-
21 scale
I noun1) (of fish, reptile) Schuppe, dieII nounscale[s] — Waage, die
a pair or set of scales — eine Waage
bathroom/kitchen scale[s] — Personen-/Küchenwaage, die
the scales are evenly balanced — (fig.) die Chancen sind ausgewogen
2) (dish of balance) Waagschale, dieIII 1. nountip or turn the scale[s] — (fig.) den Ausschlag geben
1) (series of degrees) Skala, die2) (Mus.) Tonleiter, die3) (dimensions) Ausmaß, dason a grand scale — im großen Stil
plan on a large scale — in großem Rahmen planen
on an international scale — auf internationaler Ebene; [Katastrophe] von internationalem Außmaß
4) (ratio of reduction) Maßstab, der; attrib. maßstab[s]gerecht [Modell, Zeichnung]a map with a scale of 1: 250,000 — eine Karte im Maßstab 1: 250 000
to scale — maßstab[s]gerecht
be out of scale — im Maßstab nicht passen ( with zu)
5) (indication) (on map, plan) Maßstab, der; (on thermometer, ruler, exposure meter) [Anzeige]skala, die; (instrument) Messstab, der2. transitive verb1) (climb, clamber up) ersteigen [Festung, Mauer, Leiter, Gipfel]; erklettern [Felswand, Leiter, Gipfel]2) [ab]stufen, staffeln [Fahrpreise]; maßstab[s]gerecht anfertigen [Zeichnung]scale production to demand — die Produktion an die Nachfrage anpassen
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/91220/scale_down">scale down- scale up* * *I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) die Skala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) der Tarif3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) die Tonleiter4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) der Maßstab5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) der UmfangII [skeil] verb III [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) die Schuppe- scaly* * *scale1[skeɪl]I. n4.II. vt1. (remove scales)to \scale a fish einen Fisch abschuppen2. (remove tartar)to \scale teeth Zahnstein entfernenscale2[skeɪl]nbathroom/kitchen/letter \scale Personen-/Küchen-/Briefwaage fa pair of \scales ( form) eine [Balken]waagehe tipped the \scale at 210 pounds er wog 210 Pfundto tip the \scales ( fig) den [entscheidenden] Ausschlag geben2. ASTROL3.▶ to throw sth into the \scale etw in die Waagschale werfenscale3[skeɪl]I. nhow would you rate his work on a \scale of 1 to 5? wie würden Sie seine Arbeit auf einer Skala von 1 bis 5 beurteilen?\scale of charges Taxe f\scale of fees Gebührenstaffel f\scale division Skalenteilung f\scale of values Wert[e]skala fa sliding \scale ECON eine Gleitskalaremuneration is on a sliding \scale die Bezahlung ist gestaffelt2. no plto build/draw sth to \scale etw maßstab[s]getreu [o maßstab[s]gerecht] bauen/zeichnenon a national \scale auf nationaler Ebeneon a large/small \scale im großen/kleinen Rahmenadvantages of \scale ECON bedeutende Vorteileto play/practise \scales Tonleitern spielen/übenII. vt▪ to \scale sthto \scale a fence auf einen Zaun kletternto \scale a mountain einen Berg besteigen; ( fig)she has already \scaled the heights of her profession sie hat bereits den Höhepunkt ihrer Karriere erreicht* * *I [skeɪl]1. n(of fish, snake, skin) Schuppe f; (of rust) Flocke f; (of paint) Plättchen nt; (= kettle scale) Kesselstein m no pl2. vt2)3. visich schuppen; (paint, rust) abblättern II1. nscale-pan — Waagschale f
2. viwiegen IIIn1) Skala f; (on thermometer etc) Skala f, Gradeinteilung f; (on ruler) (Maß)einteilung f; (fig) Leiter f; (= social scale) Stufenleiter f; (= list, table) Tabelle fscale of charges — Gebührenordnung f, Tarife
he ranks at the top of the scale of contemporary violinists — er steht an der Spitze der zeitgenössischen Geiger
2) (= instrument) Messgerät nt4) (of map etc) Maßstab mwhat is the scale? — welchen Maßstab hat es?, in welchem Maßstab ist es?
(drawn/true) to scale — maßstabgerecht
5) (fig: size, extent) Umfang m, Ausmaß ntto entertain on a large/small scale — Feste im größeren/im kleineren Rahmen geben
large stores buy on a different scale from small ones — große Kaufhäuser kaufen in ganz anderen Mengen als kleine Geschäfte
inflation on an unprecedented scale —
small/large in scale — von kleinem/großem Umfang
IVit's similar but on a smaller scale — es ist ähnlich, nur kleiner
vtmountain, wall erklettern* * *scale1 [skeıl]A s1. ZOOL Schuppe f, koll Schuppen pl2. MED Schuppe f:come off in scales → C 1;the scales fell from my eyes fig es fiel mir wie Schuppen von den Augen;remove the scales from sb’s eyes fig jemandem die Augen öffnen3. BOTa) Schuppenblatt nb) (Erbsen- etc) Hülse f, Schale f5. ZOOL Schildlaus f6. Ablagerung f, besondersa) Kesselstein mb) MED Zahnstein m:form scale → C 27. auch pl METALL Zunder m: → iron scaleB v/ta) einen Fisch (ab)schuppen,b) eine Schicht etc ablösen, (ab)schälen, (ab)häuten:scale almonds Mandeln schälen2. a) abklopfen, den Kesselstein entfernen ausb) Zähne vom Zahnstein befreien4. METALL ausglühenC v/i2. Kessel- oder Zahnstein ansetzenscale2 [skeıl]A s1. Waagschale f (auch fig):hold the scales even gerecht urteilen;weight the scales in sb’s favo(u)r jemandem einen (unerlaubten) Vorteil verschaffen2. meist pl Waage f:a pair of scales eine Waage;go to scale at 120 lbs 120 Pfund wiegen oder auf die Waage bringenB v/t1. wiegenC v/i SPORT gewogen werden:scale3 [skeıl]A s1. a) Stufenleiter f, Staff(e)lung fb) Skala f, Tarif m:scale of fees Gebührenordnung f;scale of salaries Gehaltsstaffelung;scale of wages Lohnskala, -tabelle f2. Stufe f (auf einer Skala, Stufenleiter etc, auch fig):sink in the scale im Niveau sinken3. PHYS, TECH Skala f:scale division Gradeinteilung f;scale line Teilstrich m einer Skala4. GEOG, MATH, TECHa) Maßstab(sangabe) m(f)b) logarithmischer Rechenstab:out of scale nicht maßstab(s)getreu oder -gerecht;at a scale of 1 inch to 1 mile im Maßstab 1 Inch:1 Meile;drawn to a scale of 1:5 im Maßstab 1:5 gezeichnet;5. fig Maßstab m, Größenordnung f, Umfang m:on a large scale in großem Umfang, großen Stils;on a modest scale bescheiden, in bescheidenem Rahmen6. MATH (numerische) Zahlenreihe7. MUSa) Tonleiter f, Skala fb) Tonumfang m (eines Instruments)c) (Orgelpfeifen)Mensur f:8. SCHULE, PSYCH Test(stufen)reihe fbuy on a scale seine Käufe über eine Baisseperiode verteilen;sell on a scale seine Verkäufe über eine Hausseperiode verteilento zu)B v/t1. erklettern, ersteigen, erklimmen (auch fig)2. GEOG, MATH, TECHa) maßstab(s)getreu zeichnen:scale off a length MATH eine Strecke abtragenb) maßstäblich ändern:scale down (up) maßstab(s)gerecht oder maßstäblich verkleinern (vergrößern)3. TECH mit einer Teilung versehen4. einstufen:scale down Löhne, Forderungen etc herunterschrauben;scale up Preise etc hochschraubenC v/i (auf einer Skala) klettern (auch fig), steigen:scale down fallen;scale up steigen, in die Höhe kletternsc. abk1. scale2. scene3. science4. scientific5. scilicet, namely näml.* * *I noun1) (of fish, reptile) Schuppe, dieII noun1) in sing. or pl. (weighing instrument)scale[s] — Waage, die
a pair or set of scales — eine Waage
bathroom/kitchen scale[s] — Personen-/Küchenwaage, die
the scales are evenly balanced — (fig.) die Chancen sind ausgewogen
2) (dish of balance) Waagschale, dieIII 1. nountip or turn the scale[s] — (fig.) den Ausschlag geben
1) (series of degrees) Skala, die2) (Mus.) Tonleiter, die3) (dimensions) Ausmaß, dason an international scale — auf internationaler Ebene; [Katastrophe] von internationalem Außmaß
4) (ratio of reduction) Maßstab, der; attrib. maßstab[s]gerecht [Modell, Zeichnung]a map with a scale of 1: 250,000 — eine Karte im Maßstab 1: 250 000
