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101 pass
1. verb1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) gå/kjøre forbi, passere2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) sende rundt/videre; gå i arv3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) gå over ens forstand, overstige4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) kjøre forbi5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) tilbringe6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) godkjenne, vedta7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) forkynne, avgi kjennelse8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) gå over9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) bestå2. noun1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) fjellovergang, skar2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) adgangstegn/-kort; fribillett3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) bestått (karakter)4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) pasning•- passable- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass uppassereIsubst. \/pɑːs\/1) (fjell)pass, fjellovergang, skar2) ( luftfart) overflyging3) (trang) passasje, (fremkommelig) vei, gjennomgang4) passering, gjennomkjøring, krysning, tilnærmelse5) ( om eksamen) (vitnesbyrd om) bestått eksamen, det å bestå en eksamen6) adgangskort, adgangstegn, passerseddel, leidebrev7) ( militærvesen) passerseddel, permisjonsseddel8) ( fekting e.l.) utfall, støt9) krise, kritisk punkt, kritisk situasjon, vendepunkt10) (overført, hverdagslig) tilnærmelse12) ( om seiling) led, løp15) ( gammeldags) stredeat the last pass når det kommer til stykket, i siste instansbe at a pretty pass være ille ute, sitte fint i detdet står virkelig ille til\/nå sitter vi nydelig i detcome to a pretty pass toppe seg, bli kritiskcome to pass ( noe gammeldags) skje, tildra seg, hendecomplete pass (amer., fotball) godkjent pasningfree pass fribilletthold the pass holde skansen, forsvare sin sakmake a pass at gjøre et utfall mot, lange ut etter gjøre tilnærmelser til, gjøre kur til, flørte med bli nærgående motmesmeric passes ( magi e.l.) magnetiske strykningersell the pass ( overført) forråde saken oppgi stillingenIIverb \/pɑːs\/1) passere, gå forbi (hverandre), komme forbi, komme gjennom, komme over, kjøre forbi, reise gjennom2) gå forbi, kjøre forbi, komme forbi, reise forbi• please, let me pass!vær så snill å la meg komme forbi!\/kan jeg få komme forbi?3) la passere, slippe gjennom, la komme forbi, tre (igjennom)4) ( om tid e.l.) gå, svinne, dø ut5) ( om tid) tilbringe, fordrive• what can we do to pass the time?6) forandre(s), forandre seg, forvandle(s), gå over (til), bli tilnår vann koker, går det over til damp7) la gå rundt, gi, rekke, sende• pass (me) the salt, please!8) ( om eiendom e.l.) gå i arv, gå videre, gå over9) (ut)veksle13) passere, gå upåaktet hen, godta14) gå, (la) gjelde, være gangbar, passere15) finne sted, foregå, hende, skje• did you see what was passing?så du hva som skjedde?\/så du hva som foregikk16) gjennomgå, gjennomleve17) ( om eksamen e.l.) bestå, la stå, godkjenne, godtade bestod eksamen\/de klarte eksamen• will the play pass the censors?18) ( om falske penger e.l.) sette i omløp, (la) sirkulere, (forsøke å) brukede forsøkte seg med en sjekk uten dekning\/de prøvde å heve en ugyldig sjekk19) (parlamentarisk, om lov) vedta(s), bli vedtatt, bli godkjent, gå gjennom23) la defilere forbi, la passere forbi, la marsjere forbihun kjørte kjøttet gjennom kvernen\/hun malte kjøttet25) ( gammeldags) overtreffebe passed for active service bli kjent stridsdyktig, bestå kravene for militærtjenestelet pass la passere, la gå upåaktet hen se gjennom fingrene med• we'll let that pass, butdet får så være, men\/la gå, menpass along ( på buss e.l.) fortsette videre, gå fremover, la gå videre, sende videre• pass along!pass an oath se ➢ oathpass an ordeal se ➢ ordealpass a remark se ➢ remark, 1pass as\/for somebody\/something utgi seg for noen\/noe, (la) gå, gjelde, (la) passeregå for, bli regnet for, bli tatt forhan vil lett kunne gå for å være norsk \/ folk tar ham lett for å være norskpass away svinne bort, svinne hen, forsvinne sovne inn, vandre, dø reise bort, dra bort (om smerte, vrede e.l.) drive over, gå over ( om tid) fordrive, la gå opp i røyk, skusle bortpass by gå underpass down bringe videre, la gå i arv, føre videre, overleverepass hence gå bort, døpass in review se ➢ review, 1pass into komme inn på, få plass påpass off gå over, forsvinne, gi segforløpe, gåavverge, parere, reddepass on gå videre, fortsettegi, sende viderepass on to overlate tilpass (up)on a case se ➢ casepass over (la) gli over, føre overgå over, opphøreforbigå, ikke ense, la gå upåaktet henhoppe over, se bort fra, ignorere( overført) forbigå (ved forfremmelse)rekke, sende, gi viderevær så snill å rekke meg saltet\/kan du være så snill å rekke meg saltet?pass over to tilfallepass round sende rundt, la gå rundtpass something by in silence la noe bli forbigått i stillhetpass something off on somebody prakke noe på noenpass the buck se ➢ buck, 1pass the time of day (with) se ➢ time, 1pass through gå gjennom, passere gjennom, reise gjennom (overført, om utdannelse) gå gjennom, ta eksamen ved, passere( overført) gjennomgå, gå gjennom, opplevepass to tilfalleeiendommen gikk over på andre hender\/eiendommen fikk nye eierepass under gå under (et navn\/en identitet)pass unnoticed gå upåaktet henpass up ( hverdagslig) avslå, si nei takk tilgå glipp av -
102 day
[dei] 1. noun1) (the period from sunrise to sunset: She worked all day; The days are warm but the nights are cold.) dan2) (a part of this period eg that part spent at work: How long is your working day?; The school day ends at 3 o'clock; I see him every day.) dan3) (the period of twenty-four hours from one midnight to the next: How many days are in the month of September?) dan4) ((often in plural) the period of, or of the greatest activity, influence, strength etc of (something or someone): in my grandfather's day; in the days of steam-power.) v času...•- daybreak- day-dream 2. verbShe often day-dreams.) sanjariti- daylight- day school
- daytime
- call it a day
- day by day
- day in
- day out
- make someone's day
- one day
- some day
- the other day* * *[dei]noundan; obletnicaall day, all the day, all day long — ves danAmerican between two days — ponočislang call it a day — smatraj za opravljenoto give s.o. the time of the day — povedati komu, koliko je ura; pozdraviti gato have a day of it, to take a merry day of it — dobro se zabavati, uživatiif a day — natanko, nič več in nič manj odin the days of old — nekoč, prejevery other (third etc.) day — vsak drugi (tretji itd.) danone day or other — pred kratkim, nedavno, oni danto pass the time of the day — pogovarjati se, klepetatito know the time of day — biti buden, paziti, biti izkušen -
103 Raky, Anton
