daring

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audācĭa, ae, f. [audax], the quality of being audax, boldness, in a good, but oftener in a bad sense (syn.: fortitudo, audentia, animus, virtus).

In a good sense, daring, intrepidity, courage, valor:

audacia in bello,

Sall. C. 9, 3:

audacia pro muro habetur,

id. ib. 58, 17:

frangere audaciam,

Liv. 25, 38, 6:

ipso miraculo audaciae obstupefecit hostes,

id. 2, 10:

nox aliis in audaciam, aliis ad formidinem opportuna,

Tac. A. 4, 51:

unam in audaciā spem salutis (esse),

id. H. 4, 49;

so Just. praef. 2, 9 al.: in audaces non est audacia tuta,

Ov. M. 10. [p. 201] 544:

Quod si deficiant vires, audacia certe Laus erit,

Prop. 3, 1, 5:

sumpsisset cor ejus audaciam,

Vulg. 2 Par. 17, 6 al.—

In a bad sense, daring, audacity, presumption, temerity, insolence, impudence:

O hominis inpudentem audaciam,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 13, and Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 72, Phaedr. 3, 5, 9:

conpositis mendaciis Advenisti, audaciai columen,

shamelessness, impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

Tantāne adfectum quemquam esse hominem audaciā!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 84:

audacia non contrarium (fidentiae), sed appositum est ac propinquum et tamen vitium est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

animus paratus ad periculum, si suā cupiditate, non utilitate communi inpellitur, audaciae potius nomen habeat quam fortitudinis,

id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

incredibili importunitate et audaciā,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

audaciā et impudentiā fretus,

id. Fl. 15; so id. Caecin. 1; id. Phil. 10, 5; 13, 13 fin.; id. Clu. 65; id. Inv. 1, 33 al.; Sall. C. 23, 2; 52, 11; 61, 1; id. J. 7, 5; 14, 11 al.; Liv. 28, 22; 44, 6 al.; Tac. A. 11, 26; id. H. 3, 66; 3, 73 al.; Suet. Vesp. 8; Curt. 6, 11; 8, 13; Vulg. Sap. 12, 17 et saep. —In plur. (abstr. for concr.), daring deeds, = audacter facta:

quantas audacias, quam incredibiles furores reperietis,

Cic. Sull. 27 fin.: audacias Cato pluraliter dixit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Att. 9, 7:

quam (formam vitae) postea celebrem miseriae temporum et audaciae temporum fecerunt,

Tac. A. 1, 74.—In a milder signif. freedom, boldness:

licentia vel potius audacia,

Cic. Lig. 8:

vitare audaciam in translationibus,

Suet. Gram. 10 fin.

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* * *

* * *

audĕo, ausus, 2, v. a. and n. ( perf. ausi = ausus sum, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 868 P.; hence freq. in the poets, and prose writers modelled after them, subj. sync. ausim, Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 45; 5, 2, 65; Lucr. 2, 178; 5, 196; Verg. E. 3, 32; id. G. 2, 289; Tib. 4, 1, 193; Prop. 2, 5, 24; 3, 12, 21; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 1; Stat. Th. 1, 18; 3, 165; id. Achill. 2, 266; Liv. praef. 1; Plin. Ep. 4, 4 fin.; Tac. Agr. 43: ausis, Att. ap. Non. p. 4, 62; Lucr. 2, 982; 4, 508; 5, 730; 6, 412; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.:

ausit,

Cat. 61, 65; 61, 70; 61, 75; 66, 28; Ov. M. 6, 466; Stat. Th. 12, 101; id. Achill. 1, 544; Liv. 5, 3 fin.:

* ausint,

Stat. Th. 11, 126; cf. Prisc l. l.; Struve, p. 175 sq.; Ramsh. Gr. p. 140; Neue, Formenl. II. pp. 333 sq., 542, 547 sq. al.) [acc. to Pott, for avideo from avidus, pr. to be eager about something, to have spirit or courage for it; v. 1. aveo], to venture, to venture to do, to dare; to be bold, courageous (with the idea of courage, boldness; while conari designates a mere attempt, an undertaking; syn.: conor, molior); constr. with acc., inf., quin, in with acc. or abl., and absol.

