Перевод: с латинского на английский

с английского на латинский

res+novae

  • 1 res

    rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;

    and in the middle of the verse,

    id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
    I.
    In gen.:

    unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,

    Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:

    in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,

    id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):

    versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,

    Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:

    rerum natura creatrix,

    id. 2, 1117:

    divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):

    haeret haec res,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:

    profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 23:

    de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,

    id. ib. prol. 110:

    in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

    quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,

    from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:

    si res postulabit,

    the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

    fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,

    does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—
    B.
    With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:

    illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,

    is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,

    res mala,

    a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:

    bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,

    circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:

    res secundae,

    good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:

    res prosperae,

    Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    in secundissimis rebus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:

    adversae res,

    id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:

    res belli adversae,

    Liv. 10, 6:

    res dubiae,

    Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;

    v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,

    go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:

    malam rem hinc ibis?

    id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—
    C.
    With an adj. in a periphrasis:

    abhorrens ab re uxoriā,

    matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

    in arbitrio rei uxoriae,

    dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:

    rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,

    a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

    bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

    Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:

    erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:

    rei rusticae libro primo,

    Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §

    19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

    navalis rei certamina,

    naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:

    res militaris,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

    rei militaris gloria,

    id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:

    res frumentaria,

    forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:

    armatae rei scientissimus,

    Amm. 25, 4, 7:

    peritus aquariae rei,

    id. 28, 2, 2:

    res judicaria,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:

    res ludicra,

    play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:

    uti rebus veneriis,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:

    res Veneris,

    Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —
    D.
    With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:

    ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,

    this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:

    Ea res est,

    it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:

    de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,

    of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

    sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

    quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,

    every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:

    nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,

    nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:

    neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.

    also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,

    id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

    magna res principio statim bello,

    a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:

    nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,

    the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:

    scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,

    the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —

    Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    maxime rerum,

    Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:

    maxima rerum Roma,

    Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:

    fortissima rerum animalia,

    id. ib. 12, 502:

    pulcherrime rerum,

    id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:

    dulcissime rerum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—
    E.
    In adverb. phrases:

    e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,

    after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:

    pro re natā,

    according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:

    pro tempore et pro re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    factis benignus pro re,

    according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:

    pro re pauca loquar,

    Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:

    ex re et ex tempore,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:

    e re respondi,

    Cat. 10, 8.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:

    ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:

    desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:

    rem fabulari,

    Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:

    nihil est aliud in re,

    in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    se ipsa res aperit,

    Nep. Paus. 3, 7:

    ex re decerpere fructus,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;

    opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:

    non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

    qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,

    id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

    Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:

    quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,

    Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:

    eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,

    id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:

    vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:

    haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,

    Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,

    re quidem verā,

    id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:

    re autem verā,

    id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;

    and simply re verā,

    id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:

    re verāque,

    Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:

    et re verā,

    indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—
    B.
    Effects, substance, property, possessions:

    mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:

    quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:

    rem talentum decem,

    id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:

    avidior ad rem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:

    rem facere,

    to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:

    res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

    id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:

    qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,

    id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:

    libertino natum patre et in tenui re,

    in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):

    privatae res,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—
    2.
    Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):

    res corporales,

    Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:

    res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,

    Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:

    res sanctae,

    Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—
    C.
    Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:

    res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:

    melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:

    haec tuā re feceris,

    to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:

    quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,

    is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):

    si in rem tuam esse videatur,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:

    vide si hoc in rem deputas,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

    quod in rem recte conducat tuam,

    id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:

    si in remst utrique,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:

    quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,

    useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:

    tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

    Sall. C. 20, 1:

    omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,

    Curt. 6, 2, 21:

    ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,

    Liv. 30, 4, 6:

    imperat quae in rem sunt,

    id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:

    ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,

    for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:

    haud id est ab re aucupis,

    id. As. 1, 3, 71:

    haec haud ab re duxi referre,

    Liv. 8, 11, 1:

    non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,

    id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—
    D.
    Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:

    eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,

    Cato, R. R. 158, 2:

    hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,

    Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:

    illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:

    patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:

    quoi rei?

    for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—
    E.
    An affair, matter of business, business:

    cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    rem cum aliquo transigere,

    id. Clu. 13, 39. —

    Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,

    to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:

    famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:

    quoniam cum senatore res est,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;

    esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,

    to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:

    jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —
    F.
    A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):

    ubi res prolatae sunt,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:

    res agi,

    id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:

    quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.

    (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.

    also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,

    Liv. 1, 32:

    de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    si res certabitur olim,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

    tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,

    Dig. 3, 3, 12:

    rem differre,

    ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—
    G.
    An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:

    res gesta virtute,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:

    ut res gesta est ordine narrare,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:

    his rebus gestis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    res gerere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    rem bene gerere,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

    comminus rem gerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

    res gestae,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:

    adversus duos simul rem gerere,

    Liv. 21, 60:

    rem male gerere,

    Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:

    in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

    Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

    rem agere,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:

    ante rem,

    before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:

    cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,

    Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—
    H.
    Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:

    res in unam sententiam scripta,

    Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:

    cui lecta potenter erit res,

    Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:

    in medias res auditorem rapere,

    id. A. P. 148; 310:

    agitur res in scaenis,

    id. ib. 179; cf.:

    numeros animosque secutus, non res,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:

    sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,

    Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:

    litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

    res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,

    history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—
    K.
    Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:

    erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

    dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,

    id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:

    si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

    egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

    quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,

    Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:

    commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,

    id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:

    merere de republicā,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 40:

    de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    oppugnare rem publicam,

    id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:

    paene victā re publicā,

    id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:

    delere rem publicam,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:

    senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

    ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,

    id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;

    but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:

    eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—
    2.
    Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):

    hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,

    Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

    nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,

    Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:

    parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,

    id. 6, 41 fin.:

    Romana,

    Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:

    ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,

    Liv. 1, 28 fin.:

    Albana,

    id. 1, 6.— In plur.:

    res Asiae evertere,

    Verg. A. 3, 1:

    custode rerum Caesare,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:

    res sine discordiā translatae,

    Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —
    L.
    Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > res

  • 2 rēs

        rēs reī, f    [RA-], a thing, object, matter, affair, business, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case: divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitio: te ut ulla res frangat?: relictis rebus suis omnibus: rem omnibus narrare: si res postulabit, the case: re bene gestā: scriptor rerum suarum, annalist: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.: magna res principio statim belli, a great advantage, L.: Nil admirari prope res est una, quae, etc., the only thing, H.: rerum, facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, V.: fortissima rerum animalia, O.: dulcissime rerum, H.— A circumstance, condition: In' in malam rem, go to the bad, T.: mala res, a wretched condition, S.: res secundae, good-fortune, H.: prosperae res, N.: in secundissimis rebus: adversa belli res, L.: dubiae res, S.—In phrases with e or pro: E re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, T.: pro re natā, according to circumstances: consilium pro tempore et pro re capere, as circumstances should require, Cs.: pro re pauca loquar, V.: ex re et ex tempore.—With an adj. in circumlocution: abhorrens ab re uxoriā<*> matrimony, T.: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry: belhcam rem administrari, a battle: pecuaria res et rustica, cattle: liber de rebus rusticis, agriculture: res frumentaria, forage, Cs.: res iudiciaria, the administration of justice: res ludicra, play, H.: Veneris res, O.— A subject, story, events, facts, history: cui lecta potenter erit res, H.: agitur res in scaenis, H.: res populi R. perscribere, L.: res Persicae, history, N.— An actual thing, reality, verity, truth, fact: ipsam rem loqui, T.: nihil est aliud in re, in fact, L.: se ipsa res aperit, N.: quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā.— Abl adverb., in fact, in truth, really, actually: eos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt: verbo permittere, re hortari: hoc verbo ac simulatione Apronio, re verā tibi obiectum: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur: venit, specie ut indutiae essent, re verā ad petendum veniam, L.— Effects, substance, property, possessions, estate: et re salvā et perditā, T.: talentūm rem decem, T.: res eos iampridem, fides nuper deficere coepit: in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, H.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus: privatae res.— A benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: Quasi istic mea res minor agatur quam tua, is concerned, T.: Si in remst utrique, ut fiant, if it is a good thing for both, T.: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, useful, S.: imperat quae in rem sunt, L.: Non ex re istius, not for his good, T.: contra rem suam me venisse questus est: minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, T.: ob rem facere, advantageously, S.: haec haud ab re duxi referre, irrelevant, L.: non ab re esse, useless, L.— A cause, reason, ground, account.—In the phrase, eā re, therefore: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.; see also quā re, quam ob rem.— An affair, matter of business, business: multa inter se communicare et de re Gallicanā: tecum mihi res est, my business is: erat res ei cum exercitu, he had to deal: cum his mihi res sit, let me attend to, Cs.: quocum tum uno rem habebam, had relations, T.— A case in law, lawsuit, cause, suit, action: utrum rem an litem dici oporteret: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, L. (old form.): capere pecunias ob rem iudicandam.— An affair, battle, campaign, military operation: res gesta virtute: ut res gesta est narrabo ordine, T.: his rebus gestis, Cs.: bene rem gerere, H.: res gestae, military achievements, H.—Of the state, in the phrase, res publica (often written respublica, res p.), the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic: dum modo calamitas a rei p. periculis seiungatur: si re p. non possis frui, stultum nolle privatā, public life: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem p. sustinere: auguratum est, rem Romanam p. summam fore: paene victā re p.: rem p. delere.—In the phrase, e re publicā, for the good of the state, for the common weal, in the public interests: senatūs consultis bene et e re p. factis: uti e re p. fideque suā videretur. — Plur: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum p.: utiliores rebus suis publicis esse.—Without publica, the state, commonwealth, government: Unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. C.: Hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam Sistet, V.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, L.: res Asiae evertere, V.: Custode rerum Caesare, H.—In the phrase, rerum potiri, to obtain the sovereignty, control the government: qui rerum potiri volunt: dum ea (civitas) rerum potita est, become supreme.—In the phrase, res novae, political change, revolution.
    * * *
    I
    thing; event, business; fact; cause; property
    II
    res; (20th letter of Hebrew alphabet); (transliterate as R)

