vice...

rē̆trō, adv. [from re and the pronominal suffix ter, as in citro, ultro, intro, etc.].

Lit., of place, backwards, back; on the back side, behind.

Denoting tendency, direction, with verbs or nouns of motion:

multa videbis retro repulsa revorti,

Lucr. 2, 130; so very often with redire, regredi, repetere, remittere, respicere, reverti, revocare, etc., v. h. vv., and cf. Drak. ad Liv. 22, 6, 7, and 27, 28, 6:

vestigia retro sequor,

Verg. A. 2, 753; 9, 392; 11, 405:

dare lintea retro,

id. ib. 3, 686:

ora retro Flectit,

Ov. M. 15, 685:

retro inhibitā nave,

Liv. 30, 10 et saep.: iter mihi retro ad Alpes versus incidit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2; cf.:

fugam retro spectante milite,

Liv. 8, 19:

fugit retro,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 5:

ne currente retro funis eat rotā,

id. ib. 3, 10, 10:

meretrix retro Perjura cedit,

id. ib. 1, 35, 25:

retro properare,

Ov. H. 5, 31:

unde ad hunc orbem redii, unde retro nemo,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 48.—

Denoting rest (rare):

est mihi in ultimis conclave aedibus quoddam retro,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

quid retro atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

perculsis nullum retro subsidium foret,

Tac. H. 2, 26:

retro Marsigni, etc.,

id. G. 43:

MEMORIAM SE VIVA FECIT SIBI... CVM AEDICVLIS ANTE ET A RETRO,

Inscr. Orell. 4512.—

Trop.

Of time, back; in time back, in past times, before, formerly:

et deinceps retro usque ad Romulum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58; cf.:

SVPER OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES FORTISSIMO IMP. CAES., etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 1049;

and so, OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES,

ib. 1098:

quodcumque retro est,

is past, Hor. C. 3, 29, 46:

praemissa retro nobilitas,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 68; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 118 (120):

cujus vim si retro quoque velimus custodire (opp. in futurum),

id. ib. 10, 115 (116) fin.:

meliorum retro principum ( = superiorum),

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 34:

cum id ab aliis retro factum recordarer,

Tert. Uxor. 2, 2:

Hebraei retro, qui nunc Judaei,

id. Apol. 18.—

In other relations, back, behind, in return, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa:

ab imā (voce) ad summam ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

ut omnia, quae sine eā (honestate) sint, longe retro ponenda censeat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 87:

rursum versus retroque,

id. Part. 7, 24; cf.:

vide rursus retro,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: sic omnia fatis In pejus ruere, ac retro sublapsa referri, i. e. against one ' s efforts or wish, Verg. G. 1, [p. 1588] 200; cf.:

retro vivere,

Sen. Ep. 122 fin.:

si malum perfidia, non est fallendum. Idem retro,

Quint. 5, 10, 74:

fructus hominis in operis consistit et retro in fructu hominis operae sunt,

Dig. 7, 7, 4; cf. ib. 46, 1, 21; 46, 3, 67 et saep.

; they are sometimes written separately.

rĕus, i, m., and rĕa, ae, f. [res], jurid. t. t.

Originally, a party to an action (res), either plaintiff or defendant; afterwards restricted to the party accused, defendant, prisoner, etc.:

reos appello non eos modo, qui arguuntur, sed omnes, quorum de re disceptatur. Sic enim olim loquebantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; cf.:

reos appello, quorum res est,

id. ib. 2, 79, 321: reus nunc dicitur, qui causam dicit: et item qui quid promisit spoponditve ac debet. At Gallus Aelius, lib. II. Significationum verborum quae ad jus pertinent, ait:

reus est qui cum altero litem contestatam habet, sive is egit, sive cum eo actum est,

Fest. p. 273 Müll. It is found in this original signif. in the Lex XII. Tab., Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l., which Ulpian periphrases:

si judex vel alteruter ex litigatoribus morbo sontico impediatur,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

In the stricter sense.

A party obliged or under obligation to do or pay any thing, one answerable or responsible for any thing, a bondsman, a debtor: reus dictus est a re, quam promisit ac debet. Reus stipulando est, qui stipulatur. Reus promittendo est, qui suo nomine alteri quid pro altero promisit, Fest. pp. 135 and 227; cf. Dig. 45, 2, 1; and:

delegare est vice suā alium reum dare creditori vel cui jusserit,

ib. 46, 2, 11:

pecuniae reus fieri,

ib. 16, 1, 17:

dotis,

ib. 23, 3, 22, § 2:

locationis,

ib. 19, 2, 13, § 9.—

Transf., in gen., one who is bound by any thing, who is answerable for any thing, a debtor (very rare): quo intentius custodiae serventur, opportuna loca dividenda praefectis esse, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, answerable or responsible for, Liv. 25, 30: voti reus, bound by my vow (sc. in having obtained my desire), Verg. A. 5, 237 (voti reus, debitor, Serv.:

voti reus: Haec vox propria sacrorum est, ut reus vocetur, qui suscepto voto se numinibus obligat, damnatus autem, qui promissa vota non solvit,

Macr. S. 3, 2). —

One who is accused or arraigned, a defendant, prisoner, a criminal, culprit (the predominant signif. at all periods and in all styles; cf.:

nocens, sons): quis erat petitor? Fannius. Quis reus? Flavius. Quis judex? Cluvius,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42:

inopia reorum... aliquos ad columnam Maeniam reos reperire,

id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 50:

privato Milone et reo ad populum accusante P. Clodio,

id. Mil. 15, 40:

reus Milonis lege Plotiā fuit Clodius quoad vixit,

id. ib. 13 fin.:

facere aliquem reum,

to accuse one, Nep. Alcib. 4, 3.—

Persons under criminal charges usually put on mourning: rei ad populum Furius et Manlius circumeunt sordidati,

Liv. 2, 54, 3 (cf. id. 2, 61; 3, 58; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152). — In fem.:

ut socrus adulescentis rea ne fiat,

Cic. Fam. 13, 54:

tota rea citaretur Etruria,

id. Mil. 19, 50:

rea es,

Sen. Contr. 4, 29. —

With a statement of the crime or the punishment, one guilty of any crime, one condemned to any punishment:

facti reus,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 16:

aliquem rei capitalis reum facere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf.

capitis,

Quint. 12, 10, 70:

avaritiae,

Cic. Fl. 3, 7:

lenocinii,

Quint. 5, 10, 47:

parricidii,

id. 7, 2, 17:

manifesti peculatūs,

id. 12, 1, 43 et saep.:

Sestius, qui est de vi reus,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; so,

de vi,

id. Vatin. 17, 41; Quint. 11, 1, 51:

de ambitu,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2:

de moribus,

Quint. 4, 2, 3:

est enim reus uterque ob eandem causam et eodem crimine,

Cic. Vatin. 17, 41:

mortis reus,

Vulg. Matt. 26, 66:

cum equester ordo reus a consulibus citaretur,

Cic. Sest. 15, 35. — For the expressions reum facere, agere, peragere, postulare, inter reos referre, etc., v. h. vv.—

Transf., in gen.:

judex sim Reusque ad eam rem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12:

reus fortunae,

that was to be blamed for a misfortune, Liv. 6, 24; 9, 8:

facinoris,

Tac. A. 2, 66:

reus agor,

Ov. H. 20, 91.— In fem.:

fortuna una accusatur, una agitur rea,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22:

cum rea laudis agar,

Ov. H. 14, 120.

scĕlus, ĕris, n. [Sanscr. root skhal, to fall, akin to khal-, to deceive; cf. Goth. skal, to owe], an evil deed; a wicked, heinous, or impious action; a crime, sin, enormity, wickedness (the strongest general term for a morally bad act or quality; very freq. both in sing. and plur.; cf. nefas).

Lit.

Absol.:

facinus est vincire civem Romanum, scelus verberare, prope parricidium necare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; cf. so (opp. to flagitia and delicta) Tac. G. 12:

majus in sese scelus concipere nefariis sceleribus coöpertus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

detestabile scelus,

id. Lael. 8, 27:

scelus atque perfidia,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so (with perfidia) id. Phil. 11, 2, 5; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; 3, 13, 2; Sall. J. 107, 2; Liv. 40, 39 al.; cf. (with audacia) Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; (with furor) id. ib. 2, 5, 62, § 161; (with avaritia) id. ib. 2, 5, 9, § 24; id. Clu. 8, 23:

documentum Persarum sceleris,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia... hinc pietas, illinc scelus,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

scelus est igitur, nocere bestiae, quod scelus qui velit, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 19:

quid mali aut sceleris fingi aut excogitari potest, quod, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

nefario scelere concepto,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 72:

concipere in se,

id. ib. 2, 1, 4, §

9 (v. supra): tantum sceleris admittere,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3:

scelus nefarium facere,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 221; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:

perficere,

id. Clu. 68, 194:

scelus an-helare,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 1:

moliri,

id. Att. 7, 11, 1:

edere,

id. Phil. 13, 9, 21; cf.:

edere in aliquem,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

suscipere,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 2:

scelere se alligare,

id. Fl. 17, 41:

scelere astringi,

id. Sest. 50, 108:

scelere obstringi,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71:

obrui,

Liv. 3, 19 et saep.—

With gen. obj.:

scelus legatorum contra jus gentium interfectorum,

the crime of murdering their deputies, Liv. 4, 32.—Prov.:

vulgo dicitur: Scelera non habere consilium,

Quint. 7, 2, 44.—

Transf.

Of animals or inanimate things (post-Aug.; perh. only in Plin.), a bad quality, vicious nature, a vice, fault: nec bestiarum solum ad nocendum scelera [p. 1641] sunt, sed interim aquarum quoque et locorum, Plin. 25, 3, 6, § 20:

maximum salamandrae,

id. 29, 4, 23, § 74:

Scythae sagittas tingunt viperină sanie... inremediabile id scelus,

id. 11, 53, 115, § 279.—

Concr., in vulgar lang. as a term of reproach, rascal, scoundrel, villain, rogue; and of women, drab, baggage, etc.: minime miror, navis si fracta tibi, Scelus te et sceleste parta quae vexit bona, Plant. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Am. 2, 1, 7; id. Bacch. 5, 1, 9; id. Mil. 3, 2, 14; 3, 2, 27; id. Pers. 4, 9, 6; Ter. And. 2, 1, 17; 4, 1, 42; id. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Ad. 5, 1, 6; 5, 1, 12 al.; cf.:

scelus viri,

you scoundrel of a man, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.— With a masc. pron.:

is me scelus attondit, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 9:

ubi illic est scelus, quid me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; cf.:

scelus, quemnam hic laudat?

id. ib. 5, 2, 3.—

In Plaut., Ter., and Mart., a mishap (qs. arising from wickedness), a misfortune, calamity (cf. sceleratus, B. 2., and scelestus, II.):

perdidi unum filium puerum quadrimum... Major potitus hostium est: quod hoc est scelus!

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 104: Pa. Quid hoc est sceleris? Ch. Perii, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 34 Ruhnk.; Mart. 7, 14, 1.—

A natural catastrophe: scelera naturae, i. e. earthquakes, inundations, etc., Plin. 2, 93, 95, § 206.

sēdes, is ( gen. plur. sedum, Cic. Sest. 20, acc. to Prisc. p. 771 P.:

sedium, from form sedis,

Liv. 5, 42 Drak. N. cr.; Vell. 2, 109, 3), f. [sedeo, q. v.], a seat (freq. and class.).

Lit., that on which one sits, a bench, chair, throne, etc.

In gen.:

in iis sedibus, quae erant sub platano,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 29:

haec sedes honoris, sella curulis,

id. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

sedes honoris sui,

Liv. 9, 46, 9; cf.:

ceteros (senatores) in sedibus suis trucidatos,

id. 5, 41 fin.: in sedes collocat se regias, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. 127, 31; so,

regia,

Liv. 1, 47:

positis sedibus consederunt,

id. 42, 39 fin.:

bis sex caelestes, medio Jove, sedibus altis sedent,

Ov. M. 6, 72; cf.:

media inter deos sedes,

Plin. Pan. 52, 1:

in saxo frigida sedi, Quamque lapis sedes, tam lapis ipsa fui,

Ov. H. 10, 50.—In the plur. also of the seat of a single person:

tibi concedo meas sedes,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104 (cf. infra, II. b).— Poet.: non si priores Maeonius tenet Sedes Homerus, the foremost seat, the first rank (the fig. borrowed from the rows of seats in the theatre), Hor. C. 4, 9, 6.—

In partic., in the elder Pliny, the seat, fundament, Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 61; 22, 25, 70, § 143; 23, 3, 37, § 75; 23, 4, 41, § 83; 26, 8, 58, § 90; 32, 9, 33, § 104.—

Transf., in gen., of a place where one stays, a seat, dwelling-place, residence, habitation, abode, temple, etc. (the prevailing signif.; syn.: domicilium, locus, habitatio).

