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1 ἔτος 2
ἔτος 2.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `year' (Il.);Other forms: dial. Ϝέτος.Compounds: Oft as 2. member, e. g. τρι-ετής ( τρι-έτης) `three-year old' (Ion.-Att.) with τριετία `space of three years' (hell.), τριετίζω `be three years old' (LXX); also τρι-έτ-ηρος `three years old' (Call.) with - ηρίς f. `every third year (incluve)', i. e. `all two years returning' ( ἑορτη; Pi., Ion.-Att.; after the nouns in - ηρός, - ηρίς; Schwyzer 482, Chantraine Formation 346); from it τριετηρικός `belonging to a τριετηρίς' (late).Derivatives: ἔτειος `jearly, lasting the whole year, one year long' (Pi., A.); through hypostasis ἐπέτειος `id.' (Ion.-Att., of ἐπ' ἔτος; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 473); ἐτήσιος `id.' (Att.; after the adj. in - τήσιος; Schwyzer 466, Chantraine 42) with ἐτησίαι m. pl. `wind of the year' (Ion.-Att., Arist.); also ἐπετήσιος `id.' (η 118, Th.); ἐπηετανός, s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1175] u̯etos `year'Etymology: Old word for `year', preserved in several languages. An exact agreement in Alb. vit, pl. (also sg.) vjet `year', from IE *u̯etes- (Mann Lang. 26, 383). As 2. member the neutral s-stem is preserved in zero grade in Skt. tri-vats-á- `of three years'; the full grade is supposed in Messap. atavetes (= αὑτό-ετες, `in the same year'?; Schwyzer 513 n. 3) and in Hitt. ša-u̯itiš-t- `nurseling' (prop. t-abstract *"of the same year"?; s. Kronasser Vgl. Laut- und Formenlehre 53 and 130). Beside it Hitt. has a consonant-stem u̯itt- (= u̯et-) `year', s. Kronasser 126 A. 20. A rebuilding into an a-stem perhaps in Hier.-Hitt. usa-, Luw. ušša- `year' (\< IE *u̯et-o-?) ; Kronasser Μνήμης χάριν 1, 201. A semantic problem gives Lat. vetus `old', formally = Ϝέτος; for the explanation s. W.-Hofmann s. vetus, and Benveniste Rev. de phil. 74, 124ff. - Old enlargements of the s-stem are found in words for (one-year old) animals: Skt. vats-á- `calf', Alb. vic̣ `calf' (IE *u̯etes-o-), Celt., e. g. Ir. feis `swine' (\< *u̯ets-i-). - On itself stands a Balto-Slavic word for `old', Lith. vẽtušas, OCS vetъchъ, IE *u̯etus-o- (here also Lat. vetus?); cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. (where the Balto-Slavic adjectiv on insufficient grounds is separated from the word for `year'). - A new name for year in Greek is ἐνιαυτός, s. v. S. also ἔταλον, νέωτα, οἰετέας, πέρυσι, σῆτες. Further s. W.-Hofmann s. vetus.Page in Frisk: 1,583-584Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔτος 2
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2 τρίπους
A three-footed, of or with three feet: and so,I measuring three feet,τ. τὸ εὖρος Hdt.3.60
;τ. πλάτος IG12.372.14
, al.; ὅρους.. μὴ ἔλαττον ἢ τρίποδας ib.22.2492.24; τ. [γραμμή] Pl.Men. 83e; ἡ τ. [δύναμις] the side of a square three feet in area, Id.Tht. 147d.II going on three feet, prov. of an old man who leans on a staff,τρίποδι βροτῷ Hes.Op. 533
(but τρίποδι βροτοὶ ἶς οι is prob. cj.);τρίποδας ὁδοὺς στείχει A.Ag.80
(anap.); cf. τριτοβάμων, and see the Sphinx's riddle in AP14.64.III of tables, vessels, etc., three-legged,τ. λέβης A.Fr.1
; ; :—but mostlyIV as Subst., τρίπους, ὁ,1 tripod, i.e. three-legged cauldron, Il.18.344, Od.8.434, etc.;τ. ἐμπυριβήτης Il.23.702
;ὑψίβατος τ. ἀμφίπυρος S.Aj. 1405
(anap.); ἄπυροι τ. tripods untouched by fire, i.e. new, unused, Il.9.122, cf. Paus.4.32.1; used as κρατῆρες, Semus l. c., Phylarch.44J.; given as prizes, Il.11.700, 23.264, al.; as gifts of honour, 8.290, Od.13.13; in Crete used as currency, GDI4969.130; placed as votive gifts in temples, esp. in that of Apollo at Delphi, Th.1.132, SIG 697 L3 (Delph., ii B. C.), etc.;ἡ τοῦ τ. ἀνάθεσις Lys.21.2
