to+undergo

pendo, pĕpendi, pensum, 3 (pendissent, for pependissent, Liv. 45, 26 fin.:

penderit for pependerit,

Paul. Nol. Carm. 14, 122), v. a. and n. [etym. dub.; cf. root sphad-, sphendonê, a sling; Lat. funda].— Lit., to cause to hang down, to suspend; esp. of scales in weighing.

Act., to weigh, weigh out.

Lit. (very rare: syn. penso, expendo): unumquodque verbum staterā aurariā pendere, Varr. ap. Non. 455, 21: da pensam lanam, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 21; Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 39, read repensum: aere gravi cum uterentur Romani, penso eo, non numerato debitum solvebant, Fest. s. v. pendere, p. 208 Müll.:

pensas examinat herbas,

Ov. M. 14, 270.—

Transf., to pay, pay out (because, in the earliest times, payments were made by weighing out the metals; v. in the preced. the passage from Fest.;

class.): militis stipendia ideo, quod eam stipem pendebant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.:

Achaei ingentem pecuniam pendunt L. Pisoni quotannis,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 3, 5; id. Att. 12, 25, 1:

vectigal populo Romano,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23:

vectigal,

Liv. 25, 8:

tributum pro navibus,

Tac. A. 13, 51:

pretium,

id. ib. 2, 87:

coria boum in usus militares,

id. ib. 4, 72:

mercedem alicui,

Juv. 3, 15.— Absol.:

pro pabulo pendunt,

pay, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.— Impers. pass.:

iterumque imperii nostri publicanis penditur,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.—As punishments consisted of fines in money or cattle: pendere poenas, supplicia, etc., signified to pay, suffer, undergo a penalty:

pendere poenas solvere significat,

Fest. p. 268 Müll.:

Syrus mihi tergo poenas pendet,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae,

Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1:

satis pro temeritate unius hominis suppliciorum pensum esse,

Liv. 34, 61:

capitis poenas,

Ov. F. 3, 845:

poenas violatae religionis sanguine et caedibus,

Just. 8, 2, 4:

magna supplicia perfidiae,

id. 11, 4, 2:

crimen, culpam,

Val. Fl. 4, 477.—Rarely in this signif. absol., to suffer any thing ( poet.):

tuis nam pendit in arvis Delius,

Val. Fl. 1, 445.—

Trop.

To weigh mentally, to ponder, consider, deliberate upon, decide (class.;

syn.: pensito, trutinor): vos eam (rem) suo, non nominis pondere penditote,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:

in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur,

id. Or. 16, 51:

causam ex veritate,

id. Quint. 1, 5:

rem levi conjecturā,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62.—

To value, esteem, regard a thing; with gen. of the value (mostly ante-class. and poet.):

neque cum me magni pendere visum'st,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 12:

aliquem,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 25:

quem tu vidisse beatus Non magni pendis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 93:

nec jam religio divum neque numina magni Pendebantur,

Lucr. 6, 1277:

unice unum plurimi pendit,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

te volturium vocant: Hostisne an civis comedis, parvi pendere,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 64 sq.:

nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam,

lightly esteem, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 29; so,

parvi,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 46; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 37; id. Hec. 3, 5, 63:

minoris pendo tergum illorum, quam meum,

care less for, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 29:

aliquem minoris,

id. ib. 1, 3, 58:

aliquem nihili,

id. ib. 1, 3, 88:

nihili,

id. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Trin. 3, 1, 6; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 6; cf.:

non flocci pendere,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 21:

sese experturum, quanti sese penderem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 44:

tu illum numquam ostendisti quanti penderes,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 103.—

(Acc. to A. 2.) To pay, render ( poet.):

dignas pendere grates,

Stat. Th. 11, 223.—

Neutr., to weigh ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tantundem pendere par est,

Lucr. 1, 361:

talentum ne minus pondo octoginta Romanis ponderibus pendat,

Liv. 38, 38, 13; Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 44; id. 30, 48 fin., § 93; id. 18, 7, 12, § 66; id. 31, 6, 31, § 58 (in Sen. Ep. 66, 30, read pendent).—Hence, pensus, a, um, P. a., lit. weighed; hence, trop., esteemed, valued, prized, dear (as P. a. not in Cic. or Cæs.):

utra condicio pensior, Virginemne an viduam habere?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 61: ut nihil quicquam esset carius pensiusque nobis quam nosmetipsi, Taurus ap. Gell. 12, 5, 7.—Esp., as subst.: pensum, i, n., something weighed.

Weight, consideration, scruple, importance, only in gen. sing.: nihil pensi habere aliquid, to lay no weight or stress upon a thing, to attach no value to, be indifferent to, care nothing about:

sua parvi pendere, aliena cupere,... nihil pensi neque moderati habere,

Sall. C. 12, 2:

nihil pensi neque sancti habere,

id. J. 41, 9:

neque id quibus modis assequeretur, quicquam pensi habebat,

id. C. 5, 6:

prorsus neque dicere, neque facere quicquam pensi habebat,

id. ib. 23, 2:

nihil pensi habuit, quin, etc.,

Suet. Dom. 12; id. Ner. 34:

ut neque fas neque fidem pensi haberet,

Tac. A. 13, 15: aliquid ratum pensumque habere, Att. Capitol. ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2. —So, non pensi ducere (very rare), Val. Max. 2, 9, 3.—Also, non adest or est alicui pensi: nec mihi adest tantillum pensi jam, quos capiam calceos, I don't care in the least, am perfectly indifferent, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 52:

sed illis nec quid dicerent, nec quid facerent, quicquam umquam pensi fuisse,

they never cared at all, Liv. 34, 49:

quibus si quicquam pensi umquam fuisset, non ea consilia de republicā habuissent,

if they had ever had regard for any considerations, Sall. C. 52, 34. —

Prop., the wool weighed out to a slave to spin in a day; hence, a day's work in spinning, and, in gen., spinning, a spinner's task.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and poet.):

pensum facere,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 63; id. Men. 5, 2, 45:

nocturna carpentes pensa puellae,

Verg. G. 1, 391:

carmine quo captae dum fusis mollia pensa Devolvunt, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 348:

famulasque ad lumina longo Exercet penso,

id. A. 8, 412; Prop. 3, 15, (4, 14), 15:

castrensia,

i. e. for military garments, id. 4 (5), 3, 33:

pensa manu ducunt,

Juv. 12, 65:

lanificam revocas ad sua pensa manum,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 24; id. H. 3, 75; Just. 1, 3, 2.— Poet., a thread spun by the Fates:

durae peragunt pensa sorores,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 181:

jamque in fine dies et inexorabile pensum Deficit,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 172: mortale resolvere, to unbind his mortal thread, i. e. to make him immortal, Calp. Ecl. 4, 137.—

Trop., a charge, duty, office (so in Cic.; cf.:

ministerium, munus, officium): pensum meum lepide accurabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 33; cf.:

meum confeci,

id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:

absolvere,

to perform one's duty, Varr. R. R. 2, 2:

me ad meum munus pensumque revocabo,

Cic. de Or. 3, 30, 119; id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109:

nominis familiaeque,

Liv. 4, 52:

operis sui peragere,

Col. 3, 10, 7.—Hence, adv.: pensē, carefully, considerately (post-class.): pensius, Flav. ap. Symm. Ep. 2, 34.

per-fungor, functus, v. dep. n.

Lit., to fulfil, perform, discharge (class.).

With abl.:

munere quodam necessitatis, et gravi opere perfungimur,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

honoribus amplissimis et laboribus maximis,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 3:

rei publicae muneribus,

id. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

rebus amplissimis,

id. Brut. 2, 8.—

With acc. (post-Aug.): onera quaestoria perfunctus est, Front. Ep. ad Verum, 7.—

Transf.

To go through, undergo, endure; to get through with, get rid of.

With abl.:

pericula, quibus nos perfuncti sumus,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4:

molestiā,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

fato,

Gell. 10, 18, 3:

vitā,

i. e. to die, Lucr. 3, 982.—

With ab (ante-class.): sues perfunctas esse a febri, et a foriā, are free from, etc., Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 5.—(Others omit the prep. a.)—

With acc.:

timorem illum satis inanem perfuncti,

App. M. 8, p. 208, 41:

omnia perfunctus vitai praemia marces,

Lucr. 3, 956; cf.:

zeugma multa pro aliquo perpessus atque perfunctus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.—

Absol.:

jam perfunctus sum, explevi animos invidorum,

I have gone through it, have stood it out, Cic. Dom. 17, 44:

judices, quod se perfunctos jam esse arbitrantur, cum de reo judicarunt, neglegentius attendunt cetera,

Cic. Clu. 41, 116.—In a pass. signif.:

memoria perfuncti periculi,

Cic. Sest. 4, 10.—

To enjoy (very rare).

With abl.: omnibus bonis, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5:

epulis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 227.—

Absol.:

dum aetas tempus tulit, perfuncta satis sum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 18.

pōcŭlum (contr. pōclum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 80; 89; Arn. 5, 175), i, n. [from root po-, pot; Gr. pinô, v. potus].

Lit., a drinking-vessel, a cup, goblet, bowl, beaker (class.;

syn.: calix, cyathus): et nobis idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit, Verg. E: 3, 44: poculum grande,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 89:

magnis poculis aliquem invitare,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 32:

exhaurire poculum,

to empty, Cic. Clu. 11, 31; so,

ducere,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 21:

siccare,

Petr. 92:

poscunt majoribus poculis (sc. bibere),

out of goblets, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

stans extra poculum caper,

i.e. in relief, Juv. 1, 76; cf. id. 5, 43.—Prov.:

eodem poculo bibere,

i. e. to undergo the same sufferings, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 52.—

Transf.

A drink, draught, potion (mostly poet.):

si semel poculum amoris accepit meri,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 22:

salsa pocula,

sea-water, id. Rud. 2, 7, 31:

pocula sunt fontes liquidi,

Verg. G. 3, 529:

amoris poculum,

i. e. a philter, Hor. Epod. 5, 38; also,

desiderii,

id. ib. 17, 80:

prae poculis nescientes,

through drunkenness, Flor. 2, 10, 2:

pocula praegustare,

Juv. 6, 633:

poculum ex vino,

Vulg. Cant. 8, 2.—

A drinking-bout, a carouse (class.):

in ipsis tuis immanibus poculis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 63; cf.:

is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis,

while drinking, id. Sen. 14, 46.—

A draught of poison, alicui poculum dare, Cic. Clu. 10, 30; Ov. M. 14, 295; Val. Fl. 2, 155.

pōcŭlum (contr. pōclum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 80; 89; Arn. 5, 175), i, n. [from root po-, pot; Gr. pinô, v. potus].

Lit., a drinking-vessel, a cup, goblet, bowl, beaker (class.;

syn.: calix, cyathus): et nobis idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit, Verg. E: 3, 44: poculum grande,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 89:

magnis poculis aliquem invitare,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 32:

exhaurire poculum,

to empty, Cic. Clu. 11, 31; so,

ducere,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 21:

siccare,

Petr. 92:

poscunt majoribus poculis (sc. bibere),

out of goblets, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

stans extra poculum caper,

i.e. in relief, Juv. 1, 76; cf. id. 5, 43.—Prov.:

eodem poculo bibere,

i. e. to undergo the same sufferings, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 52.—

Transf.