Sing. (used alike of the residence of one or more persons):

hi coetus (hominum) hac, de quā exposui, causā instituti sedem primum certo loco domiciliorum causā constituerunt, quam cum locis manuque sepsissent, ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

sentio te sedem etiam nunc hominum ac domum contemplari (i. e. terram),

id. ib. 6, 19, 20; so,

hanc sedem et aeternam domum contueri,

id. ib. 6, 23, 25:

in hanc sedem et domum suam,

id. ib. 6, 25, 29; id. Par. 3, 2, 25; cf.:

eam sibi domum sedemque delegit, in quā, etc.,

id. Clu. 66, 188:

haec domus, haec sedes, haec sunt penetralia magni Amnis (sc. Penei),

Ov. M. 1, 574:

in omni sede ac loco ferrum flammamque metuemus,

Cic. Mur. 39, 85; so (with locus) id. Agr. 2, 17, 46:

nec veni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent,

Verg. A. 11, 112:

illum actum esse praecipitem in sceleratorum sedem atque regionem,

Cic. Clu. 61, 171:

in Italiā bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro,

Liv. 22, 39:

ea res Trojanis spem adfirmat tandem stabili certāque sede finiendi erroris,

id. 1, 1, 10:

crematā patriā domo profugos sedem quaerere,

id. 1, 1, 8; 10, 10, 10; 38, 16, 13; 39, 54, 5;

40, 38, 4: Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

Vell. 1, 3, 1:

ultra hos Chatti initium sedis ab Hercynio saltu incohant,

Tac. G. 30; id. A. 3, 73; 13, 54; Curt. 9, 4, 2; Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 246:

modo Graecis ultro bellum inferebamus: nunc in sedibus nostris propulsamus illatum,

Curt. 4, 14, 21:

non motam Termini sedem (just before: in Termini fano),

Liv. 1, 55; cf.:

quod Juppiter O. M. suam sedem atque arcem populi Romani in re trepidā tutatus esset,

id. 5, 50:

statim regis praetorium petunt, in ipsius potissimum sede morituri,

Just. 2, 11, 15:

(ulmus) nota quae sedes fuerat columbis,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 10 et saep.— Poet.:

sedes scelerata, for sceleratorum,

i. e. the infernal regions, Ov. M. 4, 456; cf.:

Tibur Sit meae sedes utinam senectae,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 6:

talia diversa nequicquam sede locuti,

place, spot, Ov. M. 4, 78.—

Plur. (in good prose usually only of the dwellings of several):

qui incolunt eas urbes non haerent in suis sedibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 7:

eorum domicilia, sedes, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 3; cf.:

ut (Galli) aliud domicilium, alias sedes petant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

sedes habere in Galliā,

id. ib. 1, 44:

reverti se in suas sedes regionesque simulaverunt,

id. ib. 4, 4:

quae gens ad hoc tempus iis sedibus se continet,

id. ib. 6, 24; cf. id. ib. 4, 4 fin.:

novas ipsi sedes ab se auctae multitudini addiderunt,

Liv. 2, 1:

qui profugi sedibus incertis vagabantur,

Sall. C. 6, 1; cf. id. J. 18, 2:

(deūm) sedes nostris sedibus esse Dissimiles debent,

Lucr. 5, 153; so,

divum, deum sedes,

id. 3, 18; 5, 146; 5, 1188; Hor. C. 3, 3, 34; cf.:

sedes sanctae penatium deorumque larumque familiarium,

Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7:

deos ipsos convulsos ex sedibus suis,

Liv. 38, 43:

discretae piorum,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 23:

silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 772:

animalia ad assuetas sibi sedes revertuntur,

Quint. 11, 2, 6.—Of the dwelling of a single person (cf. supra, I. A.): cur (Juppiter) suas Discutit infesto praeclaras fulmine sedes, Lucr. 6, 418:

(Demaratus) in eā civitate domicilium et sedes collocavit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34:

immissum esse ab eo C. Cornelium, qui me in sedibus meis trucidaret,

id. Sull. 6, 18; id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19:

patrias age desere sedes, i. e. patriam,

Ov. M. 15, 22; cf.:

Aeneam in Siciliam quaerentem sedes delatum,

Liv. 1, 1, 4.—

Esp.

Of the abode of the dead, a burial-place:

ita Augustum in foro potius quam in Campo Martis sede destinatā cremari vellent,

Tac. A. 1, 10:

sedibus ut saltem placidis in morte quiescam,

Verg. A. 6, 371; 6, 152.—

Of the home of the soul, i. e. the body:

prior,

Ov. M. 15, 159:

anima de sede volens Exire,

id. ib. 11, 788. —

In relation to inanimate subjects, that upon which any thing sits fast or rests, a seat, place, spot, base, ground, foundation, bottom, etc.

Sing.:

hanc urbem (Romam) sedem aliquando et domum summo esse imperio praebituram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

rupes caeduntur sedemque trabibus cavatae praebere coguntur,

Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 74; 2, 38, 38, § 102:

superbia in superciliis sedem habet,

id. 11, 37, 51, § 138:

num montes moliri sede suā paramus?

to push from their place, Liv. 9, 3:

Athon Pindumve revulsos Sede suā,

Ov. M. 11, 555:

patriam pulsam sede suā,

Liv. 27, 34; cf.:

voluptas mentem e suā sede et statu demovet,

Cic. Par. 1, 3, 15 (v. also in the foll. b): ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28; cf.:

deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice,

to its former state, Hor. Epod. 13, 8: Veios an Fidenas sedem belli caperent, the seat or scene of war, Liv. 4, 31; so,

belli (bello),

id. 28, 44, 15; Vell. 2, 74, 3; Tac. H. 1, 65; 3, 32; 3, 8; 2, 19; Suet. Galb. 10 al.:

hilaritatis sedes,

Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 198:

neque verba sedem habere possunt, si rem subtraxeris,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 19:

affectus quibusdam videntur in prooemio atque in epilogo sedem habere,

Quint. 6, 1, 51 (cf. in the foll. b):

haec est sedes orationis, etc.,

id. 9, 4, 62:

non ut de sede secundā Cederet aut quartā (iambus),

Hor. A. P. 257:

ut sola ponatur in summi boni sede (voluptas),

Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37:

nec mens mihi nec color Certā sede manent,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 6.—Of the site on which a city formerly stood:

vetustissima sedes Assyriae,

Tac. A. 12, 13; cf.:

in eā sede, quam Palaetyron ipsi vocant,

Curt. 4, 2, 4.—

Plur.:

coloni Capuae in sedibus luxuriosis collocati,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

nonnumquam fracta ossa in suis sedibus remanent, etc.... fragmenta in suas sedes reponenda sunt,

Cels. 8, 10:

rursus in antiquas redeunt primordia sedes Ignis,

Lucr. 6, 871; 4, 1041:

dum solidis etiamnum sedibus astas,

on firm ground, Ov. M. 2, 147:

cum mihi ipsa Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis visa est,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

turrim convellimus altis Sedibus,

Verg. A. 2, 465:

totamque a sedibus urbem Eruit,

id. ib. 2, 611:

monstrabantur urbium sedes, Lyrnessi et Thebes,

Curt. 3, 4, 10:

haec tot gentium excita sedibus suis moles,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

totum (mare) a sedibus imis Eurusque Notusque ruunt,

Verg. A. 1, 84; Quint. 8, 6, 63; so,

argumentorum,

id. 5, 10, 20 (corresp. to loci); 5, 12, 17.

consŭlo, lŭi, ltum, 3, v. n. and a. [from con and root sal-; cf. consul and consilium].

To consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, reflect upon, consult.

Neutr.

In gen.

Absol.: quid nunc? etiam consulis? do you still deliberate, i. e. hesitate? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 171; cf. id. Truc. 2, 4, 75 Speng.: ne quid in consulendo adversi eveniat, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

consulto opus est,

there is need of deliberation, Sall. C. 1, 6:

dum tempus consulendi est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19:

satis facere consulentibus,

Cic. Or. 42, 143:

ut omnium rerum vobis ad consulendum potestas esset,

Liv. 8, 13, 18:

ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent,

id. 21, 16, 2:

praesidium consulenti curiae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.—

With in and acc.:

consulere in longitudinem,

to take thought for the future, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 10:

in commune,

for the common good, id. And. 3, 3, 16; Liv. 32, 21, 1; Tac. A. 12, 5; id. Agr. 12; Curt. 5, 9, 14;

and in the same sense: in medium,

Verg. A. 11, 335; Liv. 24, 22, 15; Tac. H. 2, 5; Luc. 5, 46:

in unum,

Tac. H. 1, 68; 4, 70:

in publicum (opp. suscipere proprias simultates),

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Tac. A. 1, 24.—

With de and abl.:

bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

Sall. C. 51, 5; so,

de communibus negotiis,

id. J. 105, 1:

de salute suorum,

Cic. Sull. 22, 63:

omnibus de rebus,

Tac. A. 4, 40.—

With ut or ne:

consulere vivi ac prospicere debemus, ut illorum (liberorum) solitudo munita sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153:

tu ne qua manus se attollere nobis A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe,

Verg. A. 9, 322.— Impers.:

ut urbi... satis esset praesidii, consultum atque provisum est,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

ne deficerent, consulendum esse,

Cels. 3, 4, 31.—

Esp., consulere alicui or alicui rei, to take care for some person or thing, to be mindful of, take care of, look to, have regard for, to counsel or consult for:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

quid me fiat, parvi pendis, dum illi consulas,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 37:

qui parti civium consulunt, partem neglegunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: consulere eorum commodis et utilitati salutique [p. 442] servire, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; so,

famae, pudicitiae tuae,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3:

dignitati meae,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

suae vitae,

Caes. B. G. 7, 12:

receptui sibi,

id. B. C. 3, 69:

reipublicae juxta ac sibi,

Sall. C. 37, 8; id. J. 58, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:

timori magis quam religioni,

Caes. B. C. 1, 67; cf.:

magis irae quam famae,

Sall. C. 51, 7:

qui mi consultum optime velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1: mi ires consultum male? to counsel evil or badly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 36; so,

male patriae,

Nep. Epam. 10, 1; id. Phoc. 2, 2.—With si:

melius consulet (sibi), si, etc.,

Cels. 1, 3, 55.—

Consulere aliquem (or aliquid), to consult with one, to ask his opinion or advice, to ask counsel of, to consult, question (for the sake of advice).

In gen.:

cum te consuluissem, quid mihi faciendum esse censeres,

Cic. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

te, qui philosophum audis,

id. ib. 9, 26, 1:

Apellem tragoedum, uter, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 33 al. —Of inanim. objects:

speculum suum,

Ov. A. A. 3, 136; cf.:

spectatas undas, quid se deceat,

id. M. 4, 312:

nares, an olerent aera Corinthōn,

Mart. 9, 60, 11:

diem de gemmis, etc.,

Ov. A. A. 1, 251 sq.:

animum nostrum,

Quint. 4, 2, 52:

aures meas,

id. 9, 4, 93:

suas vires,

id. 10, 2, 18 al. —With two accs.:

ibo et consulam hanc rem amicos, quid faciundum censeant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 26:

nec te id consulo,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2:

consulere prudentiorem coepi aetates tabularum,

Petr. 88.—Freq.,

Esp. as t. t.

In the lang. of religion, to consult a deity, an oracle, omens, etc.:

Apollinem de re,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

deum consuluit auguriis, quae suscipienda essent,

Liv. 1, 20, 7:

deos hominum fibris,

Tac. A. 14, 30 fin.:

Phoebi oracula,

Ov. M. 3, 9; Suet. Vesp. 5:

Tiresiam conjectorem,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76:

haruspicem,

Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11; Suet. Tib. 63; Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

vates nunc extis, nunc per aves,

Liv. 2, 42, 10:

Cumaeam anum,

Ov. F. 4, 158:

avem primum visam augur,

id. ib. 1, 180:

spirantia exta,

Verg. A. 4, 64; so,

trepidantia exta,

Ov. M. 15, 576:

sacras sortes,

id. ib. 11, 412:

Etrusci haruspices male consulentes,

Gell. 4, 5, 5.— Pass. impers.:

si publice consuletur... sin privatim,

Tac. G. 10. —With dependent question:

senatus pontificum collegium consuli jussit, num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset,

Liv. 39, 5, 9:

consulti per ludibrium pontifices, an concepto necdum edito partu rite nuberet,

Tac. A. 1, 10.—

In judic. lang., to ask advice of a lawyer, to consult, etc.:

quam inanes domus eorum omnium, qui de jure civili consuli solent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:

consuli quidem te a Caesare scribis: sed ego tibi ab illo consuli mallem,

id. Fam. 7, 11, 2:

si jus consuleres, peritissimus,

Liv. 39, 40, 6:

munus hoc eorum qui consuluntur,

i. e. who are skilled in the law, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; so id. Quint. 16, 53.—

With dependent question: consulens eum, an seni jam testato suaderet ordinare suprema judicia,

Quint. 6, 3, 92.—The formula usual in asking advice was, licet consulere? Cic. Mur. 13, 28; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 192.—

In publicists' lang., to take counsel with the competent authorities, to consult:

Quirites, utrum, etc.,

Liv. 31, 7, 2; so,

senatum,

Sall. J. 28, 2:

senatum de foedere,

id. ib. 39, 2;

62, 10: populum de ejus morte,

Cic. Mil. 7, 16:

plebem in omnia (tribuni),

Liv. 6, 39, 2 al. —

Aliquid.

To take counsel or deliberate upon something, to consider:

est consulere quiddam quod tecum volo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 53; id. Pers. 5, 2, 63:

rem delatam consulere ordine non licuit,

Liv. 2, 28, 2; so,

consulere et explorare rem,

Cic. Att. 2, 16, 4:

consulis rem nulli obscuram,

Verg. A. 11, 344 al.:

bis repulsi Galli quid agant consulunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 83.—

To advise something, to give advice:

tun' consulis quicquam?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 22.— Absol.:

ab re consulit blandiloquentulus,

advises to his hurt, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 17.

Sometimes meton. (causa pro effectu).

To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine.

Neutr.; constr. absol. or with de aliquo or in aliquem:

de nullis quam de vobis infestius aut inimicius consuluerunt,

Liv. 28, 29, 8; so,

de perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis,

id. 30, 43, 13:

in humiliores libidinose crudeliterque consulebatur,

id. 3, 36, 7; so,

crudeliter in deditos victosque,

id. 8, 13, 15; cf. Tac. Agr. 16. —

Act.:

quid in concilio consuluistis?

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 6:

animum ego inducam tamen, ut illud, quod tuam in rem bene conducat, consulam,

id. Cist. 3, 4: ne quid gravius de salute tuā consulas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 1:

pessime istuc in te atque in illum consulis,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 28:

quae reges irā inpulsi male consuluerint,

Sall. C. 51, 4:

nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

id. J. 95, 3.— Pass. impers.:

aliter mihi de illis ac de me ipso consulendum est,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3.—

With the access. idea of judging, in the connection boni, optimi aliquid consulere, to excuse, take in good part, interpret favorably; be contented, pleased, or satisfied with:

sit consul a consulendo vel a judicando: nam et hoc consulere veteres vocaverunt, unde adhuc remanet illud Rogat boni consulas, id est bonum judices,

Quint. 1, 6, 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 8 Müll.: nemo hoc rex ausus est facere, eane fieri bonis, bono genere gnatis boni consulitis? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

boni consulendum,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 40 Müll.:

tu haec quaeso consule missa boni,

Ov. P. 3, 8, 24; cf. id. Tr. 4, 1, 106; so,

nostrum laborem,

Quint. 6, prooem. § 16; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 3:

hoc munus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 8; id. Prov. 2, 4; id. Ep. 9, 20; 17, 9; 88, 17:

quaerebat argentum avaritia: boni consuluit interim invenisse minium,

Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 4;

8, 16, 17, § 44: boni et optimi consulere,

App. M. 8, p. 205, 28.— Hence,

consultus, a, um, P. a.

