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that's+no+bloody+good!

  • 1 bloody

    1. adjective
    1) blutig; (running with blood) blutend
    2) (sl.): (damned) verdammt (salopp)

    you bloody fool! — du Vollidiot! (salopp)

    3) (Brit.) as intensifier einzig

    that/he is a bloody nuisance — das ist vielleicht ein Mist (salopp) /der geht einem vielleicht od. ganz schön auf den Wecker (ugs.)

    2. adverb
    1) (sl.): (damned) verdammt (salopp)
    2) (Brit.) as intensifier verdammt (salopp)
    3. transitive verb
    (make bloody) blutig machen; (stain with blood) mit Blut beflecken
    * * *
    1) (stained with blood: a bloody shirt; His clothes were torn and bloody.) blutbefleckt
    2) (bleeding: a bloody nose.) blutig
    3) (murderous and cruel: a bloody battle.) blutig
    4) (used in slang vulgarly for emphasis: That bloody car ran over my foot!)
    * * *
    [ˈblʌdi]
    I. adj
    1. (with blood) blutig
    to have a \bloody nose aus der Nase bluten
    to give sb a \bloody nose (fight) jdm die Nase blutig schlagen; ( fig: defeat) jdm zeigen, wer der Stärkere ist
    2. attr (violent) gewalttätig, grausam; war blutig
    3. attr, inv BRIT, AUS (fam!: emphasis) verdammt sl
    you took your \bloody time! du hast dir verdammt lange Zeit gelassen!
    you're a \bloody genius du bist [mir] vielleicht ein Genie!
    [what the] \bloody hell! (in surprise) Wahnsinn! fam; (in anger) verdammt [nochmal] sl
    what the \bloody hell do you think you're doing in my office? was zum Teufel haben Sie hier in meinem Büro verloren? sl
    not a \bloody thing überhaupt nichts
    4.
    ▶ to scream \bloody murder esp AM brüllen wie am Spieß
    II. adv inv BRIT, AUS (fam!) total fam, verdammt fam
    to be \bloody awful schrecklich [o sl zum Kotzen] sein
    not \bloody likely! kommt nicht infrage!
    \bloody marvellous [or terrific] ( also iron) großartig a. iron
    \bloody stupid total bescheuert sl
    to be \bloody useless zu gar nichts taugen
    to \bloody well do sth einfach etw tun
    I wish you'd stop complaining and \bloody well get on with your job ich wünschte, du würdest aufhören zu jammern und einfach deine Arbeit weitermachen
    III. vt
    <- ie->
    ▪ to \bloody sth etw mit Blut besudeln
    * * *
    ['blʌdɪ]
    1. adj (+er)
    1) (lit) nose, bandage, battle blutig

    to give sb a bloody nose (fig) (in contest) — jdm einen Denkzettel verpassen; (in war) jdm eine Niederlage beibringen

    2) (Brit inf = damned) verdammt (inf), Scheiß- (inf); (in positive sense) genius, wonder echt (inf), verdammt (inf)

    it was a bloody nuisance/waste of time — Mann or Mensch, das war vielleicht ein Quatsch (inf) or Scheiß (inf)/das war reine Zeitverschwendung

    I haven't got any bloody time he hasn't got a bloody hope — verdammt noch mal, ich hab keine Zeit (inf) Mensch or Mann, der hat doch überhaupt keine Chance (inf)

    bloody hell! — verdammt! (inf), Scheiße! (inf); (in indignation) verdammt noch mal! (inf); (in amazement) Menschenskind! (inf), meine Fresse! (sl)

    he is a bloody marvel — er ist echt or verdammt gut (inf)

    3) (inf: awful) gräulich (inf); person, behaviour abscheulich
    2. adv (Brit inf)
    verdammt (inf), saumäßig (inf); hot, cold, stupid sau- (inf); (in positive sense) good, brilliant echt (inf), verdammt (inf)

    that's bloody useless, that's no bloody good — das ist doch Scheiße (inf)

    not bloody likely — da ist überhaupt nichts drin (inf)

    he can bloody well do it himself — das soll er schön alleine machen, verdammt noch mal! (inf)

    3. vt
    blutig machen
    * * *
    A adj (adv bloodily)
    1. blutig:
    a) blutbefleckt
    b) blutend
    a bloody battle eine blutige Schlacht
    2. Blut…:
    bloody flux MED rote Ruhr
    3. → academic.ru/7650/bloodthirsty">bloodthirsty
    4. besonders Br sl verdammt, verflucht (oft nur verstärkend):
    bloody fool Vollidiot m pej;
    bloody hell! Scheiße!;
    not a bloody soul keine Menschenseele, kein Schwanz
    B adv besonders Br sl verdammt, verflucht (oft nur verstärkend):
    bloody awful saumäßig;
    bloody cold saukalt;
    bloody good echt gut;
    not bloody likely! kommt überhaupt nicht infrage!;
    he can bloody well wait der Kerl kann ruhig warten
    C v/t
    1. blutig machen, mit Blut beflecken:
    bloody one’s hands sich die Hände blutig machen
    2. bloody sb’s nose jemandem die Nase blutig schlagen
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) blutig; (running with blood) blutend
    2) (sl.): (damned) verdammt (salopp)
    3) (Brit.) as intensifier einzig

    that/he is a bloody nuisance — das ist vielleicht ein Mist (salopp) /der geht einem vielleicht od. ganz schön auf den Wecker (ugs.)

    2. adverb
    1) (sl.): (damned) verdammt (salopp)
    2) (Brit.) as intensifier verdammt (salopp)
    3. transitive verb
    (make bloody) blutig machen; (stain with blood) mit Blut beflecken
    * * *
    adj.
    blutig adj.

    English-german dictionary > bloody

  • 2 bloody

    1) (stained with blood: a bloody shirt; His clothes were torn and bloody.) ensangrentado
    2) (bleeding: a bloody nose.) que sangra
    3) (murderous and cruel: a bloody battle.) sangriento
    4) (used in slang vulgarly for emphasis: That bloody car ran over my foot!) maldito
    bloody adj sangriento
    tr['blʌdɪ]
    adjective (comp bloodier, superl bloodiest)
    1 (battle) sangriento,-a
    2 slang (damned) puñetero,-a, mierda de
    ■ answer the bloody phone! ¡coge el teléfono, coño!
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    it's a bloody nuisance es un coñazo
    bloody hell! ¡hostia!
    Bloody Mary SMALLHISTORY/SMALL María Tudor 2 (drink) bloody mary nombre masculino (vodka con zumo de tomate)
    bloody ['blʌdi] adj, bloodier ; - est : ensangrentado, sangriento
    adj.
    • cruento, -a adj.
    • encarnizado, -a adj.
    • ensangrentado, -a adj.
    • maldito, -a adj.
    • sangriento, -a adj.
    • sanguinolento, -a adj.
    v.
    • ensangrentar v.

    I 'blʌdi
    adjective -dier, -diest
    1)
    a) <hands/clothes> ensangrentado; < wound> que sangra, sangrante
    b) < battle> sangriento
    2) (esp BrE vulg or colloq) (no comp) (expressing annoyance, surprise, shock etc)

    where's that bloody dog? — ¿dónde está ese maldito or puñetero or (Méx) pinche perro? (fam)

    turn that bloody television off! — apaga esa televisión, carajo! (vulg)

    bloody hell! — coño! (vulg), chingado! (Méx vulg), hostias! (Esp vulg)


    II
    adverb (BrE vulg or colloq) (as intensifier)

    III
    transitive verb -dies, -dying, -died manchar de sangre
    ['blʌdɪ]
    1. ADJ
    (compar bloodier) (superl bloodiest)
    1) (lit) (=bloodstained) [hands, dress] ensangrentado, manchado de sangre; (=cruel) [battle] sangriento, cruento frm; [steak] sanguinolento
    2) (Brit)
    **

    shut the bloody door! — ¡cierra la puerta, coño! ***, ¡me cago en diez, cierra esa puerta! **

    that bloody dog! — ¡ese puñetero perro! **

    you bloody idiot! — ¡maldito imbécil! *

    I'm a bloody genius! — ¡la leche, soy un genio! **, ¡joder, qué genio soy! ***

    bloody hell! — ¡maldita sea! *, ¡joder! ***

    2.
    ADV
    (Brit) **

    not bloody likely! — ¡ni hablar!, ¡ni de coña! **

    he can bloody well do it himself! — ¡que lo haga él, leche! **, ¡que lo haga él, coño! ***

    that's no bloody good! — ¡me cago en la mar, eso no vale para nada! **, ¡eso no vale para nada, joder! ***

    it's a bloody awful place — es un sitio asqueroso, es un sitio de mierda ***

    he runs bloody fast — corre que se las pela *, corre (de) la hostia ***

    3.
    VT

    he was bloodied but unbowed — (fig) había sufrido pero no se daba por vencido

    4.
    CPD
    * * *

    I ['blʌdi]
    adjective -dier, -diest
    1)
    a) <hands/clothes> ensangrentado; < wound> que sangra, sangrante
    b) < battle> sangriento
    2) (esp BrE vulg or colloq) (no comp) (expressing annoyance, surprise, shock etc)

    where's that bloody dog? — ¿dónde está ese maldito or puñetero or (Méx) pinche perro? (fam)

    turn that bloody television off! — apaga esa televisión, carajo! (vulg)

    bloody hell! — coño! (vulg), chingado! (Méx vulg), hostias! (Esp vulg)


    II
    adverb (BrE vulg or colloq) (as intensifier)

    III
    transitive verb -dies, -dying, -died manchar de sangre

    English-spanish dictionary > bloody

  • 3 bloody

    I adj BrE vulg sl

    It was there all the bloody time — Блин, да это никуда и не девалось

    Just a bloody minute! — Одну минутку, черт возьми!

    Don't be a bloody fool! — Не валяй дурака, твою мать!

    II adv BrE vulg sl III expl BrE vulg sl

    I got my bloody foot bloody caught in the bloody chair — Я зацепил, блин, ногой за долбаный, блин, стул

    "Will you lend me ten pounds?" "Not bloody likely" — "Ты можешь мне одолжить десять фунтов?" - "Черта с два!"

    The new dictionary of modern spoken language > bloody

  • 4 bloody ***

    ['blʌdɪ]
    1. adj
    1) (bleeding) sanguinante, che sanguina, (bloodstained) insanguinato (-a), (cruel: battle, feud) sanguinoso (-a)
    2) Brit fam maledetto (-a), dannato (-a)

    this bloody... — questo maledetto...

    I'm a bloody genius! — madonna, che genio che sono!

    2. adv Brit

    she runs bloody fast! — cavolo, se corre veloce!