A drink, draught, potion (mostly poet.):

si semel poculum amoris accepit meri,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 22:

salsa pocula,

sea-water, id. Rud. 2, 7, 31:

pocula sunt fontes liquidi,

Verg. G. 3, 529:

amoris poculum,

i. e. a philter, Hor. Epod. 5, 38; also,

desiderii,

id. ib. 17, 80:

prae poculis nescientes,

through drunkenness, Flor. 2, 10, 2:

pocula praegustare,

Juv. 6, 633:

poculum ex vino,

Vulg. Cant. 8, 2.—

A drinking-bout, a carouse (class.):

in ipsis tuis immanibus poculis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 63; cf.:

is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis,

while drinking, id. Sen. 14, 46.—

A draught of poison, alicui poculum dare, Cic. Clu. 10, 30; Ov. M. 14, 295; Val. Fl. 2, 155.

rĕ-volvo, volvi, vŏlūtum, 3, v. a., to roll back; to unroll, unwind; to revolve, return (class.; esp. freq. since the Aug. per.).

Lit.

In gen.:

Draco revolvens Sese, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 106: (pelagus) gelidum ab imo fluctum revolvit in partem superiorem,

Col. 8, 17, 1:

fluctus (hibernus auster),

Tac. A. 6, 33:

retro Aestum (ventus),

Sen. Agam. 487:

retro sua fila (Sorores),

id. Herc. Fur. 182; cf.:

inmites scis nulla revolvere Parcas Stamina,

Stat. Th. 7, 774:

lapidem,

Vulg. Matt. 28, 2. — Poet.:

(pontus) aestu revoluta resorbens Saxa,

i. e. from which the waves are rolled back, Verg. A. 11, 627:

addiderat Civilis obliquam in Rhenum molem, cujus objectu revolutus amnis adjacentibus superfunderetur,

Tac. H. 5, 14:

rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens Fallacis silvae,

going over again, Verg. A. 9, 391:

revoluta aequora,

id. ib. 10, 660 Wagn. —

Mid., to come or go back, to revolve, return, etc. (syn. revertor):

itaque revolvor identidem in Tusculanum,

Cic. Att. 13, 26, 1:

ter sese attollens cubitoque annixa levavit: Ter revoluta toro est,

fell back, sank back, Verg. A. 4, 691:

spissā jacuit revolutus harenā,

id. ib. 5, 336:

revoluta rursus eodem est,

Ov. M. 10, 63 (a little before: relapsa est).— Poet., of returning time:

dies,

Verg. A. 10, 256:

saecula,

Ov. F. 4, 29; cf.:

centesimā revolvente se lunā,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 217:

saecula revolvuntur,

Claud. Phoen. 104.—

In partic., to unroll, turn over, read over, repeat (not ante-Aug.;

syn. verso): tuas adversus te Origines revolvam,

Liv. 34, 5:

taedium illud et scripta et lecta saepius revolvendi,

Quint. 11, 2, 41:

cum loca jam recitata revolvimus irrevocati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223:

antiqua,

Sil. 8, 49; Mart. 6, 64, 15; 11, 1, 4.—

Trop.

In gen.:

in iis, quae denominata sunt, summa paupertas in eadem nos frequentissime revolvit,

leads back, Quint. 12, 10, 34: iterum revolvere casus Iliacos, to go through again, to undergo or experience again, Verg. A. 10, 61.—

Mid., to return to any thing; with in:

in eandem vitam te revolutum denuo Video esse,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 69; cf.:

in luxuriam,

Just. 30, 1, 7:

in metus,

Sen. Thyest. 418:

in ista,

Ov. M. 10, 335:

animus in sollicitudinem revolutus est,

Curt. 4, 10, 31: iterum in pejora revolvi, [p. 1592] Sil. 14, 174:

rursus in veterem fato revoluta figuram,

Verg. A. 6, 449.— With ad:

omnia necessario a tempore atque homine ad communes rerum et generum summas revolventur,

Cic. de Or 2, 31, 135:

ad patris revolvor sententiam,

id. Ac. 2, 48, 148:

ad ejus causae seposita argumenta revolvi nos oportet,

id. de Or 2, 30, 130:

ad illa elementa,

id. Rep. 1, 24, 38:

ad dispensationem annonae,

Liv. 4, 12 fin.:

ad vana et totiens irrisa,

Tac. A. 4, 9:

ad memoriam conjugii et infantiam liberorum,

id. ib. 11, 34:

ad vitia,

id. ib. 16, 18:

ad irritum (labor et victoria),

id. H. 3, 26:

rursus ad superstitionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 8.— With adv.:

primum eodem revolveris,

Cic. Div. 2, 5, 13:

eo, quo minime volt, revolvitur,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

cum majore periculo eodem revolvuntur,

Cels. 7, 26, 2; cf.:

eo revolvi rem, ut, etc.,

Liv. 5, 11.—

In partic., to relate again, repeat; to brood or reflect upon (not anteAug.):

sed quid ego haec nequicquam ingrata revolvo?

Verg. A. 2, 101:

facta,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 35:

dicta factaque ejus secum,

Tac. Agr. 46:

iras in animo,

id. A. 4, 21; 3, 18:

visa,

Ov. F. 4, 667 (with secum jussa refert):

curas (animus),

Sen. Oedip. 764 (with repetit metus).

sentĭo, si, sum, 4 ( perf. sync. sensti, Ter. And. 5, 3, 11), v. a.

Physically.

In gen., to discern by the senses; to feel, hear, see, etc.; to perceive, be sensible of (syn. percipio).

With acc.:

calorem et frigus,

Lucr. 1, 496; cf.:

duritiem saxi,

id. 4, 268; 3, 381 sq.: feram nare sagaci (venaticā), Enn. ap. Fest. p. 177 Müll. (Ann. v. 346 Vahl.):

varios rerum odores,

Lucr. 1, 298:

sucum in ore,

id. 4, 617 sq.:

suavitatem cibi,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

varios rerum colores,

Lucr. 4, 492:

sonitum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 69:

nil aegri,

Lucr. 3, 832:

utrumque (calorem et frigus) manu,

id. 1, 496:

famem,

Liv. 25, 13:

morbos articularios,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 39.—In mal. part.:

sensit delphina Melantho,

Ov. M. 6, 120.— Pass.:

posse prius ad angustias veniri, quam sentirentur,

before they should be observed, Caes. B. C. 1, 67.—

With inf. or an, object-clause:

sei movero me seu secari sensero,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 40: sentio aperiri fores. id. Truc. 2, 3, 29:

nec quisquam moriens sentire videtur, Ire foras animam,

Lucr. 3, 607:

sentire sonare,

id. 4, 229 Munro.—

Absol.:

perpetuo quoniam sentimus,

Lucr. 4, 228; 6, 935; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 77:

qui (homines) corruant, sed ita, ut ne vicini quidem sentiant,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21.—

Of things:

pupula cum sentire colorem dicitur album,

Lucr. 2, 811 sq. — Absol.:

haud igitur aures per se possunt sentire,

Lucr. 3, 633:

si quis corpus sentire refutat,

id. 3, 350; 3, 354; cf. id. 3, 552; 3, 625.—

In partic.

To perceive the effects (esp. the ill effects) of any thing; to feel, experience, suffer, undergo, endure:

sentiet, qui vir siem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 21:

jam curabo sentiat, Quos attentarit,

Phaedr. 5, 2, 6:

quid ipse ad Avaricum sensisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52; cf. Liv. 45, 28, 6:

Centupirini etiam ceterarum civitatum damna ac detrimenta senserunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 45, § 108; id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 38; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 127:

tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 10:

(Apollinem) vindicem,

id. ib. 4, 6, 3:

caecos motus orientis austri,

id. ib. 3, 27, 22:

contracta aequora (pisces),

id. ib. 3, 1, 33:

prima arma nostra (Salyi),

Flor. 3, 2, 3:

sentire paulatim belli mala,

Tac. H. 1, 89:

famem,

Liv. 25, 13, 1; Curt. 9, 10, 11:

damnum,

Liv. 2, 64, 6:

cladem belli,

id. 35, 33, 6:

inopiam rerum omnium,

id. 43, 22, 10; 44. 7, 6:

incommoda belli,

id. 44, 14, 10:

lassitudo jam et sitis sentiebatur,

id. 44, 36, 2:

ubi primum dolorem aliquis sentit,

Cels. 6, 7 init.; cf. Lact. 7, 20, 7:

cujus ulceris dolorem sentire etiam spectantes videntur,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 59:

corporis aegri vitia sentire,

Curt. 8, 10, 29:

qui in urbe se commoverit... sentiet, in hac urbe esse consules vigilantes, esse egregios magistratus, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27; cf. id. Sest. 28, 69; Ov. M. 13, 864.— Absol.:

iste tuus ipse sentiet Posterius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 59.—Of beasts, etc.:

oves penuriam sentiunt,

Col. 7, 9, 3 sq.:

frigus aut aestum,

id. 7, 4, 7:

praegelidam hiemem omnes pisces sentiunt,

Plin. 9, 16, 24, § 57.—

Of things, to be affected or influenced by:

meae istuc scapulae sentiunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 25; Liv. 9, 37:

transitum exercitus (ager),

id. 9, 41, 58:

pestilentem Africum (Fecunda vitis),

Hor. C. 3, 23, 5:

lacus et mare amorem Festinantis eri,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 84:

alnos fluvii cavatas,

Verg. G. 1, 136 al.; cf. Plin. Pan. 31, 5:

carbunculi cum ipsi non sentiant ignes,

Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 92:

eadem (gemma) sola nobilium limam sentit,

is affected by, id. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

cum amnis sentit aestatem, et ad minimum deductus est,

Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 1:

miramur quod accessionem fluminum maria non sentiant,

id. Q. N. 3, 4: illa primum saxa auctum fluminis sentiunt, id. ib. 4, 2, 7:

totum mare sentit exortum ejus sideris,

Plin. 9, 16, 25, § 58:

caseus vetustatem,

id. 11, 42, 97, § 242:

herba cariem,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 28:

ferrum robiginem,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 143. —

In the elder Pliny, to be susceptible of, to be subject or liable to a disease:

morbos,

Plin. 9, 49, 73, § 156:

rabiem,

id. 8, 18, 26, § 68:

cariem,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 28.—

Mentally.

Lit., to feel, perceive, observe, notice (syn. intellego).