Well considered or weighed, deliberated upon, maturely pondered:

bene consultum consilium surripitur saepissume, si minus, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 5 sq.:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250: neque eam usquam invenio, neque quo eam, neque quā quaeram consultum'st, I know neither, etc., Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 6:

operā consultā,

with mature reflection, Gell. 7 (6), 17, 3;

in the same sense, consulto consilio,

Paul. Sent. 1, 9, 6:

consultius est huic poenalem quoque stipulationem subjungere,

it is better. more advantageous, Dig. 2, 15, 15.—

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Knowing, skilful, experienced, practised, esp. in law; skilled or learned in the law:

non ille magis juris consultus quam justitiae fuit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 10:

juris atque eloquentiae,

Liv. 10, 22, 7:

consultissimus vir omnis divini atque humani juris,

id. 1, 18, 1; cf. Gell. 1, 13, 10:

insanientis sapientiae,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 3:

universae disciplinae,

Col. 11, 1, 12.—Hence, subst.: consultus, i, m., a lawyer:

tu consultus modo rusticus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep 2, 2, 87; 2, 2, 159; Ov. A. A. 1, 83.— Esp. with juris, often written as one word, jūrisconsultus, i, m., v. h. v.— Absol.:

ut natura non disciplinā consultus esse videatur,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

consultorum alterum disertissimum, disertorum alterum consultissimum fuisse,

id. Brut. 40, 148:

consultiores sibimet videntur Deo,

Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.—

Subst.: consultum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) A consultation, inquiry of a deity:

Sostratus (sacerdos) ubi laeta et congruentia exta magnisque consultis annuere deam videt, etc.,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—

(Acc. to II.) A decree, decision, resolution, plan; so first, Senatus consultum, or in one word, Senatusconsul-tum, a decree of the Senate (most freq. in all periods; the senatus consulta were not, like the plebiscita, the supreme law of the republic; but under the emperors, all new laws took this form, v. esp. Sandars, Introd., Just. Inst. § 15;

1, 2, 5),

Sall. C. 42, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149:

senatus consultum est quod senatus jubet atque constituit, nam cum auctus esset populus Romanus... aequum visum est senatum vice populi consuli,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5;

for which, consulta Patrum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 41. —Of a decree of the Sicilian council:

ne senatus consultum Siculi homines facere possent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146.—Also in other connections:

facta et consulta fortium et sapientium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 62; cf.:

facta consultaque Alexandri,

Sall. H. 3, 7 Dietsch:

consulta et decreta,

id. J. 11, 5:

consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere,

all objects of consultation, plans, id. ib. 108, 2; cf.:

ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque,

plans, Liv. 25, 16, 4; and:

approbare collegam consulta,

id. 10, 39, 10:

dum consulta petis,

responses, oracles, divinations, Verg. A. 6, 151:

tua magna,

decisions, id. ib. 11, 410; so,

mollia,

Tac. A. 1, 40:

mala,

id. ib. 6, 6:

ex consulto factum,

purposely, voluntarily, Auct. Her. 2, 30, 49.—Hence, adv., considerately, deliberately, designedly, on purpose.

Form consultō (class. in prose and poetry):

utrum perturbatione aliquā animi an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 43; Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 85; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 37; Sall. J. 60, 5; 64, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 19; Tac. A. 4, 16; Suet. Caes. 56; * Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 al. —

Form consultē (mostly ante- and post-class.):

qui consulte, docte atque astute cavet,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:

caute atque consulte gesta,

Liv. 22, 38, 11; Spart. Had. 2.— Comp., Liv. 22, 24, 3; Tac. H. 2, 24. — Sup., Capitol. Pert. 7.

simplex, ĭcis (abl., regul. simplici;

simplice,

Lucr. 1, 1013), adj. [sim-; cf. Sanscr. sam, Gr. hama, with Lat. sin-guli, semel, sem-per; and plico].

In gen., simple, plain, uncompounded, unmixed, = haplous (cf.:

sincerus, purus): aut simplex est natura animantis, ut vel terrena sit, vel ignea, etc.... aut concreta est ex pluribus naturis,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 34:

natura (opp. mixta, conexa, etc.),

Lucr. 3, 231; Cic. N. D. 2, 11, 29; id. Sen. 21, 78:

si unum ac simplex (genus inperii) probandum sit, regium probem,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

finis bonorum, qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimillimis rebus misceri et temperari potest,

id. Off. 3, 33, 119:

(comoedia) Duplex quae ex argumento facta'st simplici,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 6:

(auditus) iter simplex et directum (opp. flexuosum),

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144:

simplex est manere, illud (in Hispaniam ire) anceps,

free from risk, id. Att. 12, 7, 1:

unum est et simplex aurium judicium,

free from complication, id. Font. 10, 22 (6, 12):

necessitudines,

unqualified, absolute, id. Inv. 2, 57, 171; cf.:

simplex officium atque una est bonorum omnium causa,

id. Sull. 3, 9:

nihil simplici in genere omnibus ex partibus perfectum natura expolivit,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

res aperta ac simplex,

id. Caecin. 2, 5:

ratio veritatis,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 229; Quint. 8, 3, 87:

decem regii lembi simplici ordine intrarunt urbem,

i. e. one by one, Liv. 44, 12, 6; Tac. H. 5, 23; cf.: simplici directā acie, simplicibus ordinibus, single, Auct. B. Alex. 37, 3 sq.:

acies,

id. B. Afr. 13, 2:

simplex acies media, cornibus duplex,

id. ib. 59, 2:

simplici caule,

Plin. 25, 7, 36, § 74: cum in eo ne simplici quidem genere mortis contenti inimici fuissent, i. e. not with his simple death, but must have torture, Liv. 40, 24, 8:

qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte puniit,

Suet. Caes. 74:

qui proculcari nepotem, quam simplici morte interfici maluit,

Just. 44, 4, 4 al.:

nec via mortis erat simplex,

they died in various ways, Verg. G. 3, 482; cf.:

ne simplici quidem morte moriebantur, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. l. l. (H. 3, 25 Dietsch ad loc.): nec modus inserere atque oculos inponere simplex,

Verg. G. 2, 73:

vulnus,

Ov. M. 6, 254:

(tibia) tenuis simplexque foramine pauco,

Hor. A. P. 203:

simplici myrto nihil allabores,

id. C. 1, 38, 5:

esca,

id. S. 2, 2, 73:

jus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 64:

cibus,

Plin. 11, 53, 117, § 282:

aqua,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 32; Tac. G. 23:

arces dejecit plus vice simplici,

more than once, Hor. C. 4, 14, 13:

verba,

uncompounded, Quint. 1, 5, 3:

voces,

id. 1, 5, 65; but: ornatus verborum duplex, unus simplicium, alius conlocatorum, single, Cic. Or. 24, 80; cf.:

quaedam sunt in rebus simplicia, quaedam complicata,

id. Fat. 13, 30.— Comp.:

quantitas simplicior,

Quint. 11, 3, 15.— Sup.:

ex simplicissimā quāque materiā (opp. multiplex),

Quint. 10, 5, 10:

res,

id. 10, 2, 10.—

In partic., simple in a moral sense, without dissimulation, open, frank, straightforward, direct, guileless, artless, honest, sincere, ingenuous, etc. (cf. candidus).—Of persons:

cum de viro bono quaeritur, quem apertum et simplicem volumus esse, non sunt in disputando vafri, non veteratores, non malitiosi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

simplicem et communem et consentientem... eligi par est (opp. multiplex ingenium et tortuosum),

id. Lael. 18, 65; id. Ac. 2, 35, 112:

tuum hominis simplicis pectus vidimus,

id. Phil. 2, 43, 111; Liv. 24, 10; Hor. S. 1, 3, 52; 2, 2, 68; id. C. 2, 8, 14; Ov. H. 12, 90; 16, 285:

credebant simplices ac religiosi homines,

Liv. 24, 10, 6.—Of things:

fidelis et simplex et fautrix suorum regio,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

animal sine fraude dolisque, Innocuum, simplex,

Ov. M. 15, 121: animus, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

nihil simplex, nihil sincerum,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2:

virtus,

Vell. 2, 129, 1:

verba,

Suet. Tib. 61:

cogitationes,

Tac. G. 22.— Comp.:

simplicior quis,

too straightforward, too blunt, Hor. S. 1, 3, 63.— Sup.:

simplicissimi omnium habentur iracundi,

Sen. Ira, 2, 16, 3:

dux,

Vell. 2, 116, 4:

mens,

Petr. 101, 3.—Hence, adv.: simplĭcĭter (acc. to I.), simply, plainly, straightforwardly, naturally, directly, utterly, without reserve, = haplôs:

quorum (verborum) primum nobis ratio simpliciter videnda est, deinde conjuncte,

Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 149:

quaedam genera causarum simpliciter ex suā vi considerantur,

id. Inv. 2, 33, 102:

ipsa inventa exponentur simpliciter sine ullā exornatione,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11:

locuti sunt simpliciter et splendide,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 68:

aut simpliciter quaeritur aut comparate,

id. Top. 22, 84:

si est simpliciter breviterque dicendum,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31; so (with breviter) id. Arch. 12, 32:

illud nomen simpliciter positum, hoc ad aliquid esse,

Quint. 1, 6, 13:

frondes Simpliciter positae, scaena sine arte fuit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 106; Tac. G. 5; cf. comp.:

brevius ac simplicius tradi,

Quint. 8, prooem. §

1: ignorare se dixit, quidnam perplexi sua legatio haberet, cum simpliciter ad amicitiam petendam venissent,

simply, purely, only, Liv. 34, 57, 6:

quidam ludere eum simpliciter, quidam haud dubie insanire, aiebant,

merely, only, id. 41, 20, 4:

Cyrenaica philosophia, quam ille et ejus posteri simpliciter defenderunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 62:

in sententiā simpliciter e re publicā ferendā,

id. Red. ad Quir. 10, 24 B. and K.— Comp.:

molluscum simplicius sparsum,

Plin. 16, 16, 27, § 68.—

(Acc. to II.) Plainly, openly, frankly, artlessly, ingenuously, uprightly, honestly, candidly: simpliciter et candide, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

simpliciter scripserat quae sentiebat,

Curt. 7, 2, 36:

simpliciter et libere (opp. dissimulanter et furtim),

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2:

simpliciter et palam lusit,

Suet. Aug. 71:

me amice simpliciterque reprehenderent,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1:

qui se simpliciter credunt amicis,

id. ib. 6, 22, 1.— Comp.:

simultates simplicius nutrire (opp. callide),

Tac. H. 3, 53 fin.:

quo simplicius tibi confitebor,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 1; Quint. 1, 13, 2; Tac. H. 3, 53. — Sup.:

simplicissime loqui,

Tac. H. 1, 15 fin. —

In the singular number:

dicere,

Hier. in Matt. 1, 2 fin.

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).

suf-fĭcĭo ( subf-), fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. and n. [facio].

To put under or among.

Of a building, to lay the foundation for: opus. Curt. 5, 1, 29 Zumpt. —

Esp., to put into, dip in, dye, impregnate, imbue, tinge, lanam medicamentis, to impregnate, imbue, tinge, Cic. ap. Non. 386, 10, and 521, 19:

(angues) ardentes oculos suffecti sanguine et igni,

suffused, colored, Verg. A. 2, 210:

maculis suffecta genas,

Val. Fl. 2, 105:

suffecta leto lumina,

id. 1, 822; cf.:

nubes sole suffecta,

i. e. shone through, irradiated, Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 11.—

To give, affard, furnish, supply = suppeditare, hupechein (mostly poet.):

(nebulae) sufficiunt nubes,

Lucr. 6, 480:

ut cibus aliam naturam sufficit ex se,

id. 3, 704:

haec aëra rarum Sufficiunt nobis,

id. 2, 108:

tellus Sufficit umorem,

Verg. G. 2, 424:

aut illae (salices) pecori frondem aut pastoribus umbras Sufficiunt saepemque satis et pabula melli,

id. ib. 2, 435:

ut (Hispania) Italiae cunctarum rerum abundantiam sufficiat,

Just. 44, 1, 4:

dux agmina sufficit unus turbanti terras,

Sil. 1, 36; cf.:

Horatius eos excursionibus sufficiendo adsuefacerat sibi fidere,

by permitting to take part in, Liv. 3, 61, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.; Petr. 27.— Trop.:

ipse pater Danais animos viresque secundas Sufficit,

gives courage and strength, Verg. A. 2, 618; 9, 803.—

To occupy with, employ in: Horatius eos (milites) excursionibus (dat.) sufficiendo proeliisque levibus experiundo assuefecerat sibi fidere, by employing them in sallies, etc., Liv. 3, 61.—

To put in the place of, to substitute for another; and esp., to choose or elect in the place of any one (class.; esp. freq. of magistrates, e. g. of consuls;

syn. subrogo): suffectus in Lucretii locum M. Horatius Pulvillus,

Liv. 2, 8, 4: in Appii locum suffectus, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2:

consul in sufficiendo collegā occupatus,

Cic. Mur. 39, 85; cf.:

ne consul sufficiatur,

id. ib. 38, 82:

censorem in demortui locum,

Liv. 5, 31, 7:

suffectis in loca eorum novis regibus,

Just. 11, 10, 7:

ipsae (apes) regem parvosque Quirites Sufficiunt,

Verg. G. 4, 202:

seu tribunos modo seu tribunis suffectos consules quoque habuit,

Liv. 4, 8, 1:

quia collegam suffici censori religio erat,

id. 6, 27, 4; 6, 38, 10:

quibus vitio creatis suffecti,

id. 9, 7, 14; 10, 47, 1:

filius patri suffectus,

Tac. A. 4, 16:

Conon Alcibiadi suffectus,

Just. 5, 6, 1:

sperante heredem suffici se proximum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 12.—Esp. in the phrase suffectus consul, a consul elected after the regular time, a vice-consul:

quando duo ordinarii consules ejus anni alter morbo, alter ferro periisset, suffectum consulem negabant recte comitia habere posse,

Liv. 41, 18, 16 Weissenb. ad loc.; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 43, 2; Tac. A. 3, 37 fin.; cf.:

consulatus suffectus,

Aus. Grat. Act. 14, 2, § 32.—

Transf., to cause to take the place of, to supply instead of, to furnish as a substitute ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

atque aliam ex aliā generando suffice prolem,

Verg. G. 3, 65:

septimo eosdem (dentes) decidere anno, aliosque suffici,

Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 68:

quattuor caeli partes in ternas dividunt et singulis ventos binos suffectos dant,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 2.—

Neutr., to be sufficient, to suffice, avail for, meet the need of, satisfy (freq. and class.; syn. suppeto); constr. absol., with dat., ad, adversus, in, with inf., ut or ne; rarely with si.