    Latin-English dictionary > rēs

  • 3 quā rē or quārē

        quā rē or quārē adv.,    by what means? whereby? how?: Quid si nunc fortunatus fias? Ch. quā re? T.—By means of which, whereby, in order that: res novae, quā re luxuria reprimeretur, N.: permulta dici possunt, quā re intellegatur, etc.— From what cause? on what account? wherefore? why?: quā re negasti illud te fuisse laturum?: quā re Templa ruunt antiqua? H.—By reason of which, so that: accendis, quā re cupiam, etc., i. e. you inflame my desire, H.: quaeramus, quae tanta vitia fuerint in unico filio, quā re is patri displiceret.—And for that reason, wherefore, therefore: quā re sic tibi eum commendo, ut, etc.: quā re pro certo habetote, S.

    Latin-English dictionary > quā rē or quārē

  • 4 novissima

    nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    civitates condere novas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

    nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

    novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

    Liv. 7, 7; cf.

    miles,

    Sall. J. 87, 2:

    imperator,

    id. ib. 44, 2:

    novum de integro proelium,

    Liv. 24, 16:

    Camillus,

    id. 22, 14:

    consules,

    Suet. Caes. 15:

    serpens,

    which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

    caro,

    fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
    1.
    Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    2.
    Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

    tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

    Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

    beneficiorum novae tabulae,

    i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
    3.
    Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

    in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

    id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

    M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

    Juv. 8, 237:

    nova nupta,

    a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    novorum lectio,

    id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
    4.
    Novae res, new things, novelties:

    nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

    novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

    num quidnam inquit novi?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

    si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

    Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

    novorum interpositione priora confundere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

    Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

    rerum novarum causam quaerere,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    plebes novarum rerum cupida,

    Sall. C. 28, 4:

    cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

    id. ib. 37, 1:

    novarum rerum avidi,

    id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

    flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

    nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

    novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

    id. Lig. 1, 1:

    nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

    Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

    nova monstra,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

    si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

    Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
    2.
    New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

    Ov. H. 11, 48.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    novus dolori,

    Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
    * (γ).
    With inf.:

    nova ferre jugum cervix,

    Sil. 16, 332.—
    3.
    Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

    vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    4.
    Recent:

    tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
    C.
    In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

    nova creatura,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

    induite novum hominem,

    ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
    II.
    Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

    extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    histriones,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

    qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

    novissimum agmen,

    the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

    novissimis praesidio esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

    id. ib. 2, 11:

    dixitque novissima verba,

    Verg. A. 4, 650:

    novissima cauda,

    i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

    luna,

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
    2.
    Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

    exempla,

    the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

    a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    novissimum casum experitur,

    id. ib. 12, 33.—
    B.
    Esp. in eccl. Lat.
    1.
    Youngest:

    liberorum,

    Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
    2.
    Lowest in rank or fortune:

    de novissimis populi,

    Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
    3.
    As subst.
    a.
    Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
    (α).
    Of place:

    terrae,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

    a summo ad novissimum,

    the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habent spem in novissimo,

    Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
    b.
    Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
    (α).
    Of place, the bottom, depths:

    abyssi,

    Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habebis in novissimis spem,

    Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

    novissima hominis illius,

    the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
    (α).
    Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

    ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

    verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

    Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
    (β).
    Form nŏvĭter, newly:

    BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

    Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

    amor noviter venit,

    Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
    a.
    Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

    quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

    id. ib.:

    novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

    Sall. C. 33, 2:

    liber quem novissime tibi misi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

    eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

    Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
    b.
    Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

    dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    id. 11, 2, 41:

    vel... vel... vel novissime,

    id. 7, 1, 37:

    et... et... et novissime,

    id. 2, 4, 10:

    cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

    id. 5, 11, 3:

    novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

    in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novissima

  • 5 novissimi

    nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    civitates condere novas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

    nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

    novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

    Liv. 7, 7; cf.

    miles,

    Sall. J. 87, 2:

    imperator,

    id. ib. 44, 2:

    novum de integro proelium,

    Liv. 24, 16:

    Camillus,

    id. 22, 14:

    consules,

    Suet. Caes. 15:

    serpens,

    which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

    caro,

    fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
    1.
    Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    2.
    Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

    tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

    Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

    beneficiorum novae tabulae,

    i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
    3.
    Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

    in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

    id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

    M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

    Juv. 8, 237:

    nova nupta,

    a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    novorum lectio,

    id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
    4.
    Novae res, new things, novelties:

    nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

    novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

    num quidnam inquit novi?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

    si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

    Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

    novorum interpositione priora confundere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

    Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

    rerum novarum causam quaerere,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    plebes novarum rerum cupida,

    Sall. C. 28, 4:

    cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

    id. ib. 37, 1:

    novarum rerum avidi,

    id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

    flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

    nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

    novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

    id. Lig. 1, 1:

    nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

    Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

    nova monstra,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

    si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

    Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
    2.
    New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

    Ov. H. 11, 48.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    novus dolori,

    Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
    * (γ).
    With inf.:

    nova ferre jugum cervix,

    Sil. 16, 332.—
    3.
    Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

    vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    4.
    Recent:

    tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
    C.
    In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

    nova creatura,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

    induite novum hominem,

    ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
    II.
    Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

    extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    histriones,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

    qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

    novissimum agmen,

    the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

    novissimis praesidio esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

    id. ib. 2, 11:

    dixitque novissima verba,

    Verg. A. 4, 650:

    novissima cauda,

    i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

    luna,

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
    2.
    Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

    exempla,

    the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

    a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    novissimum casum experitur,

    id. ib. 12, 33.—
    B.
    Esp. in eccl. Lat.
    1.
    Youngest:

    liberorum,

    Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
    2.
    Lowest in rank or fortune:

    de novissimis populi,

    Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
    3.
    As subst.
    a.
    Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
    (α).
    Of place:

    terrae,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

    a summo ad novissimum,

    the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habent spem in novissimo,

    Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
    b.
    Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
    (α).
    Of place, the bottom, depths:

    abyssi,

    Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habebis in novissimis spem,

    Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

    novissima hominis illius,

    the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
    (α).
    Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

    ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

    verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

    Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
    (β).
    Form nŏvĭter, newly:

    BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

    Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

    amor noviter venit,

    Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
    a.
    Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

    quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

    id. ib.:

    novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

    Sall. C. 33, 2:

    liber quem novissime tibi misi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

    eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

    Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
    b.
    Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

    dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    id. 11, 2, 41:

    vel... vel... vel novissime,

    id. 7, 1, 37:

    et... et... et novissime,

    id. 2, 4, 10:

    cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

    id. 5, 11, 3:

    novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

    in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novissimi

  • 6 novissimum

    nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    civitates condere novas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

    nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

    novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

    Liv. 7, 7; cf.

    miles,

    Sall. J. 87, 2:

    imperator,

    id. ib. 44, 2:

    novum de integro proelium,

    Liv. 24, 16:

    Camillus,

    id. 22, 14:

    consules,

    Suet. Caes. 15:

    serpens,

    which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

    caro,

    fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
    1.
    Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    2.
    Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

    tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

    Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

    beneficiorum novae tabulae,

    i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
    3.
    Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

    in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

    id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

    M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

    Juv. 8, 237:

    nova nupta,

    a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    novorum lectio,

    id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
    4.
    Novae res, new things, novelties:

    nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

    novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

    num quidnam inquit novi?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

    si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

    Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

    novorum interpositione priora confundere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

    Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

    rerum novarum causam quaerere,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    plebes novarum rerum cupida,

    Sall. C. 28, 4:

    cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

    id. ib. 37, 1:

    novarum rerum avidi,

    id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

    flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

    nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

    novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

    id. Lig. 1, 1:

    nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

    Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

    nova monstra,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

    si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

    Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
    2.
    New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

    Ov. H. 11, 48.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    novus dolori,

    Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
    * (γ).
    With inf.:

    nova ferre jugum cervix,

    Sil. 16, 332.—
    3.
    Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

    vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    4.
    Recent:

    tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
    C.
    In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

    nova creatura,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

    induite novum hominem,

    ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
    II.
    Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

    extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    histriones,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

    qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

    novissimum agmen,

    the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

    novissimis praesidio esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

    id. ib. 2, 11:

    dixitque novissima verba,

    Verg. A. 4, 650:

    novissima cauda,

    i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

    luna,

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
    2.
    Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

    exempla,

    the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

    a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    novissimum casum experitur,

    id. ib. 12, 33.—
    B.
    Esp. in eccl. Lat.
    1.
    Youngest:

    liberorum,

    Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
    2.
    Lowest in rank or fortune:

    de novissimis populi,

    Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
    3.
    As subst.
    a.
    Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
    (α).
    Of place:

    terrae,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

    a summo ad novissimum,

    the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habent spem in novissimo,

    Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
    b.
    Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
    (α).
    Of place, the bottom, depths:

    abyssi,

    Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habebis in novissimis spem,

    Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

    novissima hominis illius,

    the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
    (α).
    Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

    ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

    verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

    Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
    (β).
    Form nŏvĭter, newly:

    BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

    Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

    amor noviter venit,

    Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
    a.
    Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

    quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

    id. ib.:

    novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

    Sall. C. 33, 2:

    liber quem novissime tibi misi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

    eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

    Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
    b.
    Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

    dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    id. 11, 2, 41:

    vel... vel... vel novissime,

    id. 7, 1, 37:

    et... et... et novissime,

    id. 2, 4, 10:

    cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

    id. 5, 11, 3:

    novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

    in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novissimum

  • 7 novum

    nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    civitates condere novas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

    nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

    novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

    Liv. 7, 7; cf.

    miles,

    Sall. J. 87, 2:

    imperator,

    id. ib. 44, 2:

    novum de integro proelium,

    Liv. 24, 16:

    Camillus,

    id. 22, 14:

    consules,

    Suet. Caes. 15:

    serpens,

    which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

    caro,

    fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
    1.
    Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    2.
    Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

    tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

    Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

    beneficiorum novae tabulae,

    i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
    3.
    Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

    in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

    id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

    M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

    Juv. 8, 237:

    nova nupta,

    a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    novorum lectio,

    id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
    4.
    Novae res, new things, novelties:

    nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

    novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

    num quidnam inquit novi?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

    si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

    Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

    novorum interpositione priora confundere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

    Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

    rerum novarum causam quaerere,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    plebes novarum rerum cupida,

    Sall. C. 28, 4:

    cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

    id. ib. 37, 1:

    novarum rerum avidi,

    id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

    flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

    nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

    novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

    id. Lig. 1, 1:

    nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

    Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

    nova monstra,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

    si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

    Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
    2.
    New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

    Ov. H. 11, 48.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    novus dolori,

    Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
    * (γ).
    With inf.:

    nova ferre jugum cervix,

    Sil. 16, 332.—
    3.
    Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

    vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    4.
    Recent:

    tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
    C.
    In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

    nova creatura,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

    induite novum hominem,

    ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
    II.
    Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

    extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    histriones,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

    qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

    novissimum agmen,

    the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

    novissimis praesidio esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

    id. ib. 2, 11:

    dixitque novissima verba,

    Verg. A. 4, 650:

    novissima cauda,

    i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

    luna,

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
    2.
    Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

    exempla,

    the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

    a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    novissimum casum experitur,

    id. ib. 12, 33.—
    B.
    Esp. in eccl. Lat.
    1.
    Youngest:

    liberorum,

    Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
    2.
    Lowest in rank or fortune:

    de novissimis populi,

    Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
    3.
    As subst.
    a.
    Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
    (α).
    Of place:

    terrae,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

    a summo ad novissimum,

    the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habent spem in novissimo,

    Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
    b.
    Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
    (α).
    Of place, the bottom, depths:

    abyssi,

    Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habebis in novissimis spem,

    Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

    novissima hominis illius,

    the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
    (α).
    Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

    ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

    verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

    Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
    (β).
    Form nŏvĭter, newly:

    BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

    Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

    amor noviter venit,

    Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
    a.
    Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

    quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

    id. ib.:

    novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

    Sall. C. 33, 2:

    liber quem novissime tibi misi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

    eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

    Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
    b.
    Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

    dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    id. 11, 2, 41:

    vel... vel... vel novissime,

    id. 7, 1, 37:

    et... et... et novissime,

    id. 2, 4, 10:

    cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

    id. 5, 11, 3:

    novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

    in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novum

  • 8 novus

    nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    civitates condere novas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

    nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

    novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

    Liv. 7, 7; cf.

    miles,

    Sall. J. 87, 2:

    imperator,

    id. ib. 44, 2:

    novum de integro proelium,

    Liv. 24, 16:

    Camillus,

    id. 22, 14:

    consules,

    Suet. Caes. 15:

    serpens,

    which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

    caro,

    fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.
    1.
    Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    2.
    Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

    tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

    Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

    beneficiorum novae tabulae,

    i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—
    3.
    Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

    in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

    id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

    M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

    Juv. 8, 237:

    nova nupta,

    a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    novorum lectio,

    id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—
    4.
    Novae res, new things, novelties:

    nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

    novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

    num quidnam inquit novi?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

    si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

    Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

    novorum interpositione priora confundere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

    Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

    rerum novarum causam quaerere,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    plebes novarum rerum cupida,

    Sall. C. 28, 4:

    cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

    id. ib. 37, 1:

    novarum rerum avidi,

    id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

    flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

    nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

    novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

    id. Lig. 1, 1:

    nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

    Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

    nova monstra,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

    si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

    Quint. 4, 1, 33.—
    2.
    New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

    Ov. H. 11, 48.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    novus dolori,

    Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—
    * (γ).
    With inf.:

    nova ferre jugum cervix,

    Sil. 16, 332.—
    3.
    Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

    vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—
    4.
    Recent:

    tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—
    C.
    In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

    nova creatura,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

    induite novum hominem,

    ib. Eph. 4, 24.—
    II.
    Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

    extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    histriones,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

    qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

    novissimum agmen,

    the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

    novissimis praesidio esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

    id. ib. 2, 11:

    dixitque novissima verba,

    Verg. A. 4, 650:

    novissima cauda,

    i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

    luna,

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—
    2.
    Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

    exempla,

    the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

    a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    novissimum casum experitur,

    id. ib. 12, 33.—
    B.
    Esp. in eccl. Lat.
    1.
    Youngest:

    liberorum,

    Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—
    2.
    Lowest in rank or fortune:

    de novissimis populi,

    Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—
    3.
    As subst.
    a.
    Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
    (α).
    Of place:

    terrae,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

    a summo ad novissimum,

    the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habent spem in novissimo,

    Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—
    b.
    Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
    (α).
    Of place, the bottom, depths:

    abyssi,

    Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—
    (β).
    Of time:

    habebis in novissimis spem,

    Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

    novissima hominis illius,

    the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
    (α).
    Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

    ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

    verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

    Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —
    (β).
    Form nŏvĭter, newly:

    BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

    Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

    amor noviter venit,

    Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
    a.
    Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

    quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

    id. ib.:

    novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

    Sall. C. 33, 2:

    liber quem novissime tibi misi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

    eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

    Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—
    b.
    Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

    dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

    primum... post haec... novissime,

    id. 11, 2, 41:

    vel... vel... vel novissime,

    id. 7, 1, 37:

    et... et... et novissime,

    id. 2, 4, 10:

    cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

    id. 5, 11, 3:

    novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

    in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novus

  • 9 novus

        novus adj.    [1 NV-], new, not old, young, fresh, recent: civitates condere novas: nobilitas, S.: ut rursus novus de integro exsudetur labor, a new task... all over again, L.: imperator, S.: novum de integro proelium, L.: hanc ipsam novam (rem) devoravit, his latest windfall: flores, new-blown, H.: serpens, which has cast its old skin, O.: caro, fresh, Iu.— Plur m. as subst, the moderns, our contemporaries: Quae veteres factitarunt si faciant novi, T.— Sing n. as subst: num quidnam esset novi? any news? —With tabernae, the new shops (of money-changers in the Forum): tabernae argentariae, quae nunc novae appellantur, arsere, L.: sub novis (sc. tabernis): Nova via, New street (skirting the north-western slope of the Palatine hill), L.—With tabulae, new account-books, a new account (cancelling old debts): quid enim exspectas? bellum?... an tabulas novas? i. e. an abolition of debts: polliceri tabulas novas, S.—With homo, the first of a family to obtain a curule office, one newly ennobled, an upstart, self-made man: me hominem novum consulem fecistis: hominibus novis honores mandare.—As subst.. Hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, Iu.: pauci consules facti sunt, novus ante me nemo: plebes novos extollebat, men without ancestors, S.—With res, a new thing, news, novelty, innovation, revolution: rem ullam novam adlatam esse: Maelius novis rebus studens, a revolution: cupidus rerum novarum, Cs.: plebes novarum rerum cupida, S.: novarum rerum avidi, S.— New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of: em nova res ortast, T.: genus pugnae, Cs.: nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?: Ignoti nova forma viri, V.: monstra, H.: nova acies inaudita ante id tempus, L.— Sing n. as subst: ne quid novi fiat.— New, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced: maritus, T.: Et rudis ad partūs et nova miles eram, O.: delictis hostium novus, Ta.—Of order, only sup, latest, last, hindermost, extreme: novissimi histriones: novissimum agmen, rear, Cs.: verba, parting, V.: <*>auda, i. e. end, O.— Plur m. as subst, the rear, last line: novissimis praesidio esse, Cs.: novissimos adorti, Cs.
    * * *
    nova -um, novior -or -us, novissimus -a -um ADJ
    new, fresh, young; unusual, extraordinary; (novae res, f. pl. = revolution)

    Latin-English dictionary > novus

  • 10 ratio

    rătĭo, onis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f. [reor, ratus], a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

    rationem putare... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    itur, putatur ratio cum argentario... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.:

    dextera digitis rationem computat,

    id. Mil. 2, 2, 49:

    magna ratio C. Verruci,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188:

    direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,

    id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.:

    quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc.,... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto):

    decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,

    to make the reckoning, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 38 (al. ductare):

    rationem ducere,

    to make a computation, to compute, calculate, reckon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; so, rationem habere, to take an account, make a computation:

    omnium proeliorum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 53; cf.:

    hujus omnis pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur,

    id. B. G. 6, 19; and:

    piratarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

    rationem inire,

    to cast up, reckon, calculate, Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:

    quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23; cf.:

    tibi ego rationem reddam?