With acc.:

id jam pridem sensi et subolet mihi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 7; so,

quid,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 39:

quando Aesculapi ita sentio sententiam,

I observe, understand, id. Curc. 2, 1, 2:

primus sentio mala nostra,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

numquam illum ne minimā quidem re offendi, quod quidem senserim,

that I have perceived, Cic. Lael. 27, 103:

ut cui bene quid processerit, multum illum providisse, cui secus, nihil sensisse dicamus,

id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:

praesentia numina sentit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 134; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 162; id. C. S. 73 et saep.:

de victoriā atque exitu rerum sentire,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52:

omnia me illa sentire quae dicerem, nec tantum sentire, sed amare,

Sen. Ep. 75, 3:

illum sensisse quae scripsit,

id. ib. 100, 11.— Poet.:

ut vestram sentirent aequora curam,

Ov. M. 5, 557:

nec inania Tartara sentit,

i. e. does not die, id. ib. 12, 619.—

With inf. or an obj.-clause:

quoniam sentio errare (eum),

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 16:

hoc vir excellenti providentiā sensit ac vidit, non esse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3, 5:

suspicionem populi sensit moveri,

id. ib. 2, 31, 54:

quod quid cogitent, me scire sentiunt, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 3, 5 sq.:

postquam nihil esse pericli Sensimus,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 58:

non nisi oppressae senserunt (civitates), etc.,

Just. 8, 1, 2.—

With rel.- or interrog.-clause:

scio ego et sentio ipse, quid agam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 13:

jam dudum equidem sentio, suspicio Quae te sollicitet,

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 49:

quoniam sentio, Quae res gereretur,

id. ib. 2, 3, 56:

si quid est in me ingenii, quod sentio quam sit exiguum,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1:

ex quo fonte hauriam, sentio,

id. ib. 6, 13:

victrices catervae Sensere, quid mens rite, quid indoles... Posset,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 25.—With the indic., in a rel.clause:

sentio, quam rem agitis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 14.—

With de:

hostes postea quam de profectione eorum senserunt,

became aware of their retreat, Caes. B. G. 5, 32; 7, 52.—

With nom. of part. ( poet.):

sensit terrae sola maculans,

Cat. 63, 6:

sensit medios delapsus in hostis,

Verg. A. 2, 377.—

Absol.:

vehementer mihi est irata: sentio atque intellego,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 64; cf. id. Trin. 3, 2, 72; id. Mil. 2, 6, 97:

mentes sapientium cum e corpore excessissent sentire ac vigere (opp. carere sensu),

Cic. Sest. 21, 47; cf. id. Rep. 6, 24, 26:

(Aristoteles) paeana probat eoque ait uti omnes, sed ipsos non sentire cum utantur,

id. Or. 57, 193; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 52:

priusquam hostes sentirent,

Liv. 34, 14; 2, 25; 22, 4.— Impers. pass.:

non ut dictum est, in eo genere intellegitur, sed ut sensum est,

Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168.—

To feel, experience (with acc. of the feeling;

rare): quidquid est quod sensum habet, id necesse est sentiat et voluptatem et dolorem,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 36:

tenesne memoriā quantum senseris gaudium, cum, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 4, 2:

non sentire amisso amico dolorem,

id. ib. 99, 26;

121, 7: victoriae tantae gaudium sentire,

Liv. 44, 44, 3; cf.:

segnius homines bona quam mala sentire,

id. 30, 21, 6.—

Transf. (in consequence of mental perception), to think, deem, judge, opine, imagine, suppose (syn.:

opinor, arbitror): si ita sensit, ut loquitur, est homo impurus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 21, 32; cf.:

jocansne an ita sentiens,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

fleri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, et id quod sentit, polite eloqui non possit,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6:

humiliter demisseque sentire,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

tecum aperte, quod sentio, loquar,

id. Rep. 1, 10, 15; cf.:

quod sentio scribere,

id. Fam. 15, 16, 3:

causa est haec sola, in quā omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 14:

idemque et unum sentire,

Suet. Ner. 43:

sapiens de dis immortalibus sine ullo metu vera sentit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62.—With acc. and inf.:

idem, quod ego, sentit, te esse huic rei caput,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 29; cf.:

nos quidem hoc sentimus: si, etc.... non esse cunctandum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

voluptatem hanc esse sentiunt omnes,

id. Fin. 2, [p. 1673] 3, 6 Madv. ad loc.:

sensit in omni disputatione id fieri oportere,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4; 5, 8, 23; id. Tusc. 5, 28, 82; id. Att. 7, 6, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

sic decerno, sic sentio, sic affirmo, nullam rerum publicarum conferendam esse cum eā, quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70.—With two acc. (very rare):

aliquem bonum civem,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125 (cf. id. Fin. 2, 3, 0, supra, where Orell. omits esse).—With de and abl.:

cum de illo genere rei publicae quae sentio dixero,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65; so,

quid de re publicā,

id. ib. 1, 21, 34;

1, 38, 60: quid de quo,

id. ib. 1, 11:

quid gravius de vobis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 4; Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19; cf.:

qui omnia de re publicā praeclara atque egregia sentirent,

were full of the most noble and generous sentiments, id. Cat. 3, 2, 5:

mirabiliter de te et loquuntur et sentiunt,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5:

male de illo,

Quint. 2, 2, 12: sentire cum aliquo, to agree with one in opinion:

tecum sentio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 24; id. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

cum Caesare sentire,

Cic. Att. 7, 1, 3; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf.:

nae iste haud mecum sentit,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24: ab aliquo sentire, to dissent from, disagree with:

abs te seorsum sentio,

judge otherwise, think differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 52: ut abs te seorsus sentiam De uxoriā re, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.: Gr. Omnia istaec facile patior, dum hic hinc a me sentiat. Tr. Atqui nunc abs te stat, is on my side, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 56 (cf. ab); cf.

also: qui aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat,

Liv. 24, 45, 3.—

In partic., publicists' and jurid. t. t., to give one's opinion concerning any thing; to vote, declare, decide (syn. censeo):

sedens iis assensi, qui mihi lenissime sentire visi sunt,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 9; 11, 21, 2; 3, 8, 9:

quae vult Hortensius omnia dicat et sentiat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76:

si judices pro causā meā senserint,

decided in my favor, Gell. 5, 10, 14; cf.: in illam partem ite quā sentitis, Vet. Form. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 20.—Hence, sensa, ōrum, n. (acc. to II. B.).

Thoughts, notions, ideas, conceptions (class. but very rare):

sententiam veteres, quod animo sensissent, vocaverunt... Non raro tamen et sic locuti sunt, ut sensa sua dicerent: nam sensus corporis videbantur, etc.,

Quint. 8, 5, 1:

exprimere dicendo sensa,

Cic. de Or 1, 8, 32:

sensa mentis et consilia verbis explicare,

id. ib. 3, 14, 55.—

Opinions, doctrines (late Lat.):

sensa et inventa Disarii,

Macr. S. 7, 5, 4.

suc-curro ( subc-), curri, cursum, 3, v. n., to run under.

Lit.

In gen.: tempore eodem aliud nequeat succurrere lunae Corpus, * Lucr. 5, 763; cf.: pagus Succusanus, quod succurrit Carinis, runs, i. e. lies under or behind, Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.—

In partic., to run or hasten to the aid or assistance of one; to help, aid, assist, succor (the predom. and class, signif.;

syn.: subvenio, adjuvo, sublevo): ut laborantibus succurrat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 169:

saluti fortunisque communibus,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

succurrit illi Varenus et laboranti subvenit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

laborantibus,

id. B. C. 2, 6; Sall. C. 60, 4:

afflictis semper,

Nep. Att. 11:

suis cedentibus auxilio,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80:

domino,

Cic. Mil. 10, 29: oppido, Auct. B. Afr. 5, 1.—

Of things, to be useful for, good against:

tantis malis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 70. —

Esp., of medicines: cannabis succurrit alvo jumentorum,

helps, relieves, Plin. 20, 23, 97, § 259:

strangulationibus (crethmos),

id. 26, 15, 90, § 158:

venenis fungorum (nitrum),

id. 31, 10, 46, § 119: dum succurrere humanis erroribus cupiunt, ipsi se in errores maximos induxerunt, Lact. 1, 3, 8.— Impers. pass.:

se confidere munitionibus oppidi, si celeriter succurratur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80; 3, 52; Liv. 3, 58; Cels. 8, 4; Plin. 23, 1, 27, § 56; Quint. 10, 7, 2:

paratae lites: succurrendum'st,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 6.—

Trop.

In gen.:

licet undique omnes in me terrores periculaque impendeant omnia, succurram atque subibo,

I will encounter and undergo them, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31.—

In partic., to come into the mind, occur to one (class.; esp. freq. after the Aug. period;

syn. subit): ut quidque succurrit, libet scribere,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: illud etiam mihi succurrebat, grave esse, etc., id. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 6:

alicui,

Liv. 6, 12; Quint. 3, 4, 6; 8, 3, 81 et saep.: succurrit versus ille Homericus, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.—Impers.:

non succurrit tibi, quamdiu circum Bactra haereas,

Curt. 7, 8, 21:

neque cuiquam facile succurrat,

Suet. Tit. 10.—With inf.:

et illud annotare succurrit, unum omnino, etc.,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 157:

mirari succurrit,

id. 17, 1, 1, § 1; 34, 18, 51, § 171.

sŭb-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre ( perf. subīvit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155: subivimus, Claud. ap. Tac. A. 11, 24 dub.), v. n. and a., to come or go under any thing; to come or go up to, to approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; to come or go on; to follow, succeed; to go down, sink; to come up, spring up (cf. succedo).

Lit.

In gen.:

subire sub falas,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 10:

in nemoris latebras,

Ov. M. 4, 601; cf.: in aliquem locum, to enter, Auct. B. Alex. 74, 4:

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12, 1:

in adversos montes,

id. 41, 18, 11:

testudine factā subeunt,

advance, Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 7:

Albani subiere ad montes,

Liv. 1, 28, 5:

subire ad portam castrorum,

id. 34, 16, 2; cf.:

ad urbem subeunt,

id. 31, 45, 4; 39, 27, 10; 36, 19, 1; and:

subeundum erat ad hostes,

id. 2, 31, 4:

ad tecta subibant,

Verg. A. 8, 359.—With dat.:

muro subibant,

Verg. A. 7, 161; so,

muro,

id. ib. 9, 371:

portu Chaonio (with accedere urbem),

id. ib. 3, 292:

luco,

id. ib. 8, 125:

dumis,

Sil. 5, 283:

ingenti feretro,

Verg. A. 6, 222:

age cervici inponere nostrae: Ipse subibo umeris,

id. ib. 2, 708:

per vices subeunt elephanti,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

pone subit conjux,

follows, Verg. A. 2, 725; so Val. Fl. 4, 197; cf.:

dexterae alae sinistra subiit,

Liv. 27, 2, 7:

subeuntis alii aliis in custodiam,

id. 25, 37, 6; and:

subiit argentea proles,

Ov. M. 1, 114:

subit ipse meumque Explet opus,

succeeds me, takes my place, id. ib. 3, 648:

Volscus saxa objacentia pedibus ingerit in subeuntes,

climbing, Liv. 2, 65, 4:

vel eodem amne vel Euphrate subire eos posse,

i. e. sail up stream, Curt. 9, 10, 3; cf.:

adverso amne Babylona subituros,

id. 10, 1, 16.—

Of things:

stamen a stando: subtemen, quod subit stamini,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.:

cum luna sub orbem solis subisset,

Liv. 37, 4, 4:

tertio die mixtum flumini subibat mare,

Curt. 9, 9, 7:

venae nonnumquam incipiente febre subeunt,

the pulse sinks, Cels. 3, 6 med.:

subeunt herbae,

come up, spring up, Verg. G. 1, 180; so,

barba,

i. e. sprouts, grows, Mart. 7, 83, 2:

subisse aquam in caelum,

Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 32.—

In partic., to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into ( poet.), Prop. 1, 9, 26; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 1, 742.—

Trop.

In gen., to come in, succeed, take place; to enter stealthily, come secretly or by degrees: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae impietas, perfidia, impudentia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 27:

fugere pudor verumque fidesque: In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique,

Ov. M. 1, 130:

pulchra subit facies,

id. ib. 14, 827:

subit ecce priori Causa recens,

id. ib. 3, 259:

an subit (amor) et tacitā callidus arte nocet?

id. Am. 1, 2, 6: subeunt morbi [p. 1775] tristisque senectus, Verg. G. 3, 67:

namque graves morbi subeunt segnisque senectus,

Nemes. Cyn. 117; cf.:

duo pariter subierunt incommoda,

arise, come up, Quint. 5, 10, 100:

ne subeant animo taedia justa tuo,

Ov. P. 4, 15, 30:

regio, quā vero ipsa subit ad Medos,

approaches, Plin. 6, 26, 29, § 115. —

In partic., to come into the mind, to occur, suggest itself:

omnes sententiae verbaque omnia sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 151:

cum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, quae in his fecerimus, reminiscimur personaeque subeunt,

Quint. 11, 2, 17:

cum subeant audita aut cognita nobis,

Ov. M. 15, 307:

subit umbra,

id. ib. 12, 591:

subeunt illi fratresque parensque,

id. ib. 11. 542:

subiit cari genitoris imago... subiit deserta Creusa Et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli,

Verg. A. 2, 560 sq.; Tac. A. 1, 13:

subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo,

Ov. H. 18, 62:

ne subeant animo taedia,

id. P. 4, 15, 30:

quantum subire animo sustinueris, tantum tecum auferas,

to grasp with the mind, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 7.—

Subit, with subj. - or rel.-clause ( poet. and in postAug. prose), Ov. M. 2, 755:

quo magis ac magis admirari subit,

Plin. 12, prooem. § 2;

35, 7, 31, § 49: misereri sortis humanae subit,

id. 25, 3, 7, § 23:

quid sim, quid fuerimque subit,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 38.