Absol.:

quamquam nec scribae sufficere nec tabulae nomina illorum capere potuerunt,

Cic. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

nec jam sufficiunt,

Verg. A. 9, 515:

idque (ferrum) diu Suffecit,

id. ib. 12, 739:

Romani quoad sufficere remiges potuerunt, satis pertinaciter secuti sunt,

Liv. 36, 45, 2:

non sufficiebant oppidani,

id. 21, 8, 4:

haec exempli gratiā sufficient,

Quint. 9, 2, 56:

non videntur tempora suffectura,

id. 2, 5, 3:

pro magistratibus, qui non sufficerent,

Suet. Aug. 43:

quīs non sufficientibus,

Curt. 9, 4, 33.—With subject-clause:

sufficit dicere, E portu navigavi,

Quint. 4, 2, 41:

non, quia sufficiat, non esse sacrilegium, sed quia, etc.,

id. 7, 3, 9:

suffecerit haec retulisse,

Suet. Ner. 31; Mart. 9, 1, 8.—

With dat.: nec jam vires sufficere cuiquam, * Caes. B. G. 7, 20; cf.:

vires concipit suffecturas oneri,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 173:

nec iis sufficiat imaginem virtutis effingere,

Quint. 10, 2, 15:

ac mihi quidem sufficeret hoc genus,

id. 5, 10, 90:

paucorum cupiditati cum obsistere non poterant, tamen sufficere aliquo modo poterant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 127:

mons, hominum lacte et carne vescentium abunde sufficiebat alimentis,

Liv. 29, 31, 9:

hae manus suffecere desiderio meo,

Curt. 4, 1, 25; 3, 6, 19:

vires quae sufficiant labori certaminum,

Quint. 10, 3, 3; cf.:

summis operibus suffecturi vires,

id. 2, 4, 33:

pronuntiatio vel scenis suffectura,

id. 10, 1, 119:

quod opus cuicumque discendo sufficiet,

id. 1, 9, 3:

dominis sufficit tantum soli, ut relevare caput possint,

Plin. Ep. 1, 24, 4.— Poet.:

nec sufficit umbo Ictibus,

Verg. A. 9, 810.—

With ad: terra ingenito umore egens vix ad [p. 1792] perennes suffecit amnes, Liv. 4, 30:

inopi aerario nec plebe ad tributum sufficiente,

id. 29, 16:

annus vix ad solacium unius anni,

id. 10, 47:

oppidani ad omnia tuenda non sufficiebant,

id. 21, 8, 4:

quomodo nos ad patiendum sufficiamus,

id. 29, 17, 17; 21, 8, 4; 33, 10:

ad quod si vires non suffecerint,

Quint. 12, 1, 32.—

With adversus:

non suffecturum ducem unum et exercitum unum adversus quattuor populos,

Liv. 10, 25.—

With in:

nec locus in tumulos nec sufficit arbor in ignes,

Ov. M. 7, 613:

ergo ego sufficiam reus in nova crimina semper?

id. Am. 2, 7, 1.—

With inf.:

nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum Sufficimus,

Verg. A. 5, 22.—

With ut or ne:

interim sufficit, ut exorari te sinas,

Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3:

sufficit, ne ea, quae sunt vera, minuantur,

id. ib. 9, 33, 11.—

With si:

sufficere tibi debet, si, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 9:

sufficere his credis, si probi existimentur,

id. Pan. 88, 2.—Hence, P. a.: suffĭcĭens, entis, sufficient, adequate:

aetas vix tantis matura rebus, sed abunde sufficiens,

Curt. 3, 6, 19:

testes,

Dig. 29, 7, 8.— Sup.:

unica et sufficientissima definitio,

Tert. adv. Marc. 5, 2.

suf-fĭcĭo ( subf-), fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. and n. [facio].

To put under or among.

Of a building, to lay the foundation for: opus. Curt. 5, 1, 29 Zumpt. —

Esp., to put into, dip in, dye, impregnate, imbue, tinge, lanam medicamentis, to impregnate, imbue, tinge, Cic. ap. Non. 386, 10, and 521, 19:

(angues) ardentes oculos suffecti sanguine et igni,

suffused, colored, Verg. A. 2, 210:

maculis suffecta genas,

Val. Fl. 2, 105:

suffecta leto lumina,

id. 1, 822; cf.:

nubes sole suffecta,

i. e. shone through, irradiated, Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 11.—

To give, affard, furnish, supply = suppeditare, hupechein (mostly poet.):

(nebulae) sufficiunt nubes,

Lucr. 6, 480:

ut cibus aliam naturam sufficit ex se,

id. 3, 704:

haec aëra rarum Sufficiunt nobis,

id. 2, 108:

tellus Sufficit umorem,

Verg. G. 2, 424:

aut illae (salices) pecori frondem aut pastoribus umbras Sufficiunt saepemque satis et pabula melli,

id. ib. 2, 435:

ut (Hispania) Italiae cunctarum rerum abundantiam sufficiat,

Just. 44, 1, 4:

dux agmina sufficit unus turbanti terras,

Sil. 1, 36; cf.:

Horatius eos excursionibus sufficiendo adsuefacerat sibi fidere,

by permitting to take part in, Liv. 3, 61, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.; Petr. 27.— Trop.:

ipse pater Danais animos viresque secundas Sufficit,

gives courage and strength, Verg. A. 2, 618; 9, 803.—

To occupy with, employ in: Horatius eos (milites) excursionibus (dat.) sufficiendo proeliisque levibus experiundo assuefecerat sibi fidere, by employing them in sallies, etc., Liv. 3, 61.—

To put in the place of, to substitute for another; and esp., to choose or elect in the place of any one (class.; esp. freq. of magistrates, e. g. of consuls;

syn. subrogo): suffectus in Lucretii locum M. Horatius Pulvillus,

Liv. 2, 8, 4: in Appii locum suffectus, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2:

consul in sufficiendo collegā occupatus,

Cic. Mur. 39, 85; cf.:

ne consul sufficiatur,

id. ib. 38, 82:

censorem in demortui locum,

Liv. 5, 31, 7:

suffectis in loca eorum novis regibus,

Just. 11, 10, 7:

ipsae (apes) regem parvosque Quirites Sufficiunt,

Verg. G. 4, 202:

seu tribunos modo seu tribunis suffectos consules quoque habuit,

Liv. 4, 8, 1:

quia collegam suffici censori religio erat,

id. 6, 27, 4; 6, 38, 10:

quibus vitio creatis suffecti,

id. 9, 7, 14; 10, 47, 1:

filius patri suffectus,

Tac. A. 4, 16:

Conon Alcibiadi suffectus,

Just. 5, 6, 1:

sperante heredem suffici se proximum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 12.—Esp. in the phrase suffectus consul, a consul elected after the regular time, a vice-consul:

quando duo ordinarii consules ejus anni alter morbo, alter ferro periisset, suffectum consulem negabant recte comitia habere posse,

Liv. 41, 18, 16 Weissenb. ad loc.; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 43, 2; Tac. A. 3, 37 fin.; cf.:

consulatus suffectus,

Aus. Grat. Act. 14, 2, § 32.—

Transf., to cause to take the place of, to supply instead of, to furnish as a substitute ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

atque aliam ex aliā generando suffice prolem,

Verg. G. 3, 65:

septimo eosdem (dentes) decidere anno, aliosque suffici,

Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 68:

quattuor caeli partes in ternas dividunt et singulis ventos binos suffectos dant,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 2.—

Neutr., to be sufficient, to suffice, avail for, meet the need of, satisfy (freq. and class.; syn. suppeto); constr. absol., with dat., ad, adversus, in, with inf., ut or ne; rarely with si.

Absol.:

quamquam nec scribae sufficere nec tabulae nomina illorum capere potuerunt,

Cic. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

nec jam sufficiunt,

Verg. A. 9, 515:

idque (ferrum) diu Suffecit,

id. ib. 12, 739:

Romani quoad sufficere remiges potuerunt, satis pertinaciter secuti sunt,

Liv. 36, 45, 2:

non sufficiebant oppidani,

id. 21, 8, 4:

haec exempli gratiā sufficient,

Quint. 9, 2, 56:

non videntur tempora suffectura,

id. 2, 5, 3:

pro magistratibus, qui non sufficerent,

Suet. Aug. 43:

quīs non sufficientibus,

Curt. 9, 4, 33.—With subject-clause:

sufficit dicere, E portu navigavi,

Quint. 4, 2, 41:

non, quia sufficiat, non esse sacrilegium, sed quia, etc.,

id. 7, 3, 9:

suffecerit haec retulisse,

Suet. Ner. 31; Mart. 9, 1, 8.—

With dat.: nec jam vires sufficere cuiquam, * Caes. B. G. 7, 20; cf.:

vires concipit suffecturas oneri,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 173:

nec iis sufficiat imaginem virtutis effingere,

Quint. 10, 2, 15:

ac mihi quidem sufficeret hoc genus,

id. 5, 10, 90:

paucorum cupiditati cum obsistere non poterant, tamen sufficere aliquo modo poterant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 127:

mons, hominum lacte et carne vescentium abunde sufficiebat alimentis,

Liv. 29, 31, 9:

hae manus suffecere desiderio meo,

Curt. 4, 1, 25; 3, 6, 19:

vires quae sufficiant labori certaminum,

Quint. 10, 3, 3; cf.:

summis operibus suffecturi vires,

id. 2, 4, 33:

pronuntiatio vel scenis suffectura,

id. 10, 1, 119:

quod opus cuicumque discendo sufficiet,

id. 1, 9, 3:

dominis sufficit tantum soli, ut relevare caput possint,

Plin. Ep. 1, 24, 4.— Poet.:

nec sufficit umbo Ictibus,

Verg. A. 9, 810.—

With ad: terra ingenito umore egens vix ad [p. 1792] perennes suffecit amnes, Liv. 4, 30:

inopi aerario nec plebe ad tributum sufficiente,

id. 29, 16:

annus vix ad solacium unius anni,

id. 10, 47:

oppidani ad omnia tuenda non sufficiebant,

id. 21, 8, 4:

quomodo nos ad patiendum sufficiamus,

id. 29, 17, 17; 21, 8, 4; 33, 10:

ad quod si vires non suffecerint,

Quint. 12, 1, 32.—

With adversus:

non suffecturum ducem unum et exercitum unum adversus quattuor populos,

Liv. 10, 25.—

With in:

nec locus in tumulos nec sufficit arbor in ignes,

Ov. M. 7, 613:

ergo ego sufficiam reus in nova crimina semper?

id. Am. 2, 7, 1.—

With inf.:

nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum Sufficimus,

Verg. A. 5, 22.—

With ut or ne:

interim sufficit, ut exorari te sinas,

Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3:

sufficit, ne ea, quae sunt vera, minuantur,

id. ib. 9, 33, 11.—

With si:

sufficere tibi debet, si, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 9:

sufficere his credis, si probi existimentur,

id. Pan. 88, 2.—Hence, P. a.: suffĭcĭens, entis, sufficient, adequate:

aetas vix tantis matura rebus, sed abunde sufficiens,

Curt. 3, 6, 19:

testes,

Dig. 29, 7, 8.— Sup.:

unica et sufficientissima definitio,

Tert. adv. Marc. 5, 2.

tunc, adv. demonstr., of time [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], then, at that time; but in ante-class. and class. prose tunc is always emphatic, and generally refers to a point of time. In post-Aug. style tunc freq. occurs without emphasis, and is freely used of periods of time. Tunc = deinde occurs first in the class. per. and rarely in prose; but is very freq. after the Aug. per. Tunc in mere co-ordinative use is very rare and not ante-class. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled with an emphatic or temporal particle is very rare in class. prose, but freq. in the postAug. period. Poets often use tunc instead of tum before vowels for the sake of the metre. In general, tunc is not freq. till after the Aug. period. Cic. has tum about thirty times as often as tunc; Caes. has tunc only five times; Livy, in the first two books, has tunc five times, tum eighty-two times; but Val. Max. has tunc four times as often as tum. Sen. almost always has tunc; tum only in a few passages, mostly in co ordinative use. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, tunc largely predominates; but Nep. has tunc once only, and Tac., who employs both words sparingly, has tum oftener than tunc. The Codd. very freq. vary between the words, and in many passages the reading is still doubtful. Undue weight has been given by some critics to opposition to nunc and connection with cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and tunc are freq. opposed to nunc, and connected with cum.

Referring an event to a time before mentioned.

To definite past time.

To a period of time, = illis temporibus (only post-Aug.):

tunc melius tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exigua ligneus aede deus,

Tib. 1, 10, 19:

nulli tunc subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 5:

sed tunc clarissimus quisque juvenum pro amplificanda patria plurimum periculi sustinebat,

id. 3, 2, 6:

nunc quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant qua tunc consul non erubuit,

id. 4, 3, 7:

quo pacto inter amicos viguisse tunc justitiam credimus, cum inter accusatores quoque, etc.,

id. 6, 5, 6:

si vere aestimare Macedonas qui tunc erant volumus, fatebimur, etc.,

Curt. 4, 16, 33:

sed civitati nullae tunc leges erant,

Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5.—

Referring to a point of time spoken of: cives Romani [p. 1914] tunc facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine tunc lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): tunc ipsos adoriant, ne quis Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.):

(Sulla) statim ex iis rebus quas tunc vendebat jussit ei praemium tribui, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25:

neque ego tunc princeps ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc.,

id. Sull. 3, 9:

his tunc cognitis rebus amici regis his... liberaliter responderunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

tunc duces Nerviorum... colloqui sese velle dicunt,

at this time, id. B. G. 5, 41:

quod se facturos minabantur, aegreque tunc sunt retenti quin oppidum irrumperent,

id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.:

Romanus tunc exercitus in agro Larinati erat,

Liv. 22, 24, 1:

itaque cum in ipsum, et innocentia tutum et magistratu in quo tunc erat, impetus fieri non posset, etc.,

id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10;

44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas,

Ov. M. 2, 679:

tunc ego nec cithara poteram gaudere sonora, nec, etc.,

Tib. 3, 4, 69:

tunc urbis custodiis praepositus C. Maecenas,

Vell. 2, 88, 2:

forte evenit ut tunc summae dignitatis ibi femina veneno consumere se destinarit,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8:

qui tunc Libitinam exercebant,

id. 5, 2, 10:

Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos tunc Romanis, confugit,

id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.;

8, 1 damn. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum sacrum anniversarium more patrio tunc venerant,

Curt. 4, 2, 10:

et tunc aestas erat, cujus calor, etc.,

id. 3, 5, 1:

perierat imperium, quod tunc in extremo stabat, si Fabius, etc.,

Sen. Troad. 1, 11, 5:

tunc,distractis Orientis viribus, casus Mithridati datus est occupandi Armeniam,

Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

quidam ex eis qui tunc egerant, decesserunt,

Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3:

ardente tunc in Africa bello,

Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21:

Asiam tunc tenebat imperio rex Darius,

Gell. 17, 9, 20:

hostes tunc populi Romani fuerant Fidenates,

id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24.—Repeated by anaphora:

tunc victus abiere feri, tunc consita pomus, tunc bibit inriguas fertilis hortus aquas, Aurea tunc pressos, etc.,

Tib. 2, 1, 43:

tunc Parmenio et Philotas, tunc Amyntas consobrinus, tunc noverca fratresque interfecti, tunc Attalus, Eurylochus... occurrebant,

Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2.—Attributively:

regem tunc Lacedaemoniorum,

Just. 6, 2, 4.—

Referring to a state no longer in existence:

silvae tunc circa viam erant, plerisque incultis,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

urbs (Corinthus) erat tunc praeclara ante excidium,

id. 45, 28, 2:

hic (Curio) primo pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut tunc habebatur, pro republica, mox... pro Caesare stetit,

Vell. 2, 48, 3:

certissimum tunc proscriptorum perfugium penetravit,

Val. Max. 7, 3, 9:

docuit in atrio Catulinae domus, quae pars Palatii tunc erat,

Suet. Gram. 17: tunc (i. e. olim) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat autem tunc mos ut cum princeps causam cognosceret... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8.—

Expressly opposed to present time: tunc igitur pelles, nunc aurum et purpura exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423;

ea lege quae tunc erat Sempronia, nunc est Cornelia,

Cic. Clu. 56, 154:

cum vero causam justam deus ipse dederit, ut tunc Socrati, nunc Catoni, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

cur privati non damus remiges, sicut tunc dedimus?

