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41 δύσγαμος
δύσγᾰμ-ος, ον,A ill-wedded,γάμοι δ. E.Ph. 1047
(lyr.);ῥυστάγματα Lyc.1089
, cf. Paul.Al.N.2; δύσγαμον αἶσχος ἑλών, of Menelaus, E. Tr. 1114;χελιδών Luc. Trag.49
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δύσγαμος
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42 δυσόφθαλμος
δῠσ-όφθαλμος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δυσόφθαλμος
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43 κάλλος
A beauty, esp. of body, Il.9.130, 20.235, etc.; ;κάλλεϊ καὶ Χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237
;περί τ' ἀμφί τε κ. ἄητο h.Cer. 276
: in a concrete sense, as though external to the body,κάλλεϊ μέν οἱ πρῶτα προσώπατα καλὰ κάθηρεν ἀμβροσίῳ, οἵῳ Κυθέρεια Χρίεται Od.18.192
: freq. i<*> Trag. and Prose,γυναῖκε.. κάλλει ἀμώμω A.Pers. 185
;κ. σώματος Democr.105
; opp. αἶσχος, Pl.Smp. 201a: in a general sense,τῶν ἔργων τῷ μεγέθει καὶ τῷ κάλλει Χαλεπὸν ἐξισῶσαι τοὺς ἐπαίνους Isoc.12.36
;Χώρη κάλλεϊ καὶ ἀρετῇ μέγα ὑπερφέρουσα Hdt.8.144
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 157e, D.S.1.30; of ships, Th.[3.17];ἀρετὴ ἂν εἴη κ. ψυχῆς Pl.R. 444d
; τὸ τῶν μαθημάτων κ. Id.Grg. 475a; ἐς κάλλος with an eye to beauty, so as to set off her beauty, E.El. 1073; οὐ γὰρ ἐς κ. τύχας δαίμων δίδωσιν so as to regard beauty or show, Id.Tr. 1201; ὁ εἰς κ. βίος, opp. αἰσχρουργία, X. Ages.9.1;ἐς κ. ζῆν Id.Cyr.8.1.33
; but ἐς κ. κυνηγετεῖν hunt for pleasure, Arr.Cyn.25.9: in pl., σωμάτων κάλλη, opp. ψυχῶν ἀρετή, Pl. Criti. 112e.2 concrete, of persons,κ. κακῶν ὕπουλον S.OT 1396
; of a bird, Clitarch.21 J. codd.; mostly of women, a beauty,τὴν θυγατέρα, δεινόν τι κάλλος καὶ μέγεθος X.Cyr.5.2.7
;Γαλάτεια, κάλλος Ἐρώτων Philox.8
(nisi leg. θάλος); Ἑλένη καὶ Λήδα καὶ ὅλως τὰ ἀρχαῖα κάλλη Luc.DMort.18.1
, cf. Im.2.3 in pl., beautiful things, as garments and stuffs,ἐν ποικίλοις.. κάλλεσιν βαίνειν A.Ag. 923
; βάπτειν τὰ κ. Eup.333, cf. Pl.Phd. 110a, Poll.7.63, Hsch. s.v.;κυπαρίττων ὕψη καὶ κάλλη Pl.Lg. 625c
;μεγέθεσιν κάλλεσίν τε ἔργων Id.Criti. 115d
, etc.; τὰ κ. τῆς ἑρμηνείας beauties of style, Longin.5.1 (also in sg., τὸ κ. τῆς ἑρμ. D.H.Comp.3); κάλλεα κηροῦ beautiful works of wax, i.e. honeycombs, AP9.363.15 (Mel.); ; κ. οἰκοδομημάτων, = καλὰ οἰκοδομήματα, Plu.2.409a, cf. 935a, D.C.65.15. -
44 καταχέω
καταχέω, Il.6.496 (tm.), al.: [tense] aor. 1 κατέχεα, [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. κατέχευα (v. infr.):—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor. 1Aκατεχεύατο Call.Hec.1.1.11
; inf. -χέασθαι Hdt.1.50
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. κατακέχυμαι Orac. ap. Hdt.7.140 (tm.): [tense] aor. - εχύθην E.Hipp. 854 (lyr.): [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor.[voice] Pass. (freq.in tm.) κατέχυτο, κατέχυντο, Il.20.282, Od.12.411, h.Ven. 228:—pour down upon, pour over, c. dat.,κὰδ δέ οἱ ὕδωρ χεῦαν Il.14.435
