villain

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Cācus, i, m., = Kakos, son of Vulcan, contemporary with Evander, a giant of immense physical strength, who dwelt in a cave on Mount Aventinus, and troubled the whole region around by his robberies; he robbed even Hercules of the cattle of Geryon, and was on that account slain by him, Ov. F. 1, 543 sq.; Liv. 1, 7, 5 sq.; Verg. A. 8, 190 sq., and Serv. in h. l.; Prop. 4 (5), 9, 7; 4 (5), 9, 16; Col. 1, 3, 6; Juv. 5, 125; Sol. 1, §§ 7 and 18.

căcus, i, m. [perh. kakos; cf. Engl. villain, rascal, as designations of a servant], a servant, Inscr. Vellerm. 7, 1, 27.

Cācus, i, m., = Kakos, son of Vulcan, contemporary with Evander, a giant of immense physical strength, who dwelt in a cave on Mount Aventinus, and troubled the whole region around by his robberies; he robbed even Hercules of the cattle of Geryon, and was on that account slain by him, Ov. F. 1, 543 sq.; Liv. 1, 7, 5 sq.; Verg. A. 8, 190 sq., and Serv. in h. l.; Prop. 4 (5), 9, 7; 4 (5), 9, 16; Col. 1, 3, 6; Juv. 5, 125; Sol. 1, §§ 7 and 18.

căcus, i, m. [perh. kakos; cf. Engl. villain, rascal, as designations of a servant], a servant, Inscr. Vellerm. 7, 1, 27.

carnĭfex or carnŭfex, fĭcis, m. [v. caro-facio], an executioner, hangman, Plaut Bacch. 4, 4, 37; id. Capt. 5, 4, 22; id. Rud. 3, 6, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; id. Phil. 11, 3, 7; id. Quint. 15, 50; id. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; Quint. 5, 10, 59; Lucr. 3, 1017; Cat. 97, 12; Juv. 8, 175 al.; this office was considered so disgraceful that he was not permitted to live in the city, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4 sq.; but in the Subura, Mart. 2, 17, 1 sqq.—

As a term of reproach, scoundrel, villain, rascal, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 220; 2, 1, 41; Ter. And. 1, 2, 12; id. Eun. 4, 4, 3; Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—

Trop., tormenter, murderer, Ter. And. 4, 1, 27 Don.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9; Liv. 2, 35, 1; 2, 56, 8; 2, 42, 23 fin.:

Fortuna gloriae carnifex,

murderer, destroyer of fame, Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39. — Poet., adj., murderous, killing:

carnifex avis,

Mart. 11, 84, 10:

pedes (sc. podagrici),

id. 12, 48, 10:

manus,

Sil. 1, 173:

epulae,

deadly, Claud. B. Gild. 178:

libido,

Arn. 1, 41.

carnĭfex or carnŭfex, fĭcis, m. [v. caro-facio], an executioner, hangman, Plaut Bacch. 4, 4, 37; id. Capt. 5, 4, 22; id. Rud. 3, 6, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; id. Phil. 11, 3, 7; id. Quint. 15, 50; id. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; Quint. 5, 10, 59; Lucr. 3, 1017; Cat. 97, 12; Juv. 8, 175 al.; this office was considered so disgraceful that he was not permitted to live in the city, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4 sq.; but in the Subura, Mart. 2, 17, 1 sqq.—

As a term of reproach, scoundrel, villain, rascal, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 220; 2, 1, 41; Ter. And. 1, 2, 12; id. Eun. 4, 4, 3; Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—

Trop., tormenter, murderer, Ter. And. 4, 1, 27 Don.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9; Liv. 2, 35, 1; 2, 56, 8; 2, 42, 23 fin.:

Fortuna gloriae carnifex,

murderer, destroyer of fame, Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39. — Poet., adj., murderous, killing:

carnifex avis,

Mart. 11, 84, 10:

pedes (sc. podagrici),

id. 12, 48, 10:

manus,

Sil. 1, 173:

epulae,

deadly, Claud. B. Gild. 178:

libido,

Arn. 1, 41.

flāgĭtĭum, ii, n. [flagito; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, p. 143; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 398 sq.; orig., burning desire, heat of passion].

Lit., an eager or furious demand, importunity, urgency (post-Aug. and rare; cf.

flagitatio): Lentulus credebatur illa militiae flagitia primus aspernari,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

pro Plancina cum pudore et flagitio disseruit, matris preces obtendens,

id. ib. 3, 17.—

Transf.