to scale — maßstab[s]gerecht
5) (indication) (on map, plan) Maßstab, der; (on thermometer, ruler, exposure meter) [Anzeige]skala, die; (instrument) Messstab, der2. transitive verb1) (climb, clamber up) ersteigen [Festung, Mauer, Leiter, Gipfel]; erklettern [Felswand, Leiter, Gipfel]2) [ab]stufen, staffeln [Fahrpreise]; maßstab[s]gerecht anfertigen [Zeichnung]Phrasal Verbs:- scale up* * *(music) n.Tonleiter m. n.Kesselstein m.Maßstab -¨e m.Skala Skalen f.Skalierung f. v.erklettern v.ersteigen v. -
22 scale
scale [skeɪl]1 noun(a) (of model, drawing) échelle f;∎ the sketch was drawn to scale l'esquisse était à l'échelle;∎ the map is on a scale of 1 cm to 1 km l'échelle de la carte est de 1 cm pour 1 km;∎ the scale of the map is 1 to 50,000 la carte est au 50 millième;∎ the drawing is out of scale or is not to scale le croquis n'est pas à l'échelle(b) (for measurement, evaluation) échelle f; (of thermometer) échelle f (graduée), graduation f; (of salaries, taxes) échelle f, barème m; (of values) échelle f;∎ the social scale l'échelle f sociale;∎ at the top of the scale en haut de l'échelle;∎ it all depends on your scale of values tout dépend de votre échelle de valeurs;∎ to judge sth on a scale of one to ten noter qch sur dix∎ the scale of the devastation l'étendue f des dégâts;∎ the sheer scale of the problem/task l'énormité f du problème/de la tâche;∎ to do sth on a large scale faire qch sur une grande échelle;∎ on an industrial scale à l'échelle industrielle;∎ economies of scale économies fpl d'échelle∎ to practise or to do one's scales faire ses gammes;∎ the scale of D major la gamme de ré majeur∎ figurative the scales fell from her eyes les écailles lui sont tombées des yeux(g) (of paint, plaster, rust) écaille f, écaillure f(h) (scale pan) plateau m (de balance)(a) (climb over → wall, fence) escalader(paint, rust) s'écailler; (skin) peler, se desquamer(for food) balance f; (for letters) pèse-lettre m; (in bathroom etc) pèse-personne m; (for babies) pèse-bébé m; (public) bascule f;∎ pair of scales balance f à plateaux;∎ (a pair of) kitchen scales une balance de cuisine►► scale drawing dessin m à l'échelle;Entomology scale insect coccidé m;(b) (figures, demands) réduire, baisser, diminuer;∎ production is being scaled down on a entrepris de réduire la production(paint, rust) s'écaillerécailler(b) (figures, demands) réviser à la hausse, augmenter;∎ allowances were scaled up by 10 percent les allocations ont été augmentées de 10 pour cent -
23 pan
I pæn noun1) (a metal pot usually with a long handle, used for cooking food: a frying-pan; a saucepan.) cazuela, cazo, sartén (para freír),...2) ((American) a tin for baking or cooking food inside an oven: a cake pan.) molde•- pancake
II pæn past tense, past participle - panned; verb(to move (a film or television camera) so as to follow a moving object or show a wide view: The camera panned slowly across to the other side of the street.) panoramizarpan n olla / cacerola / cazo
pan sustantivo masculino (Coc) bread; ( pieza) loaf; ( panecillo) roll;◊ ¿quieres pan? would you like some bread?;una rebanada de pan a slice of bread; pan blanco/de centeno/integral white/rye/whole wheat bread; pan de molde bread/loaf baked gen in a rectangular tin, tin o pan loaf (BrE); pan de Pascua (Chi) panettone; pan dulce ( con pasas) (RPl) panettone; ( bollo) (AmC, Méx) bun, pastry; pan tostado toast; un pan tostado (Chi, Méx) a piece of toast; ganarse el pan to earn one's daily bread; ser pan comido (fam) to be a piece of cake (colloq)
pan sustantivo masculino
1 (alimento, sustento) bread (hogaza) loaf (barra) French bread: me gusta el pan, I like bread
pan integral, wholemeal bread
pan rallado, breadcrumbs pl
2 Arte pan de oro/plata, gold/silver leaf Locuciones: familiar eso es pan, comido, that's a piece of cake familiar llamar al pan, pan y al vino, vino, to call a spade a spade figurado más bueno que el pan, as good as gold ' pan' also found in these entries: Spanish: barra - cacho - caldo - candeal - cocer - comida - comido - correosa - correoso - corteza - crujir - cuscurro - despacho - exageración - ganarse - gustar - hornada - integral - más - miga - migaja - mitad - moho - morena - moreno - negra - negro - pedazo - plato - rallar - rallada - rallado - rebanar - rebozar - recordar - reseca - reseco - retrete - sartén - tarugo - tierna - tierno - tostar - tostada - tostado - tostadura - untar - vapulear - algo - amasar English: all - alone - as - baguette - baking - barrel - batch - bin - bread - breadboard - breadcrumbs - break up - breeze - bun - cinch - crumb - crumble - crusty - either - evenly - flash - fresh - frying pan - gingerbread - gold leaf - loaf - moldy - morsel - mouldy - nan bread - nonstick - pan - panpipes - piece - pumpernickel - rarebit - rye bread - salt - sandwich - slab - slice - spade - stale - thick - toast - toaster - walkover - wholemeal - and - baketr[pæn]1 (saucepan) cacerola, cazuela, cazo; (cooking pot) olla2 (of lavatory) taza3 (of scales) platillo4 (for washing gravel) batea1 (soil, gravel) cribar con batea, lavar con batea2 familiar (criticize) poner por los suelos1 extraer oro————————tr[pæn]1 SMALLCINEMA/SMALL tomar una panorámica de1 SMALLCINEMA/SMALL tomar una panorámicapan vito pan for gold : cribar el oro con batea, lavar oropan n1) : cacerola f, cazuela f2)frying pan : sartén mf, freidera f Mexn.• cacerola s.f.• cazoleta s.f.• cazuela s.f.• olla s.f.• perol s.m.• platillo s.m.• sartén s.f.pæn
I
1)a) ( Culin) cacerola f; (large, with two handles) olla f; ( small) cacerola f, cazo m (Esp); ( frying pan) sartén fpots and pans — cacharros mpl (fam), trastes mpl (Méx)
loaf pan — (AmE) molde m para pan
b) ( for prospecting) batea fc) ( on scales) platillo m, bandeja f2) ( of toilet) (BrE) taza fto go down the pan — (colloq) irse* al traste (fam)
II
1.
a) \<\<gravel/soil\>\> cribarb) \<\<gold\>\> separar cribando
2.
vi1) ( Min)2) ( Cin)•Phrasal Verbs:- pan out
I [pæn]1. N2) [of scales] platillo m ; [of lavatory] taza f ; [of firearm] cazoleta f- go down the pan2. VT1) [+ gold] lavar con batea2) * (=criticize) [+ play etc] dejar por los suelos *3.VI4.CPDpan scrub, pan scrubber N — estropajo m (para sartenes)
- pan out
II [pæn] (Cine)1.VI tomar panorámicas or vistas pan2.VT* * *[pæn]
I
1)a) ( Culin) cacerola f; (large, with two handles) olla f; ( small) cacerola f, cazo m (Esp); ( frying pan) sartén fpots and pans — cacharros mpl (fam), trastes mpl (Méx)
loaf pan — (AmE) molde m para pan
b) ( for prospecting) batea fc) ( on scales) platillo m, bandeja f2) ( of toilet) (BrE) taza fto go down the pan — (colloq) irse* al traste (fam)
II
1.
a) \<\<gravel/soil\>\> cribarb) \<\<gold\>\> separar cribando
2.
vi1) ( Min)2) ( Cin)•Phrasal Verbs:- pan out -
24 tip
I 1. nounthe tip of his nose/finger/toe — seine Nasen-/Finger-/Zehenspitze
from tip to toe — vom Scheitel bis zur Sohle
2. transitive verb,it is on the tip of my tongue — es liegt mir auf der Zunge
- pp-II 1. intransitive verb, 2. transitive verb,tip something [with stone/brass] — etwas mit einer [Stein-/Messing]spitze versehen
- pp-1) (make tilt) kippentip the balance — (fig.) den Ausschlag geben; see also academic.ru/64432/scale">scale II 1. 2)
3) (mention as likely winner etc.) voraussagen [Sieger]be tipped for the Presidency/a post — als Favorit für die Präsidentschaftswahlen/einen Posten genannt werden
4) (coll.): (give) gebentip somebody the wink — (fig.) jemandem Bescheid sagen; (tip somebody off) jemandem einen Tipp geben (ugs.)