Liv. 34, 6, 18:

munitiones et locis opportunioribus tunc fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. quam nunc),

id. 36, 17, 4:

parva nunc res videri potest quae tunc patres ac plebem accendit,

id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5:

Macedones milites ea tunc erant fama qua nunc Romani feruntur,

Nep. Eum. 3, 4: nunc solvo poenas;

tunc tibi inferias dedi,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

nunc haberent socios quos tunc hostes habuerant,

Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9:

hoc tunc Veii fuere, nunc fuisse quis meminit?

Flor. 1, 12, 11.—And tunc and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui ager nunc multo pluris est quam tunc fuit. Tum enim, etc., nunc, etc.;

tum erat ager incultus, nunc est cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos etiamsi tunc faciendum non fuerit, nunc utique faciendum putatis;

ego contra, etiamsi tum migrandum fuisset, nunc has ruipas relinquendas non censerem,

Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in such connections tum generally refers to a previous tunc, rarely vice versa).—

Opposed to a previous or a later time:

quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis tunc invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. etsi non postea),

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95:

raro alias tribuni popularis oratio acceptior plebi quam tunc severissimi consulis fuit,

Liv. 3, 69, 1:

(Syphax) tunc accessio Punici belli fuerat, sicut Gentius Macedonici,

id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10:

non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam ausum fortius quam tunc a Caesare,

Vell. 2, 80, 3:

et tunc Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et deinceps, etc.,

Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2:

praetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga,

Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18:

Cilicum nationes saepe et alias commotae, tunc Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere,

Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58:

ob res et tunc in Africa, et olim in Germania gestas,

Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4:

idem tunc Faesulae quod Carrhae nuper,

Flor. 1, 5, 8.—

In general statements, applied to the actual state of affairs:

mos est regibus quotiens in societatem coeant, pollices inter se vincire, etc. Sed tunc, qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse simulans, genua Mithridatis invadit,

Tac. A. 12, 47:

legebatur ergo ibi tunc in carmine Latino, etc.,

Gell. 2, 22, 2.— Pregn., as matters then stood:

aptissimum tempus fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: tunc haec ipsa indignitas angebat animos,

Liv. 4, 51, 6.—

Of coincidence in time: tunc = cum hoc fieret, on that occasion:

quodsi tu tunc, Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

tunc Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, nunc a vobis ipsis accusati sumus,

Liv. 39, 36, 7:

jam Horatius secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc... clamore adjuvant militem suum,

while he was doing so, id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17:

sed neque... nubes Tunc habuit, nec... imbres,

Ov. M. 2, 310:

quid mihi tunc animi fuit?

id. ib. 7, 582:

quid mihi tunc animi credis, germane, fuisse?

id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31:

quid tunc homines timuerint, quae senatus trepidatio... neque mihi exprimere vacat, neque, etc.,

Vell. 2, 124, 1:

non Catoni tunc praetura, sed praeturae Cato negatus est,

Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1;

9, 3, 1: tunc ego dicere debui,

Sen. Ep. 63, 15:

non possum dicere aliud tunc mihi quam deos adfuisse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5:

tunc domus priscorum ducum arserunt,

Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 (7), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11.—Tunc and tum co-ordinate: sanguine tunc (Phaethontis) credunt... Tum facta'st Libya... arida;

tum, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: tunc... sorores Debuerant, etc.;

Tum potui Medea mori bene,

id. H. 12, 3 sqq.—And referring to a supposed action at a definite time:

nobis tunc repente trepidandum in acie instruenda erat,

if we had accepted the battle then, Liv. 44, 38, 11.—

Redundant (post-class.):

id quale fuerit, neque ipse tunc prodidit, neque cuiquam facile succurrat,

Suet. Tit. 10; cf.: in ejusmodi temporibus tunc eae ambulationes aperiuntur, Vitr 5, 9, 9.—

= nunc, in oblique discourse (rare):

quod si consulatus tanta dulcedo sit, jam tunc ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum a tribunicia potestate esse,

Liv. 2, 54, 5:

ut cum multis saeculis murus urbi civium virtus fuerit, tunc cives salvos se fore non existimaverint nisi intra muros laterent,

Just. 14, 5, 7.—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc.; at such a season:

tunc (i. e. autumno) praecidi arbores oportere secundum terram,

Varr. R. R. 1, 27:

ab eo in fastis dies hordicalia nominantur, quod tunc hordae boves immolantur,

id. ib. 2, 5:

omnes (nubes sol) enim sub se tunc (= medio die),

Sen. Q. N. 1, 8, 7:

tunc enim maximae et integrae adhuc nives (= aestate prima),

id. ib. 4, 2, 21:

et tunc potest ventis concitari mare,

id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 4, 5, 2.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause:

tunc ignes tenuissimi iter exile designant et caelo producunt, of shooting stars,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 6: nemo observat lunam nisi laborantem. Tunc urbes conclamant, tunc pro se quisque superstitione vana trepidat, id. ib. 7, 1, 2:

adjuvari se tunc (i. e. cum faces vident) periclitantes existimant Pollucis et Castoris numine,

id. ib. 1, 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 3; 2, 55, 2; 5, 3, 1; 6, 12, 2; id. Ep. 42, 4; id. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: si ancilla ex cive Romand conceperit, deinde civis Romana facta sit, et tunc pariat, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 88; 1, 90; Dig. 1, 6, 8; 40, 12, 22, § 3.—

With the force of a conditional clause, in this instance: Tr. Erus peregre venit. Si. Tunc tibi actutum chorda tenditur, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55 Lorenz (al. tum):

dominae mentem convertite... Tunc ego crediderim vobis, et sidera et amnes Posse, etc.,

Prop. 1, 1, 23:

itaque tunc dividere optimum erit (= si plura sunt quae nocent),

Quint. 4, 2, 101; so id. 6, 1, 22:

cuperem tecum communicare tam subitam mutationem mei: tunc amicitiae nostrae certiorem fiduciam habere coepissem,

Sen. Ep. 6, 2: nemo est ex inprudentibus qui reliqui sibi debeat. Tunc mala consilia agitant, tunc aut aliis aut ipsis pericula struunt;

tunc cupiditates improbas ordinant, tunc... tunc... denique, etc.,

id. ib. 10, 2;

7, 2: tunc enim (i. e. si cottidie reputes) subit recordatio: Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

propter liberos retentio fit (dotis) si culpa mulieris divortium factum sit, tunc enim sextae retinentur ex dote,

Ulp. Fragm. 6, 10: veluti si a femina manumissa sit: tunc enim e lege Atilia petere debet tutorem, Gai Inst. 1, 195; 1, 76; 1, 40; 3, 181; Fragm. Vat. 52; Dig. 2, 4, 8; 5, 3, 13, § 12; 7, 3, 1; 19, 1, 11, § 15; 11, 1, 20; Just. Inst. 1, 12, § 6; in the jurists, saep.—

Referring to future time.

In gen.: tunc illud vexillum... coloniae Capuae inferetur;

tunc contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 86:

tunc, ut quaeque causa crit statuetis, nunc libertatem repeti satis est,

Liv. 3, 53, 10:

senatus consultum adjectum est ut... praetor qui tunc esset... apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur... jusjurandum daret, etc.,

id. 41, 9, 11:

nec taedebit avum parvo advigilare nepoti... Tunc operata deo pubes discumbet in herba, etc.,

Tib. 2, 5, 95:

tunc interea tempus exercitus ex hoc loco educendi habebis,

Gell. 3, 7, 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause:

tunc me biremis Tutum... Aura feret geminusque Pollux (i. e. si mugiat malus procellis),

Hor. C. 3, 29, 62:

vectabor umeris tunc ego inimicis eques (i. e. si hoc feceris),

id. Epod. 17, 74:

tunc tua me infortunia laedent (i. e. si dolebis tibi),

id. A. P. 103:

tunc ego jurabo quaevis tibi numina... Tunc ego... Efficiam, etc.,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 319:

tunc piger ad nandum, tunc ego cautus ero,

id. ib. 17 (18), 210.—

Representing sequence or succession in events, = deinde.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (rare till after the Aug. per.;

in Cic. perh. only in the foll. passages): Herodotus cum Roma reverteretur, offendit eum mensem qui sequitur mensem comitialem. Tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XLV dies longum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130:

veni in eum sermonem ut docerem, etc. Tunc mihi ille dixit quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:

dixi ei, me ita facturum esse ut, etc. Tunc ille a me petivit, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 6, 2 is finis pugnae equestris fuit. Tunc adorti peditum aciem, nuntios ad consules rei gestae mittunt, Liv. 3, 70, 8:

tandem curia excesserunt. Tunc sententiae interrogari coeptae,

id. 45, 25, 1:

equites, relictis equis, provolant ante signa... Tunc inter priores duorum populorum res geritur,

id. 7, 8, 1:

iterum deinde interpellatus, in proposito persistit. Tunc Poppedius, abjecturum inde se... minatus est,

Val. Max. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 5, 4, 1; 7, 3, 2; 7, 3, 6: tunc intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adulescentis figit, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 2; so id. Ot. Sap. 1, 1; id. Q. N. 1, 12, 1:

Dareum XXX inde stadia abesse praemissi indicabant. Tunc consistere agmen jubet,

Curt. 3, 8, 24:

contionem discedere in manipulos jubet. Tunc a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias,

Tac. A. 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 1, 67; 12, 31; 12, 33; 12, 69; id. H. 4, 72; Vitr. 1, 4, 12; 1, 6, 7; 2, 1, 2; 2, 1, 4; 5, 12, 5; 7, praef. 5; 7, 1, 3; 7, 2, 2; 8, 1, 1; Suet. Ner. 49; id. Vit. 15 fin.; id. Dom. 16; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 22, 6; 6 (7), 17, 6; 13, 31 (30), 6; 14, 2, 9; [p. 1915] Flor. 2, 13 (4, 2), 71; Just. 11, 4, 1; 11, 10, 2; 12, 7, 7; 13, 3, 4; 18, 4, 10 et saep.; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 26.—

Before an abl. absol. (postclass.):

statuunt tempus quo foedissimum quemque invadant. Tunc, signo inter se dato, inrumpunt contubernia,

Tac. A. 1, 48:

tunc, Campaniae ora proximisque insulis circuitis, Caprearum secessui quadriduum impendit,

Suet. Aug. 98:

tunc, exercitu in Aetoliam promoto, pecunias civitatibus imperat,

Just. 14, 1, 6; 21, 5, 2; 22, 2, 7; 25, 2, 6.—

Implying a consequence, then, under these circumstances, hence, accordingly:

caedere januam saxis, instare ferro, ligna circumdare ignemque circumicere coeperunt. Tunc cives Romani, qui Lampsaci negotiabantur, concurrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: huc tota Vari conversa acies suos fugere videbat. Tunc Rebilus; Perterritum, inquit, hostem vides;

quid dubitas, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 34:

animadversum est, extra consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressum. Tunc Caesar apud suos Differendum est iter, inquit, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 85:

omnium spe celerius Saguntum oppugnari adlatum est. Tunc relata de integro res ad senatum,

Liv. 21, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 30, 10:

Tisiphoneque Saevit et huc illuc impia turba fugit. Tunc niger in porta serpentum Cerberus ore Stridet,

Tib. 1, 3, 71:

apud patres disseruit, nec posse Orientem nisi Germanici sapientia conponi, etc. Tunc decreto patrum permissae Germanico provinciae,

Tac. A. 2, 43; id. H. 4, 83; Vitr. 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 16; Just. 39, 3, 11.—Emphatically, = tum vero:

donec ipse quoque longinquo morbo est implicitus. Tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritus illi feroces ut, etc.,

Liv. 1, 31, 6.—And = tum primum:

multitudo tandem perrumpit ordines hostium. Tunc vinci pertinacia coepta, et averti manipuli quidam,

Liv. 9, 39, 10. —

In enumerations with tum... deinde... postea, etc.

In gen. (postclass.): ante omnia instituit ut e libertorum bonis dextans... cogeretur; deinde ut ingratorum, etc.;

tunc ut lege majestatis facta omnia... tenerentur,

Suet. Ner. 32 med.; so,

tunc... deinde... tunc, etc.,

Vitr. 1, 6, 12 and 13:

tunc... tunc... deinde... tunc,

id. 3, 5, 5 and 6; cf. id. 5, 12, 4; cf. Suet. Oth. 6; Flor. 4, 2, 88.—With tum: terras primum situmque earum quaerit; deinde condicionem maris;

tunc quidquid inter caelum terrasque interjacet perspicit... tum, peragratis humilioribus, ad summa prorumpit,

Sen. Cons. Helv. 17 fin.; so Gai Inst. 3, 6, 3.—

Of successive speakers in dialogue (rare):

tu vero abi, inquit, etc. Tunc Mucius Quandoquidem, inquit, est apud te virtuti honos, etc.,

Liv. 2, 12, 15:

apud quem Valerius in hunc modum egit, etc. Tunc Collatinus Quaero inquit, etc.,

Val. Max. 2, 8, 2.—With tum:

tunc poeta... inquit, etc. Tum Fronto ita respondit, etc.,

Gell. 19, 8, 10 and 11; 12, 13, 19; Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4.—

In co-ordination (very rare).

