skilled

skilled, expert.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

consŭlo, lŭi, ltum, 3, v. n. and a. [from con and root sal-; cf. consul and consilium].

To consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, reflect upon, consult.

Neutr.

In gen.

Absol.: quid nunc? etiam consulis? do you still deliberate, i. e. hesitate? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 171; cf. id. Truc. 2, 4, 75 Speng.: ne quid in consulendo adversi eveniat, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

consulto opus est,

there is need of deliberation, Sall. C. 1, 6:

dum tempus consulendi est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19:

satis facere consulentibus,

Cic. Or. 42, 143:

ut omnium rerum vobis ad consulendum potestas esset,

Liv. 8, 13, 18:

ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent,

id. 21, 16, 2:

praesidium consulenti curiae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.—

With in and acc.:

consulere in longitudinem,

to take thought for the future, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 10:

in commune,

for the common good, id. And. 3, 3, 16; Liv. 32, 21, 1; Tac. A. 12, 5; id. Agr. 12; Curt. 5, 9, 14;

and in the same sense: in medium,

Verg. A. 11, 335; Liv. 24, 22, 15; Tac. H. 2, 5; Luc. 5, 46:

in unum,

Tac. H. 1, 68; 4, 70:

in publicum (opp. suscipere proprias simultates),

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Tac. A. 1, 24.—

With de and abl.:

bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

Sall. C. 51, 5; so,

de communibus negotiis,

id. J. 105, 1:

de salute suorum,

Cic. Sull. 22, 63:

omnibus de rebus,

Tac. A. 4, 40.—

With ut or ne:

consulere vivi ac prospicere debemus, ut illorum (liberorum) solitudo munita sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153:

tu ne qua manus se attollere nobis A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe,

Verg. A. 9, 322.— Impers.:

ut urbi... satis esset praesidii, consultum atque provisum est,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

ne deficerent, consulendum esse,

Cels. 3, 4, 31.—

Esp., consulere alicui or alicui rei, to take care for some person or thing, to be mindful of, take care of, look to, have regard for, to counsel or consult for:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

quid me fiat, parvi pendis, dum illi consulas,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 37:

qui parti civium consulunt, partem neglegunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: consulere eorum commodis et utilitati salutique [p. 442] servire, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; so,

famae, pudicitiae tuae,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3:

dignitati meae,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

suae vitae,

Caes. B. G. 7, 12:

receptui sibi,

id. B. C. 3, 69:

reipublicae juxta ac sibi,

Sall. C. 37, 8; id. J. 58, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:

timori magis quam religioni,

Caes. B. C. 1, 67; cf.:

magis irae quam famae,

Sall. C. 51, 7:

qui mi consultum optime velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1: mi ires consultum male? to counsel evil or badly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 36; so,

male patriae,

Nep. Epam. 10, 1; id. Phoc. 2, 2.—With si:

melius consulet (sibi), si, etc.,

Cels. 1, 3, 55.—

Consulere aliquem (or aliquid), to consult with one, to ask his opinion or advice, to ask counsel of, to consult, question (for the sake of advice).

In gen.:

cum te consuluissem, quid mihi faciendum esse censeres,

Cic. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

te, qui philosophum audis,

id. ib. 9, 26, 1:

Apellem tragoedum, uter, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 33 al. —Of inanim. objects:

speculum suum,

Ov. A. A. 3, 136; cf.:

spectatas undas, quid se deceat,

id. M. 4, 312:

nares, an olerent aera Corinthōn,

Mart. 9, 60, 11:

diem de gemmis, etc.,

Ov. A. A. 1, 251 sq.:

animum nostrum,

Quint. 4, 2, 52:

aures meas,

id. 9, 4, 93:

suas vires,

id. 10, 2, 18 al. —With two accs.:

ibo et consulam hanc rem amicos, quid faciundum censeant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 26:

nec te id consulo,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2:

consulere prudentiorem coepi aetates tabularum,

Petr. 88.—Freq.,

Esp. as t. t.

In the lang. of religion, to consult a deity, an oracle, omens, etc.:

Apollinem de re,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

deum consuluit auguriis, quae suscipienda essent,

Liv. 1, 20, 7:

deos hominum fibris,

Tac. A. 14, 30 fin.:

Phoebi oracula,

Ov. M. 3, 9; Suet. Vesp. 5:

Tiresiam conjectorem,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76:

haruspicem,

Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11; Suet. Tib. 63; Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

vates nunc extis, nunc per aves,

Liv. 2, 42, 10:

Cumaeam anum,

Ov. F. 4, 158:

avem primum visam augur,

id. ib. 1, 180:

spirantia exta,

Verg. A. 4, 64; so,

trepidantia exta,

Ov. M. 15, 576:

sacras sortes,

id. ib. 11, 412:

Etrusci haruspices male consulentes,

Gell. 4, 5, 5.— Pass. impers.:

si publice consuletur... sin privatim,

Tac. G. 10. —With dependent question:

senatus pontificum collegium consuli jussit, num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset,