Esp., a shameful or disgraceful act done in the heat of passion; a burning shame, disgraceful thing (class.;

syn.: scelus, nefas, facinus, maleficium, peccatum, delictum, crimen): quae (convivia) domesticis stupris flagitiisque flagrabunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71; so,

flagrantissima (with adulteria),

Tac. A. 14, 51; cf.:

stupra et adulteria et omne tale flagitium,

Cic. de Sen. 12, 40; id. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

domesticis vitiis atque flagitiis se inquinare,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72; cf.:

homo sceleribus flagitiisque contaminatissimus,

id. Prov. Cons. 6, 14; and id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:

tantum sceleris et tantum flagitii admittere,

id. Att. 10, 3:

quae libido ab oculis, quod facinus a manibus umquam tuis, quod flagitium a toto corpore abfuit? etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 13; cf.:

Q. Curius, flagitiis atque facinoribus coopertus,

Sall. C. 23, 1;

so with facinora,

id. ib. 14, 2 Kritz. N. cr.:

nihil facinoris, nihil flagitii praetermittere,

Liv. 39, 13, 10; 39, 16, 1:

tanta flagitia facere et dicere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73:

in hoc flagitio versari ipsum videmus Jovem (corresp. to stuprum),

id. ib. 4, 33, 70:

in tot flagitia se ingurgitare,

id. Pis. 18, 42.—

In gen., any shameful or disgraceful act or thing (without the accessory idea of passion):

petere honorem pro flagitio more fit,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 28:

flagitium fiet, nisi dos dabitur virgini,

id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

cum loquimur terni, nihil flagitii dicimus: at cum bini, obscoenum est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

flagitium rei militaris admittere,

id. Clu. 46, 128: flagiti principium est, nudare inter cives corpora, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70 (Trag. v. 426 ed. Vahl.):

nonne id flagitium est, te aliis consilium dare, foris sapere, tibi non posse auxiliarier?

is it not a shame? Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 49:

praeesse agro colendo flagitium putes,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50:

quantum flagitii commisisset (for which, shortly before: nihil turpius, quam, etc.),

id. Brut. 61, 219; cf.:

ita necesse fuit aut haec flagitia concipere animo aut susceptae philosophiae nomen amittere,

disgraceful assertions, absurdities, id. N. D. 1, 24, 66.—Comically: Co. Fores hae fecerunt magnum flagitium modo. Ad. Quid id est flagitii? Crepuerunt clare, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 32.— Leg. t. t.: perfectum flagitium, a completed crime (opp. imperfectum), Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 14.—

In vulg. lang., concr. like scelus, shame, disgrace, as a term of reproach, i. q. rascal, scoundrel:

flagitium illud hominis!

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 8; id. As. 2, 4, 67; id. Cas. 3, 2, 22; id. Men. 3, 2, 24; 5, 1, 9:

ipsa quae sis stabulum flagitii,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 31: etiam opprobras vim, flagiti flagrantia, burning shame, i. e. outrageous villain, id. Rud. 3, 4, 28:

omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat,

Sall. C. 14, 1.—

(Causa pro effectu.) Shame, disgrace (rare but class.):

id erat meum factum flagiti plenum et dedecoris,

Cic. Att. 16, 7, 4; cf.:

magnum dedecus et flagitium,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86: qui non gloria movemini neque flagitio, Sall. Or. Licin. fin. (p. 236 ed. Gerl.):

beatus qui pejus leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50:

flagitio additis damnum,

id. ib. 3, 5, 26:

quia illa forma matrem familias flagitium sit si sequatur,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 71:

facere damni mavolo, Quam obprobramentum aut flagitium muliebre inferri domo,

id. ib. 2, 3, 85; id. Ep. 3, 4, 79:

flagitium imperio demere,

Liv. 25, 15, 19:

consul moveri flagitio timoris fatendi,

id. 42, 60, 4.

prō̆pŭdĭum, ĭi, n. [pro-pudet].