With acc. (mostly in poets and histt., esp. in Tac.):

Quā audaciā tantum facinus audet?

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 37; so,

ut pessimum facinus auderent,

Tac. H. 1, 28; 2, 85; Suet. Calig. 49: quid domini faciant, audent cum talia furesl Verg. E. 3, 16:

ausum talia deposcunt,

Ov. M. 1, 199; 13, 244:

capitalem fraudem ausi,

Liv. 23, 14; 3, 2; 26, 40; Vell. 2, 24, 5:

erant qui id flagitium formidine auderent,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

ausuros nocturnam castrorum oppugnationem,

id. ib. 2, 12; 4, 49; 11, 9; 12, 28; 14, 25; id. H. 1, 48; 2, 25; 2, 69;

4, 15 al.: ad audendum aliquid concitāsset, nisi etc.,

Suet. Caes. 8; 19; id. Tib. 37; id. Tit. 8; Just. 5, 9 al.; hence also pass.:

multa dolo, pleraque per vim audebantur,

Liv. 39, 8 fin.:

auderi adversus aliquem dimicare,

Nep. Milt. 4 fin.:

agenda res est audendaque,

Liv. 35, 35, 6; Vell. 2, 56 fin.:

patroni necem,

Suet. Dom. 14.—Also ausus, a, um, pass., Tac. A. 3, 67 fin. —

With inf. (the usual constr.;

freq. both in prose and poetry): etiam audes meā revorti gratiā?

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 23:

Ecquid audes de tuo istuc addere?

do you undertake, venture upon? id. ib. 1, 2, 40:

commovere me miser non audeo,

I venture not to stir, id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:

Neque tibi quicquam dare ausim,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 65:

nil jam muttire audeo,

id. And. 3, 2, 25; 3, 5, 7; id. Heaut. 5, 1, 80; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:

hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim confirmare,

Lucr. 5, 196:

auderent credere gentes,

id. 2, 1036; 1, 68; by poet. license transf. to things: Vitigeni latices in aquaï fontibus audent Misceri, the juice from the vine ventures boldly to intermingle with the water, id. 6, 1072:

Mithridates tantum victus efficere potuit, quantum incolumis numquam est ausus optare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 25:

imperatorem deposcere,

id. ib. 5, 12: ut de Ligarii (facto) non audeam confiteril id. Lig. 3, 8: audeo dicere, I dare say, venture to assert, = tolmô legein, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84 et saep.:

qui pulsi loco cedere ausi erant,

Sall. C. 9, 4; 20, 3:

quem tu praeponere no bis Audes,

Cat. 81, 6:

refrenare licentiam,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 28:

vana contemnere,

Liv. 9, 17, 9:

mensuram prodere ausos,

Plin. 2, 1, 1, § 3 al.:

non sunt ausi persequi recedentes,

Vulg. Gen. 35, 5; 44, 26; ib. Job, 29, 22; 37, 24; ib. Matt. 22, 46; ib. Act. 5, 13; ib. Rom. 5, 7 et persaepe.—

With quin:

ut non audeam, quin promam omnia,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 11.—

With in with acc. or abl. (eccl. Lat.): Rogo vos ne praesens audeam in quosdam (Gr. epi tinas), Vulg. 2 Cor. 10, 2: In quo quis audet, audeo et ego (Gr. en ô), ib. 2 Cor. 11, 21.—

Absol.:

(Romani) audendo... magni facti,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4 (n. 12 fin. Gerl.):

Nec nunc illi, quia audent, sed quia necesse est, pugnaturi sunt,

Liv. 21, 40, 7:

in ejus modi consiliis periculosius esse deprehendi quam audere,

Tac. Agr. 15 fin.:

duo itinera audendi (esse), seu mallet statim arma, seu etc.,

id. H. 4, 49:

auctor ego audendi,

Verg. A. 12, 159:

Nam spirat tragicum satis et feliciter audet,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 166.—With an object to be supplied from the context:

hos vero novos magistros nihil intellegebam posse docere, nisi ut auderent (sc. dicere, orationes habere, etc.),