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 5 January 1868 Seelenberg, Taunus, Germanyd. 22 August 1943 Berlin, Germany[br]German inventor of rapid percussion drilling, entrepreneur in the exploration business.[br]While apprenticed at the drilling company of E. Przibilla, Raky already called attention by his reflections towards developing drilling methods and improving tools. Working as a drilling engineer in Alsace, he was extraordinarily successful in applying an entire new hydraulic boring system in which the rod was directly connected to the chisel. This apparatus, driven by steam, allowed extremely rapid percussions with very low lift.With some improvements, his boring rig drilled deep holes at high speed and at least doubled the efficiency of the methods hitherto used. His machine, which was also more reliable, was secured by a patent in 1895. With borrowed capital, he founded the Internationale Bohrgesellschaft in Strasbourg in the same year, and he began a career in the international exploration business that was unequalled as well as breathtaking. Until 1907 the total depth of the drillings carried out by the company was 1,000 km.Raky's rapid drilling was unrivalled and predominant until improved rotary drilling took over. His commercial sense in exploiting the technical advantages of his invention by combining drilling with producing the devices in his own factory at Erkelenz, which later became the headquarters of the company, and in speculating on the concessions for the explored deposits made him by far superior to all of his competitors, who were provoked into contests which they generally lost. His flourishing company carried out drilling in many parts of the world; he became the initiator of the Romanian oil industry and his extraordinary activities in exploring potash and coal deposits in different parts of Germany, especially in the Ruhr district, provoked the government in 1905 into stopping granting claims to private companies. Two years later, he was forced to withdraw from his holding company because of his restless and eccentric character. He turned to Russia and, during the First World War, he was responsible for the reconstruction of the destroyed Romanian oilfields. Thereafter, partly financed by mining companies, he continued explorations in several European countries, and in Germany he was pioneering again with exploring oilfields, iron ore and lignite deposits which later grew in economic value. Similar to Glenck a generation before, he was a daring entrepreneur who took many risks and opened new avenues of exploration, and he was constantly having to cope with a weak financial position, selling concessions and shares, most of them to Preussag and Wintershall; however, this could not prevent his business from collapse in 1932. He finally gave up drilling in 1936 and died a poor man.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsDr-Ing. (Hon.) Bergakademie Clausthal 1921.Further ReadingG.P.R.Martin, 1967, "Hundert Jahre Anton Raky", Erdöl-Erdgas-Zeitschrift, 83:416–24 (a detailed description).D.Hoffmann, 1959, 150 Jahre Tiefbohrungen in Deutschland, Vienna and Hamburg: 32– 4 (an evaluation of his technologial developments).WK -
104 Vignoles, Charles Blacker
[br]b. 31 May 1793 Woodbrook, Co. Wexford, Irelandd. 17 November 1875 Hythe, Hampshire, England[br]English surveyor and civil engineer, pioneer of railways.[br]Vignoles, who was of Huguenot descent, was orphaned in infancy and brought up in the family of his grandfather, Dr Charles Hutton FRS, Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. After service in the Army he travelled to America, arriving in South Carolina in 1817. He was appointed Assistant to the state's Civil Engineer and surveyed much of South Carolina and subsequently Florida. After his return to England in 1823 he established himself as a civil engineer in London, and obtained work from the brothers George and John Rennie.In 1825 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) lost their application for an Act of Parliament, discharged their engineer George Stephenson and appointed the Rennie brothers in his place. They in turn employed Vignoles to resurvey the railway, taking a route that would minimize objections. With Vignoles's route, the company obtained its Act in 1826 and appointed Vignoles to supervise the start of construction. After Stephenson was reappointed Chief Engineer, however, he and Vignoles proved incompatible, with the result that Vignoles left the L \& MR early in 1827.Nevertheless, Vignoles did not sever all connection with the L \& MR. He supported John Braithwaite and John Ericsson in the construction of the locomotive Novelty and was present when it competed in the Rainhill Trials in 1829. He attended the opening of the L \& MR in 1830 and was appointed Engineer to two railways which connected with it, the St Helens \& Runcorn Gap and the Wigan Branch (later extended to Preston as the North Union); he supervised the construction of these.After the death of the Engineer to the Dublin \& Kingstown Railway, Vignoles supervised construction: the railway, the first in Ireland, was opened in 1834. He was subsequently employed in surveying and constructing many railways in the British Isles and on the European continent; these included the Eastern Counties, the Midland Counties, the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyme \& Manchester (which proved for him a financial disaster from which he took many years to recover), and the Waterford \& Limerick. He probably discussed rail of flat-bottom section with R.L. Stevens during the winter of 1830–1 and brought it into use in the UK for the first time in 1836 on the London \& Croydon Railway: subsequently rail of this section became known as "Vignoles rail". He considered that a broader gauge than 4 ft 8½ in. (1.44 m) was desirable for railways, although most of those he built were to this gauge so that they might connect with others. He supported the atmospheric system of propulsion during the 1840s and was instrumental in its early installation on the Dublin \& Kingstown Railway's Dalkey extension. Between 1847 and 1853 he designed and built the noted multi-span suspension bridge at Kiev, Russia, over the River Dnieper, which is more than half a mile (800 m) wide at that point.Between 1857 and 1863 he surveyed and then supervised the construction of the 155- mile (250 km) Tudela \& Bilbao Railway, which crosses the Cantabrian Pyrenees at an altitude of 2,163 ft (659 m) above sea level. Vignoles outlived his most famous contemporaries to become the grand old man of his profession.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal Astronomical Society 1829. FRS 1855. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1869–70.Bibliography1830, jointly with John Ericsson, British patent no. 5,995 (a device to increase the capability of steam locomotives on grades, in which rollers gripped a third rail).1823, Observations upon the Floridas, New York: Bliss \& White.1870, Address on His Election as President of the Institution of Civil Engineers.Further ReadingK.H.Vignoles, 1982, Charles Blacker Vignoles: Romantic Engineer, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (good modern biography by his great-grandson).See also: Samuda, Joseph d'AguilarPJGRBiographical history of technology > Vignoles, Charles Blacker
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105 предостережение
Предостережение (Указывает на опасность травмы. Указание опасности повреждения оборудования - предупреждение)WARNING: Do not connect AC power to your meter until you have completed all input and output connections. Failure to do so may result in injury!Предотвращать - to preclude (+ noun; gerund); to prevent (+ noun); to protect against, to guard against (+ noun); to prevent from, to preclude from, to keep from (+ gerund)This high fracture strength requirement precludes designing using the R parameter.Refining operations usually preclude microbiological growth in fuels before the fuel leaves the refinery.A sleeve concentric with the tubes prevented water from flowing into the steam plenum (... предотвращая течение воды в паровую камеру).The R parameter is usually used where thermal environments are so severe that thermal stress fracture cannot be prevented even in the best materials.To guard against extraneous mass transfer, all surfaces and edges of each naphthalene plate were covered with pressure-sensitive tape.It has always been a parameter design criterion to protect the turbine against malfunction of the controls (... предотвратить отказы турбинных регуляторов).Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > предостережение
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106 force
fɔ:s I сущ. диал. водопад, водный каскад II
1. сущ.
