-
81 предметный
-
82 περί
περί, Thess., Delph. περ IG9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., Schwyzer 323 A4 (v/iv B.C.), also [dialect] Aeol., v. infr. A. V ; Elean παρ ib.413.4: Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.:—A round about, all round (prop. different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Skt. pári 'round about'.)A WITH GENITIVE,I of Place, sts. in Poets, round about, around,τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς Od.5.68
;τείχη π. Δαρδανίας E. Tr. 818
(lyr., s.v.l.);εἴλυμα π. χροός A.R.2.1129
: rarely, like ἀμφί, on both sides, v. περιβαίνω 1 fin.II to denote the object about or for which one does something:1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, Il.23.659 ;π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265
; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ib. 195, cf. 17.120;π. σεῖο 3.137
;π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416
; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, Od.9.423 ;π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161
;π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο Od.22.245
; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdt.7.57,9.37;ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν Id.8.102
;νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν Ar. Ra. 191
; <τὸν> π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες Hdt.8.74
; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός ibid., etc.;οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι X.HG7.1.7
; and without a Verb,π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί Th.1.122
;π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών X.Cyr. 3.3.44
, cf. S.Aj. 936(lyr.), etc.;μάχη π. τινός Pl.Tht. 179d
;ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης Il.23.437
, cf. 639, Hdt.8.26 ;πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι Pi.N.9.29
;π. θανάτου φεύγειν Antipho 5.95
; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, Il.15.284 ;καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων Od.8.225
, cf. 24.515.2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of,π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν Il.20.17
;ἄχος π. τινός Od.21.249
;φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234
;φροντίζειν π. τινός Hdt.8.36
, etc.;κήδεσθαι π. τ. S.Ph. 621
;δεδιέναι π. τ. Pl.Prt. 320a
, etc.;ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. X.Cyr.2.2.13
; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., Pi.N.5.40, Antipho 5.96; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, IG12.57.42, X.HG2.3.50, Lycurg.11 ;βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας Isoc.5.69
;π. Μεθωναίων IG12.57.49
; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, Pl.Phdr. 270d, Phd. 65e;μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. Hdt.8.36
, cf. S.Tr.77 ; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σοι; so with you it is a question of drink? Ar.Eq.87, cf. Plu.2.43b.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning,π. νόστου ἄκουσα Od.19.270
;οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563
;π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191
;π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135
, 3.77 ; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., Hdt. 1.5, S.OT 707, X.Cyr.1.6.13, etc.;λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου Th.4.22
, etc.;λόγος π. τινός Pl.Prt. 347b
, etc.;ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη Aeschin.1.48
; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, S.El. 1111, Ant. 193 ; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, Isoc.9.2, Pl.Plt. 274b, Euthphr.6c, etc.;παίζειν π. τινός X.Mem.1.3.8
;ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός Aeschin.1.82
;νόμον γράψαι π. τινός X.HG2.3.52
, etc.;νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός S.Ant. 214
.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.5 about, in regard to,μεμηνυμένος π. τινός Th.6.53
;οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου Hdt.1.117
;τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα Th.2.6
;τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός Plb.1.54.5
: in Prose freq. without a Verb,ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις Th.6.88
; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., ib.32, 8.14,26, etc. (cf. infr. C. 1.5); οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (sc. ἔχει) Pl.Men. 72c, cf. R. 534b, 551c, etc.; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, PMich.Zen.28.5 (iii B.C.): without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ πέρι as to number, Hdt.7.102; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι .. Id.2.54.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in [dialect] Ep.,π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.1.287
;π. δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375
;τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38
;ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325
;ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304
;π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν Od.7.108
;κρατερὸς π. πάντων Il.21.566
, cf. 1.417, Od.11.216: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων in understanding to be beyond them, Il.17.171, cf. 1.258, Od.1.66 ;π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν Il.17.279
;π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214
;π. δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289
, cf. Pi.O.6.50, Theoc. 25.119.—In this sense π. is sts. adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II.IV in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, Hdt.1. 120, cf. Antipho 6.3 ; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, Hdt.1.73, X.Mem.2.3.10, etc.; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, Id.An.7.7.44, Cyr.7.5.60 ;π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι Th.2.89
;π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.1.4.1
; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, Lys.2.71,31.31.V [dialect] Aeol. περί and περ = ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα Sapph.1.10; περ κεφάλας prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18 ;περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι Theoc.29.25
; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ57.12 (ii B. C.).B WITH DATIVE (in [dialect] Att. Prose mostly in signf. 11, esp. in Th.),I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc.,ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα Il.10.21
;χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν Od.15.60
;δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ Il.13.241
;ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν Od.24.467
;κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε Il.11.17
;βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401
: in Prose,π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας Hdt.7.61
;θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.2.13
; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί ib.1.3.2. ;π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα Pl.R. 359e
, etc.;χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι Il.13.245
;χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416
;πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648
; in other relations, π. δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, 2.389 ;δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95
;κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317
;π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598
;μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453
: rarely in Trag.,π. βρέτει πλεχθείς A.Eu. 259
(lyr.);κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ S.Ant. 1240
.2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it,π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη Il.21.577
;ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441
;κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86
;π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570
;πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει S.Aj. 828
;αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί Il.1.303
.3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him,ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ 17.4
; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι ib. 133 ; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει ib. 137, cf. 355 ;π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς Ar.Eq. 1039
.II of an object for or about which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1),π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι Od.17.471
;μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245
;π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος Il.16.568
;ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον Tyrt.10.2
;π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν Pl.Prt. 314a
;π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών Th.6.34
codd.;κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ Antipho 5.6
.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2),π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι Il.5.566
;ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240
, cf. 11.557;δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ Th.1.60
, cf. 74, 119, Ar.Eq.27;θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ Pl.Phd. 114d
, cf. Tht. 148c;π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ Theoc.1.54
.3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183;μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς Hdt.9.101
;π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι Th.6.33
;π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι Id.1.69
: in Poets, π. δείματι for fear, Pi.P.5.58 ; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers. 696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.);π. χάρματι h.Cer. 429
:—but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50.C WITH ACCUSATIVE,I of Place, prop. of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.11.42 ;π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους Il.23.13
;π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162
; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν ib. 173, 230 ;ἐρύσας π. σῆμα 24.16
, cf. 51, etc.;π. φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή 10.139
;π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362
: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.;λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ Il.8.519
;μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256
, etc.;φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303
; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί' ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750;σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25
, cf. Od.18.67: in Prose,ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε IG12.371.22
;φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι X.An. 5.1.9
; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, Pl.Phdr. 259a, cf. X.Cyr. 1.2.9;εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ Id.Cyn.4.4
; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, Ar.Ach. 1180; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, D.2.10;ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας Th.7.23
; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, Hdt.7.103 ; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., Antipho 4.4.2 : freq. with a Subst. only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, X.HG2.3.32 ;οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον Pl.Tht. 179e
;στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον IG12.324.18
: strengthd.,π. τ' ἀμφί τε τάφρον Il.17.760
;π. τ' ἀμφί τε κύματα Hes.Th. 848
; cf. ἀμφί c. 1.2.2 of persons who are about one,ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν X.HG5.3.22
; esp. οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues,οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις Th.8.63
; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, Pl.Cra. 440c, cf. X.An.1.5.8, etc.; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Id.HG5.4.2, cf. An.2.4.2, etc.; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3.3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, Il.24.444, Od.4.624 (but π. τεύχε' ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, Il.15.555); later mostly εἶναι π. τι, Th.7.31, X.HG2.2.4;γενέσθαι Isoc.3.12
; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett. Val.17.20;ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν D.48.6
;διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν X.Cyr.1.2.11
, etc.: less freq.ἔχειν π. τινάς Id.HG7.4.28
, Gal.15.442; in periphr. phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, Isoc.12.35 ;οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες Id.9.8
; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν ib.4 ; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς ministers of the mysteries, Pl.Phd. 69c ; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, X. Eq.6.3; cf. ἀμφί C. 1.6.4 round or about a place, and so in,π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι Od.4.368
, cf. 90;ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439
; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, Pi.P.4.122 ;χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον Hdt.3.61
, cf. 7.131;εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους Pl.R. 544d
, etc.; οἱπ. Φωκίδα τόποι Plb.5.24.12
, etc.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, Hdt.3.13, 6.26 ;εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς Pl.Smp. 193a
;ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους X.Cyr.5.2.10
;ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς Id.An.3.2.20
;ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.59.10
;ἄνδρ' ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν Ar.Ach. 696
;τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα Lys.10.21
;οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν Hdt.8.102
; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, Id.1.158, Pl.Grg. 507a;τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα Hdt.3.76
;καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα Pl. Euthphr.3b
;π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν X.Mem.1.1.20
; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb,αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί X.Cyr.7.2.20
;ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια Isoc.9.2
;ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις Pl.Phdr. 246b
: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of,π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει Hdt.2.93
, cf. 8.86;πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα Pl.Prt. 313d
;ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα Aeschin.1.42
; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς ib.126 ;ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον Th.8.84
; as to (cf. A. 11.5),π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος Pl.Tht. 179c
, cf. Phd. 65a : freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R. 370d ;οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους Id.Cri. 50d
;αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί Id.Phlb. 51e
; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., Id.Phdr. 279a; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., X.HG5.4.2 ;ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν Arist.EN 1149b19
: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίας ) the events of.., Id.8.63;τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 468a
;τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα Id.Phdr. 246d
;τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς X.Cyr.8.1.23
, etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, Hdt.7.215; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, X.An.1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν ib.2.1.7; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς ib.6.5.32 ;π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Th.3.89
, etc.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Id.1.54;π. ἑπτακοσίους X.HG2.4.5
, etc.D Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe,ἄστυ πέρι Il.22.173
;ἔριδος πέρι 16.476
: most freq. with gen.,τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι A.Eu. 630
;τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι Id.Th. 248
, etc. (S. only once uses it before its gen., Aj. 150 (anap.)): in Prose,σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι Hdt.8.36
;σοφίας πέρι Pl.Phlb. 49a
;δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων Id.Grg. 455a
, etc.; , cf. Ap. 19c.E περί abs., as ADV., around, about, also, near, by, freq. in Hom.,γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών Il.19.362
, al.: strengthd., round about,h.Cer.
276, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.13.II before or above others (cf. A. 111), exceedingly, only [dialect] Ep., in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe,Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί Il.8.161
, cf. 9.53; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι ib. 100; ;ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη Od.2.116
, cf. 7.110; ;πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88
; .2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the [dialect] Ep. phrase π. κῆρι right heartily,π. κῆρι φίλησε Il.13.430
, etc. ( κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117);ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53
; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο ib.46, cf. Od.5.36, 7.69;π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη Il.13.206
; alsoπ. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157
;π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη Od.14.433
;ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ Il.22.70
, cf. Od.14.146;π. σθένεϊ Il.17.22
.4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards,δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος Stratt.34
, cf. Phot.;τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω Ael.NA9.34
.F IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω v, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat. per-.V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιος (q.v.).G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (περ' ἰγνύσι h.Merc. 152
); once in Hes., (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.;περ' ἰγνύῃσι Theoc.25.242
;περ' Ἠδάλιον Inscr.Cypr. 135.27
H.; also in Pi.,περάπτων P.3.52
;περόδοις N.11.40
; ;περ' αὐτᾶς P.4.265
;ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθας O.6.38
: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag. 1147, Eu. 634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo) (q. v.):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq. 1005 sq.:—[dialect] Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5. -
83 cast
cast, US [transcription][k_st]A n1 Cin, Theat, TV ( list of actors) distribution f ; ( actors) acteurs mpl ; the members of the cast les acteurs ; cast and credits générique m ; cast of characters (in play, novel) liste f des personnages ; Bogart and Bacall head a strong cast Bogart et Bacall apparaissent en tête d'une brillante distribution ; the film has an all-star cast il n'y a que des vedettes or des acteurs très connus dans ce film ; she was in the cast of ‘The Birds’ elle a joué dans ‘Les Oiseaux’ ;3 ( arrangement) cast of features traits mpl du visage, physionomie f ; cast of mind tournure f d'esprit ;7 Zool (skin of snake, insect) dépouille f ; ( owl pellet) boulette f (de déchets régurgités) ; ( of worm) déjections fpl ;1 ( throw) jeter, lancer [stone, net, fishing line] ; jeter [dice] ; projeter [light, shadow] ; to be cast into prison être jeté en prison ; to cast doubt on émettre des doutes sur ; to cast light on éclairer ; to cast (a) new light on éclairer [qch] d'un jour nouveau ; to cast a spell on jeter un sort à ;2 ( direct) jeter [glance, look] (at sur) ; her eyes were cast downwards elle avait les yeux baissés ; to cast one's eyes around the room/over a letter parcourir la pièce/une lettre des yeux ; to cast a glance over one's shoulder jeter un coup d'œil par-dessus son épaule ; to cast one's mind back over sth se remémorer qch ; if you cast your mind back to last week si tu te rappelles ce qui s'est passé la semaine dernière ;3 Cin, Theat, TV distribuer les rôles de [play, film] ; she was cast in the role of ou as Blanche on lui a donn é le rôle de Blanche, elle a joué Blanche ;4 ( shed) se dépouiller de [leaves, feathers] ; the snake casts its skin le serpent mue ; the horse cast a shoe le cheval a perdu un fer ;5 Art, Tech couler [plaster] ; couler, fondre [metal] ; statue cast in bronze statue coulée dans le bronze ;6 Pol to cast one's vote voter ;7 Astrol to cast sb's horoscope faire l'horoscope de qn.■ cast about GB, cast around:▶ cast about for chercher [excuse, remark].■ cast aside:▶ cast aside [sth/sb], cast [sth/sb] aside rejeter [object] ; se défaire de [anxieties, doubts, inhibitions] ; répudier, rejeter [spouse, lover].■ cast away:▶ cast away [sth], cast [sth] away mettre [qch] au rebut [old clothes, objects] ; se débarrasser de [cares, inhibitions] ; to be cast away ( shipwrecked) être naufragé.■ cast down:▶ cast down [sth], cast [sth] down■ cast off:▶ cast off1 Naut larguer les amarres ;2 ( in knitting) rabattre les mailles restantes ;▶ cast off [sth], cast [sth] off1 ( discard) ôter, enlever [garment] ; se libérer de [chains] ; abandonner, rejeter [lover, friend] ;2 Naut larguer les amarres de ;3 ( in knitting) rabattre [stitches].■ cast on:▶ cast on ( in knitting) monter les mailles ;▶ cast on [sth] monter [stitch].■ cast out:■ cast up:▶ cast up [sth], cast [sth] up1 [tide, sea] rejeter [body, flotsam] ;2 ( in air) lancer [qch] en l'air [ball] ; to cast one's eyes up (to heaven) lever les yeux au ciel ; to cast sth up at sb ressortir qch à qn [accusation, misdeed]. -
84 what
what [wɒt]qu'est-ce qui ⇒ 1 (a) que ⇒ 1 (a) qu'est-ce que ⇒ 1 (a) quoi ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (f) ce qui ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (f) ce que ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (f), 1 (g) comment ⇒ 1 (c) combien ⇒ 1 (e) quel ⇒ 2 (a), 31 pronoun(a) (in direct questions → as subject) qu'est-ce qui, que; (→ as object) (qu'est-ce) que, quoi; (→ after preposition) quoi;∎ what do you want? qu'est-ce que tu veux?, que veux-tu?;∎ what's happening? qu'est-ce qui se passe?, que se passe-t-il?;∎ what's new? quoi de neuf?;∎ what's that for? à quoi cela sert-il?, à quoi ça sert?;∎ what's the matter?, what is it? qu'est-ce qu'il y a?;∎ familiar what's it to you? qu'est-ce que ça peut te faire?;∎ what's that? qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?; (what did you say) quoi?;∎ what's that building? qu'est-ce que c'est que ce bâtiment?;∎ what's your phone number? quel est votre numéro de téléphone?;∎ what's her name? comment s'appelle-t-elle?;∎ what's the Spanish for "light"? comment dit-on "light" en espagnol?;∎ what's the boss like? comment est le patron?;∎ what is life without friends? que vaut la vie sans amis?;∎ familiar what's up with him? qu'est-ce qu'il a?□ ;∎ what did I tell you? (gen) qu'est-ce que je vous ai dit?; (I told you so) je vous l'avais bien dit!;∎ she must be, what, 50? elle doit avoir, quoi, 50 ans?;∎ Mum? - what? - can I go out? Maman? - quoi? - est-ce que je peux sortir?;∎ what are you thinking about? à quoi pensez-vous?;∎ what did he die of? de quoi est-il mort?;∎ what do you take me for? pour qui me prenez-vous?;∎ what could be more beautiful? quoi de plus beau?;∎ tell us what happened dites-nous ce qui s'est passé;∎ I wonder what she was thinking about! je me demande ce qui lui est passé par la tête!;∎ I asked what it was all about j'ai demandé de quoi il était question;∎ he didn't understand what I said il n'a pas compris ce que j'ai dit;∎ I don't know what to do je ne sais pas quoi faire;∎ I don't know what to do to help him je ne sais pas quoi faire pour l'aider;∎ I don't know what that building is je ne sais pas ce qu'est ce bâtiment(c) (asking someone to repeat something) comment;∎ what's that? qu'est-ce que tu dis?;∎ they bought what? quoi, qu'est-ce qu'ils ont acheté?(d) (expressing surprise) quoi;∎ what, another new dress? quoi, encore une nouvelle robe?;∎ what, no coffee! comment ou quoi? pas de café?;∎ he's going into the circus - what! il va travailler dans un cirque - quoi?;∎ I found $350 - you what! j'ai trouvé 350 dollars - quoi?;∎ I told her to leave - you did what! je lui ai dit de partir - tu lui as dit quoi?∎ what's 17 minus 4? combien ou que fait 17 moins 4?;∎ what does it cost? combien est-ce que ça coûte?;∎ what do I owe you? combien vous dois-je?;∎ do you know what he was asking for it? savez-vous combien il en demandait?∎ what you need is a hot bath ce qu'il vous faut, c'est un bon bain chaud;∎ they spent what amounted to a week's salary ils ont dépensé l'équivalent d'une semaine de salaire;∎ she has what it takes to succeed elle a ce qu'il faut pour réussir;∎ that's what life is all about! c'est ça la vie!;∎ education is not what it used to be l'enseignement n'est plus ce qu'il était;∎ what is most remarkable is that… ce qu'il y a de plus remarquable c'est que…;∎ it was pretty much what we expected c'était plus ou moins ce qu'on avait imaginé;∎ what's done cannot be undone ce qui est fait est fait;∎ and what is worse… et ce qui est pire…(g) (whatever, everything that)∎ they rescued what they could ils ont sauvé ce qu'ils ont pu;∎ say what you will vous pouvez dire ou vous direz tout ce que vous voudrez;∎ say what you will, I don't believe you racontez tout ce que vous voulez, je ne vous crois pas;∎ come what may advienne que pourra∎ an interesting book, what? un livre intéressant, n'est-ce pas ou pas vrai?∎ I'll tell you what… écoute!;∎ you know what…? tu sais quoi…?;∎ I know what j'ai une idée;∎ you'll never guess what tu ne devineras jamais (quoi);∎ familiar documents, reports and what have you or and what not des documents, des rapports et je ne sais quoi encore□ ;∎ familiar and I don't know what et que sais-je encore□ ;∎ familiar and God knows what et Dieu sait quoi;∎ have you got a flat, rooms or what? vous avez un appartement, une chambre ou quoi?;∎ look, do you want to come or what? alors, tu veux venir ou quoi?;∎ a trip to Turkey? - what next! un voyage en Turquie? - et puis quoi encore!;∎ what have we here? mais que vois-je?;∎ what then? et après?;∎ old-fashioned what ho! eh! ho!; (as greeting) salut!;∎ familiar we need to find out what's what il faut qu'on sache où en sont les choses;∎ familiar she told me what was what elle m'a mis au courant;∎ familiar they know what's what in art ils s'y connaissent en art□ ;∎ familiar I'll show him what's what! je vais lui montrer de quel bois je me chauffe!∎ what books did you buy? quels livres avez-vous achetés?;∎ what colour/size is it? de quelle couleur/taille c'est?;∎ (at) what time will you be arriving? à quelle heure arriverez-vous?;∎ what day is it? quel jour sommes-nous?;∎ what good or use is this? à quoi ça sert?(b) (as many as, as much as)∎ I gave her what money I had je lui ai donné le peu d'argent que j'avais;∎ he gathered what strength he had il a rassemblé le peu de forces qui lui restaient;∎ what time we had left was spent (in) packing on a passé le peu de temps qui nous restait à faire les valises;∎ they stole what little money she had ils lui ont volé le peu d'argent qu'elle avait;∎ I gave her what comfort I could je l'ai consolée autant que j'ai pu∎ (expressing an opinion or a reaction) what a suggestion! quelle idée!;∎ what a strange thing! comme c'est bizarre!;∎ what a pity! comme c'est ou quel dommage!;∎ what an idiot he is! comme il est bête!, qu'il est bête!;∎ what lovely children you have! quels charmants enfants vous avez!;∎ what a lot of people! que de gens!, que de monde!;∎ you can't imagine what a time we had getting here vous ne pouvez pas vous imaginer le mal qu'on a eu à venir jusqu'ici4 adverb∎ (in rhetorical questions) what do I care? qu'est-ce que ça peut me faire?;∎ what does it matter? qu'est-ce que ça peut faire?;∎ well, what of it? et bien?, et après?∎ what about lunch? et si on déjeunait?;∎ when shall we go? - what about Monday? quand est-ce qu'on y va? - (et si on disait) lundi?;∎ what about your promise? - what about my promise? et ta promesse? - ben quoi, ma promesse?;∎ familiar what about it? et alors?;∎ do you remember Lauryn? - what about her? tu te souviens de Lauryn? - oui, et alors?;∎ and what about you? et vous donc?(why) pourquoi?;∎ what did you say that for? pourquoi as-tu dit cela?;∎ I'm leaving town - what for? je quitte la ville - pourquoi?∎ what if we went to the beach? et si on allait à la plage?;∎ he won't come - and what if he doesn't? (supposing) il ne va pas venir - et alors?∎ what with work and the children I don't get much sleep entre le travail et les enfants, je ne dors pas beaucoup;∎ what with paying for dinner and the cab he was left with no cash après avoir payé le dîner et le taxi, il n'avait plus d'argent;∎ what with one thing and another I never got there pour un tas de raisons je n'y suis jamais allé -
85 предметный
-
86 silueta
f.1 figure (cuerpo).2 outline (contorno).3 silhouette (dibujo).pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: siluetar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: siluetar.* * *1 (contorno) silhouette2 (figura) figure, shape* * *SF1) (=contorno) silhouettese adivinaba una silueta detrás de la cortina — you could make out a silhouette o figure behind the curtain
la silueta del castillo se recortaba sobre el horizonte — the castle was silhouetted against the horizon
2) (=tipo) figure3) (Arte) silhouette, outline drawing* * *a) ( cuerpo) figureb) ( contorno) silhouetteen el horizonte se recortaba la silueta de un velero — a sailing boat was silhouetted against the horizon
c) (Art) silhouette* * *= silhouette.Ex. When an object passes under the scanner it makes the beams diverge, and this shows up as a dark silhouette on a light background.* * *a) ( cuerpo) figureb) ( contorno) silhouetteen el horizonte se recortaba la silueta de un velero — a sailing boat was silhouetted against the horizon
c) (Art) silhouette* * *= silhouette.Ex: When an object passes under the scanner it makes the beams diverge, and this shows up as a dark silhouette on a light background.