; these were then called τ. ἀναθηματικοί, Δελφικοί, Apollon.Lex.; a street at Athens adorned with these gifts was called οἱ Τρίποδες, Paus.1.20.1; or they were preserved in private houses, Pi.I.1.19; they were mostly of bronze, Paus.4.12.8, but sts. of precious metals, even of gold, Pi.P.11.4, Hdt.9.81, Ar.Pl.9, Paus.10.13.9; sts. of wood,ξύλινοι τ. Id.4.12.8
; from a tripod the Delphic Priestess delivered her oracles, E. Ion91 (anap.), Or. 164 (lyr.), Orac. ap. Ar.Eq. 1016, etc.: metaph., ὁπόταν ἐν τῷ τ. τῆς Μούσης καθίζηται [ὁ ποιητής] Pl.Lg. 719c: prov., ἐκ τρίποδος λέγειν, i. e. authoritatively, Ath.2.37f; τὰ ἀπὸ τ., τὰ ἐκ τ., Zen.6.3, Diogenian.8.21, cf. Plu.Dem.29.b Τρίπους, name of a work by Nausiphanes, D.L.10.14; of a work by Glaucias the Empiric, Gal.Subf.Emp.p.63B.3 three-legged table, X.An.7.3.21, Plu.Cleom.13; κύκλος τρίποδος the circular top of.., Artem.5.20, cf. 1.74.4 a kind of ear-ring, Poll.5.97.5 a musical instrument, described by Artemoap.Ath.14.637b. (The oldest nom. of stem τριποδ- is prob. τρίπος (q. v.), which comes from τριποδ-ς but was later regarded as an o-stem.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τρίπους
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3 γέρανος
Grammatical information: f. (m.)Meaning: `crane' (Il.), also metaph. (various kinds of) apparatus, and a fish name (s. Strömberg Fischnamen 120).Dialectal forms: Myc. kerenai dat. pl. \/kerenāhi\/ s. R.Ph. 73 (1999) 84 (doubtful).Derivatives: γερανίς kind of bandage (medic.). γερανῖτις name of a stone (Plin., s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53), γερανίας `with a crane (neck)' (Phryn.), γεράνιον `geranium', also called γερανογέρων (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54 und 159). - See Thompson Birds s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [383] *ǵerh₂-en-\/-eu- `crane'Etymology: Beside the o-stem γέρανος (*ǵerh₂-n-) we have an n-stem in γέρην (or γερήν; *ǵerh₂-ēn). Old name of the (bird) crane, with n- or u-suffix. Arm. kr̄un-k (with i or u lost in the first syllable?), Celtic, e. g. Gaul. tri-garanos `with three cranes', Welsh garan, Germanic, e. g. OE cran, OHG kran-uh; Lith. garnỹs `heron, stork'; u-stem Lat. grūs, Balto-Slavic, Lith. gérvė (*ǵerh₂-u̯-), OCS žeravь (*ǵerh₂-ōu-). - The word has been interpreted as, "der Rufer, der Krächzer' etc., to Skt. járate, gr̥ṇā́ti `sing' etc., but the forms in u do not seem agent nouns. S. Solmsen Wortforsch. 119.Page in Frisk: 1,299Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέρανος
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4 κορώνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `crow', also `shearwater', `Corvus corone, cornix, frugilegus, Puffinus yelkuan' (Od.);Compounds: rarely in compp., e. g. κορωνο-βόλος `shooting crows', τρι-κόρωνος `have three times the age of a crow' (AP). - Often metaph. of all kinds of curved or hook-formed objects (cf. below): `tip of a bow' (Il.), `grip of a door' (Od., Poll.), `tip of the plough-pole' (A. R.), `back of a ship' (Arat.), `pathological tumour of the elbow etc.' (Hp.), `kind of crown' (Sophr. 163, H.).Derivatives: κορωνιδεύς m. `young crow' (Cratin. 179; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 46); κορώνεως f. `tree with raven-black figs' (Ar. Pax 628; cf. on ἐρινεώς s. ἐρινεός). - κορωνίς f. `curbed, with tail', of ships (Hom.), of cattle (Theoc.), as subst. `crown' (Stesich.), `curved line, ornament' at the end of a book etc., as orthographic sign, metaph. `end' (hell.); also m. κορωνός `curbed etc.' (Archil., Hp., EM), also PN Κόρωνος (Β 746; Sommer Nominalkomp. 