Liv. 39, 5, 9:

consulti per ludibrium pontifices, an concepto necdum edito partu rite nuberet,

Tac. A. 1, 10.—

In judic. lang., to ask advice of a lawyer, to consult, etc.:

quam inanes domus eorum omnium, qui de jure civili consuli solent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:

consuli quidem te a Caesare scribis: sed ego tibi ab illo consuli mallem,

id. Fam. 7, 11, 2:

si jus consuleres, peritissimus,

Liv. 39, 40, 6:

munus hoc eorum qui consuluntur,

i. e. who are skilled in the law, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; so id. Quint. 16, 53.—

With dependent question: consulens eum, an seni jam testato suaderet ordinare suprema judicia,

Quint. 6, 3, 92.—The formula usual in asking advice was, licet consulere? Cic. Mur. 13, 28; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 192.—

In publicists' lang., to take counsel with the competent authorities, to consult:

Quirites, utrum, etc.,

Liv. 31, 7, 2; so,

senatum,

Sall. J. 28, 2:

senatum de foedere,

id. ib. 39, 2;

62, 10: populum de ejus morte,

Cic. Mil. 7, 16:

plebem in omnia (tribuni),

Liv. 6, 39, 2 al. —

Aliquid.

To take counsel or deliberate upon something, to consider:

est consulere quiddam quod tecum volo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 53; id. Pers. 5, 2, 63:

rem delatam consulere ordine non licuit,

Liv. 2, 28, 2; so,

consulere et explorare rem,

Cic. Att. 2, 16, 4:

consulis rem nulli obscuram,

Verg. A. 11, 344 al.:

bis repulsi Galli quid agant consulunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 83.—

To advise something, to give advice:

tun' consulis quicquam?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 22.— Absol.:

ab re consulit blandiloquentulus,

advises to his hurt, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 17.

Sometimes meton. (causa pro effectu).

To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine.

Neutr.; constr. absol. or with de aliquo or in aliquem:

de nullis quam de vobis infestius aut inimicius consuluerunt,

Liv. 28, 29, 8; so,

de perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis,

id. 30, 43, 13:

in humiliores libidinose crudeliterque consulebatur,

id. 3, 36, 7; so,

crudeliter in deditos victosque,

id. 8, 13, 15; cf. Tac. Agr. 16. —

Act.:

quid in concilio consuluistis?

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 6:

animum ego inducam tamen, ut illud, quod tuam in rem bene conducat, consulam,

id. Cist. 3, 4: ne quid gravius de salute tuā consulas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 1:

pessime istuc in te atque in illum consulis,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 28:

quae reges irā inpulsi male consuluerint,

Sall. C. 51, 4:

nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

id. J. 95, 3.— Pass. impers.:

aliter mihi de illis ac de me ipso consulendum est,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3.—

With the access. idea of judging, in the connection boni, optimi aliquid consulere, to excuse, take in good part, interpret favorably; be contented, pleased, or satisfied with:

sit consul a consulendo vel a judicando: nam et hoc consulere veteres vocaverunt, unde adhuc remanet illud Rogat boni consulas, id est bonum judices,

Quint. 1, 6, 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 8 Müll.: nemo hoc rex ausus est facere, eane fieri bonis, bono genere gnatis boni consulitis? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

boni consulendum,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 40 Müll.:

tu haec quaeso consule missa boni,

Ov. P. 3, 8, 24; cf. id. Tr. 4, 1, 106; so,

nostrum laborem,

Quint. 6, prooem. § 16; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 3:

hoc munus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 8; id. Prov. 2, 4; id. Ep. 9, 20; 17, 9; 88, 17:

quaerebat argentum avaritia: boni consuluit interim invenisse minium,

Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 4;

8, 16, 17, § 44: boni et optimi consulere,

App. M. 8, p. 205, 28.— Hence,

consultus, a, um, P. a.

Well considered or weighed, deliberated upon, maturely pondered:

bene consultum consilium surripitur saepissume, si minus, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 5 sq.:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250: neque eam usquam invenio, neque quo eam, neque quā quaeram consultum'st, I know neither, etc., Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 6:

operā consultā,

with mature reflection, Gell. 7 (6), 17, 3;

in the same sense, consulto consilio,

Paul. Sent. 1, 9, 6:

consultius est huic poenalem quoque stipulationem subjungere,

it is better. more advantageous, Dig. 2, 15, 15.—

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Knowing, skilful, experienced, practised, esp. in law; skilled or learned in the law:

non ille magis juris consultus quam justitiae fuit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 10:

juris atque eloquentiae,

Liv. 10, 22, 7:

consultissimus vir omnis divini atque humani juris,

id. 1, 18, 1; cf. Gell. 1, 13, 10:

insanientis sapientiae,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 3:

universae disciplinae,

Col. 11, 1, 12.—Hence, subst.: consultus, i, m., a lawyer:

tu consultus modo rusticus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep 2, 2, 87; 2, 2, 159; Ov. A. A. 1, 83.— Esp. with juris, often written as one word, jūrisconsultus, i, m., v. h. v.— Absol.:

ut natura non disciplinā consultus esse videatur,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

consultorum alterum disertissimum, disertorum alterum consultissimum fuisse,

id. Brut. 40, 148:

consultiores sibimet videntur Deo,

Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.—

Subst.: consultum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) A consultation, inquiry of a deity:

Sostratus (sacerdos) ubi laeta et congruentia exta magnisque consultis annuere deam videt, etc.,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—

(Acc. to II.) A decree, decision, resolution, plan; so first, Senatus consultum, or in one word, Senatusconsul-tum, a decree of the Senate (most freq. in all periods; the senatus consulta were not, like the plebiscita, the supreme law of the republic; but under the emperors, all new laws took this form, v. esp. Sandars, Introd., Just. Inst. § 15;

1, 2, 5),

Sall. C. 42, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149:

senatus consultum est quod senatus jubet atque constituit, nam cum auctus esset populus Romanus... aequum visum est senatum vice populi consuli,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5;

for which, consulta Patrum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 41. —Of a decree of the Sicilian council:

ne senatus consultum Siculi homines facere possent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146.—Also in other connections:

facta et consulta fortium et sapientium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 62; cf.:

facta consultaque Alexandri,

Sall. H. 3, 7 Dietsch:

consulta et decreta,

id. J. 11, 5:

consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere,

all objects of consultation, plans, id. ib. 108, 2; cf.:

ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque,

plans, Liv. 25, 16, 4; and:

approbare collegam consulta,

id. 10, 39, 10:

dum consulta petis,

responses, oracles, divinations, Verg. A. 6, 151:

tua magna,

decisions, id. ib. 11, 410; so,

mollia,

Tac. A. 1, 40:

mala,

id. ib. 6, 6:

ex consulto factum,

purposely, voluntarily, Auct. Her. 2, 30, 49.—Hence, adv., considerately, deliberately, designedly, on purpose.

Form consultō (class. in prose and poetry):

utrum perturbatione aliquā animi an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 43; Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 85; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 37; Sall. J. 60, 5; 64, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 19; Tac. A. 4, 16; Suet. Caes. 56; * Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 al. —

Form consultē (mostly ante- and post-class.):

qui consulte, docte atque astute cavet,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:

caute atque consulte gesta,

Liv. 22, 38, 11; Spart. Had. 2.— Comp., Liv. 22, 24, 3; Tac. H. 2, 24. — Sup., Capitol. Pert. 7.

dŏcĕo, cŭi, ctum, 2, v. a. [root da; Zend. dā, to know; strengthened, dak-; Gr. didaskô; Lat. disco], to teach, instruct, inform, show, tell, etc. (for syn. cf.: edoceo, perdoceo, erudio, praecipio, instituo).

In gen., with double acc. of person and thing:

pejor magister te istaec docuit... illa, quae te docui,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 55:

hunc hominem cursuram,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 9:

aliquem artem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54:

aliquem litteras,

id. Pis. 30:

aliquem ejusmodi rem,

id. Quint. 25, 79:

pueros elementa,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 17 et saep.— Pass., with acc. rei:

is reliqua frustra docetur,

Quint. 4, 2, 90; 1, 5, 11; 3, 8, 70; 6, 2, 3; Hor. C. 3, 6, 21; id. S. 1, 6, 76 et saep.; cf.: doctus dogmam, Laber. ap. Prisc. p. 679 fin. P.; and:

doctus militiam,

Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 40, p. 224 ed. Gerl.—With inf.:

docemur auctoritate domitas habere libidines,

Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 194; 1, 57, 244; id. Fin. 2, 5, 15:

docemur disputare, non vivere (= discimus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 13:

equi variare gyros docentur,

Tac. G. 6; Sall. J. 85, 33; Nep. Epam. 2, 1; Liv. 21, 3, 6.—With acc. pers. and inf.:

ut doceam Rullum posthac in iis saltem tacere rebus, in quibus, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2; so id. Phil. 2, 4, 8; Hor. S. 1, 1, 91; id. Ep. 1, 14, 30 al.; cf. ellipt. with abl. of instrument:

Socratem fidibus (sc. canere),

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

aliquem docendum curare equo, armisque,

Liv. 29, 1, 8; Zumpt, § 391 fin. —With acc. pers. and de, to instruct or inform one of:

de ejus injuriis judices docere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51:

aliquem de aliqua re,

id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26; 44, 127; id. de Or. 2, 24, 102; Sall. J. 13, 3 al. —With acc. pers. and rel. clause:

doceant eum, qui vir Sex. Roscius fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; id. Att. 8, 2, 2; id. Fam. 3, 6, 5; 5, 3; Quint. 6, 1, 20 al.—With acc. pers.:

studiosos discendi erudiunt atque docent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156; id. Div. 2, 2; id. de Sen. 9, 29; Quint. 2, 5, 13; Hor. S. 2, 2, 50; id. Ep. 1, 13, 1 et saep.—With acc. rei:

coepit studiose omnia Docere, educare, ita uti si esset filia,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37; so,

aliquid,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42 fin.; Quint. 7, 10, 10; 9, 4, 137; Hor. A. P. 306 et saep.; cf.

also: quod de lacu Albano docuisset,

Liv. 5, 15; so with two acc., Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 3; Cic. Clu. 70, 198.—With acc. and inf.:

docui per litteras, id nec opus esse nec fieri posse,

Cic. Att. 16, 8; Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 7; 5, 28, 4; Quint. 1, 5, 43; Hor. S. 2, 3, 63 et saep.— Absol.:

cum doceo et explano,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 82; id. Or. 42, 143; Quint. 3, 4, 15; 3, 5, 2 et saep.; cf.

also: Tyrannio docet apud me,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4 fin.

