forms+up

audax, ācis, adj. [from audeo, as ferax from fero, capax from capio], daring, in a good, but oftener in a bad sense, bold, courageous, spirited; audacious, rash, presumptuous, foolhardy (syn.: fortis, temerarius).

Lit.

Absol.:

qui me alter est audacior homo, aut qui me confidentior?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 1:

quae non deliquit, decet Audacem esse,

id. ib. 2, 2, 207:

o scelestum atque audacem hominem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 42:

O hominem audacem!

id. And. 4, 4, 30:

rogitas, audacissime?

id. Eun. 5, 4, 26:

Verres homo audacissimus atque amentissimus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 2 fin.; id. Rosc. Am. 1:

temerarius et audax,

id. Inv. 1, 3:

petulans et audax,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 4:

alii audaces, protervi,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

audaces, sibi placentes,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 2, 10:

de improbis et audacibus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 3:

adulescentes quosdam eligit cum audacissimos tum viribus maximis,

Nep. Dion, 9, 3:

da facilem cursum atque audacibus annue coeptis,

Verg. G. 1, 40:

poëta,

a poet who remains unmoved amid praise and blame, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 182 Schmid:

audax Iapeti genus,

id. C. 1, 3, 25; 3, 27, 28:

conjunx timidi aut audacis Ulixis,

Ov. M. 14, 671:

furit audacissimus omni De numero Lycabas,

id. ib. 3, 623 al.—

Constr.,

With abl.:

viribus audax,

Verg. A. 5, 67:

audax juventā,

id. G. 4, 565.—

With gen.:

audax ingenii,

Stat. S. 3, 2, 64; 5, 3, 135:

animi,

id. Th. 10, 495; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 4; Sil. 14, 416.—

With inf.:

audax omnia perpeti,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 25:

leges inponere,

Prop. 5, 5, 13:

casus audax spondere secundos,

Luc. 7, 246.—

With ad:

ad facinus audacior,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5.—

Transf. to things:

audax facinus,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 2; so id. And. 2, 3, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 4; so,

animus,

Sall. C. 5, 4:

consilium,

Liv. 25, 38:

lingua,

Vulg. Eccli. 21, 8:

res,

Liv. 26, 38:

spes audacior,

Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 35:

paupertas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51:

dithyrambi,

id. C. 4, 2, 10: verba, bold, i. e. unusual, poetic, Quint. 10, 5, 4:

hyperbole audacioris ornatūs,

id. 8, 6, 67:

volatus,

Ov. M. 8, 223 al. —

Meton., violent, fierce, proud: Nunc audax cave sis, *Cat. 50, 18:

ambitiosus et audax,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 165:

Cerberus,

Tib. 1, 10, 35:

leones,

Vulg. Sap. 11, 18:

Hecate,

Sen. Med. 844.— Adv., boldly, courageously, audaciously; in two forms,

audācĭter (the original but unusual form; cf.: licet omnes oratores aliud sequantur, i. e. the form audacter, Quint. 1, 6, 17): Multa scelerate, multa audaciter, multa improbe fecisti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104 B. and K.; cf. Prisc. p. 1014 P.;

Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. l. l.: audaciter se laturum fuisse de etc.,

Liv. 22, 25:

audaciter negantem,

id. 40, 55 Weissenb.; Sen. Prov. 4.—

audacter (the usu. class. form):

loquere audacter patri,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 82:

monere,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 6:

audacter inter reges versari,

Lucr. 2, 50; Cat. 55, 16; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, id. Rosc. Am. 11; id. Fin. 2, 9, 28; id. Ac. 2, 25, 81; Liv. 9, 34; 44, 4:

patrare,

Vulg. Gen. 34, 30; ib. Jud. 20, 31; ib. Marc. 15, 43 al.— Comp.:

quoi tuum concredat filium audacius,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Or. 8, 26; 60, 202; Caes. B. G. 1, 15; 1, 18; Nep. Epam. 9, 1:

scribere,

Vulg. Rom. 15, 15.— Sup.:

audacissume oneris quid vis inpone,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 28; Caes. B. G. 2, 10; 5, 15; Liv. 30, 30 (on these forms, v. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 661 sq.).

cŏm-ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum (comessum, Prol. ad Plaut. p 102 Ritschl), or estum, 3, v. a. (comesus, the more usual form, Cato, R. R. 58; Varr R. R. 1, 2, 11; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 5, Juv 1, 34; Valgius ap. Diom. p. 382 P—Hence, comessurus, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 25:

comestus,

Cato, R. R 50; Cic. Clu. 62, 173, acc. to Prisc. p. 893; and Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 6, and Didius ap. Diom. l. l.—Contr forms:

comes,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 11:

comest,

id. ib. 3, 1, 26; id. Trin. 2, 1, 20, id. Truc. 2, 7, 36;

Lucil, Titin., Afran., Varr., Cic. Hortens. ap. Non p. 81, 9 sq., comestis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 54:

comesse,

id. Cas. 4, 1, 21; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 8, id. Most. 1, 1, 13; id. Men. 4, 2, 64; Cic. Fl. 36, 91; Cat. 23, 4:

comesses,

Mart. 5, 39, 10:

comesset,

Cic. Sest. 51, 110, Cat. 29, 15:

comesto,

Cato, R. R. 156, 1.—Old forms:

comedim,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 4; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 91; Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 83, 32 comedis, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 65:

comedint,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 53), to eat entirely up, to eat, consume (class.; esp. freq. in Plaut.).

Prop.:

ubi oleae comesae erunt,

Cato, R. R. 58:

ubi daps profanata comestaque erit,

id. ib. 50:

quod bibit, quod comest,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 20:

corbitam cibi Comesse possunt,

id. Cas. 4, 1, 21:

quid comedent?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 14:

celerius potuit (venenum) comestum quam epotum in venas permanare?

Cic. Clu. 62, 173:

ex se enim natos comesse fingitur solitus (Saturnus),

id. N. D. 2, 25, 64: quorum Dentes vel silicem comesse possunt. Cat. 23, 4:

haec porcis hodie comedenda relinques,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 19: te muscae comedissent, Sicinius ap. Cic. Brut. 60, 217; and ap. Quint. 11, 3, 129: panem, Afer ap. Quint. 6, 3, 93.—Facetiously: lacertum Largii, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 240.—

Prov.:

tam facile vinces quam pirum volpes comest,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 32; and: cenà comesā venire, i. e. to come too late; post festum, a day after the fair, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.: comedere aliquem oculis, to devour with one ' s eyes, i. e. to long eagerly for, Mart. 9, 60, 3: se, to consume one ' s self ( by grief, sorrow, etc.), to waste or pine away, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36; so Cic. Hortens. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 81, 29. —

Meton., to waste, dissipate, spend, squander:

comedunt quod habent,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 6; cf.:

aurum in lustris,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 91. meam dotem comest, Titin. ap. Non. p. 81, 16: paternam pecuniam, Novius ap. Non. p. 81, 25:

nummos,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 25:

cura ut valeas, ne ego te jacente bona tua comedim,

id. ib. 9, 20, 3:

beneficia Caesaris,

id. Phil. 11, 14, 37:

patrimonium,

id. Sest. 52, 111; Quint. 6, 3, 74:

rem (sc. familiarem),

Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2:

bona,

id. Sest. 51, 110; id. Fl. 36, 91; id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 83, 32; Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 40:

cantherium,

i. e. its value in money, Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4.— Hence,