    English-Italian dictionary > bloody ***

  • 5 bloody

    ['blʌdɪ] 1.
    1) (covered in blood) [hand, sword, rag] insanguinato

    to give sb. a bloody nose — fare sanguinare il naso a qcn.; fig. conciare male qcn

    2) (violent) [battle, deed] sanguinoso, cruento; [regime, tyrant] sanguinario
    3) BE pop. (expressing anger) maledetto
    4) (red) rosso sangue
    2.
    avverbio BE pop. (for emphasis) [dangerous, difficult, expensive] maledettamente
    * * *
    1) (stained with blood: a bloody shirt; His clothes were torn and bloody.) insanguinato
    2) (bleeding: a bloody nose.) sanguinante
    3) (murderous and cruel: a bloody battle.) sanguinosa
    4) (used in slang vulgarly for emphasis: That bloody car ran over my foot!) maledetto, dannato
    * * *
    bloody (1) /ˈblʌdɪ/
    a.
    1 insanguinato; sanguinante: a bloody handkerchief, un fazzoletto insanguinato; bloody nose, naso che sanguina; to give sb. a bloody nose, far sanguinare il naso a q. con un pugno
    2 sanguinoso: a bloody battle, una battaglia sanguinosa
    3 sanguinario: a bloody regime, un regime sanguinario
    ● Bloody Mary, (stor.) Maria la Sanguinaria; ( anche) bloody mary ( cocktail) □ (fam. GB) bloody-minded, ostinato per partito preso, che fa il piantagrane □ (fam. GB) bloody-mindedness, ostinazione per partito preso, voglia di piantar grane □ (stor.) Bloody Sunday, la domenica di sangue NOTE DI CULTURA: Bloody Sunday: il 30 gennaio 1972 a Londonderry (o Derry), nell'Irlanda del Nord, l'esercito britannico, in circostanze ancora controverse, aprì il fuoco durante un corteo per i diritti civili. Morirono 14 persone. Viene considerato da molti l'avvenimento che ha maggiormente stimolato la ripresa della lotta armata da parte dei repubblicani irlandesi. Il nome Bloody Sunday risale a un altro massacro avvenuto a Dublino il 21 novembre 1920 durante la guerra civile.
    ♦ bloody (2) /ˈblʌdɪ/
    A a.
    1 ( slang volg., GB) (in escl. di rabbia, irritazione) maledetto; della malora; del cazzo (volg.): You bloody fool!, maledetto idiota!; It's a bloody nuisance!, che rottura di scatole!; che menata!; I can't hear a bloody thing!, non sento un cazzo di niente!; Move your bloody foot!, sposta quel cazzo di piede!; Bloody hell!, maledizione!; porco mondo!; cazzo!
    2 ( slang volg., GB) (in escl. di sorpresa, o come enfasi) – It cost a bloody fortune, è costato un fracco di soldi; not a bloody one, neanche uno; neanche mezzo
    3 (antiq. GB) sgradevole; antipatico; seccante: Don't be so bloody!, non essere così antipatico!
    B avv.
    ( slang volg., GB) molto: It's bloody cold outside, fuori fa un freddo cane; you'll bloody well do as you're told, farai quello che ti si dice, perdio!; Not bloody likely!, neanche per sogno!
    (to) bloody /ˈblʌdɪ/
    v. t.
    insanguinare; macchiare di sangue.
    * * *
    ['blʌdɪ] 1.
    1) (covered in blood) [hand, sword, rag] insanguinato

    to give sb. a bloody nose — fare sanguinare il naso a qcn.; fig. conciare male qcn

    2) (violent) [battle, deed] sanguinoso, cruento; [regime, tyrant] sanguinario
    3) BE pop. (expressing anger) maledetto
    4) (red) rosso sangue
    2.
    avverbio BE pop. (for emphasis) [dangerous, difficult, expensive] maledettamente

    English-Italian dictionary > bloody

  • 6 bloody

    1) (stained with blood: a bloody shirt; His clothes were torn and bloody.) blodig
    2) (bleeding: a bloody nose.) blødende
    3) (murderous and cruel: a bloody battle.) blodig
    4) (used in slang vulgarly for emphasis: That bloody car ran over my foot!) forbannet, helvetes, satans
    blodig
    --------
    fordømt
    --------
    helvetes
    I
    verb \/ˈblʌdɪ\/
    gjøre blodig, søle blod på
    II
    adj. \/ˈblʌdɪ\/
    1) blodig
    2) ( om person) morderisk, blodtørstig
    3) (slang, spesielt britisk og austr.) forbannet, satans, helvetes, jævla
    III
    adv. \/ˈblʌdɪ\/
    ( slang) forbanna, satans, jævlig, fordømt
    no bloody good jævla dårlig
    not bloody likely i helvete heller, ta meg faen om jeg gjør
    bloody terrible for jævlig
    bloody well for faen, for helvete
    • what do you bloody well think you're doing?
    det er best han er der, ellers går det forbanna ille

    English-Norwegian dictionary > bloody

  • 7 bloody

    ['blʌdɪ]
    adj
    battle krwawy; hands zakrwawiony; ( BRIT, inf!) cholerny (inf)

    bloody strong/good (inf!) — cholernie silny/dobry (inf)

    * * *
    1) (stained with blood: a bloody shirt; His clothes were torn and bloody.) zakrwawiony
    2) (bleeding: a bloody nose.) krwawiący
    3) (murderous and cruel: a bloody battle.) krwawy
    4) (used in slang vulgarly for emphasis: That bloody car ran over my foot!) cholerny

    English-Polish dictionary > bloody

  • 8 good man

    ••
    I. В первом томе старого издания Стрелка:

    Some years later, Susan would tell him the story of Oedipus, and he would absorb it in quiet thoughtfulness, thinking of the odd and bloody triangle formed by his father, his mother, and by Marten—known in some quarters as the good man. — Несколько лет спустя Сюзан рассказала ему легенду об Эдипе, и он слушал её в глубокой задумчивости, размышляя о чудовищном и кровавом треугольнике, образованным его отцом, его матерью и Мартеном – известном в некоторых кругах как нужный человек. (ТБ 1)

    II. в новом издании Стрелка и более поздних томах:
    см. тж John Farson

    “… the good man,” the Guard was saying. / “In Farson?” / “In two weeks,” the Guard replied. “Maybe three. — …добрый человек, – говорил Страж. / – В Фарсоне? / – За две недели, – отозвался Страж. – Может быть, за три. (ТБ 1)

    “… the good man,” the Guard was saying. / “Farson?” / “In two weeks,” the Guard replied. “Maybe three. — …добрый друг, – закончил свою фразу стражник. / – Фарсон? / – Через две недели, – ответил стражник. – Может быть, через три. (ТБ 1, r.)

    She didn’t think it was Depape, or the one named Reynolds, either. The only thing she could tell about the fellow for sure was that he wore a flat-brimmed hat, the sort she associated with men of the Inner Baronies, back when travel between east and west had been more common than it was now. Back before John Farson came—the Good Man—and the bloodletting began. — Девушка уже понимала, что перед ней не Дипейп, не Рейнолдс, но пока различала только шляпу с широкими полями, какие ассоциировались у нее с людьми, приезжавшими из Внутренних феодов в те дни, когда поездки с востока на запад и наоборот были обычным делом. До нынешних лихих времен, до того, как появился Джон Фарсон, Благодетель, и началась резня. (ТБ 4)

    English-Russian dictionary of neologisms from a series of books by Stephen King "Dark Tower" > good man

  • 9 fucking

    adjective ((slang, vulgar) very good, very bad; bloody: It's a fucking nuisance; He's a fucking good player.) jodido
    tr['fʌkɪŋ]
    1 taboo jodido,-a, puto,-a, de mierda
    ■ where's my fucking dinner? ¿dónde está la jodida comida?
    ■ a fucking good goal! ¡un golazo de puta madre!
    'fʌkɪŋ
    adjective (vulg) (before n)

    this fucking car/hammer — este coche/martillo de mierda (vulg)

    you fucking idiot! — idiota de mierda! (vulg), gilipollas! (Esp vulg)

    fucking hell! — puta madre! (vulg), coño! (vulg), carajo! (vulg)

    ['fʌkɪŋ]
    1.
    ADJ de los cojones (LAm) ***, fregado (Mex) ***, chingado (Mex) ***

    fucking hell! — ¡joder! ***, ¡coño! ***

    2.
    ADV

    it's fucking cold! — ¡hace un frío del carajo! ***

    I don't fucking know! — ¡no lo sé, coño! ***

    3.
    N joder *** m, jodienda *** f
    * * *
    ['fʌkɪŋ]
    adjective (vulg) (before n)

    this fucking car/hammer — este coche/martillo de mierda (vulg)

    you fucking idiot! — idiota de mierda! (vulg), gilipollas! (Esp vulg)

    fucking hell! — puta madre! (vulg), coño! (vulg), carajo! (vulg)

    English-spanish dictionary > fucking

  • 10 flay a flea for the hide and tallow

    (flay a flea for the hide and tallow (тж. skin a flea for its hide))
    жадничать, скаредничать, сквалыжничать; см. тж. flay a flint

    ...the falconer observed, that since he knew the court, it had got harder and harder every day to the poor gentlemen and yeomen retainers, but that now it was an absolute flaying of a flea for the hide and tallow. (W. Scott, ‘The Abbot’, ch. XIX) —...сокольничий заметил, что с тех пор, как помнит себя, бедным дворянам и йоменам из свиты знатных вельмож становится при дворе все хуже и хуже по части довольствия, а уж последнее время так можно и с голоду помереть.

    Come on now, hand them over. They're no bloody good to you. You landlords are all the same; you'd skin a flea for its fat. (A. Marshall, ‘In Mine Own Heart’, ch. XVI) — Послушайте, отдайте сапоги. На черта они вам сдались? Вы, помещики, все одинаковы. Из-за пенни удавитесь.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > flay a flea for the hide and tallow