= praeterea, and then:

(Romulus) hoc consilio fultus... locupletari civis non destitit. Tunc, id quod retinemus hodie magna cum salute rei publicae, auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 15 sq.:

praeter has, frugalitas et continentia... splendorem illi suum adfunderent. Tunc providentia cum elegantia quantum decoris illi adderent!

Sen. Ep. 115, 3.—

In the connection cum... tunc (v. tum, I. C. 3.):

vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tunc est Idcirco, etc.,

Juv. 9, 118 ( poet. for tum, on account of the foll. vowel).—

Vid. tunc etiam, III. B. 7. b.

As correlative of dependent clauses.

Of temporal clauses with cum.

Referring to definite past time.

Tunc as antecedent of the clause:

set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis quom hinc abit?

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108:

etiamne in ara tunc sedebant mulieres Quom ad me profectu's ire?

id. Rud. 3, 6, 8:

quo damnato tunc, cum judicia fiebant, HS. IV milibus lis aestimata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 22:

etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiscebatur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 43, §

111: atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat: vos tunc paruistis cum paruit nemo nisi qui voluit,

id. Lig. 7, 20: se ita pugnaturos ut Romae pugnaverint in repetenda patria, ut postero die ad Gabios, tunc cum effecerint ne quis hostium, etc., Liv. 6, 28, 9:

et quod tunc fecimus cum hostem Hannibalem in Italia haberemus, id nunc, pulso Hannibale, cunctamur facere?

id. 31, 7, 5:

infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas,

Verg. A. 4, 597 (Rib. tum; v. Prisc. p. 8, 841 P.):

prudenter sensit tunc incrementum Romano imperio petendum fuisse cum intra septimum lapidem triumphi quaerebantur,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 10:

quorum nihil tunc cum diceretur parum aptum fuit,

Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf. Val. Max. 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 8, ext. 1.—

Introducing the apodosis.

Of coincident actions:

cum jam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubie esset... tunc injecta trepidatio,

Liv. 44, 28, 10.—

= deinde:

adversus singula quaeque cum respondere haud facile esset, et quereretur... purgaretque se invicem, tunc Papirius, redintegrata ira, virgas et secures expediri jussit,

Liv. 8, 32, 10:

divus Caesar cum exercitum habuisset circa Alpes, imperavissetque, etc., tunc qui in eo castello fuerunt... noluerunt imperio parere,

Vitr. 2, 9, 15:

cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX milibus hostium summum cacumen teneri, tunc hortatur socios, recedant,

Just. 2, 11, 5.—

Of definite present time, tunc is not found; v. tum.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent:

arbitror, quo nos etiam tunc utimur cum ea dicimus jurati quae comperta habemus,

Cic. Font. 13, 29 (9, 19):

tunc obsequatur naturae cum senserit, etc.,

id. Fragm. Hort. Phil. 75 B. and K.; id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16; id. Verr. 1, 18, 55; 2, 5, 12, § 29: qui tunc vocat me, cum malum librum legi, only... when, never... unless (= tote dê), Cat. 44, 21 Ellis (Mull. tum):

deum tunc adfuisse cum id evenisset, veteres oratores aiebant,

Quint. 10, 7, 14:

tunc est commovendum theatrum cum ventum est ad illud Plodite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 4, 2, 8; 12, 11, 7; Vitr. 2, 9, 3:

voluptas tunc, cum maxime delectat, exstinguitur,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 4; cf. id. Q. N. 1, prol. 3; 5, 3, 3; 6, 3, 1; id. Ep. 10, 5; 85, 38:

in tantam quantitatem tenetur quae tunc in peculio fuit cum sententiam dicebat,

Dig. 5, 1, 15: tunc cum certum esse coeperit neminem ex eo testamento fore heredem, Gai Inst. 3, 13; 4, 71; Dig. 28, 3, 6, § 6; 40, 12, 16, § 2; 40, 7, 34.—

Introducing the apodosis:

cum autem fundamenta ita distantia inter se fuerint constituta, tunc inter ea alia transversa... collocentur,

Vitr. 1, 5, 7; 2, 1, 6; 2, 3, 2; 2, 5, 2;

3, 5, 13: cum folia pauca in acumine germinent, tunc maxime serendas ficus,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 245; Just. 41, 2, 9.—

Referring to future time:

ex ceteris autem generibus tunc pecunia expedietur cum legionibus victricibus erunt quae spopondimus persolvenda, Cic. Fragm. Ep. Caes. jun. 1, 8: tunc inter eas fore finem belli dixit cum alterutra urbs in habitum pulveris esset redacta,

Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3:

poterant videri tunc incohanda cum omnia quae... peregissem,

Quint. 6, 4, 1; Col. praef. 33; v. infra, III. A. 2. b.—

With temporal clauses introduced by ubi (rare).

Of definite past time:

ad quod bellum ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare tunc enixe tribuni,

Liv. 4, 55, 2:

haec ubi convenerunt, tunc vero Philomelus consuetudinem nocte egrediendi frequentiorem facere,

id. 25, 8, 9.—

Of indefinite time.

As antecedent:

tunc autem est consummata infelicitas, ubi turpia non solum delectant, sed etiam placent,

Sen. Ep. 39, 6; id. Ben. 2, 3, 3; 2, 17, 3; id. Ep. 89, 19.—

In apodosis:

stillicidia ubi plura coiere et turba vires dedit, tunc fluere et ire dicuntur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; 6, 17, 2; 6, 18, 2.—

With temporal clauses introduced by postquam (posteaquam); rare.

Of definite past time:

posteaquam ingenuae virgines et ephebi venerunt ad deprecandum, tunc est pollicitus his legibus ut, etc.,

Vitr. 10, 16, 7 (but in Sall. C. 51, 40 Dietsch reads tum).—

Of indefinite time: si vero posteaquam eam destinasses, tunc perierit, etc., Dig 17, 2, 58, § 1.—

With temporal clauses introduced by ut (very rare):

ut vero... casus suorum miseris eluxit, tunc toto littore plangentium gemitus, tunc infelicium matrum ululatus... audiebantur,

Just. 19, 2, 11.—

With temporal clauses introduced by quando (rare).

As antecedent:

tunc quando abiero,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 7, 19 (4, 8, 8): tunc inserentur (cerasi) quando his vel non est, vel desinit gummi effluere, Pall. Oct. 12.—

In apodosis:

quando quodque eorum siderum cursum decorum est adeptum... tunc ex alterius naturae motione transversa... vinci a tardioribus videbantur,

Cic. Univ. 9.—

With temporal clauses introduced by dum (very rare):

tunc tamen utrumque tolerabile est, dum illi vis sua est,

Sen. Ep. 83, 21.—

With conditional clauses.

In gen.

As antecedent:

consilium istud tunc esset prudens si rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

sin autem ventus interpellaverit et... tunc habeat canalem longum pedes quinque, etc.,

Vitr. 8, 5, 2:

tunc fidem fallam, tunc inconstantiae crimen audiam si, cum omnia eadem sint quae erant promittente me, non praestitero promissum,

Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2.—

In apodosis:

si se simul cum gloria rei gestae exstinxisset, tunc victorem, quidquid licuerit in magistro equitum, in militibus ausurum,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

quem si inclusit mare, tum ille exitu simul redituque praecluso, volutatur,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 15:

quod si non illum, sed me peccasse putabis, tunc ego te credam cordis habere nihil,

Mart. 2, 8, 6: si nullus sit suorum heredum, tunc hereditas pertinet ad adgnatos, Gai Inst. 3, 9:

si vero dissentiunt, tunc praetoris partes necessariae sunt,

Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 19; Sen. Q. N. 6, 9, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 205; Dig. 1, 3, 22.—

With a supposition contrary to fact:

audivi te cum alios consolareris: tunc conspexissem, si te ipse consolatus esses,

Sen. Prov. 4, 5.—

After abl. absol. (rare):

legatis auditis, tunc de bello referre sese Aemilius dixit,

Liv. 44, 21, 1:

his ita praeparatis, tunc in rotae modiolo tympanum includatur,

Vitr. 10, 9 (14), 2.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tunc (rare):

nisi jam tunc omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: bellum jam tunc ab illis geri coeptum cum sibi Phrygiam ademerint, Trog. Pomp. ap. Just. 38, 53:

At. C. Marius L. Sullam jam tunc, ut praecaventibus fatis, copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit,

Vell. 2, 12, 1:

Archilochum Nepos Cornelius tradit, Tullo Hostilio Romae regnante, jam tunc fuisse poematis clarum et nobilem,

Gell. 17, 21, 8:

palam jam tunc multae civitates libertatem bello vindicandam fremebant,

Just. 13, 5, 5. —

With demum and denique, not until then, then only, then at last.

Tunc demum.

Absol.:

tunc demum nuntius missus ad tertiam legionem revocandam,

Liv. 41, 3, 5:

tunc demum pectora plangi Contigit,

Ov. H. 11, 91:

tunc demum intrat tabernaculum,

Curt. 4, 13, 20:

tunc demum alia mala (exstiterunt),

Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 6:

(aquilae) primo deponunt, expertaeque pondus, tunc demum abeunt,

Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 14:

tunc demum... invidiam quae sibi fieret deprecati sunt,

Suet. Calig. 9:

tunc demum ad otium concessit,

id. Claud. 5.—

With cum clause:

postero die cum circumsessi aqua arceremur, nec ulla... erumpendi spes esset, tunc demum pacti sumus, etc.,

Liv. 21, 59, 6:

et serius cum redisset, tum demum, recepto sospite filio, victoriae tantae gaudium consul sensit,

id. 44, 44, 3:

cum ab his oritur, tunc demum ei ratio constat,

Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.: quos ordine suo tunc demum persequar cum praefaturus fuero, Col. praef. 33; Sen. Ep. 84, 6; id. Q. N. 7, 13, 1.—

Tunc denique (very rare): hi dicebantur in eo tempore mathêmatikoi. Exinde ad perspicienda principia naturae procedebant ac tunc denique nominabantur phusikoi, Gell. 1, 9, 7.—

Tunc primum:

quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est,

Sall. J. 5, 2:

tunc primum circo qui nunc maximus dicitur, designatus locus est,

Liv. 1, 35, 8:

eum dolorem ulta est (plebs) tunc primum plebeis quaestoribus creatis,

id. 4, 54, 2:

tunc primum equo merere equites coeperunt,

id. 5, 7, 13:

lectisternio tunc primum in urbe Romana facto,

id. 5, 13, 6; Tac. A. 11, 38; Suet. Ner. 17; Just. 8, 5, 1; 11, 10, 2; Jul. Capitol. Anton. Phil. 5; 7.—

With deinde (cf.: tum deinde).

Deinde tunc:

roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; 74, 23; 117, 1.—

Tunc deinde: primum militiae vinculum est religio et signorum amor, et deserendi nefas; tunc deinde facile cetera [p. 1916] exiguntur, Sen. Ep. 95, 35; 11, 4; Val. Fl. 8, 109; Cels. 4, 15.—So, tunc postea, Vitr. 1, 6, 7.—

Tunc tandem:

simul enim cessit possessione Dii, excitavit hostem, ut tunc tandem sciret recuperanda esse quae prius amissa forent,

Liv. 44, 8, 4.—

With emphatic particles.

Tunc vero (or enimvero):

in turbatos jam hostes equos inmittunt. Tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur,

Liv. 40, 40, 10:

cunctantem tamen ingens vis morbi adorta est. Tunc enim vero deorum ira admonuit,

id. 2, 36, 6:

tunc vero impotentis fortunae species conspici potuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 23: Tiberioque suspensa semper verba;

tunc vero nitenti, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 11.—

Tunc quidem: et tunc quidem Perseus copias reduxit;

postero die, etc.,

Liv. 42, 57, 9:

tunc quidem sacrificio rite perpetrato, reliquum noctis rediit, etc.,

Curt. 4, 13, 16; cf. id. 3, 12, 21.—

Ne tunc quidem:

quia ne tunc quidem obsistebatur,

Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9:

ac ne tum quidem senatu aut populo appellato,

Suet. Ner. 41; cf. Just. 27, 3, 6.—

Tunc maxime (or tunc cum maxime).

Chiefly at that time, especially then:

Theophrastus est auctor, in Ponto quosdam amnes crescere tempore aestivo... aut quia tunc maxime in umorem mutabilis terra est, aut quia, etc.,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 2.—

Just then:

hospitem tunc cum maxime utilia suadentem abstrahi jussit ad capitale supplicium,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

non incidunt causae quae iram lacessant? sed tunc maxime illi oppugnandae manus sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 14, 2: sapiens tunc maxime paupertatem meditatur cum in mediis divitiis constitit,

id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1.—

Tunc interea, Gell. 3, 7, 7; v. supra, I. A. 4. a.—

Etiam tunc.

Even then:

experiri etiam tunc volens an ullae sibi reliquae vires essent, etc.,

Gell. 15, 16, 3.—

Still:

quam defunctam praetextatus etiam tunc pro rostris laudavit,

Suet. Calig. 10.— And with cum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 8; v. supra, II. A. 1. a.—

Tunc etiam.

Etiam as connective, tum = eo tempore:

in civitate plena religionum, tunc etiam ob recentem cladem superstitiosis principibus, ut renovarentur auspicia, res ad interregnum redit,

Liv. 6, 5, 6.—

Poet. for tum etiam, on account of the vowel:

ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo, Tunc etiam... Tethys solet ipsa vereri,

Ov. M. 2, 68.—

Tunc quoque.