; soἥ ῥά οἱ ἀχλὺν θεσπεσίην κατέχευε Od.7.42
; ;τῷ γε χάριν κατέχευεν' Ἀθήνη Od.2.12
, etc.;σφιν.. πλοῦτον κατέχευε Κρονίων Il.2.670
;μὴ σφῶϊν ἐλεγχείην καταχεύῃ 23.408
, cf. Od.14.38;οἷ.. κατ' αἶσχος ἔχευε 11.433
; ;νεφέλαν κρατὶ κατέχευας Pi.P.1.8
; ἀντιπάλοις φόνον Epigr. ap. Plu. Marc.30:—[voice] Pass.,κὰδ δ' ἄχος οἱ χύτο ὀφθαλμοῖσι Il.20.282
; κατὰ.. ὀρόφοισιν αἷμα.. κέχυται Orac. ap. Hdt. l. c.; δάκρυσι βλέφαρα-χυθέντα E.l.c.;οἱ -χυθέντες J.BJ3.7.29
:—also [voice] Act. c. gen., rarely in Hom.,ὅς σφωϊν.. ἔλαιον χαιτάων κατέχευε Il.23.282
, cf. 765: freq. later,καταχέουσι αἷμα τοῦ ἀκινάκεος Hdt.4.62
;κατάχει σὺ τῆς χορδῆς τὸ μέλι Ar.Ach. 1040
; ἔτνος τοὐλατῆρος ib. 246;τοῦ δήμου καταχεῖν.. πλουθυγίειαν Id.Eq. 1091
;ἵππερόν μου κατέχεεν τῶν χρημάτων Id.Nu.74
, cf. Pl. 790;βλασφημίαν τῶν ἱερῶν κ. Pl.Lg.8o
od; alsoκὰδ δὲ χευάτω μύρον.. κὰτ τὼ στήθεος Alc.36
, cf. Pl.R. 398a:—[voice] Med., κατὰ τῶν ἱματίων καταχεόμενοι [ ἄκρατον] letting it be poured over.., Id.Lg. 637e:— [voice] Pass., .2simply, pour, shower down, χιόνα, νιφάδας ἐπὶ χθονί, Od.19.206, Il.12.158;ψιάδας κ. ἔραζε 16.459
; so ;κατὰ δ' ὕπνον ἔχευεν Od.11.245
:—[voice] Med., νότος.. χύσιν κατεχεύατο φύλλων Call.l.c.:—[voice] Pass.,ἴδρως κακχέεται Sapph.2.13
.b throw, cast down,θύσθλα χαμαὶ κατέχευαν Il.6.134
;κατὰ δ' ἡνία χεῦεν ἔραζε 17.619
; ὅπλα τε πάντα εἰς ἄντλον κατέχυνθ' Od.12.411; πέπλον μὲν.. κατέχευεν ἐπ' οὔδει let the robe fall upon the floor, Il.5.734;τεῖχος.. εἰς ἅλα πᾶν κ. 7.461
:—[voice] Med., Pl.Ti. 41d; χαίταν let fall, Call.Cer.5 c. metaph.,κοινολογίας.. ἡδονὴν -χεούσης Phld.D.3.14
.3 [voice] Pass., to be poured over the ground, be there in heaps,ὁ χῶρος, ἐν ᾧ αἱ ἄκανθαι [τῶν ὀφίων] κατακεχύαται Hdt.2.75
; of persons, to be spread, dispersed, Eun.Hist.p.239 D.II cause to flow, run, [χρυσὸν] ἐς πίθους τήξας κ. Hdt.3.96
:—[voice] Med., χρυσὸν καταχέασθαι to have it melted down, Id.1.50.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταχέω
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45 λώβη
λώβ-η, ἡ,A outrage, dishonour,αἶσχος λώβη τε 18.225
; λώβην λωβᾶσθαι (v. λωβάομαι) ; τείσετε λ. ye shall pay for the outrage, Il.11.142;ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἐμοὶ δόμεναι.. λ. 9.387
; but λ. τείσασθαι exact retribution for an outrage, i.e. avenge it, 19.208, Od.20.169, S.Aj. 181 (lyr.); ἐπὶ λώβᾳ for ruin or destruction, Id.Ant. 792 (lyr.), cf. E.Hec. 647 (lyr.);ὡς ἐπὶ λώβᾳ Id.HF 882
(lyr.);λ. καὶ διαφθορά Pl.Men. 91c
, etc.; esp. mutilation, maiming, Hdt.3.154: pl., S.Aj. 1392;λώβας λωβηθείς Pl.Grg. 473c
.2 of persons, a disgrace,λώβην τ' ἔμεναι καὶ ὑπόψιον Il.3.42