  • 11 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 12 hand

    {hænd}
    I. 1. n анат. ръка (от китката надолу), предна лапа (на животно), прен. ръка, пръст, власт, отговорност
    the-of God пръст божи
    to have a HAND in something имам пръст в нещо
    open HAND щедра/широка ръка
    with open HAND с широка ръка, щедро
    heavy/iron HAND желязна ръка, тирания, деспотизъм
    HANDs off не пипай
    HANDs off...! долу ръцете от...! HANDs up! горе ръцете! предай се! here's my HAND on it ето ръката ми, съгласен съм
    to give one's HAND (up) on it обещавам тържествено, вричам се
    with a sparing HAND икономично, пестеливо
    to be ip someone's HANDs в ръцете/властта съм на иякого
    to bite the HAND that feeds you показвам черна неблагодарност
    l can't lay/put my HAND on it не мога да то намеря/открия
    to get something off one's HANDs отървавам се от нещо, махам го от главата си
    to take something off someone's HANDs освобождавам/отървавам някого от грижата за нещо
    to take something out of someone's HAND снемам отговорността за нещо от някого
    she's off my HANDs нямам повече грижа за нея
    to lend/give/bear someone a (helping) HAND помагам някому
    to give one's HAND to давам ръката си на, съгласявам се да се оженя за
    to go on o/s HANDs and knees лазя на четири краха (при търсене на нещо), прен. моля коленопреклонно
    to have one's HANDs full имам много работа/грижи
    to have someone in the hollow of one's HAND държа някого в ръцете си, имам пълна власт над някого
    to lift (up) /rafae one's HAND against someone вдигам ръка срещу някого
    2. в обстоятелствени изрази
    at HAND наблизо, под ръка, на разположение
    winter is at HAND зимата наближава
    at someone's HAND (s) от (страна на)
    I did not expect such treatment at your HANDs не очаквах такова отношение от ваша страна/от вас
    by HAND ръчно, с ръка
    to bring up/feed by HAND отглеждам с биберон, храня изкуствено, на ръка, по човек/куриер
    from HAND to HAND от ръка на ръка, от човек на човек, от един собственик на друг
    to live from HAND to mouth живея ден за ден, каквото изчукам изпукам
    ... in HAND с... в ръка
    hat in HAND с шапка в ръка, наличен, разглеждан (за въпрос)
    to take something /someone in HAND заемам се с нещо/някого
    to have in HAND имам (на разположение)
    to be in HAND започнат съм (за работа)
    3. сръчност, умение, ръка, майсторство
    to give/put the last HAND to something довършвам/доизкусурявам/слагам последните щрихи на нещо
    to get one's HAND in свиквам (с работа и пр.)
    to keep one's HAND in упражнявам се, поддържам си формата
    to have one's HAND in във форма съм
    his HAND is out отвикнал е, не е във форма, позабравил е
    4. майстор, автор
    to be a good/great/dab HAND at голям майстор съм в/на, бива ме в
    to be a new HAND at новак съм в
    an old HAND опитен човек, специалист, рецидивист
    two portraits by the same HAND два портрета от същия автор
    5. работник, работна ръка, моряк
    ship's HANDs екипаж на кораб
    HANDs wanted търсят се работници
    6. източник
    at first/second HAND от първа/втора ръка (за сведения и пр.)
    7. почерк
    to write (in) a small HAND пиша ситно/дребно
    in one's own HAND със собствената си ръка/почерк, собственоръчно
    8. подпис
    to set one's HAND to слагам подписа си на
    under your HAND and seal с вашия подпис и лечат
    9. страна
    on the right/left HAND отдясно/отляво, от дясната/лявата страна
    on all HANDs, on every HAND от всички страни
    fact admitted on all HANDs всепризнат факт
    on the one HAND..., on the other HAND... от една страна..., (а) от друга...
    on either HAND от двете страни
    10. карти ръка, карти (които получава всеки играч)
    to hold one's HAND пасувам, въздържам се
    to call/decare/show one's HAND откривам/разкривам картите си (и прен.)
    to force someone's HAND принуждавам някого да си разкрие картите (и прен.), принуждавам някого да действува прибързано/против убежденията си
    to play a good HAND играя добре
    to play for one's own HAND
    11. карти играч
    the elder/eldest HAND играч, който започва първи
    12. карти игра, партия
    let's have a HAND at bridge да изиграем една партия бридж
    13. мярка за измерване височината на кон (около 10 см)
    14. стрелка (на часовник), крило (на семафор), стрелка (на пътен знак)
    15. театр. разг. аплодисменти, овации
    to get a good/big HAND имам голям успех, посрещат ме с бурни аплодисменти
    to give someone a good/big HAND посрещам някого с бурни ръкопляскания, аплодирам някого бурно
    16. аttr ръчен, портативен
    направляван с ръка HAND of bananas кичур банани
    HAND of tobacco шепа тютюневи листа
    II. 1. (пре) давам, връчвам (to)
    2. подавам, поднасям
    3. мор. свивам, прибирам (платно)
    * * *
    {hand} n l. анат. ръка (от китката надолу); предна лапа (на живо(2) {'hand} v 1. (пре)давам, връчвам (to); 2. подавам; поднасям;
    * * *
    страна; стрелка; ръчен; ръка; почерк; портативен; връчвам;
    * * *
    1.... in hand с... в ръка 2. 1 аttr ръчен, портативен 3. 1 карти игра, партия 4. 1 карти играч 5. 1 мярка за измерване височината на кон (около 10 см) 6. 1 стрелка (на часовник), крило (на семафор), стрелка (на пътен знак) 7. 1 театр. разг. аплодисменти, овации 8. an old hand опитен човек, специалист, рецидивист 9. at first/second hand от първа/втора ръка (за сведения и пр.) 10. at hand наблизо, под ръка, на разположение 11. at someone's hand (s) от (страна на) 12. by hand ръчно, с ръка 13. fact admitted on all hands всепризнат факт 14. from hand to hand от ръка на ръка, от човек на човек, от един собственик на друг 15. hand of tobacco шепа тютюневи листа 16. hands off... ! долу ръцете от... ! hands up! горе ръцете! предай се! here's my hand on it ето ръката ми, съгласен съм 17. hands off не пипай 18. hands wanted търсят се работници 19. hat in hand с шапка в ръка, наличен, разглеждан (за въпрос) 20. heavy/iron hand желязна ръка, тирания, деспотизъм 21. his hand is out отвикнал е, не е във форма, позабравил е 22. i did not expect such treatment at your hands не очаквах такова отношение от ваша страна/от вас 23. i. n анат. ръка (от китката надолу), предна лапа (на животно), прен. ръка, пръст, власт, отговорност 24. ii. (пре) давам, връчвам (to) 25. in one's own hand със собствената си ръка/почерк, собственоръчно 26. l can't lay/put my hand on it не мога да то намеря/открия 27. let's have a hand at bridge да изиграем една партия бридж 28. on all hands, on every hand от всички страни 29. on either hand от двете страни 30. on the one hand..., on the other hand... от една страна..., (а) от друга.. 31. on the right/left hand отдясно/отляво, от дясната/лявата страна 32. open hand щедра/широка ръка 33. she's off my hands нямам повече грижа за нея 34. ship's hands екипаж на кораб 35. the elder/eldest hand играч, който започва първи 36. the-of god пръст божи 37. to be a good/great/dab hand at голям майстор съм в/на, бива ме в 38. to be a new hand at новак съм в 39. to be in hand започнат съм (за работа) 40. to be ip someone's hands в ръцете/властта съм на иякого 41. to bite the hand that feeds you показвам черна неблагодарност 42. to bring up/feed by hand отглеждам с биберон, храня изкуствено, на ръка, по човек/куриер 43. to call/decare/show one's hand откривам/разкривам картите си (и прен.) 44. to force someone's hand принуждавам някого да си разкрие картите (и прен.), принуждавам някого да действува прибързано/против убежденията си 45. to get a good/big hand имам голям успех, посрещат ме с бурни аплодисменти 46. to get one's hand in свиквам (с работа и пр.) 47. to get something off one's hands отървавам се от нещо, махам го от главата си 48. to give one's hand (up) on it обещавам тържествено, вричам се 49. to give one's hand to давам ръката си на, съгласявам се да се оженя за 50. to give someone a good/big hand посрещам някого с бурни ръкопляскания, аплодирам някого бурно 51. to give/put the last hand to something довършвам/доизкусурявам/слагам последните щрихи на нещо 52. to go on o/s hands and knees лазя на четири краха (при търсене на нещо), прен. моля коленопреклонно 53. to have a hand in something имам пръст в нещо 54. to have in hand имам (на разположение) 55. to have one's hand in във форма съм 56. to have one's hands full имам много работа/грижи 57. to have someone in the hollow of one's hand държа някого в ръцете си, имам пълна власт над някого 58. to hold one's hand пасувам, въздържам се 59. to keep one's hand in упражнявам се, поддържам си формата 60. to lend/give/bear someone a (helping) hand помагам някому 61. to lift (up) /rafae one's hand against someone вдигам ръка срещу някого 62. to live from hand to mouth живея ден за ден, каквото изчукам изпукам 63. to play a good hand играя добре 64. to play for one's own hand 65. to set one's hand to слагам подписа си на 66. to take something /someone in hand заемам се с нещо/някого 67. to take something off someone's hands освобождавам/отървавам някого от грижата за нещо 68. to take something out of someone's hand снемам отговорността за нещо от някого 69. to write (in) a small hand пиша ситно/дребно 70. two portraits by the same hand два портрета от същия автор 71. under your hand and seal с вашия подпис и лечат 72. winter is at hand зимата наближава 73. with a sparing hand икономично, пестеливо 74. with open hand с широка ръка, щедро 75. в обстоятелствени изрази 76. източник 77. карти ръка, карти (които получава всеки играч) 78. майстор, автор 79. мор. свивам, прибирам (платно) 80. направляван с ръка hand of bananas кичур банани 81. подавам, поднасям 82. подпис 83. почерк 84. работник, работна ръка, моряк 85. сръчност, умение, ръка, майсторство 86. страна
    * * *
    hand[hænd] I. n 1. ръка (от китката надолу); предна лапа на животно; прен. ръка, власт; • the \hand of God пръст Божи; an open \hand щедра (широка) ръка; a light \hand лека ръка, ловкост, сръчност; деликатност, такт; a heavy ( iron) \hand прен. желязна ръка; тирания, деспотизъм; dead \hand 1) негативно влияние, "спирачка"; 2) = mortmain; to win \hands down побеждавам (спечелвам победа) без всякакви усилия; \hands off не пипай! \hands up горе ръцете! предай се! вдигнете ръцете! (за гласуване); here's my \hand on it ето ръката ми, съгласен съм; обещавам; to give up o.'s \hand (up)on s.th. обещавам тържествено, вричам се; in the turn( ing) of a \hand мигновено, докато усетиш; a show of \hands гласуване с вдигане на ръка, открито (явно) гласоподаване; a high \hand арогантност, надменност; нахалство; произвол; деспотично държание ( отношение); to carry off with a high \hand върша ( нещо) произволно; with a sparing \hand икономично, пестеливо; with both \hands с все сила; to bite the \hand that feeds you показвам черна неблагодарност; to change \hands минавам от една ръка в друга (от един собственик в друг); to fold o.'s \hands скръствам ръце (и прен.); бездействам, нищо не правя; to gain ( have, get) the upper \hand, to have the better (ост. the higher) \hand удържам победа, вземам надмощие (връх) (над); to take s.th. off s.o.'s \hands освобождавам (отървам) някого от грижата за нещо; the children are off my \hands now вече не е необходимо да се грижа за децата; to give a helping \hand to s.o., to bear ( lend, give) s.o. a \hand помагам на някого; to give o.'s \hand to давам ръката си на, съгласявам се да се оженя за; to give s.o. the glad \hand ам. посрещам (приемам) топло (сърдечно); to give s.o. a free \hand давам картбланш някому; to go on o.'s \hands and knees лазя на четири крака; time hangs heavily on my \hands чудя се какво да правя с времето си, времето ми минава много бавно; to have a \hand like a foot насърчен съм; to have a \hand in s.th. имам пръст в нещо; to have ( keep) o.'s \hand in във форма съм; to have o.'s \hands full имам много работа (грижи); to have o.'s \hands tied вързани ми са ръцете (и прен.); to have s.o. in the hollow ( palm) of o.'s \hand държа някого в ръцете си, имам пълна власт над някого; to lay \hands on хващам, пипвам, слагам ръка на; to lay violent \hands on хващам насила; употребявам насилие спрямо; to lay violent \hands on o.s. посягам (слагам край) на живота си; to lift ( lift up, put forth, raise, stretch forth) o.'s \hand against s.o. вдигам ръка срещу някого; not to lift a \hand не си мръдвам пръста; to live by o.'s \hands изкарвам си хляба със собствените си ръце (труд); to live from \hand to mouth живея от ден за ден; каквото изчуквам, изпуквам; to put o.'s \hand to the plough залавям се за работа; to receive s.th. at the \hands of s.o. получавам нещо от (ръцете на) някого; to set ( put) o.'s \hands at a task започвам (заемам се, залавям се с) работа; to strengthen s.o.'s \hand подпомагам (оказвам помощ на) някого; to give s.o. a big \hand аплодирам шумно (ентусиазирано); to sit on o.'s \hands аплодирам вяло (без ентусиазъм); бездействам, седя със скръстени ръце; to take ( lead) s.o. by the \hand хващам (водя) някого за ръка; to take a \hand in намесвам се в, участвам в; to try o.'s \hand at опитвам се в, опитвам си силите в; to turn o.'s \hand to върша, заемам се с; he can turn his \hand to anything за всичко го бива; всякаква работа може да върши; to wash o.'s \hands (of) прен. измивам си ръцете, свалям от себе си отговорността (за); 2. в обстоят. изрази: at \hand наблизо, под ръка; winter is at \hand зимата наближава; close ( near) at \hand близко (по време или място); by \hand с ръка, на ръка; made by \hand ръчна изработка; to bring up ( feed) a child by \hand отглеждам дете с биберон, храня изкуствено; to send a letter by \hand изпращам писмо по човек (по куриер); from \hand to \hand от ръка на ръка, от човек на човек, от един собственик на друг; in \hand 1) с ... в ръка; hat in \hand с шапка в ръка; 2) наличен; cash ( stock) in \hand налични суми (стоки); the question ( matter) in \hand разглежданият въпрос; to take s.th. in \hand заемам се с нещо; to have in \hand имам на разположение, разполагам с; контролирам, държа под контрол; to have a piece of work in \hand работя върху нещо; the business is in \hand въпросът се разглежда; to keep a horse well in \hand здраво държа юздите на кон, здраво управлявам кон; to keep o.s. well in \hand владея се; the situation is well in \hand положението е овладяно; to be in \hand принуден съм да върна топката в полукръга, от който съм започнал (в билярда); off \hand вж offhand; on \hand наличен, на разположение, на склад; supplies on \hand налични запаси; work on \hand текуща работа, работа, с която се занимавам в момента; to have s.th. on o.'s \hands имам да свършвам (да се грижа за) нещо; to have an hour on o.'s \hands имам един час свободно време; out of \hand изведнъж, без подготовка, изненадващо; който не може да се контролира, изтърван; to shoot s.o. out of \hand застрелвам някого веднага, без много да се церемоня (без да ми мигне окото); to get out of \hand преставам да се подчинявам на дисциплина; разхайтвам се, разгащвам се; to \hand: to come to \hand пристига, получава се (за писмо и пр.); намира се, излиза; ready to o.'s \hand наблизо, под ръка, на разположение; \hand and glove, \hand in glove много близък, интимен ( with, together); \hand and foot: to serve ( wait on) s.o. \hand and foot угаждам на някого, изпълнявам всички прищевки на някого; \hand in \hand ръка за ръка; в съгласие; \hand over \hand ( fist) много бързо; \hand to \hand ръкопашен (за бой); 3. работник, работничка, работна ръка; моряк; майстор; \hands wanted търсят се работници; factory \hands, field \hands фабрични (земеделски) работници; a ship's \hands екипаж на кораб; all \hands on deck! целият екипаж (всички) на палубата! to be a good ( great) \hand at голям майстор съм в (на), бива ме в; to be a new \hand at новак съм в; to be an old \hand опитен човек; рецидивист; безстрашен (дързък, нахален) човек; green \hand новак, неопитен работник; 4. източник; at first ( second) \hand от първа (втора) ръка (за сведения и пр.); 5. почерк; a big ( small, round) \hand едър (дребен, закръглен) почерк; to write (in) a small \hand пиша ситно (дребно); in o.'s own \hand със собствената си ръка (почерк); собственоръчно; 6. подпис; to set o.'s \hand to слагам подписа си на; under your \hand and seal с Вашия подпис и печат; 7. страна; on the right/left \hand отдясно (ляво), от дясната (лявата) страна; on all \hands, on every \hand от всички страни; a fact admitted on all \hands всепризнат факт; on the one ( the other) \hand от една (от друга) страна; on either \hand от двете страни; 8. карти ръка (карти, които получава всеки играч); to have a wretched \hand имам лоши (ужасни) карти; to call ( declare, show) o.'s \hand откривам (разкривам) си картите (и прен.); to force s.o.'s \hand принуждавам някого да си разкрие картите (и прен.); a nap \hand хубави (отлични) карти; прен. изгодно положение; to play a good \hand играя добре; to play into one another's \hands помагаме си, поддържаме се, подкрепяме се; to overplay o.'s \hands отивам твърде далеч; to play a lone \hand действам сам; to play into s.o.'s \hand наливам вода в чужда мелница; to play o.'s \hand for all it is worth използвам напълно възможностите си, пускам в ход всички средства; to throw in o.'s \hand отказвам се, предавам се, вдигам ръце; the elder ( younger) \hand играч, който започва първи (втори) (когато играят двама); the eldest ( youngest) \hand играч, който започва първи (последен) (когато играят повече от двама); 9. игра, партия; let's have a \hand of poker да изиграем една партия покер; 10. мярка (около 10 см) за измерване височина на кон; 11. стрелка (на часовник); крило (на семафор); стрела (на пътен знак); изображение на ръка с насочен пръст; 12. театр. sl аплодисменти; овации; big \hand посрещам някого с бурни аплодисменти, аплодирам някого бурно; 13. тех. характеристика на режещ инструмент (ляв, десен); 14. тех. направление (напр. на винтова линия)м 15. ам. хенд (единица за дължина: 101,6 mm); 16. attr ръчен; портативен; който се направлява с ръка; \hand luggage ръчен багаж; \hand stoking ръчно палене; • a \hand of bananas кичур банани; a \hand of tobacco една шепа тютюневи листа; Bloody H. хералд. червена ръка (емблема на баронет); II. v 1. (пре)давам, връчвам (to); 2. подавам; 3. изпращам (с писмо и пр.); • to \hand it to s.o. признавам превъзходството на някого; for craft we must \hand it to him трябва да признаем, че по майсторлък ни надминава; to \hand a sail мор. свивам (прибирам) платно;

