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101 θρησκεία
θρησκεία, ας, ἡ (also-ία; Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, Philo, Joseph., Tat., Mel., HE 4, 26, 7; Theoph. Ant. 3, 29 [p., 266, 24]; not limited to deities, s. Boffo, Iscrizioni no. 39, 3; s. next entry) expression of devotion to transcendent beings, esp. as it expresses itself in cultic rites, worship, the being who is worshiped is given in the obj. gen. (Aelian, NA 10, 28 τοῦ Σαράπιδος; Herodian 4, 8, 7 τοῦ θεοῦ; Delph. ins in SIG 801d, 4 τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος; Wsd 14:27 τ. εἰδώλων; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 315 τῶν θεῶν; Jos., Ant. 1, 222; 12, 271 τοῦ θεοῦ) θρησκεύειν τὴν θρησκείαν τοῦ ὑψίστου 1 Cl 45:7. θ. τῶν ἀγγέλων Col 2:18 (MDibelius, Hdb. exc. 2:23 [lit.; also AWilliams, JTS 10, 1909, 413–38].—CB I/2 p. 541 no. 404 and p. 741 no. 678 testify to the worship of angels in Phrygia. The Council of Laodicea, Can. 35 rejects it; Theodoret III 490 [on Col 2:16] deplores its tenacious survival in Phrygia and Pisidia). Of Judean cultic tradition ἡμετέρα θ. our religion Ac 26:5 (cp. 4 Macc 5:7 and Jos., Ant. 12, 253 Ἰουδαίων [subj. gen] θ.; Ps.-Clemens, Hom. 5, 27). Of Christianity τὰ ἀνήκοντα τῇ θ. ἡμῶν the things that befit our religion 1 Cl 62:1. τὴν θ. προσάγειν θεῷ offer service to God Dg 3:2. Js contrasts the μάταιος θ. 1:26 w. vs. 27, the θ. καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος παρὰ τ. θεῷ, which consists in good deeds (Herm. Wr. 12, 23 θρησκεία τ. θεοῦ μία ἐστί, μὴ εἶναι κακόν).—JvanHerten, Θρησκεία, εὐλάβεια, ἱκέτης, diss. Utrecht ’34; cp. LRobert, Études épigraphiques et philologiques ’38, 226–35. S. on εὐλαβέομαι.—B. 1463. DELG sv. θρησκεύω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
102 οἰκτιρμός
οἰκτιρμός, οῦ, ὁ (οἰκτείρω; Pind., Pyth. 1, 85 [164]; PCairMasp 7, 19 [VI A.D.]; LXX) rarely in sing. (which is not common in the LXX) display of concern over another’s misfortune, pity, mercy, compassion ἐνδύσασθαι σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ (gen. of quality) put on heartfelt compassion Col 3:12. Almost always pl., partly to express the concrete forms of expression taken by the abstract concept (B-D-F §142; cp. Rob. 408), but more oft. without any difference fr. the sing., due to the influence of the Hebr. pl. רַחֲמִים (2 Km 24:14; Ps 24:6; Is 63:15; TestJos 2:3). Quite gener. χωρὶς οἰκτιρμῶν without pity Hb 10:28.—Of humans: w. σπλάγχνα (hendiadys) Phil 2:1. ἡ … μετʼ οἰκτιρμῶν μνεία remembrance with compassion 1 Cl 56:1.—Of God (Ps 24:6; 39:12; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 29) οἰκ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 12:1. τὸ πλῆθος τῶν οἰκ. σου your abundant mercy 1 Cl 18:2 (Ps 50:3). ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ τοὺς οἰκ. αὐτοῦ turn to his (God’s) compassion 9:1. προσφεύγειν τοῖς οἰκ. αὐτοῦ take refuge in his (God’s) mercies 20:11. God as πατὴρ τῶν οἰκ. merciful Father 2 Cor 1:3 (s. B-D-F §165; Mlt-H. 440f).—DELG s.v. οἶκτο. M-M. TW. -
103 ὄφελον
ὄφελον (prob. not the first pers. 2 aor. of ὀφείλω [ὤφελον] without the augment [so most scholars, incl. Mlt. 201, n. 1; Mlt-H. 191], but a ptc., originally w. ἐστίν to be supplied [JWackernagel, Sprachl. Untersuchungen. zu Homer 1916, 199f; B-D-F §67, 2; so also L-S-J-M s.v. ὀφείλω, end], ὄφελον: OGI 315, 16 [164/163 B.C.]; Epict. 2, 18, 15 v.l. Sch.; 2, 22, 12 as a correction in ms. S; LXX; En 104:11) a fixed form, functioning as a particle to introduce unattainable wishes (B-D-F §359, 1; Rob. 1003f) an expression of a wish that someth. had taken place or would take place, o that, would that w. the impf. to express present time (Epict. 