with κυανο- (ἰανογλέφαρος - χαίτης etc.; κυανοβλέφαρος first AP 5, 60); note also ἀγανο-βλέφαρος (Ibyc.). Also ἰανόφρυς PMich. 11, 13 after κυανόφρυς.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: On ἰανογλέφαρος Taillardat Rev. de phil. 79, 131ff., and Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 265 u. 285. Not with Kretschmer KZ 32, 539, Johansson ibd. 543 = ἑᾱνός; nor with Bq (s. ἑᾱνός) from ἰαίνω.Page in Frisk: 1,704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰανογλέφαρος
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84 μάγειρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slaughterer, butcher, cook' (Att. hell.)Other forms: Dor. μάγῑρος ; Aeol. μάγοιροςCompounds: as 2. member e.g. in ἀρχι-μάγειρος `upper-cook' (LXX, J., Plu.).Derivatives: Rare fem. μαγείραινα (Pherecr. 84; momentary formation, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 109 n. 3, Chantraine Form. 108, da Costa Ramalho Emer. 18, 38), μαγείρισσα (LXX; da Costa Ramalho ibd. 42). Dimin. μαγειρίσκος m. (Ath.) with magiriscium `small figure of a b.' (Plin.). Adj. μαγειρικός `belonging to cook or butcher' (Ar., Pl., Arist.) with - ικόν, - ική `art of cooking, butcher taxes etc.'; μαγειρώδης `butcher-like' (Eun.). Denom. verb μαγειρεύω `be cook or butcher' (hell.) with μαγειρ-εῖον `butchery, cook-shop `(Arist., hell.), - εία f. `boiled food' (Cato, Hdn. Epim.), - ηΐα f. `butcher-taxes?' (Eresos), - ευμα = - εία (H., Eust.), - ευτικός (late).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Here prob. also Άπόλλων Μαγίριος (Cyprus). The profession μάγειρος seems from Doric as an element of higher culinary culture to have come to Attic (for older δαιτρός?); the notation ει indicates a closed ē-sound resp. an open ī-sound (Schwyzer 275 with Wackernagel IF 25, 326f., Kretschmer Glotta 3, 320, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190). The earlier history of the word is unknown. Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 1, 255ff. supposes Macedonian origin, connecting μάχαιρα (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 38 f.); Schwyzer 471 n. 12 reminds of Lat. mactare; cf. also Chantraine Form. 234. Not with earliers (Bq, WP. 2, 226, Pok. 696 f.; doubting Schwyzer l.c.) to μάσσω `knead'. - If the Aeolian form is correct Pre-Greek? - The word looks non-IE. Is it Pre-Greek, deriving from *mag-ary-?Page in Frisk: 2,156Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάγειρος
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85 μείλιχος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `oft, mild, friendly' (Il.); also μειλίχιος `id.' (Il.); Μειλίχιος surn., esp. of Zeus (IA.), Att. also Μιλίχιος (early itacism, Schwyzer 193), Dor. Μηλ-, Arc. Μελ-, with Μειλιχιεῖον `temple of Zeus M.' (Halaesa); details in Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 411ff.Other forms: Aeol. μέλλιχος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μελλιχό-φωνος (Sapph.), ἀ-μείλιχος `unfriendly, irreconcilable' = ἀμείλικτος (Il.; cf. Frisk Adj.priv. 7f.