* * *1 (cuerpo) figuretenía una silueta perfecta she had a perfect figure2 (contorno) silhouettevio la silueta de un hombre armado she saw the silhouette of an armed manen el horizonte se recortaba la silueta de un velero a sailing boat was silhouetted against the horizonle pareció distinguir una silueta en la oscuridad she thought she saw a figure in the darkness3 ( Art) silhouette* * *
silueta sustantivo femenino
silueta sustantivo femenino
1 (contorno, perfil) silhouette
2 (tipo, cuerpo) figure
' silueta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
distancia
- estrellada
- estrellado
- proyectar
- proyectarse
- sombra
- tenebrosa
- tenebroso
- neto
- perfil
- perfilar
English:
figure
- silhouette
* * *silueta nf1. [cuerpo] figure;esta falda realza la silueta this skirt shows off your figure2. [contorno] outline;se veía la silueta del castillo you could see the outline o silhouette of the castle3. [dibujo] silhouette* * *f1 silhouette2 ( cuerpo) figure* * *silueta nf1) : silhouette2) : figure, shape* * * -
87 nature
noun1) Natur, die2) (essential qualities) Beschaffenheit, diethings of this nature — derartiges; Dinge dieser Art
it's in the nature of a command — es hat Befehlscharakter
be of or have a placid nature — eine ruhige Art haben
it is not in her nature to lie — es ist nicht ihre Art zu lügen
it's only human nature to... — es ist nur menschlich,... zu...
* * *['nei ə]1) (the physical world, eg trees, plants, animals, mountains, rivers etc, or the power which made them: the beauty of nature; the forces of nature; the study of nature.) die Natur2) (the qualities born in a person; personality: She has a generous nature.) die Natur4) (a kind, type etc: bankers and other people of that nature.) die Art•- academic.ru/49186/-natured">-natured- in the nature of* * *na·ture[ˈneɪtʃəʳ, AM -ɚ]to get [or go] back to \nature zu einer natürlichen Lebensweise zurückkehrenin \nature in der Naturto let \nature [or allow \nature to] take its course der Natur ihren Lauf lassenthe laws of \nature die Gesetze der Naturwhat is the \nature of your problem? worum handelt es sich bei Ihrem Problem?it's the \nature of linen to crumple easily Leinen knittert von Natur aus leichtI have a problem of a rather delicate \nature ich habe da ein ziemlich heikles Problemthe \nature of a crime/an event/the punishment die Art eines Verbrechens/Ereignisses/einer Strafethings of this \nature Dinge dieser Artit's in the \nature of things das liegt in der Natur der Sacheby \nature von Natur aussb's better \nature das Gute in jdmto be in sb's \nature jds Art seinit's not really in her \nature to be aggressive es ist eigentlich nicht ihre Art, aggressiv zu sein4.▶ it's the \nature of the beast das liegt in der Natur der Sache\nature's calling die Natur ruft* * *['neɪtʃə(r)]n1) Natur fagainst nature —
in a state of nature ( = uncivilized inf : = naked ) to return to nature (person) (garden) —, inf : = naked ) im Naturzustand to return to nature (person) zur Natur zurückkehren (garden) in den Naturzustand zurückkehren
nature calls (euph) — ich muss mal (inf)
it is not in my nature to say things like that — es entspricht nicht meiner Art or meinem Wesen, so etwas zu sagen
it is in the nature of young people to want to travel — es liegt im Wesen junger Menschen, reisen zu wollen
cautious by nature — von Natur aus vorsichtig
the nature of the case is such... — der Fall liegt so...
cash is, by its (very) nature, easy to steal — Geld ist aufgrund seiner Beschaffenheit leicht zu stehlen
something in the nature of an apology — so etwas wie eine Entschuldigung
... or something of that nature —... oder etwas in der Art
* * *nature [ˈneıtʃə(r)] s1. allg Natur f:a) Schöpfung f, Weltall nc) natürliche Landschaft:the beauty of nature die Schönheit der Naturd) Naturzustand m:back to nature zurück zur Natur;e) Konstitution f (des Menschen etc):f) Wirklichkeit f:2. Natur f:a) Charakter m, (Eigen)Art f, Wesen n, Veranlagung f:by nature von Natur (aus);b) (Gemüts)Art f, Naturell n, Wesen n:of good nature gutherzig, -mütigc) koll natürliche Triebe pl oder Instinkte pl3. Art f, Sorte f:he’s an engineer or sth of that nature er ist Ingenieur od so etwas Ähnliches;things of this nature Dinge dieser Art;of a business nature geschäftlicher Art;of a grave nature ernster Natur;it is in the nature of things es liegt in der Natur der Sache4. (natürliche) Beschaffenheit:* * *noun1) Natur, die2) (essential qualities) Beschaffenheit, die3) (kind, sort) Art, diethings of this nature — derartiges; Dinge dieser Art
be of or have a placid nature — eine ruhige Art haben
it's only human nature to... — es ist nur menschlich,... zu...
* * *n.Beschaffenheit f.Charakter m.Natur -en f.Natur -en m. -
88 subject
1. noun1) (citizen) Staatsbürger, der/-bürgerin, die; (in relation to monarch) Untertan, der/Untertanin, die2) (topic) Thema, das; (department of study) Fach, das; (area of knowledge) Fach[gebiet], das; (Art) Motiv, das; (Mus.) Thema, dason the subject of money — über das Thema Geld [reden usw.]; beim Thema Geld [sein, bleiben]
3)be a subject for something — (cause something) zu etwas Anlass geben
4) (Ling., Logic, Philos.) Subjekt, das2. adjective1) (conditional)be subject to something — von etwas abhängig sein od. abhängen
2) (prone)be subject to — anfällig sein für [Krankheit]; neigen zu [Melancholie]
3) (dependent) abhängig3. adverb 4. transitive verbsubject to — (dependent on) untertan (+ Dat.) [König usw.]; unterworfen (+ Dat.) [Verfassung, Gesetz, Krone]; untergeben (+ Dat.) [Dienstherrn]
1) (subjugate, make submissive) unterwerfen (to Dat.)2) (expose)subject somebody/something to something — jemanden/etwas einer Sache (Dat.) aussetzen
* * *1. adjective 2. noun1) (a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.) der/die Untertan(in)2) (someone or something that is talked about, written about etc: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.) der Gegenstad3) (a branch of study or learning in school, university etc: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.) das Fach4) (a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.) der Gegenstand5) (in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.) das Subjekt3. [səb'‹ekt] verb1) (to bring (a person, country etc) under control: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).) unterwerfen2) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) aussetzen•- academic.ru/71616/subjection">subjection- subjective
- subjectively
- subject matter
- change the subject
- subject to* * *sub·jectI. n[ˈsʌbʤɪkt, -ʤekt]▪ on the \subject of sb/sth über jdn/etwwhile we're on the \subject wo wir gerade beim Thema sindthe planes have been the \subject of their concern die Flugzeuge waren Gegenstand ihrer Befürchtungenthe guest lecturer took as her \subject ‘imprisonment in modern society’ die Gastsprecherin hatte ‚die Freiheitsstrafe in der modernen Gesellschaft‘ zu ihrem Thema gewählt\subject of debate [or discussion] Diskussionsthema ntthe plan has been the \subject of debate recently über den Plan wurde vor Kurzem diskutiertto change the \subject das Thema wechselnto wander off the \subject vom Thema abschweifen3. (field) Fach nt; (at school) [Schul]fach nt; (specific research area) Spezialgebiet nt, Fachgebiet nthe's better at arts \subjects than science in den künstlerischen Fächern ist er besser als in den naturwissenschaftlichenher \subject is low-temperature physics sie hat sich auf Kältephysik spezialisiertII. adj[ˈsʌbʤɪkt]these flights are \subject to delay bei diesen Flügen muss mit Verspätung gerechnet werdenthe goods are \subject to a 20% discount die Waren sind um 20 % herabgesetztto be \subject to colds sich akk leicht erkältento be \subject to many dangers vielen Gefahren ausgesetzt seinto be \subject to depression zu Depressionen neigento be \subject to a high rate of tax einer hohen Steuer unterliegen3. (contingent on)to be \subject to approval genehmigungspflichtig sein\subject to payment vorbehaltlich einer Zahlung, unter dem Vorbehalt einer ZahlungIII. adv[ˈsʌbʤɪkt]▪ \subject to wennwe plan to go on Wednesday \subject to your approval wir haben vor, am Mittwoch zu gehen, wenn du nichts dagegen hast\subject to your consent vorbehaltlich Ihrer ZustimmungIV. vt[səbˈʤekt]1. (subjugate)▪ to be \subjected to sb/sth jdm/etw ausgesetzt [o unterworfen] seineveryone interviewed had been \subjected to unfair treatment alle Interviewten waren unfair behandelt wordento \subject sb/sth to criticism jdn/etw kritisierento \subject sb to a lie-detector test jdn einem Lügendetektortest unterziehento \subject sb to torture jdn foltern* * *['sʌbdZɪkt]1. nthe subject of the picture is... — das Thema or Sujet (geh)
he paints urban subjects — er malt städtische Motive
on the subject of... — zum Thema (+gen)...
while we're on the subject — da wir gerade beim Thema sind
while we're on the subject of mushrooms — wo wir gerade von Pilzen reden, apropos Pilze
that's off the subject — das gehört nicht zum Thema
6) (= object) Gegenstand m (of +gen in experiment, = person) Versuchsperson f, Versuchsobjekt nt; (= animal) Versuchstier nt, Versuchsobjekt nt; (ESP MED, for treatment) Typ mhe is the subject of much criticism — er wird stark kritisiert, er ist Gegenstand häufiger Kritik
he's a good subject for treatment by hypnosis — er lässt sich gut hypnotisch behandeln
2. adj1) (= conquered) unterworfen2)provinces subject to foreign rule — Provinzen pl unter Fremdherrschaft
to be subject to sth (to law, constant change, sb's will) — einer Sache (dat) unterworfen sein; to illness für etw anfällig sein; to consent, approval von etw abhängig sein
northbound trains are subject to delays — bei Zügen in Richtung Norden muss mit Verspätung gerechnet werden
prices/opening times are subject to change or alteration without notice — Preisänderungen/Änderungen der Öffnungszeiten sind vorbehalten
all these plans are subject to last minute changes — all diese Pläne können in letzter Minute noch geändert werden
all offers are subject to availability — alle Angebote nur so weit verfügbar
subject to confirmation in writing — vorausgesetzt, es wird schriftlich bestätigt
3. vt[səb'dZekt]1) (= subjugate) unterwerfen; terrorists, guerrillas zerschlagen2)to subject sb to sth (to questioning, analysis, treatment) — jdn einer Sache (dat) unterziehen; to test also jdn einer Sache (dat) unterwerfen; to torture, suffering, heat, ridicule, criticism jdn einer Sache (dat) aussetzen
to subject sb to criticism — jdn unter Kritik nehmen, jdn kritisieren
4. vr[səb'dZekt]to subject oneself to sth (to insults, suffering) — etw hinnehmen; (to criticism, ridicule) sich einer Sache (dat) aussetzen; (to examination, test, questioning) sich einer Sache (dat) unterziehen
* * *subject [ˈsʌbdʒıkt]A s1. (Gesprächs- etc) Gegenstand m, Thema n, Stoff m:a subject for debate ein Diskussionsthema;change the subject das Thema wechseln, von etwas anderem reden;don’t change the subject lenk nicht ab!;a) über (akk), bezüglich (gen),2. SCHULE, UNIV (Lehr-, Schul-, Studien)Fach n, Fachgebiet n:cooking has never been her subject Kochen war noch nie ihr Fachfor complaint zur Beschwerde)4. Gegenstand m, Objekt n:the subject of ridicule der Gegenstand des Spottes5. MUS Thema n (einer Fuge)6. KUNST Vorwurf m, Thema n, Sujet n7. a) Untertan(in)b) Staatsbürger(in), -angehörige(r) m/f(m):he is a British subject er hat oder besitzt die britische Staatsangehörigkeit8. LING Subjekt n, Satzgegenstand m9. MED etca) (Versuchs)Objekt nb) Versuchsperson f oder -tier nc) Leichnam m (für Sektionszwecke)d) Patient(in)12. PHILa) Substanz fb) Subjekt n, Ich n:subject and object Subjekt und Objekt, Ich und Nicht-IchB adj1. untertan, untergeben ( beide:to dat)2. abhängig (to von) (Staat etc)3. ausgesetzt (to dat):be subject to the approval of (erst noch) genehmigt werden müssen von;“subject to change” „Änderungen vorbehalten“;“subject to change without notice” WIRTSCH „freibleibend“;subject to consent vorbehaltlich Ihrer Zustimmung;subject to duty zollpflichtig;subject to the laws of nature den Naturgesetzen unterworfen;“subject to prior sale” WIRTSCH „Zwischenverkauf vorbehalten“5. anfällig (to für):he’s subject to headaches er neigt zu KopfschmerzenC v/t [səbˈdʒekt]to dat):subject sb to a test jemanden einer Prüfung unterziehen;subject o.s. to ridicule sich dem Gespött aussetzen* * *1. noun1) (citizen) Staatsbürger, der/-bürgerin, die; (in relation to monarch) Untertan, der/Untertanin, die2) (topic) Thema, das; (department of study) Fach, das; (area of knowledge) Fach[gebiet], das; (Art) Motiv, das; (Mus.) Thema, dason the subject of money — über das Thema Geld [reden usw.]; beim Thema Geld [sein, bleiben]
3)be a subject for something — (cause something) zu etwas Anlass geben
4) (Ling., Logic, Philos.) Subjekt, das2. adjective1) (conditional)be subject to something — von etwas abhängig sein od. abhängen
2) (prone)be subject to — anfällig sein für [Krankheit]; neigen zu [Melancholie]
3) (dependent) abhängig3. adverb 4. transitive verbsubject to — (dependent on) untertan (+ Dat.) [König usw.]; unterworfen (+ Dat.) [Verfassung, Gesetz, Krone]; untergeben (+ Dat.) [Dienstherrn]
1) (subjugate, make submissive) unterwerfen (to Dat.)2) (expose)subject somebody/something to something — jemanden/etwas einer Sache (Dat.) aussetzen
* * *(grammar) n.Satzgegenstand f. (one who is submitted to a higher authority) n.Untertan -en m. (school) n.Schulfach n. n.Fach ¨-er n.Fragenkomplex m.Gegenstand m.Lehrfach -¨er n.Subjekt -e n.Thema Themen n. v.unterwerfen v. -
89 blanco
adj.white.m.1 target, bulls-eye, bull's-eye, bull's-eye of target.2 white, white color, white colour.3 white person, white man.4 blank.5 target, aim, objective, goal.6 Blanco.* * *► adjetivo1 white2 (complexión) fair-skinned■ tiene la piel muy blanca she has very fair skin, she's very fair-skinned► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (color) white2 (objetivo) target, mark3 figurado object4 (hueco) blank, gap; (en escrito) blank space5 (vino) white wine\dar en el blanco to hit the mark 2 figurado to hit the nail on the headblanco y negro black and whiteen blanco blankmás blanco,-a que la nieve as white as snowno tener ni blanca to be flat brokepasar la noche en blanco to have a sleepless nightblanco de España whitingblanco del ojo white of the eye————————1 (color) white2 (objetivo) target, mark3 figurado object4 (hueco) blank, gap; (en escrito) blank space5 (vino) white wine* * *1. noun m.1) white2) blank3) target2. (f. - blanca)adj.* * *blanco, -a1. ADJ1) (=de color blanco) white2) [raza] white3) (=pálido) [cara, cutis] fair4) (Literat) [verso] blank2.SM / F (=persona) white man/womanel ladrón era un blanco, fuerte, de 1,80 — the thief was white, heavily built, 6ft tall
trata•
los blancos — white people3. SM1) (=color) white•
calentar algo al blanco — to heat sth till it is white-hot•
de blanco, casarse de blanco — to get married in white, have a white weddingcarpintero 1), punta 1., 2)blanco y negro — (Culin) iced coffee with cream
2) (=parte blanca)blanco del huevo — white of the egg, egg white
3) (=blancura) whiteness4) (=objetivo) target•
dar en el blanco — (lit) to hit the targettus críticas han dado en el blanco — your criticisms were right on target o were spot on
has dado en el blanco escogiendo esta carrera — you did exactly the right thing in choosing that degree course
ese comentario tuyo dio en el blanco, por eso dolió tanto — that remark of yours hit home, that's why it hurt so much
•
hacer blanco — to hit the targetla prensa la hizo blanco de sus críticas — the press singled her out for criticism, she was the target of attacks by the press
tiro 1)la modelo fue el blanco de todas las miradas — the model was the centre of attention, all eyes were on the model
5) (=espacio sin escribir) blank, blank (space)6)• en blanco — blank
•
dejar algo en blanco — to leave sth blankhe dejado el examen en blanco — I left the exam paper blank, I didn't write anything on the exam paper
dejé varias preguntas en blanco en el examen — there were several questions I didn't answer in the exam
•
votar en blanco — to return a blank ballot paperquedarse en blanco —
no pude contestar porque se me quedó la mente en blanco — I couldn't answer because my mind went blank
7) (=pausa) gap, breakhay varios blancos entre las clases — there are several gaps o breaks between classes
8) (=mancha blanca) [pequeña] white spot; [más grande] white patch9) Puerto Rico (=formulario) blank, blank form10)blancalos Blancos — Uru (Pol) political party
* * *I- ca adjetivo1)a) <color/vestido/pelo> whiteen blanco: entregó el examen en blanco she handed in a blank exam (paper); rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blanks; voté en blanco I returned a blank ballot (AmE), I left my voting paper blank (BrE); quedarse en blanco or quedársele a alguien la mente en blanco: me quedé en blanco or se me quedó la mente en blanco — my mind went blank
b) ( pálido) [ser] fair-skinned, pale-skinned; [estar] whiteestoy muy blanco — I'm very white o pale
2) <persona/raza> whiteII- ca masculino, femenino white personIII1) ( color) whitedar en el blanco — ( literal) to hit the target; ( acertar)
diste en el blanco con ese regalo — you were right on (AmE) o (BrE) spot-on with that present (colloq)
3) ( vino) white (wine)* * *I- ca adjetivo1)a) <color/vestido/pelo> whiteen blanco: entregó el examen en blanco she handed in a blank exam (paper); rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blanks; voté en blanco I returned a blank ballot (AmE), I left my voting paper blank (BrE); quedarse en blanco or quedársele a alguien la mente en blanco: me quedé en blanco or se me quedó la mente en blanco — my mind went blank
b) ( pálido) [ser] fair-skinned, pale-skinned; [estar] whiteestoy muy blanco — I'm very white o pale
2) <persona/raza> whiteII- ca masculino, femenino white personIII1) ( color) whitedar en el blanco — ( literal) to hit the target; ( acertar)
diste en el blanco con ese regalo — you were right on (AmE) o (BrE) spot-on with that present (colloq)
3) ( vino) white (wine)* * *blanco11 = target, butt, bull's eye.Ex: Paid employees can have targets set for them and their prospects may well depend upon their meeting these targets.