2, 22, 12; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 47 vArnim [ed. Budé has ὤφελον]) Rv 3:15 (Schwyzer II 346); 2 Cor 11:1. καὶ ὄφελον ἐμιμοῦντο ISm 12:1. W. the opt. (Ps 118:5) Rv 3:15 v.l (Erasmian rdg.).—W. the aor. indic. to express past time (Epict. 2, 18, 15; Chariton 4, 4, 2; Achilles Tat. 2, 24, 3; 5, 15, 5; Ex 16:3; Num 14:2; 20:3) ὄφελόν γε ἐβασιλεύσατε indeed, I wish that you had become kings 1 Cor 4:8.—W. the fut. indic. (acc. to Lucian, Soloec. 1, end, ὄφελον … δυνήσῃ is a solecism) ὄφ. καὶ ἀποκόψονται Gal 5:12 (s. ἀποκόπτω a and B-D-F §384; Rob. 923).—DELG s.v. ὀφείλω. M-M. -
104 τίλλω
τίλλω, Il.22.78, etc.: [tense] fut. τῐλῶ ([etym.] ἀπο-) Cratin.123, ([etym.] παρα-) Ar.Eq. 373: [tense] aor.Aἔτῑλα Theoc.3.21
, ([etym.] ἀπ-) Ar.Lys. 578. Fr. 686: [tense] pf. (b.). 121 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.τιλλέσθην Il.24.711
: [tense] fut. τῐλοῦμαι ([etym.] παρα-) Men.363.5:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. : 2 [tense] aor. ἐτίλην [ῐ] LXX Da.7.4; [ per.] 3sg. imper.τιλήτωι PFay.131.18
(iii/iv A.D.); part. τειλείς (i.e. τιλ-) PFlor.322.36 (iii A.D.): [tense] pf. , ([etym.] ἐκ-) Anacr.21.10, ([etym.] ἀπο-) Anaxil.22.20, ([etym.] παρα-) Ar.Ra. 516:— pluck or pull outhair, etc.,πολιὰς δ' ἄρ' ἀνὰ τρίχας ἕλκετο χερσί, τίλλων ἐκ κεφαλῆς Il.22.78
; τίλλε κόμην ib. 406; , Her.5;ἐρέβινθον PCair.Zen.719.6
(iii B.C.);τ. στάχυας καὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Matt.12.1
;τ. χόρτον τοῖς κτῆσι PFlor.321.47
(iii A.D.):— [voice] Med., Χαίτας τίλλεσθαι pluck out one's hair, Od.10.567.2 with acc. of that from which the hair or feathers are plucked, τίλλειν πέλειαν, of birds of prey, 15.527, cf. Hdt.3.76;κίρκον εἰσορῶ.. χηλαῖς κάρα τίλλοντα A.Pers. 209
; τίλλουσι τὴν γλαῦκα, of small birds attacking the owl, Arist.HA 609a15; so of the cuckoo, ib. 618a29 ([voice] Pass.); as a description of an idle fellow,τίλλων ἑαυτόν Ar. Pax 546
, cf. Ra. 428; of a cook, pluck a fowl, Eub.150.5, cf. Plu.2.233a; alsoτ. λαγών Ar.Fr. 212
; τ. πλάτανον pluck its leaves off, Plu.Them. 18; l.c.; κῴδια τ. PPetr.2p.108 = 3p.78 (iii B.C.); also, pluck live sheep, instead of shearing, τοῖς τίλλουσιν τὰ ὑποδίφθερα (sc. πρόβατα) PCair.Zen.430.3 (iii B.C.), cf. Suid. s.v. πεκτῆρες:—[voice] Pass., have one's hair plucked out, Ar.Th. 593; τέφρᾳ τιλθῆναι, as a punishment of adulterers, Id.Nu. 1083; v. παρατίλλω, τέφρα.3 c. acc. cogn., τίλματα τ. Plu.2.48b, cf. Herod.2.70.4 τ. μέλη pluck the harp-strings, play harp-tunes, Cratin.256 (lyr.).6 νεφέλιον παρατεταμένον καὶ τιλλόμενον cirrous, Thphr.Sign.43.II since tearing the hair was a usual expression of sorrow, τίλλεσθαί τινα tear one's hair in sorrow for any one, : without acc.,τιλλόμενοι καὶ κλαίοντες Phld.Ir. p.36
W.III metaph., pluck, vex, annoy, Anacr.13B; στέφανον τ., = τοὺς νόμους λυμαίνεσθαι, Pythag. ap. Porph.VP42:—[voice] Pass., ὑπὸ συκοφαντῶν τίλλεσθαι, with allusion to a bird's feathers, Ar.Av. 285. (Not found in [dialect] Att. Prose.) -
105 ξαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `card, comb wool ', metaph.. `scratch, mangle, lacerate' (ξ 423, IA.).Other forms:, fut. ξανῶ, aor. ξῆναι (late ξᾶναι), pass. ξανθῆναι, perf. midd. ἔξασμαι (hell. also ἔξαμμαι).Derivatives: ξάντης m. `woolcarder' (Pl.) with ξαντική (sc. τέχνη) f. `the art of carding wool' (Pl.), f. ξάντριαι `woolcadsters' (tit. of a drama of A.); ξάσμα n. `carded wool' (S. Fr. 1073), also ξάμμα (H. s. πεῖκος), ἀναξασ-μός m. `lacerating' (midd.), ξάνσις f. `carding of wool,' (Gloss.), ξάνιον n. `comb for carding' (Poll., AB, H.), also = ἐπί-ξηνον (Poll.), prob. after κτένιον, but not with Specht Ursprung 239 as old formation; ξανάω (Nik.), - ῆσαι (S.Fr. 498) `(with carding) work hard', ἀποξανᾶν κακοπαθεῖν H.; cf. ὑφανάω: ὑφαίνω and similar cases in Schwyzer 700. -- Here prob. also ἐπίξηνον `chopping-block' with unclear formation (diff., hardly correct, s.v.