In partic.: fabulam, like the Gr. didaskein, qs. to teach a play to the actors, to rehearse; hence, to produce, exhibit on the stage:

minor fuit aliquanto is, qui primus fabulam dedit, quam ii, qui multas docuerant (Plautus et Naevius),

Cic. Brut. 18, 73; id. Tusc. 4, 29, 63; Hor. A. P. 288; Gell. 17, 21, 42.—Hence, doctus, a, um, P. a., learned, skilled, versed, experienced in any thing (cf.: litteratus, eruditus, peritus, gnarus, scitus).— Absol.:

doctus vir et Graecis litteris eruditus,

Cic. Brut. 30, 114; cf. id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; 2, 74, 299:

adolescentes humanissimi et doctissimi,

id. Cael. 10, 24.—With ex:

fuit enim doctus ex disciplina Stoicorum,

Cic. Brut. 25.—With abl.:

docti et Graecis litteris et Latinis,

Cic. Brut. 46; 45 fin.; Sall. C. 25, 2; Mart. 10, 76. —With adv.:

nec minus Graece quam Latine doctus,

Suet. Gram. 7.—With gen.:

fandi doctissima Cymodocea,

Verg. A. 10, 225:

legum atque morum populi Romani jurisque civilis,

Gell. 13, 12, 1:

sagittarum,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 11:

artis lanificae,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 381.—With acc.:

(Maecenas) docte sermones utriusque linguae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 5:

dulces modos (with citharae sciens),

id. ib. 3, 9, 10:

omnia,

Stat. Th. 2, 692:

litteras,

Gell. 19, 9, 7.—With inf.:

doctus sagittas tendere Sericas,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 9; 3, 6, 38; 4, 13, 7; id. Carm. Sec. 75 et saep.—With ad or in:

ad delinquendum doctior,

Ov. Tr. 2, 256:

in parum fausto carmine docta fui,

id. H. 21, 182:

Sapphica puella Musa doctior,

more skilled in song, Cat. 35, 17:

docta puella,

Prop. 1, 7, 11; 2, 11, 6 (3, 2, 6 M.);

2, 13, 11 (3, 4, 11 M.).—Esp. as epithet of Catullus by other poets,

Tib. 3, 6, 41; Ov. Am. 3, 9, 62:

Verona docti syllabas amat vatis,

Mart. 1, 61, 1; Ov. A. A. 2, 181.—As subst.: doctus, the man of skill.—Prov.:

doctus in se semper divitias habet,

Phaedr. 4, 21, 1; but class. only in plur.: doctī, ōrum, m., the learned:

doctorum est ista consuetudo,

Cic. Lael. 5, 17 et saep.—

Of things as subjects:

frontes,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 29:

tibia,

Prop. 2, 30, 16 (3, 28, 16 M.):

carmina,

Tib. 2, 3, 20; cf.

vox,

Ov. P. 2, 5, 52:

voces Pythagoreorum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

sermo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 25, 3:

prece,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135:

manus artificis,

Tib. 1, 8, 12; cf. id. 2, 1, 70; Ov. F. 3, 832; 6, 792:

falx,

Prop. 2, 19, 12 (3, 12, 12 M.) et saep.—

In Plaut. and Ter., knowing, cunning, shrewd, subtle:

malum, callidum, doctum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 35; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 43; id. Most. 1, 3, 122; 5, 1, 24 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 6; id. Eun. 4, 7, 21; cf.

also, dolus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 69; id. Ps. 1, 5, 70 al.— docte, adv.

Learnedly, skilfully (very rare; not in Cic.).— Comp., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 33; Mart. 7, 46.— Sup., Sall. J. 95, 3.—

Cunningly, shrewdly, cleverly:

docte et sapienter dicis,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 23:

docte tibi illam perdoctam dabo,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 103; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:

docte sapere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 162; id. Most. 5, 1, 21 et saep.— Comp., Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 99.

dŏcĕo, cŭi, ctum, 2, v. a. [root da; Zend. dā, to know; strengthened, dak-; Gr. didaskô; Lat. disco], to teach, instruct, inform, show, tell, etc. (for syn. cf.: edoceo, perdoceo, erudio, praecipio, instituo).

