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101 δέμω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `build' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. demeote \/ demeontes\/ ptc. fut. tokodomo \/ toikhodomos\/, naudomo \/ naudomos\/, etedomo \/ entesdomos\/?Derivatives: δέμας (nom. and acc.) `building of the body, outward appearance' (Il.; s. Vivante Arch. glottol. it. 40, 44f.) with analogical - ας, δομή `id.' (A. R.), also = `τεῖχος, οἰκοδομή' (H., uncertain J. AJ 15, 11, 3) with δομαῖος `to building useful' (A. R.); - δόμος ( δῶμα, δῶ), s.s.v. - Deverb. aorist δωμῆσαι, - ήσασθαι (A. R.; δωμήσουσιν οἰκοδομήσουσι H.), from *δωμάω (or *δωμέω?, Schwyzer 719 n. 5), with δώμημα (Lycia), ἐνδώμησις (Smyrna Ip etc.), δώμησις, δωμητύς H., δωμήτωρ (Man.). - With short vowel late forms: δομέοντι οἰκοδομοῦντι H., δεδομημένος (J., Aristid.) with δόμησις, δόμημα (J.), δομήτωρ (Anon. Prog. in Rh.); from οἰκο-δομέω (Ion.-Att.)? - S. also μεσό-δμη. Nomen agentis οἰκοδόμος with οἰκοδομέω `build'. Adj. ναο-, πυργο- `tempel, fortif. building'.Etymology: The present δέμω has a parallel in the German. verb Goth. ga-timan, OS teman, OHG zeman ` geziemen, fit'. To this group belongs the r-stem for `building wood', e. g. ONo. timbr, OHG zimbar, NHG Zimmer with the denomin. Goth. timrjan etc. ` zimmern', PGm. * tim(b)ra-, IE * demh₁-ro- (disyllabic root with germanic loss of the - h₁-; cf. νεό-δμᾱ-τος, δέ-δμᾱ-μαι), from *-dm̥h₁-. The root had - h₁-: Beekes, Development (291 Add. to p. 202), pointing to notations with η in Pindar; thus Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 316, who points to Myc. demeote. - Here further Hier.-Luw. ta+ mi-ha `I built' (Kronasser ΜΝΗΜΗΣ ΧΑΡΙΝ 1, 201). - See further δόμος, δῶμα, δεσπότης, μεσόδμη.Page in Frisk: 1,364Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέμω
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102 δίς
Grammatical information: num. adv.Meaning: `twice' (Od.);Other forms: as first member δι- `two-' (Il.).Compounds: as first member διχο-Derivatives: Denomin. δίζω `hesitate' (Π 713, Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 65). Further διξός (Ion.), δισσός, Att. διττός `twofold, double' with δισσαχοῦ, - ττ- etc. (see below); δίχα adv. (prep.) `apart, separated' (Il.) with διχῃ̃, διχοῦ etc.; from διχο- διχάς f. `half, middle' (Arat.; after μονάς etc.) and the denomin. διχάζω `distribute' (Pl.) with διχασμός, δίχασις (hell.), διχαστῆρες ὀδόντες `the cutting teeth' (Poll.); also διχάω (Arat.), διχαίω (Arat.; s. Schwyzer 676). - διχθά `apart. in two' (Hom.) with διχθάδιος `twofold, double' (Hom.), διχθάς f. (as adj.) `double' (Musae.). - Isolated δισκάζεται διαφέρεται H.; for *διξάζεται or dissimilated from διστάζεται?Origin: IE [Indo-European] [228] *du̯is `twice'Etymology: Old num. adverb, identical with Skt. dvíḥ, Lat. bis (OLat. duis), NHG zwir `twice'; as first member di- = Skt. dvi-, Lat. bi- (cf. on δύο), Germ., e. g. Goth. twi-, Lith. dvi-; e. g. δί-πους, Skt. dvi-pád-, Lat. bi-pēs; cf. Gonda Reflexions on the numerals "one" and "two" 41f. - Unclear is the velar-derivation; beside Gr. δίχα we have Skt. dví-dhā `twofold', of which the dh may be found in δι-χ-θα. Also διξός and δισσός suppose velar derivations: *διχθ-ι̯ο-, διχ-ι̯ο-? S. Schwyzer 598. - After δίχα, διχθά also τρίχα, τριχθά etc. (Schwyzer ib.). - IE *du̯i-s belongs to δύο; beside *du̯i-s in δί-ς we have * dis- in δι-α, s. v. S. also δοιοί.Page in Frisk: 1,398-399Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίς
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103 δολιχός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `long' (Il.).Compounds: Often as first member of compounds; note δολιχό-σκιος of ἔγχος (Hom.), `with a long shadow'.Derivatives: With regular accent change (Schwyzer 420) δόλιχος m. `the long course', (Att. etc.) with δολιχεύω `run a long course', δολιχεύς `long course runner' (Sparta IIp); on δόλιχος as plant name (Thphr.) s. Strömberg Theophrastea 107 n. 1, Pflanzennamen 24. Lengthened poet. form with metrical lengthening δουλιχόεις (AP); PlN Δολιχίστη island before Lycia, prop. superlative, and Δουλίχιον island in the Ionic Sea (Hom.), cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 101.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [196] *d(e)lh₁gʰó- `long'Etymology: Old IE word for `long', in: Skt. dīrghá-, Av. darǝγa-, OCS dlъgъ, Serb. dȕg, Lith. (with unexplained loss of d-) ìlgas, Hitt. dalugi-. From *dl̥H-gho-; δολιχ- (and dalug-) have unexplained vowel (s. Schwyzer 278, Specht Ursprung 126, Locker Glotta 22, 59, Kronasser Vgl. Laut- und Formenlehre des Heth. 42). Here also Lat. indulgeō `be kind, indulgent' and Germ., e. g. Goth. tulgus `fest, steadfast' are connected, as well as Alb. glatë, gjatë `long' (with sec. -të?). - To δολιχός belongs ἐνδελεχής `continuous' (Att. etc.) with ἐνδελέχεια, ἐνδελεχέω, - ίζω, - ισμός (like ἐν-τελής, ἐμ-μελής etc.). - Another word for `long' in westeuropean languages with Lat. longūs, Goth. laggs etc. A supposed * dlongo- cannot bridge the difference, in spite of MPers. drang, NPers. dirang. See Porzig Gliederung 123f., 190f.Page in Frisk: 1,406-407Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δολιχός
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104 εἰκάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `picture, compare, suspect' (Ion.-Att.), on the meaning cf. Brunel Aspect verbal 71, 155, 174, 184.Derivatives: ( ἀπ-)εἰκασία `picture, comparison, suspicion' (Ion.-Att.; on the formation Schwyzer 469) with εἰκάσιμος `aestimabilis' (gloss.; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 99), ( ἀπ-)εἴκασμα `representation' (A., Pl.), ( ἀπ-, ἐπ-)εἰκασμός `supposition' (D. H., Str.); - εἰκαστής `who supposes' (Th. 1, 138; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 73f.), `who pictures' (D. H.); εἰκαστός `comparable' (S. u. a.), εἰκαστικός `which belongs to (making) a picture (Pl. a. o).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1129] *u̯eik- `resemble, fit'Etymology: Four-syllabic ἐϊκάσδω presupposes like synonymous Hom. (Ϝ)ε(Ϝ)ίσκω an original *ϜεϜικάζω. Both formations are new factitive presents to the perf. (Ϝ)έ-(Ϝ)οικ-α `be like, resemble', du. (Ϝ)έ-(Ϝ)ικ-τον, pret. (Ϝ)έ-(Ϝ)ικ-το (Schwyzer 735). See ἔοικα.Page in Frisk: 1,452-453Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰκάζω
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105 εἰλέω 1
εἰλέω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `press together, draw together, fence in' (Hom.)Other forms: Ep. Delph. also εἴλομαι in εἰλόμενος, εἰλέσθω(ν), Dor. El. Ϝηλέω, Att. sometimes ἴλλω, εἴλλω (cf. below), aor. ἔλσαι, ἐέλσαι (Ep.), med.-pass. ἀλήμεναι, ἀλῆναι, ἀλείς, perf. med. ἔελμαι, - μένος (Ep.), perfect preterite ἐόλει? (Pi., s. below); from there the new εἰλῆσαι, εἰλήσω, εἴλημαι, εἰλήθην (Ion. Hell.)Compounds: With prefix ἀπ(ο-), e. g. ἀπο-Ϝηλέω (El.), ἐξ-, e. g. ἐγ-Ϝηληθίωντι (Her.) = ἐξ-ειληθῶσι, κατ(α)-, e. g. κατα-Ϝελμένος (Cret.), προσ- ( προτι-), συν-ειλέω, -( ε)ίλλω etc. with diff. shades of meaning.Derivatives: Of the derivatives most have become formally and semantically independent: ἁλής, ἀολλής, ἐξουλή, ἴλη ( εἴλη), οὑλαμός (s. vv.). Further: βήλημα κώλυμα, φράγμα ἐν ποταμῳ̃ H.; i. e. Ϝήλημα, Mess. ἤλημα, κατ-, συν-είλησις `pressing together, what is pressed' or `what is drawn together' (Epicur. or Ael.), εἰληθμός ( εἰδ- cod.) συστροφή, φυγή H., προσείλημα ( κεφαλῆς) `turban' (Kreon Hist.; to 2?). From (Ϝ)ίλλω