Ex: The author discusses art critic Harry Quilter, usually remembered today as 'Arry,' the butt of merciless lampooning by J.M. Whistler.Ex: It has been dubbed the ' Bull's-Eye' due to its five layers, represented as concentric circles.* blanco de las bromas, el = butt of jokes, the.* blanco en movimiento = moving target.* blanco fácil = ripe target, sitting duck.* blanco móvil = moving target.* blanco perfecto = sitting duck.* blanco seguro = sitting duck.* conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = grab + the limelight.* conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.* dar en el blanco = hit + the bull's eye, strike + home, put + Posesivo + finger on, hit + the truth, hit + home.* en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.* expresión en blanco = blank look.* justo en el blanco = dead on target.* ser el blanco de = be a pushover for.* ser el blanco de las críticas = come under + fire.blanco22 = white, Caucasian.Nota: Persona de raza blanca.Ex: In 1971 Sanford Berman demonstrated the subject heading list's bias toward an American/Western-European, Christian, white, male point-of-view.
Ex: Although Hawaii's journalists are more ethnically diverse than US journalists, there are proportionately more Caucasian journalists than Caucasians in the Hawaii population.* armario de la ropa blanca = linen cupboard.* atinar en el blanco = hit + the bull's eye.* blanco protestante anglosajón americano = WASP.* contacto con los blancos = white contact.* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.* escoria social de raza blanca = white trash.* hombre blanco = white man [white men, -pl.].* huida blanca = white flight.* persona de raza blanca = white.* supremacía de los blancos = white supremacism, white supremacy.blanco33 = white [whiter -comp., whitest -sup.].Ex: When appropriate, give 'col.' for multicoloured objects, or name the colour(s) of the object if it is in one or two colours, or give 'b&w' for black and white objects; e.g., 1 bowl: porcelain, blue and white.
* águila de cabeza blanca = bald eagle.* armario de la ropa blanca = linen closet.* bandera blanca = white flag.* blanco como la nieve = snow-white.* blanco del ojo = white of + Posesivo + eye.* blanco hueso = off-white.* blanco roto = off-white.* blanco y negro = black & white.* caballero blanco = white knight, knight in shining armour.* carne blanca = white meat.* carta blanca = carte blanche, blank cheque [blank check, -USA].* Casa Blanca, la = White House, the.* cheque en blanco = blank cheque [blank check, -USA].* ciervo de cola blanca = white-tailed deer.* con la mirada en blanco = blankly.* darle a Alguien carta blanca = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.* darle a Alguien un cheque en blanco = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.* dejar en blanco = leave + blank.* demonio blanco = white devil.* de piel blanca = white-skinned.* de punta en blanco = dressed (up) to the nines, spic(k)-and-span.* elefante blanco = white elephant.* enarbolar la bandera blanca = raise + the white flag.* en blanco = blankly, blank.* en blanco y negro = b&w (black and white).* espacio en blanco = blank, blank space.* espacio en blanco final = trailing blank.* espacio en blanco inicial = beginning blank.* espino blanco = whitethorn.* estar sin blanca = not have a bean.* expresión en blanco = blank expression.* fósforo blanco = white phosphorous.* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.* herida de arma blanca = stab wound.* Libro Blanco = White Paper.* mente + quedarse en blanco = mind + go blank.* mostaza blanca = white mustard.* negro sobre fondo blanco = black on white.* noche en blanco = sleepless night.* personas de piel blanca, las = fair skinned, the.* pescado blanco = whitefish.* pino blanco = white pine.* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.* quedarse en blanco = go + blank, mind + go blank.* ropa blanca = whites.* sin blanca = broke, penniless, skint.* sustancia blanca = white matter.* tener carta blanca = have + carte-blanche.* tiburón blanco = white shark.* trébol blanco = white clover.* vestirse de punta en blanco = tog out, tog up.blanco44 = white paper.Nota: En imprenta, cara de un pliego que se imprime primero antes de imprimir la segunda cara o "reiteración".Ex: The reiteration was then printed off in much the same way as the white paper, this time in reverse order of sheets.
* * *A1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ‹color/vestido/pelo› whiteen blanco: entregó el examen en blanco she handed in a blank exam (paper)rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blanksdeja este espacio en blanco do not write anything in this space, leave this space blankno distingue/distinguen lo blanco de lo negro ( fam); he doesn't have/they don't have a clue ( colloq), he doesn't/they don't know left from right ( colloq)poner los ojos en blanco to roll one's eyesquedarse en blancoor quedársele a algn la mente en blanco: me quedé en blancoor se me quedó la mente en blanco my mind went blank2 (pálido) [ SER] fair-skinned, pale-skinned [ ESTAR] whiteten cuidado con el sol, eres muy blanco be careful of the sun, you're very fair-skinnedestoy muy blanco I'm very white o paleB ‹hombre/mujer/raza› whitemasculine, femininewhite personA (color) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] whiteel blanco es un color muy sucio white shows the dirtde un blanco luminoso dazzling whitefotos en blanco y negro black and white photosCompuestos:whitingwhite of the eyeno parecerse ni en el blanco de los ojos or del ojo ( fam); to be like night and day ( AmE colloq), to be like chalk and cheese ( BrE colloq)iced coffee with creamtirar al blanco to shoot at the targetfue el blanco de todas las miradas everyone was looking at herse ha convertido en el blanco de todas las críticas he has become the target for all the criticismdar en el blanco (literal) to hit the target(acertar): ¿te has peleado con Ana? — has dado en el blanco have you had a fight with Ana? — you're dead right, I havediste en el blanco con ese regalo you were right on ( AmE) o ( BrE) spot-on with that present ( colloq)C (vino) white, white wine* * *
blanco 1◊ -ca adjetivo
1
rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blanks;
me quedé en blanco my mind went blank
[estar] white;◊ estoy muy blanco I'm very white o pale
2 ‹persona/raza› white
3 ‹ vino› white
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
white person
blanco 2 sustantivo masculino
1 ( color) white;
2 (Dep, Jueg) ( objeto) target;
( centro) bullseye;
dar en el blanco to hit the target/bullseye
3 ( vino) white (wine)
blanco,-a
I adjetivo
1 white
2 (pálido) fair
II m,f (hombre) white man
(mujer) white woman
los blancos, whites
LAm (patrón, cacique, sea blanco o no) landowner, powerful man
III sustantivo masculino
1 (color) white
2 (diana) target: es el blanco de todas las críticas, he's the target of all the criticism
dar en el blanco, to hit the target
fig (acertar con algo) to hit the nail on the head
3 (espacio sin imprimir) blank 4 blanco del ojo, white of the eye
♦ Locuciones: en blanco: dejó el examen en blanco, he left the exam blank
se quedó en blanco, her mind went blank
figurado pasar la noche en blanco, to have a sleepless night
' blanco' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
azúcar
- blanca
- cana
- cano
- canosa
- canoso
- diana
- entonces
- estar
- fotografía
- manzanilla
- mirlo
- narciso
- noche
- punta
- sucia
- sucio
- terrera
- terrero
- Tiro
- vino
- voto
- atinar
- cheque
- chocolate
- dar
- espacio
- glóbulo
- manjar
- mente
- pan
- papeleta
- pescado
- televisión
- tiro
English:
aim at
- angel food cake
- ashen
- black
- blank
- blood
- bread
- bull's-eye
- butt
- cottage cheese
- dappled
- deathly
- dress
- fill in
- gap
- hit
- mark
- milk-white
- monochrome
- nine
- object
- on
- or
- paper
- redneck
- rice
- rifle range
- riflery
- roll
- seal
- sheet
- shooting-match
- sleepless
- target
- target practice
- white
- white blood-cell
- wide
- butter
- fair
- haricot (bean)
- home
- lily
- miss
- pale
- pith
- poplar
- sitting
- sugar
* * *blanco, -a♦ adj1. [color] white;página/verso en blanco blank page/verse;votar en blanco to return a blank ballot paper;dejé cuatro respuestas en blanco I left four answers blank, I didn't answer four questions;se quedó con la mente en blanco his mind went blank;una noche en blanco [sin dormir] a sleepless night2. [pálido] white, pale;estás muy blanco you're so white;nunca se pone moreno porque es muy blanco he never tans because he's very fair-skinned;3. [raza] white♦ nm,f1. [persona] white;los blancos whites♦ nm1. [color] white;el blanco es mi color favorito white is my favourite colour;calentar algo al blanco to make sth white-hot;una televisión en blanco y negro a black-and-white television;filmado en blanco y negro filmed in black and white;prefiero el blanco y negro al color I prefer black-and-white to colourQuím blanco (de) España whiting;blanco del ojo white of the eye;blanco de la uña half-moon2. [diana, objetivo] target;[de miradas] object;se convirtió en el blanco de la crítica he became the target of criticism;dar en el blanco to hit the target;Fig to hit the nail on the head;la campaña publicitaria dio en el blanco the advertising campaign struck a chord;has dado en el blanco con tu último artículo your last article was spot-onblanco fácil sitting duck;blanco móvil moving target3. [espacio vacío] blank (space);ha dejado muchos blancos en el examen she left a lot of things blank in the exam4. [vino] white (wine)* * *I adj1 white;no distinguir lo blanco de lo negro not know what’s what;ponerse oquedarse blanco go whiteme quedé en blanco, me quedé con la mente en blanco my mind went blank;pasar la noche en blanco have a sleepless night3:arma blanca knifeII m1 persona white2 ( diana), figtarget;dar en el blanco hit the nail on the head;errar el blanco miss the target;hacer blanco hit the target;ser el blanco de todas las miradas be the center o Br centre of attention* * *blanco, -ca adj: whiteblanco, -ca n: white personblanco nm1) : white2) : target, bull's-eyedar en el blanco: to hit the target, to hit the nail on the head3) : blank space, blankun cheque en blanco: a blank check* * *blanco1 adj whiteblanco2 n3. (color) white4. (diana, objetivo) target -
90 कृत _kṛta
कृत p. p. [कृ-क्त]1 Done, performed, made, effected accomplished, manufactured &c.; (p. p. of कृ 8. U. q. v.) ते करान् संप्रयच्छन्तु सुवर्णं च कृताकृतम् Mb.3.255.17; दिव्याः प्रसन्ना विविधाः सुराः कृतसुरा अपि Rām.5.11.22; natural and manufactured wines.-2 Wounded, hurt; सिद्ध्येत ते कृतमनोभवधर्षितायाः Bhāg.3.23.11.-3 Acquired, bought (a kind of son); Mb.13.49.4.-4 Cultivated; अकृतं च कृतात्क्षेत्राद् गौरजाविकमेव च Ms.1.114.-5 Appointed (as a duty); सो$पि यत्नेन संरक्ष्यो धर्मो राजकृतश्च यः Y.2.186.-6 Relating to, referring to; पतनीयकृते क्षेपे Y.2.21.-तम् 1 Work, deed, action; कृतं न वेत्ति Pt.1.424; un- grateful; Ms.7.197.-2 Service, benefit.-3 Conse- quence, result.-4 Aim, object.-5 N. of that side of a die which is marked with four points; this is lucky; cf. Vāj.3.18.-6 N. of the first of the four Yugas of the world extending over 1728 years of men (see Ms.1.69 and Kull. thereon).-7 The number '4'.-8 A stake at a game.-9 Prize or booty gained in a battle.-1 An offering.-11 Magic sorcery.-Comp. -अकृत a. done and not done; i. e. done in part but not completed; कृताकृतस्यैव च काञ्चनस्य Bu. Ch.2.2; that which is done and that which is not done (Dvandva Comp.) मा त्वा ताप्तां कृताकृते Mbh. on P.II.2.29; कृताकृतप्रसङ्गि नित्यम्. (-तः) the Supreme Being.-अङ्क a.1 marked, branded; कठ्यां कृताङ्को निर्वास्यः Ms.8.281.-2 numbered. (ङ्कः) that side of a die which is marked with four points.-अञ्जलि a. folding the hands in supplication; प्रणम्य शिरसा देवं कृताञ्जलिरभाषत Bg.11.14,35; Ms.4.154.-अनुकर a. following another's example, subservient.-अनुसारः custom, usage.-अन्त a. bringing to an end, termi- nating.(-तः) 1 Yama, the god of death; कृतान्त आसीत्समरो देवानां सह दानवैः Bhāg.9.6.13; द्वितीयं कृतान्त- मिवाटन्तं व्याधमपश्यत् H.1.-2 fate, destiny; कृतान्त एव सौमित्रे द्रष्टव्यो मत्प्रवासने Rām.2.22.15; क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि न सहते संगमं नौ कृतान्तः Me.17.-3 a demonstrated con- clusion, dogma, a proved doctrine; दैवं पुरुषकारश्च कृतान्ते- नोपपद्यते Mb.12.153.5; यथा लौकिकेषु वैदिकेषु च कृतान्तेषु Mbh. on P.I.1.1,56; साङ्ख्ये कृतान्ते प्रोक्तानि Bg.18.13.-4 a sinful or inauspicious action.-5 an epithet of Saturn.-6 Saturday.-7 the inevitable result of former actions.-8 the second lunar mansion.-9 the number 'two'. ˚कुशल an astrologer; आधिराज्ये$भिषेको मे ब्राह्मणैः पतिना सह । कृतान्त- कुशलैरुक्तं तत्सर्वं वितथीकृतम् Rām.6.48.14. ˚जनकः the sun.-अन्नम् 1 cooked food. कृतान्नमुदकं स्त्रियः Ms.9.219;11.3.-2 digested food.-3 excrement.-अपराध a. guilty, offender, criminal.- अभय a. saved from fear or danger.-अभिषेक a. crowned, inaugurated. (-कः) a prince.-अभ्यास a. practised.-अयः the die called कृत marked with four points.-अर्थ a.1 having gained one's object, successful; एकः कृतार्थो भवते वीतशोकः Śwet. Up.2.14.-2 satisfied; happy, contented; वयं कृतार्था इत्यभिमन्यन्ति बालाः Muṇḍ.1.2.9; कृतः कृतार्थो$स्मि निबर्हितांहसा Śi.1.29; R.8.3; Ki.4.9; Ś.2.1; Pt.1.194.-3 clever.-4 that which has served its purpose (and hence in- capable of yielding any further sense or serving any other purpose); पुरुषे यागं श्रावयित्वा कृतार्थः शब्द एकस्य द्वयोर्बहूनां वा यागं न वारयति । ŚB. on MS.6.2.3. सकृत् कृत्वा कृतार्थः शब्दः न नियमः पौनःपुन्ये । ŚB. on MS.6.2.27; सा चाकाङ्क्षा एकेनापि कृतार्था भवतीत्युक्तम् । ŚB. on MS.11.1.13. (कृतार्थीकृ1 to render fruitful or successful; कृतार्थीकृत्य तं विप्रम् Ks.74.125.-2 to make good; कान्तं प्रत्युपचारतश्चतुरया कोपः कृतार्थीकृतः Amaru.15; so कृतार्थयति to make fruitful; Māl.3.6.)-अवधान a. careful, attentive.-अवधि a.1 fixed, appointed.-2 bounded, limited.-अवमर्ष a.1 effacing from recollection.-2 intolerant.-अवस्थ a.1 summoned, caused to be present; Ms.8.6.-2 fixed, settled.-अस्त्र a.1 armed.-2 trained in the science of arms or missiles; पित्रा संवर्धितो नित्यं कृतास्त्रः सांपरा- यिकः R.17.62.- अहक a. having performed the daily ceremonies.- आगम a. advanced, proficient, skilled. (-m.) the Supreme soul.-आगस् a. guilty, offending, criminal, sinful; अध्ने प्र शिरो जहि ब्रह्मजस्य कृतागसः Av.12.5.6; कृतागाः कौटिल्यो मुजग इव निर्याय नगरात् Mu.3.11.-आत्मन् a.1 having control over oneself, self-possessed, of a selfgoverned spirit; कृतात्मा ब्रह्मलोकमभिसंभवामि Ch. Up.8.13.1; कृतात्मानो वीतरागाः प्रशान्ताः Muṇḍ. Up.3.2.5; Rām.5.61.6; ऐहिष्ट तं कारयितुं कृतात्मा Bk.1.11.-2 purified in mind; magnanimous; तमरिघ्रं कृतात्मानं क्षिप्रं द्रक्ष्यसि राघवम् Rām.5.39.48.- आभरण a. adorned.-आयास a. labouring, suffering.- आलय a. one who has taken up his abode in any place; यत्र ते दयिता भार्या तनयाश्च कृतालयाः Rām. (-यः) a frog; dog ? M. W.-आवास a lodging.-आस्पद a.1 governed; ruled.-2 supporting, resting on.-3 residing in.-आहार a. having taken one's meals.-आह्वान a. challenged.-उत्साह a. diligent, making effort, striving.- उदक a. one who had performed his ablutions; Mb.3.-उद्वाह a.1 married.-2 practising penance by standing with up-lifted hands.-उपकार a.1 favoured, befriended, assisted; अज्ञातभर्तृव्यसना मुहूर्तं कृतोपकारेव रतिर्बभूव Ku.3.73.-2 friendly.-उपभोग a. used, enjoyed.-कर, -कारिन् a. Enjoining what is already known or done; कृतकरो हि विधिरनर्थकः स्यात् ŚB. on MS.1.5.58; कृतकरं शास्त्रमनर्थकं स्यात् ŚB. on MS.1.7.25; कृतकारि खलु शास्त्रं पर्जन्यवत् Mbh. on P.I.2.9.-कर्मन् a.1 one who has done his work; R.9.3.-2 skilful, clever. (-m.)1 the Supreme spirit.-2 a Saṁnyāsin.-काम a. one whose desires are fulfilled.-कार्य a.1 one who has done his work or obtained his object.-2 having no need of another's aid.-काल a.1 fixed or settled as to time.-2 who has waited a certain time. (-लः) appointed time; कृतशिल्पो$पि निवसेत्कृतकालं गुरोर्गृहे Y.2.184.-कृत्य, -क्रिय a.1 who has accomplished his object; Bg.15.2.-2 satisfied, contented; Śānti.3.19; Māl.4.3.-3 clever.-4 having done his duty; कृतकृत्यो विधिर्मन्ये न वर्धयति तस्य ताम् Śi.2.32.-क्रयः a purchaser.-क्रियः 1 one who has accomplished any act.-2 one who has fulfilled his duty.-3 one who has performed a religious cere- mony; Ms.5.99.-क्षण a.1 waiting impatiently for the exact moment; कृतक्षणाहं भद्रं ते गमनं प्रति राघव Rām.2.29.15; वयं सर्वे सोत्सुकाः कृतक्षणास्तिष्ठामः Pt.1.-2 one who has got an opportunity.-घ्न a.1 ungrateful; Ms.4.214;8.89.-2 defeating all previous measures.-चूडः a boy on whom the ceremony of tonsure has been performed; Ms.5.58,67; नृणामकृतचूडानां विशुद्धिर्नौशिकी स्मृता.-जन्मन् a. planted; Ku.5.6.-ज्ञ a.1 grateful; Ms.7.29,21; Y.1.38.-2 correct in conduct; कृतज्ञतामस्य वदन्ति सम्पदः Ki.(-ज्ञः) 1 a dog.-2 an epithet of Śiva.-तीर्थ a.1 one who has visited or frequented holy places.-2 one who studies with a professional teacher.-3 fertile in means or expedients.-4 a guide.-5 rendered accessible or easy; Ki.2.3.-दार a. married.-दासः a servant hired for a stated period, a hired servant.-दूषणम् spoiling what is done; उद्धतायाः पुनरुद्धनने न हि किञ्चित्कार्यमस्ति । केवलं कृतदूषणं भवेत् । ृŚB. on MS.12.2.16. (see कृतदूषा)-दूषा f. a blemish or vitiating factor for what is done; अकर्म वा कृतदूषा स्यात् MS.12.1.1. (कृतायाः दूषणम् ŚB).-धी a.1 prudent, considerate.-2 learned, educated, wise; पुत्रेभ्यः कृतवेदिनां कृतधियां येषां न भिन्ना वयम् Mu.5.2; Bg.2.54; Śi.2.79.-नामधेय a. named, called as; Ś6.-निर्णेजनः a penitent. -a. one who has performed penance; कृतनिर्णेजनांश्चैव न जुगुप्सेत कर्हिचित् Ms.11.189.-निश्चय a.1 resolute, resolved; युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः Bg.2.37.-2 confident, sure.-पुङ्ख a. skilled in archery.-पूर्व a. done formerly.-प्रतिकृतम् assault and counter-assault, attack and resistance; R.12.94.-प्रतिज्ञ a.1 one who has made an agreement or engagement.-2 one who has fulfilled his promise.-प्रयोजन a. one who has attained his object; Ks.13.158.-फल n. successful. (-लम्) result, consequence.-बुद्धि a.1 learned, educated, wise; विद्वत्सु कृतबुद्धयः (श्रेष्ठाः) Ms.1.97, 7.3.-2 a man of resolute character.-3 informed of one's duty.-ब्रह्मन् a. Ved. one who has per- formed his devotions; कृतब्रह्मा शूशुवद् रातहव्य इत् Rv.2. 25.1.-मङ्गल a. blessed, consecrated.-मति a. firm, resolute.-मन्यु a. indignant.-मालः, -लकः 1 a kind of cassia.-2 the spotted antelope.-मुख a. learned, clever, wise.-युगम् the first (golden) of the four ages.-रूप one who knows the customary rites (कृतकल्प); Rām.2.1.2.-लक्षण a.1 stamped, marked.-2 branded; ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिभिस्त्वेतास्त्यक्तव्याः कृत- लक्षणाः Ms.9.239.-3 excellent, amiable.-4 defined, dis- criminated.-वर्मन् m. N. of a warrior on the side of the Kauravas who with Kṛipa and Aśvatthāman survived the general havoc of the great Bhārata war. He was afterwards slain by Sātyaki.-वापः a penitent who has shaven his head and chin; Ms.11.18.-विद् a. grateful; तस्यापवर्ग्यशरणं तव पादमूलं विस्मर्यते कृतविदा कथमार्तबन्धो Bhāg.4.9.8.-विद्य a. learned, educated; शूरो$सि कृत- विद्यो$सि Pt.4.43; सुवर्णपुष्पितां पृथ्वीं विचिन्वन्ति त्रयो जनाः । शूरश्च कृतविद्यश्च यश्च जानाति सेवितुम् ॥ Pt.1.45.-वीर्य a. being strong or powerful; Av.17.1.27. (-र्यः) N. of the father of Sahasrārjuna.-वेतन a. hired, paid (as a servant); प्रमादमृतनष्टांश्च प्रदाप्यः कृतवेतनः Y.2.164.-वेदिन् a.1 grateful; न तथा कृतवेदिनां करिष्यन्प्रियतामेति यथा कृता- वदानः Ki.13.32; see कृतज्ञ.-2 observant of propriety.-वेश a. attired, decorated; गतवति कृतवेशे केशवे कुञ्जशय्याम् Gīt.11.-व्यावृत्ति a. dislodged or dismissed from office, set aside; Ku.2.27.-शिल्प a. skilled in art or trade; कृतशिल्पो$पि निवसेत्कृतकालं गुरोर्गृहे Y.2.184.-शोभ a.1 splendid.-2 beautiful.-3 handy, dexterous.-शौच a. purified; पुण़्डरीकमवाप्नोति कृतशौचो भवेच्च सः Mb.3.83.21.-श्मश्रुः one who is shaven; न हि कृतश्मश्रुः पुनः श्मश्रूणि कार- यति Mbh. on P.I.2.9.-श्रमः, -परिश्रमः one who has studied; कृतपरिश्रमो$स्मि ज्योतिःशास्त्रे Mu.1; I have devoted my time to (spent my labours on) the science of astro- nomy.-संकल्प a. resolved, determined.-संकेत a. making an appointment; नामसमेतं कृतसंकेतं वादयते मृदु वेणुम् Gīt.5.-संज्ञ a.1 having presence of mind... स्थापयेद् दासान् कृत- संज्ञान् समन्ततः Ms.-2 restored to consciousness or senses.-3 aroused.-4 one to whom sign has been given; Rāj. T.4.221.-संनाह a. clad in armour, accoutred.-संस्कार a.1 one who has performed all purificatory rites, ini- tiated; वैश्यस्तु कृतसंस्कारः Ms.9.326; R.1.78.-2 Pre- pared, adorned.-सापत्निका, -सापत्नी, सापत्नीका, -सापत्नका, सपत्निका a woman whose husband has mar- ried another wife, a married woman having a co-wife or a superseded wife.-हस्त, -हस्तक a.1 dexterous, clever, skilful, handy.-2 skilled in archery.-हस्तता 1 skill, dexterity;... संनिपाते । सुमहति कृतहस्ताः सैनिकास्तं ररक्षुः ॥ Śiva. B.13.3.47.-2 skill in archery or generally in handling arms; कौरव्ये कृतहस्तता पुनरियं देवे यथा सीरिणि Ve.6.13; Mv.6.41. -