1) а) сила to spend one's force ≈ растратить силу explosive force irresistible force magnetic force motivating force moral forces physical force spiritual forces vital force by force Syn: impact б) физ. сила centrifugal force centripetal force force of gravity Syn: energy, power
2) насилие, принуждение (также юр.) to apply, resort to, use force ≈ применять силу to renounce( the use of) force ≈ не признавать силу deadly force ≈ беспощадное насилие brute force Syn: compulsion, violence
3) вооруженная группа людей а) полиция( с заглавной буквы с определенным артиклем) б) обыкн. мн. вооруженные силы, войска to marshal (muster, rally) one's forces ≈ выстраивать войска to join forces with ≈ вступать в войска a show of force ≈ смотр войск air force armed forces expeditionary force ground forces guerrilla force military forces naval forces occupation force peacekeeping force Rapid Deployment Force в) любая другая вооруженная группа людей A force of seven thousand men landed in Suffolk. ≈ Отряд в семь тысяч человек высадился в Суффолке.
4) а) юр. юридическая сила, действие;
юр. смысл, реальное значение того или иного постановления, закона, статьи и т.п. to come into force ≈ вступать в силу to put in force ≈ вводить в действие, осуществлять, проводить в жизнь to remain in force ≈ оставаться в силе, действовать б) убедительность, действенность, влияние;
смысл, осмысленность In both these two reasons there is force. ≈ Каждый из этих аргументов убедителен. ∙ to come in full force ≈ прибыть в полном составе
2. гл.
1) а) оказывать давление, заставлять, принуждать, вынуждать The loss of money forced her to sell her house. ≈ Денежные потери вынудили ее продать дом. force a confession force a smile force tears from smb.'s eyes force an action force division force one's hand Syn: compel, constrain, oblige б) напрягать, перенапрягать, действовать на пределе сил force one's voice в) притягивать за уши, вчитывать
2) а) с силой преодолевать сопротивление;
запихивать, заталкивать force a lock б) насиловать, совершать изнасилование Syn: violate, ravish, rape в) воен. брать;
форсировать force a crossing - force one's way
3) тех. форсировать, перегружать( какое-л. устройство), в частности ускорять, добавлять обороты
4) карт. попадать в козыря ∙ force in force into force out force up to force down the throat ≈ навязать что-л. силой to force smb.'s hand ≈ заставлять кого-л. действовать немедленно, вопреки его желанию;
толкать на что-л., подталкивать to force up prices ≈ вздувать, взвинчивать цены сила, мощь - the * of the blow сила удара - with all one's * изо всех сил - to hit with * сильно ударить сила, воздействие - the * of superstition сила предрассудка - the * of circumstances сила обстоятельств - the * of example воздействие примера - by sheer * of will иссключительно /только/ силой воли - by * of habit в силу привычки авторитет, престиж - to be a * быть силой, иметь вес, пользоваться большим влиянием - today he is an international * сейчас он пользуется авторитетом во всем мире - he is a spent * он уже не пользуется влиянием, он вышел в тираж действенность;
действительность - the * of an agreement действительность договора - the full * of the treaty полная сила договора - in * действующий, имеющий силу (о договоре, документе и т. п.) - to put in * вводить в силу;
делать действительным;
проводить в жизнь, осуществлять - to come into * вступать в силу - to remain in * оставаться в силе;
действовать - this law remains in * till next year этот закон действителен до будущего года - to have no * быть недействительным, не иметь силы насилие, принуждение - brutal * грубая сила, насилие - by * силой, насильно - to achieve smth. by * добиться чего-л. силой - to use /to resort to/ * прибегать к силе /насилию/ - to believe in * быть сторонником насильственных методов или методов принуждения - the policy of * политика силы - the use of * применение силы - the renunciation of * отказ от применения силы вооруженный отряд;
(воинское) соединение( the F.) полиция (обыкн. pl) войска;
вооруженные силы - sea /naval/ *s военно-морские силы - air * военно-воздушные силы - ground *s сухопутные войска - armed *s вооруженные силы - effective *s наличный боевой состав - to join the *s вступить в армию убедительность;
смысл, резон - there is * in what you say в том, что вы говорите, есть смысл - can't see the * of doing what one dislikes нет смысла /необходимости/ делать то, что не нравится смысл;
значение - verb used with passive * глагол со значением пассивности (физическое) усилие, сила - attractive * сила притяжения - the * of steam сила пара - centrifugal * центробежная сила - * of gravity сила тяжести;
земное притяжение > by * of... путем..., посредством..., при помощи, в силу > by * of contrast путем контраста /противопоставления/ > in * (военное) значительными /крупными/ силами;
всеми силами;
толпами, в большом числе /количестве/ > attack in * наступление крупными силами > in great * в разгаре кипучей деятельности;
в ударе > in full * в полном составе > to join *s объединить усилия, объединиться > by * and arms силой оружия > to hunt at /of, by/ * травить /дичь/ собаками заставлять, принуждать, вынуждать - to * smb. to do smth. заставлять кого-л. делать что-л. - to * a confession вынудить признание - to * a secret заставить открыть тайну /секрет/ - to be *d to yield быть вынужденным уступить - to * oneself to work hard заставить себя усиленно работать - to * facts to fit a case подтасовывать факты - I am *d to conclude that... я вынужден сделать вывод, что... применять силу, брать силой - to * entry ворваться, вломиться( в комнату, дом и т. п.) - to * a town захватить город, крепость - to * a crossing( военное) форсировать реку - to * one's way (through a crowd) пробиться (через толпу) - he *d me through the door он протолкнул меня в дверь взломать( крышку, дверь и т. п.) - to * a look взломать замок - to * a door (open) взломать дверь насиловать делать (что-л.) через силу - to * a smile принужденно улыбнуться, выдавить (из себя) улыбку чрезмерно напрягать;
перенапрягать - to * one's voice напрягать голос ускорять (шаг, ход и т. п.) - to * the pace усиливать темп бега - to * events форсировать события - to * a bill through the legislature протащить законопроект через парламент( техническое) добавлять обороты (техническое) нагнетать, форсировать (режим работы) ;
перегружать (машину) (музыкальное) форсировать (звук) выгонять (растение) - to * lilies for the Easter trade выгонять лилии для предпасхальной торговли - to * a pupil( разговорное) торопить развитие учащегося - to force smth., smb. into smth. вогнать, воткнуть что-л. куда-л.;
загнать, втолкнуть кого-л. куда-л. - to * a knife into smb.'s breast воткнуть нож в чью-л. грудь - to * air into the carburettor накачать воздух в карбюратор - she *d a tip into his hand она сунула ему в руку чаевые - to force smb. into smth. вовлечь, втянуть кого-л. во что-л. - to * a nation into war втянуть народ в войну - to force smth. out of smth. выдавить, выжать что-л. из чего-л. - to * juice out of an orange выжать сок из апельсина - to force smb. out of smth. вытеснить кого-л. откуда-л. - to * smb. out of the room вытолкать кого-л. из комнаты - to force smth. out of smb. вынудить кого-л. к чему-л. - to * facts out of smb. заставить кого-л. рассказать все, что ему известно - to force smth. up(on) smb. навязывать что-л. кому-л. - to * a drink upon smb. заставить кого-л. выпить - to * smth. on smb.'s attention усиленно привлекать чье-л. внимание к чему-л. - they said that the war had been *d upon them они заявили, что война была им навязана > to * smb.'s hand заставить кого-л. открыть свои карты, форсировать события > to * down the throat навязывать что-л. силой force: be in ~ юр. действовать be in ~ юр. оставаться в силе binding ~ обязательная сила ~ насилие, принуждение;