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Technical expression of woolpreparation, prob. first after the related ὑφαίνω; to ξέω, ξύω (s. vv. and Schwyzer 714). Outside Greek there are no agreements; the comparison with Lat. sentis m. `thorn-bush' (since Persson Stud. 135) is quite hypothetical. After Haas Ling. Posn. 3,76ff. ξαίνω, ξέω, ξύω belong as `protoidg.' to NHG hauen a. cognates, like ὀξύς to ὠκύς etc. (?). The (root)form ξαν- is difficult to explain from IE.; so Pre-Greek? Note also the unexplained ἐπίξηνον.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξαίνω
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106 πλύνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: ( πλύνεσκον Χ 155), aor. πλῦναι (Od.), fut. πλῠν-έω (ep. Ion.), -ῶ (Att.), pass. perf. πέπλυμαι (IA.), aor. πλυθῆναι (hell.), fut. - θήσομαι (Com. Adesp.).Derivatives: Adj. 1. νεό-, ἔκ-πλυ-τος `newly washed, washed out' (ζ 64 and A., Pl.), πλυτός `washed' (Hp.); 2. ἐϋ-πλυν-ής `washed well' (Od.); 3. πλυν-τικός `belonging to washing' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 135), πλυ-τικός `id.' (Alex. Aphr.). Subst. 4. πλυνοί m. pl. `washing pits, -troughs, -sites' (Hom., hell.; Chantraine Form. 192) with the dimin. πλύνιον n. (inscr. Sicily); with barytonesis 5. πλύνος m. `laundry' (pap., ostr.; Mayser Pap. I: 3, 3); unclear Ar. Pl. 1061; with πλυνεύς m. `washer' (Att. inscr., Poll.; cf. Bosshardt 81). Further nom. actionis: 6. πλύσις ( περί-, κατά-, ἀπό- πλύνω) f. `washing' (IA.), late ἀπόπλυν-σις (Sophon.); πλύσιμος `belonging to laundry' (pap. IIIa); 7. πλύμα ( ἀπό-, περί- πλύνω; πλύσμα Phot., also mss.) n. `washing-, swilling water, swill' (Hp., Pl. Com., Arist., pap.); 8. πλυσμός πλυτήρ H. Nom. agentis a. istr.: 9. πλύν-τρια f. `washer (fem.)' (Att. inscr., Poll.), - τρίς f. `id.' (Ar.), also `fuller's earth' (botanics in Thphr.; Capelle RhM 104, 58), masc. πλύν-της (Poll.), πλύ-της (EM, Choerob.); also πλυτήρ (H.; s. above) and *πλυν-τήρ in Πλυν-τήρ-ια n. pl. name of a purification-festival (Att. inscr., X.) with - ιών, - ιῶνος m. monthname (Thasos), if not rather analog. after other subst. in - τήρια, - τήριον (s. Chantraine Form. 63 f.); thus κατα-πλυντηρ-ίζω metaph. `to shower with abusive words' prop. `to immerse in swilling water, to drench with swilling water'?; 10. πλύν-τρον n. = πλύμα (Arist.). pl. `payment for washing' (pap. IIIa, Poll.).Etymology: As κρί̄νω from *κρί-ν-ι̯ω, πλύ̄νω from *πλύ-ν-ι̯ω is a nasalpresent with a further yot-suffix; the nasal came also in non-pres. forms; cf. Schwyzer 694. As a whole πλύνω is a Greek creation, but on IE basis (on Armen. bel.). Thus πλυτός agrees formally with Skt. pluta- `swimming, overrun' (first in compp., e.g. uda-plu-t-á- `swimming in the water' [AV]), also with Russ. plot `raft', Latv. pluts `id.' (Russ. LW [loanword]?). Thus πλύσις = Skt. pluti- f., as gramm. expression `vowellengthening', late also `flood'; at least in the lastmentioned case we must reckon with parallel innovation. Both these zero grade forms as perf. midd. pu-plu-v-e a.o. fit in the full-grade present plávate = πλέω; a zero-grade pres., also with nasalsuffix, is found in Arm. lua-na-m (aor. lua-c`i), which agrees also semantically ('wash, bathe') to πλύνω. -- Further s. πλέω and πλώω. (Prob. no to πύελος.)Page in Frisk: 2,564-565Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλύνω
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107 που