122), n. κορωνόν `knob of bone(s)', τὰ κόρωνα `elbow' (medic.); κορώνιος μηνοειδῆ ἔχων κέρατα βοῦς H., also monthsname (Knossos), κορώνιον n. `Krähenkraut(=?)' (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 42); κορωνίης m. `who proudly bows his neck' ( ἵππος; Semon.) with κορωνιάω `id., be proud' (hell.), also `curb oneself' ( κορωνιόωντα πέτηλα Hes. Sc. 289; metr. conditioned). - Denomin. verb κορωνίζω `end, finish' (of κορωνίς; Pontos); also of κορώνη as basis of κορωνισταί pl. "crow-singer", κορωνίσματα pl. "crow-songs", i. e. `begging singer', `-songs' (Ath.). - See on κορώνη Thompson Birds s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] *ker-\/kor-v\/n- `crow'Etymology: The Italic words for `crow', Lat. corn-īx, Umbr. curn-aco `cornicem', make also for κορών-η an old n-stem * koron-, * korn- probable (also in κόραξ and κόραφος? (diff. Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 280; s. also Schwyzer 491); an u-stem alternating with this n-stem is seen in Lat. corvus, MIr. crū `raven'. The words are all based on an onomatop. (diff. Specht Ursprung 118: orig. colour word). - Generally κορώνη is as name for curbed abjects beside κορωνίς, κορωνός separated from κορώνη `crow' and connected with κυρτός (s. v.). Against a separation in two diff. words speaks the remarkable formation of the Greek word. The metaphorical use of κορώνη `crow' has nothing remarkable ( κόραξ, Lat. corvus, Fr. corbeau, NEngl. crow, Swed. kråka etc.). Both the beak and the feet of the bird may have caused the metaphors. - From here Lat. corōna, corōnis with westeuropean derivv. - Cf. on κόραξ.Page in Frisk: 1,927-928Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορώνη
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5 ἕλκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `draw, drag' (Il.).Other forms: The non-present forma show three stems: 1. a lengthened stem ἑλκη-: ἑλκήσω, ἑλκῆσαι, ἑλκηθῆναι (Hom.), with ipf. εἵλκεον (Ρ 395; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348; s. also below); 2. ἑλκυ- (after synonymous ἐρῠ́-σαι): ἑλκύσαι (Pi., Att.), ἑλκυσθῆναι, εἵλκυσμαι (Ion.-Att.), ἑλκύσω (Hp.), εἵλκυκα (D.); 3. ἑλκ-: fut. ἕλξω (A.) and late ἕλξαι, ἑλχθῆναι; details in Schwyzer 721.Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀν-, ἀφ-, ἐξ-, παρ- etc. As 1. member in the epithets ἑλκε-χίτωνες, ἑλκεσί-πεπλος, and ἑλκε-τρίβων (Pl.), ἑλκεσί-χειρος (AP); on ἑλκε(σι)- Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 29.Derivatives: From ἑλκ-: ( ἔφ-)ἕλξις `drawing, dragging' (Hp., Pl.) with ( ἐφ-)ἑλκτικός (Pl.) and the pant names ἑλξί̄νη, ἑλξῖτις `bindweed' (Dsc., Ps.-Dsc., Redard Les noms grecs en - της 71), also ἑλκίνα (Ps.-Dsc. 4, 85; acc.?), ἕλκιμος `what can be drawn' (Olymp. in Mete. 320, 27; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 76, directly from ἑλκω); with ο-vocalism ὁλκός, ὁλκή, s. v. From ἑλκη- (old but rare) ἑλκηθμός `the drawing' (Ζ 465; cf. Benveniste Origines 201, Porzig Satzinhalte 236f.), ἕλκημα `what was dragged, booty' (E. HF 568; Chantr. Form. 178), ἕλκηθρον `coulter' (Thphr. HP 5, 7, 6; Strömberg Theophrastea 170); ἑλκητήρ `drawer' (AP 6, 297); ἑλκηδόν adv. `drawing' (Hes. Sc. 302). From ἑλκυ-, mostly late: ( ἀφ-, ἐφ-, παρ-)ἕλκυσις `the drawing' (LXX, Aret.), ἕλκυσμα = ἕλκημα (Man.), also `dross (of silver)' (Dsc., Gal.), ( ἐξ-, ἐφ-, δι-.) ἑλκυσμός `attraction etc.' (Chrysipp., medic., pap.); ἑλκυστήρ `drawer', `instrument for drawing out etc.' (Hp.), ἕλκυστρον `id.' (Apollod. Poliork.); ἑλκύσιμος, ἑλκυστήριος; sec. verb ἑλκυστάζω `draw' (Ψ 187 = Ω 21), expressive form after ῥυστάζω (Schwyzer 706, Risch 257).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [901] * selk-`draw'Etymology: No cognate. An old iterative in Alb. helq, heq `draw (off)', IE *solkei̯ō; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 236f. Further Toch. B sälk- `draw out' with the nasal present slaṅk-tär; and Arm. heɫg `tardus, slow' (a-stem), Lat. sulcus `furrow', s. ὁλκός. - (Not to ἄλοξ.)Page in Frisk: 1,497-498Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕλκω
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6 τρία
Aτριοῖσι Hippon. 51
, andτρίεσσι Delph.3(5).80.21
(iv B. C.); [dialect] Aeol.τρίσσι Inscr.Perg. 245
B 18 ([place name] Pitana): acc. τρεῖς (written τρες IG12.24.16, 44.15, 188.37, 1085, al.), τρία: [dialect] Dor. nom.τρέες Leg.Gort.9.48
;τρῆς IG12(3).1640
([place name] Thera); A10 (Delph., iv B. C.), Tab.Heracl.1.23; acc.τρίινς Leg.Gort.5.54
, al. (for Τρίνς, lengthd. to correspond with the other cases);τρῖς IG12.838
,839 (vi B. C.), SIG 239 D ii 28 (Delph., iv B. C.), Berl.Sitzb.1927.158 ([place name] Cyrene):—three, Il.15.187, etc.; τρία ἔπεα three words, prov. in Pi.N.7.48,—for from the earliest times three was a sacred and lucky number, esp. with the Pythagoreans (cf. τριάς), Arist.Cael. 268a11; so ; εἰ καὶ τῶν τριῶν ἓν οἴσομαι ib. 908; cf.σωτήρ 1.2
:— διὰ τριῶν ἀπόλλυμαι I am thrice, i. e. utterly, undone, E.Or. 434 (cf. τριάζω) ; ἡ διὰ τριῶν ἀγωγή the 'trivium', Simp. in Ph.1171.34; by threes,POxy.
121.19 (iii A. D.). (I.-E. stem tr[icaron]-, fuller form trey-, nom. tréy-es (Skt. tráyas, Lat. tres), whence τρέες, [var] contr. τρῆς and τρεῖς (written τρες IG12.295.11); acc. tri-ns (Goth. prins, Skt. tr[imacracute]n), whence τρῖς and τρίινς; in Gr. the nom. τρεῖς functions as acc. (as in [dialect] Att.), or the acc. τρῖς as nom. (ll. cc.).) -
7 στείχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to march in (in order), to march, to rise, to draw, to go' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also Aeol. prose).Other forms: ( στίχω Hdt. 3, 14; coni. Dind. in S. Ant. 1129 ex H.), aor. 2. στιχεῖν (aor. 1. περί-στειξας δ 277).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, προσ-. As 2. element e.g. in μονό-στιχος `consisting of one verse' (Plu.), e.g. τρί-στοιχος `consisting of three rows' (μ 91), - εί adv. `in three rows' ( 473), μετα-στοιχεί meaning unclear (Ψ 358 a. 757); σύ-στοιχος `belonging to the same row, coordinated, corresponding' (Arist. etc.).Derivatives: From it, prob. as deverbative, but also related to στίχες (Leumann Hom. Wörter 185 f.), στιχάομαι, also w. περι-, συν-, `id.' in 3. pl. ipf. ἐστιχόωντο (Il., Theoc., Nonn.), pres. στιχόωνται (Orph.), act. στιχόωσι, ptc. n. pl. - όωντα (hell. a. late ep.); ὁμοστιχάει 3. sg. pres. `escorted' (Ο 635: *ὁμό-στιχος or for ὁμοῦ στ.?). -- Nouns. A. στίχ-ες pl., gen. sg. στιχ-ός f. `rank(s), file(s)', esp. of soldiers, `battle-array, line of battle' (ep. poet. Il.). -- B. στίχος m. `file, rank', of soldiers, trees, etc., often of words `line' in verse and prose (Att. etc.). στιχ-άς f. `id.' only in dat. pl. στιχάδεσσι ( Epigr.). Dim. - ίδιον (Plu.); - άριον `coat, tightly fitting garment' (pap.). Adj. - ινος, - ικός, - ήρης, - ηρός, adv. - ηδόν (late). Vb - ίζω `to arrange in rows' (LXX; v. l. στοιχ-) with - ιστής. - ισμός (Tz.), περι- στείχω = περιστοιχίζω (s.bel.; A.). -- C. στοῖχος m. `file or column of soldiers, choir members, ships etc., layer of building stones, row of trees, poles etc.' (IA.). From this στοιχ-άς f. `arranged in rows' ( ἐλᾶαι, Sol. ap. Poll. a.o.), - άδες ( νῆσοι) name of a group