brute force грубая сила, насилие ~ сила;
by force силой, насильно;
by force of( arms) силой, посредством (оружия) ;
he did it by force of habit он сделал это в силу привычки ~ сила;
by force силой, насильно;
by force of (arms) силой, посредством (оружия) ;
he did it by force of habit он сделал это в силу привычки ~ влияние, действенность, убедительность;
by force of circumstances в силу обстоятельств;
there is force in what you say вы говорите убедительно ~ физ. сила;
force of gravity сила тяжести;
земное притяжение;
to come in full force прибыть в полном составе coming into ~ вступление в действие coming into ~ вступление в силу deferred entry into ~ отсроченное вступление в силу deterrent ~ войска сдерживания deterrent ~ войска устрашения driving ~ движущая сила enter into ~ вступать в силу executory ~ право приведения в исполнение force брать силой, форсировать;
to force a lock взломать замок;
to force one's way проложить себе дорогу ~ влияние, действенность, убедительность;
by force of circumstances в силу обстоятельств;
there is force in what you say вы говорите убедительно ~ воздействие ~ (обыкн. pl) вооруженные силы, войска ~ вооруженный отряд ~ тех. вставлять с силой ~ выводить, выращивать ~ действенность ~ действительность ~ заставлять, принуждать;
навязывать;
to force a confession вынудить признание;
to force a smile выдавить улыбку;
заставить себя улыбнуться ~ вчт. заставлять ~ заставлять ~ напрягать, насиловать;
to force one's voice напрягать голос ~ насилие, принуждение;
brute force грубая сила, насилие ~ насилие, принуждение, заставлять, принуждать ~ насилие ~ принуждать ~ принуждение ~ рабочая сила ~ физ. сила;
force of gravity сила тяжести;
земное притяжение;
to come in full force прибыть в полном составе ~ сила, действие (закона, постановления и т. п.) ;
to come into force вступать в силу ~ сила;
by force силой, насильно;
by force of (arms) силой, посредством (оружия) ;
he did it by force of habit он сделал это в силу привычки ~ сила, действительность, действие ~ сила ~ смысл, значение;
the force of a clause смысл статьи (договора) ~ ускорять (движение) ;
добавлять обороты ~ форсировать (ход) ;
перегружать машину Force: Force: Air ~ военно-воздушные силы force: force: be in ~ юр. действовать the ~ полиция ~ заставлять, принуждать;
навязывать;
to force a confession вынудить признание;
to force a smile выдавить улыбку;
заставить себя улыбнуться to ~ a crossing воен. форсировать водную преграду force брать силой, форсировать;
to force a lock взломать замок;
to force one's way проложить себе дорогу ~ заставлять, принуждать;
навязывать;
to force a confession вынудить признание;
to force a smile выдавить улыбку;
заставить себя улыбнуться to ~ an action вынудить (кого-л.) (сделать что-л.) ;
to force division потребовать голосования (особ. в англ. парламенте) to ~ an action воен. навязать бой to ~ an action вынудить (кого-л.) (сделать что-л.) ;
to force division потребовать голосования (особ. в англ. парламенте) ~ in втиснуться;
force into втиснуть;
to force into application вводить, насаждать;
to force down the throat навязать (что-л.) силой to ~ (smb.'s) hand заставлять (кого-л.) действовать немедленно, вопреки его желанию;
толкать (на что-л.), подталкивать ~ in втиснуться;
force into втиснуть;
to force into application вводить, насаждать;
to force down the throat навязать (что-л.) силой ~ in продавить ~ in law принуждение по закону ~ in втиснуться;
force into втиснуть;
to force into application вводить, насаждать;
to force down the throat навязать (что-л.) силой ~ in втиснуться;
force into втиснуть;
to force into application вводить, насаждать;
to force down the throat навязать (что-л.) силой ~ смысл, значение;
the force of a clause смысл статьи (договора) ~ of attraction сила притяжения ~ физ. сила;
force of gravity сила тяжести;
земное притяжение;
to come in full force прибыть в полном составе ~ of law сила закона ~ напрягать, насиловать;
to force one's voice напрягать голос force брать силой, форсировать;
to force a lock взломать замок;
to force one's way проложить себе дорогу to ~ tears from (smb.'s) eyes заставить (кого-л.) расплакаться, довести( кого-л.) до слез ~ through пробиваться ~ through прорываться ~ up взвинчивать ~ up повышать to ~ up prices вздувать, взвинчивать цены prices: force up ~ повышать цены ~ сила;
by force силой, насильно;
by force of (arms) силой, посредством (оружия) ;
he did it by force of habit он сделал это в силу привычки immediate executory ~ прямое принуждение, вступающее в силу в будущем in ~ действующий in ~ законный in ~ имеющий силу in full ~ действующий в полную силу labour ~ рабочая сила labour ~ численность работающих labour ~ численность рабочих и служащих labour: ~ attr. трудовой;
рабочий;
labour force рабочая сила;
labour hours рабочее время legal ~ законная сила, юридическая сила legal ~ законная сила legal ~ юридическая сила motive ~ движущая сила moving ~ движущая сила peace-keeping ~ войска по поддержанию мира peace-keeping ~ миротворческие силы police ~ полицейские силы police ~ полиция probative ~ доказательная сила to put in ~ вводить в действие, осуществлять, проводить в жизнь;
to remain in force оставаться в силе, действовать to put in ~ вводить в действие, осуществлять, проводить в жизнь;
to remain in force оставаться в силе, действовать remain: ~ in force оставаться в силе ~ in force сохранять силу sales ~ работники торговых предприятий sales ~ торговые агенты task ~ оперативная группа task ~ рабочая группа task ~ специальная группа task ~ целевая группа task: ~ амер. норма( рабочего) ;
to take (или to call) (smb.) to task сделать выговор, дать нагоняй( кому-л.) ;
task force воен. оперативная (или тактическая) группа ~ влияние, действенность, убедительность;
by force of circumstances в силу обстоятельств;
there is force in what you say вы говорите убедительно work ~ рабочая сила -
107 Х-63
СВОИМ ХОДОМ NP instrum Invar adv fixed WO1. идти, прийти, дойти и т. п. \Х-63 (of a person, animal, or vehicle) (to go, move along etc) independently, without assistanceunder one's (its) own steam (power)on one's (its) own by oneself (itself) (of a person only) on one's own two feet.Под утро все новоиспечённые офицеры... частично своим собственным ходом, частично с помощью товарищей и аборигенов вернулись в казарму в целости и сохранности... (Зиновьев 1). By morning all the newly fledged officers had returned to barracks safe and sound, partly under their own steam and partly with the help of their comrades and the aboriginal population (1a).Увезли деда Максима: на берег его вели под руки, своим ходом дед идти не мог (Распутин 4). They took away Grandpa Maxim: they held him up and walked him to the shore, he couldn't get there on his own (4a).2. идти, развиваться \Х-63 (of a process, matter etc) (to proceed, develop) normally, the usual way and at the usual pace, unaffected by circumstances: (proceed) at its own pace(take) its course (be going) as it should.«Как твой бизнес? He развалился, пока тебя не было?» -«Да нет, всё в порядке, всё идёт своим ходом». "How's your business? It didn't fall apart while you were away, did it?" "No, everything's fine, everything's going as it should." -