που, [dialect] Ion. [full] κου, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ποι Sapph.Supp.25.17, Pi.P.5.101, BCH37.157 (Cyme, iii B.C.), prob. in Alc.9:—enclit. Adv.A anywhere, somewhere, Il.16.514, etc.; freq. with other Advs. of Place, οὐχ ἑκάς π. somewhere not far off, S.Ph.41; πέλας π. ib. 163(anap.); μηδαμοῦ.. π. ib. 256 (dub.l.);π. πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ X.An.4.3.3
;ἄλλοθί π. D.4.41
;τῇδέ π. Plb.3.108.3
, etc.: c.gen., ἀλλά π. αὐτοῦ ἀγρῶν in some part there of the fields, Od.4.639; ἐμβαλεῖν π. (fort. ποι) τῆς χώρας some part of the country, X.Cyr.6.1.42;εἴ π. τῆς χώρας ταὐτὸ τοῦτο πάθος συνέβη D.18.195
.II without reference to Place, in some degree,καί πού τι Th.2.87
: freq. to qualify an expression, perhaps, I suppose, Hom., etc.; added to introductory Particles,οὕτω π... Il.2.116
;Ζεὺς μέν π. τό γε οἶδε 3.308
;ὡς ὅτε π. 11.292
; ἤν π., εἰ μή π., X.Hier.3.2, Pl.R. 372a: strengthd.,τάχ' ἄν π. S.OT 1116
;ἴσως π. E. El. 518
: attached to single words to limit their significance,πάντως κ. Hdt.3.73
; τί π. δράσεις; what in the world? A.Pr. 743;οὐδείς π. Pl.Phlb. 64d
; with numerals, ἔτεα τρία καὶ δέκα κ. μάλιστα about thirteen years, Hdt.1.119, cf. 209,7.22, etc.: οὔ τί που denies with indignation or wonder, surely it cannot be..,οὔ τί π. οὗτος Ἀπόλλων Pi.P.4.87
, cf. S.Ph. 1233, Ar.Nu. 1260, Pax 1211, Ra. 522, Pl.R. 362d, etc.; οὐ δήπου adds a shade of suspicion,οὐ δήπου Στράτων; Ar.Ach. 122
, cf. Av. 269, Pl.Smp. 194b: for δήπου, ἦπου, v. sub vocc.—In late writers ( LXX Jo.2.5, al., Ev.Jo.7.35, al., Arr.Epict.1.27.9, 4.1.93, etc.) ποῦ, που take the place of ποῖ, ποι, with Verbs of motion, as in Engl. where for whither? This idiom (condemned by Phryn.30, ποῦ ἄπει.. ἁμάρτημα) is found occasionally in early authors,ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχονται; Il.13.219
;ἐξελθών που Antipho 2.4.8
;ἰόντα που X.Cyr.1.2.16
; but in pure [dialect] Att. only as f.l. for ποῖ, ποι. -
108 μίμαρκυς
μίμαρκυς, - υοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `hare-soup, jugged hare' from the intestines with their blood (com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Seems to have reduplication (Schwyzer 423 w. n. 8). A striking, hardly accidental agreement shows a synonymous Germ. word, OE mearh `sausage', Norw. mor `meat-sausage from intestines', OWNo. mǫrr `the fat inside a slaughtered animal' etc., PGm. *márhu-, IE *márku- or *mórku- (Lidén IF 18, 407f., KZ 41, 398f., Meijerbergs Arkiv 1 [Göteborg 1939] 76 ff.); it must then be a very old anatomical expression of cattle-breeders; cf. ἤνυστρον. Further connections are Hitt. mark-, e.g. 3. pl. markanzi `they cut apart'. Not here (thus Chantr.) Lat. murcus `maimed' (WP. 2, 278, Pok. 737, also W.-Hofmann s. marceō). Acc. to Neumann Heth. u. luv. Sprachgut 85 f. μίμαρκυς would have been a loan from Hitt. or another IE Anat. language. - I agree with Fur. 366 n. 95 that the word cannot be IE; the redupl. is clearly Pre-Greek. (DELG reference must be Pok. 737.)Page in Frisk: 2,238Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μίμαρκυς
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109 ἔπος
I word, παύρῳ ἔπει in short utterance, Pi.O. 13.98 ;ἐπέων κόσμος Parm.8.52
, Democr.21 ;ἔπους σμικροῦ χάριν S. OC 443
;λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες Th.3.67
: generally, that which is uttered in words, speech, tale,ἔπος ἐρέειν Il.3.83
, etc.;φάσθαι Xenoph. 7.3
, Parm.1.23, etc.; joined with μῦθος, Od.4.597, 11.561.—Special uses,4 word of a deity, oracle, Od.12.266, Hdt.1.13, etc.6 word, opp. deed, ἔπε' ἀκράαντα words of none effect, opp. ἔτυμα, Od.19.565, cf. E.HF 111 (lyr.); opp. ἔργον, Il.15.234, Od.2.272, etc., cf. 11.1 ; (Elis, vi B.C.); opp. βίη, Il.15.106 ; opp. χεῖρες, 1.77 (pl.).II later usages,1 joined with ἔργον orπρᾶγμα Heraclit.1