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 94; Quint. 10, 1, 33 Frotsch.; 1, 5, 72: Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, rebus secundis longius ausuri (sc. progredi, to advance further), Tac. H. 5, 11: 2, 25, cf. Verg. A. 2, 347.— Hence, P. a.,

audens, entis, daring, bold, intrepid, courageous; mostly in a good sense ( poet. or in post-Aug prose):

tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

Verg. A. 6, 95:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586; so id. A. A. 1, 608; id. F. 2, 782:

spes audentior,

Val. Fl. 4, 284:

nil gravius audenti quam ignavo patiendum esse,

Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 2, 2 audentissimi cujusque procursu. id. Agr. 33; id. Or. 14 al.— Adv.: audenter, boldly, fearlessly, rashly: liceat audenter dicere, — Vulg Act. 2, 29; Dig. 28, 2, 29 fin. — Comp.:

audentius jam onerat Sejanum,

Tac. A. 4, 68 progressus, id. ib. 13, 40:

circumsistere,

id. H. 2, 78:

inrupere,

id. ib. 1, 79:

agere fortius et audentius,

id. Or 18.— Sup prob not in use.—

ausus, a, um, ventured, attempted, undertaken, hence subst.: au-sum, i, n., a daring attempt, a venture, an undertaking, enterprise ( poet. or in postAug. prose; acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 351, perh. not before Verg.):

At tibi pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis,

Verg. A. 2, 535; 12, 351:

fortia ausa,

id. ib. 9, 281:

ingentibus annuat ausis,

Ov. M. 7, 178; 2, 328; 11, 12; 9, 621; 10, 460; 11, 242; id. H. 14, 49 al.; Stat. Th. 4, 368:

ausum improbum,

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 147.

frētus, a, um, adj. [root dhar-, Sanscr. dhar-ā-mi, hold, support; v. frēnum], leaning or supported on something, in a good or bad sense; relying or depending upon, trusting to; daring (class.; cf.: fultus, nixus).—Constr. with abl., rarely with dat., with inf. ( poet.), and with objectclause.

With abl.: omnes mortales dis [p. 781] sunt freti, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 sq.:

magnanimi viri freti virtute et viribus,

id. Am. 1, 1, 56:

ingenio ejus,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 100:

dote,

id. Men. 5, 2, 17:

vobis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 33:

vobis fretus,

Cic. Planc. 42, 103:

fretus intellegentiā vestrā,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:

fretus conscientiā officii mei,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 6:

gratiā Bruti,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

ingenio,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 103:

juventā,

Verg. A. 5, 430 al.:

amicitiis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

pondere enim fretae (res) stant,

Lucr. 6, 1058:

ferro et animis,

Liv. 9, 40, 4:

malitiā suā,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 43:

multitudine solā,

Liv. 9, 35, 3.—

With dat. (only in Liv.;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 413): multitudo hostium, nulli rei praeterquam numero freta,

Liv. 6, 13, 1; cf.:

tamquam constantissimae rei, fortunae,

id. 4, 37, 6; so,

discordiae hostium,

id. 6, 31, 6:

haec civitas Samnitium infidae adversus Romanos societati freta,

id. 8, 22, 7.—

With inf.:

(naves) pontum irrumpere fretae Longius,

daring, venturing, Stat. Th. 6, 23.—

With object-clause:

satis fretus esse etiam nunc tolerando certamini legatum,

Liv. 10, 5, 5:

fretus excipi posse (hostem), qua venturum sciebat,

Curt. 7, 7, 31.

frētus, ūs, m. [1. fretus], reliance, confidence (post-class.):

animi tui fretu,

Symm. Ep. 2, 82.

frĕtus, ūs, m., a strait; v. fretum.

* * *

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* * *

* * *

* * *

audax, ācis, adj. [from audeo, as ferax from fero, capax from capio], daring, in a good, but oftener in a bad sense, bold, courageous, spirited; audacious, rash, presumptuous, foolhardy (syn.: fortis, temerarius).

Lit.