91 to
1.go to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen
to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich
throw the ball to me — wirf mir den Ball zu
2) (towards a condition or quality) zu3) (as far as) bis zufrom London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh
increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen
with one's back to the wall — mit dem Rücken zur Wand
5) (implying comparison, ratio, etc.)[compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu
it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut
6) introducing relationship or indirect objectto somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)
lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.
relate to something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) beziehen
secretary to the Minister — Sekretär des Ministers
that's all there is to it — mehr ist dazu nicht zu sagen
what's that to you? — was geht das dich an?
7) (until) bisto the end — bis zum Ende
five [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht
8) with infinitive of a verb zu; expressing purpose, or after academic.ru/75540/too">too um [...] zutoo young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten
to rebel is pointless — es ist sinnlos zu rebellieren
he woke to find himself in a strange room — er erwachte und fand sich in einem fremden Zimmer wieder
he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es
2.she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste
[tuː] adverb1) (just not shut)be to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein
2)* * *1. [tə,tu] preposition1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) zu, auf2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) bis3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) bis4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) zu, mit5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) zu, für6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) in7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) gegenüber, zu8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) zu9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) zu, um zu10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) zu2. [tu:] adverb1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) zu2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) zu sich, dran•* * *to[tu:, tu, tə]I. PREPOSITION, nach + dat, zu + datshe walked over \to the window sie ging [hinüber] zum Fenster [o ans Fenster]we're going \to town wir gehen/fahren in die Stadtthey go \to work on the bus sie fahren mit dem Bus zur ArbeitI'm going \to a party/concert ich gehe auf eine Party/ein Konzertshe has to go \to a meeting now sie muss jetzt zu einem Meeting [gehen]we moved \to Germany last year wir sind letztes Jahr nach Deutschland gezogenhe flew \to the US er flog in die USAshe's never been \to Mexico before sie ist noch nie [zuvor] in Mexiko gewesenmy first visit \to Africa mein erster Aufenthalt in Afrikathis is a road \to nowhere! diese Straße führt nirgendwohin!parallel \to the x axis parallel zur x-Achsefrom here \to the station von hier [bis] zum Bahnhofon the way \to the mountains/the sea/the town centre auf dem Weg in die Berge/zum Meer/ins [o zum] Stadtzentrum\to the north/south nördlich/südlichtwenty miles \to the north of the city zwanzig Meilen nördlich der Stadtthe suburbs are \to the west of the city die Vororte liegen im Westen der Stadtfrom place \to place von Ort zu Ort\to the right/left nach rechts/linksthere \to the right dort rechtshe's standing \to the left of Adrian er steht links neben Adrian, in + datshe goes \to kindergarten sie geht in den Kindergartenhe goes \to university er geht auf die Universitätdo you go \to church? gehst du in die Kirche?I go \to the gym twice a week ich gehe zweimal wöchentlich zum Fitnessan invitation \to a wedding eine Einladung zu einer HochzeitI've asked them \to dinner ich habe sie zum Essen eingeladenshe took me out \to lunch yesterday sie hat mich gestern zum Mittagessen ausgeführt [o eingeladenshe pointed \to a distant spot on the horizon sie zeigte auf einen fernen Punkt am Horizontto have one's back \to sth/sb etw/jdm den Rücken zudrehenback \to front verkehrt herumthey were dancing cheek \to cheek sie tanzten Wange an Wangeshe put her hand \to his breast sie legte die Hand auf seine Brustshe clasped the letter \to her bosom sie drückte den Brief an ihre Brusttie the lead \to the fence mach die Leine am Zaun festthey fixed the bookshelves \to the wall sie brachten die Bücherregale an der Wand anstick the ads \to some paper klebe die Anzeigen auf ein Blatt Papier7. (with indirect object)I lent my bike \to my brother ich habe meinem Bruder mein Fahrrad geliehengive that gun \to me gib mir das Gewehrchildren are often cruel \to each other Kinder sind oft grausam zueinanderwho's the letter addressed \to? an wen ist der Brief adressiert?what have they done \to you? was haben sie dir [an]getan?her knowledge proved useful \to him ihr Wissen erwies sich als hilfreich für ihnthey made a complaint \to the manager sie reichten beim Geschäftsleiter eine Beschwerde eina threat \to world peace eine Bedrohung des Weltfriedens [o für den Weltfrieden]to be grateful \to sb jdm dankbar seinto be married \to sb mit jdm verheiratet seinto tell/show sth \to sb jdm etw erzählen/zeigenand what did you say \to that? und was hast du dazu gesagt?he finally confessed \to the crime er gestand schließlich das Verbrechenthis is essential \to our strategy dies ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer Strategiea reference \to Psalm 22:18 ein Verweis auf Psalm 22:18her reply \to the question ihre Antwort auf die Frageand what was her response \to that? und wie lautete ihr Antwort darauf?the keys \to his car seine Autoschlüsselthe top \to this pen die Kappe, die auf diesen Stift gehörtshe has a mean side \to her sie kann auch sehr gemein seinthere is a very moral tone \to this book dieses Buch hat einen sehr moralischen Untertonthere's a funny side \to everything alles hat auch seine komische SeiteI prefer beef \to seafood ich ziehe Rindfleisch Meeresfrüchten vorshe looked about thirty \to his sixty neben ihm mit seinen sechzig Jahren wirkte sie wie dreißigto be comparable \to sth mit etw dat vergleichbar sein[to be] nothing \to sth nichts im Vergleich zu etw dat [sein]her wage is nothing \to what she could earn ihr Einkommen steht in keinem Vergleich zu dem, was sie verdienen könnteto be superior \to sb jdm übergeordnet sein, höher stehen als jdPaul beat me by three games \to two Paul hat im Spiel drei zu zwei gegen mich gewonnenManchester won three \to one Manchester hat drei zu eins gewonnen, zu + datI read up \to page 100 ich habe bis Seite 100 gelesenunemployment has risen \to almost 8 million die Arbeitslosigkeit ist auf fast 8 Millionen angestiegencount \to 20 zähle bis 20it's about fifty miles \to New York es sind [noch] etwa fünfzig Meilen bis New Yorkhe converted \to Islam er ist zum Islam übergetretenhis expression changed from amazement \to joy sein Ausdruck wechselte von Erstaunen zu Freudethe change \to the metric system der Wechsel zum metrischen Systemher promotion \to department manager ihre Beförderung zur Abteilungsleiterinthe meat was cooked \to perfection das Fleisch war bestens zubereitethe drank himself \to death er trank sich zu Todeshe nursed me back \to health sie hat mich [wieder] gesund gepflegtsmashed \to pieces in tausend Stücke geschlagenshe was close \to tears sie war den Tränen nahehe was thrilled \to bits er freute sich wahnsinnigthe shop is open \to 8.00 p.m. der Laden hat bis 20 Uhr geöffnetwe're in this \to the end wir führen dies bis zum Endeand \to this day... und bis auf den heutigen Tag...it's only two weeks \to your birthday! es sind nur noch zwei Wochen bis zu deinem Geburtstag!16. (including)▪ from... \to... von... bis...from beginning \to end von Anfang bis Endefrom morning \to night von morgens bis abendsfront \to back von vorne bis hinten, von allen SeitenI read the document front \to back ich habe das Dokument von vorne bis hinten gelesenhe's done everything from snowboarding \to windsurfing er hat von Snowboarden bis Windsurfen alles [mal] gemachtfrom simple theft \to cold-blooded murder vom einfachen Diebstahl bis zum kaltblütigen Mordit's twenty \to six es ist zwanzig vor sechs\to my relief/horror/astonishment zu meiner Erleichterung/meinem Entsetzen/meinem Erstaunenmuch \to her surprise zu ihrer großen Überraschung\to me, it sounds like she's ending the relationship für mich hört sich das an, als ob sie die Beziehung beenden wolltethat outfit looks good \to me das Outfit gefällt mir gutif it's acceptable \to you wenn Sie einverstanden sindthis would be \to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil, das wäre für dich von Vorteildoes this make any sense \to you? findest du das auf irgendeine Weise einleuchtend?fifty pounds is nothing \to him fünfzig Pfund sind nichts für ihnwhat's it \to you? ( fam) was geht dich das an?he works as a personal trainer \to the rich and famous er arbeitet als Personal Trainer für die Reichen und Berühmtenthey are hat makers \to Her Majesty the Queen sie sind Hutmacher Ihrer Majestät, der Königineconomic adviser \to the president Wirtschaftsberater des Präsidentenshe was Ophelia \to Olivier's Hamlet in der Verfilmung von Olivier spielte sie neben Hamlet die Opheliahere's \to you! auf dein/Ihr Wohl!\to the cook! auf den Koch/die Köchin!the record is dedicated \to her mother die Schallplatte ist ihrer Mutter gewidmetI propose a toast \to the bride and groom ich bringe einen Toast auf die Braut und den Bräutigam ausa memorial \to all the soldiers who died in Vietnam ein Denkmal für alle im Vietnamkrieg gefallenen Soldaten23. (per)the car gets 25 miles \to the gallon das Auto verbraucht eine Gallone auf 25 Meilenthree parts oil \to one part vinegar drei Teile Öl auf einen Teil Essigthe odds are 2 \to 1 that you'll lose die Chancen stehen 2 zu 1, dass du verlierstshe awoke \to the sound of screaming sie wurden durch laute Schreie wachI like exercising \to music ich trainiere gerne mit MusikI can't dance \to this sort of music ich kann zu dieser Art Musik nicht tanzenthe band walked on stage \to rapturous applause die Band zog unter tosendem Applaus auf die Bühnethirty \to thirty-five people dreißig bis fünfunddreißig Leuteten \to the power of three zehn hoch drei27.▶ that's all there is \to it das ist schon alles▶ there's not much [or nothing] \to it das ist nichts Besonderes, da ist nichts Besonderes dabei1. (expressing future intention) zushe agreed \to help sie erklärte sich bereit zu helfenI'll have \to tell him ich werde es ihm sagen müssenI don't expect \to be finished any later than seven ich denke, dass ich spätestens um sieben fertig sein werdehe lived \to see his first grandchild er durfte erleben, dass sein erstes Enkelkind geboren wurdeI have \to go on a business trip ich muss auf eine Geschäftsreisethe company is \to pay over £500,000 die Firma muss über 500.000 Pfund bezahlenhe's going \to write his memoirs er wird seine Memoiren schreibenI have some things \to be fixed ich habe einige Dinge zu reparierenBlair \to meet with Bush Blair trifft Bushto be about \to do sth gerade etw tun wollen, im Begriff sein, etw zu tun2. (forming requests) zushe was told \to have the report finished by Friday sie wurde gebeten, den Bericht bis Freitag fertigzustellenhe told me \to wait er sagte mir, ich solle wartenI asked her \to give me a call ich bat sie, mich anzurufenwe asked her \to explain wir baten sie, es uns zu erklärenyou've not \to do that du sollst das nicht tunthat man is not \to come here again der Mann darf dieses Haus nicht mehr betretenyoung man, you're \to go to your room right now junger Mann, du gehst jetzt auf dein Zimmer3. (expressing wish) zuI need \to eat something first ich muss zuerst etwas essenI'd love \to live in New York ich würde nur zu gern in New York lebenwould you like \to dance? möchten Sie tanzen?that child ought \to be in bed das Kind sollte [schon] im Bett seinI want \to go now ich möchte jetzt gehenI need \to go to the bathroom ich muss mal auf die Toilettedo you want \to come with us? willst du [mit uns] mitkommen?I'd love \to go to France this summer ich würde diesen Sommer gern nach Frankreich fahren4. (omitting verb)are you going tonight? — I'm certainly hoping \to gehst du heute Abend? — das hoffe ich sehrwould you like to go and see the Russian clowns? — yes, I'd love \to möchtest du gern die russischen Clowns sehen? — ja, sehr gerncan you drive? — yes I'm able \to but I prefer not \to kannst du Auto fahren? — ja, das kann ich, aber ich fahre nicht gernit's not likely \to happen es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht, das wird wohl kaum geschehenI was afraid \to tell her ich hatte Angst, es ihr zu sagenhe's able \to speak four languages er spricht vier Sprachenshe's due \to have her baby sie bekommt bald ihr BabyI'm afraid \to fly ich habe Angst vorm Fliegenshe's happy \to see you back sie ist froh, dass du wieder zurück bistI'm sorry \to hear that es tut mir leid, das zu höreneasy \to use leicht zu bedienenlanguages are fun \to learn Sprachenlernen macht Spaßit is interesting \to know that es ist interessant, das zu wissenthree months is too long \to wait drei Monate zu warten ist zu langI'm too nervous \to talk right now ich bin zu nervös, um jetzt zu sprechenI'm going there \to see my sister ich gehe dort hin, um meine Schwester zu treffenshe's gone \to pick Jean up sie ist Jean abholen gegangenmy second attempt \to make flaky pastry mein zweiter Versuch, einen Blätterteig zu machenthey have no reason \to lie sie haben keinerlei Grund zu lügenI have the chance \to buy a house cheaply ich habe die Gelegenheit, billig ein Haus zu kaufensomething \to eat etwas zu essenthe first person \to arrive die erste Person, die ankam [o eintraf]Armstrong was the first man \to walk on the moon Armstrong war der erste Mann, der den Mond betrat7. (expressing intent)we tried \to help wir versuchten zu helfen\to make this cake, you'll need... für diesen Kuchen braucht man...he managed \to escape es gelang ihm zu entkommenI don't know what \to do ich weiß nicht, was ich tun sollI don't know where \to begin ich weiß nicht, wo ich anfangen sollshe was wondering whether \to ask David about it sie fragte sich, ob sie David deswegen fragen solltecan you tell me how \to get there? könne Sie mir sagen, wie ich dort hinkomme?9. (introducing clause)\to tell the truth [or \to be truthful] um die Wahrheit zu sagen\to be quite truthful with you, Dave, I never really liked the man ich muss dir ehrlich sagen, Dave, ich konnte diesen Mann noch nie leiden\to be honest um ehrlich zu sein10. (in consecutive acts) um zuhe looked up \to greet his guests er blickte auf, um seine Gäste zu begrüßenshe reached out \to take his hand sie griff nach seiner Handthey turned around \to find their car gone sie drehten sich um und bemerkten, dass ihr Auto verschwunden warIII. ADVERBinv zuto come \to zu sich dat kommenthey set \to with a will, determined to finish the job sie machten sich mit Nachdruck daran, entschlossen, die Arbeit zu Ende zu bringen* * *[tuː]1. PREPOSITION1) = in direction of, towards zuto go to the doctor( 's)/greengrocer's etc — zum Arzt/Gemüsehändler etc gehen
to go to the opera/concert etc — in die Oper/ins Konzert etc gehen
to go to France/London — nach Frankreich/London fahren
to go to Switzerland —
to go to school to go to bed — zur Schule or in die Schule gehen ins or zu Bett gehen
he came up to where I was standing —
to turn a picture/one's face to the wall — ein Bild/sich mit dem Gesicht zur Wand drehen
2) = as far as, until bisto count (up) to 20 —
3) = in in (+dat)I have never been to Brussels/India — ich war noch nie in Brüssel/Indien
4)= secure to
he nailed it to the wall/floor etc — er nagelte es an die Wand/auf den Boden etcthey tied him to the tree —
5)to give sth to sb — jdm etw gebena present from me to you —
I said to myself... — ich habe mir gesagt...