3. nountip somebody [20p] — jemandem [20 Pence] Trinkgeld geben
1) (money) Trinkgeld, dasPhrasal Verbs:- tip off* * *I 1. [tip] noun(the small or thin end, point or top of something: the tips of my fingers.) die Spitze2. verb(to put, or form, a tip on: The spear was tipped with an iron point.) beschlagen- tipped- tip-top
- be on the tip of one's tongue II 1. [tip] past tense, past participle - tipped; verb2) (to empty (something) from a container, or remove (something) from a surface, with this kind of motion: He tipped the water out of the bucket.) kippen2. noun(a place where rubbish is thrown: a refuse/rubbish tip.) der Abladeplatz- tip overIII 1. [tip] noun(a gift of money given to a waiter etc, for personal service: I gave him a generous tip.) das Trinkgeld2. verb(to give such a gift to.) Trinkgeld gebenIV [tip] noun(a piece of useful information; a hint: He gave me some good tips on/about gardening.) der Tip- tip off* * *tip1[tɪp]I. vt<- pp->1. (attach to extremity of)to \tip an arrow/a spear with poison einen Pfeil/Speer in Gift [ein]tauchento \tip sth with black/red/white etw in schwarze/rote/weiße Farbe eintauchento \tip sth with silver/steel etw mit einer Silber-/Stahlspitze versehenmountains \tipped with snow Berge pl mit schneebedeckten Gipfeln2. (dye one's hair)to \tip one's hair sich dat die Spitzen färbenII. nasparagus \tip Spargelspitze ffilter \tip Filtermundstück ntthe southern \tip of Florida die Südspitze von Florida2. (of hair)▪ \tips pl gefärbte Spitzen3.▶ to the \tips of sb's fingers durch und durchhe's a conservative to the \tips of his fingers er ist erzkonservativ▶ the \tip of the iceberg die Spitze des Eisbergs▶ it's on the \tip of my tongue es liegt mir auf der Zungetip2[tɪp]II. vt<- pp->1. (empty out)the child \tipped the toys all over the floor das Kind kippte die Spielsachen über den ganzen Boden aus2. (tilt)▪ to \tip sth etw neigentwo quick goals \tipped the balance in favour of England zwei schnelle Tore brachten die Entscheidung zu Gunsten Englandsto \tip one's chair back seinen Stuhl nach hinten kippento \tip the window das Fenster kippen3. (touch)to \tip one's cap [or hat] an den Hut tippento \tip one's cigarette die Asche von seiner Zigarette abklopfenIII. vi<- pp->“No \tipping” „Müll abladen verboten“2. (tilt) umkippentip3[tɪp]I. na \tip about buying a house/growing vegetables ein Tipp für den Hauskauf/Gemüseanbauhelpful/useful \tip hilfreicher/nützlicher Tipp [o Hinweis]hot \tip heißer Tipp famto give sb a \tip jdm einen Tipp geben famto take a \tip from sb jds Rat befolgenif you take my \tip, you'll avoid that part of the city wenn du mich fragst, solltest du diesen Teil der Stadt meidenII. vt<- pp->▪ to \tip sb jdm Trinkgeld gebenthey \tipped the waiter £5 sie gaben dem Ober 5 Pfund TrinkgeldDavis is being \tipped to win the championship Davis ist Favorit auf den Meistertitelhe's \tipped as the next Prime Minister er gilt als der nächste Premierministerto be \tipped for success auf Erfolgskurs sein3.III. vi<- pp->Trinkgeld geben* * *I [tɪp]1. nSpitze f; (of cigarette) Filter mit was on the tip of my tongue to tell her what I thought of her — ich war fast so weit, ihr zu sagen, was ich von ihr hielt
it's just the tip of the iceberg (fig) — das ist nur die Spitze des Eisbergs
See:2. vt(= put tip on)to tip sth with copper/steel etc — etw mit einer Kupfer-/Stahlspitze versehen
IIcopper/steel-tipped — mit Kupfer-/Stahlspitze
1. n1) (= gratuity) Trinkgeld ntwhat do your tips amount to? —
3)(= tap)
to give the ball a tip — den Ball nur antippen2. vt1) (= give gratuity to) Trinkgeld geben (+dat)to tip sb £3 — jdm £ 3 Trinkgeld geben
he tipped Golden Boy for the 3.30 — er setzte or tippte im 3.30-Uhr-Rennen auf Golden Boy
they are tipped to win the competition/election ( Brit fig ) — sie sind die Favoriten in dem Wettbewerb/in der Wahl
you tipped a winner (lit, fig) — da hast du auf das richtige Pferd gesetzt
3. viIII1. vt(= tilt, incline) kippen; (= overturn) umkippen; (= pour) liquid kippen, schütten; (= empty) load, sand, rubbish schütten; books, clothes etc schmeißento tip sth backwards/forwards —
he tips the scales at 70kg — er bringt 70 kg auf die Waage
to tip one's hat over one's eyes — sich (dat) den Hut über die Augen ziehen/schieben
2. vi(= incline) kippen; (= dump rubbish) Schutt abladen"no tipping", "tipping prohibited" — "Schutt abladen verboten"
3. n2)* * *tip1 [tıp]A s1. (Schwanz-, Stock- etc) Spitze f, äußerstes (Flügel- etc) Ende, Zipfel m:tip of the ear Ohrläppchen n;the tips of one’s fingers fig bis in die Fingerspitzen, durch und durch;on the tips of one’s toes auf Zehenspitzen;I had it ( oder it was) on the tip of my tongue es lag oder schwebte mir auf der Zunge, ich hatte es auf der Zungea) (Stock- etc) Zwinge fb) (Pumpen-, Stecker-, Taster- etc) Spitze fc) Düse fd) Tülle f4. Filter m (einer Zigarette)B v/t2. Büsche etc stutzentip2 [tıp]A s1. Neigung f:2. Br (Schutt- etc) Abladeplatz m, (-)Halde f3. TECH Kippvorrichtung f, -anlage fB v/t1. kippen, neigen:5. Br Müll etc abladenC v/i1. sich neigen:tip up hochkippen, -klappen3. tip out herausfallentip3 [tıp]A s1. Trinkgeld n2. (Wett- etc) Tipp m3. Tipp m, Wink m, Fingerzeig m, Hinweis m, Rat m:take my tip and … hör auf mich und …B v/t1. jemandem ein Trinkgeld geben:tip sb £2 jemandem zwei Pfund Trinkgeld geben;tip sb lavishly jemandem ein fürstliches oder großzügiges Trinkgeld gebentip sb off jemandem einen Tipp oder Wink geben ( that dass), jemanden (rechtzeitig) warnen ( about vor dat)tip4 [tıp]A s Klaps m, leichte Berührung:give the ball a tip den Ball antippenC v/i trippeln* * *I 1. noun(end, point) Spitze, die2. transitive verb,the tip of his nose/finger/toe — seine Nasen-/Finger-/Zehenspitze
- pp-II 1. intransitive verb,tip something [with stone/brass] — etwas mit einer [Stein-/Messing]spitze versehen
- pp- (lean, fall) kippen2. transitive verb,- pp-1) (make tilt) kippentip the balance — (fig.) den Ausschlag geben; see also scale II 1. 2)
3) (mention as likely winner etc.) voraussagen [Sieger]be tipped for the Presidency/a post — als Favorit für die Präsidentschaftswahlen/einen Posten genannt werden
4) (coll.): (give) gebentip somebody the wink — (fig.) jemandem Bescheid sagen; (tip somebody off) jemandem einen Tipp geben (ugs.)
3. nountip somebody [20p] — jemandem [20 Pence] Trinkgeld geben
1) (money) Trinkgeld, dasPhrasal Verbs:- tip off* * *n.Hinweis -e m.Kippe -n f.Tip -s (alt.Rechtschreibung) m.Tipp -s m.Trinkgeld n. (money) v.ein Trinkgeld geben ausdr. -
25 tip
I
1. tip noun(the small or thin end, point or top of something: the tips of my fingers.) punta, cabo, extremidad
2. verb(to put, or form, a tip on: The spear was tipped with an iron point.) poner punta- tipped- tip-top
- be on the tip of one's tongue
II
1. tip past tense, past participle - tipped; verb1) (to (make something) slant: The boat tipped to one side.)2) (to empty (something) from a container, or remove (something) from a surface, with this kind of motion: He tipped the water out of the bucket.) ladearse, inclinarse3) (to dump (rubbish): People have been tipping their rubbish in this field.) verter, tirar; vaciar
2. noun(a place where rubbish is thrown: a refuse/rubbish tip.) vertedero- tip over
III
1. tip noun(a gift of money given to a waiter etc, for personal service: I gave him a generous tip.) propina
2. verb(to give such a gift to.)
IV tip noun(a piece of useful information; a hint: He gave me some good tips on/about gardening.) consejo, sugerencia- tip offtip1 n1. punta2. propina3. consejo4. vertederotip2 vb1. dar una propina2. inclinartr[tɪp]■ your room is a tip! ¡tu habitación está hecha un asco!1 (lean, tilt) inclinar, ladear3 (rubbish) verter1 inclinarse, ladearse\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto tip it down llover a cántarosto tip one's hat quitarse el sombreroto tip the scales / tip the balance figurative use inclinar la balanza, decidir la cuestión————————tr[tɪp]1 (gen) extremo, punta, cabo; (of cigarette) boquilla, filtro\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLfrom tip to toe de pies a cabezato have something on the tip of one's tongue tener algo en la punta de la lenguathe tip of the iceberg la punta del iceberg————————tr[tɪp]1 (gratuity) propina1 (give gratuity to) dar una propina a2 (predict) pronosticar2) tilt: ladear, inclinarto tip one's hat: saludar con el sombrero3) tap: tocar, golpear ligeramente4) : darle una propina (a un mesero, etc.)I tipped him $5: le di $5 de propina5) : adornar o cubrir la punta dewings tipped in red: alas que tienen las puntas rojas6)to tip off : dar información atip vitilt: ladearse, inclinarsetip n1) end, point: punta f, extremo mon the tip of one's tongue: en la punta de la lengua2) gratuity: propina f3) advice, information: consejo m, información f (confidencial)n.• aviso s.m.• consejo s.m.n.• adehala s.f.• agujeta s.f.• cabo s.m.• casquillo s.m.• chivatazo s.m.• clavija s.f.• embocadura s.f.• extra s.f.• extremidad s.f.• extremo s.m.• gratificación s.f.• inclinación s.f.• pico s.m.• propina s.f.• punta s.f.• regatón s.m.v.• bascular v.• clavetear v.• dar propinas v.• gratificar v.• inclinar v.• ladear v.tɪp
I
1) (end, extremity) punta f; (of stick, umbrella) contera f, regatón m; ( filter tip) filtro mhe was standing on the tips of his toes — estaba de puntillas or (CS) en puntas de pie
the tip of the iceberg — la punta del iceberg
to have something on the tip of one's tongue — tener* algo en la punta de la lengua
2)a) ( helpful hint) consejo m (práctico)b) ( in betting) pronóstico m, fija f (CS, Per)3) ( gratuity) propina f4) (BrE) ( rubbish dump) vertedero m (de basuras), basurero m, basural m (AmL)your room is a tip — (colloq) tienes el cuarto hecho una pocilga
II
1.
- pp- transitive verb1) ( give gratuity to) darle* (una) propina a2)a) ( tilt) inclinarthe child tipped the glass upside down — el niño le dio la vuelta al vaso or (CS) dio vuelta el vaso
to tip the balance o the scales — inclinar la balanza a su (or mi etc) favor
he tipped the scales at 72kg — (colloq) pesó 72 kilos
b) (pour, throw) tirar, botar (AmL exc RPl)it's tipping it down outside — (BrE colloq) está lloviendo a cántaros
3)a) (predict, forecast) (BrE)to tip the winner — pronosticar* quién va a ser el ganador
he is widely tipped as the next party leader — todos los pronósticos coinciden en que será el próximo líder del partido
b) (warn, inform) (AmE) avisar(le a), pasarle el dato a (CS), darle* un chivatazo a (Esp fam)
2.
vi1) ( give gratuity) dar* propina2) ( tilt) inclinarse, ladearse3) ( dump rubbish) (BrE)no tipping — prohibido arrojar basura/escombros
•Phrasal Verbs:- tip off- tip over- tip up
I
[tɪp]N1) (=end) [of knife, paintbrush, finger, nose] punta f; [of shoe, boot] puntera fasparagus2) (=protective piece) [of umbrella] contera f3) (=filter) [of cigarette] filtro m
II [tɪp]1. N1) (=gratuity) propina f2) (=hint) consejo m; (Racing, Gambling) pronóstico mtake a tip from an old friend and leave well alone — acepta un consejo de un viejo amigo y mantente bien alejado
a hot tip * — (Racing, Gambling) un pronóstico fiable
2. VT1) [+ driver, waiter] dar una propina ashe tipped the barman ten dollars — le dio diez dólares de propina or una propina de diez dólares al barman
2) (Racing, Gambling)he is already being tipped as a future prime minister — ya se habla de él como de un futuro primer ministro
3.VI (=give gratuity) dar propina- tip off
III [tɪp]1. N2) (Brit)* (=mess)2. VT1) (=tilt) inclinarto tip one's hat to sb — saludar a algn con el sombrero or ladeando el sombrero
- tip the balance or scales in sb's favour/against sb- tip sb over the edge2) (=pour)to tip sth into sth: tip the vegetables into a bowl — eche las verduras en un cuenco
they tip the rubbish into the river — vierten or tiran la basura en el río
3. VI2) (=dump rubbish) tirar or (LAm) botar basura3)- it's tipping- tip away- tip back- tip out- tip over- tip up
IV [tɪp]1.N (=tap) golpecito m2.VT (=tap, touch) tocar ligeramente* * *[tɪp]
I
1) (end, extremity) punta f; (of stick, umbrella) contera f, regatón m; ( filter tip) filtro mhe was standing on the tips of his toes — estaba de puntillas or (CS) en puntas de pie
the tip of the iceberg — la punta del iceberg
to have something on the tip of one's tongue — tener* algo en la punta de la lengua
2)a) ( helpful hint) consejo m (práctico)b) ( in betting) pronóstico m, fija f (CS, Per)3) ( gratuity) propina f4) (BrE) ( rubbish dump) vertedero m (de basuras), basurero m, basural m (AmL)your room is a tip — (colloq) tienes el cuarto hecho una pocilga
II
1.