Lit.

In gen., to come or go under, to enter; to submit to; to approach, etc.:

exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos XIV. tectum non subissent,

had not come under a roof, Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

tecta,

Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 6, 669:

jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta,

Verg. A. 6, 13:

limina victor Alcides subiit,

id. ib. 8, 363:

domos,

Ov. M. 1, 121:

penates,

id. ib. 5, 650:

macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33:

cum novies subiere paludem,

had plunged under, Ov. M. 15, 358; id. F. 1, 314:

et juncti currum dominae subiere leones,

Verg. A. 3, 313:

leones jugum subeant,

Plin. 10, 45, 62, § 128:

asellus gravius dorso subiit onus,

i. e. submits to, receives, Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

subire iniquissimum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27: iniquum locum, Auct. B. Alex. 76, 2; id. B. Hisp. 24, 3:

collem,

to go up, mount, climb, scale, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

consules utrimque aciem subeuntium jam muros adgrediuntur,

Liv. 7, 12, 3:

muros,

id. 27, 18:

impositum saxis Anxur,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 25:

si subeuntur prospera castra,

Juv. 16, 2 et saep.:

perfurit, Fadumque Herbesumque subit,

comes up to, attacks, assails, Verg. A. 9, 344; cf.:

interim fallendus est judex et variis artibus subeundus,

Quint. 4, 5, 5:

precibus commota Tonantem Juno subit,

approaches, Stat. Th. 9, 510:

subit ille minantem,

id. ib. 8, 84:

Aeneae mucronem,

Verg. A. 10, 798:

qui procul hostium conspectu subibant aquam,

Curt. 4, 13, 10:

Hispo subit juvenes, i. e. paedicat,

Juv. 2, 50.—

Of things:

umbra subit terras,

Ov. M. 11, 61:

quos (lucos) aquae subeunt et aurae,

enter, Hor. C. 3, 4, 8:

montes Trasimenus,

Liv. 22, 4, 2:

litora pelagus, Mel. praef. 2: mare quod Ciliciam subit,

Curt. 7, 3, 19:

radices (petrae) Indus amnis subit,

id. 8, 11, 7:

clarus subit Alba Latinum,

succeeds, Ov. M. 14, 612 (al. clarus subit ecce Latinum Epytus); cf. id. ib. 1, 114:

furcas subiere columnae,

come into the place of, succeed, id. ib. 8, 700:

aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui,

rises to, reaches, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57:

lunamque deficere cum aut terram subiret aut sole premeretur,

Curt. 4, 10, 5.—

In partic., to approach secretly, to steal upon or into (cf. supra, I. A. 2.):

multi Nomine divorum thalamos subiere pudicos,

Ov. M. 3, 282:

subit furtim lumina fessa sopor,

id. H. 19, 56.—

Trop.

In gen. (very rare):

sera deinde poenitentia subiit regem,

came upon, overtook, Curt. 3, 2, 19.—

In partic.

To come into, enter, occur to one's mind (cf. supra, I. B. 2.):

deinde cogitatio animum subiit, indignum esse, etc.,

Liv. 36, 20:

ut beneficiorum memoria subiret animos patrum,

id. 37, 49, 3:

spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras posse,

id. 40, 8, 9:

otiosum animum aliae cogitationes,

Quint. 11, 2, 33:

majora intellectu animos non subibunt,

id. 1, 2, 28:

mentem subit, quo praemia facto, etc.,

Ov. M. 12, 472; 7, 170:

subit ergo regem verecundia,

Curt. 5, 2, 15:

me recordantem miseratio,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10: feminas voluptas, id. Pan. 22, 3:

horum cogitatio subibat exercitum,

Curt. 7, 1, 4.—

To follow in speech, interrupt, answer (post - class. and rare):

dicturum plura parentem Voce subis,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 352:

subit ille loquentem talibus,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 173; id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 133.—

(The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.) To subject one's self to, take upon one's self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer it (class.;

a favorite expression of Cic.): omnes terrores periculaque omnia succurram atque subibo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

omnia tela intenta in patriam subire atque excipere,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

quis est non ultro appetendus, subeundus, excipiendus dolor?

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

subire vim atque injuriam,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

inimicitiae sunt: subeantur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182:

maximas rei publicae tempestates,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

invidiam, pericula, tempestates,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

nefarias libidinum contumelias turpitudinesque,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

potentiam, victoriam,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

contumeliarum verbera,

id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

majora Verbera,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 120:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

fortunam,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1:

judicium multitudinis imperitae,

id. Fl. 1, 2:

odium eorum,

id. Att. 11, 17, 2:

usum omnium,

id. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

aliquid invidiae aut criminis,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

quemque casum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3:

quamvis carnificinam,

id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

dupli poenam,

id. Off. 3, 16, 65:

legis vim,

id. Caecin. 34, 100:

summae crudelitatis famam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

minus sermonis,

id. Att. 11, 6, 2:

poenam exsilii,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:

simultates,

Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 5:

offensas,

id. ib. 13, 9, 26:

periculum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 7:

jam tum peregrinos ritus novā subeunte fortunā,

Curt. 4, 6, 29. —With inf., to attempt, try, undertake:

adversa tela pellere,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 105:

clavum torquere,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 46.— Hence, sŭbĭtus, a, um, P. a., that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected (freq. and class.; cf.:

repens, improvisus): res subita,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 23:

in rebus tam subitis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

maris subita tempestas,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

subita et improvisa formido,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

laetitia, etc.,

Auct. Her. 1, 8, 13:

subita pugna, non praeparata,

Quint. 7, 1, 35:

ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

novae rei ac subitae admiratio,

Liv. 2, 2:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

incursiones hostium,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 11:

ministeria belli,

Liv. 4, 27:

imbres,

Lucr. 5, 216:

vis,

id. 1, 286; 4, 1210:

res,

id. 6, 1282:

mors,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

casus,

id. 10, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 73:

tristia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 12:

silentium,

Quint. 12, 5, 3: miles, hastily collected (opp. vetus expertusque;

syn. subitarius),

Tac. H. 4, 76; cf.:

aqua mulsa subita ac recens (opp. inveterata),

Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 110: imagines non subitae, not newly sprung up, i. e. old, ancient, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

homo,

rash, Cic. Pis. Fragm. 5: clivi, sudden, i. e. steep, Stat. Th. 6, 258.—Esp., = subito (post-Aug.):

non percussor ille subitus erumpet?

Quint. 6, 2, 31; so,

manūs dux Trapezuntem subitus irrupit,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

subitum inopinatumque venisse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 3:

evadere,

Flor. 4, 2, 59.—

As subst.: sŭbĭtum, i. n., a sudden or unexpected thing, a sudden occurrence, etc.:

Lesbonicum foras evocate: ita subitum'st, propere eum conventum volo,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 51; cf.:

subitum est ei remigrare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 2:

si tibi subiti nihil est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 36:

in subito,

Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 143.—In plur.:

ut subitis ex tempore occurrant,

Quint. 10, 7, 30; cf.:

etiam fortes viros subitis terreri,

Tac. A. 15, 59:

quamvis non deficeretur ad subita extemporali facultate,

Suet. Aug. 84:

si repentina ac subita dominantur,

Sen. Ep. 16, 6: sive meditata sive subita proferret, whether he spoke after deliberation or off-hand, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—With gen.:

ad subita rerum,

Liv. 9, 43:

ad subita belli,

id. 6, 32; 25, 15, 20; Flor. 1, 1, 11.—

Adverb., suddenly, unexpectedly:

per subitum erumpit clamor,

Sil. 10, 505; so,

per subitum,

id. 7, 594; 8, 628; 12, 654; 14, 330; 15, 145;

15, 404: in subitum,

id. 7, 527: ad subitum, Cassiod. Var. praef. med. —Hence, adv.: sŭbĭtō, suddenly, unexpectedly (freq. and class.; cf.: repente, extemplo, ilico): ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 4:

nova res subito mihi haec objecta est,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 7:

ita abripuit repente sese subito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 21:

subito tanta te impendent mala,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2:

cum tot bella subito atque improviso nascantur,

Cic. Font. 19, 42:

ex oculis subito fugit,

Verg. G. 4, 499:

cum subito ecce,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 30:

ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures Venit,

Ov. H. 12, 137; Curt. 9, 9, 19:

subito deficere,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

subito opprimi,

Liv. 41, 3:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 17 et. saep.:

subito dicere,

without preparation, extempore, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

quod vox et gestus subito sumi non potest,

id. ib. 1, 59, 252:

neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi,

id. Sull. 25, 69:

aliquid subito ex tempore conjectura explicare,

id. Div. 1, 33, 72; so,

dicere,

Quint. 10, 3, 30; 11, 3, 12:

inventa (opp. domo allata),

id. 4, 5, 4:

cum subito evaserunt,

Col. 9, 9, 3:

tam subito copias contrahere non potuit,

so quickly, Nep. Dat. 7, 3.

suf-fĕro ( subf-), sustŭli, sublātum, sufferre, v. a.

To carry under, to put or lay under (very rare;

syn. subicio): corium,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33: tergum, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 397, 1.—

In gen.

To offer, proffer:

neque mater potest sufferre lac,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 19.—T. t. in jurid. Lat.:

litis aestimationem,

to tender, Dig. 30, 1, 69 fin.; 21, 2, 21.—

To hold up, bear, support, sustain (very rare;

syn. sustineo): an axis eum (mundum) sustineat an ipse se potius vi propriā sufferat,

Arn. 2, 83:

comitiali morbo vexatus, ut stare, colligere semet ac sufferre vix posset,

hold himself upright, Suet. Calig. 50.—

Trop., to take upon one ' s self, undergo, bear, endure, suffer an evil or grievance (class.;

syn.: patior, tolero): plagas,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 11:

vulnera,

Lucr. 5, 1304: poenas, Att. ap. Non. 396, 33:

poenam sui sceleris,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13, 28:

at Apollodorus poenas sustulit,

id. N. D. 3, 33, 82:

imperii poenas sufferre,

id. Font. 21, 49:

quam multam si sufferre voluissent,

id. Caecin. 33, 98; cf.:

pro alicujus peccatis supplicium sufferre,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 17; in Plautus (like dare poenas alicui) with dat.:

deinde illi actutum sufferet suos servos poenas Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19:

ut vobis victi Poeni poenas sufferant,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 54:

sumptus,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 44:

laborem, solem, sitim,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 20:

labores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 5:

(vites) valenter sufferunt ventos et imbres,

Col. 3, 2, 15:

nisi hoc pejus sit, haec sufferre et perpeti,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3:

nec claustra nec ipsi Custodes sufferre valent,

Verg. A. 2, 492:

quod (iter) superest, sufferte pedes,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 21 et saep.— Absol.:

Syre, vix suffero,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 20.—Ellipt.:

si magis me instabunt, ad praetorem sufferam (sc. me rapi),

Plaut. Curc. 3, 6.

suc-curro ( subc-), curri, cursum, 3, v. n., to run under.