Absol.:

qui me alter est audacior homo, aut qui me confidentior?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 1:

quae non deliquit, decet Audacem esse,

id. ib. 2, 2, 207:

o scelestum atque audacem hominem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 42:

O hominem audacem!

id. And. 4, 4, 30:

rogitas, audacissime?

id. Eun. 5, 4, 26:

Verres homo audacissimus atque amentissimus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 2 fin.; id. Rosc. Am. 1:

temerarius et audax,

id. Inv. 1, 3:

petulans et audax,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 4:

alii audaces, protervi,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

audaces, sibi placentes,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 2, 10:

de improbis et audacibus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 3:

adulescentes quosdam eligit cum audacissimos tum viribus maximis,

Nep. Dion, 9, 3:

da facilem cursum atque audacibus annue coeptis,

Verg. G. 1, 40:

poëta,

a poet who remains unmoved amid praise and blame, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 182 Schmid:

audax Iapeti genus,

id. C. 1, 3, 25; 3, 27, 28:

conjunx timidi aut audacis Ulixis,

Ov. M. 14, 671:

furit audacissimus omni De numero Lycabas,

id. ib. 3, 623 al.—

Constr.,

With abl.:

viribus audax,

Verg. A. 5, 67:

audax juventā,

id. G. 4, 565.—

With gen.:

audax ingenii,

Stat. S. 3, 2, 64; 5, 3, 135:

animi,

id. Th. 10, 495; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 4; Sil. 14, 416.—

With inf.:

audax omnia perpeti,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 25:

leges inponere,

Prop. 5, 5, 13:

casus audax spondere secundos,

Luc. 7, 246.—

With ad:

ad facinus audacior,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5.—

Transf. to things:

audax facinus,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 2; so id. And. 2, 3, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 4; so,

animus,

Sall. C. 5, 4:

consilium,

Liv. 25, 38:

lingua,

Vulg. Eccli. 21, 8:

res,

Liv. 26, 38:

spes audacior,

Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 35:

paupertas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51:

dithyrambi,

id. C. 4, 2, 10: verba, bold, i. e. unusual, poetic, Quint. 10, 5, 4:

hyperbole audacioris ornatūs,

id. 8, 6, 67:

volatus,

Ov. M. 8, 223 al. —

Meton., violent, fierce, proud: Nunc audax cave sis, *Cat. 50, 18:

ambitiosus et audax,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 165:

Cerberus,

Tib. 1, 10, 35:

leones,

Vulg. Sap. 11, 18:

Hecate,

Sen. Med. 844.— Adv., boldly, courageously, audaciously; in two forms,

audācĭter (the original but unusual form; cf.: licet omnes oratores aliud sequantur, i. e. the form audacter, Quint. 1, 6, 17): Multa scelerate, multa audaciter, multa improbe fecisti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104 B. and K.; cf. Prisc. p. 1014 P.;

Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. l. l.: audaciter se laturum fuisse de etc.,

Liv. 22, 25:

audaciter negantem,

id. 40, 55 Weissenb.; Sen. Prov. 4.—

audacter (the usu. class. form):

loquere audacter patri,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 82:

monere,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 6:

audacter inter reges versari,

Lucr. 2, 50; Cat. 55, 16; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, id. Rosc. Am. 11; id. Fin. 2, 9, 28; id. Ac. 2, 25, 81; Liv. 9, 34; 44, 4:

patrare,

Vulg. Gen. 34, 30; ib. Jud. 20, 31; ib. Marc. 15, 43 al.— Comp.:

quoi tuum concredat filium audacius,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Or. 8, 26; 60, 202; Caes. B. G. 1, 15; 1, 18; Nep. Epam. 9, 1:

scribere,

Vulg. Rom. 15, 15.— Sup.:

audacissume oneris quid vis inpone,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 28; Caes. B. G. 2, 10; 5, 15; Liv. 30, 30 (on these forms, v. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 661 sq.).

con-fīdo, fĭsus sum, 3, v. n., to trust confidently in something, confide in, rely firmly upon, to believe, be assured of (as an enhancing of sperare, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; Nep. Milt. 1, 1; freq. and class. in prose and poetry); constr. with abl., acc. and inf., with dat., rarely with de, ut, or absol.