- pp- transitive verb1) ( give gratuity to) darle* (una) propina a2)a) ( tilt) inclinarthe child tipped the glass upside down — el niño le dio la vuelta al vaso or (CS) dio vuelta el vaso
to tip the balance o the scales — inclinar la balanza a su (or mi etc) favor
he tipped the scales at 72kg — (colloq) pesó 72 kilos
b) (pour, throw) tirar, botar (AmL exc RPl)it's tipping it down outside — (BrE colloq) está lloviendo a cántaros
3)a) (predict, forecast) (BrE)to tip the winner — pronosticar* quién va a ser el ganador
he is widely tipped as the next party leader — todos los pronósticos coinciden en que será el próximo líder del partido
b) (warn, inform) (AmE) avisar(le a), pasarle el dato a (CS), darle* un chivatazo a (Esp fam)
2.
vi1) ( give gratuity) dar* propina2) ( tilt) inclinarse, ladearse3) ( dump rubbish) (BrE)no tipping — prohibido arrojar basura/escombros
•Phrasal Verbs:- tip off- tip over- tip up -
26 scale
I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) skala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) skala; -skala3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) skala4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) skala; målestoksforhold5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) omfangII [skeil] verb(to climb (a ladder, cliff etc): The prisoner scaled the prison walls and escaped.) klatreIII [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) skæl- scaly* * *I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) skala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) skala; -skala3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) skala4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) skala; målestoksforhold5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) omfangII [skeil] verb(to climb (a ladder, cliff etc): The prisoner scaled the prison walls and escaped.) klatreIII [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) skæl- scaly -
27 scale
I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) lestvica2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) lestvica3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) lestvica4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) merilo5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) obsegII [skeil] verb(to climb (a ladder, cliff etc): The prisoner scaled the prison walls and escaped.) povzpeti seIII [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) luska- scaly* * *I [skéil]1.nounmusiclestvica, skala; figuratively lestvica (družbena itd.); stopnja; merilo, mera; razmerje; obseg; številčni sestavat a scale of 1 inch to 1 mile — v merilu (razmerju) 1 cola: 1 miljaon a scale economy ob različnih tečajnih vrednostihto play (to sing, to run over) one's scale music vaditi skale, vaditi prste za instrument ali glas za petjeto sink in the scale — zdrkniti navzdol na lestvi, v nivoju;2.transitive verb(s)plezati, povzpeti se (z lestvijo figuratively), vzpenjati se (na); določiti (merilo); dvigniti (cene); military napasti, jurišati z lestvami (na trdnjavsko obzidje); risati meriloto scale down — znižati (mezde, plače)to scale up — povišati (cene); intransitive verb plezati, vzpenjati seto scale down — upasti, pastito scale up — kvišku plezati, dvigati seII [skéil]1.nounskledica pri tehtnici; plural tehtnica; tehtanje (zlasti pred in po konjski dirki)the Scales astronomy Tehtnicato go to scale figuratively biti premaganto hold the scales even — držati tehtnico v ravnotežju, figuratively soditi nepristransko, objektivnoto throw one's influence into scale figuratively zastaviti ves svoj vplivto throw one's sword into the scale figuratively podpreti svojo zahtevo z orožjemto turn the scale figuratively odločitiit turned the scale into my favour — to je nagnilo tehtnico v mojo korist;2.transitive verbtehtati (tudi figuratively); intransitive verb (redko) biti težak, tehtati, biti stehtan (zlasti pred in po konjski dirki)III [skéil]1.nounluska, luskina (ribe itd.); zoology košeniljka; medicine zobni kamen; usedlina, kotlovec; tanka plast, obloga; technical vžigalothe scales fell from his eyes figuratively oči so se mu odprle, spregledal jeto remove the scale — odstraniti zobni kamen ali kotlovec;2.transitive verbostrgati (luske), (o)luščiti; technical sestrugati, ostrugati, očistiti od kotlovca; odstraniti (zobni kamen); intransitive verb luščiti seto scale almonds, peas — oluščiti mandlje, grahto scale s.o.'s teeth — odstraniti komu zobni kamento scale off — luščiti se; osmukati se (listje) -
28 Pan
I noun1) [Koch]topf, der; (for frying) Pfanne, die2) (of scales) Schale, die3) (Brit.): (of WC)[lavatory] pan — Toilettenschüssel, die
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/89778/pan_out">pan outII 1.(Cinemat., Telev.)transitive verb - nn- schwenken2. intransitive verb- nn- schwenken (to auf + Akk.)panning shot — Schwenk, der
* * *I [pæn] noun1) (a metal pot usually with a long handle, used for cooking food: a frying-pan; a saucepan.) die Pfanne•- pancakeII [pæn] past tense, past participle - panned; verb(to move (a film or television camera) so as to follow a moving object or show a wide view: The camera panned slowly across to the other side of the street.) schwenken* * *pan1[pæn]vi FILM, COMPUT schwenkenpan2[pæn]I. npots and \pans Kochtöpfe pl, Kochgeschirr ntfrying/grill \pan Brat-/Grillpfanne fnon-stick \pan antihaftbeschichtete Pfanne5.II. vt<- nn->▪ to \pan sth etw [in der Pfanne] braten2. (wash)to \pan gold Gold waschento \pan a book/film einen Film/ein Buch verreißento get \panned verrissen werdenIII. vi<- nn->to \pan for gold Gold waschen* * *I [pn]1. n3) (in ground) Mulde f2. vt1) gold waschen3) (inf: slate) new play etc verreißen3. viII (FILM)1. n(Kamera)schwenk m2. vipanoramierenthe camera panned along the wall —
the camera panned in to the group in the centre — die Kamera schwenkte auf die Gruppe in der Mitte ein
3. vtthey panned the camera across the whole scene — sie fuhren mit der Kamera die ganze Szene ab
* * ** * *I noun1) [Koch]topf, der; (for frying) Pfanne, die2) (of scales) Schale, die3) (Brit.): (of WC)[lavatory] pan — Toilettenschüssel, die
Phrasal Verbs:- pan outII 1.(Cinemat., Telev.)transitive verb - nn- schwenken2. intransitive verb- nn- schwenken (to auf + Akk.)panning shot — Schwenk, der
* * *n.Pfanne -n f.Tiegel - m. -
29 pan
I noun1) [Koch]topf, der; (for frying) Pfanne, die2) (of scales) Schale, die3) (Brit.): (of WC)[lavatory] pan — Toilettenschüssel, die
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/89778/pan_out">pan outII 1.(Cinemat., Telev.)transitive verb - nn- schwenken2. intransitive verb- nn- schwenken (to auf + Akk.)panning shot — Schwenk, der
* * *I [pæn] noun1) (a metal pot usually with a long handle, used for cooking food: a frying-pan; a saucepan.) die Pfanne•- pancakeII [pæn] past tense, past participle - panned; verb(to move (a film or television camera) so as to follow a moving object or show a wide view: The camera panned slowly across to the other side of the street.) schwenken* * *pan1[pæn]vi FILM, COMPUT schwenkenpan2[pæn]I. npots and \pans Kochtöpfe pl, Kochgeschirr ntfrying/grill \pan Brat-/Grillpfanne fnon-stick \pan antihaftbeschichtete Pfanne5.II. vt<- nn->▪ to \pan sth etw [in der Pfanne] braten2. (wash)to \pan gold Gold waschento \pan a book/film einen Film/ein Buch verreißento get \panned verrissen werdenIII. vi<- nn->to \pan for gold Gold waschen* * *I [pn]1. n3) (in ground) Mulde f2. vt1) gold waschen3) (inf: slate) new play etc verreißen3. viII (FILM)1. n(Kamera)schwenk m2. vipanoramierenthe camera panned along the wall —
the camera panned in to the group in the centre — die Kamera schwenkte auf die Gruppe in der Mitte ein
3. vtthey panned the camera across the whole scene — sie fuhren mit der Kamera die ganze Szene ab
* * *pan1 [pæn]A sb) Topf m2. TECH Pfanne f, Tiegel m, Becken n, Mulde f, Trog m, Schale f, (besonders Br auch Klosett)Schüssel f3. Schale f (einer Waage)4. Mulde f (im Erdboden)6. TECHa) Rührwäsche f (zur Aufbereitung von Goldsand)b) Setzkasten m7. TECH Türangelpfanne f9. a) Wasserloch nb) Salzteich mc) künstliches Salz(wasser)loch (zur Gewinnung von Siedesalz)10. ANATa) Hirnschale fb) Kniescheibe f11. (treibende) Eisscholle12. sl Visage f13. umg Verriss m, vernichtende Kritik:have sb on the pan jemanden fertigmachen umgB v/t2. Salz durch Sieden gewinnen3. umg verreißen, vernichtend kritisierena) ergiebig sein (an Gold),b) umg sich bezahlt machen, klappen:pan out well hinhauen, einschlagenpan2 [pæn]A v/t die Filmkamera schwenken, fahrenB v/i1. panoramieren, die (Film)Kamera fahren oder schwenken2. schwenken (Kamera)C s1. FILM Schwenk m2. FOTO panchromatischer Filmpan3 [pæn] s ARCH1. Fach n2. Wandplatte fpan4 [pæn; US pɑːn] s1. BOT Betelpfefferblatt n2. Betel m (Reiz- und Genussmittel)* * *I noun1) [Koch]topf, der; (for frying) Pfanne, die2) (of scales) Schale, die3) (Brit.): (of WC)[lavatory] pan — Toilettenschüssel, die