Also then:

irae adversus Vejentes in insequentem annum dilatae sunt. Tunc quoque ne confestim bellum indiceretur religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30, 13; 44, 37, 12: saepe legit flores;

et tunc quoque forte legebat,

Ov. M. 4, 315:

quare et sereno tonat? quia tunc quoque per quassum et scissum aera spiritus prosilit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 18:

cum quidam histriones producti olim, tunc quoque producerentur,

Suet. Claud. 21:

tunc quoque in Hyrcaniam remittitur,

Just. 38, 9, 9.—

Even then:

tunc quoque cum antiqui illi viri inclite viverent, cura comere capillum fuit,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7:

faba vero non antequam trium foliorum. Tunc quoque levi sarculo purgare melius quam fodere,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241; Suet. Ner. 26; Flor. 1, 7, 12.—With tum demum:

tametsi ad audiendum pigre coitur. Plerique in stationibus sedent... ac sibi nuntiari jubent an jam recitator intraverit... an ex magna parte evolverit librum: tum demum ac tunc quoque lente cunctanterque veniunt,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2.—

= sic quoque, even as it was:

quin nisi firmata extrema agminis fuissent, ingens in eo saltu accipienda clades fuerit. Tunc quoque ad extremum periculi ventum est,

Liv. 21, 34, 8.—

Tunc temporis (postclass.;

v. tum, III. E.): ex gente obscura tunc temporis Persarum,

Just. 1, 4, 4:

parvae tunc temporis vires Atheniensibus erant,

id. 3, 6, 6:

ad abolendam invidiae famam qua insignis praeter ceteros tunc temporis habebatur,

id. 8, 3, 7:

erat namque tunc temporis urbs Appulis Brundisium,

id. 12, 2, 7.

ūber, ĕris, n. [Gr. outhar; Sanscr. ūdhar; cf. O. H. Germ. uter; Engl. udder; cf. the letter B], a teat, pap, dug, udder, a breast that gives suck (mostly poet. and in post Aug. prose).

Sing., Lucr. 1, 887: lactantes ubere toto, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 103 P. (Ann. v. 71 Vahl.):

(vitula) binos alit ubere fetus,

Verg. E. 3, 30:

ut vix sustineant distentum cruribus uber,

Ov. M. 13, 826:

vituio ab ubere rapto,

id. F. 4, 459:

cum a nutricis ubere auferretur,

Suet. Tib. 6.—

Plur. (so most freq.):

saepe etiam nunc (puer) Ubera mammarum in somnis lactantia quaeret,

Lucr. 5, 885:

lactea,

Verg. G. 2, 524:

capreoli Bina die siccant ovis ubera,

id. E. 2, 42; cf.:

ad sua quisque fere decurrunt ubera lactis (agni),

Lucr. 2, 370:

lactis,

Tib. 1, 3, 46:

mammarum,

Gell. 12, 1, 7:

candens lacteus umor Uberibus manat distentis,

Lucr. 1, 259:

distenta,

Hor. Epod. 2, 46:

equina,

id. ib. 8, 8:

tenta,

id. ib. 16, 50: natos uberibus gravidis vitali rore rigabat, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 20; cf.:

(Romulus) cum esset silvestris beluae sustentatus uberibus,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

uberaque ebiberant avidi lactantia nati,

Ov. M. 6, 342:

sua quemque mater uberibus alit,

Tac. G. 20.—

Transf.

Of the earth, the fruitful breast, etc.:

alma tellus annuā vice mortalibus distenta musto demittit ubera,

Col. 3, 21, 3: ubera campi, id. poët. 10, 90. —

A cluster or mass in the shape of an udder, of bees hanging from trees when swarming, Pall. Jun. 7, 6 and 9.—

Richness, fruitfulness, fertility:

quique frequens herbis et fertilis ubere campus,

Verg. G. 2, 185:

divitis agri,

id. A. 7, 262:

glebae,

id. ib. 1, 531:

in denso non segnior ubere Bacchus,

id. G. 2, 275; cf.:

pecorique et vitibus almis Aptius uber erit,

id. ib. 2, 234:

vitis,

Col. 4, 27, 5:

palmitis Etrusci,

Claud. B. G. 504.

ūber, ĕris (abl. uberi;

but ubere campo,

Col. 6, 27, 1), adj [1. uber; cf. ibid. II. C.], rich in something, full, fruitful, fertile, abundant, plentiful, copious, productive (class.; syn.: ferax, fertilis, fecundus).

Lit.:

seges spicis uberibus et crebris,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 91:

messis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 23:

fruges,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 5: itaque res uber fuit, antequam vastassent regiones, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 647 P.:

Umbria me genuit terris fertilis uberibus,

Prop. 1, 22, 10; cf.:

in uberi agro,

Liv. 29, 25, 12:

uber solum,

Tac. H. 5, 6:

(Neptunus) Piscatu novo me uberi compotivit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 6:

onus,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 64; cf. Col. 6, 27: bellum, productive in booty, Just. 38, 7, 9: gravis imber et uber. copious, Lucr. 6, 290:

guttae,

id. 1, 349:

aquae,

Ov. M. 3, 31:

aqua prolluens et uber,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, 3:

rivi,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 10.— Comp.: agro bene culte nihil potest esse nec usu uberius nec specie [p. 1923] ornatius, Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

neque enim robustior aetas Ulla nec uberior (aestate),

Ov. M. 15, 208:

subtemen,

fuller, stouter, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 20.— Sup.:

uberrimi laetissimique fructus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156.— With abl.:

arbor ibi niveis uberrima pomis,

Ov. M. 4, 89:

(Sulmo) gelidis uberrimus undis,

id. Tr. 4, 10, 3:

uberrimus quaestus,

the most profitable, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 22: equum nimis strigosum et male habitum, sed equitem ejus uberrimum et habitissimum viderunt, exceedingly stout, plump, or fat, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 4, 20, 11.— With gen.:

regio cum aeris ac plumbi uberrima, tum et minio,

Just. 44, 3, 4: frugum, Att. ap. Non. 498, 6.— Absol.:

teneant uberrima Teucer Et Libys,

the most fruitful regions, Val. Fl. 1, 510.—

Trop., full, rich, copious, esp. of style and language:

hoc Periclem praestitisse ceteris dicit oratoribus Socrates, quod is Anaxagorae physici fuerit auditor, a quo censet eum uberem et fecundum fuisse,

Cic. Or. 4, 15:

motus animi, qui ad explicandum ornandumque sint uberes,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 113:

theses ad excitationem dicendi mire speciosae atque uberes,

Quint. 2, 4, 24.— Comp.:

nullus feracior in eā (philosophiā) locus est nec uberior quam de officiis,

Cic. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Div. 1, 3, 6:

aut majore delectatione aut spe uberiore commoveri,

id. de Or. 1, 4, 13:

quis uberior in dicendo Platone?

id. Brut. 31, 121:

uberiores litterae,

id. Att. 13, 50, 1:

Catoni seni comparatus C. Gracchus plenior et uberior,

Tac. Or. 18:

haec Africanus Petreiusque pleniora etiam atque uberiora Romam ad suos perscribant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 53:

tuasque Ingenio laudes uberiore canunt,

Ov. Tr. 2, 74:

in juvenibus etiam uberiora paulo et paene periclitantia feruntur,

Quint. 11, 1, 32.— Sup.:

doctissimi homines ingeniis uberrimis adfluentes,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (dub.;

bracketed by B. and K.): uberrima supplicationibus triumphisque provincia,

full of, id. Pis. 40, 97:

uberrimae litterae,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

nec decet te ornatum uberrimis artibus,

id. Brut. 97, 332:

oratorum eā aetate uberrimus erat,

Tac. A. 3, 31 fin. —Hence, adv., used only in the comp. and sup.

Lit., more fruitfully, more fully, more copiously or plentifully:

uberius nulli provenit ista seges,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 12:

flere uberius,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

mores mali quasi herba irrigua succreverunt uberrime,

most luxuriantly, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 9.—

Trop., of style, etc., copiously, fully, Quint. 10, 3, 2:

haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

loqui (with planius),

id. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

dicere (with latius),

Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 11:

explicare (with latius),

Suet. Rhet. 1:

locus uberrime tractatus,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3.

vălĕo, ui, itum, 2, v. n. [kindr. with Sanscr. bala, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis], to be strong.

Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health.

In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo).

Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.):

puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet!

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat;

plus valebat,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.:

sanus homo, qui bene valet,

Cels. 1, 1 init.:

si magis valet,

id. 3, 18:

si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before),

id. 4, 7 init.:

prout nervi valent,

id. 8, 16.—Of plants:

vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq. —

To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc.

Of personal subjects, etc.

With ad and acc.:

alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107.—

With inf.:

manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret,

Suet. Galb. 21:

mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi,

Phaedr. 4, 1, 10:

valet ima summis Mutare deus,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.:

illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res,

Lucr. 6, 1057:

versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre),

Hor. A. P. 40:

nec valuere manus infixum educere telum,

Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin. —

Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.:

fimum potum ad dysentericos valet,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.—With contra:

cimices valent contra serpentium morsus,

Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—With eodem:

id quoque collyrium eodem valet,

Cels. 6, 6, 21.—With pro:

ruta per se pro antidoto valet,

Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.—With abl.:

dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu,

Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.— With inf.:

sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere,

Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177.—

Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5.—

Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty.

In gen.

Absol.:

equidem valeo recte et salvus sum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36:

perpetuon' valuisti?

id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18:

valen'? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

dicit vilicus servos non valuisse,

Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6:

boves ut recte valeant,

id. ib. 103:

optime valere et gravissime aegrotare,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69:

cura est, ut valeat,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4:

ego valeo recte et rem gero,

id. Pers. 2, 3, 34:

te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius,

Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1:

commode,

Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14:

minus valere... melius valere,

Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1:

nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8.—

With abl.:

si corpore valuisset,

Cic. Brut. 20, 77:

nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5:

pedibus,

Nep. Phoc. 4, 1:

stomacho,

Juv. 6, 100.—

With ab and abl.:

ab oculis,

Gell. 13, 30, 10:

a morbo,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecunia perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9.—

Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.;

and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.),

Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.:

mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1.—

Rarely impers. pass.:

quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur?

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8.—

Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave).

In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51:

bene vale, Alcumena,

id. Am. 1, 3, 1:

vale atque salve,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

ite intro cito: valete,

id. As. 3, 3, 155:

abeo: valete, judices justissimi,

id. Capt. prol. 67:

vos valete et plaudite,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64:

in hoc biduom vale,

id. ib. 1, 2, 110:

vive valeque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.—Before a vowel, scanned vale:

et longum, Formose vale, vale, inquit Iolla,

Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501.—

At the conclusion of letters:

Vale,

Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3:

cura ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.:

tu me diligis et valebis,

Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8.—

Also in bidding farewell to the dead:

salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale,

Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.;

v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale,

Cat. 101, 10:

terque, Vale, dixit,

Ov. F. 3, 563:

supremumque vale... dixit,

id. M. 10, 62.—

As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone:

valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46:

immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illa,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 18:

valeas, habeas illam quae placet,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 14:

si talis est deus, ut nulla hominum caritate teneatur, valeat,

good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9:

valete curae,

Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.—

With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ere, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu:

illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere,

Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2:

vix illud potui dicere triste vale,

Ov. H. 13, 14:

saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 57:

tibi valedicere non licet gratis,

Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime [p. 1954] retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.—So (late Lat.):

vale facere (or valefacere),

August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24.

Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc.

In gen.:

fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma,

will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1:

fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt,

id. Dom. 30, 79:

dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo,

id. Brut. 14, 57:

tribunus plebis tulit... ut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret,

id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat,

id. Leg. 2, 10, 23:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

verba si valent,

id. Caecin. 21, 61:

(ejus) valet opinio tarditatis,

is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125:

si conjuratio valuisset,

id. ib. 17, 7:

cujus ratio non valuit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 7:

jus tamen gentium valuit,

Liv. 2, 4, 7:

praetor... ratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc.,

id. 44, 31, 6:

et vestrae valuere preces,

Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241.—

Esp.

With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject.

With abl.:

non metuo mihi... Dum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidia meum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50:

reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2):

multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summa voluntate valuerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 38:

quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine,

id. Mur. 18, 38:

parum valent (Graeci) verbo,

i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

qui aut gratia aut misericordia valerent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 44:

dicendo,

Nep. Ages. 1, 2:

qui pedum cursu valet,

Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78:

Battiades... Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14:

plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt,

Quint. 1, 8, 8:

rogando,

Ov. M. 2, 183:

subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere,

Quint. 12, 11, 8.—

With in and abl.:

Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 36, 136:

quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere,

id. Caecin. 19, 55:

in his maxime valet similitudo,

Quint. 6, 3, 57:

mire in causis valet praesumptio,

id. 9, 2, 16:

(digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet,

id. 11, 3, 94.—

With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable.

With in and acc.:

hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63:

quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat,

id. Caecin. 31, 89:

num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate,

Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44:

etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae,

Quint. 2, 16, 10:

hoc etiam in praeteritum valet,

id. 9, 2, 20; cf.:

cum... idque in omnis partis valeret,

Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2.—

With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc.... quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5:

id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo,

Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. i, infra.—

With ad and acc. of thing:

tu non solum ad neglegendas leges... verum etiam ad evertendas valuisti,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res;

ad omnis certe non valebit,

id. Fat. 4, 8:

illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 29:

vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 21:

ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc.,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnites... amici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4:

eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates,

Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra.—

With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc.

With apud:

ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79:

non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer,

Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3:

apud te veritas valebit,

id. Quint. 1, 5:

sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibus... conscripta sunt?

id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

magnis meritis apud regem... valebat,

Nep. Con. 3, 1:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

apud magnam partem senatus et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratia,

Liv. 31, 48, 1:

apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus,

Quint. 6, 2, 28.—

With ad:

dicitur enim C. Flaminius... ad populum valuisse dicendo,

Cic. Brut. 14, 57:

clementiae fama... ad ferociores jam populos valuit,

Liv. 21, 6, 4:

metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent,

id. 38, 28, 6.—

With contra and acc.:

hoc nonne videtur contra te valere?

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

quae valeant contra falsam criminationem,

id. de Or. 2, 79, 321:

ne quid esset... quod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet,

Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra.—

With pro and abl.:

multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46:

epitheton valet pro nomine,

Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra.—

With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare):

nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula),

Gell. 5, 12, 10.—

With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic. or Caes.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliqua ratione valerent Religionibus... obsistere,

Lucr. 1, 108:

hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus,

id. 3, 257:

nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit,

Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi,

Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

cetera... adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium,

id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27:

nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus,

Tib. 4, 1, 55:

qui relicti erant... ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt,

Curt. 3, 4, 5:

neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit,

Suet. Caes. 79.—With things as subj.:

ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet,

Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. b, supra.—Esp.,

With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc.

Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu's, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.):

plus potest qui plus valet,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38:

neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.—So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.):

ignari quid gravitas... quid denique virtus valeret,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem;

eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent... collocabantur,

id. Brut. 37, 139:

cur minus Venena Medaeae valent?