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From μείλιχος: 1. μειλιχίη f. `softness, mildness' (O741, Hes., A. R.); 2. μειλιχώδης `soft' (Cerc.); μειλίχη f. `boxing-glove' (Paus. 8, 40, 3; cf. πυρρίχη); 4. μειλίσσω, aor. - ίξαι `calm' (Il.), also with ἐκ-; μείλιγμα ( μέλιχμα Miletos VIa ; Schulze Kl. Schr. 411) n. `means to calm, expiational offer' (κ 217), ( ἐκ-)μείλιξις `expiation' (Anon. ap. Suid., Eust.), μειλικ-τήριος `expiating' (A. Pers. 610), - τικῶς adv. `id.' (sch.); μείλικτρα pl. = μειλίγματα (A. R.). Popular formation with χ-suffix as in νηπίαχος, ὁσσίχος (Dor.) a. o. (Chantraine Form. 403f., Schwyzer 498, Locker Glotta 22, 58f.), firt to μείλια (s. v.), but without certain further connection. The diff. dialectforms μειλ-: μελλ-: μηλ- can be explained from μελ-ν-, whereby one thought partly of Lat. mel `honey', gen. mellis (if really from *mel-n-és), partly of Lith. malóne `mercy'; see the lit. in W.-Hofmann s. mel, melior and mītis; old lit. also in WP. 2, 244 and in Bq. -- Folketymologically μείλιχος was no doubt connected with μέλι (Chantraine Mél. Boisacq 1, 169ff.), but μειλισσέμεν H410 not with Schmid BphW 36, 1414ff. for *μελισσέμεν from μέλι, cf. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 242. On the coexistence of μειλιχίη and μειλίσσω Scheller Oxytonierung 40; observations on μείλιχος: μειλίχιος in Porzig Satzinhalte 207 f..Page in Frisk: 2,194-195Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μείλιχος
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86 μείων
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: μεῖον `smaller' (Il., Hp., X., Dor., Arc.; cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 115f.), also μειότερος (A. R., Arat.), superl. μεῖστος `least' (Lokr. Va, Hdn., H.).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in μειον-εκτέω `draw the shorter, be in disadvantage' with - εξία (X.), from μεῖον ἔχειν after πλεον-έκτης, - εκτέω, - εξία (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 166).Derivatives: Derivv. (analogical after the ο-stems [Schwyzer 731 f.], not with Egli Heteroklisie 77 from a secondary ο-stem μεῖο-ν): 1. μειότης f. `minority' (A.D., Vett.Val.); 2. μειόομαι, - όω `become smaller, be inferior, make smaller' (Hp., X., Arist.) with μεί-ωσις `lessening' (Hp., Arist.), - ωμα `lessening of wealth' = `penalty' (X. An. 5, 8, 1), - ώτης m. `who makes smaller' (Paul. Al.), - ωτικός `decreasing' (hell.).Etymology: Primary comparative from a verb `lessen' in Skt. minā́ti `lessen, damage', mī́yate `become less, dwindle'; cf. the opposite πλείων, πλέων, πλεῖστος (s. πολύς). The judgement of the general - ει- is uncertain. -- Myc. meujo, mewijo, appar. = μείων, cannot be combined with this explanation, but might find support in Toch. B maiwe `small, young' (from *meiu̯o-, *moiu̯o-; Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 157); but the u̯o-suffix (older u-stem?) belongs only to the positive. -- Diff. on μείων Osthoff. MU 6, 303ff.: from *μείνων to ἀ-μείνων (s.v.) with loss of the - ν- after πλείων (? improbable). Cf. μινύθω.Page in Frisk: 2,197-198Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μείων