Transf. in the lang. of comedy: comedere aliquem, to waste or consume the property of any person, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 65; id. Most. 1, 1, 11 sq.; id. Ps. 4, 7, 25; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 57.

cŏmĕdo, ōnis ( cŏmĕdus, i, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 6 Müll.; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 139), m. [1. comedo], a glutton, gormandizer, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 9; Varr. ib. p. 93, 21; cf. Paul. l. l.

cŏm-ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum (comessum, Prol. ad Plaut. p 102 Ritschl), or estum, 3, v. a. (comesus, the more usual form, Cato, R. R. 58; Varr R. R. 1, 2, 11; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 5, Juv 1, 34; Valgius ap. Diom. p. 382 P—Hence, comessurus, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 25:

comestus,

Cato, R. R 50; Cic. Clu. 62, 173, acc. to Prisc. p. 893; and Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 6, and Didius ap. Diom. l. l.—Contr forms:

comes,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 11:

comest,

id. ib. 3, 1, 26; id. Trin. 2, 1, 20, id. Truc. 2, 7, 36;

Lucil, Titin., Afran., Varr., Cic. Hortens. ap. Non p. 81, 9 sq., comestis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 54:

comesse,

id. Cas. 4, 1, 21; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 8, id. Most. 1, 1, 13; id. Men. 4, 2, 64; Cic. Fl. 36, 91; Cat. 23, 4:

comesses,

Mart. 5, 39, 10:

comesset,

Cic. Sest. 51, 110, Cat. 29, 15:

comesto,

Cato, R. R. 156, 1.—Old forms:

comedim,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 4; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 91; Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 83, 32 comedis, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 65:

comedint,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 53), to eat entirely up, to eat, consume (class.; esp. freq. in Plaut.).

Prop.:

ubi oleae comesae erunt,

Cato, R. R. 58:

ubi daps profanata comestaque erit,

id. ib. 50:

quod bibit, quod comest,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 20:

corbitam cibi Comesse possunt,

id. Cas. 4, 1, 21:

quid comedent?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 14:

celerius potuit (venenum) comestum quam epotum in venas permanare?

Cic. Clu. 62, 173:

ex se enim natos comesse fingitur solitus (Saturnus),

id. N. D. 2, 25, 64: quorum Dentes vel silicem comesse possunt. Cat. 23, 4:

haec porcis hodie comedenda relinques,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 19: te muscae comedissent, Sicinius ap. Cic. Brut. 60, 217; and ap. Quint. 11, 3, 129: panem, Afer ap. Quint. 6, 3, 93.—Facetiously: lacertum Largii, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 240.—

Prov.:

tam facile vinces quam pirum volpes comest,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 32; and: cenà comesā venire, i. e. to come too late; post festum, a day after the fair, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.: comedere aliquem oculis, to devour with one ' s eyes, i. e. to long eagerly for, Mart. 9, 60, 3: se, to consume one ' s self ( by grief, sorrow, etc.), to waste or pine away, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36; so Cic. Hortens. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 81, 29. —

Meton., to waste, dissipate, spend, squander:

comedunt quod habent,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 6; cf.:

aurum in lustris,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 91. meam dotem comest, Titin. ap. Non. p. 81, 16: paternam pecuniam, Novius ap. Non. p. 81, 25:

nummos,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 25:

cura ut valeas, ne ego te jacente bona tua comedim,

id. ib. 9, 20, 3:

beneficia Caesaris,

id. Phil. 11, 14, 37:

patrimonium,

id. Sest. 52, 111; Quint. 6, 3, 74:

rem (sc. familiarem),

Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2:

bona,

id. Sest. 51, 110; id. Fl. 36, 91; id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 83, 32; Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 40:

cantherium,

i. e. its value in money, Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4.— Hence,

Transf. in the lang. of comedy: comedere aliquem, to waste or consume the property of any person, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 65; id. Most. 1, 1, 11 sq.; id. Ps. 4, 7, 25; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 57.

cŏmĕdo, ōnis ( cŏmĕdus, i, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 6 Müll.; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 139), m. [1. comedo], a glutton, gormandizer, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 9; Varr. ib. p. 93, 21; cf. Paul. l. l.

dĕus, i ( voc. sing. deus, Vulg. Psa. 22, 3 al.;

but, dee,

Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 29; Prud. Hamart. 931; cf. Prob. Inst. Art. 532, p. 340. The nom. plur. is di and dei; dii is freq. in MSS., but prob. indicates only the length of the ī. Di alone is found in Verg. and Hor.; di and dei indifferently in post-Aug. poets.— Gen.: deōrum and deum. — Poet. also, divum or divom, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; Verg. A. 1, 46 et saep.; Hor. Od. 1, 2, 25 al.— Dat.: dis or diis, usually monosyl.; and, deis, mostly postAug.; also,

DIBVS,

Inscr. Orell. 1307; 1676; 3091; 3413;

and DIIBVS,

ib. 2118; 4608.—As monosyllable, deus, Plaut. Am. prol. 53: deorum, dissyl. id. ib. 45;

but dĭī,

Luc. 4, 493:

dĕī,

id. 4, 519:

dĕīs,

Val. Fl. 7, 29), m. [root in Sanscr.: dī, div- (dyu-), to gleam: dyāus (Gr. zeus), heaven: dévas, God; cf. Gr. dios, eudia; but not theos, Curt. Gr. etym. 503 sqq.]. a god, a deity (for syn. cf.: divus, numen).

Prop., Cic. N. D. 1, 22 sq.; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65 sq.; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14: qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 (Ann. v. 116 sq. ed Vahl.): ab Jove ceterisque dis deabusque immortalibus... deorum immortalium numen, Cic. Rab. perd. 2, 5 et innum. al.—

Special combinations.

Forms of ejaculation:

di,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 13:

di boni,

id. And. 2, 2, 1; id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; Cic. Att. 6, 6 fin. al.:

di immortales,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 299; id. Ep. 5, 1, 21; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 28 fin. et saep.; cf.:

pro di immortales,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 190; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 1:

di magni,

Ov. F. 6, 187:

di deaeque, Plin. H. N. prooem. § 24: di vostram fidem,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 78; id. Trin. 2, 4, 190; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5 al. (for which in full:

di, obsecro vostram fidem,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 78); cf.:

pro deum atque hominum fidem,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 2; id. Hec. 2, 1, 1 al.;

and ellipt.: pro deum immortalium,

Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 4.—

Forms of wishing (well or ill), greeting, asseveration, etc.:

di bene vortant,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10;

and in the order: di vortant bene,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 98; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121:

utinam di faxint ut, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; cf.:

ita di deaeque faxint,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 27:

di faciant, ut, ne, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35; 2, 5, 13:

di prohibeant,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 36; cf.: di averruncent, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 2 A, 1; and:

quod di omen avertant,

the gods forbid, Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

di melius faciant,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 81; cf.:

di melius duint,

Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 16:

di meliora ferant,

Tib. 3, 4, 1:

di meliora velint,

Ov. M. 7, 37;

also ellipt.: di meliora,

God forbid! Cic. Phil. 8, 3, 9; id. de Sen. 14, 47; Liv; 39, 10 et saep.;

and di melius,

Ov. H. 3, 125; Sen. Ep. 98 med.:

dent tibi di multa bona,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; id. Trin. 5, 2, 28; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21:

di te servassint,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103 et saep.:

di me servatum volunt,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 61; id. Trin. 4, 3, 69 [p. 565] et saep.:

di te perduint (perdant),

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Ps. 4, 7, 129; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 10 al.; cf.:

di te eradicent,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 22; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 28; and:

di tibi male faciant,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 47; Cic. Fam. 11, 21 al.:

di te ament (amabunt), as a form of greeting,

God bless you! Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 27; 3, 2, 28; id. Men. 2, 2, 6 al.:

ita me di ament (amabunt),

so help me the gods! Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 4, 44 et saep.; cf.:

ita me di bene ament,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 1; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

per deos immortales,

by the immortal gods! Cic. Phil. 3, 14:

per deos,

id. Off. 2, 2 al.:

cum dis volentibus,

by the gods' help, Enn. in Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 ed. Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41; id. Pers. 3, 1, 4; cf.:

dis volentibus,

God willing, Sall. 3, 14, 19:

si dis placet,

if it please the gods, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 94;

for which: si di volent,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 88;

more freq.: si dis placet, ironically or contemptuously,

an't please the gods; if you please; forsooth, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Pis. 16 fin.; Liv. 6, 40; 34, 32; Quint. 8, 3, 44; Flor. 3, 4, 1 al.:

di hominesque,

i. e. all the world, every body, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19; Sall. C. 15, 4; Liv. 3, 17; 3, 19 al.:

dis hominibusque invitis,

in spite of every body, Cic. Vatin. 16, 38; id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 1.—

Esp.

In poets sometimes a goddess; cf. Gr. theos:

ducente deo (sc. Venere),

Verg. A. 2, 632:

audentes deus ipse juvat (sc. Fortuna),

Ov. M. 10, 586; Macr. Sat. 3, 8; cf. of Aurora, Cat. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 28 fin.;

of Alecto,

Verg. A. 7, 498 (but in all these passages, some regard deus as absol., = to theion, the divinity, Heyne ad Verg. A. 2, 632).—

Of Bacchus, Verg. A. 9, 337; 1, 636.—

In eccl. Lat., esp. the God of the Hebrews and Christians, God:

Deus summus,

Lact. 1, 1:

omnipotens,

Vulg. Gen. 17, 1 et passim. Also of the Son of God, God the Son, Christ:

Deus pater et Deus filius,

Lact. 4, 29, 1; Vulg. Johan. 1, 1 al.

Transf., of highly distinguished or fortunate persons:

te in dicendo semper putavi deum,

Cic. Or. 1, 23, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 42, 179:

facio te apud illum deum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 19:

audiamus Platonem quasi quendam deum philosophorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12; cf.:

deus ille noster Plato,

id. Att. 4, 16, 3:

ubi nunc nobis deus ille magister, Eryx,

Verg. A. 5, 392:

deos quoniam propius contingis (i. e. Augustus and Maecenas),

Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

deus sum, si hoc ita est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 3; cf.:

sum deus,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 11; esp. of great patrons or protectors, a guardian god:

Lentulus consul, parens deus, salus nostrae vitae,

Cic. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 11:

Lentulus, cujus pater deus ac parens nominis mei,

id. Sest. 69, 144.—Hence freq. in inscriptions and on coins of the period of the empire, as an epithet of the emperors:

DEO AUG.,

Inscr. Orell. 609 et saep.; cf. Nem. Venat. 71; Calp. Ecl. 7.

dŏmus, ūs and i, 2d and 4th decl., f. [Sanscr. damas, house; Gr. root dem-ô, to build, whence domos, des-potês for demspotês; cf. Germ. Zimmer; Eng. timber, etc.], a house, home (for syn. cf. aedes, casa, domicilium, habitatio; mansio, sedes, tectum, tugurium; aedificium, moles). —Forms of the cases.

Nom.:

domus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6 al.; Ter. And. 5, 3, 20; id. Eun. 5, 9, 8 al.; Cic. Lael. 27, 103; id. Rep. 1, 43; 3, 9 et saep.—

Gen., in the comic poets only the ante-class. form domi:

haud quod tui me neque domi distaedeat,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5:

commeminit domi,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 20; cf.:

domi focique fac vicissim ut memineris,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 45:

domi cupio (i.q. cupidus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 22; acc. to Don. Ter. l. l.: decora domi, Caecil. ap. Don. l. l.: conviva domi, Afran. ap. Non. 337, 23. But since Varro (except as infra, 2.):

domūs,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 162 Müll. (twice); Cat. 64, 246; Verg. G. 4, 209; id. A. 1, 356; 4, 318; 645; 6, 27; 53; 81; Hor. C. 4, 12, 6; id. S. 2, 5, 108; Ov. M. 2, 737; Stat. S. 5, 2, 77; Suet. Caes. 81 et saep. The uncontr. form domuis, Varr. ap. Non. 491, 22; and Nigidius, acc. to Gell. 4, 16, 1; the form domos, used by Augustus exclusively, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87 (or domuos, acc. to Ritschl; v. Neue Formenl. 1, 362; cf. SENATVOS from senatus in the S. C. de Bacan.).—

Dat.:

domo,

Cato R. R. 134, 2; 139; 141, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 13 (ex conj. Lachm.; also Lucr. 5, 1267);

much more freq. domui,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 8; Quint. 1, 10, 32; 7, 1, 53 Spald. and Zumpt N. cr.; Tac. H. 4, 68; Ov. M. 4, 66; id. Tr. 1, 2, 101; 3, 12, 50; id. Pont. 1, 2, 108; 3, 1, 75.—

Acc.:

domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 54; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 90; Cic. Rep. 1, 39; 2, 5; 6, 19; 23; 26 et saep.—Apoc. form do = dô (for dôma): endo suam do, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 436 P.; and ap. Aus. Idyll. 12, 18 (Ann. v. 563 ed. Vahl.).—

Voc.: domus, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139; id. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; 3, 58, 217; Nov. ap. Non. 510; Verg. A. 2, 241.—

Abl., usually domo, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 27; id. Curc. 1, 3, 53 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18; Cic. Rep. 2, 4; id. Off. 1, 39, 139 (four times) et saep.:

domu,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 48; Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128; Inscr. Grut. 599, 8; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 5.—

Nom., only domus, Verg. G. 4, 481; Liv. 3, 32, 2; 42, 1, 10; Suet. Ner. 38.—

Gen.: domorum ( poet.), Lucr. 1, 354; 489 saep.; Verg. G. 4, 159; id. A. 2, 445;

usually domuum,

Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 88; 8, 57, 82, § 221; Tac. A. 3, 24; 6, 45; Juv. 3, 72; Sen. Ep. 122, 9; Dig. 33, 2, 32, § 2 et saep.—

Dat. and abl., only domibus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 160 Müll.; Caes. B. G. 6, 11, 2; id. B. C. 3, 42 fin.; Quint. 9, 4, 4; Tac. A. 3, 6; id. H. 1, 4; id. G. 46; Verg. G. 2, 443; Hor. C. 1, 22, 22; id. S. 2, 6, 71 et saep.—

Acc. usually domos, Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 19; Lucr. 1, 18; 6, 241; Cic. Rep. 1, 13 (twice); Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 3; id. B. C. 3, 82, 4; Sall. C. 12, 3 and 4; Verg. G. 1, 182 et saep. The MSS. often vary between domos and domus; cf. Beier Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64; Drak. Liv. 3, 29, 5; Oud. Suet. Claud. 25; so Verg. A. 1, 140; id. G 4, 446 al. The form domus is certain, Att. ap. Gell. 14, 1, 34; Quadrig. ib. 17, 2, 5; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7; Liv. 45, 1, 10.—

Adverbial forms.