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 6; id. Trin. 2, 4, 114:

    rationem referre,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

    rationem repetere de pecuniis repetundis,

    id. Clu. 37, 104: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem millia. Py. Tantum esse oportet:

    recte rationem tenes,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47 et saep.:

    drachumae, quas de ratione debuisti,

    according to the account, id. Trin. 2, 4, 24:

    grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,

    how they should bring it into their accounts, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.—
    (β).
    Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt;

    rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

    rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

    ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,

    id. Att. 4, 11, 1:

    rationes a colono accepit,

    id. Caecin. 32, 94:

    quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

    rationes referre... rationes deferre,

    id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

    Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,

    Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.:

    A RATIONIBVS,

    an accountant, Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    A list, roll, register (rare):

    cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

    rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),

    Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.:

    rationarium imperii,

    id. ib. 28.—
    2.
    A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11:

    nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,

    id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

    pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,

    Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.—
    3.
    A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero):

    res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:

    res rationesque vestrorum omnium,

    id. Am. prol. 4:

    re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

    de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana inter se multa communicare,

    id. Quint. 4, 15:

    cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. pragmasi):

    ratio nummaria,

    Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2:

    aeraria ratio,

    id. Quint. 4, 15:

    ratio domestica... bellica,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    quod ad popularem rationem attinet,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 4:

    rationes familiares componere,

    Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.:

    fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.:

    in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,

    id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    rationes civitatis,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 11:

    quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum... nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 17, 35:

    propter rationem Gallici belli,

    id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35:

    ad omnem rationem humanitatis,

    id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies, id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.:

    ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,

    id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—
    b.
    Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my ( thy, etc.) interest, my ( thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing):

    me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

    exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,

    id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.:

    consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,

    Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5:

    si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,

    Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.
    II.
    Trop., a reckoning, account, computation:

    postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,

    presented this reckoning, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 12:

    itidem hic ut Acheronti ratio accepti scribitur,

    i.e. things are taken only, nothing is given back, id. Truc. 4, 2, 36:

    nomen (comoediae) jam habetis, nunc rationes ceteras Accipite,

    an account of the rest, id. Poen. prol. 55; cf.:

    census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 30; so,

    rationem dare, for the more usual rationem reddere,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Mull.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92 Zumpt:

    (argentarii) ratione utuntur,

    make a reckoning, settle up, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

    cum eam mecum rationem puto,

    go into that calculation, think over the matter, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.:

    frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54:

    (Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71:

    quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,

    to make the following calculation, reflection, id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc.,... si, etc.,... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78;

    and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,

    id. ib. 3, 86:

    ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,

    that you may calculate, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.:

    nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28;

    and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,

    will call you to account, Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

    tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,

    Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.:

    mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Relation, reference, respect to a thing:

    (agricolae) habent rationem cum terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium,

    have an account, have to do, have dealings with the earth, Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

    ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3;

    for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,

    Col. 1, 3, 2:

    cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,

    Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:

    cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,

    id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.

    . quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?

    id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41:

    pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?

    id. Phil. 4, 6, 14:

    quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,

    id. ib. 12, 7, 17:

    fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,

    in respect to our annals, id. Brut. 13, 49.—
    b.
    Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

    quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestra sapientia, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

    (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

    id. Leg. 2, 7, 15:

    cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so,

    absentis,

    id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.:

    sauciorum et aegrorum habita ratione,

    id. ib. 3, 75:

    moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 34;

    so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71:

    alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3:

    alicujus salutis rationem habere,

    i. e. to regard, care for, be concerned about, Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20:

    turpissimae fugae rationem habere,

    id. ib. 2, 31:

    ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

    proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

    habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,

    id. B. G. 5, 27:

    non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

    cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,

    id. Clu. 42, 117:

    omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.:

    didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

    habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,

    bring into consideration, consider, id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

    ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salva lege Cornelia convenias, ego veni, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.:

    hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 29, e70.—
    c.
    Relation to a thing, i. e.
    (α).
    Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium):

    nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.:

    ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3:

    tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.:

    ratio viaque defensionis,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4:

    itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

    mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

    haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi,

    id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:

    dicendi,

    id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.:

    aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 36, 61:

    ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

    quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,

    Liv. 42, 3 fin. —In plur.:

    hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,

    plan of life, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

    de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,

    id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.—
    (β).
    Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus):

    sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.:

    ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,

    id. ib. 2, 22; so,

    rei militaris,

    id. ib. 4, 23:

    ratio atque usus belli,

    the art and practice of war, id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.:

    novae rationes bellandi,

    id. ib. 3, 50:

    ratio equestris proelii,

    id. B. G. 5, 16:

    quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,

    id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit;

    tigna bina, etc.,

    id. B. G. 4, 17:

    serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:

    ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in qua ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.:

    reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

    1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.:

    haec eadem ratio est in summa totius Galliae,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.:

    ab nostris eadem ratione, qua pridie, resistitur,

    id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101:

    docet, longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,

    id. B. G. 7, 14:

    hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliqua ratione expugnasset iste,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, ee130:

    quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis?

    id. Lael. 8, 26:

    quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67 fin.:

    simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,

    id. ib. 3, 76:

    auxilium ferri nulla ratione poterat,

    id. ib. 1, 70:

    nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoria deberent, cogitabant,

    id. ib. 3, 83 fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep.—
    (γ).
    With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. §

    678): vereor ne oratio mea aliena ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, ee109:

    multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 40, ee

    103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?

    id. Mur. 17, 35:

    nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

    id. ib. 17, 36:

    praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,

    id. ib. 2, 4:

    tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,

    id. Off. 2, 17, 60.—
    2.
    Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est hormê Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit;

    altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101:

    homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.:

    haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 27, 69:

    lex est ratio summa, insita in natura, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

    ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,

    id. N. D. 1, 42, 118:

    mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,

    id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28:

    si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and:

    si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25:

    quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,

    Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.:

    illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,

    id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and:

    moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,

    Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audacia;

    consilio et ratione deficitur,

    Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

    Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio;

    nec sat rationis in armis,

    Verg. A. 2, 314:

    rationis egens,

    id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.:

    iracundia dissidens a ratione,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 15:

    quantum ratione provideri poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.:

    quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.:

    nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,

    Caes. B. C. 7, 21:

    minari divisoribus ratio non erat,

    it was not reasonable, was contrary to reason, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so,

    too, minime rationis est,

    Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.:

    Vitellianus exercitus, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,

    which, as reason dictated, ought to have rested at Cremona, Tac. H. 3, 22:

    quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,

    reasonably, sensibly, judiciously, Cic. Att. 12, [p. 1527] 14, 3.—
    b.
    The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason:

    ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,

    Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28:

    quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.:

    nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 80:

    noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,

    id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum):

    si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.:

    ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.:

    quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae?... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, e196; cf.:

    deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,

    id. Caecin. 33, 96:

    non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc.... deinde quod, etc.... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 27, 76:

    et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 104:

    idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse,

    id. Att. 8, 11, D, §

    5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

    rationes in ea disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,

    id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116:

    rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,

    id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.:

    quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,

    id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

    num parva causa aut prava ratio est?

    reason, excuse, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27.—
    (β).
    In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition:

    ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causa controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18:

    ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,

    id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.—
    c.
    Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.:

    in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

    in a reasonable, regular manner, Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.:

    ut ratione et via procedat oratio,

    id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

    modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),

    id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:

    quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 266:

    nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43:

    intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte ratione distinctis,

    divided proportionally by rule, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.:

    ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderata ratione civitas concinit,

    in symmetrical proportion, id. ib. 2, 42, 69:

    in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

    order, system, id. ib. 2, 33, 57;

    5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,

    reasonably, id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

    ratio et distributio,

    a reasonable division, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.—
    d.
    A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge:

    erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13;

    2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

    omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258:

    continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de natura deorum,

    id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

    Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,

    doctrine, system, philosophy, id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

    Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 20:

    Cynicorum ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.:

    etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

    improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,

    Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. e3 al.—Subject., knowledge:

    si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplina profecta,

    Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—
    e.
    A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds:

    mea sic est ratio,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.:

    inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc.... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1:

    cujus ratio etsi non valuit,

    Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti).—
    f.
    In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet;

    non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158:

    ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,

    id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.:

    ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,

    id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ratio

  • 11 subeo

    sŭb-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre ( perf. subīvit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155: subivimus, Claud. ap. Tac. A. 11, 24 dub.), v. n. and a., to come or go under any thing; to come or go up to, to approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; to come or go on; to follow, succeed; to go down, sink; to come up, spring up (cf. succedo).
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.:

    subire sub falas,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 10:

    in nemoris latebras,

    Ov. M. 4, 601; cf.: in aliquem locum, to enter, Auct. B. Alex. 74, 4:

    in adversum Romani subiere,

    Liv. 1, 12, 1:

    in adversos montes,

    id. 41, 18, 11:

    testudine factā subeunt,

    advance, Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 7:

    Albani subiere ad montes,

    Liv. 1, 28, 5:

    subire ad portam castrorum,

    id. 34, 16, 2; cf.:

    ad urbem subeunt,

    id. 31, 45, 4; 39, 27, 10; 36, 19, 1; and:

    subeundum erat ad hostes,

    id. 2, 31, 4:

    ad tecta subibant,

    Verg. A. 8, 359.—With dat.:

    muro subibant,

    Verg. A. 7, 161; so,

    muro,

    id. ib. 9, 371:

    portu Chaonio (with accedere urbem),

    id. ib. 3, 292:

    luco,

    id. ib. 8, 125:

    dumis,

    Sil. 5, 283:

    ingenti feretro,

    Verg. A. 6, 222:

    age cervici inponere nostrae: Ipse subibo umeris,

    id. ib. 2, 708:

    per vices subeunt elephanti,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

    pone subit conjux,

    follows, Verg. A. 2, 725; so Val. Fl. 4, 197; cf.:

    dexterae alae sinistra subiit,

    Liv. 27, 2, 7:

    subeuntis alii aliis in custodiam,

    id. 25, 37, 6; and:

    subiit argentea proles,

    Ov. M. 1, 114:

    subit ipse meumque Explet opus,

    succeeds me, takes my place, id. ib. 3, 648:

    Volscus saxa objacentia pedibus ingerit in subeuntes,

    climbing, Liv. 2, 65, 4:

    vel eodem amne vel Euphrate subire eos posse,

    i. e. sail up stream, Curt. 9, 10, 3; cf.:

    adverso amne Babylona subituros,

    id. 10, 1, 16.—
    b.
    Of things:

    stamen a stando: subtemen, quod subit stamini,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.:

    cum luna sub orbem solis subisset,

    Liv. 37, 4, 4:

    tertio die mixtum flumini subibat mare,

    Curt. 9, 9, 7:

    venae nonnumquam incipiente febre subeunt,

    the pulse sinks, Cels. 3, 6 med.:

    subeunt herbae,

    come up, spring up, Verg. G. 1, 180; so,

    barba,

    i. e. sprouts, grows, Mart. 7, 83, 2:

    subisse aquam in caelum,

    Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 32.—
    2.
    In partic., to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into ( poet.), Prop. 1, 9, 26; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 1, 742.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen., to come in, succeed, take place; to enter stealthily, come secretly or by degrees: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae impietas, perfidia, impudentia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 27:

    fugere pudor verumque fidesque: In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique,

    Ov. M. 1, 130:

    pulchra subit facies,

    id. ib. 14, 827:

    subit ecce priori Causa recens,

    id. ib. 3, 259:

    an subit (amor) et tacitā callidus arte nocet?

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6: subeunt morbi [p. 1775] tristisque senectus, Verg. G. 3, 67:

    namque graves morbi subeunt segnisque senectus,

    Nemes. Cyn. 117; cf.:

    duo pariter subierunt incommoda,

    arise, come up, Quint. 5, 10, 100:

    ne subeant animo taedia justa tuo,

    Ov. P. 4, 15, 30:

    regio, quā vero ipsa subit ad Medos,

    approaches, Plin. 6, 26, 29, § 115. —
    2.
    In partic., to come into the mind, to occur, suggest itself:

    omnes sententiae verbaque omnia sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 151:

    cum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, quae in his fecerimus, reminiscimur personaeque subeunt,

    Quint. 11, 2, 17:

    cum subeant audita aut cognita nobis,

    Ov. M. 15, 307:

    subit umbra,

    id. ib. 12, 591:

    subeunt illi fratresque parensque,

    id. ib. 11. 542:

    subiit cari genitoris imago... subiit deserta Creusa Et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli,

    Verg. A. 2, 560 sq.; Tac. A. 1, 13:

    subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo,

    Ov. H. 18, 62:

    ne subeant animo taedia,

    id. P. 4, 15, 30:

    quantum subire animo sustinueris, tantum tecum auferas,

    to grasp with the mind, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 7.—
    (β).
    Subit, with subj. - or rel.-clause ( poet. and in postAug. prose), Ov. M. 2, 755:

    quo magis ac magis admirari subit,

    Plin. 12, prooem. § 2;

    35, 7, 31, § 49: misereri sortis humanae subit,

    id. 25, 3, 7, § 23:

    quid sim, quid fuerimque subit,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 38.
    II.
    Act.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., to come or go under, to enter; to submit to; to approach, etc.:

    exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos XIV. tectum non subissent,

    had not come under a roof, Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

    tecta,

    Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 6, 669:

    jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta,

    Verg. A. 6, 13:

    limina victor Alcides subiit,

    id. ib. 8, 363:

    domos,

    Ov. M. 1, 121:

    penates,

    id. ib. 5, 650:

    macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33:

    cum novies subiere paludem,

    had plunged under, Ov. M. 15, 358; id. F. 1, 314:

    et juncti currum dominae subiere leones,

    Verg. A. 3, 313:

    leones jugum subeant,

    Plin. 10, 45, 62, § 128:

    asellus gravius dorso subiit onus,

    i. e. submits to, receives, Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

    subire iniquissimum locum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 27: iniquum locum, Auct. B. Alex. 76, 2; id. B. Hisp. 24, 3:

    collem,

    to go up, mount, climb, scale, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

    consules utrimque aciem subeuntium jam muros adgrediuntur,

    Liv. 7, 12, 3:

    muros,

    id. 27, 18:

    impositum saxis Anxur,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 25:

    si subeuntur prospera castra,

    Juv. 16, 2 et saep.:

    perfurit, Fadumque Herbesumque subit,

    comes up to, attacks, assails, Verg. A. 9, 344; cf.:

    interim fallendus est judex et variis artibus subeundus,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5:

    precibus commota Tonantem Juno subit,

    approaches, Stat. Th. 9, 510:

    subit ille minantem,

    id. ib. 8, 84:

    Aeneae mucronem,

    Verg. A. 10, 798:

    qui procul hostium conspectu subibant aquam,

    Curt. 4, 13, 10:

    Hispo subit juvenes, i. e. paedicat,

    Juv. 2, 50.—
    b.
    Of things:

    umbra subit terras,

    Ov. M. 11, 61:

    quos (lucos) aquae subeunt et aurae,

    enter, Hor. C. 3, 4, 8:

    montes Trasimenus,

    Liv. 22, 4, 2:

    litora pelagus, Mel. praef. 2: mare quod Ciliciam subit,

    Curt. 7, 3, 19:

    radices (petrae) Indus amnis subit,

    id. 8, 11, 7:

    clarus subit Alba Latinum,

    succeeds, Ov. M. 14, 612 (al. clarus subit ecce Latinum Epytus); cf. id. ib. 1, 114:

    furcas subiere columnae,

    come into the place of, succeed, id. ib. 8, 700:

    aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui,

    rises to, reaches, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57:

    lunamque deficere cum aut terram subiret aut sole premeretur,

    Curt. 4, 10, 5.—
    2.
    In partic., to approach secretly, to steal upon or into (cf. supra, I. A. 2.):

    multi Nomine divorum thalamos subiere pudicos,

    Ov. M. 3, 282:

    subit furtim lumina fessa sopor,

    id. H. 19, 56.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen. (very rare):

    sera deinde poenitentia subiit regem,

    came upon, overtook, Curt. 3, 2, 19.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To come into, enter, occur to one's mind (cf. supra, I. B. 2.):

    deinde cogitatio animum subiit, indignum esse, etc.,

    Liv. 36, 20:

    ut beneficiorum memoria subiret animos patrum,

    id. 37, 49, 3:

    spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras posse,

    id. 40, 8, 9:

    otiosum animum aliae cogitationes,

    Quint. 11, 2, 33:

    majora intellectu animos non subibunt,

    id. 1, 2, 28:

    mentem subit, quo praemia facto, etc.,

    Ov. M. 12, 472; 7, 170:

    subit ergo regem verecundia,

    Curt. 5, 2, 15:

    me recordantem miseratio,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10: feminas voluptas, id. Pan. 22, 3:

    horum cogitatio subibat exercitum,

    Curt. 7, 1, 4.—
    b.
    To follow in speech, interrupt, answer (post - class. and rare):

    dicturum plura parentem Voce subis,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 352:

    subit ille loquentem talibus,

    id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 173; id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 133.—
    c.
    (The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.) To subject one's self to, take upon one's self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer it (class.;

    a favorite expression of Cic.): omnes terrores periculaque omnia succurram atque subibo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

    omnia tela intenta in patriam subire atque excipere,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    quis est non ultro appetendus, subeundus, excipiendus dolor?