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87 ξαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `card, comb wool ', metaph.. `scratch, mangle, lacerate' (ξ 423, IA.).Other forms:, fut. ξανῶ, aor. ξῆναι (late ξᾶναι), pass. ξανθῆναι, perf. midd. ἔξασμαι (hell. also ἔξαμμαι).Derivatives: ξάντης m. `woolcarder' (Pl.) with ξαντική (sc. τέχνη) f. `the art of carding wool' (Pl.), f. ξάντριαι `woolcadsters' (tit. of a drama of A.); ξάσμα n. `carded wool' (S. Fr. 1073), also ξάμμα (H. s. πεῖκος), ἀναξασ-μός m. `lacerating' (midd.), ξάνσις f. `carding of wool,' (Gloss.), ξάνιον n. `comb for carding' (Poll., AB, H.), also = ἐπί-ξηνον (Poll.), prob. after κτένιον, but not with Specht Ursprung 239 as old formation; ξανάω (Nik.), - ῆσαι (S.Fr. 498) `(with carding) work hard', ἀποξανᾶν κακοπαθεῖν H.; cf. ὑφανάω: ὑφαίνω and similar cases in Schwyzer 700. -- Here prob. also ἐπίξηνον `chopping-block' with unclear formation (diff., hardly correct, s.v.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Technical expression of woolpreparation, prob. first after the related ὑφαίνω; to ξέω, ξύω (s. vv. and Schwyzer 714). Outside Greek there are no agreements; the comparison with Lat. sentis m. `thorn-bush' (since Persson Stud. 135) is quite hypothetical. After Haas Ling. Posn. 3,76ff. ξαίνω, ξέω, ξύω belong as `protoidg.' to NHG hauen a. cognates, like ὀξύς to ὠκύς etc. (?). The (root)form ξαν- is difficult to explain from IE.; so Pre-Greek? Note also the unexplained ἐπίξηνον.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξαίνω
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88 διερός
A active, alive, twice in Hom.,οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνὴρ διερὸς βροτός Od.6.201
, cf. Aristarch. ad loc. (but perh. for δϝῐ-ερός, 'to be feared'); διερῷ ποδί with nimble foot, 9.43;διερῇ φλογί AP7.123
(Diog. Laert.).II after Hom., wet, liquid, ὕδατι διερόν cj. in Pi.Fr.107.14;αἷμα τὸ δ. A.Eu. 263
; τὸ δ., opp. ξηρόν, Anaxag. 4, 12; of the air, opp. λαμπρός, v. l. in Hp.Aër.15; of birds, which float through the air, Ar.Nu. 337; δ. μέλεα, of the nightingale's notes, dub. l. in Id.Av. 213;δ. καὶ βαρεῖα γῆ Thphr.CP3.23.2
;δ. φῦκος Ph. Bel.99.24
;τοῦ δ. παγέντος Alciphr.1.23
; δ. κέλευθος, of the sea, A.R.1.184; πώγων δ. [ὀστρέου] AP9.86 (Antiphil.);διερὰς χαίτας εὐώδεας Orph.Fr. 142
; δ. μόρος death by drowning, Opp.H.5.345; δ. πῦρ the watery star, i. e. the constellation Eridanus, Nonn.D.23.301. (Prop., acc. to Arist.GC 330a16 διερὸν μέν ἐστι τὸ ἔχον ἀλλοτρίαν ὑγρότητα ἐπιπολῆς, opp. βεβρεγμένον ( soaked through), but cf.σπόγγος ὄξει διερός Dsc.Eup.1.141
; διερά, = σεσηπότα, Hsch.) (In signf. 1, perh. cogn. with δίεμαι (but not with βίος): in signf. 11, prob. connected with διαίνω.) -
89 ὀχέω
Aὀχέεσκον Od.11.619
: [tense] fut. (anap.), E.Or. 802 (troch.): [tense] aor.ὤκχησα Call.Jov.23
(v. infr.):—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., [tense] impf.ὠχέετο Hdt.1.31
,- εῖτο X.Cyr.7.3.4
: [tense] fut.ὀχήσομαι Il.24.731
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.ὀχήσατο Od.5.54
: also [tense] aor.ὀχηθῆναι Hp.Art.58
, Luc.Lex.2: [dialect] Aeol. [tense] pres. part.ὀχήμενος Lyr.Adesp.51
: in [dialect] Att. Prose, used only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf.: Hom. never uses the augm.: [the first syll. is made long in Pi.O.2.67, Euph. 9.13, Lyc.64,1049, where it is written [full] ὀκχέω (Pi. and Euph.) or [full] ὀγχέω (Lyc.), cf.ὄχος 1.1
, ὄφις sub fin.]:—Frequentat. of ἔχω, as φορέω of φέρω (ἔχειν τε καὶ ὀχεῖν Pl.Cra. 400a
), hold fast, ἄγκυρα δ' ἥ μου τὰς τύχας ὤχει (sic leg.) .b endure, suffer,ὀχέοντας ὀϊζύν Od.7.211
;κακὸν μόρον.., ὅνπερ ἐγὼν ὀχέεσκον 11.619
;ἣν ἄτην ὀχέων 21.302