, cf. E.El. 165 (lyr.), Herod.7.95; ποιητῶν λῶβαι, of the Grammarians, AP11.322 (Antiphan.); οὐ γὰρ Ἀρκάδεσσι λώβα no insult to the Arcadians, Alc. 38.II a form of leprosy, Gal.14.757. -
46 μήκιστος
μήκιστος, η, ον, [dialect] Dor. [full] μάκιστος [pron. full] [ᾱ], the only form used by Trag.: irreg. [comp] Sup. of μακρός (formed from μῆκος, as αἴσχιστος from αἶσχος),2 greatest,μάκιστον σέλας A.Fr.281.1
;μείζονα [πηδήματα] τῶν μακίστων S.OT 1301
(anap.);τὰ μάκιστ' ἐμῶν κακῶν E.Hipp. 818
(lyr.);τὸ μήκιστον τεράων A.R.4.1364
.3 longest, in point of Time,ἐπὶ τὸ μήκιστον ἀνθρωπίνου αἰῶνος X.Ages.10.4
: neut. μήκιστον as Adv., for a very long time or in the highest degree, h.Cer.258 (s.v.l.); ὅτι δύνᾳ μάκιστον.. ἐξιδοῦ see to it as far as possible, S.Ph. 851 (lyr.); [full] τί νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται; what is to become of me at last? Od.5.299, 465; τὸ μ. at longest, Luc.Herm.50; ἐπὶ μ. for the longest time, Id.Demon.1.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μήκιστος
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47 οὗοἷἕ
οὗ, [full] οἷ, [full] ἕ,A FORMS: gen.ἕο Il.5.343
, al., εὗ v.l. in Od.19.446 (ap.A.D.Pron.76.15, etc.), al.,εἷο Il.4.400
, Od.22.19,ἑοῦ A.D.Pron. 77.10
; ἑο enclit., Od.14.461,εὑ Il.14.427
, al., Hdt.3.135; ἕθεν is another [dialect] Ep. form, Il.3.128,al. (used by A.Supp.66 (lyr.)), enclit. in Il. 9.686, al.;ϝέθεν Alc.11
; οὗ ἕθεν together, A.R.1.362, 4.1471; εἷο for ἐμοῦ, Id.2.635: [dialect] Att. οὗ, but rarely used, S.OT 1257, Pl.Smp. 174d, R. 393e, 614b: [dialect] Locr. ϝέος dub. in IG9(1).334.33 (v B. C.): [dialect] Boeot.ἑοῦς Corinn.2
: [dialect] Dor. ϝίο ( γίο cod.) Hsch.: late [dialect] Ep.ἑοῖο A.R.1.1032
(v.l. ἑεῖο): dat.οἷ Od.11.433
, al., enclit. in 1.17, al. (enclit. οἱ perh. as gen., Il.16.531, Archil.29, Hdt.1.60, 3.15, A.R.3.371, Theoc.25.66, cf.Sch. Il.19.384 andἐγώ 11
): Delph. ϝοι GDI 2561 D 14 (also [dialect] Aeol., Sapph. 111): [dialect] Att.οἷ Pl.Smp. 174e
, X.An.1.1.8, enclit. οἱ A.Ag. 1147 (lyr.), Th.2.13, al., Antipho 5.93, And.1.38, Pl.Phlb. 60d, al., X.Mem.1.2.32, etc.: ἑοῖ twice in Hom., Il.13.495, Od.4.38; ἑοῖ αὐτῇ used of the 1 pers., A.R.3.99: for ϝίν, ἵν, v. ἵ: [dialect] Boeot.ἑΐν Corinn.36
: acc.ἕ Il.4.497
, al., Pi.O.9.14, enclit.ἑ Il.1.236
, al., never in Trag., Com., Th., Hdt., or X., but found in Pl.Smp. 175a,al.; ἑέ twice in Hom., Il. 20.171, 24.134 (perh. with elision in 14.162, 17.551); ἑ as fem. pl., h.Ven. 267; ϝηέ dub. in GDI1267.23 ([place name] Pamphylia): for the forms σφε, μιν, νιν, ἵ, σφωέ, σφεῖς, v. sub vocc.B MEANINGS:I him, her,ἐπεί ἑό φημι βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι Il.15.165
;ἅλις δέ οἱ· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος ἐρρέτω· ἐκ γάρ εὑ φρένας εἵλετο μητίετα Ζεύς 9.376