    id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    subire vim atque injuriam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

    inimicitiae sunt: subeantur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182:

    maximas rei publicae tempestates,

    id. Mur. 2, 4:

    invidiam, pericula, tempestates,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

    nefarias libidinum contumelias turpitudinesque,

    id. Pis. 35, 86:

    potentiam, victoriam,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

    contumeliarum verbera,

    id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

    majora Verbera,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 120:

    non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

    fortunam,

    id. Fam. 14, 5, 1:

    judicium multitudinis imperitae,

    id. Fl. 1, 2:

    odium eorum,

    id. Att. 11, 17, 2:

    usum omnium,

    id. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

    aliquid invidiae aut criminis,

    id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    quemque casum,

    id. Att. 8, 1, 3:

    quamvis carnificinam,

    id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

    dupli poenam,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 65:

    legis vim,

    id. Caecin. 34, 100:

    summae crudelitatis famam,

    id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

    minus sermonis,

    id. Att. 11, 6, 2:

    poenam exsilii,

    Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:

    simultates,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 5:

    offensas,

    id. ib. 13, 9, 26:

    periculum,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 7:

    jam tum peregrinos ritus novā subeunte fortunā,

    Curt. 4, 6, 29. —With inf., to attempt, try, undertake:

    adversa tela pellere,

    Stat. S. 5, 2, 105:

    clavum torquere,

    Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 46.— Hence, sŭbĭtus, a, um, P. a., that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected (freq. and class.; cf.:

    repens, improvisus): res subita,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 23:

    in rebus tam subitis,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

    maris subita tempestas,

    id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

    subita et improvisa formido,

    id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

    laetitia, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 8, 13:

    subita pugna, non praeparata,

    Quint. 7, 1, 35:

    ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

    novae rei ac subitae admiratio,

    Liv. 2, 2:

    bellum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    incursiones hostium,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 11:

    ministeria belli,

    Liv. 4, 27:

    imbres,

    Lucr. 5, 216:

    vis,

    id. 1, 286; 4, 1210:

    res,

    id. 6, 1282:

    mors,

    Quint. 7, 2, 14:

    casus,

    id. 10, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 73:

    tristia,

    Val. Max. 1, 6, 12:

    silentium,

    Quint. 12, 5, 3: miles, hastily collected (opp. vetus expertusque;

    syn. subitarius),

    Tac. H. 4, 76; cf.:

    aqua mulsa subita ac recens (opp. inveterata),

    Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 110: imagines non subitae, not newly sprung up, i. e. old, ancient, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

    homo,

    rash, Cic. Pis. Fragm. 5: clivi, sudden, i. e. steep, Stat. Th. 6, 258.—Esp., = subito (post-Aug.):

    non percussor ille subitus erumpet?

    Quint. 6, 2, 31; so,

    manūs dux Trapezuntem subitus irrupit,

    Tac. H. 3, 47:

    subitum inopinatumque venisse,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 3:

    evadere,

    Flor. 4, 2, 59.—
    2.
    As subst.: sŭbĭtum, i. n., a sudden or unexpected thing, a sudden occurrence, etc.:

    Lesbonicum foras evocate: ita subitum'st, propere eum conventum volo,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 51; cf.:

    subitum est ei remigrare,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 2:

    si tibi subiti nihil est,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 36:

    in subito,

    Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 143.—In plur.:

    ut subitis ex tempore occurrant,

    Quint. 10, 7, 30; cf.:

    etiam fortes viros subitis terreri,

    Tac. A. 15, 59:

    quamvis non deficeretur ad subita extemporali facultate,

    Suet. Aug. 84:

    si repentina ac subita dominantur,

    Sen. Ep. 16, 6: sive meditata sive subita proferret, whether he spoke after deliberation or off-hand, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—With gen.:

    ad subita rerum,

    Liv. 9, 43:

    ad subita belli,

    id. 6, 32; 25, 15, 20; Flor. 1, 1, 11.—
    b.
    Adverb., suddenly, unexpectedly:

    per subitum erumpit clamor,

    Sil. 10, 505; so,

    per subitum,

    id. 7, 594; 8, 628; 12, 654; 14, 330; 15, 145;

    15, 404: in subitum,

    id. 7, 527: ad subitum, Cassiod. Var. praef. med. —Hence, adv.: sŭbĭtō, suddenly, unexpectedly (freq. and class.; cf.: repente, extemplo, ilico): ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 4:

    nova res subito mihi haec objecta est,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 7:

    ita abripuit repente sese subito,

    id. Mil. 2, 2, 21:

    subito tanta te impendent mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2:

    cum tot bella subito atque improviso nascantur,

    Cic. Font. 19, 42:

    ex oculis subito fugit,

    Verg. G. 4, 499:

    cum subito ecce,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 30:

    ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures Venit,

    Ov. H. 12, 137; Curt. 9, 9, 19:

    subito deficere,

    Quint. 7, 2, 14:

    quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

    tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

    subito opprimi,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 17 et. saep.:

    subito dicere,

    without preparation, extempore, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    quod vox et gestus subito sumi non potest,

    id. ib. 1, 59, 252:

    neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi,

    id. Sull. 25, 69:

    aliquid subito ex tempore conjectura explicare,

    id. Div. 1, 33, 72; so,

    dicere,

    Quint. 10, 3, 30; 11, 3, 12:

    inventa (opp. domo allata),

    id. 4, 5, 4:

    cum subito evaserunt,

    Col. 9, 9, 3:

    tam subito copias contrahere non potuit,

    so quickly, Nep. Dat. 7, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > subeo

  • 12 ratiō

        ratiō ōnis, f    [RA-], a reckoning, numbering, casting up, account, calculation, computation: ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum: quibus in tabulis ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc., Cs.: auri ratio constat, the account tallies: rationem argenti ducere, reckoning: pecuniae habere rationem, to take an account: ratione initā, on casting up the account, Cs.: mihimet ineunda ratio est: (pecuniam) in rationem inducere, bring into their accounts: aeraria, the rate of exchange (the value of money of one standard in that of another): rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli, rendered accounts: rationes cum publicanis putare: rationes a colono accepit: longis rationibus assem in partīs diducere, calculations, H.— A list, manifest, protocol, report, statement: cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur.— A transaction, business, matter, affair, concern, circumstance: re ac ratione cum aliquo coniunctus: in publicis privatisque rationibus, Cs.: nummaria: popularis: comitiorum: ad omnem rationem humanitatis: meam.—Plur., with pron poss., account, interest, advantage: alquis in meis rationibus tibi adiungendus: alienum suis rationibus existimans, etc., inconsistent with his interests, S.—Fig., a reckoning, account, settlement, computation, explanation: rationem reddere earum rerum: secum has rationes putare, T.: initā subductāque ratione scelera meditantes, i. e. after full deliberation: quod posteaquam iste cognovit, hanc rationem habere coepit, reflection: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicabat, ut si, etc., upon the following calculation, Cs.: ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc., i. e. means of determining: semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur, must account to ourselves: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent, will hold you responsible, Cs.— Relation, reference, respect, connection, community: (agricolae) habent rationem cum terrā, quae, etc., have to do: cum omnibus Musis rationem habere: omnes, quibuscum ratio huic est.— A respect, regard, concern, consideration, care: utriusque (sc. naturae et fortunae) omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae: (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem: sauciorum et aegrorum habitā ratione, Cs.: propter rationem brevitatis, out of regard for: habeo rationem, quid a populo R. acceperim, consider: neque illud rationis habuisti, provinciam ad summam stultitiam venisse? did you not consider?—Course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, principle: tua ratio est, ut... mea, ut, etc.: defensionis ratio viaque: itaque in praesentiā Pompei sequendi rationem omittit, Cs.: in philosophiā disserendi: ut, quo primum curreretur, vix ratio iniri possit, Cs.: hoc aditu laudis vitae meae rationes prohibuerunt, plan of life.—Arrangement, relation, condition, kind, fashion, way, manner, style: ratio atque usus belli, the art and practice of war, Cs.: novae bellandi rationes, Cs.: quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc., Cs.: rationem pontis hanc instituit; tigna bina, etc., Cs.: iuris: haec eadem ratio est in summā totius Galliae, Cs.: eādem ratione, quā pridie, ab nostris resistitur, Cs: quid refert, quā me ratione cogatis?: nullā ratione, Cs.: tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est, principle.—The faculty of computing, judgment, understanding, reason, reasoning, reflection: Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet: homo, quod rationis est particeps, causas rerum videt: lex est ratio summa: ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret: si ratio et prudentia curas aufert, H.: mulier abundat audaciā, consilio et ratione deficitur: Arma amens capio, nec sat rationis in armis, V.: ratione fecisti, sensibly.—Ground, motive, reason: quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quam ob rem, etc.: nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos: ad eam sententiam haec ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc., Cs.: rationibus conquisitis de voluptate disputandum putant: Num parva causa aut prava ratiost? reason, excuse, T.— Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order: omnia, quae ratione docentur et viā, reasonably and regularly: ut ratione et viā procedat oratio: quae res ratione modoque Tractari non volt, H.: intervallis pro ratā parte ratione distinctis, divided proportionally by rule: vincit ipsa rerum p. natura saepe rationem, system.—A theory, doctrine, system, science: haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere: Epicuri, doctrine: Stoicorum: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis, the art of living... statesmanship.—Knowledge, science. si qua (est in me) huiusce rei ratio aliqua.— A view, opinion, conviction: Mea sic est ratio, T.: cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu loqueretur: cuius ratio etsi non valuit, N.
    * * *
    I II
    account, reckoning; plan; prudence; method; reasoning; rule; regard