prob. Ϝιλσιιος gen. `adversity' (Pamphyl. IVa); unclear ἰλλάς `pressed together (?)' (S. Fr. 70, E. Fr. 837), cf. on 2. εἰλέω; lengthened ἰλλίζει, s. ib. S. also on εἶλαρ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1138] *u̯el- `press together'Etymology: As the basis of εἰλέω, Ϝηλέω, to which belongs also ἀπελλεῖν (?, cod. - ειν) ἀποκλείειν H. (Aeol.), one may posit a nasal present *Ϝελ-νέω, which may be a variant of εἴλω \< *Ϝέλ-νω (Schwyzer 720; cf. also 693 w. n. 11, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 130). Beside it there is a reduplicated ἴλλω \< *Ϝί-Ϝλ-ω (mostly to 2., like ἰλλόμενος A. R. 2, 27, s. on 2.). (For εἴλλω vowelprothesis was assumed \< *ἐ-Ϝέλ-νω ( ἐ-Ϝέλ-ιω?; so Solmsen, s. below) which is now no longer possible, if not simply through (graphical) influence of εἰλέω. - The non-present forms were oirginally, as is to be expected, primary: aor. (Ϝ)έλ-σαι, perf. *(Ϝ)έ-(Ϝ)ολα in ἐόλει `(op)pressed' (Pi. P. 4, 233; coni. Boeckh)?, med. with secondary full grade (Ϝ)έ-(Ϝ)ελ-μαι, intr. aor. with zero grade (Ϝ)αλῆ-ναι; these forms were replaced by the innovations εἰλῆσαι etc. From the many IE words with an element u̯el-, only some Balto-Slavic formations can be considered as cognates of 1. εἰλέω. Thus Russ. válom `in mass', the instrumental of a noun * valъ (IE *u̯ōlos) with many derivatives, e. g. zavál `stoppage, blocking' (cf. Ϝήλημα); on the maning cf. esp. (Ϝ)άλις. An other instrumental in OCS Russ. velьmí `μεγάλως, very', from * velь (IE *u̯eli-). From Baltic: Lith. su-valýti `collect (grain), reap (together)'; further perh. Lith. veliù, vélti (with Russ. valjátь) `to full'; but see also on 2. εἰλέω. It is not always possible to distinguish εἰλέω `press (together)' and εἰλέω `wind'. - On the group see Solmsen Unt. 224ff., 285ff.; s. also Burdach NJbb. 49, 254ff.Page in Frisk: 1,456-457Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλέω 1
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106 ἐλαύνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `drive, push, beat out (metal)', intr. `drive, ride' (on the meaning in the Epos cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 95f., 115f.);Other forms: also ἐλάω in inf. ἐλάᾱν, ptc. ἐλάων, impf. ἔλων (Hom.), ipv. ἔλα (Pi.), ἐλάτω, - άντω, - άσθω (Dor. inscr.) etc. (further Schwyzer 681f.), aor. ἐλάσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι, fut. ἐλάω, perf. med. ἐλήλαμαι (Il.), - ασμαι (Hp. usw.), act. ἐλήλακα (Hdt.), aor. pass. ἐλα(σ)θῆναι (Hdt.)Derivatives: Nomina actionis: ἔλασις `march (of an army), ride, expulsion etc.' (Ion.-Att.), often of the prefixed verbs: δι-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, περι-έλασις etc. (see Holt Les noms d'action en - σις, s. index); rare ἐλασία `ride, march' (X.) with ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-ελασία (hell.), after βο-ηλασία etc. (from βο-ηλατέω, - άτης), cf. Schwyzer 468f., Chantr. Form. 83f.; ἔλασμα `chased metal, tin, probe' (Ph. Bel., Gal.) with ἐλασμάτιον (Delos IIa, Dsc.); ἐλασμός = ἔλασμα, ἔλασις (Aristeas); ἔλατρον `flat cake' (Miletos Va), vgl. ἐλατήρ. Nom. agentis: ἐλατήρ `driver' (Il.) with ἐλατήριος `driving off' (A. Ch. 968 [lyr.]), normally `carrying away, purging', n. `purgative' (Hp.; s. Andre Les ét. class. 24, 41); ἐλατήρ `flat cake' (Com.); ἐλάτης `driver' (E. Fr. 773, 28 [lyr.]) from βοηλάτης (with βοηλατέω, - σία, s. above), ἱππηλάτης, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 31f.; ἐλάστωρ `id.' ( App. Anth. 3, 175); ἐλαστής `id.' (EM); ἐλατρεύς ὁ τρίτην πύρωσιν ἔχων τοῦ σιδήρου παρὰ τοῖς μεταλλεῦσιν H.; see Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 82f.; also as PN (θ 111); s. Boßhardt 120. Verbal adj.: ἐλατός `malleable, beaten' (Arist.), ἐξ-ήλατος `beaten' (Μ 295; several compounds like ἱππ-ήλατος, θε-ήλατος (Ion.