108 своим ходом
[NPinstrum; Invar; adv; fixed WO]=====1. идти, прийти, дойти и т.п. своим ходом (of a person, animal, or vehicle) (to go, move along etc) independently, without assistance:- [of a person only] on one's own two feet.♦ Под утро все новоиспечённые офицеры... частично своим собственным ходом, частично с помощью товарищей и аборигенов вернулись в казарму в целости и сохранности... (Зиновьев 1). By morning all the newly fledged officers had returned to barracks safe and sound, partly under their own steam and partly with the help of their comrades and the aboriginal population (1a).♦ Увезли деда Максима: на берег его вели под руки, своим ходом дед идти не мог (Распутин 4). They took away Grandpa Maxim: they held him up and walked him to the shore, he couldn't get there on his own (4a).2. идти, развиваться своим ходом (of a process, matter etc) (to proceed, develop) normally, the usual way and at the usual pace, unaffected by circumstances:- (be going) as it should.♦ "Как твой бизнес? Не развалился, пока тебя не было?" - "Да нет, всё в порядке, всё идёт своим ходом". "How's your business? It didn't fall apart while you were away, did it?" "No, everything's fine, everything's going as it should."Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > своим ходом
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109 Bentham, Sir Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 January 1757 Englandd. 31 May 1831 London, England[br]English naval architect and engineer.[br]He was the son of Jeremiah Bentham, a lawyer. His mother died when he was an infant and his early education was at Westminster. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a master shipwright at Woolwich and later at Chatham Dockyard, where he made some small improvements in the fittings of ships. In 1778 he completed his apprenticeship and sailed on the Bienfaisant on a summer cruise of the Channel Fleet where he suggested and supervised several improvements to the steering gear and gun fittings.Unable to find suitable employment at home, he sailed for Russia to study naval architecture and shipbuilding, arriving at St Petersburg in 1780, whence he travelled throughout Russia as far as the frontier of China, examining mines and methods of working metals. He settled in Kritchev in 1782 and there established a small shipyard with a motley work-force. In 1784 he was appointed to command a battalion. He set up a yard on the "Panopticon" principle, with all workshops radiating from his own central office. He increased the armament of his ships greatly by strengthening the hulls and fitting guns without recoil, which resulted in a great victory over the Turks at Liman in 1788. For this he was awarded the Cross of St George and promoted to Brigadier- General. Soon after, he was appointed to a command in Siberia, where he was responsible for opening up the resources of the country greatly by developing river navigation.In 1791 he returned to England, where he was at first involved in the development of the Panopticon for his brother as well as with several other patents. In 1795 he was asked to look into the mechanization of the naval dockyards, and for the next eighteen years he was involved in improving methods of naval construction and machinery. He was responsible for the invention of the steam dredger, the caisson method of enclosing the entrances to docks, and the development of non-recoil cannonades of large calibre.His intervention in the maladministration of the naval dockyards resulted in an enquiry that brought about the clearing-away of much corruption, making him very unpopular. As a result he was sent to St Petersburg to arrange for the building of a number of ships for the British navy, in which the Russians had no intention of co-operating. On his return to England after two years he was told that his office of Inspector-General of Navy Works had been abolished and he was appointed to the Navy Board; he had several disagreements with John Rennie and in 1812 was told that this office, too, had been abolished. He went to live in France, where he stayed for thirteen years, returning in 1827 to arrange for the publication of some of his papers.There is some doubt about his use of his title: there is no record of his having received a knighthood in England, but it was assumed that he was authorized to use the title, granted to him in Russia, after his presentation to the Tsar in 1809.[br]Further ReadingMary Sophia Bentham, Life of Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Bentham, K.S.G., Formerly Inspector of Naval Works (written by his wife, who died before completing it; completed by their daughter).IMcN -
110 force
1. [fɔ:s] n1. 1) сила, мощьthe force of the blow [of the explosion] - сила удара [взрыва]
2) сила, воздействиеthe force of superstition [of error] - сила предрассудка [заблуждения]
the force of example [of public opinion] - воздействие примера [общественного мнения]
by sheer force of will - исключительно /только/ силой воли
3) авторитет, престижto be a force - быть силой, иметь вес, пользоваться большим влиянием
today he is an international force - сейчас он пользуется авторитетом во всём мире
he is a spent force - он уже не пользуется влиянием, он вышел в тираж
2. действенность; действительностьthe force of an agreement [of a document] - действительность договора [документа]
in force - действующий, имеющий силу (о договоре, документе и т. п.) [см. тж. ♢ ]
to put in force - вводить в силу; делать действительным; проводить в жизнь, осуществлять
to remain in force - оставаться в силе; действовать
this law remains in force till next year - этот закон действителен до будущего года
to have no force - быть недействительным, не иметь силы
3. насилие, принуждениеbrutal force - грубая сила, насилие
by force - силой, насильно [ср. тж. ♢ ]
to achieve smth. by force - добиться чего-л. силой
to use /to resort to/ force - прибегать к силе /насилию/
to believe in force - быть сторонником насильственных методов или методов принуждения
4. 1) вооружённый отряд; (воинское) соединение2) (the Force) полиция3) (обыкн. pl) войска; вооружённые силыsea /naval/ forces - военно-морские силы
to join the forces - вступить в армию [ср. тж. ♢ ]
5. 1) убедительность; смысл, резонthere is force in what you say - в том, что вы говорите, есть смысл
can't see the force of doing what one dislikes - нет смысла /необходимости/ делать то, что не нравится
2) смысл; значение6. физ. усилие, силаthe force of steam [of electricity] - сила пара [электричества]
force of gravity - сила тяжести; земное притяжение
♢
by force of... - путём..., посредством..., при помощи, в силу [ср. тж. 3]by force of contrast - путём контраста /противопоставления/
in force - а) воен. значительными /крупными/ силами; всеми силами; attack in force - наступление крупными силами; б) толпами, в большом числе /количестве/; [см. тж. 2]
in great force - а) в разгаре кипучей деятельности; б) и ударе
to join forces - объединить усилия, объединиться [ср. тж. 4, 3]
2. [fɔ:s] vto hunt at /of, by/ force - травить (дичь) собаками
I1. заставлять, принуждать, вынуждатьto force smb. to do smth. - заставлять кого-л. делать что-л.
to force a secret - заставить открыть тайну /секрет/
I am forced to conclude that... - я вынужден сделать вывод, что...