, A.Pers. 174 (troch.), Ar.Eq.39, etc.;ἔργῳ τε καὶ ἔπει Pl. Lg. 879c
;ἅμα ἔπος τε καὶ ἔργον ἐποίεε Hdt.3.134
;χρηστὰ ἔργα καὶ ἔπεα ποιέειν Id.1.90
.b word in exchange for word, ἀμείβεσθαι, ἀποκρίνεσθαι, of an oracle, Id.Alex.19, Philops.38 ; alsoἔ. δ' ἀμείβου πρὸς ἔ. A.Eu. 586
, cf. Ar.Nu. 1375, Pl.Sph. 217d.c οὐδὲν πρὸς ἔ. to no purpose, Ar.Ec. 751 ; also, nothing to the purpose,ἐὰν μηδὲν πρὸς ἔ. ἀποκρίνωμαι Pl.Euthd. 295c
, cf. Luc.Herm.36 ; τί πρὸς ἔπος; Pl.Phlb. 18d.4 ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν almost, practically, qualifying a too absolute expression, esp. with πᾶς and οὐδείς (not with metaphors), Pl.Ap. 17a, Phd. 78e, Grg. 456a, al., Arist.Metaph. 1009b16, Pol. 1252b29, D.9.47, etc. ; opp. ὄντως or ἀκριβεῖ λόγῳ, Pl.Lg. 656e, R. 341b ; laterὡς ἔ. ἐστὶν εἰπεῖν POxy.67.14
(iv A.D.) ; in Trag.,ὡς εἰπεῖν ἔ. A.Pers. 714
(troch.), E.Heracl. 167,Hipp. 1162, once in Pl.,Lg. 967b(s.v.l.).5 ἑνὶ ἔπει in one word, briefly,ἑνὶ ἔπεϊ πάντα συλλαβόντα λέγειν Hdt.3.82
.III of single words, esp. with ref. to etymology or usage, Id.2.30, Ar. Nu. 638, Pl.Prt. 339a, etc.; ὀρθότης ἐπῶν,= ὀρθοέπεια (q.v.), Ar.Ra. 1181 ; ἄριστ' ἐπῶν ἔχον ib. 1161.IV in pl., epic poetry, opp. μέλη (lyric poetry), ἰαμβεῖα, διθύραμβοι, etc.,ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων ἀοιδοί Pi.N.2.2
;τὰ Κύπρια ἔπεα Hdt.2.117
, cf. Th.1.3, X.Mem.1.4.3, Pl.R. 379a, etc. ;ἔπεά τε ποιεῖν πρὸς λύραν τ' ἀείδειν Theoc.Ep.21.6
;νικήσας ἔπος IG3.1020
; ποητὴς ἐπῶν ib.7.3197.9 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), cf. OGI51.37 (Egypt, iii B.C.).b generally, poetry, even lyrics, Alcm.25(prob.), Pi.O.3.8, etc.c lines, verses, esp. of spoken lines in the drama, Ar.Ra. 862, 956, etc.: sg., verse, line of poetry, Hdt.4.29, Pl.Min. 319d ; group of verses, Id.R. 386c, Hdt.7.143.d lines of writing,μυρίων ἐπῶν μῆκος Isoc.12.136
; ἐν ὅλοις ἑπτὰ ἔπεσι παραδραμεῖν, of a historian, Luc.Hist.Conscr.28. -
110 ἐλεφαίρομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `deceive' (Ψ 388, τ 565), also `damage, destroy' (Hes. Th. 330).Other forms: Aor. ptc. ἐλεφηράμενοςDialectal forms: Myc. erepairo? \/Elephairōn?\/Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: In H. also active forms ( ἐλεφαίρειν, ἐλεφῆραι), explained with ( ἐξ)απατᾶν, βλάπτειν, ἀδικεῖν. Old, rarely occurring epic expression with unstable meaning, of unclear formation und uncertain etymology. The ending - αίρω seems to point to an r-stem (*ἔλεφαρ?), but could also be suffixal. The stem recurs in PN Έλεφ-ήνωρ, but could stand for *Ελεφηρ-ήνωρ with dissimilatory shortening (Sommer Nominalkomp. 170 n.2). From Greek one compares ὀλοφώϊος `deceiving, noxious', which is itself unclear. An acceptable connection would be Lith. vìlbinti `allure, befool'. Cf. Bechtel Lex. s. v., and Schwyzer 724 w. n. 11. Goto, Kuryɫowicz Memorial Volume 1, 1995, 365-370 suggests to connect Skt. upa-valha-te `to puzzle, confuse by means of riddle' (the Skt. -h- does not agree).Page in Frisk: 1,493Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλεφαίρομαι
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111 καινός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `new, newly found, unexpected' (IA.).Compounds: Often as 1st member, e. g. in καινο-τομέω (: καινὰ τέμνειν), prop. expression of mining `cut out a new (type of) stone'', metaphor. `introduce innovations (in the state)' with - τομία, - τόμος (Att.), καινο-ποιέω `introduce innovations, renovate' (S., Plb.) with - ποιΐα, - ποιητής, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 90f.Derivatives: Ab (NT) with ( ἀνα-)καίνωσις (J., NT). - EN Καινίας, Καίνιος a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 229), Καινεύς with Καινεΐδης (Boßhardt Die Nom. astracts καινότης `innovation' (Att.). - Denomin. verbs: 1. καινίζω `innovate' (Trag.), also with prefix, esp. ἀνα- (Isoc., Str., Plu.), ἐγ- (LXX, NT); from there ( ἐγ-)καίνισις, - ισμός (LXX); postverbal ἐγκαίνια pl. `consecration of a temple' (LXX, NT). - 2. καινόω `innovate' (Hdt., Th.), ἀνα-καινόςuf - ευς 128, Debrunner Άντίδωρον 32).Etymology: One compares Av. kainī̆(n)-, Skt. gen. pl. kanī́nām `girls', with the full grade nom. ag. kanyā̀ `girl' (reinterpreted as ā-stem) and the adj. kanī́na- `young' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. 