he was muttering/singing to himself — er murmelte/sang vor sich hin
"To... " (on envelope etc) to pray to God — "An (+acc)..." zu Gott beten
6) in toasts auf (+acc)to drink to sb's health — auf jds Wohl (acc) trinken
7)= next to
with position bumper to bumper — Stoßstange an Stoßstangeclose to sb/sth — nahe bei jdm/etw
at right angles to the wall —
to the west (of)/the left (of) — westlich/links (von)
8) with expressions of time vorit was five to when we arrived — es war fünf vor, als wir ankamen
9) = in relation to zuA is to B as C is to D —
they won by 4 goals to 2 — sie haben mit 4:2 (spoken: vier zu zwei) Toren gewonnen
one person to a room — eine Person pro Zimmer
11) MATH3 to the 4th, 3 to the power of 4 — 3 hoch 4
12)= concerning
what do you say to the idea? — was hältst du von der Idee?to repairing television £30 (Comm) — (für) Reparatur eines Fernsehers £ 30
13)= according to
to the best of my knowledge — nach bestem Wissen14)= accompanied by
to sing to the guitar —to sing sth to the tune of... — etw nach der Melodie von... singen
to dance to a tune/a band — zu einer Melodie/den Klängen or der Musik eines Orchesters tanzen
15)= of
ambassador to America/the King of France — Botschafter in Amerika/am Hofe des Königs von Frankreich16)= producing
to everyone's surprise — zu jedermanns Überraschung17)to begin to do sth — anfangen, etw zu tunI want him to do it — ich will, dass er es tut
18)to see him now, one would never think... — wenn man ihn jetzt sieht, würde man nicht glauben,...19)infinitive expressing purpose, result
to eat/work to live —I did it to help you — ich tat es, um dir zu helfen
to get to the point,... — um zur Sache zu kommen,...
well, not to exaggerate... — ohne zu übertreiben,...
I arrived to find she had gone — als ich ankam, war sie weg
20)I don't want to — ich will nichtwe didn't want to but we were forced to — wir wollten nicht, aber wir waren dazu gezwungen
I intended to (do it), but I forgot (to) — ich wollte es tun, aber ich habe es vergessen
buy it, it would be silly not to — kaufe es, es wäre dumm, es nicht zu tun
he often does things one doesn't expect him to — er macht oft Dinge, die man nicht von ihm erwartet
21)__diams; noun/pronoun + to + infinitive he is not the sort to do that — er ist nicht der Typ, der das täte, er ist nicht der Typ dazuI have done nothing to deserve this — ich habe nichts getan, womit ich das verdient hätte
who is he to order you around? — wer ist er denn, dass er dich so herumkommandiert?
he was the first to arrive — er kam als Erster an, er war der Erste, der ankam
who was the last to see her? —
what is there to do here? —
now is the time to do it — jetzt ist die (beste) Zeit, es zu tun
you are foolish to try it — du bist dumm, das überhaupt zu versuchen
is it good to eat? —
he's too old to be still in short trousers — er ist schon so alt und trägt noch kurze Hosen
2. ADJECTIVEdoor (= ajar) angelehnt; (= shut) zu3. ADVERBto and fro — hin und her; walk auf und ab
* * *toA präp [tuː; tʊ; tə]1. (Grundbedeutung) zu2. (Richtung und Ziel, räumlich) zu, nach, an (akk), in (akk), auf (akk):go to London nach London fahren;from east to west von Osten nach Westen;throw sth to the ground etwas auf den oder zu Boden werfen3. in (dat):have you ever been to London?4. (Richtung, Ziel, Zweck) zu, auf (akk), an (akk), in (akk), für, gegen:that is all there is to it das ist alles;a cap with a tassel to it eine Mütze mit einer Troddel (daran);a key to the case ein Schlüssel für den oder zum Koffer;a room to myself ein Zimmer für mich (allein); → assistant B 1, end C 7, moral B 1, secretary 1, etcthe score is three to one (3-1) das Spiel oder es steht drei zu eins (3:1);two is to four as four is to eight zwei verhält sich zu vier wie vier zu acht8. (Ausmaß, Grenze, Grad) bis, (bis) zu, (bis) an (akk), auf (akk), in (dat):to the clouds bis an die Wolken;from three to four von drei bis vier (Uhr);it’s ten to five es ist zehn vor fünf10. (Begleitung) zu, nach:sing to a guitar zu einer Gitarre singen;a) betont:he gave the book to me, not to you! er gab das Buch mir, nicht Ihnen!b) unbetont:she was a good mother to him sie war ihm eine gute MutterB partikel [tʊ; tə]to go gehen;easy to understand leicht zu verstehen;she was heard to cry man hörte sie weinen2. (Zweck, Absicht) um zu, zu:he only does it to earn money er tut es nur, um Geld zu verdienenI weep to think of it ich weine, wenn ich daran denke;he was the first to arrive er kam als Erster;why blame you me to love you? obs oder poet was tadelst du mich, weil ich dich liebe?5. zur Andeutung eines aus dem Vorhergehenden zu ergänzenden Infinitivs:I don’t go because I don’t want to ich gehe nicht, weil ich nicht (gehen) willC adv [tuː]1. a) zu, geschlossen:pull the door to die Türe zuziehenb) angelehnt:3. SCHIFF nahe am Wind:keep her to!4. to and froa) hin und her,b) auf und ab* * *1.[before vowel tʊ, before consonant tə, stressed tuː] prepositiongo to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen
to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich
3) (as far as) bis zufrom London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh
increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen
4) (next to, facing)5) (implying comparison, ratio, etc.)[compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu
it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut
6) introducing relationship or indirect objectto somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)
lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.
relate to something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) beziehen
to me — (in my opinion) meiner Meinung nach
7) (until) bisfive [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht
do something to annoy somebody — etwas tun, um jemanden zu ärgern
too young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten
he woke to find himself in a strange room — er erwachte und fand sich in einem fremden Zimmer wieder
he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es
2.she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste
[tuː] adverbbe to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein
2) -
92 work
1. nounat work — (engaged in working) bei der Arbeit; (fig.): (operating) am Werk (see also academic.ru/23063/e">e)
be at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) arbeiten; (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) wirken
set to work — [Person:] sich an die Arbeit machen
set somebody to work — jemanden an die Arbeit schicken
all work and no play — immer nur arbeiten
have one's work cut out — viel zu tun haben; sich ranhalten müssen (ugs.)
2) (thing made or achieved) Werk, dasis that all your own work? — hast du das alles selbst gemacht?
work of art — Kunstwerk, das
a work of reference/literature/art — ein Nachschlagewerk/literarisches Werk/Kunstwerk
5) (employment) Arbeit, dieout of work — arbeitslos; ohne Arbeit
7) in pl. (Mil.) Werke; Befestigungen8) in pl. (operations of building etc.) Arbeitenthe [whole/full] works — der ganze Kram (ugs.)
2. intransitive verb,give somebody the works — (fig.) (give somebody the best possible treatment) jemandem richtig verwöhnen (ugs.); (give somebody the worst possible treatment) jemanden fertig machen (salopp)
1) arbeitenwork for a cause — etc. für eine Sache usw. arbeiten
work against something — (impede) einer Sache (Dat.) entgegenstehen
2) (function effectively) funktionieren; [Charme:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)make the washing machine/television work — die Waschmaschine/den Fernsehapparat in Ordnung bringen
3) [Rad, Getriebe, Kette:] laufen4) (be craftsman)work in a material — mit od. (fachspr.) in einem Material arbeiten
5) [Faktoren, Einflüsse:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)work against — arbeiten gegen; see also work on
6) (make its/one's way) sich schieben3. transitive verb,work round to a question — (fig.) sich zu einer Frage vorarbeiten
1) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; fahren [Schiff]; betätigen [Bremse]2) (get labour from) arbeiten lassen3) (get material from) ausbeuten [Steinbruch, Grube]4) (operate in or on) [Vertreter:] bereisen5) (control) steuern6) (effect) bewirken [Änderung]; wirken [Wunder]work it or things so that... — (coll.) es deichseln, dass... (ugs.)
work one's way up/into something — sich hocharbeiten/in etwas (Akk.) hineinarbeiten
8) (get gradually) bringenwork something into something — etwas zu etwas verarbeiten; (mix in) etwas unter etwas (Akk.) rühren
10) (gradually excite)work oneself into a state/a rage — sich aufregen/in einen Wutanfall hineinsteigern
12) (purchase, obtain with labour) abarbeiten; (fig.)she worked her way through college — sie hat sich (Dat.) ihr Studium selbst verdient; see also passage 6)
Phrasal Verbs:- work in- work off- work on- work out- work up* * *[wə:k] 1. noun1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) die Arbeit2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) die Arbeit3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) die Arbeit4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) das Werk5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) die Arbeit6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) die Arbeit2. verb1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) arbeiten2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) arbeiten3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funktionieren4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) klappen5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) sich arbeiten6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) sich arbeiten7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) arbeiten•- -work- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) das Werk•- work-basket- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders* * *[wɜ:k, AM wɜ:rk]I. NOUNto be at \work am Werk seinforces of destruction are at \work here hier sind zerstörerische Kräfte am Werkvarious factors are at \work in this situation in dieser Situation spielen verschiedene Faktoren eine Rollegood \work! gute Arbeit!there's a lot of \work to be done yet es gibt noch viel zu tunthe garden needs a lot of \work im Garten muss [so] einiges gemacht werden\work on the tunnel has been suspended die Arbeiten am Tunnel wurden vorübergehend eingestelltdid you manage to get a bit of \work done? konntest du ein bisschen arbeiten?construction/repair \work Bau-/Reparaturarbeiten plresearch \work Forschungsarbeit fit's hard \work doing sth (strenuous) es ist anstrengend, etw zu tun; (difficult) es ist schwierig, etw zu tunto be at \work doing sth [gerade] damit beschäftigt sein, etw zu tunto make \work for sb jdm Arbeit machenwhat sort of \work do you have experience in? über welche Berufserfahrung verfügen Sie?she's got \work as a translator sie hat Arbeit [o eine Stelle] als Übersetzerin gefundento look for \work auf Arbeitssuche seinhe's looking for \work as a system analyst er sucht Arbeit [o eine Stelle] als Systemanalytikerto be in \work Arbeit [o eine Stelle] habento be out of \work arbeitslos seinto be late for \work zu spät zur Arbeit kommento have to stay late at \work lange arbeiten müssento be at \work bei der Arbeit seinto be off \work frei haben; (without permission) fehlento be off \work sick sich akk krankgemeldet habento commute to \work pendelnto get to \work by car/on the train mit dem Auto/mit dem Zug zur Arbeit fahrento go/travel to \work zur Arbeit gehen/fahrento be injured at \work einen Arbeitsunfall habento ring sb from \work jdn von der Arbeit [aus] anrufen4. (construction, repairs)▪ \works pl Arbeiten plbuilding/road \works Bau-/Straßenarbeiten plthis is the \work of professional thieves das ist das Werk professioneller Diebegood \works REL gute Werke6. ART, LIT, MUS Werk nt‘The Complete W\works of William Shakespeare’ ‚Shakespeares gesammelte Werke‘\works of art Kunstwerke pl\work in bronze Bronzearbeiten pl\work in leather aus Leder gefertigte Arbeitensb's early/later \work jds Früh-/Spätwerk ntto show one's \work in a gallery seine Arbeiten in einer Galerie ausstellen7. (factory)▪ \works + sing/pl vb Werk nt, Fabrik fsteel \works Stahlwerk nttwo large pizzas with the \works, please! esp AM zwei große Pizzen mit allem bitte!11. MIL▪ \works pl Befestigungen pl12.II. NOUN MODIFIER\work clothes Arbeitskleidung f\work speed Arbeitstempo nt2.\works premises Werksgelände ntIII. INTRANSITIVE VERB1. (do a job) arbeitenwhere do you \work? wo arbeiten Sie?to \work as an accountant als Buchhalter arbeitento \work a twelve-hour day/a forty-hour week zwölf Stunden am Tag/vierzig Stunden in der Woche arbeitento \work from home zu Hause [o von zu Hause aus] arbeitento \work at the hospital/abroad im Krankenhaus/im Ausland arbeitento \work hard hart arbeitento \work together zusammenarbeiten▪ to \work with sb mit jdm zusammenarbeitenwe're \working to prevent it happening again wir bemühen uns [o arbeiten daran], so etwas in Zukunft zu verhindernto \work towards a degree in biology einen Hochschulabschluss in Biologie anstrebenwe're \working on it wir arbeiten daranto \work at a problem an einem Problem arbeitento \work hard at doing sth hart daran arbeiten, etw zu tun3. (have an effect) sich auswirkento \work both ways sich sowohl positiv als auch negativ auswirken▪ to \work in sb's favour sich zu jds Gunsten auswirkenmy cell phone doesn't \work mein Handy geht nichtthe boiler seems to be \working okay der Boiler scheint in Ordnung zu seinI can't get this washing machine to \work ich kriege die Waschmaschine irgendwie nicht zum Laufento \work off batteries batteriebetrieben seinto \work off the mains BRIT mit Netzstrom arbeitento \work off wind power mit Windenergie arbeitento \work in practice [auch] in der Praxis funktionieren7. (be based)to \work on the assumption/idea that... von der Annahme/Vorstellung ausgehen, dass...8. (move)to \work free/loose sich lösen/lockernto \work windward NAUT gegen den Wind segeln10. NAUTto \work windward [hart] am Wind segeln11.▶ to \work like a charm [or like magic] Wunder bewirkenIV. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (make work)to \work sb/oneself hard jdm/sich viel abverlangen2. (operate)to be \worked by electricity/steam elektrisch/dampfgetrieben seinto be \worked by wind power durch Windenergie angetrieben werden3. (move)to \work one's way through an article/a book sich akk durch einen Artikel/ein Buch durcharbeitento \work one's way through a crowd/out of a crowded room sich dat einen Weg durch die Menge/aus einem überfüllten Zimmer bahnento \work one's way down a list eine Liste durchgehento \work one's way up sich akk hocharbeitenhe's \worked his way up through the firm er hat sich in der Firma hochgearbeitetto \work sth free/loose etw losbekommen/lockernto \work sth [backwards and forwards] etw [hin- und her]bewegen4. (bring about)▪ to \work sth etw bewirkenI don't know how she \worked it! ich weiß nicht, wie sie das geschafft hat!to \work oneself into a more positive frame of mind sich dat eine positivere Lebenseinstellung erarbeitento \work a cure eine Heilung herbeiführento \work a miracle ein Wunder vollbringento \work miracles [or wonders] [wahre] Wunder vollbringen5. (get)to \work oneself into a state sich akk aufregento \work sb into a state of jealousy jdn eifersüchtig machen6. (shape)▪ to \work sth etw bearbeitento \work clay Ton formen▪ to \work sth into sth etw in etw akk einarbeiten; food etw mit etw dat vermengen; (incorporate) etw in etw akk einbauen [o einfügen]to \work the ingredients together die Zutaten [miteinander] vermengento \work sth into the skin (rub) die Haut mit etw dat einreiben; (massage) etw in die Haut einmassieren8. (embroider)▪ to \work sth etw [auf]sticken9. (cultivate)to \work the land das Land bewirtschaften; (exploit)to \work a mine/quarry eine Mine/einen Steinbruch ausbeuten10. (cover)to \work the inner city [area]/the East Side für die Innenstadt/die East Side zuständig sein11. (pay for by working)to \work one's passage sich dat seine Überfahrt durch Arbeit auf dem Schiff verdienento \work one's way through university sich dat sein Studium finanzieren12.▶ to \work one's fingers to the bone [for sb] ( fam) sich dat [für jdn] den Rücken krumm arbeiten fam* * *[wɜːk]1. nto be at work (on sth) ( — an etw dat ) arbeiten
there are forces at work which... — es sind Kräfte am Werk, die...
nice or good work! — gut or super (inf) gemacht!
we've a lot of work to do before this choir can give a concert — wir haben noch viel zu tun, ehe dieser Chor ein Konzert geben kann
you need to do some more work on your accent/your technique — Sie müssen noch an Ihrem Akzent/an Ihrer Technik arbeiten
to get or set to work on sth — sich an etw (acc) machen
to put a lot of work into sth — eine Menge Arbeit in etw (acc) stecken
to make short or quick work of sb/sth — mit jdm/etw kurzen Prozess machen
time/the medicine had done its work — die Zeit/Arznei hatte ihr Werk vollbracht/ihre Wirkung getan
it was hard work for the old car to get up the hill — das alte Auto hatte beim Anstieg schwer zu schaffen
2) (= employment, job) Arbeit fhow long does it take you to get to work? — wie lange brauchst du, um zu deiner Arbeitsstelle zu kommen?