2. 1) применять силу, брать силойto force an entry - ворваться, вломиться (в комнату, дом и т. п.)
to force a town [a fortress] - захватить город [крепость]
to force a crossing - воен. форсировать реку
2) взломать (крышку, дверь и т. п.)3. насиловать4. 1) делать (что-л.) через силуto force a smile [a laugh] - принуждённо улыбнуться [засмеяться], выдавить (из себя) улыбку [смех]
2) чрезмерно напрягать; перенапрягатьII А1. 1) ускорять (шаг, ход и т. п.)to force a bill through the legislature - протащить законопроект через парламент
2) тех. добавлять обороты3. муз. форсировать ( звук)4. выгонять ( растение)to force lilies for the Easter trade - выгонять лилии для предпасхальной торговли
to force a pupil - разг. торопить развитие учащегося
II Б1. to force smth., smb. into smth. вогнать, воткнуть что-л. куда-л.; загнать, втолкнуть кого-л. куда-л.to force a knife into smb.'s breast - воткнуть нож в чью-л. грудь
2. to force smb. into smth. вовлечь, втянуть кого-л. во что-л.3. 1) to force smth. out of smth. выдавить, выжать что-л. из чего-л.2) to force smb. out of smth. вытеснить кого-л. откуда-л.to force smb. out of the room - вытолкнуть кого-л. из комнаты
4. to force smth. out of smb. вынудить кого-л. к чему-л.to force facts out of smb. - заставить кого-л. рассказать всё, что ему известно
5. to force smth. up(on) smb. навязывать что-л. кому-л.to force a drink upon smb. - заставить кого-л. выпить
to force smth. on smb.'s attention - усиленно привлекать чьё-л. внимание к чему-л.
they said that the war had been forced upon them - они заявили, что война была им навязана
♢
to force smb.'s hand - заставить кого-л. открыть свои карты, форсировать события
to force down the throat - навязать что-л. силой
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111 water
'wo:tə 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) vann, vann-2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) vanne2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) løpe i vann3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) (vass)renne•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) regnfrakk4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) gjøre vanntett, impregnere- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water downvannIsubst. \/ˈwɔːtə\/1) vann2) (ofte flertall, waters) kilde3) vannstand4) vannoverflate, vannflate5) ( i flertall) vannmasser6) ( kjemi) væske, oppløsning7) ( fysiologi) kroppsvæske, tårer, urin8) ( også the waters) fostervann• the water(s) broke!9) ( hverdagslig) havet• do you like it on this side of the water?above water ( også overført) over vannet, i sikkerhetby water sjøveien, med båtcasual water ( golf) tilfeldig vannflog the water ( fluefiske) kaste mange gangergo to water miste motethold water holde stikk, holde mål, være troverdigforklaring: sjekke bevegelsene til en robåt ved å holde årene rolig og bladene vertikaltin deep\/hot water i en vanskelig situasjon, i trøbbel på gyngende grunnlike water som bare det, i store mengdermake water lekke, ta inn vann urinere, late vannet, slå lensof the first water ( om diamanter og perler) av beste kvalitet, av reneste vann( overført) førsteklasseson the water på vannet, til sjøs, på vei, underveispass water slå lens, urinerestill waters run deep ( ordtak) stillest vann har dypest grunnstrong waters ( gammeldags) sterke drikkersurface of water se ➢ surfacetake (in) water ta inn vann, lekketake the water ta vannet, lande på vannet, gå ut i vannet gå ombord ( om fartøy) sjøsettestest the water sondere terrenget, sjekke forholdenethrow cold water on helle isvann i blodet påtread water trå vannetwater off a duck's back vann på gåsathe water of life livets vannwaters vann, vannmasser, bølger farvannakvarellerwater under the bridge fortiden, over og forbiwritten in water ( overført) skrevet i sandIIverb \/ˈwɔːtə\/1) vanne, fukte, bløte2) løpe i vann, bli fylt av vann3) spe, fortynne, tynne ut4) bli fylt med tårer5) ( om fartøy e.l.) tanke vann, fylle på vann, utstyre med vann6) ( tekstil) vatre, moarere7) ( om dyr) drikke (vann)8) ( økonomi) avsvekke, vanne ut (aksjekapital)9) ( historisk medisin) ta brønnkurwater down spe ut med vann, fortynne, vanne ut ( overført) vanne ut, formildne, avsvekkewater the horse ( hverdagslig) tisse, late vannet -
112 water
['wo:tə] 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) água2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) regar2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) encher-se de água3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) encher-se de lágrimas•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) impermeável4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) impermeabilizar- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down* * *wa.ter[w'ɔ:tə] n 1 água: a) o líquido. b) qualquer líquido que sugere água. c) líquidos do corpo, como suor, saliva, lágrima, urina. d) chuva (também waters). e) limpidez, transparência, brilho ou lustre (de pedra preciosa). f) vazamento (no casco de um navio). 2 curso d’água, rio, lago, lagoa. 3 enchente ou nível baixo de um rio. 4 profundidade de um rio. 5 maré (alta ou baixa). 6 superfície de aspecto ondeado em seda ou metal. 7 ações emitidas sem aumento de capital. 8 waters águas: a) águas correntes. b) águas agitadas, ondeantes, o mar, o alto-mar. he fished in troubled waters / ele pescou em águas turvas. c) águas de fonte, águas minerais. • vt+vi 1 molhar. 2 irrigar, banhar. 3 regar. 4 aguar. 5 abastecer de ou prover com água. 6 dar de beber. 7 enfraquecer, diluir, misturar com água (leite, etc.), batizar (líquidos). 8 encher de água (boca), salivar. 9 lacrimejar. 10 dar aspecto ondeado a seda ou a superficies metálicas, ondear. 11 emitir ações sem aumento de capital. • adj 1 de ou relativo à água. 2 hidráulico. 3 aquático. 4 fluvial, marítimo. above water acima d’água. an ornamental water lago artificial. by water por via marítima ou fluvial. he is in low water sl ele está em apuros, tem falta de dinheiro. high water maré alta. hot water bottle botija de água quente. it makes your eyes water faz lacrimejar os seus olhos. joy water birita, pinga. like water abundante. low water maré baixa. of the first waters da melhor qualidade. on the water na água, no mar. still waters run deep quem vê cara não vê coração, pessoas muito quietas podem guardar fortes emoções. they cast their money upon the water fig eles jogaram o dinheiro pela janela. to be in deep water fig estar em aperto, em maus lençóis, em situação difícil. to hold water a) à prova d’água. b) fig ser convincente, fundamentado, verdadeiro. to keep one’s head above water conseguir manter-se à tona, ficar acima das dificuldades. to make the mouth water dar água na boca. it makes my mouth water / me dá água na boca. to pass/ make water soltar água, urinar. to pour oil on troubled waters acalmar. to test the water/ waters pesquisa de motivação. to throw cold water on fig jogar balde de água fria em, desencorajar. to water down diluir. water of life a) refresco espiritual. b) conhaque, uísque. water under the bridge experiências passadas, problemas passados já esquecidos. -
113 water