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > hand

  • 13 bally

    ˈbælɪ
    1. прил.;
    эвф. от bloody ужасный, страшный, проклятый, чертовский stung by a bally wasp ≈ укушен проклятой осой Whose bally fault is that? ≈ Кто виноват в этом, черт возьми?
    2. нареч.;
    эвф. от bloody страшно, ужасно, чертовски too bally tired ≈ чертовски устал
    (сленг) (эвф. вместо bloody) чертовский - what a * nuisance! что за чертовщина! какое безобразие! - whose * fault is it? какой дурак это натворил? - we had a * good time мы чертовски хорошо провели время
    bally a sl. выражает раздражение, нетерпение, радость: stung by a bally wasp укушен проклятой осой;
    whose bally fault is that? кто виноват в этом, черт возьми? ~ ужасно, страшно;
    too bally tired чертовски устал
    bally a sl. выражает раздражение, нетерпение, радость: stung by a bally wasp укушен проклятой осой;
    whose bally fault is that? кто виноват в этом, черт возьми?
    ~ ужасно, страшно;
    too bally tired чертовски устал
    bally a sl. выражает раздражение, нетерпение, радость: stung by a bally wasp укушен проклятой осой;
    whose bally fault is that? кто виноват в этом, черт возьми?

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > bally

  • 14 hell

    hel
    ((according to some religions) the place or state of punishment of the wicked after death with much pain, misery etc.) infierno
    - hellbent on
    hell n infierno
    tr[hel]
    1 infierno
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    a hell of a familiar (good) estupendo,-a, fantástico,-a, genial 2 (bad) fatal, horrible
    go to hell! ¡vete al diablo!
    like hell! familiar ¡ni hablar!
    to give somebody hell hacerle pasar un mal rato a alguien
    to have a hell of a time (good) pasarlo a lo grande, pasarlo pipa, pasarlo bomba 2 (bad) pasarlo fatal, pasarlas canutas
    to knock the hell out of dejar hecho,-a polvo
    to play hell with hacer estragos en
    ... the hell? ¿... demonios?
    ■ what the hell do you think you're doing? ¿qué demonios crees que estás haciendo?
    ■ who the hell does she think she is? ¿quién demonios se cree que es?
    ■ where the hell is he? ¿dónde demonios está?
    hell ['hɛl] n
    : infierno m
    n.
    • averno s.m.
    • garito s.m.
    • infierno s.m.
    • profundo s.m.
    • tiniebla s.f.
    • tártaro s.m.
    hel
    1)
    a) ( Relig) infierno m

    come hell or high water — sea como sea, pase lo que pase

    just for the hell of it — sólo por divertirse*

    to knock hell o beat (the) hell out of somebody — sacudir a algn de lo lindo (fam), sacarle* la mugre a algn (AmL fam)

    to play hell o (BrE also) merry hell with something — hacer* estragos en algo

    to raise hell — ( make trouble) montar un número (fam); ( have rowdy fun) (AmE) armar jarana (fam)

    b) (suffering, confusion)

    to give somebody hell — (colloq)

    to make somebody's life hell — (colloq) hacerle* la vida imposible a algn

    2) (colloq) (as intensifier)

    how the hell...? — ¿cómo demonios or diablos...? (fam)

    what the hell! — ¿y qué?

    why the hell...? — ¿por qué diablos...? (fam)

    he's a o one hell of a guy — es un tipo sensacional (fam)

    like o the hell he will/can/did/has! — y un cuerno! (fam)

    3) (colloq) (in interj phrases)

    go to hell! — vete al cuerno or al diablo! (fam)

    hell, that's some car! — (AmE) caray, qué cochazo! (fam & euf)

    oh hell! — caray! (fam & euf), carajo or coño or mierda! (vulg)

    to hell with waiting: I'm off! — qué esperar ni qué ocho cuartos! yo me voy (fam)

    oh, well, what the hell! — bueno ¿qué importa? or ¿y qué? (fam)

    [hel]
    1. N
    1) (=underworld, fig) infierno m
    - be hell on earth

    to give sb hell —

    she gave me hell when she found out — (=scold) me puso de vuelta y media cuando se enteró, me puso como un trapo cuando se enteró *

    - go through hell

    I've been going through hell, wondering where you were — he estado preocupadísimo, preguntándome dónde estarías

    - play merry hell with sth
    - raise hell

    • (as)... as hell, it was as hot as hell — hacía un calor infernal

    • they did it just for the hell of it — lo hicieron por puro capricho or porque sí

    • like hell, "I'll go myself" - "like hell you will!" — -iré yo mismo -¡ni lo sueñes! or ¡ni hablar!

    "I swam 100 lengths" - "like hell you did" — -nadé cien largos -¡eso no te lo crees ni tú!

    • a hell of a, there were a hell of a lot of people there — había un montañazo de gente

    a hell of a noise — un ruido de todos los demonios, un ruido tremendo

    we had a hell of a time — (=good) lo pasamos en grande or (LAm) regio; (=bad) lo pasamos fatal

    • the hell, to beat the hell out of sb — dar una paliza de padre y muy señor mío a algn *

    • to hell, I hope to hell you're right — Dios quiera que tengas razón

    • what the hell, I've got nothing to lose — ¡qué narices! or ¡qué más da! no tengo nada que perder

    what the hell do you want? — ¿qué demonios or diablos quieres?

    • who the hell are you? — ¿quién demonios or diablos eres tú?

    (oh) hell! — ¡caray! *, ¡mierda! **

    • hell's bells! — † ¡válgame Dios! *

    • get the hell out of here! — ¡vete al diablo! **

    let's get the hell out of here! — ¡larguémonos de aquí! *

    • go to hell! — ¡vete al diablo! **

    • hell, no! — ¡ni lo sueñes!, ¡ni hablar!