-Att.); ἐλαστός `id.' (pap.). - Desiderat. ἐλασείω (Luc.), iterative preterite ἐλάσασκεν (Β 199). - On ἐλασᾶς and ' Ελάστερος s. vv.Etymology: Basis is ἐλᾰ- \< * h₁elh₂-; ἐλαύνω from a verbal noun *ἐλα-Ϝαρ, ἐλα-υν- (to ἐλά-ω like *ἀλε-Ϝαρ, ἀλέ-(Ϝ)ατα to ἀλέω, s. v.). A sec. formation is ἐλαστρέω (s. Έλάστερος s. v). - No certain cognate. (Arm. eɫanim `become' is improbable. Arm. elanem `go out, up' belongs to the verbs in - anem = gr. - άνω). For the Celtic nā-present OIr. ad-ellaim `go to, visit' could belong to πίλναμαι. Other Celtic forms have ( p)el-.Page in Frisk: 1,482-483Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαύνω
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107 ἐλελίζω 2
ἐλελίζω (2)Grammatical information: v.Meaning: 1. `shake', med.-pass. `tremble, be shaken', 2. `turn round, t. oneself' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member (cf. Schwyzer 444: 3) in ἐλελί-χθων `shaking the earth' (Pi. P. 2, 4), `earth-shaker', surname of Poseidon (Pi. P. 6, 50), of Dionysos (S. Ant. 153); also in ἐλελί-σφακος, - ον s. v.Etymology: In the aorist forms ἐλέλιξα, ἐλελίχθην two verbs seem to have merged: 1. a reduplic. present ἐλελίζω `shake'; 2. an augmented *ἐ-Ϝέλιξα with the present (Ϝ)ελίσσω `turn' (s. v. ἔλιξ). The preterite ἐλέλικτο refers to a snake in Λ 39 and belongs therefore as *ϜεϜέλικτο `twisted itself' to 2; the expression ἔγχος... σειόμενον ἐλέλικτο Ν 558 can as well represent the turning or whirling as the shaking movement. It is no longer possible to distinguish the two. Cf. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 132, also Bechtel Lex. s. ἐλελίζω. - In the meaning `shake' ἐλελίξαι, ἐλελίζω is connected with Skt. réjate `tremble', réjati `put in (whirling) movement', Goth. laikan `jump', Lith. láigyti `wild umherlaufen' etc.; it supposes that - ίξαι, - ίζω is part of the root; see Risch 257ff. One starts from a root aorist ἐ-λέ-λιξ-α, to which the passive aorist ἐ-λελίχ-θην and the present ἐ-λελίζω were formed either with prothesis (impossible) or with draging of the augment (cf. Schwyzer 648); both rather improbable. The reduplication may be a young Greek element.Page in Frisk: 1,488-489Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλελίζω 2
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108 ἐνηής
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `mild, soft, benevolent' (IG 14, 1648, 8; metrical tomb-inscription)Derivatives: ἐνηείη `mildness, benevolence' (Ρ 670, Opp.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [77] *h₂eu̯- `benevolence, help'Etymology: Uncertain. Formations like ἐν-τελής (to τέλος) point to a second member *ἦος, which can be PGr. *ἆϜος, which differs only in ablaut from Skt. ávas-, Av. avah- n. `favour, benevolence, help' (to which belongs also Lat. aveō etc.); so ἐνηής is prop. `having benevolence' (cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 456). For the ablaut cf. ἄγος beside Skt. ā́gas- (compositional lengthening?). Other possibilities in Strömberg Prefix Studies 115. - One compared ἀΐτης (s.v.), from *ἄ(Ϝ)ος with short α-. Further Pok. 77f., W.-Hofmann s. aveō.Page in Frisk: 1,515-516Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐνηής
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109 ἐντός