Domi (also domui in good MSS. of Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; id. Mil. 7, 16; id. Att. 12, 25, 1; id. Off. 3, 26, 99; and Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41; 4, 54, 67;

v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 540),

at home, in the house, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 12 et saep; Ter. And. 3, 2, 34 et saep.; Cic. Lael. 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 13; id. Fin. 5, 15, 42 et saep.; Verg. E. 3, 33; Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; id. Ep. 1, 5, 3 et saep.; cf.

opp. foris,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33; id. Merc. 3, 4, 2 (twice); Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 26; Sall. C. 52, 21 et saep.:

meae domi,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 18; id. Most. 1, 3, 34; id. Mil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 15; and in the order domi meae, Cato ap. Charis. p. 101 P.; Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 36; [p. 610] Cic. Fam. 10, 25 fin.:

tuae domi,

id. ib. 4, 7, 4:

suae domi,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 43;

and in the order domi suae,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 50; Cic. Mil. 7; id. Caecin. 4, 10; Quint. 1, 1, 22 al.:

nostrae domi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9; id. Poen. 4, 2, 16; Cic. Tusc. 5, 39;

and in the order domi nostrae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2:

alienae domi,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; id. Fam. 4, 7, 4; id. Dom. 40, 105:

domi Caesaris,

id. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 7, 3 Orell. N. cr.:

istius domi (educatus),

id. Quint. 5, 21; cf.:

domi illius (fuisti),

id. Div. in Caecil. 18, 58; id. Cluent. 60, 165:

cujus domi fueras,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42: id. Phil. 2, 14, 35; 2, 19, 48; id. Fam. 9, 3 fin. —

Domum, home, homewards, to the house, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 5, 20 et saep.; Cic. Lael. 3, 12; id. Verr. 1, 9, 25; id. Ac. 1, 3 et saep.; Verg. E. 1, 36; 10, 77 et saep.:

domum meam,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; id. Fam. 9, 19:

domum suam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 31; Cic. Rep. 1, 14; 2, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4 al.:

domum regiam (comportant),

Sall. J. 76 fin.:

Pomponii domum (venisse),

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112:

domum Roscii,

id. Rosc. Com. 9, 26:

cujusdam hominis nobilis domum,

id. Or. in Toga Cand. p. 521 ed. Orell.:

domum reditio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

domum concursus,

id. B. C. 1, 53.—When more persons than one are spoken of, the plur. is freq. used:

domos,

Liv. 3, 5; 27, 51; 28, 2; Curt. 9, 8, 1 al.:

domos nostras,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 19:

domos suas,

Sall. J. 66, 3; and: suas domos, Liv 2, 7; but the sing. also:

Suebi domum reverti coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54.—Sometimes also with in and acc.:

rex in domum se recepit,

Liv. 44, 45:

in domos atque in tecta refugere,

id. 26, 10:

cur non introeo in nostram domum?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 253; id. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

venisse in M. Laecae domum,

Cic. Cat. 1, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 2; and Suet. Vesp. 5.—

Domo.

From home, out of the house, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 4; id. Stich. 1, 1, 29; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3; id. Mil. 4, 2, 7 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 19; id. Phorm. 4, 1, 20; Cic. Rep. 1, 12; id. Fl. 6, 14; id. Or. 26, 89 et saep.—

For domi, at home, in the house (rare):

domo sibi quaerere remedium,

Cic. Clu. 9, 27:

haec ubi domo nascuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 2:

domo se tenere,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3:

domo abditus,

Suet. Caes. 20 tabulae domo asservantur, App. Apol. p. 541.—With in:

in domo furtum factum ab eo, qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

rem quam e villa mea surripuit, in domo mea ponat,

Sen. Const. Sap. 7 med.:

in domo sua facere mysteria,

Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.:

quid illuc clamoris obsecro in nostra domo est?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 29; id. Ps. 1, 1, 82; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 26:

educatus in domo Pericli,

Nep. Alcib. 2; so,

in domo ejus,

id. Lys. 3, 5; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

In colloq. lang.: domi habere aliquid, to have a thing at home, i. e. to have it about one, to have in abundance, to be provided with it, to have or know it one's self:

domi habet animum falsiloquum... Domi dolos, domi delenifica facta, domi fallacias,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 36 sq.:

domi habuit unde disceret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 59 Ruhnk. In a like sense:

id quidem domi est,

Cic. Att. 10, 14, 2; cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 4: sed quid ego nunc haec ad te, cujus domi nascuntur? glauk eis Athênas, Cic. Fam. 9, 3 fin. —

Poet. transf., any sort of building or abode. So of the labyrinth, Verg. A. 6, 27;

of a sacred grotto,

id. ib. 6, 81;

of the abode of the gods,

id. ib. 10, 1; 101; Ov. M. 4, 736; 6, 269 al.;

of the winds,

Verg. G. 1, 371; Ov. M. 1, 279;

of animals,

Verg. G. 2, 209; id. A. 5, 214; Stat. Th. 1, 367;

of birds,

Verg. A. 8, 235;

of Danaë's prison,

Prop. 2, 20, 12 (3, 13, 12 M.);

of the tomb: marmorea,

Tib. 3, 2, 22;

the same, DOMVS AETERNA,

Inscr. Orell. 1174; 4525 sq.:

AETERNALIS,

ib. 4518 (cf. in Heb. for the grave, Eccl. 12, 5); and:

CERTA,

ib. 4850;

of the body, as the dwelling of the soul,

Ov. M. 15, 159; 458 et saep.

Meton.

In a wider sense, one's native place, country, home. M. Su. Siculus sum Syracusanus. M. So. Ea domus et patria est mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 10;

so (with patria),

id. Merc. 3, 4, 68; Verg. A. 7, 122; also with patria as an adjective, Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 2; Ov. M. 11, 269; cf. also Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 41; Verg. A. 5, 638; Ov. M. 13, 227 al.: domi aetatem agere, opp. patriă procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6; cf. Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 75; id. Capt. 2, 1, 3; id. Poen. 5, 2, 6; Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 6; 1, 20, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 17; id. Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.; Sall. C. 17, 4; id. J. 8, 1 et saep.:

legiones reveniunt domum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 33; so id. ib. 52; Cic. Fam. 7, 5; Caes. B. C. 1, 34, 3; Liv. 23, 20 al.:

ut (Galli) domo emigrent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 14:

qui genus? unde domo?

Verg. A. 8, 114; 10, 183.—Hence, the phrases belli domique, and domi militiaeque, in war and peace, v. bellum and militia;

and cf.: noster populus in pace et domi imperat... in bello sic paret, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40.—

A household, family, race (cf. the Gr. oikos, and the Heb., v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v. 7):

domus te nostra tota salutat,

Cic. Att. 4, 12; id. Fam. 13, 46; Liv. 3, 32; Quint. 7, 1, 53 (twice); Tac. A. 3, 55; id. Agr. 19; Suet. Aug. 25; Verg. A. 1, 284; 3, 97:

tota domus duo sunt,

Ov. M. 8, 636; id. F. 4, 544; Hor. C. 1, 6, 8; 3, 6, 26; Vulg. Matt. 10, 6 et saep.—Hence,

In philos lang., a philosophical school, sect, Cic. Ac. 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 29 fin.; id. Ben. 5, 15.

ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum, 3 ( sup.:

esum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 13; id. Men. 3, 1, 11; id. Stich. 1, 3, 28:

esu,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 35.—The contr. forms es, est, estis, etc., are very freq. in prose and poetry:

est,

Verg. A. 4, 66; 5, 683; Hor. S. 2, 2, 57:

esset,

id. ib. 2, 6, 89; Verg. G. 1, 151:

esse,

Quint. 11, 3, 136; Juv. 15, 102:

esto,

Cato R. R. 156, 1.—Hence, also in the pass.:

estur,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78; id. Poen. 4, 2, 13; Cels. 27, 3; Ov. Pont. 1, 1, 69; and:

essetur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 106 Müll.—Archaic forms of the subj. praes.:

edim,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73; 74; Caecil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 7:

edis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

edit,

Cato R. R. 1, 56, 6; 1, 57, 9 sq.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 1; 3; id. Aul. 4, 6, 6; id. Poen. prol. 9; Hor. Epod. 3, 3; id. S. 2, 8, 90:

edimus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34:

editis, Nov. ap. Non. l. l.: edint,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22), v. a. [Sanscr. ad-mi, eat; Gr. ed-ô, esthiô; Lat. edax, esca, esurio, etc.; cf. also Gr. odous, odont- Aeol. plur. edontes, dens], to eat (for syn. cf.: comedo, vescor, pascor, devoro, haurio, mando, ceno, epulor).

Lit.: ille ipse astat, quando edit, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893; cf.

so uncontr.,

Cic. Att. 13, 52:

miserrimus est, qui cum esse cupit, quod edit non habet,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 3:

ut de symbolis essemus,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 2:

mergi eos (sc. pullos) in aquam jussit, ut biberent, quoniam esse nollent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7 et saep.—

Prov.

Multos modios salis simul edisse, to have eaten bushels of salt with another, i. e. to be old friends, Cic. Lael. 19.—

De patella, i. e. to show contempt for religion (v. patella), Cic. Fin. 2, 7 fin. —

Pugnos, to taste one's fists, i. e. to get a good drubbing, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 153.—

Transf.

Bona, to squander, dissipate, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 29.—

Of inanimate subjects, qs. to eat up, i. e. to consume, destroy ( poet.):

ut mala culmos Esset robigo,

Verg. G. 1, 151:

carinas lentus vapor (i. e. flamma),

id. A. 5, 683:

corpora virus,

Ov. Ib. 608 al. —

Trop., to corrode, consume, devour (almost exclusively poet.):

si quid est animum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 39; cf.:

nimium libenter edi sermonem tuum,

have devoured, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 1:

nec te tantus edat tacitam dolor,

Verg. A. 12, 801:

nec edunt oblivia laudem,

Sil. 13, 665 et saep.

ē-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a., to give out, put forth, bring forth (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

foras per os est editus aër,

Lucr. 3, 122; cf.:

sputa per fauces tussi,

id. 6, 1189:

urinam,

Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 38; cf.

stercus,

Col. 2, 14: animam, to breathe out, i. e. to die, expire, Cic. Sest. 38, 83; Ov. H. 9, 62; cf.:

extremum vitae spiritum,

Cic. Phil. 12, 9:

vitam,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4; id. Planc. 37, 90:

clamorem,

to send forth, utter, id. Div. 2, 23; cf.:

miros risus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2:

fremitum patulis sub naribus (equus),

Lucr. 5, 1076:

voces,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8:

dulces modos,

Ov. F. 1, 444:

questus,

id. M. 4, 588:

hinnitus,

id. ib. 2, 669:

latratus,

id. ib. 4, 451 et saep.:

Maeander in sinum maris editur,

discharges itself, Liv. 38, 13; 39, 53 fin.:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

have slipped out, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9.

In partic., to bring forth any thing new, to produce, beget, form, etc.

Of what is born, begotten (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

progeniem in oras luminis,

Lucr. 2, 617:

crocodilos dicunt, cum in terra partum ediderint, obruere ova, deinde discedere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52; so,

partum,

Liv. 1, 39; cf.:

aliquem partu,

Verg. A. 7, 660; Ov. M. 4, 210; 13, 487:

aliquem maturis nisibus,

id. F. 5, 172:

geminos Latona,

id. M. 6, 336:

nepotem Atlantis (Pleïas),

id. F. 5, 664 al.: (draconem) Qui luci ediderat genitor Saturnius, idem Abdidit, Cic. Poëta Div. 2, 30, 64; cf.:

Electram maximus Atlas Edidit,

Verg. A. 8, 137.—In the pass.:

hebetes eduntur,

Quint. 1, 1, 2. —More freq. in the part.: in lucem editus, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (a transl. of the Euripid. ton phunta); cf. Ov. M. 15, 221:

editus partu,

id. ib. 5, 517; 9, 678; id. F. 5, 26:

Venus aquis,

id. H. 7, 60; cf.:

Limnate flumine Gange,

id. M. 5, 48;

for which: de flumine,

id. H. 5, 10 (cf. Zumpt, Gramm. §

451): ille hac,

Ov. M. 10, 298; cf.:

Maecenas atavis regibus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 1:

infans ex nepte Julia,

Suet. Aug. 65 et saep.—

Transf.:

(tellus) Edidit innumeras species,

Ov. M. 1, 436; cf. Liv. 21, 41:

frondem ulmus,

puts forth, Col. 5, 6, 2:

ea (sc. academia) praestantissimos in eloquentia viros edidit,

Quint. 12, 2, 25.—

Of literary productions, to put forth, to publish (class.):

de republica libros,

Cic. Brut. 5, 19; so,

librum contra suum doctorem,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12:

annales suos,

id. Att. 2, 16, 4:

orationem scriptam,

Sall. C. 31, 6:

aliquid,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 120; 3, 1, 18; 2, 1, 11; Hor. A. P. 390 et saep.—

Transf., to set forth, publish, relate, tell, utter, announce, declare = exponere;

esp. of the responses of priests and oracles, the decrees of authorities, etc.: apud eosdem (sc. censores) qui magistratu abierint edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,

Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47; cf. Hor. S. 2, 5, 61:

ede illa, quae coeperas, et Bruto et mihi,

Cic. Brut. 5, 20:

nomen parentum,

Ov. M. 3, 580; 9, 531; Hor. S. 2, 4, 10:

veros ortus,

Ov. M. 2, 43; cf.:

auctor necis editus,

id. ib. 8, 449:

mea fata tibi,

id. 11, 668 et saep. —With acc. and inf.:

Apollo Pythius oraculum edidit, Spartam nulla re alia esse perituram, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 77; cf. Liv. 40, 45; 22, 10; 42, 2.—With dupl. acc.:

auctorem doctrinae ejus falso Pythagoran edunt,

id. 1, 18; cf. id. 1, 46; 27, 27 fin.:

haec mihi, quae canerem Titio, deus edidit ore,

Tib. 1, 4, 73:

iis editis imperiis,

id. 29, 25; cf.:

edito alio tempore ac loco (with constitutum tempus et locus),

Quint. 4, 2, 98:

opinio in vulgus edita,

spread abroad, Caes. B. C. 3, 29, 3; cf. Nep. Dat. 6, 4:

consilia hostium,

i. e. to divulge, betray, Liv. 10, 27 et saep.— Poet.:

arma violentaque bella,

i. e. to sing, celebrate in song, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 1.—Hence,

Jurid. and polit. t. t., to give out, promulgate, proclaim, ordain:

qua quisque actione agere volet, eam prius edere debet. Nam aequissimum videtur, eum, qui acturus est, edere actionem, etc.,

Dig. 2, 13 (tit. De edendo), 1 sq.:

verba,

Cic. Quint. 20, 63; cf.

judicium,

id. ib. 21: tribus, said of the plaintiff in a causa sodaliciorum, to name the tribus (since he had the right, in order to choose the judges, to propose to the defendant four tribus, from which the latter could reject only one, and then to choose the judges according to his own pleasure out of the remaining three, Cic. Planc. 15, 36 sqq.:

judices editi (= editicii),

id. ib. 17, 41; cf.