Lit.

In gen.: tempore eodem aliud nequeat succurrere lunae Corpus, * Lucr. 5, 763; cf.: pagus Succusanus, quod succurrit Carinis, runs, i. e. lies under or behind, Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.—

In partic., to run or hasten to the aid or assistance of one; to help, aid, assist, succor (the predom. and class, signif.;

syn.: subvenio, adjuvo, sublevo): ut laborantibus succurrat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 169:

saluti fortunisque communibus,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

succurrit illi Varenus et laboranti subvenit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

laborantibus,

id. B. C. 2, 6; Sall. C. 60, 4:

afflictis semper,

Nep. Att. 11:

suis cedentibus auxilio,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80:

domino,

Cic. Mil. 10, 29: oppido, Auct. B. Afr. 5, 1.—

Of things, to be useful for, good against:

tantis malis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 70. —

Esp., of medicines: cannabis succurrit alvo jumentorum,

helps, relieves, Plin. 20, 23, 97, § 259:

strangulationibus (crethmos),

id. 26, 15, 90, § 158:

venenis fungorum (nitrum),

id. 31, 10, 46, § 119: dum succurrere humanis erroribus cupiunt, ipsi se in errores maximos induxerunt, Lact. 1, 3, 8.— Impers. pass.:

se confidere munitionibus oppidi, si celeriter succurratur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80; 3, 52; Liv. 3, 58; Cels. 8, 4; Plin. 23, 1, 27, § 56; Quint. 10, 7, 2:

paratae lites: succurrendum'st,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 6.—

Trop.

In gen.:

licet undique omnes in me terrores periculaque impendeant omnia, succurram atque subibo,

I will encounter and undergo them, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31.—

In partic., to come into the mind, occur to one (class.; esp. freq. after the Aug. period;

syn. subit): ut quidque succurrit, libet scribere,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: illud etiam mihi succurrebat, grave esse, etc., id. fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 6:

alicui,

Liv. 6, 12; Quint. 3, 4, 6; 8, 3, 81 et saep.: succurrit versus ille Homericus, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.—Impers.:

non succurrit tibi, quamdiu circum Bactra haereas,

Curt. 7, 8, 21:

neque cuiquam facile succurrat,

Suet. Tit. 10.—With inf.:

et illud annotare succurrit, unum omnino, etc.,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 157:

mirari succurrit,

id. 17, 1, 1, § 1; 34, 18, 51, § 171.

suf-fĕro ( subf-), sustŭli, sublātum, sufferre, v. a.

To carry under, to put or lay under (very rare;

syn. subicio): corium,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33: tergum, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 397, 1.—

In gen.

To offer, proffer:

neque mater potest sufferre lac,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 19.—T. t. in jurid. Lat.:

litis aestimationem,

to tender, Dig. 30, 1, 69 fin.; 21, 2, 21.—

To hold up, bear, support, sustain (very rare;

syn. sustineo): an axis eum (mundum) sustineat an ipse se potius vi propriā sufferat,

Arn. 2, 83:

comitiali morbo vexatus, ut stare, colligere semet ac sufferre vix posset,

hold himself upright, Suet. Calig. 50.—

Trop., to take upon one ' s self, undergo, bear, endure, suffer an evil or grievance (class.;

syn.: patior, tolero): plagas,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 11:

vulnera,

Lucr. 5, 1304: poenas, Att. ap. Non. 396, 33:

poenam sui sceleris,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13, 28:

at Apollodorus poenas sustulit,

id. N. D. 3, 33, 82:

imperii poenas sufferre,

id. Font. 21, 49:

quam multam si sufferre voluissent,

id. Caecin. 33, 98; cf.:

pro alicujus peccatis supplicium sufferre,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 17; in Plautus (like dare poenas alicui) with dat.:

deinde illi actutum sufferet suos servos poenas Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19:

ut vobis victi Poeni poenas sufferant,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 54:

sumptus,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 44:

laborem, solem, sitim,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 20:

labores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 5:

(vites) valenter sufferunt ventos et imbres,

Col. 3, 2, 15:

nisi hoc pejus sit, haec sufferre et perpeti,

Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3:

nec claustra nec ipsi Custodes sufferre valent,

Verg. A. 2, 492:

quod (iter) superest, sufferte pedes,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 21 et saep.— Absol.:

Syre, vix suffero,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 20.—Ellipt.:

si magis me instabunt, ad praetorem sufferam (sc. me rapi),

Plaut. Curc. 3, 6.

suscĭpĭo (sometimes succĭpĭo; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 175 and 144; Vel. Long. p. 2226 P.), cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [sus, a contraction of subs, for sub; v. sub fin., and capio], qs. to take hold of in order to support, i. e. to take or catch up, to take upon one.

To support, hold up, sustain.

Lit.:

quid loquar lapideas moles, quibus porticus suscipimus,

Sen. Ep. 90, 26:

theatrum fulturis ab substructionibus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 38, 2:

latera puteorum structurā,

Pall. Aug. 9, 2:

labentem domum,

Sen. Ben. 6, 15, 5: balnea suscepta crepidine, supported, resting on, etc., Stat. S. 1, 3, 43:

habenas,

Sen. Troad. 728.—

Trop.

To support, defend:

famam defuncti pudoremque,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

qui temere nocentis reos susciperet,

Quint. 11, 1, 74:

cum periculo suscepti litigatoris,

id. 2, 12, 4. —

To take upon one, undertake, assume, begin, incur, enter upon (esp. when done voluntarily and as a favor; recipio, when done as a duty or under an obligation).

Of actions, obligations, etc. (class. and freq.):

aut inimicitias aut laborem aut sumptus suscipere nolunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

inimicitias,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 34; Nep. Pelop. 1, 3; cf. Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

personā susceptā viri boni,

id. Clu. 36, 101:

honestam rem actionemve,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

bellum,

id. Leg. 2, 14, 34; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35; id. Off. 1, 11, 35; Caes. B. G. 1, 16; 7, 37 al.:

rei publicae partem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6, 10; id. Mil. 15, 40:

causam populi,

id. Rep. 4, 8, 27:

patrocinium improbitatis, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 5, 8; id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

negotium,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 5:

iter Asiaticum,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

omnia alter pro altero suscipiet,

id. Lael. 22, 82:

aes alienum amicorum,

id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

cum inaudita ac nefaria sacra susceperis,

id. Vatin. 6, 14: porcam praecidaneam, Varr. ap. Non. 163, 21:

pulvinar,

Liv. 5, 52, 6:

prodigia (with curare),

id. 1, 20:

votum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 75; Liv. 27, 45, 8; Ov. F. 6, 246:

disputationem de re publicā,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; cf. id. Off. 1, 2, 7:

nec enim hoc suscepi, ut, etc., tamquam magister persequerer omnia,

id. Rep. 1, 24, 38:

permagnum quiddam,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 103:

quae si suscipiamus,

undertake to prove, id. Div. 2, 40, 84; so with obj.-clause:

qui suscipiant, posse animum manere corpore vacantem, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78.— Rarely with dat. of reflex. pron.:

legationem ad civitates sibi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3; cf.:

tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 58, § 152:

mihi auctoritatem patriam severitatemque suscipio,

id. Cael. 16, 37.—

Of feelings, experiences, etc., to undergo, submit to, bear, accept:

morbos durumque dolorem,

Lucr. 3, 460; so,

dolorem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

dolorem gemitumque,

id. Vatin. 8, 19:

invidiam atque offensionem apud populos,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 137:

odium,

id. Att. 6, 1, 25:

molestiam,

id. Caecin. 6, 17.—With in and acc.:

miserius qui suscipit in se scelus quam si qui alterius facinus subire cogitur,

i. e. wilfully incurs guilt, Cic. Phil. 11, 4, 9; cf.:

si esset inventus, qui in se suscipere istius culpam crimenque cuperet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 42, § 91:

negotiatoribus Claudius certa lucra proposuit, suscepto in se damno, si cui, etc.,

Suet. Claud. 18. —

To take, catch, take up, receive.

In gen. (so only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

sol aeternam suscepit lampada mundi,

to catch up, Lucr. 5, 402:

dominam ruentem,

Verg. A. 11, 806:

suscipiunt famulae,

id. ib. 4, 391:

cruorem pateris,

id. ib. 6, 249; cf.:

cava suscepto flumine palma sat est,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 36 (al. succepto):

ignem foliis,

Verg. A. 1, 175. —

In partic.

To take up a new-born child from the ground; hence, to acknowledge, recognize, bring up as one ' s own (class.; cf.

tollo): simul atque editi in lucem et suscepti sumus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

puerum,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 27:

haec ad te die natali meo scripsi, quo utinam susceptus non essem!

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 3.—

In gen., to get, beget, or bear children:

filia, quam ex te suscepi,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 34: filiam ex uxore, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 50:

liberos ex libertini filiā,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 17; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 74:

inde filiam,

id. ib. 5, 8 (9), 18:

susceperas liberos non solum tibi, sed etiam patriae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset Ante fugam suboles,

Verg. A. 4, 327; Vulg. Judic. 11, 2.—

To take, receive, as a citizen, under one's protection, as a pupil, etc. (rare but class.):

Cato cum esset Tusculi natus, in populi Romani civitatem susceptus est,

Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5: suscipe me totum, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 1:

suscepi candidatum,

Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 9:

susceptos a se discipulos,

Quint. 2, 5, 1; 11, 1, 55:

pancratiasten docendum,

id. 2, 8, 13:

aliquos erudiendos,

id. 2, 8, 1.—

To receive, get:

pecuniam,

Dig. 22, 3, 25:

pretio, quod dominus suscepit,

App. M. 8, p. 213, 20.—

Trop.:

suscepit vita hominum consuetudoque communis, ut, etc.,

has allowed, admitted, Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62.—

To take up, resume, continue a speech, answer:

suscipit Stolo: Tu, inquit, invides, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 24; cf.:

ad quod... sermonem suscipit Polus,

Quint. 2, 15, 28; Verg. A. 6, 723; App. M. 4, p. 150, 8; 9, p. 227, 12. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: susceptum, i, n., an undertaking:

susceptaque magna labore Crescere difficili,

Ov. M. 11, 200.

sustĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. [subs for sub, and teneo], to hold up, hold upright, uphold, to bear up, keep up, support, sustain (syn. fulcio).

Lit.