;ἀπροσόρατον ὀκχέοντι πόνον Pi.O.2.67
;ἄχθος ὀ. Hp.Fract.9
; τἀγαθὰ μὴ.. ὀ. εὐπόρως bear prosperity not with moderation, Democr.173.c continue, keep doing, νηπιάας ὀχέειν to keep on with childish ways, like ἔχειν, ἄγειν, Od.1.297; φρουρὰν ἄζηλον ὀχήσω will maintain an unenviable watch, A. l.c.2 carry,χερσὶ λύρην Thgn.534
; τινα E.Or. 802;φιάλην X.Cyr.1.3.8
; of the legs, carry the body, Hp.Art.52; so of the soul, Pl.Cra. l.c.3 let another ride, mount,αὐτὸς βαδίζω.., τοῦτον δ' ὀχῶ Ar. Ra.23
; of a general, let the men ride, X.Eq.Mag.4.1.II more freq. in [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., to be borne or carried, have oneself borne,ὀχήσατο κύμασιν Ἑρμῆς Od.5.54
;νηυσὶν ὀχήσονται Il.24.731
;ἵπποισιν ὀχεῖτο h.Ven. 217
; soἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ὀχέεσθαι Hdt.1.31
, cf. Ar.Pl. 1013;ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων X.Cyr.4.5.58
;ἐφ' ἅρματος Pl.Ly. 208a
; ἐν [ἁρμαμάξῃ] X.Cyr.7.3.4;δελφῖνος περὶ νώτῳ Opp.H.5.449
; ἐπὶ θατέρου σκέλους ὀχοῦνται τὸ σῶμα let their weight rest on.., Plu.2.967c: metaph., to be carried or brought to ([etym.] ἐπί), Dam.Pr.26, cf. 68,99;ὁ χρόνος.. συνθεῖ [τῇ κινήσει] ὡς ἐπὶ φερομένης ὀχούμενος Plot.6.3.22
.2 abs., drive, ride, sail, etc., [ἵπποι] ἀλεγεινοὶ.. ὀχέεσθαι difficult to use in a chariot, Il.10.403, cf. Ar.Ra.25, D.21.171; of a dislocated bone, which rides on the edge of another instead of resting in the socket, Hp.Art. 51.3 of a ship, ride at anchor, metaph., λεπτή τις ἐλπίς ἐστ' ἐφ' ἧς ὀχούμεθα 'tis but a slender hope on which we ride at anchor, Ar.Eq. 1244; , cf. Pl.Lg. 699b; soἐπ' ἀσθενοῦς ῥώμης E.Or.69
; but, ἐπὶ τούτου [τοῦ λόγου], ὥσπερ ἐπὶ σχεδίας buoyed up, carried, Pl.Phd. 85d;νεὼς ἐκπεσὼν.. ἐπ' ἐλπίδος ὀχεῖταί τινος Plu.2.1103e
; τὰ ὀχούμενα floating bodies, in title of work by Archimedes, Str.1.3.11, cf. 15.1.38, Hero Spir.1 Praef.;εἰδώλου καλοῦ ἐφ' ὕδατος ὀχουμένου Plot.1.6.8
; of Delos, οὗ νᾶσος ὀχεῖται floats, Orac. ap. D.H.1.19; cf. ὁρμέω. -
90 γραψαῖος
Grammatical information: m.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Not with Chantraine, Rev. Ph. 1965, 211-214 from γράφω. With Frisk "Herkunft unbekannt, vielleicht Mittelmeerwort." He compared κάραβος (Epich.). Fur. 123, 154 adduced other forms for `beetle' and `crab': Lat. scarabaeus, which supposes *σκαραβαῖος (note the agreement with our word); σκορόβυλος (from *σκορβ-) and σκορπίος. So we have: proth. s-, var. α\/ο, β\/π, all of which point to a Pre-Greek word. Fur. assumes that γραψ- stands for *γαρψ-; the ψ is difficult. This gives a word (s)karP-. Further καράμβιος (Fur. 109), καρβάρεοι κάραβοι H.; 169 καραβίδες; κηραφίς and κεράμβυξ, κεράμβηλον (with ε\/α and prenasalization). Frisk points to the "allgemeine Ähnlichkeit mit ital. ( g)ravosta, nhd. Krebs, Krabbe und anderen germ. Wörtern ebenso wie mit κάραβος".Page in Frisk: 1,326Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γραψαῖος