In gen., with double acc. of person and thing:

pejor magister te istaec docuit... illa, quae te docui,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 55:

hunc hominem cursuram,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 9:

aliquem artem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54:

aliquem litteras,

id. Pis. 30:

aliquem ejusmodi rem,

id. Quint. 25, 79:

pueros elementa,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 17 et saep.— Pass., with acc. rei:

is reliqua frustra docetur,

Quint. 4, 2, 90; 1, 5, 11; 3, 8, 70; 6, 2, 3; Hor. C. 3, 6, 21; id. S. 1, 6, 76 et saep.; cf.: doctus dogmam, Laber. ap. Prisc. p. 679 fin. P.; and:

doctus militiam,

Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 40, p. 224 ed. Gerl.—With inf.:

docemur auctoritate domitas habere libidines,

Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 194; 1, 57, 244; id. Fin. 2, 5, 15:

docemur disputare, non vivere (= discimus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 13:

equi variare gyros docentur,

Tac. G. 6; Sall. J. 85, 33; Nep. Epam. 2, 1; Liv. 21, 3, 6.—With acc. pers. and inf.:

ut doceam Rullum posthac in iis saltem tacere rebus, in quibus, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2; so id. Phil. 2, 4, 8; Hor. S. 1, 1, 91; id. Ep. 1, 14, 30 al.; cf. ellipt. with abl. of instrument:

Socratem fidibus (sc. canere),

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

aliquem docendum curare equo, armisque,

Liv. 29, 1, 8; Zumpt, § 391 fin. —With acc. pers. and de, to instruct or inform one of:

de ejus injuriis judices docere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51:

aliquem de aliqua re,

id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26; 44, 127; id. de Or. 2, 24, 102; Sall. J. 13, 3 al. —With acc. pers. and rel. clause:

doceant eum, qui vir Sex. Roscius fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; id. Att. 8, 2, 2; id. Fam. 3, 6, 5; 5, 3; Quint. 6, 1, 20 al.—With acc. pers.:

studiosos discendi erudiunt atque docent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156; id. Div. 2, 2; id. de Sen. 9, 29; Quint. 2, 5, 13; Hor. S. 2, 2, 50; id. Ep. 1, 13, 1 et saep.—With acc. rei:

coepit studiose omnia Docere, educare, ita uti si esset filia,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37; so,

aliquid,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42 fin.; Quint. 7, 10, 10; 9, 4, 137; Hor. A. P. 306 et saep.; cf.

also: quod de lacu Albano docuisset,

Liv. 5, 15; so with two acc., Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 3; Cic. Clu. 70, 198.—With acc. and inf.:

docui per litteras, id nec opus esse nec fieri posse,

Cic. Att. 16, 8; Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 7; 5, 28, 4; Quint. 1, 5, 43; Hor. S. 2, 3, 63 et saep.— Absol.:

cum doceo et explano,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 82; id. Or. 42, 143; Quint. 3, 4, 15; 3, 5, 2 et saep.; cf.

also: Tyrannio docet apud me,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4 fin.

In partic.: fabulam, like the Gr. didaskein, qs. to teach a play to the actors, to rehearse; hence, to produce, exhibit on the stage:

minor fuit aliquanto is, qui primus fabulam dedit, quam ii, qui multas docuerant (Plautus et Naevius),

Cic. Brut. 18, 73; id. Tusc. 4, 29, 63; Hor. A. P. 288; Gell. 17, 21, 42.—Hence, doctus, a, um, P. a., learned, skilled, versed, experienced in any thing (cf.: litteratus, eruditus, peritus, gnarus, scitus).— Absol.:

doctus vir et Graecis litteris eruditus,

Cic. Brut. 30, 114; cf. id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; 2, 74, 299:

adolescentes humanissimi et doctissimi,

id. Cael. 10, 24.—With ex:

fuit enim doctus ex disciplina Stoicorum,

Cic. Brut. 25.—With abl.:

docti et Graecis litteris et Latinis,

Cic. Brut. 46; 45 fin.; Sall. C. 25, 2; Mart. 10, 76. —With adv.:

nec minus Graece quam Latine doctus,

Suet. Gram. 7.—With gen.:

fandi doctissima Cymodocea,

Verg. A. 10, 225:

legum atque morum populi Romani jurisque civilis,

Gell. 13, 12, 1:

sagittarum,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 11:

artis lanificae,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 381.—With acc.:

(Maecenas) docte sermones utriusque linguae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 5:

dulces modos (with citharae sciens),

id. ib. 3, 9, 10:

omnia,

Stat. Th. 2, 692:

litteras,

Gell. 19, 9, 7.—With inf.:

doctus sagittas tendere Sericas,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 9; 3, 6, 38; 4, 13, 7; id. Carm. Sec. 75 et saep.—With ad or in:

ad delinquendum doctior,

Ov. Tr. 2, 256:

in parum fausto carmine docta fui,

id. H. 21, 182:

Sapphica puella Musa doctior,

more skilled in song, Cat. 35, 17:

docta puella,

Prop. 1, 7, 11; 2, 11, 6 (3, 2, 6 M.);

2, 13, 11 (3, 4, 11 M.).—Esp. as epithet of Catullus by other poets,

Tib. 3, 6, 41; Ov. Am. 3, 9, 62:

Verona docti syllabas amat vatis,

Mart. 1, 61, 1; Ov. A. A. 2, 181.—As subst.: doctus, the man of skill.—Prov.:

doctus in se semper divitias habet,

Phaedr. 4, 21, 1; but class. only in plur.: doctī, ōrum, m., the learned:

doctorum est ista consuetudo,

Cic. Lael. 5, 17 et saep.—

Of things as subjects:

frontes,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 29:

tibia,

Prop. 2, 30, 16 (3, 28, 16 M.):

carmina,

Tib. 2, 3, 20; cf.

vox,

Ov. P. 2, 5, 52:

voces Pythagoreorum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

sermo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 25, 3:

prece,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135:

manus artificis,

Tib. 1, 8, 12; cf. id. 2, 1, 70; Ov. F. 3, 832; 6, 792:

falx,

Prop. 2, 19, 12 (3, 12, 12 M.) et saep.—

In Plaut. and Ter., knowing, cunning, shrewd, subtle:

malum, callidum, doctum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 35; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 43; id. Most. 1, 3, 122; 5, 1, 24 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 6; id. Eun. 4, 7, 21; cf.

also, dolus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 69; id. Ps. 1, 5, 70 al.— docte, adv.

Learnedly, skilfully (very rare; not in Cic.).— Comp., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 33; Mart. 7, 46.— Sup., Sall. J. 95, 3.—

Cunningly, shrewdly, cleverly:

docte et sapienter dicis,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 23:

docte tibi illam perdoctam dabo,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 103; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:

docte sapere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 162; id. Most. 5, 1, 21 et saep.— Comp., Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 99.

prūdens, entis, adj. [contr. from providens].

Foreseeing, foreknowing (very rare); constr. with an objective clause, or absol.:

ille contra urinam spargit, prudens, hanc quoque leoni exitialem,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

quos prudentis possumus dicere, id est providentis,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 111: de futuro satis callidus satisque prudens, Ps.-Sall. ap. Cic. init. —

Transf.

Knowing, skilled, experienced, versed, practised in a thing (class.; syn.: peritus, consultus); constr. with gen. or in; poet. and post-Aug. also with inf.

With gen.:

ceterarum rerum pater familias et prudens et attentus,

Cic. Quint. 3, 11:

belli prudentes, Sall. Ep. Mith. (H. 4, 61, 16 Dietsch): rei militaris,

Nep. Con. 1, 2:

locorum,

Liv. 34, 28 fin.:

animus rerum prudens,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 35:

artis,

Ov. H. 5, 150:

animorum provinciae prudens,

Tac. Agr. 19:

doli prudens,

id. H. 2, 25:

agricolationis,

Col. 2, 2, 15.— Comp.:

prudentiores rerum rusticarum,

Col. 4, 2, 1; so,

earum rerum,

Gell. 14, 2, 4.— Sup.:

adulandi gens prudentissima,

Juv. 3, 86.—

With in:

prudens in jure civili,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6.—

With inf. or acc. and inf.:

nec pauperum prudens anus Novemdialis dissipare pulveres,

Hor. Epod. 17, 47:

prudens otii vitia negotio discuti,

Curt. 7, 1, 4:-ob ea se peti prudens, Plin. 8, 31, 49, § 111:

sciens prudensque se praegnantem non esse,

Dig. 25, 6, 1, § 2.—

In partic.

Juris prudens, also prudens alone (like juris peritus), skilled or learned in the law; as subst.: jūrisprūdens, ntis, m., one learned in the law, a lawyer, jurist, jurisconsult (only post-class.), Dig. 38, 15, 2 fin.; 1, 2, 2; 1, 1, 7; 40, 7, 30; Just. Inst. 1, 2.—

Like sciens, knowing, wise, discreet, prudent; usually connected with sciens: prudens animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 8 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

quos prudens praetereo,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 88; 2, 5, 58 (cf.:

imprudens praeteriisse videris,

Cic. Brut. 77, 269):

ibis sub furcam prudens,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 66:

nequidquam deus abscidit Prudens Oceano terras,

id. C. 1, 3, 22; 3, 29, 29; Ov. M. 3, 364:

an prudens imprudensve rupisset,

Gell. 20, 1, 34.—With sciens: amore ardeo:

et prudens, sciens, Vivus vidensque pereo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 27:

ut in fabulis Amphiaraus sic ego prudens et sciens ad pestem ante oculos positam sum profectus,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 5; Suet. Ner. 2 fin. —