In gen.:

onus alicui,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 68:

quantum hominum terra sustinet,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Men. 1, 1, 13:

cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33:

arma membraque,

Liv. 23, 45, 3; Curt. 6, 1, 11; 7, 5, 8:

infirmos baculo artus,

to support, Ov. M. 6, 27:

furcis spectacula,

Liv. 1, 35, 9:

ingenuā speculum manu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 216:

fornice exstructo, quo pons sustinebatur, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 4: manibus clipeos et hastam Et galeam,

Ov. H. 3, 119:

vix populum tellus sustinet illa suum,

id. ib. 15 (16), 182:

lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 117:

vas ad sustinenda opsonia,

Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140:

aër volatus alitum sustinet,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: lacus omnia illata pondera sustinens, bearing on its surface, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127:

ecce populus Romanus universus veluti duobus navigiis inpositus binis cardinibus sustinetur,

id. 36, 15, 24, § 119:

domum pluribus adminiculis fulcit ac sustinet,

Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3: se, to support one ' s self, hold one ' s self up, stand, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 25; so,

se a lapsu,

Liv. 21, 35:

se alis,

Ov. M. 4, 411. —

In partic., to hold or keep back, to keep in, stay, check, restrain, control, etc. (syn.: refreno, supprimo, moror): currum equosque, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:

currum,

id. Lael. 17, 63 (v. infra, II. B. 3.):

equos,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

remos,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:

manum,

Ov. F. 5, 302:

sustinet a jugulo dextram,

Verg. A. 11, 750:

a jugulo nitentem sustinet hastam,

Stat. Th. 2, 648:

flumina Threiciā lyrā,

Prop. 3, 2, 2 (4, 1, 42):

nunc agendo, nunc sustinendo agmen,

Liv. 25, 36, 1:

aliud simile miraculum eos sustinuit,

id. 5, 39, 2:

signa,

id. 31, 24, 8:

gradum,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

perterritum exercitum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 71:

se,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41; Val. Fl. 3, 100:

se ab omni assensu,

i. e. to refrain, Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 48:

se a respondendo,

id. ib. 2, 32, 104. — Poet.:

celeres vias,

i. e. to halt, Sen. Hippol. 794.—

Trop.

In gen., to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve:

dignitatem et decus civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124:

causam rei publicae,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; cf.:

causam publicam,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:

exspectationem,

id. Off. 3, 2, 6:

tris personas unus sustineo,

characters, id. de Or. 2, 24, 102:

personam magistri,

to personate, Suet. Gram. 24:

quid muneris in rem publicam fungi ac sustinere velitis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199:

historiam veterem atque antiquam haec mea senectus sustinet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 100: vitam, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11.— Poet.:

(arbor) ingentem sustinet umbram,

Verg. G. 2, 297.—

In partic.

To sustain, support, maintain, by food, money, or other means:

hac (sc. re frumentariā) alimur et sustinemur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5, § 11:

veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortunā, fide,

id. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

qui ager non amplius hominum quinque milia potest sustinere,

id. Att. 2, 16, 1:

alicujus munificentiā sustineri,

Liv. 39, 9, 6:

hinc patriam parvosque nepotes Sustinet,

Verg. G. 2, 515:

necessitates aliorum,

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

plebem,

id. 3, 65, 6:

penuriam temporum,

Col. 9, 14, 17.—

To bear, undergo, endure; to hold out against, withstand (so most freq.;

syn.: fero, tolero, patior): mala ferre sustinereque,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non tu scis, quantum malarum rerum sustineam,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 8:

innocens suspitionem hanc sustinet causā meā,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 32:

labores,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

aestatem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 3:

dolorem pedum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:

dolores,

id. ib. 1, 12, 8:

certamen,

Liv. 33, 36, 12:

vim hostium,

Nep. Hann. 11, 4:

periculum,

Dig. 18, 6, 1:

o dii, quis hujus potentiam poterit sustinere?

Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:

alicujus imperia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

vulnera,

id. ib. 1, 45:

Philo ea sustinere vix poterat, quae contra Academicorum pertinaciam dicebantur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2:

Peloponnesum,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 7: eos (rogantes), Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3; Liv. 31, 13:

senatus querentes eos non sustinuit,

id. 31, 13, 4:

justa petentem deam,

Ov. M. 14, 788:

ferrum ignemque Jovemque,

id. ib. 13, 385 et saep.— Absol.: expectes et sustineas necesse est, Mart. 9, 3, 13:

neque jam sustineri poterat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Fam. 12, 6, 4; Liv. 29, 6, 17.—

With obj.-clause (mostly with a negative: non sustinet, he cannot bear, cannot endure; he does not take upon himself, does not venture):

non sustineo esse conscius mihi dissimulati judicii mei,

Quint. 3, 6, 64:

non impositos supremis ignibus artus Sustinuit spectare parens,

Ov. M. 13, 584;

so negatively,

id. ib. 1, 530; 6, 367; 6, 606; 9, 439; 10, 47; id. F. 4, 850; Vell. 2, 86, 2. —

In a negative interrog.: sustinebant tales viri, se tot senatoribus, etc.... non credidisse? tantae populi Romani voluntati restitisse? Sustineant. Reperiemus, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

hoc quidem quis hominum sustineat petulans esse ad alterius arbitrium?

Quint. 12, 9, 10; 3, 6, 64:

deserere officii sui partes,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16; 9, 13, 6:

Parmenionem rursus castigare non sustinebat,

Curt. 4, 13, 8; 6, 1, 15:

nec solus bibere sustineo,

id. 7, 5, 12; 7, 6, 15; 8, 5, 7; Vell. 2, 86, 2; Suet. Caes. 75.—Affirmatively:

quem in vinculis habituri erant, sustinuere venerari,

Curt. 5, 10, 13:

colloqui cum eo, quem damnaverat, sustinuit,

id. 6, 8, 16; 7, 5, 38; 10, 5, 25:

quae se praeferre Dianae Sustinuit,

took upon herself, presumed, Ov. M. 11, 322; so,

sustinet ire illuc,

id. ib. 4, 447; 6, 563; id. H. 5, 32; Phaedr. 4, 16, 8: aliquem videre, Auct. Cons. Liv. 135:

si quis aquam... haurire sustineat,

Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 64:

mentiri,

Petr. 116.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To hold in, stop, stay, check, restrain; to keep back, put off, defer, delay:

est igitur prudentis sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63; so,

impetum hostis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 26; 2, 11;

3, 2 et saep.: subitas hostium incursiones,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 11; cf.:

Curio praemittit equites, qui primum impetum sustineant ac morentur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

bellum consilio,

Liv. 3, 60, 1:

assensus lubricos,

Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108:

sustinenda solutio est nominis Caerelliani,

id. Att. 12, 51, 3:

oppugnationem ad noctem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 6:

rem in noctem,

Liv. 5, 35, 7:

iram,

id. 2, 19, 4.

trans-mitto or trāmitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

To send, carry, or convey across, over, or through; to send off, despatch, transmit from one place or person to another (syn.: transfero, traicio, traduco).

Lit.:

mihi illam ut tramittas: argentum accipias,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 27:

illam sibi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 52:

exercitus equitatusque celeriter transmittitur (i. e. trans flumen),

are conveyed across, Caes. B. G. 7, 61:

legiones,

Vell. 2, 51, 1:

cohortem Usipiorum in Britanniam,

Tac. Agr. 28:

classem in Euboeam ad urbem Oreum,

Liv. 28, 5, 18:

magnam classem in Siciliam,

id. 28, 41, 17:

unde auxilia in Italiam transmissurus erat,

id. 23, 32, 5; 27, 15, 7: transmissum per viam tigillum, thrown over or across, id. 1, 26, 10:

ponte transmisso,

Suet. Calig. 22 fin.: in partem campi pecora et armenta, Tac. A. 13, 55:

materiam in formas,

Col. 7, 8, 6.—

To cause to pass through:

per corium, per viscera Perque os elephanto bracchium transmitteres,

you would have thrust through, penetrated, Plaut. Mil. 1, 30; so,

ensem per latus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1165:

facem telo per pectus,

id. Thyest. 1089:

per medium amnem transmittit equum,

rides, Liv. 8, 24, 13:

(Gallorum reguli) exercitum per fines suos transmiserunt,

suffered to pass through, id. 21, 24, 5:

abies folio pinnato densa, ut imbres non transmittat,

Plin. 16, 10, 19, § 48:

Favonios,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 19; Tac. A. 13, 15:

ut vehem faeni large onustam transmitteret,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 108.—

Trop.

To carry over, transfer, etc.:

bellum in Italiam,

Liv. 21, 20, 4; so,

bellum,

Tac. A. 2, 6:

vitia cum opibus suis Romam (Asia),

Just. 36, 4, 12: vim in aliquem, to send against, i. e. employ against, Tac. A. 2, 38.—

To hand over, transmit, commit:

et quisquam dubitabit, quin huic hoc tantum bellum transmittendum sit, qui, etc.,

should be intrusted, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

alicui signa et summam belli,

Sil. 7, 383:

hereditas transmittenda alicui,

to be made over, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 7; and with inf.:

et longo transmisit habere nepoti,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 78 (analog. to dat habere, Verg. A. 9, 362;

and, donat habere,

id. ib. 5, 262);

for which: me famulo famulamque Heleno transmisit habendam,

id. ib. 3, 329:

omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi,

should be devoted, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

poma intacta ore servis,

Tac. A. 4, 54.—

To let go: animo transmittente quicquid acceperat, letting pass through, i. e. forgetting, Sen. Ep. 99, 6:

mox Caesarem vergente jam senectā munia imperii facilius tramissurum,

would let go, resign, Tac. A. 4, 41:

Junium mensem transmissum,

passed over, omitted, id. ib. 16, 12 fin.:

Gangen amnem et quae ultra essent,

to leave unconquered, Curt. 9, 4, 17:

leo imbelles vitulos Transmittit,

Stat. Th. 8, 596.—

To go or pass over or across, to cross over; to cross, pass, go through, traverse, etc.

Lit.

In gen.

Act.:

grues cum maria transmittant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

cur ipse tot maria transmisit,

id. Fin. 5, 29, 87; so,

maria,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 6:

satis constante famā jam Iberum Poenos transmisisse,

Liv. 21, 20, 9 (al. transisse):

quem (Euphratem) ponte,

Tac. A. 15, 7:

fluvium nando,

Stat. Th. 9, 239:

lacum nando,

Sil. 4, 347:

murales fossas saltu,

id. 8, 554:

equites medios tramittunt campos,

ride through, Lucr. 2, 330; cf.:

cursu campos (cervi),

run through, Verg. A. 4, 154: quantum Balearica torto Funda potest plumbo medii transmittere caeli, can send with its hurled bullet, i. e. can send its bullet, Ov. M. 4, 710:

tectum lapide vel missile,

to fling over, Plin. 28, 4, 6, § 33; cf.:

flumina disco,

Stat. Th. 6, 677.—In pass.:

duo sinus fuerunt, quos tramitti oporteret: utrumque pedibus aequis tramisimus,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

transmissus amnis,

Tac. A. 12, 13:

flumen ponte transmittitur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5.—

Neutr.:

ab eo loco conscendi ut transmitterem,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3, 7:

cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi summā hieme transmiserint,

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

cum a Leucopetrā profectus (inde enim tramittebam) stadia circiter CCC. processissem, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 7, 1; 8, 13, 1; 8, 11, 5:

ex Corsicā subactā Cicereius in Sardiniam transmisit,

Liv. 42, 7, 2; 32, 9, 6:

ab Lilybaeo Uticam,

id. 25, 31, 12:

ad vastandam Italiae oram,

id. 21, 51, 4; 23, 38, 11; 24, 36, 7:

centum onerariae naves in Africam transmiserunt,

id. 30, 24, 5; Suet. Caes. 58:

Cyprum transmisit,

Curt. 4, 1, 27. — Pass. impers.:

in Ebusum insulam transmissum est,

Liv. 22, 20, 7.—

In partic., to go over, desert to a party:

Domitius transmisit ad Caesa rem,

Vell. 2, 84 fin. (syn. transfugio).—

Trop. (post-Aug.).