Hor. Epod. 5. 62.—

With abl.:

quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf.

v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

qui plus opibus, armis, potentia valent, perfecisse mihi videntur... ut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quasi vero ego... in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem,

id. Dom. 6, 14:

Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse,

id. Brut. 14, 55:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valerent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

Caesar multum equitatu valebat,

id. B. C. 1, 61:

cum tantum equitatu valeamus,

id. ib. 3, 86:

equitatu plurimum valere,

id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2.—

With in and abl.:

nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146:

hic multum in Fabia (tribu) valet, ille Velina,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52. —

With ad and acc.:

multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere,

id. Div. 2, 46, 97:

valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet,

Quint. 5, 10, 56.—

With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence:

apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratia, valebo tibi,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13:

utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi,

id. ib. 5, 54:

potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46:

non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 11:

facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de sua vita lacrimas matris valere,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

apud quem ut multum gratia valeret, effecit,

Nep. Con. 2, 1.—

With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.—

With pro:

pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere,

Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.:

quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51.—

With inter:

plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4.—

With adv. of pur pose:

hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur,

Nep. Them. 4, 4:

non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae,

Quint. 1, 2, 16:

nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra. —

Idiomatic uses.

Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant;

quinarii, quod quinos,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Mull.:

dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret,

Liv. 38, 11, 8:

ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47:

si haec praedia valeant nunc decem,

Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4:

quasi minimo valeret hereditas,

ib. 19, 1, 13:

quanti omnibus valet (servus),

ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1.—

Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. dunasthai, to mean, signify, import:

quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino;

sed quae dicit, idem valent,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24:

quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur,

id. Top. 8, 34:

hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident,

id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat;

id valet gallinacei rostrum,

Suet. Vit. 18:

pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant,

Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.:

et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio,

id. 10, 1, 13:

duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent,

id. 1, 5, 4.—Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.).

Lit.

In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis;

valens adflictet me,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44:

virgatores,

id. As. 3, 2, 19:

robusti et valentes et audaces satellites,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

cum homo imbecillus a valentissima bestia laniatur,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

valentissimi lictores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

homines,

id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35:

hic membris et mole valens,

Verg. A. 5, 431:

membris valens,

Ov. M. 9, 108:

corpore esse vegeto et valenti,

Gell. 3, 1, 11:

nervi musculique,

Cels. 8, 20:

trunci,

Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est... Ex leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18:

tunicae,

stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus [p. 1955] opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35.—

In partic.

Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty:

valeo et venio ad minus valentem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24:

medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

puer, hora undecima cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est,

id. Clu. 9, 27; cf.

valens (opp. imbecillus),

id. Fam. 16, 5, 2:

(sensus) si sani sunt et valentes,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum,

Cels. 7, 26, 5:

sive aegra, sive valens,

Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.— Subst.:

qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15;

so opp. aeger,

id. de Or. 2, 44, 186.—

Of medicines, strong, powerful, active:

valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba,

Cels. 4, 15 fin.:

medicamenta,

id. 1, 3 med.:

silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora,

Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87.—

Trop., strong, powerful, mighty:

mallem tantas ei (Caesari) vires non dedisset (res publica) quam nunc tam valenti resisteret,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 4:

fuit quondam ita firma haec civitas et valens,

id. Har. Resp. 28, 60:

cum valentiore pugnare,

id. Fam. 5, 21, 2:

valens dialecticus,

id. Fat. 6, 12:

ut fieri nihil possit valentius,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

Philippus jam tum valens multa moliebatur,

Nep. Timoth. 3, 1:

opibus jam valentes,

id. Eum. 10, 3:

argumenta valentiora,

Quint. 5, 13, 12:

quid pars adversa habeat valentissimum,

id. 5, 13, 52:

nec fraus valentior quam consilium meum,

Cic. Univ. 11:

ad letum causae satis valentes,

Ov. M. 5, 174; so,

causae,

id. Tr. 1, 8, 29:

causa valentior,

id. P. 1, 10, 35:

deus morbo omni valentior,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 111:

oppida valentissima,

Nep. Ham. 2, 4.—Hence, adv.: vălenter, strongly, stoutly, powerfully, violently (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit.:

resistere,

Col. 1, 5, 9; 3, 2, 15:

nimis valenter ibi retenta materia,

Cels. 5, 26, 21:

praeceps spirare valentius Eurus (coepit),

Ov. M. 11, 481.—

Trop., of speech, forcibly, energetically:

non diu dicebat sed valenter,

Sen. Contr. 3, 22 med.:

si verba numeres, breviter et abscise: si sensum aestimes, copiose et valenter,

Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6.

vălĕo, ui, itum, 2, v. n. [kindr. with Sanscr. bala, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis], to be strong.

Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health.

In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo).

Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.):

puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet!

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat;

plus valebat,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.:

sanus homo, qui bene valet,

Cels. 1, 1 init.:

si magis valet,

id. 3, 18:

si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before),

id. 4, 7 init.:

prout nervi valent,

id. 8, 16.—Of plants:

vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq. —

To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc.

Of personal subjects, etc.

With ad and acc.:

alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107.—

With inf.:

manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret,

Suet. Galb. 21:

mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi,

Phaedr. 4, 1, 10:

valet ima summis Mutare deus,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.:

illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res,

Lucr. 6, 1057:

versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre),

Hor. A. P. 40:

nec valuere manus infixum educere telum,

Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin. —

Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.:

fimum potum ad dysentericos valet,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.—With contra:

cimices valent contra serpentium morsus,

Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—With eodem:

id quoque collyrium eodem valet,

Cels. 6, 6, 21.—With pro:

ruta per se pro antidoto valet,

Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.—With abl.:

dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu,

Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.— With inf.:

sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere,

Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177.—

Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5.—

Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty.

In gen.

Absol.:

equidem valeo recte et salvus sum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36:

perpetuon' valuisti?

id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18:

valen'? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

dicit vilicus servos non valuisse,

Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6:

boves ut recte valeant,

id. ib. 103:

optime valere et gravissime aegrotare,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69:

cura est, ut valeat,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4:

ego valeo recte et rem gero,

id. Pers. 2, 3, 34:

te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius,

Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1:

commode,

Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14:

minus valere... melius valere,

Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1:

nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8.—

With abl.:

si corpore valuisset,

Cic. Brut. 20, 77:

nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5:

pedibus,

Nep. Phoc. 4, 1:

stomacho,

Juv. 6, 100.—

With ab and abl.:

ab oculis,

Gell. 13, 30, 10:

a morbo,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecunia perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9.—

Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.;

and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.),

Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.:

mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1.—

Rarely impers. pass.:

quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur?

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8.—

Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave).

In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51:

bene vale, Alcumena,

id. Am. 1, 3, 1:

vale atque salve,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

ite intro cito: valete,

id. As. 3, 3, 155:

abeo: valete, judices justissimi,

id. Capt. prol. 67:

vos valete et plaudite,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64:

in hoc biduom vale,

id. ib. 1, 2, 110:

vive valeque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.—Before a vowel, scanned vale:

et longum, Formose vale, vale, inquit Iolla,

Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501.—

At the conclusion of letters:

Vale,

Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3:

cura ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.:

tu me diligis et valebis,

Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8.—

Also in bidding farewell to the dead:

salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale,

Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.;

v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale,

Cat. 101, 10:

terque, Vale, dixit,

Ov. F. 3, 563:

supremumque vale... dixit,

id. M. 10, 62.—

As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone:

valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46:

immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illa,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 18:

valeas, habeas illam quae placet,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 14:

si talis est deus, ut nulla hominum caritate teneatur, valeat,

good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9:

valete curae,

Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.—

With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ere, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu:

illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere,

Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2:

vix illud potui dicere triste vale,

Ov. H. 13, 14:

saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 57:

tibi valedicere non licet gratis,

Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime [p. 1954] retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.—So (late Lat.):

vale facere (or valefacere),

August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24.

Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc.

In gen.:

fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma,

will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1:

fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt,

id. Dom. 30, 79:

dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo,

id. Brut. 14, 57:

tribunus plebis tulit... ut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret,

id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat,

id. Leg. 2, 10, 23:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

verba si valent,

id. Caecin. 21, 61:

(ejus) valet opinio tarditatis,

is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125:

si conjuratio valuisset,

id. ib. 17, 7:

cujus ratio non valuit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 7:

jus tamen gentium valuit,

Liv. 2, 4, 7:

praetor... ratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc.,

id. 44, 31, 6:

et vestrae valuere preces,

Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241.—

Esp.

With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject.

With abl.:

non metuo mihi... Dum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidia meum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50:

reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2):

multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summa voluntate valuerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 38:

quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine,

id. Mur. 18, 38:

parum valent (Graeci) verbo,

i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

qui aut gratia aut misericordia valerent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 44:

dicendo,

Nep. Ages. 1, 2:

qui pedum cursu valet,

Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78:

Battiades... Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14:

plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt,

Quint. 1, 8, 8:

rogando,

Ov. M. 2, 183:

subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere,

Quint. 12, 11, 8.—

With in and abl.:

Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 36, 136:

quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere,

id. Caecin. 19, 55:

in his maxime valet similitudo,

Quint. 6, 3, 57:

mire in causis valet praesumptio,

id. 9, 2, 16:

(digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet,

id. 11, 3, 94.—

With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable.

With in and acc.:

hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63:

quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat,

id. Caecin. 31, 89:

num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate,

Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44:

etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae,

Quint. 2, 16, 10:

hoc etiam in praeteritum valet,

id. 9, 2, 20; cf.:

cum... idque in omnis partis valeret,

Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2.—

With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc.... quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5:

id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo,

Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. i, infra.—

With ad and acc. of thing:

tu non solum ad neglegendas leges... verum etiam ad evertendas valuisti,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res;

ad omnis certe non valebit,

id. Fat. 4, 8:

illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 29:

vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 21:

ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc.,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnites... amici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4:

eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates,

Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra.—

With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc.

With apud:

ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79:

non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer,

Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3:

apud te veritas valebit,

id. Quint. 1, 5:

sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibus... conscripta sunt?

id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

magnis meritis apud regem... valebat,

Nep. Con. 3, 1:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

apud magnam partem senatus et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratia,

Liv. 31, 48, 1:

apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus,

Quint. 6, 2, 28.—

With ad:

dicitur enim C. Flaminius... ad populum valuisse dicendo,

Cic. Brut. 14, 57:

clementiae fama... ad ferociores jam populos valuit,

Liv. 21, 6, 4:

metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent,

id. 38, 28, 6.—

With contra and acc.:

hoc nonne videtur contra te valere?

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

quae valeant contra falsam criminationem,

id. de Or. 2, 79, 321:

ne quid esset... quod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet,

Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra.—

With pro and abl.:

multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46:

epitheton valet pro nomine,

Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra.—

With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare):

nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula),

Gell. 5, 12, 10.—

With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic. or Caes.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliqua ratione valerent Religionibus... obsistere,

Lucr. 1, 108:

hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus,

id. 3, 257:

nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit,

Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi,

Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

cetera... adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium,

id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27:

nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus,

Tib. 4, 1, 55:

qui relicti erant... ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt,

Curt. 3, 4, 5:

neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit,

Suet. Caes. 79.—With things as subj.:

ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet,

Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. b, supra.—Esp.,

With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc.

Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu's, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.):

plus potest qui plus valet,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38:

neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.—So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.):

ignari quid gravitas... quid denique virtus valeret,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem;

eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent... collocabantur,

id. Brut. 37, 139:

cur minus Venena Medaeae valent?

Hor. Epod. 5. 62.—

With abl.:

quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf.

v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

qui plus opibus, armis, potentia valent, perfecisse mihi videntur... ut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quasi vero ego... in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem,

id. Dom. 6, 14:

Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse,

id. Brut. 14, 55:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valerent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

Caesar multum equitatu valebat,

id. B. C. 1, 61:

cum tantum equitatu valeamus,

id. ib. 3, 86:

equitatu plurimum valere,

id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2.—

With in and abl.:

nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146:

hic multum in Fabia (tribu) valet, ille Velina,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52. —

With ad and acc.:

multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere,

id. Div. 2, 46, 97:

valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet,

Quint. 5, 10, 56.—

With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence:

apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratia, valebo tibi,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13:

utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi,

id. ib. 5, 54:

potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46:

non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 11:

facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de sua vita lacrimas matris valere,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

apud quem ut multum gratia valeret, effecit,

Nep. Con. 2, 1.—

With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.—

With pro:

pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere,

Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.:

quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51.—

With inter:

plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4.—

With adv. of pur pose:

hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur,

Nep. Them. 4, 4:

non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae,

Quint. 1, 2, 16:

nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra. —

Idiomatic uses.

Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant;

quinarii, quod quinos,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Mull.:

dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret,

Liv. 38, 11, 8:

ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47:

si haec praedia valeant nunc decem,

Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4:

quasi minimo valeret hereditas,

ib. 19, 1, 13:

quanti omnibus valet (servus),

ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1.—

Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. dunasthai, to mean, signify, import:

quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino;

sed quae dicit, idem valent,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24:

quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur,

id. Top. 8, 34:

hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident,

id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat;

id valet gallinacei rostrum,

Suet. Vit. 18:

pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant,

Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.:

et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio,

id. 10, 1, 13:

duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent,

id. 1, 5, 4.—Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.).

Lit.

In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis;

valens adflictet me,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44:

virgatores,

id. As. 3, 2, 19:

robusti et valentes et audaces satellites,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

cum homo imbecillus a valentissima bestia laniatur,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

valentissimi lictores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

homines,

id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35:

hic membris et mole valens,

Verg. A. 5, 431:

membris valens,

Ov. M. 9, 108:

corpore esse vegeto et valenti,

Gell. 3, 1, 11:

nervi musculique,

Cels. 8, 20:

trunci,

Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est... Ex leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18:

tunicae,

stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus [p. 1955] opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35.—

In partic.

Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty:

valeo et venio ad minus valentem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24:

medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

puer, hora undecima cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est,

id. Clu. 9, 27; cf.

valens (opp. imbecillus),

id. Fam. 16, 5, 2:

(sensus) si sani sunt et valentes,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum,

Cels. 7, 26, 5:

sive aegra, sive valens,

Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.— Subst.:

qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15;

so opp. aeger,

id. de Or. 2, 44, 186.—

Of medicines, strong, powerful, active:

valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba,

Cels. 4, 15 fin.:

medicamenta,

id. 1, 3 med.:

silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora,

Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87.—