    • hell's teeth! — † ¡válgame Dios! *

    • to hell with it! — ¡a hacer puñetas! **

    to hell with him! — ¡que se vaya a hacer puñetas! **

    bloody
    2.
    CPD

    hell's angel N — ángel m del infierno

    * * *
    [hel]
    1)
    a) ( Relig) infierno m

    come hell or high water — sea como sea, pase lo que pase

    just for the hell of it — sólo por divertirse*

    to knock hell o beat (the) hell out of somebody — sacudir a algn de lo lindo (fam), sacarle* la mugre a algn (AmL fam)

    to play hell o (BrE also) merry hell with something — hacer* estragos en algo

    to raise hell — ( make trouble) montar un número (fam); ( have rowdy fun) (AmE) armar jarana (fam)

    b) (suffering, confusion)

    to give somebody hell — (colloq)

    to make somebody's life hell — (colloq) hacerle* la vida imposible a algn

    2) (colloq) (as intensifier)

    how the hell...? — ¿cómo demonios or diablos...? (fam)

    what the hell! — ¿y qué?

    why the hell...? — ¿por qué diablos...? (fam)

    he's a o one hell of a guy — es un tipo sensacional (fam)

    like o the hell he will/can/did/has! — y un cuerno! (fam)

    3) (colloq) (in interj phrases)

    go to hell! — vete al cuerno or al diablo! (fam)

    hell, that's some car! — (AmE) caray, qué cochazo! (fam & euf)

    oh hell! — caray! (fam & euf), carajo or coño or mierda! (vulg)

    to hell with waiting: I'm off! — qué esperar ni qué ocho cuartos! yo me voy (fam)

    oh, well, what the hell! — bueno ¿qué importa? or ¿y qué? (fam)

    English-spanish dictionary > hell

  • 15 hand

    [hænd] 1. noun
    1) (the part of the body at the end of the arm.) roka
    2) (a pointer on a clock, watch etc: Clocks usually have an hour hand and a minute hand.) kazalec
    3) (a person employed as a helper, crew member etc: a farm hand; All hands on deck!) pomočnik
    4) (help; assistance: Can I lend a hand?; Give me a hand with this box, please.) pomoč
    5) (a set of playing-cards dealt to a person: I had a very good hand so I thought I had a chance of winning.) karte v roki
    6) (a measure (approximately centimetres) used for measuring the height of horses: a horse of 14 hands.) dlan (mera)
    7) (handwriting: written in a neat hand.) pisava
    2. verb
    (often with back, down, up etc)
    1) (to give (something) to someone by hand: I handed him the book; He handed it back to me; I'll go up the ladder, and you can hand the tools up to me.) izročiti
    2) (to pass, transfer etc into another's care etc: That is the end of my report from Paris. I'll now hand you back to Fred Smith in the television studio in London.) predati
    •
    - handbag
    - handbill
    - handbook
    - handbrake
    - handcuff
    - handcuffs
    - hand-lens
    - handmade
    - hand-operated
    - hand-out
    - hand-picked
    - handshake
    - handstand
    - handwriting
    - handwritten
    - at hand
    - at the hands of
    - be hand in glove with someone
    - be hand in glove
    - by hand
    - fall into the hands of someone
    - fall into the hands
    - force someone's hand
    - get one's hands on
    - give/lend a helping hand
    - hand down
    - hand in
    - hand in hand
    - hand on
    - hand out
    - hand-out
    - handout
    - hand over
    - hand over fist
    - hands down
    - hands off!
    - hands-on
    - hands up!
    - hand to hand
    - have a hand in something
    - have a hand in
    - have/get/gain the upper hand
    - hold hands with someone
    - hold hands
    - in good hands
    - in hand
    - in the hands of
    - keep one's hand in
    - off one's hands
    - on hand
    - on the one hand... on the other hand
    -... on the other hand
    - out of hand
    - shake hands with someone / shake someone's hand
    - shake hands with / shake someone's hand
    - a show of hands
    - take in hand
    - to hand
    * * *
    I [hænd]
    noun
    roka, prednja noga četveronožca, noga (sokolova), škarnik (rakov); spretnost, ročnost, izurjenost; strokovnjak, izvedenec; vodenje; izvedba, izvajanje; delo; pomoč; človek, sluga, delavec, mornar; plural mornarji, posadka (ladje), tovarniški delavci; postopek, način; moč, premoč, oblast, vpliv; posredovanje, posrednik; vir (podatkov); snubitev; lastnina, lastnik; kartanje, kvartač, karte v roki; urni kazalec; pisava, podpis, znak; dlan (mera, 10,16 cm); šop (banan, tobačnih listov); theatre slang ploskanje, aplavz; stran, smer
    all hands — vsa posadka, vsi delavci
    on all hands — povsod, na vseh straneh
    at hand — blizu, pri roki
    by hand — ročno, na roko (narejeno)
    figuratively clean hands — čiste roke, čista vest
    from second hand — iz druge roke; ponošen, rabljen, antikvaričen
    heavy on hand — dolgočasen, mučen
    with a high hand — drzno, predrzno, naduto
    hand over hand ( —ali fist) — preprijemanje (pri plezanju); figuratively na vrat na nos, hitro, igraje
    in hand — v roki, v delu, na razpolago, pod nadzorstvom, skupaj, vzajemno, roko v roki
    near at hand — pri roki, blizu
    a niggling hand — nečitljiva pisava, čačka
    an old hand — strokovnjak, star lisjak
    off hand — nepripravljen, brez obotavljanja, desna stran
    hands off! — roke proč!
    on hand — v roki, na zalogi, v breme, prisoten; American pri roki, pri sebi
    out of hand — nepripravljen, takoj, ekstempore, nenadzorovan, divji
    hands up! — roke kvišku!
    a slack hand — brezdelje, brezbrižnost
    to (one's) hand — pri roki, dosegljiv, pripravljen, na razpolago
    under the hand — pod roko, skrivaj
    under the hand of — podpisani...
    the upper hand — premoč, nadvlada
    Z glagoli: to ask for a girl's hand — prositi dekle za roko, zasnubiti
    to be on s.o.'s hands — biti komu na vratu, skrbi
    to come to hand — priti v roke, dospeti
    to change hands — menjati lastnika, priti v druge roke
    to fall into s.o.'s hands — priti komu v roke
    figuratively to feed out of s.o.'s hand — komu iz rok jesti
    to get s.o. in hand — dobiti koga v roke
    to get off one's hands — otresti se česa, znebiti se
    to get out of hand — iz rok se izmuzniti, izgubiti oblast nad
    to give one's hand to — poročiti se s kom, roko komu dati
    to give one's hand on a bargain — v roko si seči, skleniti kupčijo, obljubiti
    to give s.o. a free hand — dati komu proste roke
    to give s.o. a hand — iti komu na roko, pomagati, ploskati komu
    to go hand in hand with figuratively & literatureeral v korak s kom stopati
    to have a hand for — biti spreten, nadarjen za kaj
    to have o.s. well in hand — dobro se obvladati
    to have time on one's hands — ne vedeti kam s časom, imeti mnogo prostega časa
    to let one's temper get out of hand — ne obvladati se, podivjati
    to lay hands on — vzeti, najti, roko na kaj položiti
    to lay hands on o.s. — roko nase položiti, napraviti samomor
    to put one's hand in one's pocket — seči v žep, prispevati v denarju
    figuratively to put one's hands on — najti, spomniti se
    to put ( —ali set, turn) one's hands to — v roke vzeti, poprijeti se
    to serve ( —ali wait on) s.o. hand and foot — komu vdano služiti
    to shake s.o. by the hand — stisniti komu roko
    to show one's hand — ali to have a show of hands figuratively odkriti svoje karte, pokazati svoj pravi namen
    it shows a master's hand — mojstrsko je, kaže na mojstra
    to take s.o. by the hand — koga za roko prijeti, figuratively vzeti koga pod svoje okrilje
    to take in hand — vzeti v roke, lotiti se
    to take s.th. off one's hands — kupiti kaj od koga; pomagati komu, da se česa znebi
    figuratively to wash one's hands of — umiti si roke, odkloniti odgovornost
    to win hands down — z lahkoto dobiti, igraje zmagati
    II [hænd]
    transitive verb
    vročiti, podati; voditi za roko, spremiti; podati roko v pomoč; ravnati s, z
    nautical zviti jadra; American slang to hand it to s.o. — nekomu povedati, komu poročati
    American slang you must hand it to him — to mu moraš pustiti, to mu moraš priznati
    to hand s.o. in (out of) the car — pomagati komu v avto (iz avta)

    English-Slovenian dictionary > hand

  • 16 head

    [hed]
    n
    1) голова, череп
    See:

    The water was over his head. — Вода была ему выше головы.

    She has a good head for heights. — Она хорошо переносит высоту.

    She has no head for heights. — Она не переносит высоту.

    His proud, noble head bowed to nothing. — Он ни перед чем не склонял своей гордой, благородной головы.

    I want a covering for the head. — Мне надо что-нибудь, чем покрыть голову.

    He felt a sharp pain in his head. — Он почувствовал резкую боль в голове.

    It cost him his head. — Это стоило ему головы/жизни.

    to be/to sit at the head of the table — сидеть во главе стола/сидеть на почетном месте за столом;

    Two heads are better than one. — Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.

    I cannot make head or tail of it. — Ничего не возможно разобрать/понять.

    - shaven head
    - majestic head
    - bumpy head
    - shaking head
    - sore head
    - grey head
    - elegant head
    - egg-shaped head
    - irregular head
    - heavy head
    - curly head
    - bristling head
    - nodding head
    - drooping head
    - giddy head
    - bruised head
    - bloody head head
    - bleeding head
    - hot head
    - hooded head
    - feathered head
    - patient's head
    - horse's head
    - head net
    - head phone
    - head piece
    - sharp pain in the back of one's head
    - bandage on the head
    - constant buzzing in the head
    - blow knock on the head
    - nod of the head
    - shake of the head
    - crown of the head
    - sharp pain in smb's head
    - head with hair
    - head of classical form and beauty
    - head from a doll
    - head of hair
    - good head of hair
    - with a heavy head
    - with a feeling of dullness in one's head
    - with confusion in one's head
    - over the heads of others
    - from head to foot
    - with a bare head
    - with an uncovered head
    - with a bruise on the head
    - aim at smb's head
    - balance smth on one's head
    - bandage smb's head
    - apply a bandage to smb's head
    - be taller by a head
    - be head over ears in debt
    - beat oneself on the head with one's fist
    - beat smb's head off
    - bend one's head over the book
    - bite smb's head off
    - hang one's head in confusion
    - hang one's head down
    - hang one's head on one's chest
    - bow one's head in admiration
    - bow one's head to the ground
    - give one's head for a washing
    - brandish a sword over one's head
    - bring down a sword over smb's head
    - break one's head
    - bump one's head against smth
    - bump heads together
    - bury one's head in one's hands
    - bury one's head in the sand
    - chuck one's head to avoid the blow
    - complain of a throbbing pain in the head
    - cover one's head to protect it from the sun
    - cradle smb's head in one's breasts
    - cross one's hands behind one's head
    - cry one's head off
    - cut off smb's head
    - cut one's head open
    - dip one's head into the water
    - do smth standing on one's head
    - do smth over smb's head
    - give orders over smb's head
    - give answers over smb's head
    - sell a house over smb's head
    - draw one's head into one's shoulders
    - drop one's head on one's breast
    - fall head first
    - fall head over heels
    - fall on one's head
    - feel heavy in the head
    - feel one's head
    - get a bump on the head
    - go about with one's head high in the air
    - give one's head for smth, state one's head on smth
    - go queer in the head
    - have a good head for heights
    - have a strong head for drink
    - have pain in one's head
    - hit one's head on the wall
    - hit one's head against smth
    - hit smb on the head
    - hurt one's head
    - hold one's head up
    - hold one's head with one's hands
    - injure one's head
    - keep one's head above ground
    - keep jerking one's head
    - keep one's head covered
    - lay one's head on smb's chest
    - lift up one's head
    - look smb over from head to foot
    - nod one's head
    - nod one's head in greeting
    - plunge head over heels into the fighting
    - pull one's hat down on the head
    - pull the blanket over one's head
    - put one's head out of the window
    - put one's head in a noose
    - raise one's head
    - rest one's head on the pillow
    - scratch one's head
    - scream one's head off
    - seize one's head in one's hands
    - set a price on smb's head
    - shake one's head
    - shake one's head at smth
    - sit with one's head propped on one's hand
    - snap smb's head off
    - stand on one's head
    - stand with bare heads
    - stand with one's head down
    - stand with averted head
    - stand smth on its head
    - stick one's head in the door
    - stroke smb on the head
    - talk smb's head off
    - talk one's head off
    - throw one's head back
    - tip one's head to one side
    - toss one's head up
    - toss one's head in pride
    - toss one's head in dissent
    - touch one's head to the ground
    - tremble from head to foot
    - turn away one's head
    - turn one's head towards smb
    - walk with one's head high
    - wear nothing on one's head
    - work one's head off
    - wound smb in the head
    - head sitting deep between the shoulders
    - head covered with a kerchief
    2) руководитель, глава, начальник

    I must telephone the head office. — Мне надо позвонить в центр.