Phrasal Verbs:- pan outII 1.(Cinemat., Telev.)transitive verb - nn- schwenken2. intransitive verb- nn- schwenken (to auf + Akk.)panning shot — Schwenk, der
* * *n.Pfanne -n f.Tiegel - m. -
30 scale
scale [skeɪl]1. noun• on a large/small scale sur une grande/petite échelleb. [of map] échelle fe. [of fish] écaille ff. → scalesa. [+ wall, mountain] escaladerb. [+ fish] écaillerc. [+ teeth] détartrer3. compounds(US) = scale down► scale down separable transitive verb réduire ; [+ drawing] réduire l'échelle de ; [+ production] réduire* * *[skeɪl] 1.1) ( extent) (of crisis, disaster, success, violence) étendue f; (of reform, development, defeat, recession, task) ampleur f; (of activity, operation) envergure f; (of support, change) degré mon a large/small scale — [map] à grande/petite échelle
on a modest scale — [building] d'une ampleur modeste
to do something on a large scale — fig faire quelque chose sur une grande échelle
2) ( grading system) échelle fpay scale —
3) (for maps, models) échelle f4) ( on gauge etc) graduation f5) ( for weighing) balance f6) Music gamme f7) (on fish, insect) écaille f2.scales plural noun balance f3.transitive verb1) ( climb) escalader2) ( take scales off) écailler•Phrasal Verbs:- scale up•• -
31 tip
tip [tɪp]1. nounb. ( = money) pourboire mc. ( = advice) conseil ma. ( = reward) donner un pourboire à• he tipped the waiter £3 il a donné 3 livres de pourboire au serveurb. ( = forecast) pronostiquerc. ( = tilt) pencher ; ( = overturn) faire basculer ; ( = pour) [+ liquid] verser ( into dans) ( out of de ) ; [+ load, rubbish] déversera. ( = incline) pencher ; ( = overturn) se renverser• "no tipping" (British) « défense de déposer des ordures »4. compounds• to give sb a tip-off donner un tuyau (inf) à qn ; (police informant) donner (inf) qn ► tip-up seat noun strapontin m• he was arrested after someone tipped off the police il a été arrêté après avoir été dénoncé à la police► tip out separable transitive verb[+ liquid, contents] vider ; [+ load] décharger► tip over( = tilt) pencher ; ( = overturn) basculer* * *[tɪp] 1.1) ( end) (of stick, sword, pen, shoe, cue, ski, spire, landmass) pointe f; (of branch, leaf, shoot, tail, feather) extrémité f; (of finger, nose, tongue, wing) bout m; ( protective cover) ( on umbrella) pointe f; ( on shoe heel) bout m ferré2) GB ( waste dump) décharge f3) (colloq) GB ( mess) fouillis m4) ( gratuity) pourboire ma £5 tip — 5 livres de pourboire
5) ( practical hint) truc (colloq) m, conseil m; (in betting, speculation) tuyau (colloq) m2.- tipped combining form3.silver-/pink-/spiky-tiped — à bout argenté/rose/pointu
transitive verb (p prés etc - pp-)to tip the balance ou scales — fig faire pencher la balance
to tip somebody over the edge — fig faire basculer quelqu'un
2) ( predict)to tip somebody/something to win — prédire que quelqu'un/quelque chose va gagner
3) ( give money to) donner un pourboire à [waiter, driver]to tip somebody £5 — donner 5 livres de pourboire à quelqu'un
4) ( put something on the end of) recouvrir le bout de [sword, cane, heel]5) ( gently push)4.to tip the ball over the net/past the goalkeeper — frapper la balle délicatement pour l'envoyer de l'autre côté du filet/dans le but
intransitive verb (p prés etc - pp-)1) ( tilt) s'inclinerto tip forward/back — pencher vers l'avant/vers l'arrière
2) fig [balance, scales] pencher•Phrasal Verbs:- tip down- tip off- tip out- tip over- tip up -
32 tip
A n1 ( end) (of stick, branch, shoot, leaf, sword, pen, shoe, nose, tongue, finger, wing) bout m, pointe f ; (of tail, feather, cue) bout m ; (of ski, spire, island, landmass) pointe f ; to stand on the tips of one's toes être sur la pointe des pieds ; at the southernmost tip of Italy à la pointe la plus au sud de l'Italie ;5 ( gratuity) pourboire m ; to give/leave a tip donner/laisser un pourboire ; a £5 tip 5 livres de pourboire ;6 ( hint) truc ○ m, conseil m ; sewing/safety tips conseils pour la couture/de sécurité ; a tip for doing ou on how to do un conseil pour faire ; I'll give you a tip, let me give you a tip un conseil d'ami ; take a tip from me, take my tip suis mon conseil ; take a tip from your sister prends exemple sur ta sœur ;1 (tilt, incline) incliner [object, bowl, seat] ; to tip sth forward/back/to one side incliner qch vers l'avant/vers l'arrière/sur le côté ; to tip sth onto its side mettre qch sur le côté ; to tip one's chair back se balancer sur sa chaise ; to tip sb off his ou her chair faire tomber qn de sa chaise ; to tip one's hat soulever son chapeau (to sb pour saluer qn) ; to tip the scales at 60 kg peser 60 kilos ;2 (pour, empty) to tip sth into/onto/out of sth verser qch dans/sur/de qch ; to tip sth upside down retourner qch ; to tip sth down the sink verser qch dans l'évier ; to tip sth away jeter qch ;3 fig (push, overbalance) to tip sth over 50% faire passer à qch la barre des 50% ; to tip the economy into recession faire basculer l'économie dans la récession ; to tip sb over the edge ( mentally) faire basculer qn ; to tip the balance ou scales faire pencher la balance (in favour of en faveur de) ; to tip the result the other way inverser les résultats ;4 (throw away, dump) [person, lorry] déverser [waste] ; to tip sth by the roadside/in the countryside déverser qch le long de la route/dans la campagne ; to tip sth into a pit verser qch dans un trou ;5 (forecast, predict) to tip sb/sth to win prédire que qn/qch va gagner ; to tip sb as the next president prédire que qn sera le prochain président ; to tip sb for a job prédire que qn aura un poste ; to be tipped as a future champion/for promotion être donné comme futur champion/candidat à une promotion ; to be tipped for the top se voir prédire un avenir brillant ;6 ( give money to) donner un pourboire à [waiter, driver] ; to tip sb £5 donner 5 livres de pourboire à qn ; how much should I tip (the porter)? combien dois-je laisser de pourboire (au porteur)? ;7 ( put something on the end of) recouvrir le bout de [sword, cane, heel] (with avec) ; to tip sth with red paint peindre le bout de qch en rouge ; to be tipped with red paint avoir le bout peint en rouge ; to tip an arrow with poison empoisonner la pointe d'une flèche ;8 Sport (touch, gently push) to tip the ball over the net/past the goalkeeper frapper la balle délicatement pour l'envoyer de l'autre côté du filet/dans le but.1 ( tilt) [seat, object] s'incliner ; to tip forward/back/onto one side pencher vers l'avant/vers l'arrière/sur le côté ;2 fig [balance, scales] pencher (in favour of sb, in sb's favour en faveur de qn).▶ it ou the rain is tipping (it) down il tombe des cordes ○.■ tip off:▶ tip off [sb], tip [sb] off avertir, donner un tuyau ○ à [person, police] ; to tip sb off about sth avertir qn de qch ; to be tipped off être averti.■ tip out:▶ tip out [sth], tip [sth] out vider [drawer, contents].■ tip over:▶ tip over [sth], tip [sth] over faire basculer [chair, cupboard] ; renverser [bucket, cup, stack, pile].■ tip up:▶ tip up s'incliner, se pencher ;▶ tip up [sth], tip [sth] up incliner [cup, bottle] ; pencher [chair, wardrobe]. -
33 fast
̈ɪfɑ:st I
1. сущ. пост а) отрезок времени в 7 недель перед Рождеством Христовым б) соблюдение норм и правил, характерных для этого периода времени to observe a fast ≈ соблюдать пост a clean fast is better than a dirty breakfast ≈ беднее, да честнее
2. гл.
1) поститься, воздерживаться от скоромной пищи
2) голодать II
1. прил.
1) крепкий, твердый;
стойкий hold fast to fast coupling
2) а) быстрый, скорый Syn: quick, prompt, swift, rapid б) неточный, спешащий My watch is fast. ≈ Мои часы спешат. Syn: inaccurate, inexact
3) фривольный;
легкомысленный, несерьезный Syn: frivolous, ribald ∙ fast and loose ≈ непостоянный, изменчивый, ненадежный to play fast and loose ≈ (with) поступать безответственно (с) ;
быть непоследовательным, ненадежным;
нарушать обещание
2. нареч.
1) крепко, прочно, сильно to sleep fast ≈ крепко спать We can only try to hold fast to the age-old values of honesty, decency and concern for others. ≈ Мы можем только стараться твердо придерживаться таких традиционных ценностей как честность, порядочность и внимание к другим. Syn: violently, strongly, firmly, fixedly
2) быстро, часто;
скоро Syn: quickly, rapidly, swiftly
3) а) тесно, крепко Syn: tightly, securely б) близко, рядом The next bush was me fast beside. ≈ Следующий куст был как раз рядом со мной. Syn: close, hard
4) легкомысленно live fast ∙ fast by/beside ≈ совсем рядом stand fast! воен. ≈ стой!
3. сущ.