With abl. (in verb. finit. very rare with personal object):

aut corporis firmitate aut fortunae stabilitate,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40:

copiā et facultate causae,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Tusc. 5, 3, 8:

illum, quo antea confidebant, metuunt,

id. Att. 8, 13, 2; id. Clu. 1, 1:

naturā loci,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9; 7, 68; id. B. C. 1, 58:

castrorum propinquitate,

id. ib. 1, 75 fin.; 3, 83; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4:

jurejurando,

Suet. Caes. 86; cf.:

neque milites alio duce plus confidere aut audere,

Liv. 21, 4, 4:

socio Ulixe,

Ov. M. 13, 240 (v. also under g).—So esp. with part. pass.:

confisus, a, um: neque Caesar opus intermittit confisus praesidio legionum trium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 42; 1, 75; 3, 106; Auct. B. Alex. 10, 5, Auct. B. G. 8, 3; 8, 15;

Auct. B. Afr. 49: tam potenti duce confisus,

Liv. 24, 5, 12; 28, 42, 12:

nullā aliā urbe,

Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4; Lentul. ib. 12, 15, 3:

patientiā nostrā,

Plin. Pan. 68, 2:

senatus consulto,

Suet. Caes. 86.—

With acc. and inf. (so most freq. in all per.), Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 1; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 108; id. Ad. 5, 3, 40; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Att. 1, 10, 2; 6, 7, 1; 6, 9, 1 al.; Caes. B. G. 1, 23 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 10; Sall. C. 17, 7; id. J. 26, 1; Nep. Milt. 1, 1; Liv. 4, 32, 6; 36, 40, 2; 44, 13, 7; Quint. 5, 12, 17; 11, 1, 92; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Oth. 10; Ov. M. 9, 256:

(venti et sol) siccare prius confidunt omnia posse Quam, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 391.—

With dat. (very freq.;

and so almost always of personal objects): me perturbasset ejus sententia, nisi vestrae virtuti constantiaeque confiderem,

Cic. Phil. 5, 1, 2; cf. id. Att. 16, 16, A, 5;

1, 9, 2: cui divinationi,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 4:

his rebus magis quam causae suae,

id. Inv. 1, 16, 22; id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69; id. Sest. 64, 135; id. Mil. 23, 61; id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; Liv. 38, 48, 13:

virtuti militum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 24:

cui (peditum parti) maxime confidebat,

id. ib. 2, 40:

equitatui,

id. ib. 3, 94;

Auct. B. Afr. 60: fidei Romanae,

Liv. 21, 19, 10; 22, 18, 8; 29, 12, 1;

40, 12, 15 al.: huic legioni Caesar confidebat maxime,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 1, 42. —Esp. freq. with sibi, to rely on one's self, have confidence in one's self:

neque illi sibi confisi ex portā prodire sunt ausi,

Caes. B. C. 3, 7:

dum sibi uterque confideret,

id. ib. 3, 10; Cic. Fl. 1, 5; id. Clu. 23, 63; id. Har. Resp. 16, 35; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Lael. 5, 17; 9, 30; id. Rep. 3, 13, 23; Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 6; Auct. B. Afr. 19; Sen. Tranq. 14, 2; id. Ep. 72, 2; Liv. 4, 18, 1:

fidei legionum, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 2: suae virtuti,

Liv. 3, 67, 5; 21, 57, 12:

felicitati regis sui,

Curt. 3, 14, 4:

Graecorum erga se benevolentiae,

id. 4, 10, 16; 7, 7, 28; 7, 9, 1; 9, 2, 25; Tac. A. 1, 81; 14, 36; id. H. 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 4, 7.—Dub. whether dat. or abl. (cf. supra a): suis bonis. Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 40:

viribus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

dis immortalibus,

Sall. C. 52, 28:

his amicis sociisque,

id. ib. 16, 4; id. J. 112, 2:

suis militibus,

Liv. 2, 45, 4:

quibus (rebus),

Quint. 3, 6, 8:

ostento,

Suet. Tib. 19 al. —

With de:

externis auxiliis de salute urbis confidere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5 fin.:

de consuetudine civitatis,

Dig. 1, 3, 34; Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—

With acc.:

confisus avos,

Stat. Th. 2, 573; cf. Prisc. 18, p. 1185 P.; cf.:

nihil nimis oportet confidere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 78.—