-7; ;ἡ δέ οἱ κόμη ὤμους κατεσκίαζε Archil.29
, etc.: this use is not found in Prose, exc. in dialects, IG4.506 ([place name] Argos), 7.2407.7 ([dialect] Boeot.), Berl.Sitzb.1927.169 ([place name] Cyrene); ἀπέλαβε τήν οἱ ὁ πατὴρ εἶχε ἀρχήν his father, Hdt.3.15, cf. 4.50, al.II as ἐμέ can be used reflexively (αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐμὲ λύσομαι Il.10.378
), so also ἕ ([etym.] οὗ, οἷ), Ἀχιλῆα, ἕο μέγ' ἀμείνονα φῶτα, ἠτίμησεν Il.2.239
;ἡ δ' ἔξοχα λυγρὰ ἰδυῖα οἷ τε κατ' αἶσχος ἔχευε καὶ ἐσσομένῃσιν ὀπίσσω Od.11.433
;ἡ δὲ.. ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν Il.5.343
: later this reflex. sense is found only when the Pron. is used in a subordinate clause or construction (esp. acc. c. inf.) and refers to the subject of the principal Verb, e.g.προηγόρευε τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις.. ὅτι Ἀρχίδαμος μέν οἱ ξένος εἴη.. καὶ μηδεμίαν οἱ ὑποψίαν κατὰ ταῦτα γίγνεσθαι Th.2.13
.2 οὗ ἕ οἷ in combination with αὐτοῦ, αὐτόν, etc. forms a reflex. Pron. used without the foregoing restriction: in Hom. the two words are separate, e.g. , cf. 5.64, al.: later they form one word, v. ἑαυτοῦ. [ὅς 'ϝ' ἄξει, i.e. with elision of 'ϝέ, must be read or understood for ὃς ἄξει, Il.24.154, in view of ὅς σ' ἄξει in l. 183, and so prob. in 1.195 (cf. 208), 4.315 ([etym.] ὥς 'ϝ'), 16.545 ([etym.] μή 'ϝ'), Od.5.135 ([etym.] ἠδέ 'ϝ'): so ἔνθα 'ϝ (οι) ἔσαν is conjectured forἔνθ' ἔσαν οἱ Il.6.289
(cf. ἔνθα οἱἦσαν ὕες Od.15.556
), also ἀμφὶ δέ 'ϝ (οι) ὄσσε in Il.5.310: the elided acc. ϝ' is prob. to be recognized inδὸς δέ ϝ' ἰν ἀνθρο ¯ ποις δόξαν ἔχε ¯ ν ἀγαθ (ά) ν IG14.652
([place name] Metapontum), rather than ϝιν.] (ἕ from *swe, ἑέ from *sewe, cogn. with ὅς (Possess.) and ἑός, qq. v.) -
48 παραλλαλή
παραλλ-ᾰλή, ἡ,A passing from hand to hand, transmission,πυρὸς παραλλαγαί A.Ag. 490
; change of position, movement, τὸ τάχος τῆς π., of the sun's apparent motion, Str.17.3.10.b Astrol., of a heavenly body, passing beyond the degree occupied by another, Antioch.Astr.in Cat.Cod.Astr.8(3).113.2 alternation, μυῶν παραλλαγαὶ καὶ νεύρων their alternate movements, Hp.Art.30 ; παραλλαγὰς τοῖς ποσὶν ἐποίουν, of dancers, Critias 36.4 interchange, διανοίας πρὸς αἴσθησιν π. interchange of intellect and sense, putting one for the other, Pl.Tht. 196c; π. προσώπων, πτώσεως, A.D.Pron.110.3, Synt.214.9.II difference between things,ποιεῖν τινα π. εὐοσμίας καὶ ἀοσμίας Thphr.HP6.6.5
;μεγάλας τὰς π. ποιεῖσθαι περί τι Plb.6.7.5
; μεγάλην ἔχειν π. D.S.5.37, cf. Plot.3.1.5 ;ἡ π. βραχεῖα Phld.Po.2.5
;ἡ π. ἡ [τοῦ ἀνθρώπου] πρὸς τὰ ἄλογα Arr.Epict.2.8.3
; κάλλους πρὸς αἶσχος ib.2.23.32.III variety, variation, Thphr.HP2.3.2 ;μεγεθῶν Epicur.Ep.1p.15U.