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91 δένδρεον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `tree' (Hom., Pi.)Compounds: Compp. 1. subst. καρυό-, λιθό-, ῥοδό-, σταφυλό-; 2. many bahuvrihi's in - δενδρος; δένδρος n., m. (Ion. Dor.; s. below)Derivatives: δενδρ-ύφιον (Thphr.; s. Schwyzer 471 n. 7; untenable Specht Ursprung 267), δενδρίον (Agathokl.). - δενδρώδης `rich in trees' (Hp.), δενδρήεις `rich in trees' (Od.; s. Schwyzer 527), δενδρίτης, - ῖτις `belonging to the tree', also name of a stone (Thphr.; vgl. Redard Les noms grecs en - της [s. Index]), rare δενδρώτης, - ῶτις `with tree' (Hdn., E.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 128 A. 2, Redard 13); δενδρικός `belonging to a tree' (Thphr.), δενδριακός `id.' (AP), δένδρινος `id.' (gloss.), δενδραῖος `from trees' (Nonn.), δενδράς f. `id.' (Nonn.). - δενδρών and δένδρωμα `thicket' (Aq.). - Denomin. δενδρόομαι, - όω `grow to a tree, change into a tree' (Thphr.) with δένδρωσις (Thphr.). - On δενδρυάζω s. δενδρύω.Etymology: The form δένδρος is from the plural forms δένδρεα, - έων (from δένδρεον) ; the usual Attic form δένδρον is also secondary (cf. ἀδελφός from ἀδελφεός? and Schwyzer 583.), Wackernagel Unt. 109f., Shipp Studies 21f., 55. - δένδρεον \< *δένδρεϜον agrees with the Germanic word for `tree', Goth. triu, OE treow `tree' etc., PGm. *treu̯a- \< IE *dreu̯o-; though the form of the reuplication is rare (not with DELG to γάγγραινα). Further s. δόρυ, δρῦς. (Skt. daṇḍá- m. `stick, club' acc. to Kuiper Proto-Munda Words in Sanskrit 75ff. is a local LW [loanword].) Janda, Stock und Stein (1977) assumes *dem-dreu̯-om `tree planted near the house', like Strunk, Analecta Indoeuropaea Cracoviensia, vol. II: Kurylowicz Memorial Volume. Part One. Ed. W. Smoczyński, 357-63. (But does this type of compound exist?).Page in Frisk: 1,365-366Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δένδρεον
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92 ἔθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `custom, usage' (Ion.-Att.).Derivatives: Old only ἐθάς m. f. `usual' (Hp., Th.); late ἔθιμος `usual' (Amorgos Ia, D. S. etc.; after νόμιμος, Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 99), ἐθικός `usual' (Plu.), ἐθήμων `id.' (Musae.) with ἐθημο-λογέω `collect as usual' (AP), ἐθημοσύνη (H., Suid.). Denomin. verb ἐθίζω (not with Schwyzer 716 from *ἔθω, s. ἔθων and εἴωθα) with ἔθισμα `usage' (Pl.), ἐθισμός `custom' (Arist.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [883] *su̯edʰ- `own character'?Etymology: If one assumes *Ϝέθος from IE *su̯édhos (with dissimilation) one can compare Skt. svadhā,́ `use, own character'. Further there is the Germ. word for `custom', Goth. sidus m. etc., which will go back on IE * sedhu-. Also Lat. sodālis `comrade' as *su̯edhālis (su̯odh-) has been compared. The basis of su̯edh-, sedh- can be the reflexive *s(u̯)e (s. ἕ, ἑ); "das erweiternde dh wird gewöhnlich, aber ganz willkürlich, mit dem Wort für `setzen, tun' (s. τίθημι) identifiziert" (Frisk). - See εἴωθα, ἦθος, aslo ἔτης and ἕταρος.Page in Frisk: 1,449Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔθος
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93 καρός
Grammatical information: gen.Meaning: only in τίω δέ μιν ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ (Ι 378) indicating something useless.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Etymology: Here perhaps καριμοίρους, explained by H. in two ways: τοὺς ἐν μηδεμιᾳ̃ μοίρᾳ, η μισθοφόρους. - Mostly as "(something) cut off, futile" connected with κείρω, but perh. rather from κάρ `louse' (H.), which would be more visual and impressive (from κείρω we cannot get καρ-). Not with Schwyzer Glotta 12, 17f. a. n. gen. of κήρ (s.v.) `goddess of death' with old ablaut.Page in Frisk: 1,790-791Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καρός