    - executive head
    - titular head
    - administrative head
    - military head
    - family head
    - union heads
    - learned heads
    - head teacher
    - head gardener
    - head nurse
    - head surgeon
    - head-cook
    - head waiter
    - head workman
    - head electrician
    - head office
    - head master
    - department head
    - royal heads of Europe
    - head of the delegation
    - head of the tribe
    - head of the department
    - heads of all states
    - Head of the Government
    - Head of the Army
    - head of the expedition
    - under a competent head
    - be at the head of smth
    - put smb at the head of the movement
    - be at the head of the whole business
    - stand at the head of all nations in matters of art
    - be at the head of the epoch
    - be at the head of the field
    - be at the head of the race
    - those at the head of the whole business
    3) ум, интеллект, умственные способности; (а.) a clear (bright, logical) head светлый (ясный, логичный) ум

    The problem is over/beuond our heads. — Нам эту проблему не понять.

    He talked over our heads. — То, что он говорил, не доходило до/было выше нашего понимания.

    He is positively/quite out of his head. — Он определенно выжил из ума.

    Such an idea never entered my head. — Такая мысль мне никогда не приходила в голову/на ум.

    I can't get that into his head. — Я не могу ему этого растолковать/втолковать.

    He made it up out of his own head. — Он все это сам придумал/очинил/выдумал.

    (b) a wise head — умница/мудрая голова/умник;

    the wiser heads — мудрецы;

    a hot head — горячая голова/вспыльчивый человек;

    a wooden head — тупица;

    a competent head — знающий человек;

    to have a good head upon one's shoulders — иметь хорошую голову на плечах/быть умным;

    to have an old head on young shoulders — иметь здравый смысл/быть не по годам умудрённым

    - steady head
    - cool head
    - level head
    - bother one's head about smth
    - be over smb's head
    - get a swollen head
    - be over the heads of the pupils
    - come to smb's head
    - do smth off the top of one's head
    - do calculations in one's head
    - fill one's head with trifles
    - give smb his head
    - have a good head for figures
    - have a head for details
    - have no head for names
    - have a good head for politics
    - keep a level head
    - keep one's head
    - keep one's head shut
    - keep smth in one's head
    - keep a cool head in emergencies
    - lose one's head
    - be of one's head
    - be off one's head about smb
    - have a good head on one's shoulders
    - have an old head on young shoulders
    - put smth into smb's head
    - put ideas into smb's head
    - put two heads together
    - puzzle one's head about smth
    - show much head for business
    - take smth into one's head
    - turn smb's head with flattery
    - trouble one's head about smth
    - use one's head
    - write out of one's head
    4) скот, голова скота (единица счёта), поголовье скота; 20 heads of deer двадцать голов оленей
    - large head of game
    - consumption of milk per head of the population
    5) верхняя главная часть предмета, верх, верхушка, верхняя часть, головная часть, передняя часть, головка, шляпка

    We'll have to knock in the head of the barrel. — Нам придется пробить верх бочки.

    heads I win, tails I lose. — Орел - я выигрываю, решка - проигрываю.

    Coins often bear the head of a famous ruler. — На монетах нередко высечена голова известного правителя.

    - forked head
    - wooden head
    - tape-recorder head
    - pit head
    - pointed arrow head
    - axe head
    - missile head
    - pin head
    - figure head
    - crumpled head
    - head tide
    - head wind
    - head lights
    - head stone
    - head land
    - head division of a parade
    - head of the bed
    - head of the column
    - head of the river
    - head of the bay
    - head of a hammer
    - head of a rail
    - head of a violin
    - head of cane
    - head of the stairs
    - head of the barrel
    - head of barley
    - head of a rock
    - head of a peer
    - mountain head overgrown by shrubbery
    - nails with a wide head
    - bolts with a square head
    - axe with a heavy head
    - glass of beer with a good head on it
    - car with a folding head
    - at the head of a page
    - at the head of the list
    - stand at the head of the bay
    - boil is gathering head
    6) раздел, рубрика, параграф, пункт, заголовок

    The story has a double head. — У рассказа двойное название.

    He arranged his speech under four main heads. — Он разбил свою речь на четыре основных пункта/раздела.

    It may be included under this head. — Это может быть включено в этот параграф/раздел.

    It comes/it is kept/it is included under the head of "miscellavous". — Это помещено в параграфе "разное".

    To hit the nail on the head. — ◊ Попасть в самую точку. /Попасть не в бровь, а в глаз.

    Two heads are better than one. — ◊ Ум хорошо, а два лучше. /Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.

    To toss heads or tails. — ◊ Бросать жребий.

    I cannot make head or tail of it. — ◊ Не могу ничего понять/разобрать.

    - heads of chapters
    - document arranged under five heads
    - under two colums head
    - group the facts under three heads
    - remark on this head
    - speak on this head
    - treat the subject under three main heads
    •
    USAGE:
    See arm, n; USAGE (1.).

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > head

  • 17 murder

    'mə:də
    1. noun
    1) ((an act of) killing a person on purpose and illegally: The police are treating his death as a case of murder; an increase in the number of murders.) asesinato, homicidio
    2) (any killing or causing of death that is considered as bad as this: the murder of innocent people by terrorists.) asesinato, homicidio

    2. verb
    (to kill (a person) on purpose and illegally: He murdered two children.) asesinar, matar
    - murderous
    - murderously
    murder1 n asesinato
    murder2 vb asesinar
    tr['mɜːdəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 asesinato, homicidio
    ■ who committed the murder? ¿quién cometió el asesinato?
    ■ it was sheer murder! ¡vaya pesadilla!
    1 (kill) asesinar, matar
    ■ if you do that again, I'll murder you! ¡cómo vuelves a hacer esto, te mato!
    3 familiar figurative use (spoil, destroy) destrozar, arruinar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to get away with murder hacer lo que a uno le da la gana
    to scream blue murder poner el grito en el cielo
    murder story novela negra, novela policíaca
    murder ['mərdər] vt
    : asesinar, matar
    murder vi
    : matar
    : asesinato m, homicidio m
    n.
    • asesinato s.m.
    • homicidio s.m.
    • muerte s.f.
    v.
    • achinar v.
    • acochinar v.
    • asesinar v.
    • estropear v.
    • liquidar v.
    'mɜːrdər, 'mɜːdə(r)
    I
    1) u c ( killing) asesinato m; ( Law) homicidio m

    to get away with murder: she lets them get away with murder les permite cualquier cosa, los deja hacer lo que les da la gana (fam); to scream bloody o (esp BrE) blue murder — poner* el grito en el cielo

    to be murder — (colloq) ser* la muerte (fam)


    II
    1.
    a) ( kill) asesinar, matar
    b) ( ruin) \<\<music/play\>\> destrozar*, masacrar (hum)
    c) ( devour) (colloq)

    2.
    vi matar
    ['mɜːdǝ(r)]
    1. N
    1) asesinato m ; (Jur) homicidio m

    • accused of murder — acusado de homicidio

    • to commit murder — cometer un asesinato or un crimen

    • first-degree murder, murder in the first degree — homicidio m premeditado, homicidio m en primer grado

    • second-degree murder, murder in the second degree — homicidio m en segundo grado

    • the murder weapon — el arma homicida

    attempted, mass II, 4.
    2) *

    "did you have a good holiday?" - "no, it was murder!" — -¿pasaste unas buenas vacaciones? -¡no, lo pasé fatal * or fueron horribles!

    the noise/heat in here is murder — el ruido que hay aquí/el calor que hace aquí es insoportable

    - scream or shout blue or bloody murder

    to get away with murder —

    she lets the children get away with murder — a los niños les consiente todo, a los niños les deja hacer lo que les da la gana *

    2. VT
    1) [+ person] asesinar, matar, ultimar (LAm)
    2) (fig) * [+ song, music, play, language] destrozar, cargarse *; [+ opponent] aniquilar *
    3) * (=really enjoy)

    I could murder a beer/a cup of tea — daría cualquier cosa por una cerveza/una taza de té

    3.
    VI cometer asesinatos, matar
    4.
    CPD

    murder case N — caso m de asesinato or homicidio

    murder charge N — acusación f por asesinato or homicidio

    murder hunt N — caza f al asesino

    murder mystery N — historia f policial

    Murder Squad N — brigada f de homicidios

    murder trial N — juicio m por asesinato

    murder victim N — víctima f de un asesinato or homicidio

    * * *
    ['mɜːrdər, 'mɜːdə(r)]
    I
    1) u c ( killing) asesinato m; ( Law) homicidio m

    to get away with murder: she lets them get away with murder les permite cualquier cosa, los deja hacer lo que les da la gana (fam); to scream bloody o (esp BrE) blue murder — poner* el grito en el cielo

    to be murder — (colloq) ser* la muerte (fam)


    II
    1.
    a) ( kill) asesinar, matar
    b) ( ruin) \<\<music/play\>\> destrozar*, masacrar (hum)
    c) ( devour) (colloq)

    2.
    vi matar

    English-spanish dictionary > murder

  • 18 nose

    nəuz
    1. noun
    1) (the part of the face by which people and animals smell and usually breathe: She held the flower to her nose; He punched the man on the nose.) nariz, hocico
    2) (the sense of smell: Police dogs have good noses and can follow criminals' trails.) olfato
    3) (the part of anything which is like a nose in shape or position: the nose of an aeroplane.) morro