(pl.), al., cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.3.182, Ep.Jac.1.17, Cleom.1.7 ;γραμμῶν καὶ γωνιῶν Theol.Ar.63
; change of meaning,παραλλαγῶν κατὰ σύμβολον γινομένων Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258
, cf. 3.33.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραλλαλή
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49 ἀμύμων
Aἀμύμωσιν Epigr.Gr.451
([place name] Trachonitis), dub. l. in IG14.1424: (cf. μῦμαρ· αἶσχος, ψόγος, Hsch.):— blameless, noble, excellent,οἶκος ὅδ' ἀφνειὸς καὶ ἀ. Od.1.232
; ἅμα κρατερὸς καὶ ἀ. ib. 3.111; in Hom. an honorary epithet or title even of Aegisthus, ib.1.29:—never of gods, for Aesculapius is ἀ. as a physician, Il.4.194; of a mortal nymph, 14.144. -
50 ἀνώδυνος
A free from pain,οἰδήματα Hp.Prog.7
, cf. D.Chr.32.57;τὸ ἓν ἀ. καὶ ἀνάλγητον Arist.Xen. 974a19
; of persons, S.Ph. 883; suffer less pain,Hp.
Prorrh.2.7; τὸ ἀνώδυνον, = ἀνωδυνία, Plu. 2.102d. Adv.ἀνωδύνως, τίκτεσθαι Hp.Coac. 527
, cf. Plu.Cic.2;ἰᾶσθαι D.Chr.41.9
: [comp] Sup.- ώτατα Hp.Acut.4
.2 causing no pain, harmless,τὸ μὴ φρονεῖν γὰρ κάρτ' ἀ. κακόν S.Aj. 554b
; ἁμάρτημα ἢ αἶσχος ἀ., definition of τὸ γελοῖον, Arist.Po. 1449a35. Adv.-ως, ἰάσασθαι τὴν πατρίδα Plu. Cleom.10
.II [voice] Act., allaying pain, Hp.Aph.5.22, Dsc.4.68 ([comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup.);φάρμακον ἀ.
anodyne,Plu.
2.614c:—the epitaph of a physician in IG14.1879 combines both signfs., πολλούς τε σώσας φαρμάκοις ἀνωδύνοις, ἀνώδυνον τὸ σῶμα νῦν ἔχει θανών.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνώδυνος
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51 ἐπαισχής
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπαισχής
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52 αἰσχύνω
αἰσχύνω ( αἶσχος), aor. ᾔσχῦνε, perf. pass. ᾐσχῦμμένος: I. act., disfigure, then disgrace, insult; ἀρετήν, ‘tarnish’ the fame of my prowess, Il. 23.571.—II. mid., be ashamed of, or to do or say anything disgraceful.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > αἰσχύνω
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53 δύςγαμος
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54 δυςόφθαλμον
δυς-όφθαλμον, αἶσχος, hässlich anzusehen -
55 ἀμύμων
ἀμύμων (ῡ)Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `blameless; noble. excellent' (Il.); never of gods.Dialectal forms: μῡμ- is prob. Aeol.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably]Etymology: To μῦμαρ αἶσχος, φόβος, ψόγος H., and μυμαρίζει γελοιάζει; probably Aeolic for μῶμαρ, μῶμος `blame' (s. v.). - ἀμύμων: μῦμαρ like ἀπείρων: πεῖραρ. Cognate with μῶμος (s.v.). - Heubeck Glotta 65 (1987) 37-44 derives the word from ἀμυ- \< * h₂mu- in ἀμεύσασθαι `surpass', i.e. `who surpasses others' (with metr. lengthened υ).Page in Frisk: 1,97Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμύμων
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56 ἔχθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `hatred, enmity' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member in φιλ-εχθής `who is prone to hate' (Theoc. 5, 137),.Derivatives: ἐχθρός `hated' (thus always in Hom.), `hateful', m. `enemy' (Hes., Pi.); with ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος (A. resp. Il.); ἔχθρα, ion. - ρη f. `hate, enmity' (Ion.-Att., Pi.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 226). - Verbs: ἔχθομαι, only present-stem, `be hated' (Od.), act. ἔχθω `hate' (trag.); ἀπ-εχθάνομαι (β 202), aor. ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Il.), fut. ἀπ-εχθήσομαι (Hdt.), late present ἀπ-έχθομαι (Theoc., Lyc.) `make oneself hated' with ἀπεχθής `hated' (S., D.), ἀπέχθεια `be hated, hate' (Att.), ἀπέχθημα `object of hate' (E. Tr. 425; cf. Chantraine Formation 177f.); ἐχθαίρω, aor. ἐχθῆραι, also with ἀπ-, ὑπερ-, συν-, `hate' (Il.); ἐχθραίνω, aor. ἐχθρᾶναι (X.) `be enemy, hate' with ἔχθρασμα ἔχθρα H.; ἐχθρεύω `be enemy' (LXX, Phld.