at work — an der Arbeitsstelle, am Arbeitsplatz
3) (= product) Arbeit f; (ART, LITER) Werk ntgood works — gute Werke pl
a chance for artists to show their work — eine Gelegenheit für Künstler, ihre Arbeiten or Werke zu zeigen
5) pl (MECH) Getriebe, Innere(s) nt; (of watch, clock) Uhrwerk nt6) sing or pl (Brit: factory) Betrieb m, Fabrik fgas/steel works — Gas-/Stahlwerk nt
7) (inf)pl alles Drum und Dranwe had fantastic food, wine, brandy, the works — es gab tolles Essen, Wein, Kognak, alle Schikanen (inf)
he was giving his opponent the works — er machte seinen Gegner nach allen Regeln der Kunst fertig (inf)
2. vi1) person arbeiten (at an +dat)to work toward(s)/for sth — auf etw (acc) hin/für etw arbeiten
or favor (US) — diese Faktoren, die gegen uns/zu unseren Gunsten arbeiten
2) (= function, operate) funktionieren; (plan) funktionieren, klappen (inf); (medicine, spell) wirken; (= be successful) klappen (inf)"not working" (lift etc) — "außer Betrieb"
but this arrangement will have to work both ways — aber diese Abmachung muss für beide Seiten gelten
3) (yeast) arbeiten, treiben5)(= move gradually)
to work loose — sich lockernto work round (wind, object) — sich langsam drehen (to nach)
he worked (a)round to asking her — er hat sich aufgerafft, sie zu fragen
OK, I'm working (a)round to it — okay, das mache ich schon noch
3. vtto work oneself/sb hard — sich/jdn nicht schonen
to work sth by electricity/hand — etw elektrisch/mit Hand betreiben
3) (= bring about) change, cure bewirken, herbeiführento work it ( so that...) (inf) — es so deichseln(, dass...) (inf)
See:→ work upwork the flour in gradually/the ingredients together — mischen Sie das Mehl allmählich unter/die Zutaten (zusammen)
6) (= exploit) mine ausbeuten, abbauen; land bearbeiten; smallholding bewirtschaften; (salesman) area bereisen7) muscles trainieren8)(= move gradually)
to work one's hands free — seine Hände freibekommenhe worked his way across the rock face/through the tunnel — er überquerte die Felswand/kroch durch den Tunnel
to work oneself into sb's confidence — sich in jds Vertrauen (acc) einschleichen
* * *A s1. allg Arbeit f:a) Beschäftigung f, Tätigkeit fb) Aufgabe fc) Hand-, Nadelarbeit f, Stickerei f, Näherei fd) Leistung fe) Erzeugnis n:work done geleistete Arbeit;a beautiful piece of work eine schöne Arbeit;a) bei der Arbeit,b) am Arbeitsplatz,c) in Tätigkeit, in Betrieb (Maschine etc);be at work on arbeiten an (dat);do work arbeiten;I’ve got some work to do ich muss arbeiten;do the work of three (men) für drei arbeiten;be in (out of) work (keine) Arbeit haben;(put) out of work arbeitslos (machen);set to work an die Arbeit gehen, sich an die Arbeit machen;take some work home Arbeit mit nach Hause nehmen;have one’s work cut out (for one) zu tun haben, schwer zu schaffen haben;make work Arbeit verursachen;make light work of spielend fertig werden mit;make sad work of arg wirtschaften oder hausen mit;2. PHYS Arbeit f:3. auch koll (künstlerisches etc) Werk:4. Werk n (Tat und Resultat):this is your work!;5. pla) ARCH Anlagen pl, (besonders öffentliche) Bauten plb) Baustelle f (an einer Autobahn etc)c) MIL (Festungs)Werk n, Befestigungen pl7. pl TECH (Räder-, Trieb)Werk n, Getriebe n:9. REL (gutes) Werkgive sb the works umg jemanden fertigmachen;B v/i prät und pperf worked, besonders obs oder poet wrought [rɔːt]1. (at, on) arbeiten (an dat), sich beschäftigen (mit):work at a social reform an einer Sozialreform arbeiten;make one’s money work sein Geld arbeiten lassen2. arbeiten, Arbeit haben, beschäftigt seinagainst gegen;for für eine Sache):work toward(s) hinarbeiten auf (akk)4. TECHa) funktionieren, gehen (beide auch fig)b) in Betrieb oder Gang sein:our stove works well unser Ofen funktioniert gut;your method won’t work mit Ihrer Methode werden Sie es nicht schaffen;get sth to work etwas reparieren5. fig klappen, gehen, gelingen, sich machen lassenthe poison began to work das Gift begann zu wirken8. sich gut etc bearbeiten lassen9. sich (hindurch-, hoch- etc) arbeiten:work into eindringen in (akk);work loose sich losarbeiten, sich lockern;her tights worked down die Strumpfhose rutschte ihr herunter10. in (heftiger) Bewegung sein, arbeiten, zucken ( alle:12. gären, arbeiten (beide auch fig: Gedanke etc)C v/t1. arbeiten an (dat)2. verarbeiten:a) TECH bearbeitenb) einen Teig kneteninto zu):work cotton into cloth Baumwolle zu Tuch verarbeiten4. (an-, be)treiben:worked by electricity elektrisch betrieben7. Bergbau: eine Grube abbauen, ausbeuten9. jemanden, Tiere (tüchtig) arbeiten lassen, (zur Arbeit) antreibenfor wegen):11. a) work one’s way sich (hindurch- etc) arbeitenb) erarbeiten, verdienen: → passage1 512. MATH lösen, ausarbeiten, errechnenwork o.s. into a rage sich in eine Wut hineinsteigern14. bewegen, arbeiten mit:he worked his jaws seine Kiefer mahlten15. fig (prät oft wrought) hervorbringen, -rufen, zeitigen, Veränderungen etc bewirken, Wunder wirken oder tun, führen zu, verursachen:work hardship on sb für jemanden eine Härte bedeuten17. work intoa) eine Arbeit etc einschieben in (akk),18. sl etwas herausschlagen19. US sl jemanden bescheißen20. herstellen, machen, besonders stricken, nähen21. zur Gärung bringenw. abk1. weight2. wide3. width4. wife5. withwk abk1. week Wo.2. work* * *1. noun1) no pl., no indef. art. Arbeit, dieat work — (engaged in working) bei der Arbeit; (fig.): (operating) am Werk (see also e)
be at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) arbeiten; (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) wirken
set to work — [Person:] sich an die Arbeit machen
have one's work cut out — viel zu tun haben; sich ranhalten müssen (ugs.)
2) (thing made or achieved) Werk, daswork of art — Kunstwerk, das
3) (book, piece of music) Werk, dasa work of reference/literature/art — ein Nachschlagewerk/literarisches Werk/Kunstwerk
4) in pl. (of author or composer) Werke5) (employment) Arbeit, dieout of work — arbeitslos; ohne Arbeit
at work — (place of employment) auf der Arbeit (see also a)
7) in pl. (Mil.) Werke; Befestigungen8) in pl. (operations of building etc.) Arbeitenthe [whole/full] works — der ganze Kram (ugs.)
2. intransitive verb,give somebody the works — (fig.) (give somebody the best possible treatment) jemandem richtig verwöhnen (ugs.); (give somebody the worst possible treatment) jemanden fertig machen (salopp)
1) arbeitenwork for a cause — etc. für eine Sache usw. arbeiten
work against something — (impede) einer Sache (Dat.) entgegenstehen
2) (function effectively) funktionieren; [Charme:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)make the washing machine/television work — die Waschmaschine/den Fernsehapparat in Ordnung bringen
3) [Rad, Getriebe, Kette:] laufenwork in a material — mit od. (fachspr.) in einem Material arbeiten
5) [Faktoren, Einflüsse:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)work against — arbeiten gegen; see also work on
6) (make its/one's way) sich schieben3. transitive verb,work round to a question — (fig.) sich zu einer Frage vorarbeiten
1) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; fahren [Schiff]; betätigen [Bremse]2) (get labour from) arbeiten lassen3) (get material from) ausbeuten [Steinbruch, Grube]4) (operate in or on) [Vertreter:] bereisen5) (control) steuern6) (effect) bewirken [Änderung]; wirken [Wunder]work it or things so that... — (coll.) es deichseln, dass... (ugs.)
7) (cause to go gradually) führenwork one's way up/into something — sich hocharbeiten/in etwas (Akk.) hineinarbeiten
8) (get gradually) bringen9) (knead, stir)work something into something — etwas zu etwas verarbeiten; (mix in) etwas unter etwas (Akk.) rühren
work oneself into a state/a rage — sich aufregen/in einen Wutanfall hineinsteigern
11) (make by needlework etc.) arbeiten; aufsticken [Muster] (on auf + Akk.)12) (purchase, obtain with labour) abarbeiten; (fig.)she worked her way through college — sie hat sich (Dat.) ihr Studium selbst verdient; see also passage 6)
Phrasal Verbs:- work in- work off- work on- work out- work up* * *(hard) for expr.erarbeiten v.sich etwas erarbeiten ausdr. v.arbeiten v.funktionieren v. n.Arbeit -en f.Werk -e n. -
93 the
ðə, ði(The form ðə is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union ðə'ju:njən; the form ði is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour ði 'onə) el, la, los, las1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.) el, la3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).) el, la4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.) el, la, los, las5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.) el, la, los, las6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.) mucho•- the...- the...
the det el / laTuesday the fifth of May martes, cinco de mayotr[ðə] (Delante de una vocal se pronuncia tr[ðɪ]; con enfasis tr[ðiː])1 el, la (plural) los, las2 (per) por3 (emphasis) el, la, los, las■ you're not the Paul Newman, are you? no serás el auténtico Paul Newman, ¿verdad?■ the more you have, the more you want cuanto más se tiene, más se quiere■ the less said, the better cuanto menos digas, mejor■ the more the merrier cuantos más seamos, más nos divertiremosthe sooner the better: cuanto más pronto, mejorshe likes this one the best: éste es el que más le gustathe more I learn, the less I understand: cuanto más aprendo, menos entiendothe art: el, la, los, lasthe gloves: los guantesthe suitcase: la maletaforty cookies to the box: cuarenta galletas por cajan.• Roma s.f.adv.• cuánto adv.art.• el art.• la art.• las art.• lo art.• los art.art.def.• la art.def.
I before vowel ði, ðɪ; before consonant ðə, strong form ðiː1) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, las2) (emphatic use)do you mean the Dr Black? — ¿te refieres al famoso Dr Black?
3)a) ( with names)b) (in abstractions, generalizations) (+ sing vb)the possible/sublime — lo posible/sublime
the young/old — los jóvenes/viejos
4) ( per) por5) ( used instead of possessive pron) (colloq) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, lashow's the family? — ¿qué tal la familia? (fam)
II before vowel ði; before consonant ðəadverb (+ comp)a) (as conj) cuantothe more you have, the more you want — cuanto más tienes, más quieres
the sooner, the better — cuanto antes, mejor
••
Cultural note:
En Estados Unidos, el sueño americano es la creencia que cualquier persona que trabaje duro puede alcanzar el éxito económico o social. Para los inmigrantes y las minorías, este sueño también incluye libertad e igualdad de derechos(strong form) [ðiː] (weak form) [ˌðǝ]1. DEF ART1) (singular) el/la; (plural) los/lasdo you know the Smiths? — ¿conoce a los Smith?
how's the leg? — ¿cómo va la pierna?
•
all the... — todo el.../toda la..., todos los.../todas las...•
I'll meet you at the bank/station — quedamos en el banco/la estación•
the cheek of it! — ¡qué frescura!•
he's the man for the job — es el más indicado para el puesto•
from the — del/de la, de los/lasit's ten miles from the house/village — está a diez millas de la casa/del pueblo
•
of the — del/de la, de los/las•
oh, the pain! — ¡ay qué dolor!•
he hasn't the sense to understand — no tiene bastante inteligencia para comprender•
to the — al/a la, a los/las2) (+ adjective)a) (denoting plural) los(-las)b) (denoting sing) lo3) (+ noun) (denoting whole class) el(-la)to play the piano/flute — tocar el piano/la flauta
in this age of the computer... — en esta época del ordenador...
4) (+ comparative) el(-la)•
eggs are usually sold by the dozen — los huevos se venden normalmente por docena•
25 miles to the gallon — 25 millas por galón6) (emphatic)you don't mean the professor Bloggs? — ¿quieres decir el profesor Bloggs del que tanto se habla?
7) (in titles)2.ADV•
she looks all the better for it — se la ve mucho mejor por eso•
the more he works the more he earns — cuanto más trabaja más gana(all) the more so because... — tanto más cuanto que...
the more... the less — mientras más... menos...
•
the sooner the better — cuanto antes mejor* * *
I before vowel [ði, ðɪ]; before consonant [ðə], strong form [ðiː]1) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, las2) (emphatic use)do you mean the Dr Black? — ¿te refieres al famoso Dr Black?
3)a) ( with names)b) (in abstractions, generalizations) (+ sing vb)the possible/sublime — lo posible/sublime
the young/old — los jóvenes/viejos
4) ( per) por5) ( used instead of possessive pron) (colloq) (sing) el, la; (pl) los, lashow's the family? — ¿qué tal la familia? (fam)
II before vowel [ði]; before consonant [ðə]adverb (+ comp)a) (as conj) cuantothe more you have, the more you want — cuanto más tienes, más quieres
the sooner, the better — cuanto antes, mejor
••
Cultural note:
En Estados Unidos, el sueño americano es la creencia que cualquier persona que trabaje duro puede alcanzar el éxito económico o social. Para los inmigrantes y las minorías, este sueño también incluye libertad e igualdad de derechos -
94 Sache
f; -, -n1. (Gegenstand) thing; Sachen (Kleidung etc.) umg. allg. things; (Habseligkeiten) auch belongings; häng deine Sachen in den Schrank hang up you things in the cupboard (Am. closet); seine Sachen überall herumliegen lassen leave one’s things lying around all over the place; Gewalt gegen Sachen JUR. (violent) damage to property; warme Sachen für den Winter (warme Kleidung) warm things for the winter; süße Sachen (Süßigkeiten) sweet things, sweets; scharfe Sachen (Schnaps etc.) hard stuff Sg.2. (Angelegenheit) affair; (auch Vorfall) matter, business; (Problem, Frage) matter; das ist eine Sache für sich that’s a completely different matter; iro. that’s another story; ich werde der Sache nachgehen I’ll look into the matter; bei der Sache bleiben keep to the point; das gehört nicht zur Sache that’s got nothing to do with it; die Sache ist... the thing is..., it’s like this...; die Sache ist die, dass... the point is that...; in eigener Sache sprechen speak on one’s own behalf; wie ist die Sache mit dem Auto ausgegangen? how did that business with the car turn out?; die Sache steht gut things are looking good; die Sache macht sich umg. things are ( oder it’s) coming along fine; das ist so eine Sache it’s not so easy; eine runde Sache a fine piece of work; ich mag keine halben Sachen I don’t like (any) half measures; das ist eine tolle / blöde Sache umg. that’s fantastic / a stupid business; ich habe die ganze Sache ( gründlich) satt I’m sick (and tired) of the whole business; die einfachste / natürlichste Sache der Welt the simplest / most natural thing in the world; das ist nicht jedermanns Sache that’s not for everybody, that’s not everybody’s cup of tea; jemandem sagen, was Sache ist umg. (worauf es ankommt) put s.o. in the picture allg.; (die Meinung sagen) tell s.o. what’s what; sie war ganz bei der Sache she was all attention ( oder quite absorbed); er war nicht ( ganz) bei der Sache he had his mind on other things, he wasn’t (quite) concentrating; seiner Sache sicher sein be sure of oneself; sich seiner Sache sicher glauben think o.s. sure of one’s point; zur Sache kommen get to the point; (handeln) get down to business (brass tacks umg.); zur Sache! can we get to the point?; bleiben wir bei der Sache! let’s stick to the point; das tut nichts zur Sache that makes no difference; das kommt der Sache schon näher that’s more like it; das ist seine Sache that’s his business ( oder affair); das ist nicht meine Sache that’s got nothing to do with me; es ist eine Sache der Erziehung etc. it’s a matter of upbringing etc.; es ist eine Sache von Leben und Tod it’s a matter of life and death; es ist eine abgekartete Sache it’s a put-up job (Am. a scam oder setup) umg.; mach keine Sachen! umg., erstaunt: you’re kidding; warnend: no funny business; Sachen gibt’s(, die gibt’s gar nicht) umg. would you believe it allg.; was machst du denn für Sachen? umg. what have you been up to then?; du machst Sachen! umg. the things you get up to!; was höre ich denn für ( schöne) Sachen? what’s all this I’ve been hearing then?3. JUR. case; in Sachen A. gegen B. JUR. in the matter of A versus B4. in Sachen umg., fig. (bezüglich) with regard to, as to; in Sachen Umwelt where the environment is concerned, in questions of the environment; was tut sich in Sachen Hausbau? how are things on the housebuilding front?; wie macht er sich in Sachen Schule? how’s he getting on at (Am. how’s he doing in) school?5. (Ziel, Anliegen) cause; für eine gute / gerechte Sache kämpfen fight for a good cause / for the cause of justice; mit jemandem gemeinsame Sache machen make common cause with s.o.6. (Aufgabe) job; er versteht seine Sache he knows his stuff; sie hat ihre Sache gut gemacht she did a good job; etw. um der Sache willen tun do s.th. for its own sake; es ist Sache des Gerichts zu entscheiden, ob... it is for the court to decide whether...* * *die Sacheaffair; cause; business; concern; matter; thing* * *Sạ|che ['zaxə]f -, -n1) thing; (= Gegenstand) object, thing; (JUR = Eigentum) article of propertyder Mensch wird zur Sache — man is reduced to or becomes an object
Sachen gibts(, die gibts gar nicht)! (inf) — would you credit it! (inf)
2) pl inf = Zeug) things pl; (JUR) propertyseine Sachen packen — to pack ones bags
eine Sache der Polizei/der Behörden — a matter for the police/authorities
es ist Sache der Polizei/der Behörden, das zu tun — it's up to the police/authorities or it's for the police/authorities to do that
das mit dem Präsidenten war eine unangenehme Sache — that was an unpleasant business with the president
das ist eine ganz tolle/unangenehme Sache — it's really fantastic/unpleasant
die Sache macht sich (inf) — things are coming along
das ist eine andere Sache — that's a different matter, that's a different kettle of fish (inf), that's a different cup of tea (US inf)
das ist meine/seine Sache — that's my/his affair or business
in eigener Sache — on one's own account
das ist nicht jedermanns Sache — it's not everyone's cup of tea (inf)
er versteht seine Sache — he knows what he's doing or what he's about (inf)
er macht seine Sache gut — he's doing very well; (beruflich) he's doing a good job
diese Frage können wir nicht hier mitbesprechen, das ist eine Sache für sich — we can't discuss this question now, it's a separate issue all to itself
und was hat deine Frau gesagt?/was meinen Sie zu diesen Streiks? – das ist eine Sache für sich — and what did your wife say?/what do you think about these strikes? – that's another story
das ist so eine Sache (inf) — it's a bit tricky, it's a bit of a problem
die Sache mit der Bank ist also geplatzt — so the bank job fell through
4) (= Vorfall) business, affairwas hat die Polizei zu der Sache gesagt? — what did the police say about it or about all this business?
die Sache hat geklappt/ist schiefgegangen — everything or it worked/went wrong
mach keine Sachen! (inf) — don't be daft (Brit inf) or silly!
eine Sache der Erziehung/des Geschmacks — a matter or question of education/taste
mehr kann ich zu der Sache nicht sagen — that's all I can say on the subject
um die Sache herumreden — to talk( all) round the subject
zur Sache! — let's get on with it; (Parl, Jur etc) come to the point!
zur Sache gehen (inf) — to come to the crunch (inf); (Sport) to get stuck in (inf)
seiner Sache sicher or gewiss sein — to be sure of one's ground
bei der Sache sein — to be with it (inf), to be on the ball (inf)
sie war nicht bei der Sache — her mind was elsewhere
bei der Sache bleiben — to keep one's mind on the job; (bei Diskussion) to keep to the point
6) (= Sachlage) things pl, no artso steht die Sache also — so that's the way things are
die Sache ist die, dass... — the thing is that...
7)* * *die1) (a thing or situation that must be done or dealt with: a difficult proposition.) proposition2) (an object; something that is not living: What do you use that thing for?) thing3) (any fact, quality, idea etc that one can think of or refer to: Music is a wonderful thing; I hope I haven't done the wrong thing; That was a stupid thing to do.) thing* * *Sa·che<-, -n>[ˈzaxə]fwarme \Sachen warm clothes [or nsing clothingbewegliche/unbewegliche \Sachen JUR personal property [or chattels] [or movables]/immovables [or things immovable]eingebrachte \Sache contributed itemherrenlose \Sache derelict property, res nulliusverbrauchbare \Sache consumablevertretbare \Sache fungibleich hatte mir die \Sache eigentlich anders vorgestellt in fact, I had imagined things differentlywie ist die \Sache mit dem Haus gelaufen? how did the house business turn out?die \Sache ist schiefgegangen everything went wrongdie \Sache steht gut things are looking gooddas ist so eine \Sache (fam) that's a bit tricky [or bit of a problem]das ist eine andere \Sache that's another matter [or something else]das ist eine \Sache des Geschmacks that's a matter of tastees ist eine \Sache seiner Abstammung it's a question of his origins▪ jds \Sache sein to be sb's affair [or business]eine aussichtslose \Sache a lost causebeschlossene \Sache sein to be [all] settled [or a foregone conclusion]in eigener \Sache on one's own behalfgeschäftliche \Sache business mattereine unangenehme \Sache an unpleasant affair [or business]um der \Sache willen for the love of it [or it's own sake]; s.a. Naturin \Sachen... in the matter of...in \Sachen Umwelt bleibt noch viel zu tun there is still a lot to be done where the environment is concernedin \Sachen [o in der \Sache] Meier gegen Müller in the case [of] [or form in re] Meier versus Müllereine \Sache verhandeln/vertreten/verweisen to hear/uphold/remit a casezur \Sache vernommen werden to be questioned [with regard to the matter itself]8. (Sachlage) factual situationdie \Sache ist die, dass... (es geht darum, dass...) the matter so far is that...; (einschränkend) the thing is [that]...bei der \Sache bleiben to keep to the pointneben der \Sache liegen (fam) to be beside the pointnichts zur \Sache tun to be irrelevant, to not matterzur \Sache kommen to come to the point9. (Aufgabe) jober macht seine \Sache gut he's doing well [or a good job]es ist \Sache der Polizei, den Schuldigen zu finden it's up to [or it's for] the police to find the guilty personkeine halben \Sachen machen to not do things by halves, to not deal in half-measuresseine \Sache verstehen to know what one is doing [or fam is aboutmach keine \Sachen! (fam: was du nicht sagst) [what] you don't say?; (tu das bloß nicht) don't be daft! famwas machst du bloß für \Sachen! (fam) the things you do!was sind denn das für \Sachen? what's going on here?das sind doch keine \Sachen! (fam) you shouldn't do that12.▶ bei der \Sache sein to be concentratinger war nicht bei der \Sache his mind was wanderinger war bei den Hausaufgaben nicht ganz bei der \Sache he didn't give his full attention to his homework▶ mit jdm gemeinsame \Sache machen to make common cause with sb▶ nicht jedermanns \Sache sein to be not everyone's cup of tea* * *die; Sache, Sachen1) Plural thingsscharfe Sachen trinken — drink the hard stuff (coll.)