Wund. Cic. Planc. p. LXXVI. sq., and see editicius: socium tibi in hujus bonis edidisti Quintium,

hast mentioned, Cic. Quint. 24 fin.:

quantum Apronius edidisset deberi, tantum ex edicto dandum erat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 29; 2, 2, 42: mandata edita, Liv. 31, 19; cf. id. 34, 35:

ederet (consul) quid fieri velit,

to command, id. 40, 40; cf. id. 45, 34.—

Transf. beyond the jurid. sphere:

postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi, etc.,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 12.—

Of other objects, to produce, perform, bring about, cause (freq. and class.):

oves nullum fructum edere ex se sine cultu hominum et curatione possent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

vitales motus,

Lucr. 3, 560:

proelia pugnasque,

id. 2, 119; 4, 1010; Liv. 8, 9; 21, 43 al.; cf.

caedem,

id. 5, 13; 10, 45 al.:

strages,

Verg. A. 9, 785 and 527:

aliquantum trepidationis,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.

tumultum,

id. 36, 19:

ruinas,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13 fin.:

scelus, facinus,

to perpetrate, id. Phil. 13, 9 fin.:

annuam operam,

i. e. to perform, Liv. 5, 4; cf. id. 3, 63; Suet. Tib. 35:

munus gladiatorium (with parare),

to exhibit, Liv. 28, 21; Suet. Calig. 18; cf.

ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15; 3, 64; Suet. Caes. 10 al.:

spectaculum,

Tac. A. 14, 17; id. H. 2, 67; Suet. Caes. 44 et saep.:

gladiatores,

Suet. Aug. 45 et saep.:

exemplum severitatis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 5;

so more freq.: exempla in aliquem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 21; Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 12; Liv. 29, 9 fin. and 27; cf.:

scelus in aliquem,

Cic. Sest. 27.

To raise up, lift, elevate:

corpus celerem super equum,

Tib. 4, 1, 114.—Hence,

ēdĭtus, a, um, P. a. (set forth, heightened; hence, like excelsus).

Prop., of places, elevated, high, lofty (cf.:

altus, celsus, excelsus, sublimis, procerus, arduus, praeceps, profundus), opp. to flat, level (cf.: collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3; id. B. C. 1, 43, 2; Sall. J. 92, 5; Tac. A. 15, 27—very freq. and class.):

Henna est loco perexcelso atque edito,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (with acclivis); 7, 18, 3; id. B. C. 3, 37, 4; Sall. J. 92, 5; 98, 3; Liv. 2, 50 et saep.— Comp., Caes. B. C. 1, 7, 5; 1, 43, 2; Sen. N. Q. 7, 5. — Sup., Auct. B. Alex. 28; 31; 72; Just. 2, 1, 17 al.—

Trop.:

viribus editior,

stronger, Hor. S. 1, 3, 110.— Adv. does not occur.—

ēdĭtum, i, n.

A height:

in edito,

Suet. Aug. 72:

ex edito,

Plin. 31, 3, 27.— Plur.:

edita montium,

Tac. A. 4, 46; 12, 56: in editis, Treb. Trig. Tyr. 26.—

Transf., a command, order, Ov. M. 11, 647; cf. Liv. 25, 12, 4.

ĕdo, ōnis, m. [1. edo], a glutton, Varr. ap. Non. 48, 19.

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 435:

vis,

id. 2, 277:

haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

exterarum gentium multitudo,

Suet. Caes. 84:

non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

apud exteras civitates,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

apud exteras nationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

ad nationes exteras,

Quint. 11, 1, 89:

apud exteros,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

ad extera corporum,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—

Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

colle exteriore occupato,

id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

id. ib. 7, 74:

comes exterior,

i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—

Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].

extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

extremior,

App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

extremissimus,

Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).

Lit.:

extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

fines,

Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

id. 40, 16, 5:

impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

Tanaïs,

id. C. 3, 10, 1:

in extrema fere parte epistolae,

near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

in codicis extrema cera,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

quibus (litteris) in extremis,

at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

in qua (epistola) extrema,

id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

in extremo libro tertio,

at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

in extrema oratione,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

ab extremo agmine,

id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

in extrema Cappadocia,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

quod finitum est, habet extremum,

id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

quod erat in extremo,

id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

in extremo montis,

Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

extrema agminis,

Liv. 6, 32, 11:

extrema Africae,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

extrema Galliae,

Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—

Trop.

In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

mensis anni Februarius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

tempore diei,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

Liv. 37, 53, 8:

matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64, 1:

extremo tempore,

in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

extrema pueritia,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

extremo Peloponnesio bello,

Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

extremus dominorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

die extremum erat,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

extremum aestatis,

id. ib. 90, 1:

extremo anni,

Liv. 35, 11, 1:

sub extremum noctis,

Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.

For the last time:

alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—

At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

ad extremum,

id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

ad extremum,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

for which: in extremum (durare),

id. H. 7, 111:

qui extremo mortuus est,

at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

extremo,

Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—

Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.

The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

extremam famem sustentare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

extremam rationem belli sequens,

id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

in extremis suis rebus,

in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

res,

Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad extrema perventum est,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

Liv. 2, 47, 8:

compellere ad extrema deditionis,

to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

plura de extremis loqui,

id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

res publica in extremo sita,

Sall. C. 52, 11;

Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—

The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

mancipia,

Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

latrones,

App. M. 3, p. 131:

quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

Just. 15, 1:

alimenta vitae,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

extremi ingenii est,

Liv. 22, 29, 8.—

extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

circum caesura membrorum,

Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

promontorium Oceani,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

gentes,

id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

Apuliae extima,

the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 435:

vis,

id. 2, 277:

haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

exterarum gentium multitudo,

Suet. Caes. 84:

non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

apud exteras civitates,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

apud exteras nationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

ad nationes exteras,

Quint. 11, 1, 89:

apud exteros,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

ad extera corporum,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—

Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

colle exteriore occupato,

id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

id. ib. 7, 74:

comes exterior,

i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—

Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].

extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

extremior,

App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

extremissimus,

Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).

Lit.:

extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

fines,

Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

id. 40, 16, 5:

impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

Tanaïs,

id. C. 3, 10, 1:

in extrema fere parte epistolae,

near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

in codicis extrema cera,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

quibus (litteris) in extremis,

at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

in qua (epistola) extrema,

id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

in extremo libro tertio,

at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

in extrema oratione,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

ab extremo agmine,

id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

in extrema Cappadocia,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

quod finitum est, habet extremum,

id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

quod erat in extremo,

id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

in extremo montis,

Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

extrema agminis,

Liv. 6, 32, 11:

extrema Africae,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

extrema Galliae,

Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—

Trop.

In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

mensis anni Februarius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

tempore diei,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

Liv. 37, 53, 8:

matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64, 1:

extremo tempore,

in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

extrema pueritia,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

extremo Peloponnesio bello,

Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

extremus dominorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

die extremum erat,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

extremum aestatis,

id. ib. 90, 1:

extremo anni,

Liv. 35, 11, 1:

sub extremum noctis,

Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.