A shameful or infamous action (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

propudium dicebant, cum maledicto nudare turpitudinem volebant, quasi porro pudendum. Quidam propudium putant dici, a quo pudor et pudicitia procul sint,

Fest. p. 227 Müll.:

propudii aliquem insimulare,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 11.—In plur.:

hoc cinere poto propudia virorum inhiberi,

Plin. 28, 8, 32, § 122.—

Transf., concr., a shameful person, vile wretch, a rascal, villain, a term of abuse (class.):

quid ais, propudium?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 34; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 7; cf. id. Poen. 1, 2, 60:

propudium illud et portentum L. Antonius,

Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 8; App M. 8, p. 215, 15.

prō̆pŭdĭum, a dub. reading:

moraris tanquam propudium ignores,

Petr. 99; perh. a signal to set sail (Bücheler), or a vulgar form for propediem.

scĕlus, ĕris, n. [Sanscr. root skhal, to fall, akin to khal-, to deceive; cf. Goth. skal, to owe], an evil deed; a wicked, heinous, or impious action; a crime, sin, enormity, wickedness (the strongest general term for a morally bad act or quality; very freq. both in sing. and plur.; cf. nefas).

Lit.

Absol.:

facinus est vincire civem Romanum, scelus verberare, prope parricidium necare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; cf. so (opp. to flagitia and delicta) Tac. G. 12:

majus in sese scelus concipere nefariis sceleribus coöpertus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

detestabile scelus,

id. Lael. 8, 27:

scelus atque perfidia,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so (with perfidia) id. Phil. 11, 2, 5; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; 3, 13, 2; Sall. J. 107, 2; Liv. 40, 39 al.; cf. (with audacia) Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; (with furor) id. ib. 2, 5, 62, § 161; (with avaritia) id. ib. 2, 5, 9, § 24; id. Clu. 8, 23:

documentum Persarum sceleris,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia... hinc pietas, illinc scelus,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

scelus est igitur, nocere bestiae, quod scelus qui velit, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 19:

quid mali aut sceleris fingi aut excogitari potest, quod, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

nefario scelere concepto,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 72:

concipere in se,

id. ib. 2, 1, 4, §

9 (v. supra): tantum sceleris admittere,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3:

scelus nefarium facere,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 221; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:

perficere,

id. Clu. 68, 194:

scelus an-helare,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 1:

moliri,

id. Att. 7, 11, 1:

edere,

id. Phil. 13, 9, 21; cf.:

edere in aliquem,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

suscipere,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 2:

scelere se alligare,

id. Fl. 17, 41:

scelere astringi,

id. Sest. 50, 108:

scelere obstringi,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71:

obrui,

Liv. 3, 19 et saep.—

With gen. obj.:

scelus legatorum contra jus gentium interfectorum,

the crime of murdering their deputies, Liv. 4, 32.—Prov.:

vulgo dicitur: Scelera non habere consilium,

Quint. 7, 2, 44.—

Transf.

Of animals or inanimate things (post-Aug.; perh. only in Plin.), a bad quality, vicious nature, a vice, fault: nec bestiarum solum ad nocendum scelera [p. 1641] sunt, sed interim aquarum quoque et locorum, Plin. 25, 3, 6, § 20:

maximum salamandrae,

id. 29, 4, 23, § 74:

Scythae sagittas tingunt viperină sanie... inremediabile id scelus,

id. 11, 53, 115, § 279.—

Concr., in vulgar lang. as a term of reproach, rascal, scoundrel, villain, rogue; and of women, drab, baggage, etc.: minime miror, navis si fracta tibi, Scelus te et sceleste parta quae vexit bona, Plant. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Am. 2, 1, 7; id. Bacch. 5, 1, 9; id. Mil. 3, 2, 14; 3, 2, 27; id. Pers. 4, 9, 6; Ter. And. 2, 1, 17; 4, 1, 42; id. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Ad. 5, 1, 6; 5, 1, 12 al.; cf.:

scelus viri,

you scoundrel of a man, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.— With a masc. pron.:

is me scelus attondit, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 9:

ubi illic est scelus, quid me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; cf.:

scelus, quemnam hic laudat?

id. ib. 5, 2, 3.—

In Plaut., Ter., and Mart., a mishap (qs. arising from wickedness), a misfortune, calamity (cf. sceleratus, B. 2., and scelestus, II.):

perdidi unum filium puerum quadrimum... Major potitus hostium est: quod hoc est scelus!

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 104: Pa. Quid hoc est sceleris? Ch. Perii, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 34 Ruhnk.; Mart. 7, 14, 1.—

A natural catastrophe: scelera naturae, i. e. earthquakes, inundations, etc., Plin. 2, 93, 95, § 206.