of islands near Massilia (A. R. a.o.); from this the plantname στοιχάς (Orph., Dsc.) after Strömberg 127 (with Dsc.), with - αδίτης οἶνος `wine spiced with s.' (Dsc.). Cultnames of Zeus resp. Athena: - αῖος (Thera), - αδεύς (Sikyon), - εία (Epid.) referring to the arrangement in phylai. Further adj. - ιαῖος `measuring one row' (Att. inscr.), - ικός (late); adv. - ηδόν (Arist. etc.), - ηδίς (Theognost.) `line by line'. Verbs: 1. στοιχ-έω (because of the meaning hardly deverbative with Schwyzer 720), also w. περι-, συν- a. o., `to form a row, to stand in file and rank, to match, to agree, to be content, to follow' (X., Att. inscr., Arist. hell. a. late); - ούντως `matching, consequent' (Galatia, Aug. time). 2. - ίζω, often w. περι-, also δια-, κατα-, `to arrange in a line, to order' (A. Pr. 484 a. 232, X. a.o.) with - ισμός (Poll.); περι- στείχω `to fence in all around with nets (net-poles), to ensnare' (D., Plb. etc.). -- D. στοιχεῖον, often pl. - εῖα n. `letters in freestanding, alphabetical form' (beside γράμματα `character, script'), also (arisen from this?) `lines, (systematic) dogmas, principles, (physical) element' (Pl., Arist. etc.), `heavenly bodies, elementary spirits, nature demons, magic means' (late a. Byz.); also `shadow-line' as time-measure (Att. com.; cf. σκιὰ ἀντίστοιχος E. Andr. 745) a.o.; prop. "object related to a row, entering a row, forming a part of a whole, member of a row" (on the formation cf. σημεῖον, μνημεῖον, ἐλεγεῖον a.o.); on the development of the meaning which is in many ways unclear Burkert Phil. 103, 167 ff. w. further extensive lit., esp. Diels Elementum (1899). Diff. Lagercrantz (s. Bq); to be rejected. - From it στοιχει-ώδης `belonging to the στοιχεῖα, elementary' (Arist. etc.), of barley `in several rows' as opposed to ἄ-στοιχος πυρός (Thphr.), so either = στοιχ-ώδης or miswritten for it. Denom. verb. στοιχει-όω `to introduce to the principles' (Chrysipp. a.o.), `to equip with magical powers, to charm' (Byz.; cf. Blum Eranos 44, 315ff.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός (Epicur., Phld. a.o.), - ωματικός (Ps.-Ptol.); cf. on this Mugler Dict. géom. 380 f.Etymology: Old inherited group with several representatives also in other idg. languages. The full grade thematic present στείχω agrees exactly to Germ. and Celtic forms, e.g. Goth. steigan ` steigen', OIr. tiagu `stride, go', IE *stéighō. Beside it Skt. has a zero grade nasal present stigh-no-ti `rise'; similar, inmeaning deviant, OCS po-stignǫ `get in, reach, hit' (length of the stemvowel secondary). A deviant meaning is also shown by the full grade yot-present Lit. steig-iù, inf. steĩg-ti `found, raise', also (obsolete) `hurry'; on this Fraenkel s. v. -- Further several nouns, esp. in Germ.: OHG steg m. ` Steg, small bridge', OWNo. stig n. `step' from PGm. * stiga-z, -n, IE * stigh-o-s (= στίχος), - o-m; OE stige -n. `going up, down' (i-stem from older rootnoun = στίχ-ες?). With oi-ablaut Alb. shtek `transit, entrance, road, hair-parting' (= στοῖχος), thus Goth. staiga, OHG steiga f. `mountain-path, road', Latv. staiga f. `course', cf. Lith. adv. staigà `suddenly' (would be Gr. *στοιχή) etc., s. WP. 2, 614 f., Pok. 1017 f., also W.-Hofmann s. vestīgium w. further forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,783-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείχω
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8 τρι-
τρῐ-, stem of τρεῖς, in compds.A three times, thrice:—also indefinitely, to add emphasis, e.g. τρίδουλος, τριβάρβαρος, τρίβαφος. -