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94 λωφάω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `recover, take rest, give over', also trans. (poet.) `lighten, relieve' (Pl. Phdr. 251 c); on the meaning Fowler AmJPh 78, 176 a. 179.Other forms: - έω (hell.); aor. λωφῆσαι (ι 459), fut. λωφήσω (Φ 292 etc.), perf. λελώφηκα (Th., Pl.).Compounds: rarely with prefix, e.g. κατα-.Derivatives: λώφησις `cessation' (Th.), λῶφαρ λώφημα H., λωφήϊος `relieving, expiatory' (A. R. 2, 485). For the form cf. πωτάομαι, νωμάω, στρωφάω usw., so prob. deverbat. (Schwyzer 719).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown. Connection with ἐλαφρός, ἐλαχύς etc. (Bq), is impossible. Better is the comparison with Germ., e.g. OHG labōn ' laben, refresh' (Bezzenberger BB 5, 318), for which however a loan from Lat. lavāre `wash' is considered (WP. 2, 442 f., W.-Hofmann s. lavō). Not with Schwyzer 719 n. 4: to IE * sleubh- `hang down' (Pok. 964).Page in Frisk: 2,154Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λωφάω
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95 μάρτυς
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `witness' (Il.; on the spread etc. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 92 f., on the use in Homer Nenci Par. del Pass. 13, 221ff.) `martyr, (blood-witness)' (christ. lit.; s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).Other forms: Aeol. (Hdn. Gr.) a. Dor. μάρτυρ, Cret. Epid. μαῖτυς (- ρς), - ρος, acc. also μάρτυν (Simon.), dat. pl. μάρτυσι (- ρσι Hippon.?); ep., also NWGr. μάρτυρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μαρτυρο-ποιέομαι `call as witness' (inscr., pap.), ψευδό-μαρτυς `false witness' (Pl.; Risch IF 59, 257 f.), ἐπί-μαρτυς `witness' (Ar., Call., A. R.), prob. backformation from ἐπι-μαρτύρομαι, - ρέω; on supposed ἐπιμάρτυρος (for ἔπι μάρτυρος) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 71.Derivatives: μαρτυρία (λ 325; cf. below on μαρτυρέω), μαρτύριον (IA) `testimony, evidence'. Denominatives: 1. μαρτύρομαι, also wiht prefix, e.g. δια-, ἐπι-, `call as witness' (IA); 2. μαρτυρέω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, δια-, κατα-, συν-, `testify, bear witness' (Alc., Pi., IA) with μαρτύρημα (E.), ( ἀντι-, κατα-)-μαρτύρησις (Epicur., pap.) `testimony', also ( δια-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συμ-) μαρτυρία `id.' (cf. above and Scheller Oxytonierung 34f. w. n. 4).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The basis may be a verbal noun *μάρ-τυ- `testimony', seen in μάρ-τυς, - τυν, - τυσι; cf. below. The change from abstract `testimony' to appellative `witness' is attested more often, e.g. Fr. témoin \< Lat. testimonium, Engl. witness orig. `testimony', then `witness'. The suffix ρο- gave the personal, prob. orig. adjectival μάρτυ-ρος. A compromise with μάρτυς gave perhaps the consonantstem μάρτυρ-; note esp. the gen. pl. μαρτύρων ( ἐναντίον μαρτύρων etc.), which can be both from the o-stem and from the consonantstem; further see Egli Heteroklisie 117ff. Dissimilation occurred in μαῖτυ(ρ)ς (\< *μάρτυρ-ς); μάρτυσι and μάρτυς can be explained in the