For the last time:

alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—

At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

ad extremum,

id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

ad extremum,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

for which: in extremum (durare),

id. H. 7, 111:

qui extremo mortuus est,

at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

extremo,

Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—

Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.

The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

extremam famem sustentare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

extremam rationem belli sequens,

id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

in extremis suis rebus,

in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

res,

Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad extrema perventum est,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

Liv. 2, 47, 8:

compellere ad extrema deditionis,

to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

plura de extremis loqui,

id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

res publica in extremo sita,

Sall. C. 52, 11;

Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—

The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

mancipia,

Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

latrones,

App. M. 3, p. 131:

quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

Just. 15, 1:

alimenta vitae,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

extremi ingenii est,

Liv. 22, 29, 8.—

extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

circum caesura membrorum,

Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

promontorium Oceani,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

gentes,

id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

Apuliae extima,

the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

făcĭlis, e, adj. (archaic forms nom. sing. facil, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53; adv. facul, like difficul, simul; v. under adv. 2, and cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87 Müll.), [facio, properly, that may be done or made; hence, pregn.], easy to do, easy, without difficulty.

In gen.

Prop., constr. absol., with ad (and the gerund), the supine, inf., ut, and the dat.

Absol.:

nulla est tam facilis res, quin difficilis siet, quam invitus facias,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 1; cf.:

facilis et plana via (opp. difficilis),

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 20:

quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27 fin.; cf.

also: mihi in causa facili atque explicata perdifficilis et lubrica defensionis ratio proponitur,

Cic. Planc. 2, 5:

justa res et facilis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 33:

facilis et prompta defensio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf.:

facilis et expedita distinctio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

facilia, proclivia, jucunda,

id. Part. Or. 27, 95; cf.:

proclivi cursu et facili delabi,

id. Rep. 1, 28:

ascensus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

aditus,

id. ib. 3, 25 fin.;

descensus Averno,

Verg. A. 6, 126; Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.:

celerem et facilem exitum habere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

lutum,

easy to work, Tib. 1, 1, 40:

fagus,

Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

humus,

easy to cultivate, mellow, Curt. 4, 6, 5:

arcus,

Val. Fl. 1, 109:

jugum,

easy to climb, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 4:

somnus,

easy to obtain, Hor. C. 2, 11, 8; 3, 21, 4:

irae,

easily excited, Luc. 1, 173:

saevitia,

easily overcome, Hor. C. 2, 12, 26 et saep.:

aurae,

gentle, Ov. H. 16, 123:

jactura,

easily borne, Verg. A. 2, 646:

cera,

easily shaped, Ov. M. 15, 169:

victus,

copious, Verg. G. 2, 460.— Comp.:

iter multo facilius atque expeditius,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

cui censemus cursum ad deos faciliorem fuisse quam Scipioni?

Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

faciliore et commodiore judicio,

id. Caecin. 3, 8.— Sup.:

quod est facillimum, facis,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 4; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

concordia,

id. ib. 1, 32:

hujus summae virtutis facillima est via,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

in quibus (ceris) facillima est ratio delendi,

id. 10, 3, 31 et saep.—

With ad and the gerund:

nulla materies tam facilis ad exardescendum est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

ad subigendum,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

ad credendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

palmae ad scandendum,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 29.— Comp.:

faciliora ad intelligendum,

Quint. 2, 3, 8.— Sup.:

haec ad judicandum sunt facillima,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 30; id. Fin. 2, 20.—

With ad and subst.:

faciles ad receptum angustiae,

Liv. 32, 12, 3:

mens ad pejora,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

credulitas feminarum ad gaudia,

Tac. A. 14, 4.— Comp.:

mediocritas praeceptoris ad intellectum atque imitationem facilior,

Quint. 2, 3, 1.—

With supine:

facile inventust,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53:

res factu facilis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 26:

cuivis facile scitu est,

id. Hec. 3, 1, 15:

facilis victu gens,

abounding in resources, Verg. A. 1, 445 Wagn.:

(Cyclops) nec visu facilis nec dictu affabilis ulli,

id. ib. 3, 621; cf.:

sapiens facilis victu fuit,

Sen. Ep. 90, 11.— Comp.:

nihil est dictu facilius,

Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 70.— Sup.:

factu facillimum,

Sall. C. 14, 1.—

With inf.:

materia facilis est, in te et in tuos dicta dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 17, 42:

facilis vincere ac vinci vultu eodem,

Liv. 7, 33, 2:

facilis corrumpi,

Tac. H. 4, 39:

Roma capi facilis,

Luc. 2, 656.—So esp. freq. in the neuter, facile est, with a subject-clause:

id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

quod illis prohibere erat facile,

Caes. B. C. 1, 50, 2:

neque erat facile nostris, uno tempore propugnare et munire,

id. ib. 3, 45, 4; Quint. 6, 4, 20:

nec origines persequi facile est,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46:

quīs facile est aedem conducere,

Juv. 3, 31; 4, 103.— Comp.:

plerumque facilius est plus facere quam idem,

Quint. 10, 2, 10; 12, 6, 7.— Sup.:

stulta reprehendere facillimum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 71; 11, 1, 81.—

With ut:

facilius est, ut esse aliquis successor tuus possit, quam ut velit,

Plin. Pan. 44, 3; 87, 5; cf. with quod: facile est quod habeant conservam in villa, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6.—

With dat.:

terra facilis pecori,

i.e. suitable, proper, Verg. G. 2, 223; cf.:

campus operi,

Liv. 33, 17, 8:

facilis divisui (Macedonia),

id. 45, 30, 2:

neque Thraces commercio faciles erant,

Liv. 40, 58, 1:

homines bello faciles,

Tac. Agr. 21:

juvenis inanibus,

easily susceptible, open to, id. A. 2, 27; cf.:

facilis capessendis inimicitiis,

id. ib. 5, 11. —

With gen. ( poet.):

Hispania frugum facilis,

fertile in, Claud. Laud. Seren. 54.—

Adverbially, in facili, ex (e) facili, and rarely, de facili, easily:

cum exitus haud in facili essent,

not easy, Liv. 3, 8, 9 Drak.:

in facili,

Sen. Clem. 1, 7: Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 274; Dig. 26, 3, 8:

ita adducendum, ut ex facili subsequatur,

easily, Cels. 7, 9 med.:

ex facili tolerantibus,

Tac. Agr. 15 init.: ex facili, Cel. 6, 1, 1; Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 60;

for which: e facili,

Ov. A. A. 1, 356: de facili ab iis superabuntur, Firm. Math. 5, 6.—

Transf.

Of persons that do any thing with facility, ready, quick. — Constr. with ad, in, and simple abl.:

facilis et expeditus ad dicendum,

Cic. Brut. 48, 180:

sermone Graeco promptus et facilis,

Suet. Tib. 71; cf.:

promptus et facillis ad extemporalitatem usque,

id. Tit. 3:

faciles in excogitando et ad discendum prompti,

Quint. 1, 1, 1:

exiguo faciles,

content, Sil. 1, 615.—

Of things, easily moving:

oculi,

Verg. A. 8, 310:

manus,

Ov. F. 3, 536:

cervix,

Mart. Spect. 23:

canes, i. e. agiles,

Nemes. Cyneg. 50.

In partic.