1) мор. причал, швартов
2) горн. штрек;
первый толстый слой породы запор, задвижка - door * дверной засов - window * оконная задвижка, шпингалет( морское) швартов (геология) первый твердый слой породы припай( лед, примерзший к берегам) прочный, крепкий - hard and * rule жесткое правило - * grip крепкая хватка - to take /to have/ * hold of smth. крепко ухватиться /держаться/ за что-л. - she kept a * hold on her purse она не выпускала из рук свою сумочку твердый прочный, прочно закрепленный или прикрепленный - * roof (горное) устойчивая кровля - to make * закреплять, привязывать( лодку и т. п.) ;
запирать - all the drawers were made * все ящики были заперты - movable items were made * to the deck все подвижные предметы были принайтовлены к палубе - a shell * in the chamber of a gun снаряд, застрявший в пушке нелиняющий, прочный ( о краске) - * to light( специальное) свотопрочный стойкий, верный - * friend верный друг - * foe заклятый враг( устаревшее) крепко спящий( устаревшее) крепкий, глубокий( о сне) прочно, крепко, твердо - to be * asleep крепко спать - the lake was frozen * озеро покрылось толстым слоем льда накрепко - he was * bound by the feet ему крепко связали ноги - the door was * shut дверь была плотно закрыта - to stick * безнадежно застрять;
ни с места (тж. перен.) - the car stuck * in the mud машина завязла в грязи верно, преданно > stand *! (военное) стой! > * by /beside/ совсем рядом скорый, быстрый - * horse быстрый конь - * tank быстроходный танк - * train скорый поезд - he is a * worker он быстро работает - * neutron( физическое) быстрый нейтрон - * fission( физическое) деление быстрыми нейтронами - * milker( сельскохозяйственное) легкодойная корова приспособленный для быстрого движения или быстрой езды - * track( железнодорожное) линия, приспособленная для быстрого движения поездов - * tennis-court хороший теннисный корт спешащий (о часах) - my watch is 5 minutes * мои часы на 5 минут спешат неточный, показывающий больший вес( о весах) - the scales are 2 g * весы показывают на 2 грамма больше легкомысленный, фривольный - the * set кутилы, гуляки - * woman женщина нестрогих правил - to lead a * life вести беспутную жизнь, прожигать жизнь > * time "летнее" время > to pull a * one (on) (американизм) обманывать, надувать, мошенничать > * and furious веселый и шумный( об играх и т. п.) ;
живой, активный быстро, скоро - to run * бежать быстро - her tears fell * ее слезы закапали одна за другой - his health was breaking * его здоровье быстро ухудшалось - give me a cup of coffee and make it * дайте мне чашку кофе, да поскорей легкомысленно;
беспутно - to live * прожигать /вести беспутную/ жизнь пост - * day, a day for a general * постный день - to observe the *s and feasts of the church соблюдать церковные посты и праздники - to break( one's) * разговеться голодание( лечебное) ;
строгая диета голодовка( заключенного и т. п.) > a clean * is better than a dirty breakfast лучше беднее, да честнее поститься голодать, не есть - I have been *ing since breakfast я ничего не ел с самого завтрака ~ крепко, сильно, прочно;
fast shut плотно закрытый;
to be fast asleep крепко спать ~ пост;
to break (one's) fast разговеться;
a clean fast is better than a dirty breakfast = беднее, да честнее ~ пост;
to break (one's) fast разговеться;
a clean fast is better than a dirty breakfast = беднее, да честнее fast быстро, часто;
скоро ~ быстро ~ вчт. быстродействующий ~ быстрый ~ крепкий ~ крепко, сильно, прочно;
fast shut плотно закрытый;
to be fast asleep крепко спать ~ неточный;
the watch is fast часы спешат;
the scales are fast весы показывают больший вес ~ пост;
to break (one's) fast разговеться;
a clean fast is better than a dirty breakfast = беднее, да честнее ~ поститься ~ прочный, крепкий, твердый;
стойкий;
закрепленный;
fast colour прочная краска;
fast friendship прочная дружба ~ прочный ~ скорый, быстрый;
fast train скорый поезд;
fast neutron физ. быстрый нейтрон;
fast track ж.-д. линия с движением поездов большой скорости ~ скорый ~ фривольный;
легкомысленный;
a fast set кутящее общество;
to lead a fast life вести беспутную жизнь;
прожигать жизнь;
a fast prisoner узник ~ мор. швартов, причал ~ горн. штрек ~ tennis-court удобная, хорошая теннисная площадка;
fast and loose непостоянный, изменчивый, ненадежный to live ~ прожигать жизнь;
fast by (или beside) совсем рядом;
stand fast! воен. стой! ~ прочный, крепкий, твердый;
стойкий;
закрепленный;
fast colour прочная краска;
fast friendship прочная дружба ~ sleep беспробудный сон;
fast coupling тех. постоянная( соединительная) муфта ~ прочный, крепкий, твердый;
стойкий;
закрепленный;
fast colour прочная краска;
fast friendship прочная дружба ~ скорый, быстрый;
fast train скорый поезд;
fast neutron физ. быстрый нейтрон;
fast track ж.-д. линия с движением поездов большой скорости ~ фривольный;
легкомысленный;
a fast set кутящее общество;
to lead a fast life вести беспутную жизнь;
прожигать жизнь;
a fast prisoner узник ~ фривольный;
легкомысленный;
a fast set кутящее общество;
to lead a fast life вести беспутную жизнь;
прожигать жизнь;
a fast prisoner узник set: ~ круг людей, связанных общими интересами;
the smart set фешенебельное общество;
the fast set картежники ~ крепко, сильно, прочно;
fast shut плотно закрытый;
to be fast asleep крепко спать ~ sleep беспробудный сон;
fast coupling тех. постоянная ( соединительная) муфта ~ tennis-court удобная, хорошая теннисная площадка;
fast and loose непостоянный, изменчивый, ненадежный ~ скорый, быстрый;
fast train скорый поезд;
fast neutron физ. быстрый нейтрон;
fast track ж.-д. линия с движением поездов большой скорости ~ скорый, быстрый;
fast train скорый поезд;
fast neutron физ. быстрый нейтрон;
fast track ж.-д. линия с движением поездов большой скорости train: fast ~ скорый поезд ~ фривольный;
легкомысленный;
a fast set кутящее общество;
to lead a fast life вести беспутную жизнь;
прожигать жизнь;
a fast prisoner узник to live ~ прожигать жизнь;
fast by (или beside) совсем рядом;
stand fast! воен. стой! to make ~ закреплять to make ~ запирать (дверь) to play ~ and loose (with) поступать безответственно (с) ;
быть непоследовательным, ненадежным;
нарушать обещание ~ неточный;
the watch is fast часы спешат;
the scales are fast весы показывают больший вес to live ~ прожигать жизнь;
fast by (или beside) совсем рядом;
stand fast! воен. стой! stand: ~ держаться;
быть устойчивым, прочным;
устоять;
to stand fast стойко держаться;
the house still stands дом еще держится ~ неточный;
the watch is fast часы спешат;
the scales are fast весы показывают больший вес -
34 tip
I 1. [tɪp]1) (end) (of stick, leaf, sword, wing, tail, ski) punta f., estremità f.; (of pen, shoe, nose, tongue, finger) punta f.2) (protective cover) (of umbrella) puntale m.; (of shoe heel) rinforzo m.2.II [tɪp]silver-tipped — con la o dalla punta argentata
verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - pp-) (put something on the end of) ricoprire la punta di [sword, cane, heel]III [tɪp]nome BE1) (waste dump) discarica f.2) colloq. (mess) immondezzaio m., pattumiera f.IV 1. [tɪp]to tip sth. to one side — inclinare qcs. da un lato
to tip sth. onto its side — mettere qcs. sul fianco
to tip the scales at 60 kg — toccare i, pesare 60 chili
2) (pour)to tip sth. upside down — rovesciare o ribaltare qcs.
to tip sth. down the sink — versare qcs. nello scarico del lavandino
to tip sth. away — buttare qcs
4) fig.to tip sb. over the edge — fare uscire qcn. di testa
2.to tip the balance o scales — fare pendere l'ago della bilancia ( in favour of dalla parte di, a favore di)
1) (tilt) [seat, object] inclinarsito tip forward, back — inclinarsi in avanti, (all')indietro
2) fig. [balance, scales] pendere (in favour of sb., in sb.'s favour dalla parte di qcn., a favore di qcn.)•- tip down- tip out- tip over- tip upV [tɪp]1) (gratuity) mancia f.2) (hint) suggerimento m., consiglio m.3) (in betting) soffiata f.VI [tɪp]1) (predict)to tip sb., sth. to win — dare qcn., qcs. come vincente
2) (give money to) dare la mancia a [waiter, driver]to tip sb. Ј 5 — dare 5 sterline di mancia a qcn
•- tip offVII [tɪp]* * *I 1. [tip] noun(the small or thin end, point or top of something: the tips of my fingers.)2. verb(to put, or form, a tip on: The spear was tipped with an iron point.)- tipped- tip-top
- be on the tip of one's tongue II 1. [tip] past tense, past participle - tipped; verb1) (to (make something) slant: The boat tipped to one side.)2) (to empty (something) from a container, or remove (something) from a surface, with this kind of motion: He tipped the water out of the bucket.)3) (to dump (rubbish): People have been tipping their rubbish in this field.)2. noun(a place where rubbish is thrown: a refuse/rubbish tip.)- tip overIII 1. [tip] noun(a gift of money given to a waiter etc, for personal service: I gave him a generous tip.)2. verb(to give such a gift to.)IV [tip] noun(a piece of useful information; a hint: He gave me some good tips on/about gardening.)- tip off* * *I 1. [tɪp]1) (end) (of stick, leaf, sword, wing, tail, ski) punta f., estremità f.; (of pen, shoe, nose, tongue, finger) punta f.2) (protective cover) (of umbrella) puntale m.; (of shoe heel) rinforzo m.2.II [tɪp]silver-tipped — con la o dalla punta argentata
verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - pp-) (put something on the end of) ricoprire la punta di [sword, cane, heel]III [tɪp]nome BE1) (waste dump) discarica f.2) colloq. (mess) immondezzaio m., pattumiera f.IV 1. [tɪp]to tip sth. to one side — inclinare qcs. da un lato
to tip sth. onto its side — mettere qcs. sul fianco
to tip the scales at 60 kg — toccare i, pesare 60 chili
2) (pour)to tip sth. upside down — rovesciare o ribaltare qcs.
to tip sth. down the sink — versare qcs. nello scarico del lavandino
to tip sth. away — buttare qcs
4) fig.to tip sb. over the edge — fare uscire qcn. di testa
2.to tip the balance o scales — fare pendere l'ago della bilancia ( in favour of dalla parte di, a favore di)
1) (tilt) [seat, object] inclinarsito tip forward, back — inclinarsi in avanti, (all')indietro
2) fig. [balance, scales] pendere (in favour of sb., in sb.'s favour dalla parte di qcn., a favore di qcn.)•- tip down- tip out- tip over- tip upV [tɪp]1) (gratuity) mancia f.2) (hint) suggerimento m., consiglio m.3) (in betting) soffiata f.VI [tɪp]1) (predict)to tip sb., sth. to win — dare qcn., qcs. come vincente
2) (give money to) dare la mancia a [waiter, driver]to tip sb. Ј 5 — dare 5 sterline di mancia a qcn
•- tip offVII [tɪp] -
35 nice
naɪs прил.