['wo:tə] 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) voda2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) zaliti2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) sliniti se3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) solziti se•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) dežni plašč4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) napraviti nepremočljivo- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down* * *I [wɔ:tə]1.nounvoda, vodna površina; reka, morje; plural vodé, vodovje, voda, morje; slatina, mineralna voda; plima in oseka; chemistry vodna raztopina; technical vodni sijaj, blesk (na draguljih); spreminjanje barv (na tkanini); medicine seč, urin; solze; slina; znojabove water — nad vodo, plavajoč; figuratively finančno trdenby water — po vodi, po vodni potion the water — v čolnu, na ladji; na morjuas a fish out of water figuratively kot riba na suhemin deep water(s) — v težavah, v neprilikah, v škripcihbetween wind and water figuratively na ranljivem mestu, v ranljivo mestoin low water figuratively (biti) v slabih razmerah, na suhemlike water figuratively izdatno, potratnoof the first water — (dragulj) prvega sijaja, najboljše vrstewater bewitched colloquially zvodenela redka pijača (čaj, alkoholna pijača)water on the brain figuratively vodenoglavechigh water — plima; figuratively vrhunec, kulminacijalow water — oseka; figuratively najnižji nivó, najslabši rezultatmineral water — slatina, mineralna vodared water — krvav urin, sečstrong water obsolete žganjewritten in water figuratively prehoden, kratkotrajen, na pesku zgrajen; ki se bo uresničilto be on the water — biti na ladji, na poti z ladjoto be in hot water — biti v nepriliki, v škripcihto be in smooth water — biti v ugodnih razmerah, uspevatito cast one's bread upon the waters — izkazati dobroto, ne da bi pričakovali zahvaloto fish in troubled waters figuratively v kalnem ribaritito get into hot water for — priti (zaiti) v neprilike (v stisko, v škripce)to make foul water nautical jadrati v plitvi vodito pour oil on the waters figuratively izgladiti, poravnati, odstraniti zapreke; umiritito spend money like water figuratively za prazen nič trošiti denarto throw cold water on figuratively posmehovati se (čemu), ohladiti, politi z mrzlo vodo; zmanjšati veselje ali navdušenje za; spodnesti, preprečiti, onemogočitito take the water — (o ladji) biti splavljen, porinjen v vodoto take ( —ali to drink) the waters — piti mineralno vodo, zdraviti se s slatino ( at Radenci — v Radencih)still waters run deep — tiha voda globoko dere (bregove podira);2.adjectivevodniwater balance technical libelawater bus — vodni avtobus, hidrobuswater ski — vodna smučka; intransitive verb smučati se na vodiII [wɔ:tə]transitive verb(po)škropiti ( streets — ceste); zalivati ( plants — rastline); namočiti, namakati, ovlažiti, napeljati vodo na; razredčiti z vodo, zvodeniti (milk, wine — mleko, vino); napojiti, napajati ( animals — živali); oskrbeti, oskrbovati z vodo ( an engine — stroj); economy povečati dolg ali kapital (podjetja) z izdajo novih delnic brez kritja; moarirati (tkanino)to water down — zvodeniti, razredčiti; figuratively omiliti, ublažitito water down one's claims — ublažiti, zmanjšati svoje zahtevehe watered his lecture — zavlačeval (razvlekel) je svoje predavanje; intransitive verb puščati vodo; liti solze, solziti se (oči); izločati vodo, slino; zmočiti se, ovlažiti se; napajati se, piti, iti se napajat (živali); oskrbeti se z vodo; piti mineralno (delati kuro z) zdravilno vodo, zdraviti se s slatino; hunting iti v vodo (pes)to make s.o.'s mouth water — napraviti, da se komu pocedijo slinemy mouth watered (for, after) — sline so se mi pocedile (po, za)to water the stock economy izda(ja)ti nove delnice (brez povečanja glavnice), zvodeniti (delniški kapital) -
114 water
I 1. ['wɔːtə(r)]nome acqua f.at high, low water — con l'alta, la bassa marea
to turn the water on, off — aprire, chiudere il rubinetto
2.to keep one's head above water — tenere la testa fuori dall'acqua; fig. (financially) stare a galla
1) mar. acque f.2) (spa water)3) med. (in obstetrics)3.modificatore [ glass] da acqua; [ jug] dell'acqua, per l'acqua; [tank, filter] per l'acqua; [ mill] ad acqua; [ bird] acquatico; [snake, shortage] d'acqua; [pump, wheel] idraulico; [pipe, pressure] dell'acqua••to spend money like water — avere le mani bucate, spendere e spandere
II 1. ['wɔːtə(r)]not to hold water — [ theory] fare acqua
verbo transitivo annaffiare [lawn, plant]; agr. irrigare [crop, field]; abbeverare [ livestock]2.* * *['wo:tə] 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) acqua2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) innaffiare, annaffiare2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) avere l'acquolina in bocca3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) lacrimare•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) impermeabile4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) impermeabilizzare- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down* * *I 1. ['wɔːtə(r)]nome acqua f.at high, low water — con l'alta, la bassa marea
to turn the water on, off — aprire, chiudere il rubinetto
2.to keep one's head above water — tenere la testa fuori dall'acqua; fig. (financially) stare a galla
1) mar. acque f.2) (spa water)3) med. (in obstetrics)3.modificatore [ glass] da acqua; [ jug] dell'acqua, per l'acqua; [tank, filter] per l'acqua; [ mill] ad acqua; [ bird] acquatico; [snake, shortage] d'acqua; [pump, wheel] idraulico; [pipe, pressure] dell'acqua••to spend money like water — avere le mani bucate, spendere e spandere
II 1. ['wɔːtə(r)]not to hold water — [ theory] fare acqua
verbo transitivo annaffiare [lawn, plant]; agr. irrigare [crop, field]; abbeverare [ livestock]2. -
115 Henry, Joseph
[br]b. 17 December 1797 Albany, New York, USAd. 13 May 1878 Washington, DC, USA[br]American scientist after whom the unit of inductance is named.[br]Sent to stay with relatives at the age of 6 because of the illness of his father, when the latter died in 1811 Henry was apprenticed to a silversmith and then turned to the stage. Whilst he was ill himself, a book on science fired his interest and he began studying at Albany Academy, working as a tutor to finance his studies. Initially intending to pursue medicine, he then spent some time as a surveyor before becoming Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Albany Academy in 1826. There he became interested in the improvement of electromagnets and discovered that the use of an increased number of turns of wire round the core greatly increased their power; by 1831 he was able to supply to Yale a magnet capable of lifting almost a ton weight. During this time he also discovered the principles of magnetic induction and self-inductance. In the same year he made, but did not patent, a cable telegraph system capable of working over a distance of 1 mile (1.6 km). It was at this time, too, that he found that adiabatic expansion of gases led to their sudden cooling, thus paving the way for the development of refrigerators. For this he was recommended for, but never received, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. Five years later he became Professor of Natural Philosophy at New Jersey College (later Princeton University), where he deduced the laws governing the operation of transformers and observed that changes in magnetic flux induced electric currents in conductors. Later he also observed that spark discharges caused electrical effects at a distance. He therefore came close to the discovery of radio waves. In 1836 he was granted a year's leave of absence and travelled to Europe, where he was able to meet Michael Faraday. It was with his help that in 1844 Samuel Morse set up the first patented electric telegraph, but, sadly, the latter seems to have reaped all the credit and financial rewards. In 1846 he became the first secretary of the Washington Smithsonian Institute and did much to develop government support for scientific research. As a result of his efforts some 500 telegraph stations across the country were equipped with meteorological equipment to supply weather information by telegraph to a central location, a facility that eventually became the US National Weather Bureau. From 1852 he was a member of the Lighthouse Board, contributing to improvements in lighting and sound warning systems and becoming its chairman in 1871. During the Civil War he was a technical advisor to President Lincoln. He was a founder of the National Academy of Science and served as its President for eleven years.