9 ἐέλδομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `desire, want, long for' (Il.),Other forms: only present-stemCompounds: only compound ἐπι-έλδομαι (A. R. 4, 783).Derivatives: ἐέλδωρ n. (only nom.-acc.) `desire, wish' (Il.; ἔλδωρ Hdn., H.), also ἐέλδω f. (Ibyk. 18; right?).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1137] *h₁u̯eld- `wish, desire'Etymology: From ἐ(Ϝ)έλδομαι (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 133 and 182). No cognate outside Greek. Homer has (only) three time ἔλδ- (Ε 481, Ψ 122 ψ 6) which may be under inluence of ἔλπομαι (s.v.). The form with`prothesis' is the original, as is shown by ἐέλδωρ; Beekes, Development 63f.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐέλδομαι
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10 ἔφηλις
ἔφηλις, - ίςMeaning: technical term of uncertain meaning, etwa `rivet, butt' or `clinch'?; acc. to H. ἐφήλιδες περόναι, ἔπηλις τὸ πῶμα τῆς λάρνακος (S. Fr. 1046, hell.); usually metaph. as name of an effloresence(?) (Nic.), in this meamimg mostly in plur. (Hp., Thphr.), also explained as `freckles' and connected with ἥλιος (= αἱ τοῦ ἡλίου ἐπικαύσεις H.).Other forms: gen. - ιδος, - ίδος, pl. also - εις, Ion. ἔπηλις (after Hdn. Gr. 1, 91 barytone), - ιδος f.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On the ι(δ)-stem s. Schwyzer 450, 464f., Chantraine Formation 113f. - Because of the unclear meaning morphologically uncertain. There are three, or four explanations: 1. als hypostasis of ἐφ' ἥλου (ὤν): a) `what is upon a ἧλος (`pin')'; b) `upper (part of a) ἧλος'. 2. bahuvrihi: `equipped with a ἧλος'. 3. postverbal of ἐφηλοῦν `pin down, fix': `what has been pinned down'; cf. ἔφηλος ὁ ἡλωμένος Suid. S. also on ἔφηλος.Page in Frisk: 1,598Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔφηλις
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11 πεῖρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `test, research, experience' (Alcm., Thgn., Pi., IA.).Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in ἔμ-πειρος (s.v.); with ā-stem (cf. Schwyzer 451) in ἱππο-πείρης m. `horse specialist' (Anacr. 75, 6), μονο-πεῖραι ( λύκοι) `hunting alone' (Arist., Men.), the last referring to πειράομαι (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 101 f.); ἀ-πείρων `unexperienced' (S.) for usu. ἄ-πειρος after ἀπείρων from πεῖραρ (s. v.) ? Backformations like ἀνά-, ἀπό-, διά-πειρα (Pi., IA.) from ἀνα-πειράομαι etc. On ταλαπείριος s. v.Derivatives: Three denominatives: 1. πειράομαι, more rare - άω, often w. prefix like ἀνα-, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, `to tempt, to put to the test, to try' (Il.). From it πειρᾱ-τής m. `pirate' (hell.) with - τικός `belonging to pirates' (Str., Ph.), - τεύω `to act like a pirate' (LXX); πειρατήριον, Ion. - ητ- n. `(juridical) trial' (Hp., E.). `gang of pirates, pirates' nest' (LXX, Str.), πειρητήριος `exploring, trying' (Hp.); πείρασις f. `temptation, assault' (Th., D. C.; can also belong to 2.). -- 2. πειράζω, Aor. - άσαι, - ασθῆναι (Od., Arist., hell.), Cret. fut. πειράξω, κατα-πειράσω Lys., also w. κατα-, ἐκ-, ἀπο- a.o., `to tempt, to put to the test, to assault'. From there πειρ-ασμός m. `temptation' (LXX, NT), - αστής m. `tempter' (Ammon. Gramm.), - αστικός `belonging to, fit for tempting, trying' (Arist.), ἀ-πείρασ-τος `unexperienced, untempted' (hell.); to πείρασις s. on πειράομαι. -- 3. πειρη-τίζω (only presentst.) `to tempt, to explore, to assault' (Il.; on the fomation Schwyzer 706).Etymology: Formed like στεῖρα, σπεῖρα, μοῖρα etc., so \< *πέρ-ι̯α (Aeol. πέρρα after Choerob. An. Ox. 2, 252), ι̯α-deriv. from a basis of unknown function (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Backformation from πειράομαι (Sommer Nominalkomp. 