In gen., to pass over, leave untouched or disregarded (syn praetermitto):

haud fas, Bacche, tuos taci tum tramittere honores,

Sil. 7, 162; cf.:

sententiam silentio, deinde oblivio,

Tac. H. 4, 9 fin.:

nihil silentio,

id. ib. 1, 13;

4, 31: aliquid dissimulatione,

id. A. 13, 39:

quae ipse pateretur,

Suet. Calig. 10; id. Vesp. 15. —

In partic., of time, to pass, spend (syn. ago):

tempus quiete,

Plin. Ep. 9, 6, 1: so,

vitam per obscurum,

Sen. Ep. 19, 2: [p. 1893] steriles annos, Stat. S. 4, 2, 12:

aevum,

id. ib. 1, 4, 124:

quattuor menses hiemis inedia,

Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 94:

vigiles noctes,

Stat. Th. 3, 278 et saep. — Transf.:

febrium ardorem,

i. e. to undergo, endure, Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 7; cf.

discrimen,

id. ib. 8, 11, 2:

secessus, voluptates, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 4, 2.

ūtor (old form oetor, oesus, etc., from oitor, oisus, Lex. Thor. lin. 11; inf. parag. oetier, Rogat. Tribun. ap. Fest. p. 246 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 4), ūsus ( inf. utier, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 13), 3, v. dep. [etym. dub.].

Prop., to use.

With abl.

To make use of, employ: cave... ne tibi hoc scipione malum magnum dem. Paeg. Jam utere eo, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 36: Th. Oh Epidicumne ego conspicor? Ep. Certe oculis utere, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 4:

hoc oculo,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 25:

sola potest animi per se natura... durare et sensibus uti,

Lucr. 3, 560:

de rebus ipsis utere tuo judicio,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

utinam, quem ad modum oratione sum usurus alienā, sic mihi ore uti liceret alieno,

id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

utor neque perantiquis neque inhumanis ac feris testibus,

cite, appeal to, id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

neque enim accusatore muto neque teste quisquam utitur eo, qui de accusatoris subsellio surgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

num argumentis utendum in re ejus modi?

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11:

mancipium, quo et omnes utimur, et non praebetur a populo,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, §

9: quo interprete non ad linguam Graecam, sed ad furta et flagitia uti solebat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 37, §

84: ut postea numquam dextro (oculo) aeque bene usus sit,

Nep. Hann. 4, 3:

si licet exemplis in parvo grandibus uti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 25:

viribus utendum est, quas fecimus,

Luc. 1, 347.—With ad: ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā Sa. Utere, ut vis, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

earum (navium) materiā atque aere ad reliquas reficiendas utebatur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31:

administris ad ea sacrificia Druidibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

ut eā potestate ad quaestum uteretur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

ad quam rem (deus) motu mentis ac ratione utatur,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104.—With pro:

utuntur aut aere aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis pro nummo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12.—

Esp.

To manage, control, wield:

bene ut armis, optime ut equis uteretur,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nemo est quin eo ipso (equo), quo consuevit, libentius utatur quam intractato,

id. Lael. 19, 68.—

To spend, use:

velim cum illā videas ut sit qui utamur (sc. pecunia),

Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2:

tantis vectigalibus ad liberalitatem utens,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

cum horis nostris nos essemus usi,

spent, exhausted, id. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 30.— Absol.:

notum et quaerere et uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57.—

To wear:

pellibus aut parvis renonum tegimentis utuntur, magnā corporis parte nudā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21 fin.:

ne insignibus quidem regiis Tullus nisi jussu populi est ausus uti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31.—

To accept, adopt:

eā condicione, quae a Caesare ferretur, se usuros ostendebant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

praeposteris enim utimur consiliis et acta agimus,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85.—

To resort to, consult:

neque Vectium ad se arcessit, quaestorem suum, cujus consilio uteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 114:

oraculo,

Tac. A. 2, 54.—

Of a form or style of speech, sentiment, etc., to make, adopt, employ:

sermonibus morologis utier,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

si provincia loqui posset, hac voce uteretur,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 5, 19:

hac unā defensione,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 8:

haec oratio, quā me uti res publica coëgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143:

cum hortatione non egeas, non utar eā pluribus verbis,

id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

illa criminatio, quā in me absentem usus est,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3.—

To perform, exercise, practise, etc.:

crucior, patrem... nunc inprobi viri officio uti,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 14:

eādem nos disciplinā utimur,

id. As. 1, 3, 49; cf.:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare: etsi ars quidem, cum eā non utare, scientiā ipsā teneri potest,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

diuturni silentii, quo eram his temporibus usus, finem hodiernus dies attulit,

observed, kept, id. Marcell. 1, 1:

eos (senes) ego fortasse nunc imitor et utor aetatis vitio,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

ratione utuntur,

exercise moderation, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

ut anteponantur... ratione utentia rationis expertibus,

Cic. Top. 18, 69:

ne tu, leno, postules Te hic fide lenoniā uti: non potis,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 30:

viribus uteris per clivos,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 10.—With adverb. acc.:

ut hoc utimur maxime more moro multum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 1:

ita aperte ipsam rem locutus nil circuitione usus es,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 31.—

In gen., to use, enjoy, profit by, take advantage of, etc.: otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet, quam, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 20, 12 (Trag. Rel. v. 252 Vahl.): sinite... eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, i. e. enjoy, exercise, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 2:

commodius esse opinor duplici spe utier,

id. Phorm. 4, 2, 13:

serius a terrā provectae naves neque usae nocturnā aurā in redeundo offenderunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

commoda quibus utimur lucemque quā fruimur ab eo nobis dari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:

in maximo meo dolore hoc solacio utor, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 26 init.: usus est hoc cupidine, tamdiu, dum, etc., had the use of, i. e. borrowed, id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf.

I. B. 2. infra: utatur suis bonis oportet et fruatur, qui beatus futurus est,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 103:

propter nauticarum rerum scientiam plurimisque maritimis rebus fruimur atque utimur,

id. ib. 2, 60, 152:

si fortunā permittitis uti,

to try, take advantage of, Verg. A. 9, 240:

nostrā utere amicitiā, ut voles,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 38; cf.:

decet hunc ordinem... bene utier amicitiā,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 24:

libertate modice utantur,

Liv. 34, 49, 8:

deorum Muneribus sapienter uti,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 48:

Ofellam Integris opibus novi non latius usum Quam nunc accisis,

id. S. 2, 2, 113:

quia parvo nesciet uti,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 41:

temporibus sapienter utens,

taking advantage of, Nep. Epam. 3, 1.—Prov.: foro uti, to make one's market, i. e. accommodate one's prices, actions, etc., to circumstances, take advantage of events:

scisti uti foro,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29.— Absol.:

opportunae sunt divitiae ut utare (sc. eis),

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.— With adverb. acc.:

ne Silius quidem quicquam utitur (sc. suis hortis),

Cic. Att. 12, 22, 3. —

Of passions, traits of character, etc., to indulge, practise, exercise, yield to, etc.:

inter nos amore utemur semper subrepticio?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 49:

alacritate ac studio,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

severitas, quā tu in iis rebus usus es,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

usus est ipse incredibili patientiā,

id. Phil. 1, 4, 9: ego pervicaciam (esse hanc) aio, et eā me uti volo, Att. ap. Non. 433, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

dementer amoribus usa,

Ov. M. 4, 259.—With in and acc.:

ut suā clementiā ac mansuetudine in eos utatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14.—

To experience, undergo, receive, enjoy, etc., ne simili utamur fortunā atque usi sumus, Quom, etc., Ter. Phorm. prol. 31:

hoc honore usi togati solent esse,

Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

homines amplissimis usos honoribus,

id. Fl. 19, 45:

nobiles amplis honoribus usi,

Sall. J. 25, 4:

neminem curuli honore usum praeterierunt,

Liv. 34, 44, 4:

primus externorum usus illo honore quem majores Latio quoque negaverint,

Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 136: quoniam semel est odio civiliter usus, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 41.—

To use as food or medicine, to take, drink, etc.:

lacte mero veteres usi memorantur et herbis,

Ov. F. 4, 369:

aquis frigidis,

Cels. 1, 1:

antidoto,

Scrib. Comp. 171:

medicamento,

id. ib. 228:

vino modice,

Cels. 8, 11:

ex altero (loco, i. e. ex lacu) ut pecus uti possit (sc. aquā),

Varr. R. R. 1, 11, 2.—

With the thing used, etc., as direct obj. (class. only in gerund. constr.; v. infra): nuptias abjeci, amicos utor primoris viros, Turp. ap. Non. p. 497, 15 (Com. Rel. v. 164 Rib.):

facilitatem vulgariam,

Nov. ib. 481, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

res pulchras, quas uti solet,

id. ib. 500, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 69 ib.):

ita uti eum oportet libertatem,

Titin. ib. 481, 19 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

cetera quae volumus uti Graecā mercamur fide,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47:

dic mihi, an boni quid usquam'st, quod quisquam uti possiet,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 37:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 15:

profecto uteris ut voles operam meam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 128:

mea, quae praeter spem evenere, utantur sine,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 29:

BALINEVM... QVOD VSI FVERANT AMPLIVS ANNIS XXXX.,

Inscr. Orell. 202: si quid est, quod utar, utor: si non est, egeo, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 23, 1:

oleam albam, quam voles uti, condito,

id. R. R. 118:

quam rem etiam nomine eodem medici utuntur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 23:

ferrum,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 17, 4.—

Hence, esp. gerund. in phrases dare utendum, to lend; recipere or rogare or petere utendum, to borrow, etc. (class.;

freq. in Plaut.): quod datum utendum'st,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 7:

quae utenda vasa semper vicini rogant,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 18; 2, 4, 32; 2, 9, 4; id. Pers. 1, 3, 47 sq.; id. Mil. 2, 3, 76; id. Rud. 3, 1, 10: auris tibi contra utendas dabo, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 364 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 81:

quae bona is Heraclio omnia utenda ac possidenda tradiderat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 46:

te, quod utendum acceperis, reddidisse,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36:

multa rogant utenda dari, data reddere nolunt,

Ov. A. A. 1, 433.—

Transf. (through the intermediate idea of having and using).

Pregn., to enjoy the friendship of any one; to be familiar or intimate with, to associate with a person.

With abl:

his Fabriciis semper est usus Oppianicus familiarissime,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46:

quā (Caeciliā) pater usus erat plurimum,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 27:

Trebonio multos annos utor valde familiariter,

id. Fam. 1, 3, 1:

Lucceius qui multum utitur Bruto,

id. Att. 16, 5, 3:

utere Pompeio Grospho,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 22:

quo pacto deceat majoribus uti,

id. ib. 1, 17, 2:

si sciret regibus uti,

ib. ib. 14:

ita me verebatur ut me formatore morum, me quasi magistro uteretur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 2.—

With acc.:

vilica vicinas aliasque mulieres quam minimum utatur,

Cato, R. R. 143, 1.—

To be in possession of a thing, esp. to have, hold, or find a thing in some particular mode or character; with abl.:

mihi si unquam filius erit, ne ille facili me utetur patre,

he shall find an indulgent father in me, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

patre usus est diligente et diti,

Nep. Att. 1, 2:

bonis justisque regibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

quae (sc. libertas) non in eo est, ut justo utamur domino, sed ut nullo,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43; cf. id. Fin. 1, 1, 2:

hic vide quam me sis usurus aequo,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:

ut is illis benignis usus est ad commodandum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 3, §

6: ne bestiis quoque immanioribus uteremur,

id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

me Capitolinus convictore usus amicoque A puero est,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 95:

uteris monitoribus isdem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 154:

valetudine non bonā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

quo (sc. Philoctete) successore sagittae Herculis utuntur,

Ov. M. 13, 52.— Absol.:

nam pol placidum te et clementem eo usque modo ut volui usus sum in alto (= placidum te esse ut volui, sic te usus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 8.—Hence, P. a.: ūtens, ntis, m., possessing, that possesses:

utentior sane sit,

i. e. a larger possessor, richer, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.

vĭcis (as a gen.; the nom. does not occur), vicem, vice; in plur., vices (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. [cf. Gr. eikô, to yield; root Wik-; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135], change, interchange, alternation, alternate or reciprocal succession, vicissitude (the gen. not ante-Aug.; the other cases class.).