Grammatical information: adv. and prep.Meaning: `inside' (Il.).Derivatives: ἔντοσθε(ν), rare ἔντοθεν (after ἔνδοθεν, ἔκτοθεν etc.) `(from) inside' (ep. Ion., Il.;) with ἐντόσθια and ἐντοσθίδια n. pl. `intestines' (Hp., Arist.; cf. Chantraine Formation 39), with the adj. ἐντόσθιος, - ίδιος `of the intestines' (medic. a. o.); cf. below. - Comparative ἐντότερος `inner' (LXX).Etymology: With Lat. intus `(from) inside' identical; IE formation in - tos (e. g. Skt. i-táḥ `from here', Lat. peni-tus `[from] inside') to the adverb *en; s. ἔν. Cf. ἐκτός. - ἐντόσθια not with Vendryes REGr. 23, 74 from *ἐντόστια (after ἔντοσθε) = Skt. antastya- n. `intestines'; the word belongs to Skt. antár `inside' (s. ἔντερον) with regular replacement of -r by -s- in sandhi before suffix - tya-.Page in Frisk: 1,525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐντός
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110 ἐρεύγομαι 1
ἐρεύγομαι 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `belch out, disgorge, discharge, vomit', also metaph., e. g. of the sea (Il.), (cf. 2. ἐρεύγομαι).Other forms: ἐρυγγάνω (Hp., Att.), aor. ἤρυγον (Ar., Arist.), ἠρευξάμην (Procop.), fut. ἐρεύξομαι (Ev. Matt. 13, 35),Derivatives: ἔρευξις, ἐρευγμός, also ἔρυξις, ἐρυγμός, ἔρυγμα with ἐρυγματώδης (also ἐρευγματώδης), ἐρυγή `belching out etc.' (Hp.).Etymology: ἐρεύγομαι (with the nasal present ἐρυγγάνω, like πυνθάνομαι beside πεύθομαι etc.) belongs to an expressive group of words found in several languages, e. g. Lat. ē-rūgō (= ἐρεύγομαι), Lith. riáugmi, riáugėti (athem.), Russ. iter. rygátь `have pushes, ruminate'; with zero grade as in ἤρυγον OHG ita-ruchjan `ruminate', OE rocettan (\< PGm. *rŭkatjan) `belch', Arm. orcam (\< o-rŭc-am, iterative formation with `prothetic' o- as Gr. ἐ-); also NPers. ā-rōγ `belch'. - Pok. 871, W.-Hofmann s. ērūgō, Ernout-Meillet s. * rūgō.Page in Frisk: 1,554Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρεύγομαι 1
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111 ἐρι-
Grammatical information: prefixMeaning: `very, high' (Il.),Compounds: esp. in Bahuvrihi's like ἐρί-(γ)δουπος, - σθενής, - τιμος, - αύχην; also ἐρι-βρεμέτης, - δμᾶτος (A. Ag. 1461 [lyr.]) a. o.; cf. Chantraine REGr. 49, 406.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside ἐρι- stands with the same meaning ἀρι-, which however like Skt. ari-, as opposed to ἐρι-, belongs in verbal adjectives, cf. s. v. and Schwyzer 434. One might think of a connection with ὄρνυμι `rise etc.' ( ἐρι- beside *ἔρος?, cf. s. ἐρέας). - The comment in DELG is unclear to me.Page in Frisk: 1,557-558Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρι-
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112 ἕρπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `crawl, slink, go on all four', Dor. also `go' in gen. (Il.).Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. ἀν-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, ἐφ-, προσ-. As 1. member in ἑρπ-άκανθα = ἄκανθος (Ps.-Dsc.).Derivatives: εΏρπετόν n. `animal that goes, crawls on all fours' as opposed to birds ( πετεινά) and men (Ion.-Att., δ 418; Aeol. ὄρπετον with zero grade, cf. below; on the formation Schwyzer 502, Chantraine Formation 299); ἕρπης, - ητος m. `shingles(?)' (Hp.; Schwyzer 499, Chantraine 267), ἑρπήν, - ῆνος m. `id.' (Ph.; after λειχήν a. o.; also ἑρπήνη EM) with ἑρπηνώδης (Ph.); ἕρπηλα a shell-fish (Ath.; form uncertain); ἑρπηδών, - όνος f. `crawling' (Nic.; Chantraine 360f.); ἑρπηστής `crawling animals' (Nic., AP; rare like τευχηστής a. o.; Chantraine 317); - ἕρπυλλος m. f. `tufted thyme' (Com.; after it Lat. serpullum) with ἑρπύλλ-ιον, - άριον `id.' and ἑρπυλλίς `grasshopper' (H.; cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 17); uncertain ἑρπυξή (Dsc. 3, 69; after πύξος?; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 111). - ἕρψις `crawling' (Pl., Arist.). - An expressive enlargement is ἑρπύζω `crawl' (Il.; cf. Schwyzer 736, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 336), to which belongs the Attic aorist ἑρπύσαι (after ἐρύσαι, ἑλκύσαι?); from there ἑρπυστικός (Hp., Arist.) and rare and late ἕρπυσις, - υσμός, - υστήρ, - υστής, - υστάζω. - On ὅρπηξ `sprout, twig' s. v.Etymology: ἕρπω is identical with Skt. sárpati `id.', Lat. serpō `id.'. The zero grade in Aeol. ὄρπετον also in the Skt. thematic root aorist á-sr̥p-at. Several languages have derived indications of the snake: Skt. sarpá- m., Lat. serpens, Alb. gjarpër. - On meaning and spread of ἕρπω Bloch Suppl. Verba 71ff. Details in W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. serpō.Page in Frisk: 1,565-566Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕρπω
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113 ἔρχατος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: φραγμός H.Other forms: Also ἕρκατος φραγμός, ἑρκάτη φυλακή.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: In itself the change κ\/χ might point to a Pre-Greek word. One may have been influenced by ἔρκος (s.v.). There is also ἑρκάνη, ὁρκάνη. Latte corrects ἑρκάτη in ἑρκάνη, which is in any case too uncertain. Cf. also ὄρχατος `orchard'; perhaps adapted to ἐρχατόωντο (ξ 15), which belongs to εἴργω; s. v. - Acc. to Fraenkel KZ 72, 193ff. to Lith. sérgėti `protect, guard'.Page in Frisk: 1,572Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρχατος
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114 ἐτός 1
ἐτός 1.Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: only with negation οὑκ ἐτός `not in vain' (Att.); beside it ἐτώσιος adj. `useless, fruitless' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Though its formation is unclear (cf. Chantraine Formation 42, Schwyzer 466, Mezger Word 2, 229) ἐτώσιος for *Ϝετώσιος (rejected by Fay Class. Quart. 3, 273) is prob. an adjectivising enlargement of ἐτός (cf. περιώσιος beside περί), which stands for *Ϝετός and formally belongs to the adverbs in - τός ( ἐν-τός etc.). Further unclear; semantically near is Alb. hut `useless, empty, idle' \< IE * uto- (Jokl WienAkSb. 168: 1,31); Meillet MSL 8, 235f. and Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 809 further adduce αὔτως as `idle, useless' (cf. s. αὑτός). After Ebel KZ 5, 69 (thus Prellwitz and Bartholomae WB.) however identical with Skt. svatáḥ, Av. xvatō `of itself' (IE *su̯e-tós), which seems possible in spite of the difference in meaning (`of itself' \> `withou outside cause'?).Page in Frisk: 1,582-583Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐτός 1
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115 ἐχυρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `strong, secure' (Th., X.) with ἐχυρότης `tenability etc.' (Ph.), ἐχυρόω `fasten' (Phot., Suid.).Compounds: Comp. ἐν-έχυρον n. `pledge, security' (Ion.-Att.), hypostasis of ἐν ἐχυρῳ̃; with ἐνεχυράζω `take a pledge' with ἐνεχυρ-ασία, - ασμα, - αστής a. o.; also ἐνεχυρόω with - ωμα.Derivatives: ὀχυρός `id.' (Hes., A., E.), with compositional lengthening ἀν-ώχυρος `not fortified' (X. Ages. 6, 6, SIG 569, 7; IIIa; cf. Frisk Adj. priv. 9); with ὀχυρότης (Plb.), ὀχυρόω (X., Arist.) with ὀχύρ-ωμα, - ωμάτιον, - ωσις, - ωτικός.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [288] *seǵh- `hold, have'Etymology: Comparable seems Skt. sáhuri- `victorious, strong' (RV); an old u(s)-stem is also in Germ., e. g. OHG sigu m. `victory'. Beside the rebuilt u-stem in ὀχυ-, ἐχυ-ρ-ός stands he neutral s-stem in Skt. sáhas- `power, might, victory', Goth. sigis `victory', IE *séǵhos- (would be Gr. *ἔχος); here belongs the adv. ὄχ-α `widely, by far' (cf. ταχύς: τάχα a. o.; Schwyzer 622f.). - The change ὀχ-: ἐχ- can be old ablaut (Schmidt KZ 32, 353), but secondary influence of ἔχω is also possible. - Further s. ἔχω.Page in Frisk: 1,602Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐχυρός
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116 ἠρίον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `mound, barrow' (Ψ 126).Compounds: Als 1. member in ἠρι-εργής τυμβώρυχος H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Acc. to Kretschmer Mélanges van Ginneken 207ff. here also the river name Ήριδανός: orig. name of a small river in Attica, then through mixing with ` Ροδανός applied to this and the Po (on the formation Schwyzer 530); diff. Pokorny Mélanges Boisacq 2, 193ff.: Ήριδανός from Rhodanos through Iber. * Errodanos with adaptation to the Attic river name (improbable; diff. on Ήριδανός Alessio Studi etr. 18, 150, Belardi Doxa 3, 205). Formation as κηρίον (: κηρός), μηρία (: μηρός) a. o. (Chantraine Formation 59). By the ancients connected with ἔρα `earth' (cf. Schwyzer 424, where unclear πολύηρος πολυάρουρος, πλούσιος H. is recalled), but after Ψ 126 μέγα ἠρίον rather to be reconstructed as *Ϝηρίον. Often derived from a root u̯er- `cover' (WP. 1, 280ff.), referring to Germanic words, e. g. OWNo. vǫr f. (IE *u̯orā) a. o. `hill or bank of stones or gravel', OWNo. ver n. (IE *u̯oriom) `dam', which depend first from a verb for ` avert', Goth. warjan etc. hang from. - (Not to Skt. vr̥ṇóti which rather belongs to εἰλύω; s. v.)Page in Frisk: 1,643-644Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἠρίον
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117 θάλασσα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sea' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Att. θάλαττα, Lat Cretan θάλαθθα (Buck, Gr. Diall. $ 81b), Lac. in σαλασσο-μέδοισα Alc. 84.Compounds: Several compp., e. g. θαλασσο-κράτωρ (Hdt., Th.), ἀμφι-θάλασσος `surrounded by the sea' (Pi.; Bahuvrihi); often in hypostases, mostly with - ιος (- ίδιος), e. g. ἐπι-, παρα-θαλάσσιος, - ίδιος (IA).Derivatives: θαλάσσιος `belonging to the sea, maritime' (Hom.), - ία f. - ιον n. as plant name (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 114), θαλασσ-ίδιος (Hdt.), - αῖος (Simon., Pi.) `id.', θαλασσώδης `sea-like' (Hanno Peripl.), θαλασσερός m. `kind of eye-salve' (Gal.); θαλασσίτης ( οἶνος Plin.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96). Denominatives: θαλασσ-εύω `be in the sea' (Th.), - όομαι, - όω `be filled by water from the sea, change into sea' (Arist., hell.) with θαλάσσωσις `inundation' (Thphr., Ph.), - ίζω `be like water from the sea, wash in water of the sea' (Ath., pap.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: For the notion sea, the Greeks used for the old word, limited to Italo-Celtic, Germanic, Balto-Slavic mare - Meer etc. partly old words with a new meaning, ἅλς, prop. `salt', πόντος, prop. `path', partly made others with IE elements like Greek πέλαγος. To θάλασσα belongs Maced. (?) δαλάγχαν θάλασσαν H. the attempts to explain it are doubtful: v. Windekens Beitr. z. Namenforschung 1, 200f., id. Le Pélasgique 89, Autran REIE 2, 17ff., Buck Class. Studies pres. to E. Capps (s. Idg. Jb. 22, 220), Battisti Studi etr. 16, 369ff., Pisani Rend. Acc. Lincei 7, 67ff., Vey BSL 51, 80ff., Steinhauser Μνήμης χάριν 2, 152ff. Acc. to Lesky Hermes 78, 258ff. θάλασσα was originally a foreign word for `salt water' and in this was replaced by synonymous IE ἅλς. Fur. 195 notes that it is not certain that δαλάγχαν is Macedonian (Kalléris does not give it). The word, with a prenasalized variant, is typically Pre-Greek. Furnée further connects σάλος, ζάλος, which seems possible but remains uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,648-649Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλασσα
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118 θαῦμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `wonder, astonishment' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θαυματο-ποιός `wonder-worker = juggler' (Pl., D.).Derivatives: θαυματός `wonderfull' (Hes. Sc. 165, h. Hom., Pi.) with θαυμάσιος `id.' (IA; Schwyzer 466), from where θαυμασιότης (Hp.); θαυματόεις `id.' (Man.); Θαύμας, - αντος (Hes.; Schwyzer 526, Chantraine Formation 269). Denomin. verbs: 1. θαυμαίνω `wonder, admire' (θ 108, h. Ven. 84) with Dor. Θωμάντας (Phleius); 2. θαυμάζω `id.' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 734) with θαυμαστής `admirer' and θαυμαστικός (Arist.), θαυμασμός `admiration' (hell.), θαύμακτρον prob. `money paid to see consurer's tricks' (Sophr. 120; cf. Chantraine 332); 3. θαυματίζομαι ἐκπλήττομαι H. - Θώμων (Boeot.); cf. γνῶμα: γνώμων a. o.; s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 214.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: θαῦμα belongs to the group of θάμβος, τέθηπα etc. with Pre-Greek labial\/F (Fur. 228-33); this also explains θῶμα with αυ\/ω, beside which through etymological notation in Hdt. also θῶυμα (Hoffmann Dial. 3, 366f.); from IE the variation cannot be explained. These verbal nouns go back on a verb for `see, observe', seen also in θέα `looking at' (s. v.), θεάομαι `behold'; θαῦμα. Thus Kuiper Gedenksch. Kretchmer (1956) 225, Fur. 236, 242 (who further compares Proto-Hatt. tāu̯u̯a `fear').Page in Frisk: 1,655-656Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θαῦμα
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119 θεμέρη
Grammatical information: adj.Compounds: As 1. member in θεμερῶπις adjunct of Άρμονίη (Emp. 122, 2), of αἰδώς (A. Pr. 134 [lyr.]); θεμερόφρονας συνετούς, σώφρονας H.Etymology: As simplex only θεμέρᾳ ὀπί (v. l. Pi. N. 7, 83), θεμε[ρώτε]ρα (IG 14, 1018, 3, IVp; correctly completed?). Beside θέμερος ( θεμερός ?) `solid, firm' sands *θέμιστος in Θεμιστο-κλῆς (cf. Άριστο-κλῆς) as κράτιστος beside κρατερός (s. Frisk Eranos 48, 6). The basis is nominal θεμ- in θεμούς, θέμεθλα, θεμέλια, s. vv. - Whether because of the explanation σεμνός `honourable, serious' a second θέμερος must be posited, seems doubtful. Acc. to Fick 1, 464; 3, 201 it belongs in this meaning to OHG timber `dark'. - One keeps some doubts about this IE etymology.Page in Frisk: 1,660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεμέρη
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120 θρόμβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `clump, curd, esp. of blood' (IA).Derivatives: θρομβίον (Dsc.), θρομβήϊον (Nic.), θρομβώδης `full of clumps' (IA), θρομβόομαι `form θ., congeal' with θρόμβωσις `curdling, thrombosis' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With θρόμβος agrees NIcel. drambr m. `knag, knot', IE *dhrómbhos if one assumes deaspiration after nasal in Greek (Schwyzer 333) but this did not occur ( ἀμφι; cf. on θάμβος), Porzig Satzinhalte 256, 316. A direct connection is however "höchst fraglich" (Frisk), as drambr belongs to an expressive Nordic wordgroup (e.g, OWNo. trē-drumbr m. `stump of a tree', dramb n. `resplendent presumption' a. o.). Baltic too has several comparable words, which are however semantically deviant, as Lith. dramblỹs, dremblỹs `fat belly', Latv. dram̃blis `glutton', s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. drìbti. - Inside Geek one generally connects θρόμβος with τρέφειν as `make congeal', med. τρέφεσθαι, aor. 2 τραφεῖν `congeal'; θρόμβος then "curdled mass". The verb however in Greek got the special meaning `make thick, feed' and has its proper development (s. v.) - So there is no convincing IE etymology, and the word will rather be of Pre-Greek origin (undecided Fur. 274); note that - μβ- cannot represent - mbh- (Schwyzer is unconvincing, cf. ἀμφί, ὀμφαλός).Page in Frisk: 1,685-686Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρόμβος
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