3, 112f.; also K. Hoffmann Münch. Stud. 6, 38); primary comp. kánīyas-, kániṣṭha-. Doubtful is however OWelsh cein `beautiful' (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 23). - A remote cognate further Lat. recēns `fresh, new, young'; if from re-cen-t-, it belongs as primary t-derivation to a verb `rise freshly, come up, begin' in OIr. cinim `rise', OCS. vъ-, na-čьnǫ, -čęti `begin' (IE. * ken-). More forms in Bq s. v., W.-Hofmann s. recēns, Pok. 563f. - Not with Wackernagel Verm. Beiträge 38f. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 799f.) to καίνυμαι, κέκασμαι from *καιδνός.Page in Frisk: 1,754Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καινός
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112 κλαίω
κλαίω (Hom.+) impf. ἔκλαιον; fut. (B-D-F §77; Mlt-H. 244) κλαύσω (TestJob, ApcMos, Just., Tat.) and κλαύσομαι (LXX; Rv 18:9 v.l.; Hv 3, 3, 2; Jos., Bell. 1, 628; SibOr 5, 170); 1 aor. ἔκλαυσα; mid.-pass. ἐκλαύσθην; fut. κλαυσθήσομαι LXX.① weep, cry Mk 14:72; Lk 7:38; J 11:31, 33; 20:11, 13, 15; Ac 9:39; 21:13; 1 Cl 48:1; Hv 4, 1, 7; GJs 3:1 v.l.; AcPl Ha 1, 31; 6, 4. πικρῶς (q.v.) Mt 26:75; Lk 22:62; GJs 13:1; 15:3. πολύ vehemently Rv 5:4. πολλά Ac 8:24 D; λίαν κ. weep bitterly Hm 3:3. μὴ κλαῖε, μὴ κλαίετε do not weep Lk 7:13; 8:52b; 23:28a; Rv 5:5. Of mourning for the dead (s. on ἀλαλάζω 1) Mk 5:38f; Lk 7:32; 8:52. ἐπί w. acc. over (Judg 14:17 A; TestJob 40:11 al.; s. B-D-F §233, 2) Lk 19:41; 23:28ab. Also ἐπί τινι (Plut., Mor. 216d; Synes., Ep. 140 p. 277a; Sir 22:11) Lk 19:41 v.l. (on weeping and lamenting over the imminent destruction of Jerusalem cp. τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ πόλει θρῆνον by Jesus, son of Ananias: Jos., Bell. 6, 304–9). W. κόπτεσθαι (Jos., Ant. 13, 399; on lamentation for one yet living cp. Thetis for Achilles Il. 18, 52–64; Andromache for Hector 6, 407–39.) Lk 8:52; Rv 18:9; GPt 12:52, 54. W. λυπεῖσθαι (TestZeb 4:8; ParJer 7:26; Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 1]) GPt 14:59. W. πενθεῖν (POxy 528, 8 νυκτὸς κλαίων ἡμέρας δὲ πενθῶν) Mk 16:10; Lk 6:25; Js 4:9; Rv 18:11, 15, 19; GPt 7:27.—As an expression of any feeling of sadness, care, or anxiety J 16:20 (w. θρηνεῖν, as Iren. 1, 14, 8 [Harv. I 143, 4]); 1 Cor 7:30; Js 5:1. (Opp. γελᾶν) Lk 6:21, 25; GJs 17:2. (Opp. χαίρειν as Hippocr., Ep. 17, 49) J 16:20; Ro 12:15 (cp. Diod S 13, 22, 5); Hv 3, 3, 2. κλαίων λέγω I say with tears Phil 3:18; Hv 1, 2, 2. κλαίουσα προσεύξομαι GJs 2:4 (sc. cod. A).② weep for, bewail τινά someone trans. (as early as Hom.; Sb 4313, 15; Jer 8:23; 22:10; 1 Macc 9:20; TestSim 9; ParJer 4:5; ApcEsdr 6:25 p. 32, 4 Tdf.; Ar. 11:3; Just., D. 78, 8; Tat. 8:4) Mt 2:18; Rv 18:9 v.l. (B-D-F §148, 2; Rob. 475).—MGolden, Did the Ancients Care When Their Children Died?: Greece and Rome 35, ’88, 152–63; IMorris, Death, Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity ’92.—B. 1129. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
113 ἁπλῶς