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; for which, in class. prose, vicissitudo).

Sing.: ignotus juvenum coetus alternā vice Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.):

hac vice sermonum,

conversation, Verg. A. 6, 535:

vice sermonis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. b:

deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice,

Hor. Epod. 13, 8:

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

id. C. 1, 4, 1:

commoti Patres vice fortunarum humanarum,

Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the exchange, i. e. alternales with day, Ov. M. 4, 218:

ridica contingens vitem mutuā vice sustinetur et sustinet,

Col. 4, 16:

versā vice,

reversely, Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.—

Plur.:

plerumque gratae divitibus vices Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 13:

et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

Quint. 9, 2, 14:

loquendi,

id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35:

ipsius lectionis taedium vicibus levatur,

Quint. 1, 12, 4:

habet has vices condicio mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur,

Plin. Pan. 5 fin.:

spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 10:

haec quoque non perstant... Quasque vices peragant... docebo,

what vicissitudes they undergo, Ov. M. 15, 238:

mutat terra vices,

renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3:

perque vicis modo Persephone! modo Filia! clamat,

alternately, Ov. F. 4, 483; so,

per vicis,

id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

per vices annorum,

i. e. every other year, id. 12, 14, 30, § 54:

cur vicibus factis convivia ineant,

alternately, by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.—

Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one word, invĭcem; and less freq. vicem, in vices, or per vices), by turns, alternately, one after the other, mutually, reciprocally.

In vicem: bibenda aqua: postero die etiam vinum: deinde in vicem alternis diebus modo aqua modo vinum, Cels. 3, 2 med.:

reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se atque alios alunt: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1:

propter vicinitatem simul eramus invicem,

Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168:

multis invicem casibus victi victoresque,

Liv. 2, 44, 12:

non comisantium in vicem more jam diu vivimus inter nos,

id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

in vicem inter se gratantes,

id. 9, 43, 17:

inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit,

Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.—

Vicem:

ut unus fasces haberet, et hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret,

Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.—

In vices ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari,

Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.—

Per vices (post-Aug. and very rare):

quod ipsum imperari per vices optimum est,

Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.—

In partic.

A time, turn (late Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13):

ager tertiā vice arabitur,

Pall. 10, 1:

tribus per diem vicibus,

id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

tesserulas in medium vice suā quisque jaciebamus,

Gell. 18, 13, 1:

vice quādam,

once, Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. Pan. Grat. Aug. 4.—

Reciprocal behavior or conduct, i. e. return, requital, reciprocal service, recompense, remuneration, retaliation (rare but class.):

recito praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis,

Cic. Sest. 4, 10:

tanto proclivius est injuriae quam beneficio vicem exsolvere,

Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10:

redde vicem meritis,

Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23:

non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.:

dejecit acer plus vice simplici (i. e. non tantam solum cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.— Plur.:

spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde vices,

Ov. M. 14, 36:

neque est ullus affectus... qui magis vices exigat,

Plin. Pan. 85, 3.—

The changes of fate, fate, hap, lot, condition, fortune, misfortune:

mihi uni necesse erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere?

Cic. Dom. 4, 8:

indignando et ipse vicem ejus,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem,

Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.:

vicem suam conquestus est,

Suet. Aug. 66:

convertere humanam vicem,

Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

publicā vice commoveri,

Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.— Plur.:

fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 32:

testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaūm,

dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.—

Transf., the position, place, room, stead, post, office, duty of one person or thing as assumed by another (the usual signif. of the word):

heredum causa justissima est: nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, propius accedat,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

ego succedens in vicem imperii tui,

Liv. 38, 48, 7:

ipse in locum vicemque consulis provolat,

id. 3, 18, 9:

postquam (Juppiter) te dedit, qui erga omne humanum genus vice suā fungereris,

stand in the place of, represent, Plin. Pan. 80, 6:

fungar vice cotis,

Hor. A. P. 304:

per speciem alienae fungendae vicis opes suas firmavit,

Liv. 1, 41, 6:

ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur,

id. 1, 20, 2:

vestramque meamque vicem explete,

Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.:

cujus... ego vicem debeo inplere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6:

(Manus) adverbiorum atque pronominum obtinent vicem,

Quint. 11, 3, 87:

in ordine vicis suae,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.— Plur.: non ad suum pertinere officium rati, quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.—

Adverb.

Vicem, with the gen. or a pers. pron., in the place of, instead of, on account of, for, for the sake of:

eri vicem meamque,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11:

qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati,

id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

vos respondetote istinc istarum vicem,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 34:

tuam vicem saepe doleo,

Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3:

suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse,

Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc tibi, ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6:

sollicito consuli... eorum vicem quos, etc.,

id. 44, 3, 5:

rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum periculum miserat,

Curt. 7, 11, 20:

maestus non suam vicem, sed propter, etc.,

id. 7, 2, 5: cum Pompeius aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus gradus vicem theatri essent, Tiro Tull. ap. [p. 1987] Gell. 10, 1, 7:

quoniam res familiaris obsidis vicem esse apud rempublicam videbatur,

Gell. 16, 10, 11.—

Sometimes in a more general sense, after the manner of, like:

Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.—

Vice, instead of, for, on account of:

in pane salis vice utuntur nitro,

Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115:

temonis vice trahitur,

Col. 6, 2, 7:

murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae vice bitumine interstrato,

Just. 1, 2, 7:

exanimes vice unius,

Liv. 1, 25, 6:

senatus vice populi,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.—

In a more general sense (cf. the preced. numbers), after the manner of, like:

jactari se passa fluctu algae vice,

Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147:

moveri periclitantium vice possumus,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi,

Suet. Ner. 31:

quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens,

Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.:

ut deorum vice mortuos honorarent,

like gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.:

vice navium,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22:

vice pecudum occidi,

Lact. 5, 10, 6:

vice imbellium proculcati,

Dict. Cret. 3, 24.—

In vicem, instead of, for, in place of:

potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri,

Col. 3, 14, 3:

defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85:

in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor Successit,

Liv. 40, 8, 18:

missis in vicem eorum quinque milibus sociorum,

id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.—

Ad vicem, instead of, for:

ad tegularum et imbricum vicem,

Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159:

ad vicem solis cinis calidus subjectus,

Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28;

very rarely, ad invicem,

Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin. —

In a more general sense (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), after the manner of, like:

majores natu a majoribus colebantur ad deum prope ad parentum vicem,

Gell. 2, 15, 1.

volvo, volvi, vŏlūtum, 3 ( inf. pass. volvier, Lucr. 5, 714), v. a. [Sanscr. varas, circumference; Gr. eluô, to wrap; root Wel-], to roll, turn about, turn round, tumble any thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

(amnis) volvit sub undis Grandia saxa,

Lucr. 1, 288; Verg. A. 11, 529; Ov. Ib. 173:

flumen lapides volvens,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 38:

beluas cum fluctibus (procellae),

Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 5:

vortices (flumen),

Hor. C. 2, 9, 22:

fumum caligine (ventus),

Lucr. 6, 691:

oculos huc illuc,

Verg. A. 4, 363:

oculos per singula,

id. ib. 8, 618:

filum,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 114 Müll. volvendi sunt libri, to unroll, i. e. open, Cic. Brut. 87, 298:

Tyrrhena carmina retro,

Lucr. 6, 381 (hence, volumen, in the signif. of roll, book, volume, v. h. v. I.):

semineces volvit multos,

rolls in the dust, fells to the ground, Verg. A. 12, 329 et saep.—

In partic.

To roll up or together, form by rolling:

pilas,

Plin. 30, 11, 30, § 99; cf.:

qui terga dederant, conversi in hostem volventesque orbem, etc.,

forming a circle, Liv. 22, 29, 5:

jam orbem volventes suos increpans,

id. 4, 28, 3.—

To breathe, exhale, etc. ( poet.):

vitalis aëris auras Volvere in ore,

Lucr. 6, 1225:

(equus) Collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem,

Verg. G. 3, 85.—

Mid., to turn or roll itself round about, to turn or roll along:

nobis caenum teterrima quom sit Spurcities, eadem subus haec jucunda videtur, Insatiabiliter toti ut volvantur ibidem,

Lucr. 6, 978:

ille (anguis) inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus Volvitur,

Verg. A. 7, 349:

cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putant,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

illi qui volvuntur stellarum cursus sempiterni,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis,

rolls, Verg. A. 10, 590:

volvi humi,

id. ib. 11, 640:

volvitur Euryalus leto,

id. ib. 9, 433:

lacrimae volvuntur inanes,

roll, flow, id. ib. 4, 449.— Part.:

volventia plaustra,

Verg. G. 1, 163.—

Trop., to roll, roll along, roll off or onwards, etc.

In gen.:

volvere curarum tristes in pectore fluctus,

Lucr. 6, 34:

magnos fluctus irarum,

id. 6, 74:

ingentes iras in pectore,

Liv. 35, 18, 6:

tot volvere casus Insignem pietate virum,

i. e. to undergo so many misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 9; cf.:

satis diu saxum hoc volvo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 55:

(lunam) celerem pronos Volvere menses,

in rolling on, Hor. C. 4, 6, 40; cf.:

volvendis mensibus,

Verg. A. 1, 269:

has omnis (animas) ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,

i. e. completed the cycle, id. ib. 6, 748; and neutr.:

volventibus annis,

with revolving years, after the lapse of years, id. ib. 1, 234; cf.:

volventia lustra,

Lucr. 5, 928:

volvens annus,

Ov. M. 5, 565:

sic fata deum rex Sortitur volvitque vices,

fixes the series of revolving events, Verg. A. 3, 376; cf.:

sic volvere Parcas,

id. ib. 1, 22:

M. Pontidius celeriter sane verba volvens,

rolling off, Cic. Brut. 70, 246:

sententias facile verbis,

id. ib. 81, 280 longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest, id. de Or. 3, 47, 182:

ne verba traic amus aperte, quo melius aut cadat aut volvatur oratio,

be rounded, form periods, id. Or. 69, 229.—

In partic., to turn over or revolve in the mind; to ponder, meditate, or reflect upon, consider (cf. verso):

multa cum animo suo volvebat,

Sall. J. 6, 2; 108, 3:

multa secum,

id. C. 32, 1; id. J. 113, 1; Liv. 26, 7, 3:

immensa omnia animo,

id. 2, 49, 5; Tac. H. 1, 30; Suet. Vesp. 5:

bellum in animo,

Liv. 42, 5, 1:

in pectore,

id. 35, 18, 6:

has inanium rerum inanes ipsas volventes cogitationes,

id. 6, 28, 7; 34, 60, 2; 32, 20, 2; Curt. 10, 5, 15:

incerta consilia,

id. 10, 8, 7; 5, 9, 3:

bellum adversus nos,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

Fauni sub pectore sortem,

Verg. A. 7, 254: haec illis volventibus tandem vicit fortuna [p. 2014] reipublicae, Sall. C. 41, 3:

subinde hoc in animo volve,

Sen. Ep. 13, 13:

secretas cogitationes intra se,

Curt. 10, 8, 9:

adeo ut plerumque intra me ipsum volvam,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

regna tecum volvis,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 1:

mente aliquid,

Lact. Epit. 60, 13.