With ut, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 7 (but in Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16, confido is prob. a gloss; v. Orell. N. cr.).—

Absol.:

non confidit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107: ubi legati satis confidunt, die [p. 414] constituto, Senatus utrisque datur, Sall. J. 13, 9.—

Poet. with inanim. subjects:

remis confisa minutis parvula cymba,

Prop. 1, 11, 9.—Hence, confīdens, entis, P. a. (lit. confident, trusting to something; hence with exclusive ref. to one's self), selfconfident; in a good and (more freq.) in a bad sense (class.).

In a good sense (perh. only ante-class.), bold, daring, undaunted:

decet innocentem servum atque innoxium Confidentem esse,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 8:

qui me alter est audacior homo? aut qui me confidentior?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1:

senex, ellum, confidens, catus,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 14.— Comp.:

quod est nimio confidentius,

Gell. 10, 26, 9.—

In a bad sense, shameless, audacious, impudent:

qui fortis est, idem est fidens, quoniam confidens malā consuetudine loquendi in vitio ponitur, ductum verbum a confidendo, quod laudis est, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14: improbus, confidens, nequam, malus videatur, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 262, 11; Turp. ib. p. 262, 13:

homo,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73 (cf. Cic. Caecin. 10, 27); Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 3; * Hor. S. 1, 7, 7; Quint. 9, 3, 65; Suet. Dom. 12.— Sup.:

juvenum confidentissime,

Verg. G. 4, 445:

mendacium,

App. Mag. p. 318, 27.—Hence, adv.: confīdenter.

In a good sense, boldly, daringly:

confidenter hominem contra colloqui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 183; 2, 2, 207; id. Capt. 3, 5, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Cic. Cael. 19, 44:

loqui,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28.—

In a bad sense, audaciously, impudently, Afran. ap. Non. p. 262, 17; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 7.— Sup.:

confidentissime resistens,

Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8 fin.

ex-sculpo ( exculp-), psi, ptum, 3, v. a.

To dig out, cut out, chisel out, carve.

Lit.:

terram unde exsculpserant, fossam vocabant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.: foramina arborum exsculpta digitos sex. Cato, R. R. 18, 2:

nescio quid e quercu exsculpseram, quod videretur simile simulacri,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 2:

signum ex molari lapide,

Quint. 2, 19, 3; cf. id. 2, 4, 7.—

Transf., prov.: leoni esurienti ex ore exsculpere praedam, said of any thing exceedingly difficult or daring, Lucil. ap. Non. 102, 22. —

Trop., to get out, elicit, extort:

ex aliquo verum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45:

in quaestione vix exsculpsi, ut diceret,

obtained, Plaut. Cist. 2, 2, 6.—

To scratch out, erase:

hos versus Lacedaemonii exsculpserunt,

Nep. Paus. 1, 4.

ex-sculpo ( exculp-), psi, ptum, 3, v. a.

To dig out, cut out, chisel out, carve.

Lit.:

terram unde exsculpserant, fossam vocabant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.: foramina arborum exsculpta digitos sex. Cato, R. R. 18, 2:

nescio quid e quercu exsculpseram, quod videretur simile simulacri,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 2:

signum ex molari lapide,

Quint. 2, 19, 3; cf. id. 2, 4, 7.—

Transf., prov.: leoni esurienti ex ore exsculpere praedam, said of any thing exceedingly difficult or daring, Lucil. ap. Non. 102, 22. —

Trop., to get out, elicit, extort:

ex aliquo verum,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45:

in quaestione vix exsculpsi, ut diceret,

obtained, Plaut. Cist. 2, 2, 6.—

To scratch out, erase:

hos versus Lacedaemonii exsculpserunt,

Nep. Paus. 1, 4.