ἁπλῶς adv. fr. ἁπλοῦς (Aeschyl.+).① pert. to being straightforward, simply, above board, sincerely, openly of guileless response to someth. that arrests one’s attention (Demosth. 23, 178; M. Ant. 3, 6, 3 al.; Epict. 2, 2, 13; Philo, Ebr. 76; Just., D. 65, 2; Ath., R. 60, 32 al.; Iren. 5, 30, 1 [Harv. II 407, 6; w. ἀκακῶς]) w. διδόναι without reservation Js 1:5 (s. MDibelius ad loc.; HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 9, ’44, 33–41); Hm 2:4 without having second thoughts about the donation (s. ἁπλότης 1) ἁ. τι τελέσαι fulfill someth. without reservation Hm 2:6a, cp. b. Pray wholeheartedly, with confidence προσευχὰς ἀναφέρειν 2 Cl 2:2. Comp. ἁπλούστερον (Isaeus 4, 2) γράφειν write very plainly B 6:5 (cp. Iren. 1, prol. 3 [Harv. I 6, 5]).② pert. to simplicity in verbal expressionⓐ in short, in a word (Epict. 3, 15, 3; 3, 22, 96; Just., A I, 67, 6 ἁ. πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι ‘in brief, all who are in need’, D. 5, 4 al.; Iren., 1, 18, 3 [Harv. I 172, 17]) ἁ. εἰπεῖν (TestAbr 10 p. 87, 27 [Stone p. 22]; 17 p. 99, 28 [St. p. 46]) to put it succinctly Dg 6:1 (the mng. frankly or bluntly i.e. not obliquely or deviously [M. Ant. 5, 7, 2; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 844–47a ἁπλῶς κ. κατὰ ἀλήθειαν ἐξειπεῖν=to state it simply and as it really is] is less prob. here, for the preceding context consists of explicit details).ⓑ simply, at all w. neg. expr. (reff. in Riesenf., op. cit. 37f, and Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 224 Jac. p. 582, 18 ἁ. οὐδείς; Diod S 3, 8, 5 ἁ. οὐ; Just., A II, 2, 16, D. 6, 1; Eur., Rhesus 851) ἁ. οὐ δύναμαι ἐξηγήσασθαι I simply cannot describe ApcPt 3:9.—M-M. Spicq. -
114 λύσις
A loosing, releasing, ransoming,νεκροῖο Il.24.655
;σώματος Lys.4.13
;ἡ λ. τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἐγρήγορσις Arist.Somn.Vig. 454b27
: c. gen. objecti, θανάτου λ. deliverance from death, Od.9.421, Thgn.1010;λ. ἔριδος Hes.Th. 637
; ;πενίης Thgn.180
;λύσιν αἰτησόμενοι τῶν παρεόντων κακῶν Hdt. 6.139
;πενθέων Pi.N.10.76
;μόχθων τῶν ἐφεστώτων S.Tr. 1171
;τῶν δειμάτων Th.2.102
;τῶν δεσμῶν Pl.R. 515c
; ἀπὸ τῶν δεσμῶν ib. 532b;ἐκ χαλεπῶν Thgn.1385
;βλασφημίας D.Ep.3.39
; (iv/v A. D.).2 abs., οὐ γὰρ λ. ἄλλη στρατῷ πρὸς οἶκον no other means of letting the host loose from port for home, S.El. 573.3 deliverance from guilt by expiatory rites, ὅπως λ. τιν' ἡμὶν εὐαγῆ πόρῃς may'st grant us a deliverance such as may purify us, Id.OT 921; οὐδ' ἔχει λύσιν [τὰ πήματα] admit not of atonement, Id.Ant. 598 (lyr.); ; τῇ [τῆς φιλοσοφίας] λύσει καὶ καθαρμῷ by her offer to release them, Id.Phd. 82d; αἱ νομιζόμεναι λ., in cases of homicide, Arist.Pol. 1262a32; λ. ἁμαρτημάτων blotting out of sins, Ph.2.151.4 redemption of mortgage or pledge, [χωρίον] πεπραμένον ἐπὶ λύσει IG2.1103
, al., cf. 12(7).55.14 ([place name] Amorgos), 12(8).18 ([place name] Lemnos).b release, discharge from a financial obligation, (i B. C.), etc.II loosing, parting,λ. καὶ χωρισμὸς ψυχῆς ἀπὸ σώματος Pl.Phd. 67d
; simply,ἡ τοῦ σώματος λ. Id.Ax. 371a
; dissolution, ;νόμων ἢ πολιτείας Arist.Pol. 1268b30
;βίου λύσιν ἔσχε IG14.140
([place name] Syracuse);λ. κομήτου Phlp.in Mete.86.25
; τῶν σφραγίδων αἱ λ. breaking them, Luc.Alex. 20.2 emptying, evacuation, πείνη μέν που λ. καὶ λύπη; Pl.Phlb. 31e; ἡ λ. τῶν κοιλιῶν, κοιλίας, Arist.Pr. 947b29, Dsc.1.64 (v.l.); emission of semen, Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.125 (pl.).3 λ. πυρετοῦ remission of fever, Gal.11.28; λ., opp. κρίσις, Id.9.732; cure, Anon.Lond.3.20; τὰ πάθη defined as συστολαὶ καὶ λύσεις (v.l. χύσεις) τῆς ψυχῆς, opp. κρίσεις, Zeno Stoic.3.113 = 1.51.4 as a technical term,a solution of a difficulty, ἡ λ. τῆς ἀπορίας its solution, Arist.EN 1146b7, al.; ἔχει τινὰ λ. πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ἀπορίαν, ὅτι .. Id.de An. 422b28;οὐ συμβαίνει ἡ λ. Id.EN 1153b5
;ὅταν τὸ θάμβος.. μὴ δύνηται τὴν λ. λαμβάνειν Epicur.Ep.1p.29U.