In gen., sagacious, sensible, intelligent, clever, judicious, etc. (very freq.):

vir naturā peracutus et prudens,

Cic. Or. 5, 18:

quis P. Octavio ingenio prudentior, jure peritior,

id. Clu. 38, 107:

prudentem et, ut ita dicam, catum,

id. Leg. 1, 16, 45:

in existimando admodum prudens,

id. Brut. 68, 239; cf.:

prudentissimi in disserendo,

id. ib. 31, 118:

virum ad consilia prudentem,

id. Font. 15, 43:

quo nemo prudentior,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

homines amicissimi ac prudentissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 10:

vir bonus et prudens,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32; cf. id. A. P. 445:

si divitiae prudentem reddere possent,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 155:

prudentior ille consilio, hic animo magnificentior,

Just. 9, 8, 13.—With adverb. acc.:

prudens alia,

Amm. 15, 13, 2.—Of abstract things:

prudens, temperata, fortis, justa ratio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 21, 58:

prudens animi sententia,

Ov. H. 21, 137: consilium, quod si non fuerit prudens, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. M. 13, 433:

prudentissimum consilium,

Nep. Eum. 3, 4; Hirt. B. Alex. 24. —

Cautious, circumspect (very rare):

malebant me nimium timidum quam satis prudentem existimari,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2.— Hence, adv.: prūdenter, sagaciously, intelligently, discreetly, wisely, skilfully, learnedly, prudently, etc.: loqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 255 Vahl.):

facere,

Cic. Fin. 5, 6, 15; cf. id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

rationem excogitare,

id. ib. 2, 12, 23:

multa ab eo prudenter disputata,

id. Lael. 1, 1:

multa provisa prudenter,

id. ib. 2, 6.— Comp., Aug. in Suet. Tib. 21; Quint. 9, 2, 44.— Sup.:

defendere,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

scribere,

id. Att. 13, 1, 1; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext. 4.

pragmătĭcus, a, um, adj., = pragmatikos, prop., skilled in business, esp. experienced in matters of law:

pragmatici homines omnibus historiis cavere jubent et vetant credere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 1.—Hence,

Subst.

pragmătĭcus, i, m., = pragmatikos, one skilled in the law, who furnished orators and advocates with the principles on which they based their speeches:

itaque illi disertissimi homines (Graeci) ministros habent in causis juris peritos, cum ipsi sint imperitissimi, et qui pragmatici vocantur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 253 (dub.;

bracketed by B. and K.): oratori pragmaticum adjutorem dare,

id. ib. 1, 59, 253 (1, 45, 198, written as Greek); Quint. 12, 3, 4; Juv. 7, 123; Dig. 48, 17, 9.—

Pragmătĭca, ōrum, n., the title of a work by Attius, Gell. 20, 3;

perh. the same which is called by Pliny Praxidica and Praxidicum,

Plin. 1, ind. lib. 18; 18, 24, 55, § 200.—

Adj., relating to civil affairs. So in late jurid. Lat.:

pragmatica sanctio, or jussio, or annotatio, or constitutio,

an imperial decree that referred to the affairs of a community, a pragmatic sanction, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; called pragmaticum rescriptum, Aug. Collat. cum Donatist. 3, c. 2; and absol.: pragmătĭcum, i, n., Cod. Th. 6, 23, 3; 16, 5, 52.

pragmătĭcus, a, um, adj., = pragmatikos, prop., skilled in business, esp. experienced in matters of law:

pragmatici homines omnibus historiis cavere jubent et vetant credere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 1.—Hence,

Subst.

pragmătĭcus, i, m., = pragmatikos, one skilled in the law, who furnished orators and advocates with the principles on which they based their speeches:

itaque illi disertissimi homines (Graeci) ministros habent in causis juris peritos, cum ipsi sint imperitissimi, et qui pragmatici vocantur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 253 (dub.;

bracketed by B. and K.): oratori pragmaticum adjutorem dare,

id. ib. 1, 59, 253 (1, 45, 198, written as Greek); Quint. 12, 3, 4; Juv. 7, 123; Dig. 48, 17, 9.—

Pragmătĭca, ōrum, n., the title of a work by Attius, Gell. 20, 3;

perh. the same which is called by Pliny Praxidica and Praxidicum,

Plin. 1, ind. lib. 18; 18, 24, 55, § 200.—

Adj., relating to civil affairs. So in late jurid. Lat.:

pragmatica sanctio, or jussio, or annotatio, or constitutio,

an imperial decree that referred to the affairs of a community, a pragmatic sanction, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; called pragmaticum rescriptum, Aug. Collat. cum Donatist. 3, c. 2; and absol.: pragmătĭcum, i, n., Cod. Th. 6, 23, 3; 16, 5, 52.

pragmătĭcus, a, um, adj., = pragmatikos, prop., skilled in business, esp. experienced in matters of law:

pragmatici homines omnibus historiis cavere jubent et vetant credere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 1.—Hence,

Subst.

pragmătĭcus, i, m., = pragmatikos, one skilled in the law, who furnished orators and advocates with the principles on which they based their speeches:

itaque illi disertissimi homines (Graeci) ministros habent in causis juris peritos, cum ipsi sint imperitissimi, et qui pragmatici vocantur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 253 (dub.;

bracketed by B. and K.): oratori pragmaticum adjutorem dare,

id. ib. 1, 59, 253 (1, 45, 198, written as Greek); Quint. 12, 3, 4; Juv. 7, 123; Dig. 48, 17, 9.—

Pragmătĭca, ōrum, n., the title of a work by Attius, Gell. 20, 3;

perh. the same which is called by Pliny Praxidica and Praxidicum,

Plin. 1, ind. lib. 18; 18, 24, 55, § 200.—

Adj., relating to civil affairs. So in late jurid. Lat.:

pragmatica sanctio, or jussio, or annotatio, or constitutio,

an imperial decree that referred to the affairs of a community, a pragmatic sanction, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; called pragmaticum rescriptum, Aug. Collat. cum Donatist. 3, c. 2; and absol.: pragmătĭcum, i, n., Cod. Th. 6, 23, 3; 16, 5, 52.

prūdens, entis, adj. [contr. from providens].