1) а) хороший, приятный, милый, славный (тж. ирон.) nice time ≈ славное время nice person ≈ приятный человек Syn: pleasing, agreeable б) хороший, хорошо сделанный nice shot ≈ хороший выстрел Syn: good в) соответствующий, подходящий Syn: appropriate, fitting
2) а) любезный, внимательный that's nice of you to say ≈ очень любезно с вашей стороны сказать... Syn: polite, kind б) тактичный;
воспитанный, благовоспитанный Syn: well-bred в) добродетельный, приличный Syn: virtuous, respectable
3) а) изящный, сделанный со вкусом;
элегантный б) изысканный( о манерах, стиле)
4) острый;
тонкий nice ear nice observer
5) а) точный, тонкий, чувствительный( о механизме) б) тонкий, требующий большой точности, деликатности nice question ≈ щекотливый вопрос Syn: accurate
6) а) аккуратный;
педантичный;
подробный, скрупулезный, тщательный б) разборчивый, привередливый, придирчивый;
щепетильный ∙ Syn: particular, accurate, punctilious
7) уст. распущенный;
застенчивый, жеманный
8) в конструкции с союзом and и вторым прилагательным имеет эмоционально-усилительное значение The train is going nice and fast. ≈ Поезд идет быстро. хороший, приятный, милый, славный - * face хорошее лицо - * smile приятная улыбка - * boy славный мальчик - * home уютная квартира;
хорошенький домик - * little girl милая девчушка - * day приятный /погожий, хороший/ день - * to the taste приятный на вкус - to look * иметь привлекательную внешность - (how) * to see you! (как я) рад(а) вас видеть! (приветствие) ;
как хорошо, что вы пришли( ироничное) хорошенький - you've got us into a * mess! в хорошенькую историю вы нас втянули! - a * state of affairs! хорошенькое дело! - here is a * muddle! ну и путаница! - a * one to talk ему хорошо говорить;
ему бы помолчать изящный, элегантный;
сделанный со вкусом - very * in one's dress изящно /элегантно/ одетый вкусный, аппетитный - * cooking хорошая кухня (of, to, about) любезный, внимательный, тактичный - this is very * of you это с вашей стороны очень любезно /мило/ - he was very * to me он был со мной очень любезен /приветлив, мил/ - he was very * about the incident во время этого инцидента он проявил большой такт скромный, благовоспитанный - * people порядочные люди - * girls do not do that порядочные девушки так не поступают требующий большой точности, осторожности, щепетильности;
трудный, сложный( о вопросе и т. п.) - * question щекотливый /деликатный/ вопрос - negotiations needing * handling переговоры, требующие осторожного и тонкого подхода - a * point of law сложный юридический вопрос - one of the *st problems for a man to solve одна из труднейших задач, которые приходилось решать человеку (преим. с отрицанием) щепетильный;
(морально) безукоризненный, безупречный - he is not too * in his business methods он не слишком щепетилен в деловых вопросах - to be not too * about the means не особенно стесняться /не быть слишком щепетильным/ в выборе средств уместный, тактичный - not a * remark не очень уместное замечание - it is not a * song это неподходящая /не вполне пристойная/ песня острый;
тонкий;
чуткий - * distinction тонкое различие - * ear тонкий /острый/ слух, чуткое ухо - * judgement тонкое и верное суждение - a * shade of meaning тонкий оттенок значения - * eye for distances хороший глазомер - he has a * eye for these delicate differences он хорошо разбирается в этих тончайших оттенках - a * sense of honour обостренное /высокоразвитое/ чувство чести точный;
тщательный, подробный, скрупулезный - * inquiry тщательное /подробное/ расследование - * observer внимательный наблюдатель, наблюдательный человек - weighed in the *st scales взвешенный на самых точных весах разборчивый, взыскательный;
придирчивый;
изысканный (о манерах, слоге) - * critic взыскательный /разборчивый/ критик - * in one's food привередливый /разборчивый/ в еде - * taste изысканный вкус - * taste in art тонкое понимание искусства - too * in her dress слишком разборчива /придирчива/ в отношении одежды;
на нее трудно угодить( эмоционально-усилительно) (в конструкции с союзом and и вторым прилагательным) - the place is * and healthy это очень здоровая местность - I hope it will be * and fine надеюсь, что погода не подведет /что все будет в порядке/ - you'll be * and ill in the morning к утру вы обязательно расхвораетесь - aren't we going * and fast? хорошая скорость, правда? - I didn't like his speech but at least it was * and short его речь мне не понравилась, но, к счастью, она скоро кончилась (устаревшее) (притворно-) застенчивый;
жеманный ~ разборчивый, привередливый;
придирчивый, щепетильный;
he is nice in his food он привередлив в еде a ~ state of affairs! хорошенькое положение дел!;
here is a nice mess I am in! в хорошенькую переделку я попал! it is ~ and warm today сегодня довольно тепло;
the train is going nice and fast поезд идет довольно быстро ~ требующий большой точности или деликатности;
a nice question щекотливый вопрос;
negotiations needing nice handling переговоры, требующие осторожного и тонкого подхода nice аккуратный;
тщательный, подробный, скрупулезный ~ изысканный (о манерах, стиле) ~ изящный, сделанный со вкусом;
элегантный ~ любезный, внимательный;
тактичный ~ острый;
тонкий;
a nice ear тонкий слух ~ разборчивый, привередливый;
придирчивый, щепетильный;
he is nice in his food он привередлив в еде ~ уст. своенравный, глупый ~ сладкий, вкусный ~ точный, тонкий, чувствительный (о механизме) ;
weighed in the nicest scales взвешено на самых точных весах ~ требующий большой точности или деликатности;
a nice question щекотливый вопрос;
negotiations needing nice handling переговоры, требующие осторожного и тонкого подхода ~ хороший, приятный, милый, славный (тж. ирон.) ;
a nice boy хороший парень;
nice weather хорошая погода;
nice home хорошенький домик ~ хороший, приятный, милый, славный (тж. ирон.) ;
a nice boy хороший парень;
nice weather хорошая погода;
nice home хорошенький домик ~ острый;
тонкий;
a nice ear тонкий слух ~ хороший, приятный, милый, славный (тж. ирон.) ;
a nice boy хороший парень;
nice weather хорошая погода;
nice home хорошенький домик ~ judgement тонкое, правильное суждение;
a nice observer внимательный, тонкий наблюдатель ~ a ~ and в соединении с другим прилагательным часто означает довольно ~ judgement тонкое, правильное суждение;
a nice observer внимательный, тонкий наблюдатель ~ требующий большой точности или деликатности;
a nice question щекотливый вопрос;
negotiations needing nice handling переговоры, требующие осторожного и тонкого подхода a ~ shade of meaning тонкий оттенок значения;
a nice taste in literature хороший, тонкий литературный вкус a ~ state of affairs! хорошенькое положение дел!;
here is a nice mess I am in! в хорошенькую переделку я попал! a ~ shade of meaning тонкий оттенок значения;
a nice taste in literature хороший, тонкий литературный вкус ~ хороший, приятный, милый, славный (тж. ирон.) ;
a nice boy хороший парень;
nice weather хорошая погода;
nice home хорошенький домик it is ~ and warm today сегодня довольно тепло;
the train is going nice and fast поезд идет довольно быстро ~ точный, тонкий, чувствительный (о механизме) ;
weighed in the nicest scales взвешено на самых точных весах -
36 balance
1. n весыquick balance — безмен, пружинные весы
elevator balance — элеваторные весы; компенсатор руля высоты
2. n чаша весовto tip the balance — склонять чашу весов, давать перевес
3. n равновесие; состояние равновесияoff balance — неустойчивый, шаткий
kept balance — сохранил равновесие; сохраненный равновесие
4. n душевное равновесие; спокойствие; уравновешенность5. n пропорциональность; гармоническое сочетание6. n решающий фактор; решающее влияние или значениеto old the balance — осуществлять контроль, распоряжаться
7. n противовес, компенсатор; гиря8. n маятник, балансир, баланс9. n фин. баланс; сальдо; остатокtrade balance, balance of trade — торговый баланс
sterling balances — стерлинговые счета, стерлинговые авуары
balances with foreign banks — остатки на счетах в заграничных банках, иностранные авуары
balance in hand — денежная наличность, наличность кассы
10. n разг. остаток11. n астр. Весы12. n спорт. брусья13. n спорт. стойкаto weigh in the balance — взвешивать, обсуждать, оценивать
14. v балансировать, сохранять равновесие, быть в равновесии15. v приводить в равновесие; уравновешивать, уравнивать16. v удовлетворять потребность17. v бухг. подсчитывать, подытоживать; сводить, заключать, закрывать; погашать; подбивать балансbalance arm — спица; балансир
18. v бухг. сводиться, балансироватьсяbalance accounts — сводить счета; уравнять счет
draw up the balance — подводить баланс; сводить баланс
19. v бухг. взвешивать, определять вес20. v бухг. взвешивать, обдумывать; сопоставлять21. v бухг. медлить, колебаться22. v бухг. противопоставлять, нейтрализовать, компенсировать23. v бухг. спец. добавлять недостающее количество24. v бухг. делать балансеСинонимический ряд:1. equilibrium (noun) counterpoise; equality; equilibrium; equipoise; equiponderation; equivalence; self-control; stasis2. harmony (noun) harmony; proportion; symmetry3. measure (noun) measure; scale4. poise (noun) aplomb; composure; coolness; equanimity; poise; self-possession5. remainder (noun) excess; heel; leavings; leftovers; remainder; remains; remanet; remnant; residual; residue; residuum; rest; surplus6. scales (noun) beam; scales; steelyard7. stability (noun) stability; steadiness8. compare (verb) adjust; assay; collate; compare; compute; consider; estimate; evaluate; ponder; prove; reconcile; weigh9. compensate (verb) allow for; atone for; compensate; counteract; counterpoise; countervail; make up; make up for; neutralise; neutralize; offset; outweigh; readjust; redeem; set off10. equalise (verb) counterbalance; equalise; equalize; even; level; perch; poise; set; square; stabilise; stabilize; steadyАнтонимический ряд:asymmetry; disproportion; instability; subvert; tilt; upset -