118 as alternative) is certainly possible, but the formation of the verb then remains unclear. -- Certain cognates presents only Latin in perī-tus `experience', perī-culum `attempt, danger, proces', ex-perior, - īrī `try, put to the test', of which the ī-element seems to be connected with the Greek suffix. Arm. p` orj `attempt', if with Meillet BSL 36, 110 to be connected, must represent an aspirated (expressive) anlaut. Further uncertain or improbable connections with Celt. and Germ. in WP. 2, 28f., Pok. 818, W.-Hofmann s. perī-culum. Connection with the great group of πείρω, περάω (s. vv.) is very probable.Page in Frisk: 2,489-490Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πεῖρα
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12 πῆχυς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `forearm, arm' (cf. βραχίων), also as measure = `cubit' and metaph. in diff. meanings (Il.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. δί-πηχυς `two cubits long' (IA.).Derivatives: 1. dimin. πηχίσκος m. (Anon. ap. Suid.); 2. adj. πηχυ-αῖος (IA., παχυ- Epich.), - ιος (Mimn., A. R.) `cubits long'; 3. verbs: πηχίζω `to measure by the cubit' (LXX) with πηχ-ισμός m. `measuring by the cubit' (LXX, pap.), - ισμα n. `cubit-measure' (Sm.); πηχύνω ( περι-πῆχυς) `to embrace' (hell. a. late epic).Etymology: Old inherited name of a member, in several languages retained: Skt. bāhú-, Av. bāzu- m. `lower arm, arm, foreleg of an animal', Germ., e.g. OWNo. bōgr, OHG buog m. `the upper part of the foreleg, Bug'; IE *bhāǵhu-; here, with unclear transformation of the stem, Toch. A poke, B obl. pokai `arm' (on the phonetics v. Windekens Orbis 11, 191 f. a. 12, 190). Also on Italic bottom the word was once alive, if with Pisani KZ 71, 44 Lat. trifāx, - ācis `a three ell long weapon' as Oscan LW [loanword] belongs here. -- A basic verb, IE *bhaǵh-, Benveniste BSL 52, 60 ff. wants to see on Iran. soil in Oss. i-væz- `stretch out' (Iran. *băz-); not very credible, cf. Mayrhofer s. bāhúḥ w. lit. (the short vowel makes a problem.Page in Frisk: 2,531Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῆχυς
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13 προεῖπον
προεῖπον defective verb, used as 2 aor. of προλέγω; fut. expressed by προερῶ fr. a difft. stem (M-M.); pf. προείρηκα; pf. pass. ptc. προειρημένος (Hom. [in tmesis], Hdt., Pla.+). On προεῖπα s. B-D-F §81, 1; Mlt-H. 208.① to tell beforehand, foretell, tell/proclaim beforehand, warn, of prophetic utterances concerning future events and circumstances, of a scripture pass. (Jos., Bell. 6, 109) τὴν γραφήν, ἣν προεῖπεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Ac 1:16. τινί τι tell someone someth. beforehand (Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 4 τ. θεοῦ προείποντος τ. ἡγεμονίαν αὐτῷ; Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 11, 3 πρ. αὐτῷ ταῦτα. Cp. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 191 D.: ὁ θεὸς πρ. τῇ μητρὶ …) Mk 13:23 (cp. Mt 24:25, where the context supplies the acc.); 1 Th 4:6 w. connotation of warning. Pass. (Jos., Ant. 2, 17 τὰ προειρημένα) τὰ ῥήματα τὰ προειρημένα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων Jd 17; cp. 2 Pt 3:2; 1 Cl 58:1. W. a quot. foll. καθὼς προείρηκεν Ἠσαί̈ας (Is 1:9 follows) Ro 9:29. Cp. Gal 1:9. W. ὅτι foll.: προλέγω ὑμῖν καθὼς προεῖπον Gal 5:21. προείρηκα καὶ προλέγω 2 Cor 13:2. But some would place these three last pass. and 1 Th 4:6 in 2.② to have already stated someth., the aor. or pf. in contrast to the presentⓐ have said someth. before or previously (Appian, Samn. 10 §11 προεῖπε Κινέας=Cineas had said previously; cp. Plut., Peric. 