;εὑρεῖν λ. τοῦ προβλήματος Plb.30.19.5
;λ. εὑρέσθαι Phld.Rh.1.267
S.; also, interpretation,σημείων τεράτων τε λύσεις Orph.A.37
.d softening of a strong expression, Longin.38.5.g in metric, resolution of ¯ into [pron. full] ?λύσιςX?λύσιςX, Heph.6. -
115 ἐμπάζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `care about something, for something' (Il.; mostly with negation);Other forms: only pres.Etymology: No good etymology. Connection with ἔμπης `in any case' (s. v.) is semantically difficult. Because of the Swed. expression for `care for something' fästa sig vid något prop. "to attach yourself to" one might think of an original *ἐμ-πάγ-ι̯ομαι, to ἐμ-πᾰγῆναι (Ion. πᾰκ-τός, πᾰκτοῦν). - Not with Lagercrantz KZ 34, 392ff. from *ἔμπω after μαπέειν `take' (formally impossible). Unclear ἐμπαστῆρας μύθων πιστωτάς, μάρτυρας H., which Latte corrects in *ἐμπιστῆρας. - A.Β. (RPh. 70, 1996) connects * peh₂- `protect' (Beekes, Development 173); but cf. Pok. 787 *peh₂k\/g- `fit together'.Page in Frisk: 1,505Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐμπάζομαι
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116 κολετράω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `trample on' (Ar. Nu. 552),Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: After H. expression of the oïl-preparation: ἀπὸ τῶν τὰς ἐλαίας πατούντων, ὅ δη λέγουσι κολετρᾶν. - Supposes a substantive *κόλετρον or *κολέτρα, so an instrument noun or nomen loci of unknown meaning. Connection with κόλος, κολάπτω etc. does not help much. (Curtius 362 compares Lat. calcitrāre; s. W.-Hofmann s.1. calx.) - Prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,898Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολετράω
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117 κομψός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `fine, elegant, spiritual, cunning' (Att.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. περί-κομψος `very fine' (Ar.).Derivatives: κομψότης `nicety, elegance' (Pl.), κομψεύομαι (- εύω) `be spiritual, be smart' (Pl.) with κομψεία (Pl., Luc.), κόμψευμα (Arist., Luc., Gal.) `smart expression, ingeniousness'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On κομψός as idea of style s. H. Wersdörfer Die φιλοσοφία des Isokrates im Spiegel ihrer Terminologie (Leipzig 1940) S. 105f., 127f. Since long (Bezzenberger-Fick BB 6, 237) connected with Lith. švánkus `fine, reasonable' (cf. Schwyzer 302). Doubts by Chantraine REGr. 58, 90ff., who wants connection with κομέω, κομμόομαι, morphologically not quite easy (through *κομ-σός). On the suffix s. Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff. - Hardly IE, so prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,910Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κομψός
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118 ῥυτός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: only in ῥυτοῖσιν λάεσσι (ζ 267, ξ 10).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Like ῥυ-τήρ, ῥυ-μός a.o. explained from ἐρύω `draw, pluck'; often interpreted as `drawn near' (thus also above s. ἐρύω), not quite convincing, as one expects rather a technical expression; it is doubtful a the ἐ- is of unclear origin. -- After Schulze Q. 318 identical with Lat. rūta ( caesa) `dug out (and felled)'; phonetically unacceptable, though perh. factually correct; ῥυτός like rūta metaph. = `unworked, raw' (opposite ξεστοῖσι λίθοισι)? -- Cf. Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,16. -- After Deroy REGr. 67, 1ff. Pre-Greek and cognate with Lat. rūdera (which would be Etruscan). Cf. Chamoux REGr. 65 (1952)284.Page in Frisk: 2,667Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥυτός
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