2) (Angelegenheit) matter; business (esp. derog.)es ist beschlossene Sache, dass... — it's [all] arranged or settled that...
es ist die einfachste Sache [von] der Welt — it's the simplest thing in the world
[mit jemandem] gemeinsame Sache machen — join forces [with somebody]
[sich (Dat.)] seiner Sache sicher od. gewiss sein — be sure one is right
das tut nichts zur Sache — that's irrelevant; that's got nothing to do with it
3) (RechtsSache) case4) o. Pl. (Anliegen) cause* * *1. (Gegenstand) thing;häng deine Sachen in den Schrank hang up you things in the cupboard (US closet);seine Sachen überall herumliegen lassen leave one’s things lying around all over the place;Gewalt gegen Sachen JUR (violent) damage to property;warme Sachen für den Winter (warme Kleidung) warm things for the winter;süße Sachen (Süßigkeiten) sweet things, sweets;ich werde der Sache nachgehen I’ll look into the matter;bei der Sache bleiben keep to the point;das gehört nicht zur Sache that’s got nothing to do with it;die Sache ist … the thing is …, it’s like this …;die Sache ist die, dass … the point is that …;in eigener Sache sprechen speak on one’s own behalf;wie ist die Sache mit dem Auto ausgegangen? how did that business with the car turn out?;die Sache steht gut things are looking good;das ist so eine Sache it’s not so easy;eine runde Sache a fine piece of work;ich mag keine halben Sachen I don’t like (any) half measures;das ist eine tolle/blöde Sache umg that’s fantastic/a stupid business;ich habe die ganze Sache (gründlich) satt I’m sick (and tired) of the whole business;die einfachste/natürlichste Sache der Welt the simplest/most natural thing in the world;das ist nicht jedermanns Sache that’s not for everybody, that’s not everybody’s cup of tea;jemandem sagen, was Sache ist umg (worauf es ankommt) put sb in the picture allg; (die Meinung sagen) tell sb what’s what;sie war ganz bei der Sache she was all attention ( oder quite absorbed);er war nicht (ganz) bei der Sache he had his mind on other things, he wasn’t (quite) concentrating;seiner Sache sicher sein be sure of oneself;sich seiner Sache sicher glauben think o.s. sure of one’s point;zur Sache! can we get to the point?;bleiben wir bei der Sache! let’s stick to the point;das tut nichts zur Sache that makes no difference;das kommt der Sache schon näher that’s more like it;das ist seine Sache that’s his business ( oder affair);das ist nicht meine Sache that’s got nothing to do with me;es ist eine Sache von Leben und Tod it’s a matter of life and death;Sachen gibt’s(, die gibt’s gar nicht) umg would you believe it allg;was machst du denn für Sachen? umg what have you been up to then?;du machst Sachen! umg the things you get up to!;3. JUR case;in Sachen A. gegen B. JUR in the matter of A versus B4.in Sachen Umwelt where the environment is concerned, in questions of the environment;was tut sich in Sachen Hausbau? how are things on the housebuilding front?;wie macht er sich in Sachen Schule? how’s he getting on at (US how’s he doing in) school?für eine gute/gerechte Sache kämpfen fight for a good cause/for the cause of justice;mit jemandem gemeinsame Sache machen make common cause with sb6. (Aufgabe) job;er versteht seine Sache he knows his stuff;sie hat ihre Sache gut gemacht she did a good job;etwas um der Sache willen tun do sth for its own sake;es ist Sache des Gerichts zu entscheiden, ob … it is for the court to decide whether …7.* * *die; Sache, Sachen1) Plural thingsscharfe Sachen trinken — drink the hard stuff (coll.)
2) (Angelegenheit) matter; business (esp. derog.)es ist beschlossene Sache, dass... — it's [all] arranged or settled that...
es ist die einfachste Sache [von] der Welt — it's the simplest thing in the world
[mit jemandem] gemeinsame Sache machen — join forces [with somebody]
[sich (Dat.)] seiner Sache sicher od. gewiss sein — be sure one is right
das tut nichts zur Sache — that's irrelevant; that's got nothing to do with it
3) (RechtsSache) case4) o. Pl. (Anliegen) cause* * *-n f.business n.case n.cause n.concern n.matter n.thing n. -
95 sache
f; -, -n1. (Gegenstand) thing; Sachen (Kleidung etc.) umg. allg. things; (Habseligkeiten) auch belongings; häng deine Sachen in den Schrank hang up you things in the cupboard (Am. closet); seine Sachen überall herumliegen lassen leave one’s things lying around all over the place; Gewalt gegen Sachen JUR. (violent) damage to property; warme Sachen für den Winter (warme Kleidung) warm things for the winter; süße Sachen (Süßigkeiten) sweet things, sweets; scharfe Sachen (Schnaps etc.) hard stuff Sg.2. (Angelegenheit) affair; (auch Vorfall) matter, business; (Problem, Frage) matter; das ist eine Sache für sich that’s a completely different matter; iro. that’s another story; ich werde der Sache nachgehen I’ll look into the matter; bei der Sache bleiben keep to the point; das gehört nicht zur Sache that’s got nothing to do with it; die Sache ist... the thing is..., it’s like this...; die Sache ist die, dass... the point is that...; in eigener Sache sprechen speak on one’s own behalf; wie ist die Sache mit dem Auto ausgegangen? how did that business with the car turn out?; die Sache steht gut things are looking good; die Sache macht sich umg. things are ( oder it’s) coming along fine; das ist so eine Sache it’s not so easy; eine runde Sache a fine piece of work; ich mag keine halben Sachen I don’t like (any) half measures; das ist eine tolle / blöde Sache umg. that’s fantastic / a stupid business; ich habe die ganze Sache ( gründlich) satt I’m sick (and tired) of the whole business; die einfachste / natürlichste Sache der Welt the simplest / most natural thing in the world; das ist nicht jedermanns Sache that’s not for everybody, that’s not everybody’s cup of tea; jemandem sagen, was Sache ist umg. (worauf es ankommt) put s.o. in the picture allg.; (die Meinung sagen) tell s.o. what’s what; sie war ganz bei der Sache she was all attention ( oder quite absorbed); er war nicht ( ganz) bei der Sache he had his mind on other things, he wasn’t (quite) concentrating; seiner Sache sicher sein be sure of oneself; sich seiner Sache sicher glauben think o.s. sure of one’s point; zur Sache kommen get to the point; (handeln) get down to business (brass tacks umg.); zur Sache! can we get to the point?; bleiben wir bei der Sache! let’s stick to the point; das tut nichts zur Sache that makes no difference; das kommt der Sache schon näher that’s more like it; das ist seine Sache that’s his business ( oder affair); das ist nicht meine Sache that’s got nothing to do with me; es ist eine Sache der Erziehung etc. it’s a matter of upbringing etc.; es ist eine Sache von Leben und Tod it’s a matter of life and death; es ist eine abgekartete Sache it’s a put-up job (Am. a scam oder setup) umg.; mach keine Sachen! umg., erstaunt: you’re kidding; warnend: no funny business; Sachen gibt’s(, die gibt’s gar nicht) umg. would you believe it allg.; was machst du denn für Sachen? umg. what have you been up to then?; du machst Sachen! umg. the things you get up to!; was höre ich denn für ( schöne) Sachen? what’s all this I’ve been hearing then?3. JUR. case; in Sachen A. gegen B. JUR. in the matter of A versus B4. in Sachen umg., fig. (bezüglich) with regard to, as to; in Sachen Umwelt where the environment is concerned, in questions of the environment; was tut sich in Sachen Hausbau? how are things on the housebuilding front?; wie macht er sich in Sachen Schule? how’s he getting on at (Am. how’s he doing in) school?5. (Ziel, Anliegen) cause; für eine gute / gerechte Sache kämpfen fight for a good cause / for the cause of justice; mit jemandem gemeinsame Sache machen make common cause with s.o.6. (Aufgabe) job; er versteht seine Sache he knows his stuff; sie hat ihre Sache gut gemacht she did a good job; etw. um der Sache willen tun do s.th. for its own sake; es ist Sache des Gerichts zu entscheiden, ob... it is for the court to decide whether...* * *die Sacheaffair; cause; business; concern; matter; thing* * *Sạ|che ['zaxə]f -, -n1) thing; (= Gegenstand) object, thing; (JUR = Eigentum) article of propertyder Mensch wird zur Sache — man is reduced to or becomes an object
Sachen gibts(, die gibts gar nicht)! (inf) — would you credit it! (inf)
2) pl inf = Zeug) things pl; (JUR) propertyseine Sachen packen — to pack ones bags
eine Sache der Polizei/der Behörden — a matter for the police/authorities
es ist Sache der Polizei/der Behörden, das zu tun — it's up to the police/authorities or it's for the police/authorities to do that
das mit dem Präsidenten war eine unangenehme Sache — that was an unpleasant business with the president
das ist eine ganz tolle/unangenehme Sache — it's really fantastic/unpleasant
die Sache macht sich (inf) — things are coming along
das ist eine andere Sache — that's a different matter, that's a different kettle of fish (inf), that's a different cup of tea (US inf)
das ist meine/seine Sache — that's my/his affair or business
in eigener Sache — on one's own account
das ist nicht jedermanns Sache — it's not everyone's cup of tea (inf)
er versteht seine Sache — he knows what he's doing or what he's about (inf)
er macht seine Sache gut — he's doing very well; (beruflich) he's doing a good job
diese Frage können wir nicht hier mitbesprechen, das ist eine Sache für sich — we can't discuss this question now, it's a separate issue all to itself
und was hat deine Frau gesagt?/was meinen Sie zu diesen Streiks? – das ist eine Sache für sich — and what did your wife say?/what do you think about these strikes? – that's another story
das ist so eine Sache (inf) — it's a bit tricky, it's a bit of a problem
die Sache mit der Bank ist also geplatzt — so the bank job fell through
4) (= Vorfall) business, affairwas hat die Polizei zu der Sache gesagt? — what did the police say about it or about all this business?
die Sache hat geklappt/ist schiefgegangen — everything or it worked/went wrong
mach keine Sachen! (inf) — don't be daft (Brit inf) or silly!
eine Sache der Erziehung/des Geschmacks — a matter or question of education/taste
mehr kann ich zu der Sache nicht sagen — that's all I can say on the subject
um die Sache herumreden — to talk( all) round the subject
zur Sache! — let's get on with it; (Parl, Jur etc) come to the point!
zur Sache gehen (inf) — to come to the crunch (inf); (Sport) to get stuck in (inf)
seiner Sache sicher or gewiss sein — to be sure of one's ground
bei der Sache sein — to be with it (inf), to be on the ball (inf)
sie war nicht bei der Sache — her mind was elsewhere
bei der Sache bleiben — to keep one's mind on the job; (bei Diskussion) to keep to the point
6) (= Sachlage) things pl, no artso steht die Sache also — so that's the way things are
die Sache ist die, dass... — the thing is that...
7)* * *die1) (a thing or situation that must be done or dealt with: a difficult proposition.) proposition2) (an object; something that is not living: What do you use that thing for?) thing3) (any fact, quality, idea etc that one can think of or refer to: Music is a wonderful thing; I hope I haven't done the wrong thing; That was a stupid thing to do.) thing* * *Sa·che<-, -n>[ˈzaxə]fwarme \Sachen warm clothes [or nsing clothingbewegliche/unbewegliche \Sachen JUR personal property [or chattels] [or movables]/immovables [or things immovable]eingebrachte \Sache contributed itemherrenlose \Sache derelict property, res nulliusverbrauchbare \Sache consumablevertretbare \Sache fungibleich hatte mir die \Sache eigentlich anders vorgestellt in fact, I had imagined things differentlywie ist die \Sache mit dem Haus gelaufen? how did the house business turn out?die \Sache ist schiefgegangen everything went wrongdie \Sache steht gut things are looking gooddas ist so eine \Sache (fam) that's a bit tricky [or bit of a problem]das ist eine andere \Sache that's another matter [or something else]das ist eine \Sache des Geschmacks that's a matter of tastees ist eine \Sache seiner Abstammung it's a question of his origins▪ jds \Sache sein to be sb's affair [or business]eine aussichtslose \Sache a lost causebeschlossene \Sache sein to be [all] settled [or a foregone conclusion]in eigener \Sache on one's own behalfgeschäftliche \Sache business mattereine unangenehme \Sache an unpleasant affair [or business]um der \Sache willen for the love of it [or it's own sake]; s.a. Naturin \Sachen... in the matter of...in \Sachen Umwelt bleibt noch viel zu tun there is still a lot to be done where the environment is concernedin \Sachen [o in der \Sache] Meier gegen Müller in the case [of] [or form in re] Meier versus Müllereine \Sache verhandeln/vertreten/verweisen to hear/uphold/remit a casezur \Sache vernommen werden to be questioned [with regard to the matter itself]8. (Sachlage) factual situationdie \Sache ist die, dass... (es geht darum, dass...) the matter so far is that...; (einschränkend) the thing is [that]...bei der \Sache bleiben to keep to the pointneben der \Sache liegen (fam) to be beside the pointnichts zur \Sache tun to be irrelevant, to not matterzur \Sache kommen to come to the point9. (Aufgabe) jober macht seine \Sache gut he's doing well [or a good job]es ist \Sache der Polizei, den Schuldigen zu finden it's up to [or it's for] the police to find the guilty personkeine halben \Sachen machen to not do things by halves, to not deal in half-measuresseine \Sache verstehen to know what one is doing [or fam is aboutmach keine \Sachen! (fam: was du nicht sagst) [what] you don't say?; (tu das bloß nicht) don't be daft! famwas machst du bloß für \Sachen! (fam) the things you do!was sind denn das für \Sachen? what's going on here?das sind doch keine \Sachen! (fam) you shouldn't do that12.▶ bei der \Sache sein to be concentratinger war nicht bei der \Sache his mind was wanderinger war bei den Hausaufgaben nicht ganz bei der \Sache he didn't give his full attention to his homework▶ mit jdm gemeinsame \Sache machen to make common cause with sb▶ nicht jedermanns \Sache sein to be not everyone's cup of tea* * *die; Sache, Sachen1) Plural thingsscharfe Sachen trinken — drink the hard stuff (coll.)
2) (Angelegenheit) matter; business (esp. derog.)es ist beschlossene Sache, dass... — it's [all] arranged or settled that...
es ist die einfachste Sache [von] der Welt — it's the simplest thing in the world
[mit jemandem] gemeinsame Sache machen — join forces [with somebody]
[sich (Dat.)] seiner Sache sicher od. gewiss sein — be sure one is right
das tut nichts zur Sache — that's irrelevant; that's got nothing to do with it
3) (RechtsSache) case4) o. Pl. (Anliegen) cause* * *…sache f im subst1. Begründung:Charaktersache matter ( oder question) of character;Einstellungssache matter ( oder question) of attitude2. Zuständigkeit:Frauensache women’s business;Ministersache ministerial matter;Regierungssache government matter* * *die; Sache, Sachen1) Plural thingsscharfe Sachen trinken — drink the hard stuff (coll.)
2) (Angelegenheit) matter; business (esp. derog.)es ist beschlossene Sache, dass... — it's [all] arranged or settled that...
es ist die einfachste Sache [von] der Welt — it's the simplest thing in the world
[mit jemandem] gemeinsame Sache machen — join forces [with somebody]
[sich (Dat.)] seiner Sache sicher od. gewiss sein — be sure one is right
das tut nichts zur Sache — that's irrelevant; that's got nothing to do with it
3) (RechtsSache) case4) o. Pl. (Anliegen) cause* * *-n f.business n.case n.cause n.concern n.matter n.thing n. -
96 ὁ
ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,A demonstr. Pronoun.B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dualτοῖιν Od.18.34
, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ;οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404
(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ;τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11
;τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18
;τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e
;τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e
;τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75
(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484,ταῖν Lys.19.17
, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., (Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun,αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105
;τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186
, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it,ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12
, al.III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ;θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43
, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter, the former,Pl.
Prt. 359e, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts,ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595
;τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d
, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition,ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28
, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ;πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c
; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg.,ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6
: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν orὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317
-19, cf. 116 ;τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102
, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. ;τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b
;οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a
, etc.3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite,ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41
;νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c
, cf. Phlb. 13c.4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a correspondingὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3
, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. byἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304
; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ;τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843
, etc. ;ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205
(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf.μέν D.
III ;γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d
, cf. Tht. 181d.6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause,τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491
;τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3
, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87
;ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6
: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν andδέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417
;ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439
;οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e
.VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v.ὅς A.
II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc.,καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt.,καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61
, al.2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such,τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b
: but mostly in acc.,καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23
, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ;τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141
, cf. 9.68 ;τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243
; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, , cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.;τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53
; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.VIII abs. usages of single cases,1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose,τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12
.b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ;τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46
; :—only poet.c of Manner, in this way, thus,Od.
8.510.d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: withoutμέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48
.e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose,τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d
, Sph. 230b.b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6),τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37
;τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89
; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; alsoτὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14
;τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90
: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause,τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107
,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.;ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32
, cf. A.Eu. 462 ;τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59
.c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs.,ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90
, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.;ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71
; : in late Prose, also with Positives,ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47
codd.; withπάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19
, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., the hindmost man,Il.
11.178 ;τὸν ἄριστον 17.80
;τὸν δύστηνον 22.59
;τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325
; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also inτῶν ἄλλων 2.674
, al.: with Advs.,τὸ πρίν 24.543
, al.;τὸ πάρος περ 17.720
;τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583
; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ;τὰ πρῶτα 1.6
,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ;ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559
.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron.,τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5
; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; .b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type,οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109
;πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242
, etc.b freq. with abstract Nouns,ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45
, etc.3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.;τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148
; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ;τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b
;ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ;ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8
;τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8
: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.7 before Prons.,a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., ,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ; ; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., that sort of person,X.
Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art.,τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13
.8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6,πολύς 11.3
, etc.II elliptic expressions:1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers.,τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48
. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, asτὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86
; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν;ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52
; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., asκἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266
, cf.[315] (lyr.);ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412
(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ;τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731
.C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, asκλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262
, cf. 1.300, al. ;Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526
(lyr.);Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86
; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets,ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3
, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., , Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.);τῷ S.Ph.14
; , Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg.τεῦ Il.18.192
(s.v.l.).D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ. -
97 возражать
гл.Русский глагол возражать используется в ситуациях с разными условиями и причинами для возражения. В отличие от него английские эквиваленты конкретизированы и предполагают разные причины и разный характер возражений.1. to object — возражать, выступать с возражениями ( обыкновенно приводя свои доводы и аргументы): to object to smth — возражать против чего-либо Your plan is fairly reasonable, I don't think any one will object. — У Вас вполне разумный план, я думаю, никто возражать не станет/не будет. Mother objects to my going to the cinema alone, she says I'm too young. — Мама возражает против того, чтобы я одна пошла в кино, она говорит, что я еще слишком мала.2. to mind — возражать, быть против (глагол mind употребляется, как правило, в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях и предполагает отказ в просьбе, разрешении, несогласие): Do you mind my opening the window? — Вы не возражаете, если я открою окно? Why did you take my hat without asking? — Oh, sorry, I didn't think you would mind. — Почему ты взял без спросу мою шляпу? — Извини, я думал, ты не будешь возражать.3. to be against — возражать, быть против: Your plan passed almost unanimously, there was only one vote against it. — Твой план был принят почти единогласно, был только один голос против. A walking tour is a good idea, but I'm against it in this awful weather. — Идея похода неплоха, но я против него в такую ужасную погоду.4. to retort — выбирать, предпочитать, предпочесть: to choose smth. smb — выбирать что-либо, кого-либо She chose that house because she liked the garden. — Она выбрала тот дом, потому что ей понравился сад. Why did you choose such a bright colour? — Почему вы выбрали такой яркий цвет? This story had been chosen from a collection of stories from the Middle East. — Этот рассказ был выбран из сборника рассказов Среднего Востока. You can choose whether to be paid by cheque or in cash. — Вы можете выбрать, как вам заплатить: чеком или наличными. We had to choose between leaving early or paying for a taxi. — Нам пришлось выбирать: выезжать рано или платить за такси. I can't decide which of these vases to buy — I'll let you choose. — Я не могу решить, какую из этих ваз купить, предоставлю выбор тебе. The board of directors was criticized for choosing someone who had no experience in legal matters. — Совет директоров критиковали за то, что они выбрали на эту должность человека без опыта в юридических вопросах. Choosing a suitable actress to play this part will be difficult. — Трудно будет подобрать подходящую актрису на эту роль. You may act as you choose. — Можете поступать так как захотите./Делайте по собственному выбору.2. to select — выбирать (выбирать, долго не раздумывая, или выбрать то, что больше по вкусу): Не held out a pack of cards: «Pick out a card, go on, any card». — Он протянул колоду карт: «Выбери любую карту». You have picked out a bad time for a pay rise — the boss has just crashed his car on the way to work. — Ты выбрал неудачный момент, чтобы попросить о повышении жалования — босс только что разбил свою машину по дороге на работу. The names had been picked out at random from a telephone book. — Были выбраны случайные фамилии из телефонной книги. The editor looked through the file, picking the best models out. — Редактор просмотрел весь файл и выбрал лучшие модели. There's a whole rack of clothes, why don't you pick something out. — Там на вешалке полно одежды, выбери себе что-нибудь. Не looked through the guide and picked out a few exhibitions to sec while he was in town. — Он просмотрел путеводитель и выбрал несколько выставок, которые хотел бы посетить, пока он в городе.4. to make/to have one's choice — выбирать, сделать выбор, остановить свой выбор (на чем-либо): You are going to have/to make a choice, which dress you prefer. — Вы должны выбрать, которое платье вам больше идет./Вы должны остановить свой выбор на каком-либо платье. То leave her family or to stay in an unhappy marriage was a difficult decision, but she had made her choice. — Оставить свою семью или продолжать жить в несчастливом браке — трудно решить, но она сделала свой выбор. Before you can make the right choice which course to follow you need a lot more information. — Прежде чем правильно выбрать, каким курсом следовать, вам надо получить более полную информацию. You have a choice, you can go to University now or wait till next September. — У вас есть выбор: вы можете начать учиться в университете сейчас или подождать до следующего сентября. If I had a choice, I would work part time, but 1 just can't afford to. — Если бы у меня был выбор, « бы работала неполную неделю, но сейчас я не могу себе этого позволить. On Wednesday afternoon the children have a choice between sports and art. — В среду вечером у детей есть выбор: они могут заниматься спортом или рисованием.5. to single out — выбирать, выделять, отбирать ( кого-либо из группы людей при внимательном обсуждении): Kate was often singled out for punishment. — Из всей группы наказывали чаще всего Катю. Whom would you single out as a most promising student of the year? — Кого вы выберете самым успешным студентом года?/Кого вы выдвинете, как самого успешного студента года? The reporter singled out Mr. Clark for special criticism. — Докладчик выбрал мистера Кларка в качестве объекта особой критики. Не was singled out to represent the school. — Его выбрали представлять школу. They singled him out as an example. — Его поставили в пример.6. to sort out — выбирать, разбирать, раскладывать (отделять одно от другого; выбрать нужное среди возможных вариантов; распределять что-либо или кого-либо по группам): Sort things out according to size. — Сортировать предметы по размеру. Can you sort out the unsigned letters? — Ты можешь отобрать письма, на которых нет подписи?/Ты можешь отобрать письма без подписи? Things will sort themselves out. — Все как-нибудь само собой образуется. The child was busy sorting out stamps. — Ребенок разбирал марки./Ребенок сортировал марки. I need to sort out the mess on my desk. — Мне надо разобраться у себя на письменном столе./Мне надо навести порядок у себя на письменном столе. I've managed to sort the newspapers out. — Мне, наконец, удалось разобрать газеты. Investigators are still trying to sort out why the accident happened. — Следователи все еще разбираются в причинах катастрофы/аварии. This matter could be sorted out if they sat down and talked. — Этот вопрос мог бы быть решен, если бы они начали переговоры./Выход из этого мог бы быть найден, если бы они сели за переговоры.7. to elect — выбирать, избирать (выбирать путем голосования кого-либо в качестве представителя какой-либо группы людей или организации): Every nation should have a right to elect their own government. — У каждой нации должно быть право избирать свое собственное правительство. The Council is elected by popular vote. — Совет избирается всенарод -
98 design
A n2 (planning, development) (of object, appliance) conception f ; (of building, room) agencement m ; ( of clothing) création f ;3 (drawing, plan) ( detailed) plan m (for de) ; ( sketch) croquis m (for de) ; ( for dress) croquis m ;4 (model, completed object) modèle m ; this car is a very modern design cette voiture est un modèle très moderne ; this season's new designs les nouveaux modèles de cette saison ; an exclusive design by Nino Fashn une création originale de Nino ;5 ( art of designing) gen design m ; ( fashion) stylisme m ; to study design étudier le design ; ⇒ interior design etc ;7 ( intention) dessein m (to do de faire) ; by design à dessein ; to have designs on avoir des vues fpl or des visées fpl sur [job, title, car] ; to have (evil) designs on sb/sth avoir des vues (mal intentionnées) sur qn/qch.B vtr1 (conceive, plan out) concevoir [object, appliance, building, garment, experiment, course] ; well/badly designed bien/mal conçu ;2 ( intend) to be designed for sth/to do ( destined for) être destiné à qch/à faire ; ( made for) être conçu pour qch/pour faire ; a course designed for foreign students un cours conçu pour or destiné aux étudiants étrangers ; a track designed for the use of cyclists une piste destinée aux cyclistes ; a bowl designed to hold four litres/for the microwave un bol prévu or fait pour contenir quatre litres/pour le micro-onde ; to be designed as ( for particular purpose) être prévu or conçu comme ; ( in the style of) représenter, être conçu comme ;3 ( draw plan for) [draughtsman] dessiner le patron de [garment] ; [designer, stylist] créer [costume, garment, wardrobe] ; dessiner or faire les plans de [building, bridge, object, appliance]. -
99 draw
A n2 ( tie) ( in match) match m nul ; it was a draw ( in match) ils ont fait match nul ; ( in race) ils sont arrivés ex aequo ;3 ( attraction) (person, film, event, place) attraction f ; Bob Dylan was the big draw Bob Dylan était la grande attraction ;4 (on cigarette, pipe) bouffée f ;1 ( on paper etc) faire [picture, plan, portrait, sketch, cartoon] ; dessiner [person, face, object, diagram] ; tracer [line, circle, square] ; to draw a picture lit faire un dessin, dessiner ; to draw (a picture of) a boat dessiner un bateau ; to draw a map ( giving directions) faire un plan ; ( in school) dessiner une carte ; to draw sb sth, to draw sth for sb faire qch à qn [picture, plan, cartoon, sketch] ; dessiner qch à qn [person, face, object, diagram] ;3 ( pull) [animal, car, engine] tirer [object, cart, rope, plough] ; [machine, suction] aspirer [liquid, gas] ; to draw a plough along tirer une charrue ; the water is drawn along the pipe l'eau est aspirée dans le tuyau ; I drew the book towards me j'ai tiré le livre vers moi ; he drew the child towards him il a attiré l'enfant vers lui ; to draw a bolt/the curtains tirer un verrou/les rideaux ; I drew the string as tight as I could j'ai tiré sur la ficelle aussi fort que j'ai pu ; she drew a ten pound note from her purse elle a tiré un billet de dix livres de son porte-monnaie ; he drew his finger along the shelf il a passé un doigt sur l'étagère ; to draw a handkerchief across one's forehead/a comb through ones' hair se passer un mouchoir sur le front/un peigne dans les cheveux ; she drew his arm through hers elle a passé son bras sous le sien ; she drew her shawl round her shoulders elle a resserré son châle autour de ses épaules ; to draw water from a well tirer de l'eau d'un puits ; to draw a pint of beer ≈ tirer un demi-litre de bière à la pression ; to draw blood lit provoquer un saignement ; to draw a bow bander un arc ;4 ( derive) tirer [conclusion] (from de) ; I drew comfort from the fact that/from doing cela m'a un peu réconforté de savoir que/de faire ; to draw a lesson/a moral from sth tirer une leçon/une morale de qch ; to draw inspiration from sth puiser de l'inspiration dans qch ; he drew hope/encouragement from this cela lui a donné de l'espoir/du courage ; to be drawn from [energy, information] provenir de ; his friends/our readers are drawn from all walks of life ses amis/nos lecteurs viennent de tous les horizons ;5 ( cause to talk) faire parler [person] (about, on de) ; I'd hoped she'd tell me, but she wouldn't be drawn ou she refused to be drawn j'avais espéré qu'elle me le dirait, mais elle a refusé de parler ; to draw sth from ou out of sb obtenir qch de qn [information] ; faire dire or arracher qch à qn [truth] ; she drew tears of laughter from the audience elle a fait rire son public aux larmes ; I managed to draw a smile from him j'ai réussi à lui arracher un sourire ;6 ( attract) [person, event, film] attirer [crowd, person] (to vers) ; susciter [reaction, criticism, praise, interest] ; the idea drew much criticism from both sides/from the experts l'idée a suscité de nombreuses critiques des deux côtés/chez les experts ; the course draws students from all over the world le cours attire des étudiants du monde entier ; his speech drew great applause son discours a soulevé des applaudissements ; to draw sb's attention to sth attirer l'attention de qn sur qch ; to draw attention to oneself attirer l'attention sur soi ; to feel drawn to sb se sentir attiré vers qn ; to draw sb to attirer qn vers [person, religion] ; pousser qn vers [profession] ; the sound of the explosion drew her to the window le bruit de l'explosion l'a attirée à la fenêtre ; to draw sb into mêler qn à [conversation] ; entraîner qn dans [argument, battle] ; I'm not going to be drawn into an argument with you je ne vais pas me laisser entraîner dans une dispute avec toi ; they were drawn together by their love of animals leur amour des animaux les a rapprochés ; to draw the enemy fire offrir un cible au feu ennemi ; I'll draw their fire je ferai diversion ;7 Fin ( take out) retirer [money] (from de) ; tirer [cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note] (on sur) ; ( receive) toucher [wages, pension] ;8 Games ( choose at random) tirer [qch] au sort [name, ticket, winner] ; they asked him to draw the winner (out of the hat) ils lui ont demandé de tirer au sort le gagnant ; to draw a winning ticket [competitor] tirer un billet gagnant ; Italy has been drawn against Spain ou to play Spain le tirage au sort a désigné l'Italie comme adversaire de l'Espagne ; Jones drew Smith in the first round le tirage au sort a désigné Smith comme adversaire de Jones au premier tour ;9 Sport to draw a match faire match nul ;10 (remove, pull out) extraire [tooth] ; retirer, enlever [thorn, splinter, sting] (from de) ; retirer [cork] (from de) ; dégainer, sortir [sword, dagger] ; sortir [knife, gun] ; tirer [card] ; to draw a gun on sb sortir un pistolet et le braquer sur qn ; to draw a knife on sb sortir un couteau pour en menacer qn ; with drawn sword l'épée dégainée ;12 Hunt suivre la voie de [animal] ;13 Games to draw trumps tirer ses atouts ;14 Tech étirer [wire, metal, glass] ;15 Naut the ship draws six metres le navire a un tirant d'eau de six mètres ;16 † ( run) faire couler [bath].1 ( make picture) dessiner ; he draws very well il dessine très bien ; to draw round ou around sth dessiner en suivant les contours de [hand, template] ;2 ( move) to draw ahead (of sth/sb) lit [vehicle, person] gagner du terrain (sur qch/qn) ; fig [person, company] prendre de l'avance (sur qch/qn) ; to draw alongside [boat] accoster ; the car drew alongside the lorry la voiture s'est mise à côté du camion ; to draw close ou near [time, date, ordeal] approcher ; the time/day is drawing close when… l'heure/le jour approche où… ; they drew nearer to listen ils se sont rapprochés pour écouter ; to draw into [bus] arriver à [station] ; the train drew into the station le train est entré en gare ; to draw level se retrouver au même niveau ; to draw level with the other athletes ( in score) se retrouver au même niveau que les autres athlètes ; ( in race) rattraper les autres athlètes ; to draw over [vehicle] ( stop) se ranger ; ( still moving) se rabattre vers le bas-côté ; the lorry drew over to the right-hand side of the road le camion s'est rangé sur la voie de droite ; to draw to one side [person] s'écarter ; to draw round ou around [people] se rassembler ; they drew round the teacher ils se sont rassemblés autour du professeur ; to draw to a halt s'arrêter ; to draw to a close ou an end [day, event, life] toucher à sa fin ;3 gen, Sport ( in match) [teams] faire match nul ; ( finish at same time in race) [runners, racers] arriver ex aequo ; (finish equal, with same points) se retrouver ex aequo ; they drew for second place ils sont arrivés deuxièmes ex aequo ; X drew with Y ( in match) X a fait match nul avec Y ; ( in race) X est arrivé ex aequo avec Y ;4 ( choose at random) to draw for sth tirer qch (au sort) ; they drew for partners ils ont tiré leurs partenaires (au sort) ;5 [chimney, pipe] tirer ; [pump, vacuum cleaner] aspirer ; to draw on ou at one's pipe/cigarette tirer sur sa pipe/sa cigarette ;6 [tea] infuser.to be quick/slow on the draw ○ ( in understanding) avoir l'esprit vif/lent ; ( in replying) avoir/ne pas avoir la repartie facile ; [cowboy] dégainer/ne pas dégainer vite ; to beat sb to the draw [rival, competitor] devancer qn ; [cowboy] dégainer plus vite que qn ; to draw the line fixer des limites ; you've got to draw the line somewhere il faut savoir fixer des limites ; to draw the line at doing se refuser à faire ; she drew the line at blackmail elle se refusait à faire du chantage ; I draw the line at violence je n'irai pas jusqu'à la violence ; the union agreed to longer working hours but drew the line at wage cuts le syndicat a accepté une augmentation des heures de travail mais a refusé une baisse des salaires.■ draw apart:▶ draw apart [two people] se séparer ; the land masses drew apart les masses de terre se sont éloignées les unes des autres.■ draw aside:▶ draw [sth] aside, draw aside [sth] écarter [curtain, screen, object] ;▶ draw [sb] aside prendre qn à part.■ draw away:▶ draw away [vehicle, train, person] ( move off) s'éloigner (from de) ; ( move ahead) prendre de l'avance (from sur) ; [person] (move away, recoil) avoir un mouvement de recul ;▶ draw [sth] away, draw away [sth] retirer [hand, foot] ; draw the chair away from the fire éloigne la chaise du feu ;▶ draw [sb] away from éloigner qn de [fire, scene] ; distraire qn de [book, task].■ draw back:▶ draw back (move back, recoil) reculer ;▶ draw [sth] back, draw back [sth] ouvrir [curtains] ; [person] retirer [hand, foot] ;▶ draw [sb] back, draw back [sb] faire revenir [person] ; the company will have difficulty drawing its customers back la société aura du mal à récupérer ses clients.■ draw down:▶ draw [sth] down, draw down [sth] baisser [blind, screen, veil].■ draw in:▶ draw in1 [days] raccourcir ; the nights are drawing in les jours raccourcissent ;▶ draw [sth] in, draw in [sth]2 tirer sur [reins, rope, lead] ; rentrer [stomach, claws] ;3 ( suck in) [person] aspirer [air] ; [pump, machine] aspirer [liquid, gas, air] ; to draw in one's breath inspirer ;4 ( attract) attirer [people, funds].■ draw off:▶ draw [sth] off, draw off [sth] tirer [beer, water] ; Med évacuer [fluid] ; retirer, ôter [gloves].■ draw on:▶ draw on ( approach) [time, date, season] approcher ; ( pass) [time] passer ; [evening, day, season] (s')avancer ;▶ draw on [sth] puiser dans, exploiter [skills, strength, reserves, savings] ; in her novels she draws on childhood memories pour écrire ses romans elle s'inspire de ses souvenirs d'enfance ; the report draws on information from… le rapport tire des informations de… ; to draw on one's experience faire appel à son expérience ;▶ draw on [sth], draw [sth] on enfiler [gloves, shoes, garment].■ draw out:▶ draw out1 ( leave) [train, bus] partir ; the train drew out of the station le train a quitté la gare ; a car drew out in front of me une voiture a déboîté devant moi ;▶ draw [sth] out, draw out [sth]1 gen tirer [handkerchief, purse, cigarette, knife] (from, out of de) ; retirer [splinter, nail, cork] (from, out of de) ; extraire [tooth] ; aspirer [liquid, air] ;2 Fin retirer [cash, money, balance] ;3 ( cause to last longer) faire durer [meeting, speech, meal] ; ( unnecessarily) faire traîner [meeting, speech, meal] ;4 ( extract) obtenir [information, confession] ; ( using force) soutirer [information, confession] ; they managed to draw a confession out of him ils ont réussi à lui soutirer des aveux ;▶ draw [sb] out ( make less shy) faire sortir [qn] de sa coquille ; I managed to draw him out of his silence j'ai réussi à le sortir de son silence ; I drew the old man out about the war j'ai fait parler le vieil homme de la guerre.■ draw up:▶ draw up [sth], draw [sth] up1 établir [contract, criteria, budget, programme, proposals, questionnaire] ; dresser, établir [list, inventory, plan] ; rédiger, établir [report] ; faire [will] ;2 ( pull upwards) hisser [bucket] ;3 ( bring) approcher [chair, stool] (to de) ;4 ( gather up) tirer sur [thread, drawstring] ;▶ draw oneself up se redresser ; she drew herself up to her full height elle s'est redressée de toute sa hauteur. -
100 article
1) (a thing or an object: This shop sells articles of all kinds; articles of clothing.) artículo2) (a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine: He has written an article on the new sports centre for a local magazine.) artículo3) (the (the definite article) or a/an (the indefinite article).) artículoarticle n artículotr['ɑːtɪkəl]1 artículo2 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL artículo1 contrato de aprendizaje\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be articled to a firm of solicitors ser abogado,-a en prácticas con un gabinete de abogadosarticle of clothing prenda de vestirdefinite article artículo determinadoindefinite article artículo indeterminadoleading article editorial nombre masculinoarticle ['ɑrtɪkəl] n1) item: artículo m, objeto m2) essay: artículo m3) clause: artículo m, cláusula f4) : artículo mdefinite article: artículo determinadon.• artículo (Jurisprudencia) s.m.• efecto s.m.• objeto s.m.• reportaje s.m.v.• escriturar v.'ɑːrtɪkəl, 'ɑːtɪkəl1) (thing, item) artículo m, objeto mthis is malt whisky, the genuine article — esto es auténtico whisky de malta
2) (in newspaper, encyclopedia) artículo m3) ( Ling) artículo m4) articles pl ( apprenticeship) (no art) aprendizaje m['ɑːtɪkl]1. N1) (=item, product) artículo m ; (=object) objeto m, cosa farticles of value — objetos mpl de valor
articles of clothing — prendas fpl de vestir
3) (Ling) artículo mdefinite/indefinite article — artículo m definido/indefinido, artículo m determinado/indeterminado
4) (Admin, Jur) artículo m, cláusula f2.VT(Brit)3.CPDarticle of faith N — artículo m de fe
article of partnership N — contrato m de asociación
articles of apprenticeship NPL — (Brit) contrato msing de aprendizaje
articles of association NPL — (Comm) estatutos mpl sociales
articles of war NPL — (US) (Mil Hist) código msing militar
* * *['ɑːrtɪkəl, 'ɑːtɪkəl]1) (thing, item) artículo m, objeto mthis is malt whisky, the genuine article — esto es auténtico whisky de malta
2) (in newspaper, encyclopedia) artículo m3) ( Ling) artículo m4) articles pl ( apprenticeship) (no art) aprendizaje m
См. также в других словарях:
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Art contemporain africain — L’art contemporain africain, très dynamique, s inspire aussi bien des traditions du continent que, et c est de plus en plus le cas, des réalités urbaines contemporaines d une Afrique en mutation, qui se cherche encore une identité. Les techniques … Wikipédia en Français
art work — Synonyms and related words: art object, brainchild, bric a brac, classic, composition, creation, design, grotesque, kitsch, master, masterpiece, masterwork, mobile, museum piece, nude, old master, pasticcio, pastiche, piece, piece of virtu,… … Moby Thesaurus