Foreseeing, foreknowing (very rare); constr. with an objective clause, or absol.:

ille contra urinam spargit, prudens, hanc quoque leoni exitialem,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

quos prudentis possumus dicere, id est providentis,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 111: de futuro satis callidus satisque prudens, Ps.-Sall. ap. Cic. init. —

Transf.

Knowing, skilled, experienced, versed, practised in a thing (class.; syn.: peritus, consultus); constr. with gen. or in; poet. and post-Aug. also with inf.

With gen.:

ceterarum rerum pater familias et prudens et attentus,

Cic. Quint. 3, 11:

belli prudentes, Sall. Ep. Mith. (H. 4, 61, 16 Dietsch): rei militaris,

Nep. Con. 1, 2:

locorum,

Liv. 34, 28 fin.:

animus rerum prudens,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 35:

artis,

Ov. H. 5, 150:

animorum provinciae prudens,

Tac. Agr. 19:

doli prudens,

id. H. 2, 25:

agricolationis,

Col. 2, 2, 15.— Comp.:

prudentiores rerum rusticarum,

Col. 4, 2, 1; so,

earum rerum,

Gell. 14, 2, 4.— Sup.:

adulandi gens prudentissima,

Juv. 3, 86.—

With in:

prudens in jure civili,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6.—

With inf. or acc. and inf.:

nec pauperum prudens anus Novemdialis dissipare pulveres,

Hor. Epod. 17, 47:

prudens otii vitia negotio discuti,

Curt. 7, 1, 4:-ob ea se peti prudens, Plin. 8, 31, 49, § 111:

sciens prudensque se praegnantem non esse,

Dig. 25, 6, 1, § 2.—

In partic.

Juris prudens, also prudens alone (like juris peritus), skilled or learned in the law; as subst.: jūrisprūdens, ntis, m., one learned in the law, a lawyer, jurist, jurisconsult (only post-class.), Dig. 38, 15, 2 fin.; 1, 2, 2; 1, 1, 7; 40, 7, 30; Just. Inst. 1, 2.—

Like sciens, knowing, wise, discreet, prudent; usually connected with sciens: prudens animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 8 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

quos prudens praetereo,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 88; 2, 5, 58 (cf.:

imprudens praeteriisse videris,

Cic. Brut. 77, 269):

ibis sub furcam prudens,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 66:

nequidquam deus abscidit Prudens Oceano terras,

id. C. 1, 3, 22; 3, 29, 29; Ov. M. 3, 364:

an prudens imprudensve rupisset,

Gell. 20, 1, 34.—With sciens: amore ardeo:

et prudens, sciens, Vivus vidensque pereo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 27:

ut in fabulis Amphiaraus sic ego prudens et sciens ad pestem ante oculos positam sum profectus,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 5; Suet. Ner. 2 fin. —

In gen., sagacious, sensible, intelligent, clever, judicious, etc. (very freq.):

vir naturā peracutus et prudens,

Cic. Or. 5, 18:

quis P. Octavio ingenio prudentior, jure peritior,

id. Clu. 38, 107:

prudentem et, ut ita dicam, catum,

id. Leg. 1, 16, 45:

in existimando admodum prudens,

id. Brut. 68, 239; cf.:

prudentissimi in disserendo,

id. ib. 31, 118:

virum ad consilia prudentem,

id. Font. 15, 43:

quo nemo prudentior,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

homines amicissimi ac prudentissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 10:

vir bonus et prudens,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32; cf. id. A. P. 445:

si divitiae prudentem reddere possent,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 155:

prudentior ille consilio, hic animo magnificentior,

Just. 9, 8, 13.—With adverb. acc.:

prudens alia,

Amm. 15, 13, 2.—Of abstract things:

prudens, temperata, fortis, justa ratio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 21, 58:

prudens animi sententia,

Ov. H. 21, 137: consilium, quod si non fuerit prudens, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. M. 13, 433:

prudentissimum consilium,

Nep. Eum. 3, 4; Hirt. B. Alex. 24. —

Cautious, circumspect (very rare):

malebant me nimium timidum quam satis prudentem existimari,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2.— Hence, adv.: prūdenter, sagaciously, intelligently, discreetly, wisely, skilfully, learnedly, prudently, etc.: loqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 255 Vahl.):

facere,

Cic. Fin. 5, 6, 15; cf. id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

rationem excogitare,

id. ib. 2, 12, 23:

multa ab eo prudenter disputata,

id. Lael. 1, 1:

multa provisa prudenter,

id. ib. 2, 6.— Comp., Aug. in Suet. Tib. 21; Quint. 9, 2, 44.— Sup.:

defendere,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

scribere,

id. Att. 13, 1, 1; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext. 4.