170 [33, 3]) w. ref. to a previous visit (cp., in a way, Sb 8247, 17 [I A.D.] ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ εἶπα ὑμῖν καὶ νῦν τὸ αὐτὸ λέγω) ὡς προειρήκαμεν καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω Gal 1:9. καθὼς προείπαμεν ὑμῖν as we have told you before 1 Th 4:6. W. ὅτι foll. προλέγω ὑμῖν, καθὼς προεῖπον Gal 5:21. προείρηκα καὶ προλέγω 2 Cor 13:2. Some would place these pass. in 1 because of the connotation of warning. μετὰ τὸ προειρηκέναι (i.e. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον) is followed by Jer 38:33, and in such a way that λέγει κύριος (in the LXX φησὶν κύριος) introduces the main clause after he (the Holy Spirit) said …, the Lord said (as follows) Hb 10:15 v. l. Of the act of baptism ταῦτα πάντα προειπόντες βαπτίσατε after you have stated all these things (the prescribed admonitions), baptize D 7:1.ⓑ have already said (in the same document), have mentioned previously (Appian, Syr. 66, §349 προεῖπον=I have mentioned earlier; Artem. 4, 69; Just., D. 64, 7; oft. pap) προείρηκα ὅτι I have already said 2 Cor 7:3 (s. 3:2; 6:12). Redundantly προειρήκαμεν ἐπάνω B 6:18 (cp. vs. 12). Pass. καθὼς προείρηται (cp. Diod S 2, 32, 5 and PTebt 27, 74 [II B.C.] καθότι προείρηται) Hb 4:7 (s. 3:15).—The pf. pass. ptc. already mentioned, aforementioned (Polyb. 1, 20, 7; 3, 51, 8 al.; Diod S4, 66, 1; 11, 20, 3 al.; Ps.-Demetr. 264; 288; 2 Macc 3:28; 4:1; 3 Macc 6:35b; Jos., Vi. 45) with and without a name 1 Cl 41:2; 43:1; 44:2; Dg 3:2; Hm 9:4; 10, 1, 5; Hs 6, 5, 7; 8, 11, 3; 9, 29, 3; D 11:1. Uncertain rdg. προειρημένων AcPl Ha 1, 13.—DELG s.v. ἔπος. M-M. -
14 ὕσσωπος
ὕσσωπος, ου, ἡ and ὁ, also ὕσσωπον, τό (in wr. outside our lit. [Nicander: II B.C., Ther. 872; Alexiph. 603; Chaeremon 44, 6 al.; ins, pap] all three genders are quotable; for the LXX the masc. and fem. are certain; Philo, Vi. Cont. 73 excludes the neut. for that author; in Jos., Bell. 6, 201, Ant. 2, 312; 4, 80 the matter is not clear. In our lit. the neut. is certain only for Barnabas.—אֵזוֹב) the hyssop (acc. to Zohary, Plants 96f = the Origanum Syriacum, not the European Hyssopus), a small bush w. blue flowers and highly aromatic leaves; used in purificatory sacrifices (Ex 12:22; Lev 14:4; Num 19:6, 18.—SIG 1218, 16 [V B.C.], where the word is beyond doubt correctly restored, the hyssop serves to purify a house in which a corpse had lain; Chaeremon also mentions its purifying power) Hb 9:19; 1 Cl 18:7 (Ps 50:9); B 8:1, 6.—In J 19:29 hyssop appears as a plant w. a long, firm stem or stalk, which creates some difficulty. The conjecture by JCamerarius († 1574), ὑσσῷ (=javelin [s. ὑσσός]: ὑσσῷ is actually found in mss. 476 and 1242, both antedating the conjecture) προπεριθέντες, has been accepted by many (e.g. Dalman, Jesus 187; Lagrange, JBernard; Field, Notes 106–8; M-M.; Goodsp., Probs. 115f; Mft.; NEB; w. reserve, Bultmann). Against the rdg. ὑσσός (not accepted by Weymouth, NAB [the margin suggests probability of ‘symbolic’ usage], NRSV, REB [marginal ref. to ‘javelin’]; 20th Century ‘hyssop-stalk’) it has been urged (by WBauer et al.) that the purifying effect of the hyssop (used acc. to Ex 12:22 specif. at the Passover) is the most important consideration here.—ILöw, Die Flora der Juden II 1924, 72f; 84–101, on J 19:29 esp. 99–101; LFonck, Streifzüge durch die biblische Flora 1900, 109; EbNestle, Zum Ysop bei Johannes, Josephus u. Philo: ZNW 14, 1913, 263–65; LBaldensperger and GCrowfoot, Hyssop: PEF 63, ’31, 89–98; Metzger 253f; BHHW III 2197f.—DELG. M-M.
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