same way (Schwyzer 260); cf. above. - As zero grade τυ-derivation μάρτυς may belong to a verb for `remember', which may be found in Skt. smárati and which may have other derivatives in Greek, e.g. μέριμνα (s. v.); proper meaning *'remembrance'. -- Not with Thieme Studien 55 (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from *mr̥t-tur prop. `seizing death' (?), cf. Leumann Gnomon 25, 191. - But this cannot explain the vocalism, so rather a loand from Pre-Greek (Fur. 296). The speculations above, which start from an IE origin, must be rejected.Page in Frisk: 2,178-179Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρτυς
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96 μεῖον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `small animal (sheep or lambs), which were offered at the Apaturia' (Att. inscr., Is., sch.);Compounds: As 1. member in μει-αγωγός `who brings the animals on the weighing-machine' (Eup. 116) with μει-αγωγέω (Ar. Ra. 798), - εῖον, - ία (Suid.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prop. ntr. of the comparative μείων (s. v.) with transition in the ο-flexion; on which Egli Heteroklisie 77. Not with Osthoff MU 6, 310 n. 2 to the IE word for `ram, sheep etc.' in Skt. meṣá m. `ram, sheep, fell', OCS měchъ `leather sack' etc. (WP. 2, 303, Pok. 747).Page in Frisk: 2,195Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μεῖον
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97 νυκτάλωψ
νυκτάλωψ, - ωποςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: prop. `nightseeing' = `dayblind', as subst. m. `nightseeing' = `dayblindness', second. `night-blind, nightblindness' (Hp., Arist., Gal.); cf. Gal. 14, 776: νυκτάλωπας δε λέγουσιν, ὅταν ἡμέρας μεν βλέπωσιν ἀμαυρότερον, δυομένου δε ἡλίου λαμπρότερον, νυκτὸς δε ἔτι μᾶλλον η ὑπεναντίως, ἡμέρας μεν ὀλίγα, ἑσπέρας δε η νυκτὸς οὑδ' ὅλως; opposite ἡμεράλωψ (Gal. 14, 768 e Dem. Ophth.).Derivatives: νυκταλωπ-ικά n. pl. `attacks of ν.' (Hp.), - ιάω `suffer of ν.' (Gal.) with - ίασις (Orib.). Formation of νύξ in - ωψ with analogical λ-enlargement as in αἱμ-άλωψ (: αἷμα, αἱμαλέος), θυμ-άλωψ (cf. θυμ-ιάω, θυ-μός); cf. also αἰγίλωψ, ἀγχίλωψ and Schwyzer 426 n. 4.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: Formation of νύξ in - ωψ with analogical λ-enlargement as in αἱμ-άλωψ (: αἷμα, αἱμαλέος), θυμ-άλωψ (cf. θυμ-ιάω, θυ-μός); cf. also αἰγίλωψ, ἀγχίλωψ and Schwyzer 426 n. 4. Not with Bechtel KZ 45, 229 f. (agreeing Prellwitz Glotta 16, 154 and Schwyzer 259) from *νυκτ-άνωψ = `in the night notseeing' dissimilated. Cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 74. On - ωπ- see αἰγί-, ἀγχί-λωψ, which is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νυκτάλωψ
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98 πεζός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `going on foot, living on the land', of men and animals, `walker, foot-soldier', coll. `infantry, land-force' (Il.); metaph. `common, prosaic' (hell. a. late).