Of character, easy, good-natured, compliant, willing, yielding, courteous, affable:

facilis benevolusque,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

facilis et liberalis pater,

id. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

lenis et facilis,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

facilis et clemens,

Suet. Aug. 67:

facilem populum habere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 4:

facilem stillare in aurem,

Juv. 3, 122:

di,

id. 10, 8. —With in and abl.:

facilem se in rebus cognoscendis praebere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32; cf.:

facilis in causis recipiendis,

id. Brut. 57, 207:

faciles in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. ib. 21, 85:

faciles ad concedendum,

id. Div. 2, 52, 107.—With in and acc.:

sic habeas faciles in tua vota deos,

Ov. H. 16, 282.—With inf.:

faciles aurem praebere,

Prop. 2, 21, 15 (3, 14, 5 M.):

O faciles dare summa deos,

Luc. 1, 505.—With gen.:

facilis impetrandae veniae,

Liv. 26, 15, 1:

alloquii facilis (al. alloquiis),

Val. Fl. 5, 407.— Absol.:

comi facilique naturā,

Suet. Gramm. 7:

facili ac prodigo animo,

id. Vit. 7.— Comp.:

facilior aut indulgentior,

Suet. Vesp. 21; Quint. 7, 1, 27; Flor. 4, 11, 2.— Sup.:

quid dicam de moribus facillimis,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11.—

Of fortune, favorable, prosperous:

res et fortunae tuae... quotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1; Liv. 23, 11, 2.— Adv. in four forms: facile, facul, faculter, and faciliter.

făcĭlĕ (the class. form).

easily, without trouble or difficulty:

facile cum valemus recta consilia aegrotis damus,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

quis haec non vel facile vel certe aliquo modo posset ediscere?

Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 232:

vitia in contraria convertuntur,

id. Rep. 1, 45.— Comp.:

cave putes, aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

quo facilius otio perfruantur,

id. ib. 1, 5: id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod, etc., Caes, B. G. 1, 2, 3.— Sup.:

ut optimi cujusque animus in morte facillime evolet tamquam e custodia,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

facillime fingi,

id. Cael. 9, 22:

facillime decidit,

id. Rep. 2, 23:

mederi inopiae frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24, 6 et saep.—

To add intensity to an expression which already signifies a high degree, certainly, unquestionably, without contradiction, beyond dispute, by far, far (often in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): virum unum totius Graeciae facile doctissimum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

facile deterrimus,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf.:

virtute, existimatione, nobilitate facile princeps,

id. Clu. 5, 11:

facile princeps,

id. Div. 2, 42, 87; id. Fam. 6, 10, 2; id. Univ. 1; Flor. 3, 14, 1:

facile praecipuus,

Quint. 10, 1, 68:

facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 5: Pe. Sed tu novistin' fidicinam? Fi. Tam facile quam me, as well as I do myself, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 68.—With verbs that denote superiority (vincere, superare, etc.):

post illum (Herodotum) Thucydides omnes dicendi artificio, mea sententia, facile vicit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56; cf. id. Off. 2, 19, 59; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.

also: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

id. ib. 6, 16 fin.; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

Sisenna omnes adhuc nostros scriptores facile superavit,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 7; cf. id. de Or. 3, 11, 43:

facile palmam habes!

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 80.— In naming a large amount, quite, fully:

huic hereditas facile ad HS. tricies venit testamento propinqui sui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14, § 35.—

With a negative, non facile or haud facile, to add intensity, not easily, i.e. hardly:

mira accuratio, ut non facile in ullo diligentiorem majoremque cognoverim,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

de iis haud facile compertum narraverim,

Sall. J. 17, 2:

animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile libidinibus carebat,

id. C. 13, 5. —

Readily, willingly, without hesitation:

facile omnes perferre ac pati,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; cf.:

te de aeternitate dicentem aberrare a proposito facile patiebar,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

disertus homo et facile laborans,

id. Off. 2, 19, 66:

ego unguibus facile illi in oculos involem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 6.— Comp.:

locum habeo nullum, ubi facilius esse possim quam Asturae,

Cic. Att. 13, 26, 2.—

(Acc. to facilis, II. B.) Pleasantly, agreeably, well:

propter eas (nugas) vivo facilius,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 6:

cum animo cogites, Quam vos facillime agitis, quam estis maxume Potentes, dites, fortunati, nobiles,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 56:

facillime agitare,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 1:

ubi Crassus animadvertit, suas copias propter exiguitatem non facile diduci,

not safely, Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7.—

făcul (anteclass.), easily: nobilitate facul propellere iniquos, Lucil. ap. Non. 111, 19; Pac. ib. 21:

haud facul, ut ait Pacuvius, femina una invenietur bona,

Afran. ib. 22:

advorsam ferre fortunam facul,

Att. ib. 24.—

‡ făculter, acc. to the statement of Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 1 Müll.; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 325. —

făcĭlĭter (post-Aug.; predominating in Vitruvius; censured by Quint. 1, 6, 17), easily:

ferrum percalefactum faciliter fabricatur,

Vitr. 1, 4, 3 et saep.; Mart. Cap. 3, § 325.

fĭgūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [figura], to form, fashion, shape (rare but class.).

Lit.:

mundum ea forma figuravit, qua una omnes reliquae formae concluduntur,

Cic. Univ. 6:

aes in habitum statuae,

Sen. Ep. 65:

medullas in lapidis naturam,

Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161:

caseos,

id. 16, 38, 72, § 181:

barbam peregrina ratione,

Petr. 102.— Absol., Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110.—

Trop.

In gen.:

voces lingua,

to pronounce, utter, Lucr. 4, 550; cf. id. 2, 413:

os tenerum pueri balbumque poëta figurat,

forms, trains, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 126:

dum tempora nostra figurat,

represents, Prud. Psych. 66.—

In partic.

To imagine, fancy, picture:

qui in crepidine viderat Marium in sella figuravit,

Sen. Contr. 3, 17 med.:

quales ad bella excitanda exeunt Furiae, talem nobis iram figuremus,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35 med.:

inanes species anxio animo,

Curt. 7, 1 fin. —

In rhet. lang., to adorn with figures:

tam translatis verbis quam propriis figuratur oratio,

Quint. 9, 1, 9:

plurima mutatione figuramus,

id. 10, 1, 12.— Absol.:

affectus efficaciter movit, figurabat egregie,

Sen. Contr. 3 praef. —Hence, fĭgū-rātus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., formed, fashioned, shaped:

boum ipsa terga declarant non esse se ad onus accipiendum figurata,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 159:

(hominis) ita figuratum corpus,

id. Fin. 5, 12, 34:

signum in modum Liburnae figuratum,

Tac. G. 9:

venter ei, qui a periculo tutus est, reddit mollia, figurata,

well-formed stools, Cels. 2, 3; 2, 8 med. —Of a word, derived:

dicatur a Graeca voce figurata esse,

Gai. Inst. 3, 93 fin. —

Trop., of speech, figurative (not in Cic., but very freq. in Quint.): oratio eschêmatismenê, id est figurata (opp. aschêmatistos, figuris carens), Quint. 9, 1, 13; cf. id. 8, 3, 59:

verba,

id. 8, 1, 1; 9, 2, 7:

controversiae,

id. 9, 2, 65; 88; 9, 1, 14.— Adv. (acc. to B.), figuratively; in two forms: fĭgūrāto, Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 14 al.: fĭgūrāte, Ascon. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 6:

figuratius,

Sid. Ep. 5, 8.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—