    2. verb
    1) (to make a way by pushing carefully forward: The ship nosed (its way) through the ice.) avanzar con cuidado
    2) (to look or search as if by smelling: He nosed about (in) the cupboard.) fisgonear, husmear
    •
    - - nosed
    - nosey
    - nosy
    - nosily
    - nosiness
    - nose-bag
    - nosedive
    - nose job
    3. verb
    (to make such a dive: Suddenly the plane nosedived.)
    - lead by the nose
    - nose out
    - pay through the nose
    - turn up one's nose at
    - under a person's very nose
    - under very nose
    - under a person's nose
    - under nose
    nose n nariz
    you can't find your book? it's right there under your nose! ¿no encuentras tu libro? ¡si lo tienes delante de las narices!
    tr[nəʊz]
    2 (of animal) hocico
    3 (sense) olfato
    4 (of car etc) morro
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    it's as plain as the nose on your face está tan claro como el agua
    just follow your nose (go straight ahead) sigue todo recto 2 (follow instinct) guíate por el instinto
    to get up somebody's nose SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL familiar fastidiar a alguien
    to have a nose for something tener olfato para algo
    to keep one's nose clean SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL familiar no meterse en líos
    to pay through the nose pagar un dineral
    to poke/stick one's nose into something meter las narices en algo
    to put somebody's nose out of joint molestar a alguien, ofender a alguien
    under somebody's very nose / right under somebody's nose ante las propias narices de alguien
    nose ['no:z] v, nosed ; nosing vt
    1) smell: olfatear
    2) : empujar con el hocico
    the dog nosed open the bag: el perro abrió el saco con el hocico
    3) edge, move: mover poco a poco
    nose vi
    1) pry: entrometerse, meter las narices
    2) edge: avanzar poco a poco
    nose n
    1) : nariz f (de una persona), hocico m (de un animal)
    to blow one's nose: sonarse las narices
    2) smell: olfato m, sentido m del olfato
    3) front: parte f delantera, nariz f (de un avión), proa f (de un barco)
    4)
    to follow one's nose : dejarse guiar por el instinto
    n.
    • hocico s.m.
    • morro (Avión) (•Aeronáutica•) s.m.
    • nariz s.f.
    • olfato s.m.
    • proa s.f.
    v.
    • husmear v.
    • olfatear v.
    nəʊz
    I
    1) (of person, animal) nariz f

    to blow one's nose — sonarse* (la nariz)

    her nose was bleeding — le salía sangre de la nariz, le sangraba la nariz

    not to look/see beyond the end of one's nose — no ver* más allá de sus (or mis etc) narices

    to cut off one's nose to spite one's face — tirar piedras al or contra el propio tejado

    to follow one's nose — ( go straight on) seguir* derecho or todo recto; ( act intuitively) dejarse guiar por la intuición

    to get up somebody's nose — (BrE colloq)

    to keep one's nose clean — (colloq) no meterse en líos (fam)

    to keep one's nose to the grindstone — trabajar duro, darle* al callo (Esp fam)

    to lead somebody by the nose — tener* a alguien agarrado por las narices, manejar a alguien a su (or mi etc) antojo

    to look down one's nose at somebody — mirar a alguien por encima del hombro

    to pay through the nose — (colloq) pagar* un ojo de la cara or un riñón (fam)

    to poke o stick one's nose in — (colloq) meter las narices en algo (fam)

    to put somebody's nose out of joint — (colloq) hacer* que alguien se moleste or se ofenda

    to rub somebody's nose in something — (colloq) restregarle* or refregarle* algo a alguien por las narices (fam)

    to turn one's nose up at something/somebody — (colloq) despreciar algo/a alguien; (before n)

    nose drops — gotas fpl nasales

    2) (of plane, car) parte f delantera, morro m, trompa f (RPl); ( of boat) proa f

    II
    1.
    a) (rummage, pry) entrometerse

    to nose around o about in something — husmear or fisgonear en algo

    b) ( move slowly) (+ adv compl)

    to nose past/out/in — pasar/salir*/entrar lentamente


    2.
    vt

    to nose one's way — avanzar* con precaución

    Phrasal Verbs:
    [nǝʊz]
    1. N
    1) (Anat) [of person] nariz f; [of animal] hocico m

    • his nose was bleeding — le sangraba la nariz, le salía sangre de la nariz

    • to have one's nose in a book — estar enfrascado en un libro

    • to hold one's nose — (lit) taparse la nariz

    • to talk or speak through one's nose — ganguear, hablar con voz gangosa

    - keep one's nose clean
    - cut off one's nose to spite one's face
    - get/have one's nose in front
    - keep one's nose out
    - lead sb by the nose
    - look down one's nose at sth/sb
    - on the nose

    that's it! you've hit it on the nose! — ¡eso es! ¡has dado en el clavo!

    - pay through the nose
    - poke or stick one's nose into sth

    who asked you to poke your nose in? — ¿quién te manda meter las narices * or meterte en esto?

    - put sb's nose out of joint
    - see no further than the end of one's nose
    - turn up one's nose at sth

    under sb's nose: it's right under your nose — lo tienes delante de las narices *

    she did it under his very nose or right under his nose — lo hizo delante de sus narices

    bloody 1., 1), blow II, 1., 2), follow 1., 1), grindstone, joint 2., 3), pick 2., 5), plain 1., 1), thumb 2., 3)
    2) (=distance)

    to win by a nose — [horse] ganar por una nariz; (fig) ganar por los pelos

    3) (=front part) [of aeroplane, car] morro m, parte f delantera; [of boat] proa f
    4) (=sense of smell) olfato m
    5) (=instinct)
    6) [of wine] aroma m, buqué m
    2.
    VI
    3. VT
    1) (=move)
    2) (=nuzzle, nudge)
    4.
    CPD

    nose cone N — [of missile] ojiva f; [of racing car] cabeza f separable

    nose drops NPL — gotas fpl para la nariz

    nose job * N —

    nose ring N — [of animal] argolla f (en el hocico); [of person] pendiente m en la nariz

    nose stud N — piercing m de or en la nariz

    * * *
    [nəʊz]
    I
    1) (of person, animal) nariz f

    to blow one's nose — sonarse* (la nariz)

    her nose was bleeding — le salía sangre de la nariz, le sangraba la nariz

    not to look/see beyond the end of one's nose — no ver* más allá de sus (or mis etc) narices

    to cut off one's nose to spite one's face — tirar piedras al or contra el propio tejado

    to follow one's nose — ( go straight on) seguir* derecho or todo recto; ( act intuitively) dejarse guiar por la intuición

    to get up somebody's nose — (BrE colloq)

    to keep one's nose clean — (colloq) no meterse en líos (fam)

    to keep one's nose to the grindstone — trabajar duro, darle* al callo (Esp fam)

    to lead somebody by the nose — tener* a alguien agarrado por las narices, manejar a alguien a su (or mi etc) antojo

    to look down one's nose at somebody — mirar a alguien por encima del hombro

    to pay through the nose — (colloq) pagar* un ojo de la cara or un riñón (fam)

    to poke o stick one's nose in — (colloq) meter las narices en algo (fam)

    to put somebody's nose out of joint — (colloq) hacer* que alguien se moleste or se ofenda

    to rub somebody's nose in something — (colloq) restregarle* or refregarle* algo a alguien por las narices (fam)

    to turn one's nose up at something/somebody — (colloq) despreciar algo/a alguien; (before n)

    nose drops — gotas fpl nasales

    2) (of plane, car) parte f delantera, morro m, trompa f (RPl); ( of boat) proa f

    II
    1.
    a) (rummage, pry) entrometerse

    to nose around o about in something — husmear or fisgonear en algo

    b) ( move slowly) (+ adv compl)

    to nose past/out/in — pasar/salir*/entrar lentamente


    2.
    vt

    to nose one's way — avanzar* con precaución

    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > nose

  • 19 hell

    noun
    1) Hölle, die

    all hell was let loose — (fig.) es war die Hölle los; see also academic.ru/60153/raise">raise 1. 7)

    2) (coll.)

    [oh] hell! — verdammter Mist! (ugs.)

    to or the hell with it! — ich hab's satt (ugs.)

    a or one hell of a [good] party — eine unheimlich gute Party (ugs.)

    work/run like hell — wie der Teufel arbeiten/rennen (ugs.)

    it hurt like hell — es tat höllisch weh (ugs.)

    * * *
    [hel]
    ((according to some religions) the place or state of punishment of the wicked after death with much pain, misery etc.) die Hölle
    - for the hell of it
    - hellbent on
    * * *
    [hi:l]
    = he will/he shall, will1, shall
    [hel]
    I. n no pl
    1. (not heaven) Hölle f
    to go to \hell in die Hölle kommen, zur Hölle fahren geh o fig
    2. ( fig fam) Hölle f fam
    to \hell with it! ich hab's satt!
    to \hell with you! du kannst mich mal!
    to not have a chance/hope in \hell nicht die geringste Chance/leiseste Hoffnung haben
    \hell on earth die Hölle auf Erden
    to annoy the \hell out of sb ( fam) jdn schrecklich nerven, jdm fürchterlich auf den Keks gehen BRD fam
    to be \hell die Hölle sein fam
    to be \hell on sb/sth für jdn/etw die Hölle sein
    to beat [or knock] the \hell out of sb jdn windelweich prügeln fam, jdn grün und blau schlagen fam
    ▪ sth/sb from \hell etw/jd ist die reinste Hölle
    a job/winter from \hell eine höllische Arbeit/ein höllischer Winter
    to frighten [or scare] the \hell out of sb jdn zu Tode erschrecken
    to go through \hell durch die Hölle gehen
    to have been to \hell and back durch die Hölle gegangen sein
    to make sb's life \hell jdm das Leben zur Hölle machen
    to raise \hell (complain) Krach schlagen fam; (be loud and rowdy) einen Höllenlärm machen
    he's one \hell of a guy! er ist echt total in Ordnung!
    they had a \hell of a time (negative) es war die Hölle für sie; (positive) sie hatten einen Heidenspaß
    a \hell of a decision eine verflixt schwere Entscheidung fam
    a \hell of a lot verdammt viel
    a \hell of a performance eine Superleistung fam
    as cold as \hell saukalt sl
    as hard as \hell verflucht hart sl
    as hot as \hell verdammt heiß sl
    to do sth as quickly as \hell etw in einem Höllentempo machen fam
    to hope/wish to \hell ( fam) etw inständig hoffen/wünschen
    4.
    ▶ all \hell breaks loose die Hölle [o der Teufel] ist los
    ▶ come \hell or high water ( fam) komme, was wolle
    ▶ to do sth for the \hell of it etw aus reinem Vergnügen [o zum Spaß] machen
    ▶ until \hell freezes over ( dated fam) bis in alle Ewigkeit
    she'll be waiting until \hell freezes over da kann sie warten, bis sie schwarz wird
    ▶ from \hell entsetzlich, schrecklich
    we had a weekend from \hell unser Wochenende war eine Katastrophe
    ▶ to give sb \hell (scold) jdm die Hölle heißmachen fam; (make life unbearable) jdm das Leben zur Hölle machen
    ▶ go to \hell! (sl: leave me alone) scher dich zum Teufel! sl
    ▶ to go to \hell in a handbasket AM ( fam) den Bach runtergehen fam
    ▶ to have \hell to pay ( fam) jede Menge Ärger haben fam
    ▶ like \hell wie verrückt fam
    ▶ to play \hell with sth mit etw dat Schindluder treiben fam
    ▶ the road to \hell is paved with good intentions ( prov) es gibt nichts Gutes, außer man tut es prov
    ▶ to run \hell for leather ( dated fam) wie der Teufel rennen fam
    II. interj
    what the \hell are you doing? was zum Teufel machst du da?
    get the \hell out of here, will you? mach, dass du rauskommst! fam, scher dich zum Teufel! sl
    oh \hell! Scheiße! sl, Mist! fam
    \hell no! bloß nicht!
    ▶ \hell's bells [or teeth]! verdammt nochmal! sl
    ▶ the \hell you do! AM ( fam) einen Dreck tust du! sl
    ▶ like \hell! (sl) nie im Leben! sl
    ▶ what the \hell! (sl) was soll's! fam
    * * *
    [hel]
    n
    1) Hölle f

    to go to hell (lit) — in die Hölle kommen, zur Hölle fahren (liter)

    2)