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1849. President, National Academy of Science 1893–1904. In 1893, to honour his work on induction, the International Congress of Electricians adopted the henry as the unit of inductance.Bibliography1824. "On the chemical and mechanical effects of steam". 1825. "The production of cold by the rarefaction of air".1832, "On the production of currents \& sparks of electricity \& magnetism", AmericanJournal of Science 22:403."Theory of the so-called imponderables", Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 6:84.Further ReadingSmithsonian Institution, 1886, Joseph Henry, Scientific Writings, Washington DC.KF -
116 Holmes, Frederic Hale
[br]fl. 1850s–60s[br]British engineer who pioneered the electrical illumination of lighthouses in Great Britain.[br]An important application of the magneto generator was demonstrated by Holmes in 1853 when he showed that it might be used to supply an arc lamp. This had many implications for the future because it presented the possibility of making electric lighting economically successful. In 1856 he patented a machine with six disc armatures on a common axis rotating between seven banks of permanent magnets. The following year Holmes suggested the possible application of his invention to lighthouse illumination and a trial was arranged and observed by Faraday, who was at that time scientific adviser to Trinity House, the corporation entrusted with the care of light-houses in England and Wales. Although the trial was successful and gained the approval of Faraday, the Elder Brethren of Trinity House imposed strict conditions on Holmes's design for machines to be used for a more extensive trial. These included connecting the machine directly to a slow-speed steam engine, but this resulted in a reduced performance. The experiments of Holmes and Faraday were brought to the attention of the French lighthouse authorities and magneto generators manufactured by Société Alliance began to be installed in some lighthouses along the coast of France. After noticing the French commutatorless machines, Holmes produced an alternator of similar type in 1867. Two of these were constructed for a new lighthouse at Souter Point near Newcastle and two were installed in each of the two lighthouses at South Foreland. One of the machines from South Foreland that was in service from 1872 to 1922 is preserved in the Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. A Holmes generator is also preserved in the Science Museum, London. Holmes obtained a series of patents for generators between 1856 and 1869, with all but the last being of the magneto-electric type.[br]Bibliography7 March 1856, British patent no. 573 (the original patent for Holmes's invention).1863, "On magneto electricity and its application to lighthouse purposes", Journal of the Society of Arts 12:39–43.Further ReadingW.J.King, 1962, in The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 30, pp. 351–63 (provides a detailed account of Holmes's generators).J.N.Douglas, 1879, "The electric light applied to lighthouse illumination", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 57(3):77–110 (describes trials of Holmes's machines).GW -
117 water
['wo:tə] 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) vatn2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) vökva2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) fyllast af vatni3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) tárast, vökna•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) regnfrakki/-kápa4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) gera vatnsþétt- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down -
118 water
felhígított részvénytőke, ásványvíz, vízállás, víz to water: itat, felönt, hígít, felhígít, vízzel ellát, öntöz* * *['wo:tə] 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) víz2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) (meg)öntöz2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) nyáladzik3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) könnyezik•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) esőkabát4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) vízhatlanít- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down -
119 water
adj. suluboya, su————————n. su, kaplıca suyu, su birikintisi, sular, karasuları, sıvı, kalite, hare————————v. hârelemek, sulamak, su vermek, ıslatmak, su katmak, sulandırmak, hafifletmek, sulanmak, yaşarmak, su almak, su verilmek* * *1. su 2. sula (v.) 3. su (n.)* * *['wo:tə] 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) su2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) sulamak2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) sulanmak3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) yaşarmak•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) su geçirmez giysi4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) su geçirmez hale getirmek- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down -
120 water
technology• juottaa• vesittää• vesi• vuotaa• kastella• kastaa• kyynelsilmä• kyyneltyä* * *'wo:tə 1. noun(a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen, having no taste or smell, which turns to steam when boiled and to ice when frozen: She drank two glasses of water; `Are you going swimming in the sea?' `No, the water's too cold'; Each bedroom in the hotel is supplied with hot and cold running water; ( also adjective) The plumber had to turn off the water supply in order to repair the pipe; transport by land and water.) vesi2. verb1) (to supply with water: He watered the plants.) kastella2) ((of the mouth) to produce saliva: His mouth watered at the sight of all the food.) vesi kielellä3) ((of the eyes) to fill with tears: The dense smoke made his eyes water.) saada vuotamaan•- waters- watery
- wateriness
- waterborne
- water-closet
- water-colour
- watercress
- waterfall
- waterfowl
- waterfront
- waterhole
- watering-can
- water level
- waterlily
- waterlogged
- water main
- water-melon
- waterproof 3. noun(a coat made of waterproof material: She was wearing a waterproof.) sadetakki4. verb(to make (material) waterproof.) tehdä vedenpitäväksi- water-skiing
- water-ski
- watertight
- water vapour
- waterway
- waterwheel
- waterworks
- hold water
- into deep water
- in deep water
- water down
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