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs-to- `outsider'Etymology: The relation of the words cited is not always clear. Clearly ἐχθραίνω and ἐχθρεύω are late derivations of ἐχθρός; much older ἐχθαίρω is also a denominative of ἐχθρός (Schwyzer 725). Also ἀπ-εχθάνομαι could with r:n-interchange be related to ἐχθρός (Benveniste Origines 16), though it could as well be a nasal enlargement of ἔχθομαι, ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Schwyzer 700, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 315f..). ἔχθομαι is acc. to Schwyzer 725 a backformation from ἐχθαίρω, but it is better connected to ἔχθος like σθένω to σθένος (Schwyzer 723). - More difficult is the interpretation of ἔχθος and ἐχθρός, for which cf. αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, κῦδος: κυδρός. If we start from ἐχθρός and consider ἔχθος with ἔχθομαι, ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος as innovations, perhaps after κυδρός, κυδίων, κύδιστος, τὸ κῦδος, we can connect ἐχθρός with Lat. extrā `outside', exterus `being outside', and so also with ἐχθός = ἐκτός `outside' (Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1 with Keil Hermes 25, 601, s. also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30; against this Wackernagel KZ 31, 41 = Kl. Schr. 1, 720); ἐχθρός then would be prop. `outside, being in foreign territory, foreigner, enemy'; cf. Lat. hostis. - More in Bq, Seiler Steigerungsformen 77f., W.-Hofmann s. ex, Pok. 292f. Now Čop KZ 74, 225f.Page in Frisk: 1,600-601Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔχθος
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57 λέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `peel (off)' (Il.)Other forms: aor. λέψαι, fut. λέψω (Il.), perf. midd. ἀπο-λέλεμμαι (Epich.), aor. pass. ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη H.; also with ablaut λέλαμμαι (Att. inscr. around 330a), ἐκ-λαπῆναι (Ar. Fr. 164),Dialectal forms: Myc. repoto \/leptos\/.Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With ε-grade (from the present): 1. λεπτός (cf. στρεπ-τός a.o. in Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,17) `peeled' = `unveiled' (Υ 497), `thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate' (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened λεπτ-αλέος `weak, fine' (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), λεπτ-ακινός'id.' (AP; from *λέπταξ ?, Bechtel Lex. s. φυζακινός); further λεπτίον `beaker' (pap.) from λεπτόν (sc. κεράμιον) `thin earthenware' (pap.), λεπτάγιον kind of vase? ( PHib. 1, 47, 13; IIIa; acc. to the edd. perh. = λεπτόγειον `barren land'), λεπτάριον name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); λεπτίτιδες κριθαί kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 113); λεπτότης f. `thinness, leanness etc.' (IA.), λεπτοσύνη `id.' (AP); λεπτύνω, - ομαι `make thin etc. resp. become' (Hp., X., Arist.) with λεπτυσμός, λέπτυνσις (Hp.), - υντικός (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. λεπρός `scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw' (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. λεπράς (Theoc., Opp.); λέπρα, ion. - ρη `efflorescence, leprosy' (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an ρ-stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with λεπρώδης `with unevennesses, leprous' (Ael., Dsc., medic.), λεπρικός `regarding efflorescence' (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs λεπράω `become scaly, efflorescent' (Ion.), also λεπρ-ιάω (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω); λεπρόομαι `become efflorescent' (LXX, pap.) with λέπρωσις = λέπρα (Tz.), λεπρύνομαι `besome scaly, uneven' (Nic.). - 3. λέπος n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with λέπιον (Hp.), usu. λεπίς, - ίδος f. (Ion. hell.) `scale, shell, pod, metal plate' with dimin. λεπίδιον (Hero), also as plant-name `pepperwort' (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), λεπιδίσκη `id.' (Imbros IIa); further λεπιδ-ωτός `scaly' (Hdt., Arist.), with λεπιδόομαι `become scaly' (Hp.); other denomin.: λεπίζω (: λέπος or λεπίς) `remove the scale etc., peel off' (hell.) with λέπισμα `scale' (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον. H. (: λεπόω, - έω); note λέπασμα `pod, skin' (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from λέπος as from *λεπάζω. - 4. On λεπάς, λέπας s. v. - 5. λέπῡρον `scale, pod' (LXX, Batr.) with λεπυρώδης `like scales' (Thphr.); λεπύρ-ιον `id.' (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), - ιώδης `like scales, consisting of...' (Arist., Thphr.), λεπυρίζομαι `be enveloped by a scale' (sch.), λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι H.; besides λεπῠρός `in a scale' (Nic.); on the υ-stem beside λέπρ-α, λέπος cf. e. g. αἶσχος. On itself stands λεπύχανον `coat (of an onion), fruit-schale' (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with λάχανον, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With ο-grade. 