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. πεζο-μάχ-ᾱς, - ος `fighting as a foot-soldier' with - έω, - ία (Pi., IA.).Derivatives: πεζ-ικός `belonging to πεζός' (Att. etc.: ἱππικός, ναυτικός; details in Chantraine Études 126 w. n. 1), - ίτης m. = πεζός (Suid.: ὁπλίτης), - ότης, - ητος f. `the being πεζός' (Arist. -comm.); πεζ-εύω `to go on foot, to be a walker' (Att., Arist.) mit - ευτικός `going on foot' (Arist.).Etymology: But for the accent formally identical with Skt. pád-ya- `regarding the foot', IE *ped-i̯o-. (The suffix not with Schulze and Brugmann from the verb `to go', εἶ-μι (s. Schwyzer 472); in opposition to Lat. acu-ped-ius `quickfooted' with i̯o -enlargement as Norw. fior-fit `lizard' (prop. "four-footed"). Further s. πούς.Page in Frisk: 2,486-487Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πεζός
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99 πῡός 2
πῡός 2.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `animal-milk, first breast-milk' (com.).Derivatives: Besides πυετία, also (with contr. resp. metathesis) πυτία, πιτύα f. `clotted milk, rennet' (Arist., hell.), from *πυετός, to πυός as παγετός to πάγος a.o. (Schwyzer 501; diff. Scheller Oxytonierung 52, where many details).Etymology: Prob. in essence identical with πύον, πύος `pus' (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 848f), but with gender and accent after ὀρός, τυρός, which belong to the same sphere of meaning. The byforms πύαρ and πύας (if the tradition is correct) after ἔαρ, πῖαρ, resp. ἅλας, κρέας a.o. Both the consistency and other properties (smell, fermentation etc.) may have caused the transference. The expressions for congeal, getting sour, ferment, also of rotting touch each other now and then, e.g. Skt. śara- m. `sour cream', also śáras- n. `skin on cooked milk', Lat. cariēs `decay', both to the verb for `break' in Skt. śr̥ṇā́ti, κεραΐζω (s.v.) a.o., ptc. śīrṇá- `rotten, spoiled', to which also Lat. colostra `beesting', if from * corostra, may belong; s. Lidén KZ 61, 1ff. w. extensive treatment. -- Not with Persson Beitr. 1, 259 n. 3, Bq and Hofmann Et. Wb. s.v. (all hesitating) to Skt. púṣyati `thrive' (IE * pu-s- `swell').Page in Frisk: 2,627Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡός 2
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100 Εἰλείθυια
Meaning: Name of the birthgoddes(ses), often in plur (Ion.-Att.). Also Έλείθυια (Pi., inscr.), Εἰλήθυια (Call., Paus. a. o.), Έλεύθυια (Cret.), Έλευθίη (Paros), Έλευθία, with assibilation Έλευσία (Lakon.); and other variants. Short form Έλευθώ (AP a. o.) and quite different Εἰλιόνεια (Plu. 2, 277b; correct?). On the forms Kalén Quaest. gramm. graecae 8 A. 1.Dialectal forms: Myc. EreutijaOrigin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. If. 'Ελεύθυια is the old form, through dissimilation (or after 'Ωρείθυια?; s. Kalén l. c.) Έλείθυια and, with metr. lengthening, Εἰλείθυια? Schulze Q. 260f. connects ἐλευθ- with ἐλεύσομαι, ἤλυθον. Wackernagel too (s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. I2, 313) starts from Έλεύθυια, which he considers because of the PN Έλευθέρνα as Pre-Greek. Also Güntert Kalypso 38 n. 3, 258 takes Ε(ἰ)λείθυια as Pre-Greek, which was adapted to ἐλεύθ-ω `bring' (Dor.;) as `who brings forth' vgl. Lat. Fortuna: ferre).-Not with Theander (s. Nilsson l.c. n 11) to ελελευ. Diff. Vürtheim; s. the criticism by Kretschmer Glotta 16, 192; also Kerenyi Saeculum 1,241. Beekes, Studies Watkins 24f, shows that the suffix - υια is Pre-Greek.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Εἰλείθυια
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