    (fig uses) all hell broke loose — die Hölle war los

    it's hell working there —

    you'll get hell if he finds out (inf) — der macht dich zur Schnecke or Sau, wenn er das erfährt (inf)

    there'll be hell to pay when he finds out — wenn er das erfährt, ist der Teufel los (inf)

    I did it ( just) for the hell of it (inf) — ich habe es nur zum Spaß or aus Jux gemacht

    come hell or high water — egal, was passiert

    you can wait until hell freezes over — da kannst du warten, bis du schwarz wirst

    hell for leather — was das Zeug hält; run also was die Beine hergeben

    the mother-in-law from hell — die böse Schwiegermutter, wie sie im Buche steht

    3) (inf

    intensifier) a hell of a noise — ein Höllen- or Heidenlärm m (inf)

    to work like hell — arbeiten, was das Zeug hält, wie wild arbeiten (inf)

    to run like hell — laufen, was die Beine hergeben

    she's a or one hell of a girl — die ist schwer in Ordnung (inf), das ist ein klasse Mädchen (inf)

    that's one or a hell of a problem/difference/climb — das ist ein verdammt or wahnsinnig schwieriges Problem (inf)/ein wahnsinniger Unterschied (inf)/eine wahnsinnige Kletterei (inf)

    I hope to hell he's right — ich hoffe ja nur, dass er recht hat

    to hell with you/him — hol dich/ihn der Teufel (inf), du kannst/der kann mich mal (inf)

    what the hell do you want? — was willst du denn, verdammt noch mal? (inf)

    where the hell is it? — wo ist es denn, verdammt noch mal? (inf)

    you scared the hell out of me — du hast mich zu Tode erschreckt

    pay that much for a meal? like hell — so viel für ein Essen bezahlen? ich bin doch nicht verrückt!

    he knows the Queen? – like hell! — er und die Königin kennen? – wers glaubt!

    hell! — so'n Mist! (inf), verdammt noch mal! (inf)

    hell's bells!, hell's teeth! ( euph, expressing surprise ) — heiliger Strohsack or Bimbam! (inf); (expressing anger) zum Kuckuck noch mal! (inf)

    what the hell, I've nothing to lose — zum Teufel, ich habe nichts zu verlieren (inf)

    * * *
    hell [hel]
    A s
    1. Hölle f (auch fig):
    it was hell es war die (reine) Hölle;
    beat ( oder knock) hell out of sb umg jemanden fürchterlich verdreschen;
    catch ( oder get) hell umg eins aufs Dach kriegen;
    come hell or high water umg unter allen Umständen, auf Biegen od Brechen;
    give sb hell umg jemandem die Hölle heißmachen;
    go to hell in die Hölle kommen, zur Hölle fahren;
    go to hell! umg scher dich zum Teufel!;
    make sb’s life a hell jemandem das Leben zur Hölle machen;
    there will be hell to pay if we get caught umg wenn wir erwischt werden, ist der Teufel los;
    play hell with umg Schindluder treiben mit;
    raise hell umg einen Mordskrach schlagen;
    I’ll see you in hell first! umg ich werd den Teufel tun!;
    suffer hell on earth die Hölle auf Erden haben
    2. intensivierend umg:
    a hell of a lot eine verdammte Menge;
    a hell of a noise ein Höllenlärm;
    be in a hell of a temper eine Mordswut oder eine Stinklaune haben;
    a hell of a good car ein verdammt guter Wagen;
    a hell of a guy ein Pfundskerl;
    what the hell …? was zum Teufel …?;
    like hell wie verrückt (arbeiten etc);
    it hurts like hell es tut hundsgemein weh;
    like hell he paid for the meal! er dachte nicht im Traum daran, das Essen zu zahlen!;
    hell for leather wie verrückt (fahren etc);
    get the hell out of here! mach, dass du rauskommst!;
    the hell I will! ich werd den Teufel tun!;
    not a hope in hell nicht die geringste Hoffnung;
    (as) … as hell fürchterlich …;
    (as) tired (sure) as hell hundemüde (todsicher, so sicher wie das Amen in der Kirche);
    hell’s bells ( oder teeth)! → B
    3. umg
    a) Spaß m:
    for the hell of it aus Spaß an der Freude;
    the hell of it is that … das Komische daran ist, dass …
    b) US Ausgelassenheit f, Übermut m
    4. Spielhölle f
    5. TYPO Defektenkasten m
    B int umg
    a) (verärgert) verdammt!, verflucht!: → bloody A 4
    b) iron haha!
    c) (überrascht) Teufel auch!, Teufel, Teufel!
    * * *
    noun
    1) Hölle, die

    all hell was let loose — (fig.) es war die Hölle los; see also raise 1. 7)

    2) (coll.)

    [oh] hell! — verdammter Mist! (ugs.)

    what the hell! — ach, zum Teufel! (ugs.)

    to or the hell with it! — ich hab's satt (ugs.)

    a or one hell of a [good] party — eine unheimlich gute Party (ugs.)

    work/run like hell — wie der Teufel arbeiten/rennen (ugs.)

    * * *
    n.
    Hölle -n f.

    English-german dictionary > hell

  • 20 ésta

    Del verbo estar: ( conjugate estar) \ \
    está es: \ \
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo
    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
    Multiple Entries: esta     estar     está     ésta
    estar 1 ( conjugate estar) cópula 1
    ◊ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1 to be;
    estás más gordo you've put on weight; estoy cansada I'm tired; está muy simpático conmigo he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently); ¡todo está tan caro! things are o have become so expensive!
    b) ( con
    ◊ bien, mal, mejor, peor): están todos bien, gracias they're all fine, thanks;
    ¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!; está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him; ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor 2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be; 3 ( seguido de participios) estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other; ver tb v aux 2 4 ( seguido de preposición) to be; (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente); ¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?; está con el sarampión she has (the) measles; estoy de cocinera I'm doing the cooking; estamos sin electricidad the electricity is off at the moment; está sin pintar it hasn't been painted yet verbo intransitivo 1 ( en un lugar) to be;
    ◊ ¿dónde está Chiapas? where's Chiapas?;
    está a 20 kilómetros de aquí it's 20 kilometers from here; ¿sabes dónde está Pedro? do you know where Pedro is?; ¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?; solo éstaé unos días I'll only be staying a few days; ¿cuánto tiempo éstaás en Londres? how long are you going to be in London (for)? 2 ( en el tiempo):
    ◊ ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?;
    ¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?; estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May; estamos en primavera it's spring 3
    a) (tener como función, cometido):
    estamos para ayudarlos we're here to help them 4 (estar listo, terminado): lo atas con un nudo y ya está you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are; enseguida estoy I'll be right with you 5 (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl): la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better ésta v aux 1 ( con gerundio): estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible 2 ( con participio): ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now; ver tb estar cópula 3 estarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ( permanecer) to stay;
    ◊ ¿no te puedes ésta quieto? can't you stay o keep still?;
    estese tranquilo don't worry
    estar 2 sustantivo masculino (esp AmL) living room
    este,-a adj dem
    1 this
    este barco, this ship
    esta casa, this house 2 estos,-as, these
    estos hombres, these men
    estas mujeres, these women
    esta adj dem ➣ este,-a
    estar verbo intransitivo
    1 (existir, hallarse) to be: está al norte, it is to the north
    ¿estarás en casa?, will you be at home?
    no está en ningún lado, it isn't anywhere
    estamos aquí para servirle, we are at your service
    su pedido aún no está, your order isn't ready yet
    2 (permanecer) to stay: estos días estoy en casa de mis padres, these days I'm staying at my parents' place
    estoy en la oficina de ocho a dos, I'm at the office from eight to two
    quiero que estés aquí un minuto, ahora vuelvo, stay here, I'll be right back
    3 (tener una situación actual determinada: con adjetivo o participio) estaba blanco como la cera, he had turned as white as a sheet
    está dormido, he's asleep
    está teñida de rubio, her hair's dyed blonde (con gerundio) está estudiando, he is studying
    estaba preparando la comida, I was cooking (con adverbio) estoy tan lejos, I'm so far away
    está muy mal, (enfermo) he is very ill
    4 (quedar, sentar) el jersey me está pequeño, the sweater is too small for me
    5 (para indicar precio, grados, fecha) (+ a: fecha) to be: ¿a qué día estamos?, what's the date?
    estamos a 1 de Julio, it is the first of July (: precio) to be at: ¿a cómo/cuánto están las manzanas?, how much are the apples?
    están a setenta pesetas el kilo, they're seventy pesetas a kilo (: grados) en Madrid estamos a cuarenta grados, it's forty degrees in Madrid Locuciones: ¿estamos?, agreed?
    estar a disposición de, to be at the disposal of
    estar a la que salta, to be ready to take advantage of an opportunity
    estar a las duras y a las maduras, to take the bad with the good
    estar al caer, to be just round the corner
    estar en baja, to be waning
    estar en todo, to be on top of everything
    estaría bueno, whatever next
    ESTAR CON: (de acuerdo con) estoy con María, I agree with Mary
    ESTAR DE: estoy de broma, I'm joking
    está de camarero, he's working as a waiter
    estaba de Dios que las cosas sucedieran así, it was God's will that things turned out this way, está de vacaciones, he's on holiday
    me voy a marchar porque está claro que aquí estoy de más, I'm going to go because it's obvious that I'm in the way
    ESTAR ENCIMA: su madre siempre está encima de él, his mother is always on top of him
    ESTAR PARA: no estamos para bromas, we are in no mood for jokes
    esa ropa está para planchar, these clothes are ready to be ironed
    cuando estaba para salir, me llamaron, when I was just about to leave, they called me
    ESTAR POR: la casa está por construir, the house has still to be built
    estuve por decirle lo que pensaba, I was tempted to tell him what I thought
    estoy por la igualdad de derechos, I'm for equal rights
    ESTAR QUE: está que no puede con su alma, he is exhausted familiar está que trina, he's hopping mad
    ESTAR TRAS: está tras el ascenso, he is after promotion
    estoy tras una blusa blanca, I'm looking for a white blouse El uso del verbo to stay como traducción de estar en un lugar es incorrecto, a menos que quieras expresar lo contrario de irse o marcharse (no me voy a la playa, estaré en casa todo el verano, I'm not going to the beach, I'm staying at home all summer) o te refieras a alojarse: Estoy en el Palace. I'm staying at the Palace.
    éste,-a pron dem m,f
    1 this one: éste/ésta es más bonito/a, this one is prettier 2 éstos,-as, these (ones)
    ésta pron dem f ➣ éste
    ' ésta' also found in these entries: Spanish: abajo - abocada - abocado - abrir - abrigar - aburrida - aburrido - acabar - acabada - acabado - acaso - acento - aceptación - acercarse - achacosa - achacoso - acribillar - actual - actualidad - acudir - adscribir - afrutada - afrutado - agobiada - agobiado - agrado - ahí - alcance - altar - altura - amarrar - amuermar - ancha - ancho - anexa - anexo - anquilosarse - antes - antípodas - apego - apuntarse - aquél - aquélla - arder - arrastre - arriba - atentar - auge - auspicio - bache English: about - above-board - abroad - accustom - act - action - acute - adequate - after-care - agree - agreement - air - all - any - anybody - apparent - appealing - applicable - approach - appropriate - around - as - asbestos - aspect - astir - attuned to - auspice - available - away - back - bad-tempered - bald - bang - bare - basically - bat - battery - be - beauty - bed - behind - belong - bend - bent - best - blind - blitz - block up - bloody - blues

    English-spanish dictionary > ésta

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См. также в других словарях:

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