6. λοπός m. `scale, rind' (τ 233, Hp.) with λόπιμος `easy to peel off', (Nic., Gal.), λόπιμα κάστανα... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf - ιμος 101; dimin. λοπάς f. `dish', also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with λοπάδ-ιον (com., pap.), - ίσκος (sch.); λοπίς `scale, dish etc.' (Ar., inscr.) with λοπίδιον (Delos); denomin. λοπάω `scale off, let the bark peel off' (Thphr.) with λοπητός m. `time to be peeled off' (Thphr.), λοπίζω `be peeled off' (Thphr., pap.). -7. On ἔλλοψ s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. λώπη `pod, coat' (Od., Theoc., A. R.), λῶπος m. `id.' (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in λωπο-δύ-της m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", `thief of clothes' with λωποδυτ-έω etc. (Att.); suffixless form λώψ χλαμύς H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. λώπιον (Arist., inscr.); denomin. ἀπο-, περι-λωπίζω `undress, put off' (S., Hyp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The primary thematic present λέπω, from which all verbal forms were derived ( λέλαμμαι, - λαπῆναι innovations after ἔστραμμαι, στραφῆναι etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. lãpas `leaf', Alb. lapë `rag, leaf, peritoneum' (: λοπός), Lith. lõpas `rag, piece' (: λῶπος; also OE lōf m. `band of the forehead'??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. lápotь `shoe of bark' (lapotók `rag, piece'); quite doubtful OE leber, læfer f. `rush, cane, metal plate' (: λέπρα?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With λέπος one compared also Lat. s-stem lepōs `fine-ness, delicacy', and the Slav. extension in Russ. lépest `rag, piece, leaf of a flower'. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. lepidus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lãpas, lõpas, also lèpti `be coddled', Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lépest, lápotь, lópotõk; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms λεπάγιον, λεπακινός, λέπασμα, λέπυρον, λεπύχανον, λέπρα, λώψ, λῶπος etc. The verb may be compared with ὀλόπτω and ὀλούφω, which would also point to a non-IE word.Page in Frisk: 2,105-107Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέπω
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58 μῶμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `blame, reproach, blemish' (poet. β 86, late prose), `stain of a sacrificial animal' (LXX).Other forms: μῶμαρ n. Lyc.Compounds: Compp., e.g. ἄ-μωμος `without blame' (Ion. poet.), μωμο-σκόπος `who inspects the sacrificial animal for a blame' with - σκοπέομαι, - έω (Ph.; Bartelink Glotta 39, 43ff.).Derivatives: μώμ-ιμος `with blame' (Stoic.); cf. νόμιμος a.o. (Arhenz 113). Denominat. verbs: 1. μωμάομαι (Ion. - έομαι), rarely with ἐπι-, δια-, `blame, abuse, defame' (Ion. poet. since Il.) with μώμ-ημα (LXX, v.l.), - ησις (sch.) `blame', - ητής m. `blamer' (Hp.), - ητικός `censorious' (hell.), - ηλός `blameful' (Hld.). -- 2. μωμεύω `id.' (ζ 274, Hes. Op. 756); to avoid contracted forms, cf. λωβάομαι: λωβεύω (s. λώβη). -- 3. μωμαίνω `id.' (Hdn. Epim.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside μῶμος stands with diff. vocalism μῦμαρ αἶσχος, φόβος, ψόγος with μυμαρίζει γελοιάζει H.; here the old ἀ-μύμων (: *μῦμα) about `honorable, noble'. An ablaut ω (\< ωυ): υ is hardly possible, despite ζωμός: ζύμη and Schwyzer 346 a. 359. Further isolated; cf. however μωκάομαι, μῶκος (L. Meyer 4, 300, Prellwitz 304). -- Wrong hypotheses are rejected by WP. 2, 249 (cf. still Benveniste Origines 22).Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῶμος
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59 οῖκτος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lamentation, compassion, pity' (Od.).Derivatives: Prim. superl. οἴκτιστος (Χ 76; Seiler Steigerungsformen 78 f.), φιλ-οίκτιστος `loving pity the most' (S.) from φίλ-οικτος (A. in lyr.); thus the rare οἰκτικός `belonging to lamentation, lamenting' (An. Bachm.) and οἰκτοσύνη f. = οἶκτος (Hdn. Epim.). -- Old is οἰκτρός `woeful, wailing, deplorable' (Il.), as 1. member e.g. in οἰκτρό-γοος `with woeful lamentation' (Pl. Phdr. 267 c); prob. (in spite of the genderdifference) to οἶκτος after αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, ἔχθος: ἐχθρός a.o. (cf. Seiler l. c.), cf. also the pair οἴκτιστος: αἴσχιστος (Schwvzer 481 n. 16). -- Denominative verbs. 1. From οἰκτρός: οἰκτί̄ρω (\< -ιρ-ι̯ω), Aeol. οἰκτίρρω (Hdn. Gr.), aor. οἰκτῖραι, fut. οἰκτιρῶ (Att. also - τερῶ after the itacistic - τεῖραι, - τείρω) late - τ(ε)ιρήσω (LXX, NT), also with κατ- a.o., `to pity, to commiserate, to bewail' (Il.); from it οἰκτιρ-μός m. `compassion, pity' (Pi., LXX, NT), - μων `compassionate, pitiful' (Gorg., Theoc., LXX) with - μοσύνη (Tz.); on *οἰκτίρ-ι̯ω from *οἰκτρ-ι̯ω with i-coloured reduced vowel Schwyzer 352. -- 2. From οἶκτος: οἰκτίζω, - ομαι, also with κατ- a.o., `id.' (trag., Th., Arist.) with οἰκτ-ισμός m. `bewailing' (A., X.), - ίσματα n. pl., `id.' (E.; Chantraine Form. 146), κατοίκτ-ισις f. `wailing, compassion' (X.).Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations].Etymology: Like ὀϊζύς, with comp. meaning, also οἶκτος prob. goes back on the interj. οι, through οἴζω; the close connection appears from the backformation δυσοίζω (s. v.) from δύσ-οικτος. Prellwitz s. v., also Schwyzer 501. Comparable nouns from interjective verbs in - ζω are frequent, e.g. αἴαγμα, αἰακτός (: αἰάζω, αἰαῖ), βάβαξ, βαβάκτης (: βαβάζω, βαβαί) etc., s. Schwyzer 716. Cf. οἰμώζω. -- Doubtful non-Greek combinations (Goth. aihtron `beg', OIr. ar-égi `complains') in Bq, WP. 1, 105 f., Pok. 298. -- On οἶκτος and related words in gen.. s. W. Burkert Zum altgr. Mitleidsbegriff. Diss. Erlangen 1955 (important review by Seyffert Gnomon 31, 389 ff.); also A. Klocker Wortgesch. von ἔλεος u. οἶκτος in d. gr. Dichtung u. Philosophie von Hom. bis Arist. Diss. Innsbruck 1953.Page in Frisk: 2,361-362Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οῖκτος
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60 στῖφος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `crowd packed closely together, troop of warriors, ships etc.' (Hdt., A., Ar., Th., X. etc.).Derivatives: Besides στιφρός `packed closely together, tight, compact' (Ar., X., Arist., hell. a. late) with - ότης f. `compactness' (middl. com.), - άω `to harden' (Ath., Eust.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With στῖφος: στιφρός cf. e.g. αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, κῦδος: κυδρός. To the family of στείβω with vowellength as in στί̄βη `hoarfrost'; without direct agreement outside Greek. An IE aspirate (= Gr. φ) is prob. also found in some semantically deiviating Balto-Slav. words, e.g. Lith. stíebas `mast(tree), pillar, stalk', stáibis `lower shank, supporting post' [note that the Baltic acute points to a b, not bh], OCS stьblь, Russ. stébelь `stalk', thus in Skt. stibhi- m. `bunch of flowers, bundle'. Further s. στείβω; cf. στριφνός. -- From στῖφος Lat. * stīpus in stīpāre? (Thierfelder by letter). -- From στείβω neither the φ not the vowellength can be explained. So the word must be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,799Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στῖφος
См. также в других словарях:
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αίσχος — το ους 1. ντροπή, κακοήθεια: Είναι αίσχος να προδίνει κανείς τις αρχές του. 2. έργο που προκαλεί ντροπή: Ως υπουργός αυτός έκαμε αίσχη … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
αἴσχε' — αἴ̱σχεα , αἶσχος shame neut nom/voc/acc pl (epic ionic) αἴ̱σχει , αἶσχος shame neut nom/voc/acc dual (attic epic) αἴ̱σχεϊ , αἶσχος shame neut dat sg (epic ionic) αἴ̱σχει , αἶσχος shame neut dat sg αἴ̱σχεε , αἶσχος shame neut nom/voc/acc dual… … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
αἴσχει — αἴ̱σχει , αἶσχος shame neut nom/voc/acc dual (attic epic) αἴ̱σχεϊ , αἶσχος shame neut dat sg (epic ionic) αἴ̱σχει , αἶσχος shame neut dat sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
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