37 scale
A n1 ( extent) (of crisis, disaster, success, violence) étendue f (of de) ; (of reform, development, defeat, recession, task) ampleur f (of de) ; (of activity, operation) envergure f (of de) ; (of support, change) degré m (of de) ; on a large/small scale à grande/petite échelle ; on an unexpected/a modest scale d'une ampleur inattendue/modeste ;2 ( grading system) échelle f ; pay scale, salary scale échelle des salaires ; social scale échelle sociale ; scale of values échelle de valeurs ; at the other end of the scale à l'autre bout de l'échelle ; on a scale of 1 to 10 sur une échelle allant de 1 à 10 ;3 (for maps, models) échelle f ; on a scale of 2 km to 1 cm à une échelle de 1 cm pour 2 km ; the model is out of ou not to scale la maquette n'est pas à l'échelle ;4 (on thermometer, gauge etc) graduation f ;5 ( for weighing) balance f ;C vtr1 ( climb) escalader [wall, peak, tower] ;2 ( take scales off) écailler [fish].the scales fell from my eyes tout d'un coup j'ai compris.■ scale back = scale down 2.■ scale down:▶ scale [sth] down, scale down [sth]1 ( reduce according to scale) réduire l'échelle de [drawing, map] ;■ scale up:▶ scale [sth] up, scale up [sth]1 lit augmenter l'échellle de [drawing, map] ;2 fig augmenter [activity, work]. -
38 tip
1 noun(a) (extremity → of ear, finger, nose) bout m; (→ of tongue) bout m, pointe f; (→ of cigarette, wing) bout m; (→ of blade, knife, fork) pointe f;∎ stand on the tips of your toes mettez-vous sur la pointe des pieds;∎ from tip to toe de la tête aux pieds;∎ six metres from tip to tip six mètres d'envergure ou de long;∎ his name is on the tip of my tongue j'ai son nom sur le bout de la langue(b) (of island, peninsula) extrémité f, pointe f;∎ figurative it's just the tip of the iceberg ce n'est que la partie émergée de l'iceberg∎ to give sb a tip (for race) donner un tuyau à qn; (for repairs, procedure) donner un tuyau ou un conseil à qn;∎ to take a tip from sb suivre le conseil de qn;∎ if you take my tip, you'll wait a bit longer before selling si vous voulez un bon conseil, attendez encore un peu avant de vendre;∎ any tips for the 4.30? avez-vous un tuyau pour la course de 16h30?;∎ Orlando's my tip je pense qu'Orlando va gagner;∎ 'Handy Tips for Successful Gardening' (book title) 'Comment réussir votre jardin'∎ to give sb a tip donner un pourboire à qn;∎ how big a tip shall I leave? combien de pourboire dois-je laisser?∎ an ivory-tipped cane une canne à pommeau d'ivoire;∎ arrows tipped with poison des flèches empoisonnées(b) (tilt, lean) incliner, pencher;∎ she tipped her head to one side elle a penché la tête sur le côté;∎ to tip one's hat to sb saluer qn d'un coup de chapeau;∎ to tip one's hat over one's eyes rabattre son chapeau sur ses yeux;∎ the boxer tipped the scales at 80 kg le boxeur pesait 80 kg;∎ figurative to tip the scales in sb's favour faire pencher la balance en faveur de qn;∎ the election tipped the balance of power avec les élections, l'équilibre des forces politiques a été inversé(c) (upset, overturn) renverser, faire chavirer;∎ I was tipped off my stool/into the water on m'a fait tomber de mon tabouret/dans l'eau∎ she tipped the sugar into the bowl elle a versé ou vidé le sucre dans le bol;∎ the lorry tipped the rubbish into the field le camion a déchargé ou déversé les déchets dans le champ(e) (winning horse) pronostiquer;∎ Orlando is tipped for the 2.30 or to win the 2.30 Orlando est donné gagnant dans la course de 14h30;∎ he tipped the winner il a pronostiqué ou donné le cheval gagnant;∎ figurative you've tipped a winner there vous avez trouvé un bon filon;∎ he's tipped to be the next president or as the next president on prédit ou pronostique qu'il sera le prochain président;∎ he is strongly tipped to become Home Secretary il est donné comme favori pour le poste de ministre de l'Intérieur;∎ familiar to tip sb the wink avertir qn□, prévenir qn□(f) (porter, waiter) donner un pourboire à;∎ she tipped him £1 elle lui a donné une livre de pourboire∎ to tip to the left pencher à gauche∎ no tipping (sign) défense de déposer des ordures(d) (give money) laisser un pourboire;∎ how much do you usually tip? combien de pourboire laissez-vous habituellement?►► tip cart tombereau m➲ tip backse rabattre en arrière, s'incliner en arrière;∎ don't tip back on your chair ne te balance pas sur ta chaisefaire basculer (en arrière);∎ don't tip your chair back too far ne te penche pas trop en arrière sur ta chaise∎ the rain is tipping down, it's tipping down (with rain) il pleut des cordes∎ (idiom) it's tipping it down il pleut des cordes∎ to tip the ball in claquer (le ballon) dans le panier(b) Typography monter en hors-texteavertir, prévenir;∎ the police had been tipped off about the robbery la police avait été avertie que le hold-up aurait lieu;∎ someone must have tipped them off quelqu'un a dû les prévenir∎ tip the tea out into the sink vide ou verse le thé dans l'évier;∎ she tipped the coins out into my hand elle a fait tomber les pièces dans ma main(b) (overturn, toss) faire basculer;∎ we were tipped out of the cart into the water on nous a fait basculer de la charrette pour nous faire tomber dans l'eau➲ tip over(b) (overturn → boat) chavirer, se renverserfaire basculer, renverser➲ tip up∎ the table tipped up when I sat on it la table a basculé quand je me suis assis dessus(b) (bucket, cup, vase) se renverser(a) (seat, table) faire basculer, rabattre(b) (upside down → bottle, barrel) renverser -
39 Ramsden, Jesse
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 6 October 1735 (?) Halifax, Yorkshire, Englandd. 5 November 1800 Brighton, Sussex, England[br]English instrument-maker who developed machines for accurately measuring angular and linear scales.[br]Jesse Ramsden was the son of an innkeeper but received a good general education: after attending the free school at Halifax, he was sent at the age of 12 to his uncle for further study, particularly in mathematics. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to a cloth-worker in Halifax and on completion of the apprenticeship in 1755 he moved to London to work as a clerk in a cloth warehouse. In 1758 he became an apprentice in the workshop of a London mathematical instrument-maker named Burton. He quickly gained the skill, particularly in engraving, and by 1762 he was able to set up on his own account. He married in 1765 or 1766 the youngest daughter of the optician John Dollond FRS (1706– 61) and received a share of Dollond's patent for making achromatic lenses.Ramsden's experience and reputation increased rapidly and he was generally regarded as the leading instrument-maker of his time. He opened a shop in the Haymarket and transferred to Piccadilly in 1775. His staff increased to about sixty workers and apprentices, and by 1789 he had constructed nearly 1,000 sextants as well as theodolites, micrometers, balances, barometers, quadrants and other instruments.One of Ramsden's most important contributions to precision measurement was his development of machines for obtaining accurate division of angular and linear scales. For this work he received a premium from the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude, who published his descriptions of the machines. For the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain, initiated by General William Roy FRS (1726–90) and continued by the Board of Ordnance, Ramsden supplied a 3 ft (91 cm) theodolite and steel measuring chains, and was also engaged to check the glass tubes used to measure the fundamental base line.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1786; Royal Society Copley Medal 1795. Member, Imperial Academy of St Petersburg 1794. Member, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1793.Bibliography1774, Description of a New Universal Equatorial Instrument, London; repub. 1791. 1777, Description of an Engine for Dividing Mathematical Instruments, London. 1779, Description of an Engine for Dividing Straight Lines on MathematicalInstruments, London.1779, "Description of two new micrometers", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 69:419–31.1782, "A new construction of eyeglasses for such telescopes as may be applied to mathematical instruments", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 73:94–99.Further ReadingR.S.Woodbury, 1961, History of the Lathe to 1850, Cleveland, Ohio; W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (both provide a brief description of Ramsden's dividing machines).RTS -
40 scale
I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) escala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) escala3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) escala4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) escala5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) escalaII [skeil] verb(to climb (a ladder, cliff etc): The prisoner scaled the prison walls and escaped.) escalarIII [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) escama- scaly* * *scale1[skeil] n 1 escama. 2 camada fina, crosta. 3 Ent cochonilha. • vi 1 escamar, remover escamas. 2 descascar. to scale off esfoliar.————————scale2[skeil] n 1 prato de balança. • vt pesar. the calf scales 125 pounds / o vitelo pesa 125 libras.————————scale3[skeil] n 1 escala, seqüência, série de graus. 2 graduação, régua, metro, instrumento de medida. 3 escala: proporção de tamanho. 4 extensão, tamanho. 5 Mus escala. • vi 1 reduzir, baixar em certa proporção. 2 representar em escala. 3 escalar, subir, ascender. on a large scale em larga escala. plain scale tamanho natural (desenho). reduced ( enlarged) scale escala reduzida (aumentada). to scale down reduzir proporcionalmente.
См. также в других словарях:
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