    Latin-English dictionary > ratiō

  • 13 erigo

    ē-rĭgo, rexi, rectum, 3, v. a. [rego], to raise or set up, to erect (very freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    rubrum jubar,

    Lucr. 4, 404:

    caput,

    id. 5, 1208:

    ar borem (with extollere),

    Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39:

    hominem,

    to form erect, id. Leg. 1, 9, 26:

    os,

    id. ib. 3, 85;

    jacentem,

    Curt. 7, 3, 17:

    hastas,

    Liv. 1, 27, 8; 33, 10:

    digitum,

    Quint. 11, 3, 120:

    manus ad tectum,

    id. 11, 3, 118; cf.:

    scalas ad moenia,

    Liv. 32, 14:

    agmen in adversum clivum,

    to lead up, id. 9, 31 fin.: cf. id. 3, 18; 9, 43; 10, 26; Tac. Agr. 36:

    aciem in collem,

    id. H. 4, 71:

    oculos,

    i. e. to raise. Cic. Sest. 31, 68.—
    b.
    With se, [p. 656] or (more freq., esp. since the Aug. per.) mid., to set one's self up, to rise:

    connituntur (pueri), ut sese erigant,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42; so,

    sese aut sublevare (Alces),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 2:

    statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

    i. e. raise themselves on tiptoe, Quint. 2, 3, 8; cf.:

    in ungues,

    id. 11, 3, 120:

    in armos (equus),

    Stat. Th. 6, 502:

    in auras,

    Ov. M. 3, 43; 15, 512:

    sub auras,

    Verg. A. 8, 25:

    ad sidera (fumus),

    id. ib. 9, 214 et saep.— Said of rising ground, Verg. A. 8, 417; Tac. G. 46; cf. under P. a.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To build, construct, erect (rarely):

    turres,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 26, 1:

    saxeas turres,

    Flor. 3, 2 fin.:

    quis totidem erexit villas,

    Juv. 1, 94. —
    2.
    Milit. t. t., to cause to halt, stop, because of the erect posture assumed:

    Albanus erigit totam aciem,

    Liv. 1, 27, 6.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to arouse, excite:

    erigite mentes auresque vestras et me attendite,

    Cic. Sull. 11, 33; cf.

    aures (with animum attendere),

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 10:

    animos ad audiendum,

    id. Ac. 2, 4, 10:

    cum res relata exspectatione certaminis senatum erexisset,

    had aroused, excited, Liv. 37, 1; cf. under P.a. B. 2.:

    aculeos severitatis in rem, etc.,

    Cic. Cael. 12, 29:

    libertas malis oppressa civilibus extollere jam caput et aliquando se erigere debebat,

    id. Planc. 13 fin.:

    paululum se erexit et addidit historiae majorem sonum vocis,

    id. de Or. 2, 12 fin. —
    B.
    In partic., to raise up, cheer up, encourage:

    erigebat animum jam demissum et oppressum Oppianicus,

    Cic. Clu. 21, 58; cf. id. ib. 70, 200; id. Att. 1, 16, 9:

    spem,

    Tac. H. 4, 71:

    illam tu provinciam afflictam et perditam erexisti atque recreasti,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 91; cf.: rempublicam, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C fin.:

    rempublicam ex tam gravi casu,

    Liv. 6, 2, 1:

    multos populos ad cupidinem novae fortunae,

    id. 21, 19:

    Germanos ad spem belli, Caesarem ad coercendum,

    Tac. A. 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 2, 71; Flor. 3, 18, 3:

    Lusitanos,

    id. 2, 17, 15:

    fiduciam Pori,

    Curt. 8, 13, 16:

    animos ad spem,

    id. 4, 7, 1 et saep.:

    non dubito quin tuis litteris se magis etiam erexerit ab omnique sollicitudine abstraxerit,

    Cic. Deiot. 14; so,

    se,

    id. Brut. 3, 12; id. Agr. 2, 32, 87; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1; 1, 3, 5; cf.:

    se in spem,

    Liv. 3, 1, 2:

    se ad spem libertatis,

    Just. 11, 1, 2:

    se ad imitationem,

    Quint. 2, 3, 10.—Mid., Just. 6, 4, 4; 23, 1, 14; Tac. H. 2, 74 fin.; id. A. 2, 71.—Hence, ērectus, a, um, P. a., set up; upright; elevated, lofty.
    A.
    Prop.:

    primum eos (homines) humo excitatos celsos et erectos constituit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 56; cf.:

    erectus et celsus status,

    ib. Or. 18, 59:

    incessus,

    Tac. H. 1, 53:

    vultus,

    Ov. M. 1, 86; and in the comp.:

    coxae,

    Cels. 7, 16:

    viriditas culmo geniculato,

    Cic. de Sen. 15:

    prorae,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

    petra in metae modum,

    Curt. 8, 11; and in the comp., Claud. Idyll. 6, 11.— Sup., Jul. Valer. Res Gest. Alex. M. 1, 31.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Elevated, lofty, noble:

    celsus et erectus et ea quae homini accidere possunt omnia parva ducens,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 42; cf.

    animus (with magnus),

    id. Deiot. 13, 36; in the comp.:

    erectior homo,

    id. Off. 1, 30:

    habet mens nostra natura sublime quiddam et erectum et impatiens superioris,

    Quint. 11, 1, 16; cf. Tac. Agr. 4.—
    b.
    In a bad sense, haughty, lofty, Cic. de Or. 1, 40 fin.; cf. id. Font. 11.—
    2.
    Intent, attentive, on the stretch:

    judices,

    Cic. Brut. 54, 200; cf.:

    suspensique (Horatii),

    Liv. 1, 25:

    plebs, civitas exspectatione,

    id. 2, 54; 3, 47:

    vos ad libertatem recuperandam (with ardentes),

    Cic. Phil. 4, 5:

    mens circa studia,

    Quint. 1, 3, 10:

    studium in legendo,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

    multitudo,

    Tac. H. 4, 81; cf.:

    erecta in Othonem studia,

    lively sympathies, id. ib. 2, 11.— Comp.:

    ad agendum erectiores,

    Quint. 9, 4, 12.—
    3.
    Animated, encouraged, resolute:

    legiones nostrae in eum saepe locum profectae alacri animo et erecto, unde, etc.,

    Cic. de Sen. 20, 75:

    nunc vero multo sum erectior,

    id. Phil. 4, 1, 2:

    erectis animis,

    Tac. A. 3, 7.— Adv.: ērectē (acc. to B. 3.), boldly, courageously (late Lat.); in the comp.:

    judicare,

    Gell. 7, 3 fin.:

    loqui,

    Amm. 15, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > erigo

  • 14 argumentum

    argūmentum, i, n. [arguo].
    I.
    A.. The means by which an assertion or assumption may be made clear, proved, an argument, evidence, proof (and in particular, that which rests upon facts, while ratio is that which depends upon reasoning):

    argumentum est ratio, quae rei dubiae facit fidem,

    Cic. Top. 2, 7: quid est argumentum? Probabile inventum ad faciendam fidem, id. Part. Or. 2:

    argumentum est ratio probationem praestans, quā colligitur aliquid per aliud, et quae, quod est dubium, per id quod dubium non est, confirmat,

    Quint. 5, 10, 11:

    de eā re signa atque argumenta paucis verbis eloquar,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 35; 1, 1, 267; id. Rud. 4, 3, 84; id. Truc. 2, 6, 26 al.:

    commemorando Argumenta fidem dictis conradere,

    Lucr. 1, 401; so id. 1, 417:

    argumenta multa et firma ad probandum,

    Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

    aliquid exemplis magis quam argumentis refellere,

    id. de Or. 1, 19, 88:

    argumento esse,

    Liv. 5, 44; 39, 51:

    litterae ad senatum missae argumentum fuere, etc.,

    id. 8, 30:

    In argumentum fidei retentum pallium ostendit marito,

    Vulg. Gen. 39, 16; ib. Act. 1, 3:

    inopia fecerat eam (rem parvam) argumentum ingens caritatis,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    libertatis argumentum,

    Tac. G. 25:

    Est fides argumentum non apparentium,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 22:

    addit pro argumento,

    Suet. Calig. 8:

    velut argumentum rursus conditae urbis,

    id. ib. 16:

    levibus utrimque argumentis,

    id. Galb. 7 et saep.—
    B.
    A sign by which any thing is known, a mark, token, evidence:

    animi laeti Argumenta,

    signs, indications, Ov. M. 4, 762:

    voti potentis,

    id. ib. 8, 745: unguentarii myrrham digerunt haud difficulter odoris atque pinguetudinis argumentis, according to the indications of smell, etc., Plin. 12, 15, 35, § 68:

    caelum quidem haud dubie caelati argumenti dicimus,

    id. 2, 4, 3, § 8:

    amoris hoc est argumentum, non malignitatis,

    Petr. 137, 8:

    argumenta viri, i. e. indicia,

    Juv. 9, 85 al. —
    II.
    The matter which lies at the basis of any written or artistic representation, contents, subject, theme, argument, hupothesis:

    Argumentum plura significat. Nam et fabulae ad actum scaenicarum compositae argumenta dicuntur: et orationum Ciceronis velut thema ipse exponens Pedianus, argumentum, inquit, tale est: quo apparet omnem ad scribendum destinatam materiam ita appellari,

    Quint. 5, 10, 9 and 10.
    A.
    Of every kind of representation in writing.
    1.
    Lit.:

    argumentum est ficta res, quae tamen fieri potuit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 19; id. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    tabulae novae, quid habent argumenti, nisi ut, etc.,

    what is their drift? what do they mean? id. Off. 2, 23, 84:

    epistulae,

    id. Att. 10, 13; 9, 10; 1, 19.
    a.
    But esp. freq., the subject-matter of a poem or fictitious writing, the subject, contents:

    post argumentum hujus eloquar tragoediae,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 51; cf. id. ib. 96; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    argumentum narrare,

    Ter. And. prol. 6:

    fabulae,

    id. Ad. prol. 22:

    Livius Andronicus ab saturis ausus est primus argumento fabulam serere,

    i. e. a scenic representation of a subject in its connection, Liv. 7, 2:

    spectaculum, quo argumenta inferorum explicarentur,

    Suet. Calig. 57.—Hence,
    b.
    Meton. ( part for the whole), a poem in gen.:

    explicare argumenti exitum,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:

    hoc argumento se describi sentiat,

    Phaedr. 4, 8; so id. 4, 16; 5, 3; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin.:

    sumque argumenti conditor ipse mei,

    I am myself the subject of my poem, Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 10.—
    2.
    Trop., intrinsic worth, reality, truth:

    haec tota fabella... quam est sine argumento,

    without value, reality, Cic. Cael. 27:

    non sine argumento maledicere,

    not without some reason, id. ib. 3 fin. —
    B.
    The subject of artistic representations ( sculpture, painting, embroidery. etc.):

    ex ebore diligentissime perfecta argumenta erant in valvis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56:

    (cratera) fabricaverat Alcon Hyleus, et longo caelaverat argumento,

    Ov. M. 13, 684; cf. id. ib. 2, 5 sq.:

    vetus in telā deducitur argumentum,

    id. ib. 6, 69; Verg. A. 7, 791:

    Parrhasii tabulae,

    Suet. Tib. 44.— In philos. lang., a conclusion, a syllogism:

    Nam concludi non potest nisi iis, quae ad concludendum sumpta erunt, ita probatis ut falsa ejusdem modi nulla possint esse,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > argumentum

  • 15 Cupido

    cŭpīdo ( cūpēdo or cuppēdo, Lucr. 1, 1082; 4, 1090; 5, 45), ĭnis, f. (m., Plant. Am. 2, 2, 210; Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; 3, 16, 39; 3, 24, 51; id. S. 1, 1, 61; id. Ep. 1, 1, 33; Ov. M. 8, 74; 9, 734; Sil. 4, 99; and personified in all authors; v. the foll.) [cupidus], access. form of cupiditas, desire, wish, longing, eagerness, in a good and (more usu.) in a bad sense (very freq. in the poets and histt., esp. in Sall.; twice in Quint., but in Cic. only as personified).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    In a good sense: cupido cepit miseram nunc me proloqui, etc. (transl. from Eurip. Med. 57: himeros m hupêlthe, etc.), Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.); cf.:

    Romulum cupido cepit urbis condendae,

    Liv. 1, 6, 3:

    cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,

    id. 40, 21, 2; and with inf.:

    cupido incessit Aethiopiam invisere,

    Curt. 4, 8, 3:

    aquae,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 50; cf.:

    laticum frugumque,

    Lucr. 4, 1093:

    gloriae,

    Sall. C. 7, 3:

    aeternitatis perpetuaeque famae,

    Suet. Ner. 55:

    lucis,

    Quint. 6, prooem. §

    13: placendi,

    id. 10, 7, 17 al. —
    2.
    Trop., of things:

    res medii cuppedine victae,

    overcome by their tendency to a centre, Lucr. 1, 1082.—
    B.
    In a bad sense, desire, passion, lust, greed.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    honorum caeca (with avarities),

    Lucr. 3, 59; cf.

    honoris,

    Sall. C. 3, 5:

    mala vitaï,

    Lucr. 3, 1077:

    immitis uvae (i. e. virginis immaturae),

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 9:

    praedae caeca,

    Ov. M. 3, 620:

    intempestiva concubitūs,

    id. ib. 10, 689; cf.

    Veneris,

    id. ib. 14, 634 et saep.:

    difficilia faciundi,

    Sall. J. 93, 3:

    ejus (oppidi) potiundi,

    id. ib. 89, 6:

    quarum (rerum) inmodica cupido inter mortales est,

    Liv. 6, 35, 6:

    populos ad cupidinem novae fortunae erigere,

    id. 21, 19, 7.—In plur.:

    malae dominationis cupidinibus flagrans,

    Tac. A. 13, 2.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    homines cupidine caeci,

    Lucr. 4, 1153; so id. 4, 1090:

    cuppedinis acres curae,

    id. 5, 45; Hor. C. 2, 16, 15 et saep.:

    femineus,

    Ov. M. 9, 734; cf.

    muliebris,

    Tac. A. 4, 39.—In plur., Hor. S. 1, 2, 111; 2, 7, 85; Tac. A. 3, 52:

    eo provectas Romanorum cupidines, ut non corpora, ne senectam quidam aut virginitatem inpollutam relinquant,

    id. ib. 14, 35.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    The desire that springs from love, desire, love:

    differor Cupidine ejus,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 29; cf.:

    visae virginis,

    Ov. M. 13, 906; Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 210; cf. id. Poen. 1, 1, 68. —In plur.:

    me, Contactum nullis ante cupidinibus,

    Prop. 1, 1, 2.—Hence,
    2.
    Personified: Cŭpīdo, ĭnis, m., the god of love, Cupid, son of Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58 sq.; Prop. 2, 14, 5 (3, 18, 21); Ov. M. 1, 453; 5, 366 et saep.; Hor. C. 1, 2, 34; 2, 8, 14 al.;

    in the form CVPEDO,

    Inscr. Orell. 1367.—In plur.:

    mater saeva Cupidinum,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 1 Orell. ad loc.; 4, 1, 5 al.; cf.

    of sculptured figures: exstant caelati scyphi... Myos in eādem aede Silenos et Cupidines,

    Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 155; 36, 5, 4, § 41. —Hence,
    (β).
    Cŭpīdĭnĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Cupid ( poet.):

    tela,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 65:

    sagittae,

    id. R. Am. 157.— Transf., lovely, charming ( = formosus), Mart. 7, 87, 9.—
    B.
    In animals, the sexual impulse:

    equina,

    Col. 6, 27, 3:

    equi cupidine sollicitati,

    id. 6, 27, 8.—
    C.
    (Cf. cupidus, II. A. 2., and cupiditas, II. B. 1.) Avarice, covetousness:

    Narcissum incusat cupidinis ac praedarum,

    Tac. A. 12, 57; in plur., id. H. 1, 66.—
    * 2.
    Personified:

    Cupido sordidus,

    sordid Avarice, Hor. C. 2, 16, 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cupido

  • 16 cupido

    cŭpīdo ( cūpēdo or cuppēdo, Lucr. 1, 1082; 4, 1090; 5, 45), ĭnis, f. (m., Plant. Am. 2, 2, 210; Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; 3, 16, 39; 3, 24, 51; id. S. 1, 1, 61; id. Ep. 1, 1, 33; Ov. M. 8, 74; 9, 734; Sil. 4, 99; and personified in all authors; v. the foll.) [cupidus], access. form of cupiditas, desire, wish, longing, eagerness, in a good and (more usu.) in a bad sense (very freq. in the poets and histt., esp. in Sall.; twice in Quint., but in Cic. only as personified).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    In a good sense: cupido cepit miseram nunc me proloqui, etc. (transl. from Eurip. Med. 57: himeros m hupêlthe, etc.), Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.); cf.:

    Romulum cupido cepit urbis condendae,

    Liv. 1, 6, 3:

    cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,

    id. 40, 21, 2; and with inf.:

    cupido incessit Aethiopiam invisere,

    Curt. 4, 8, 3:

    aquae,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 50; cf.:

    laticum frugumque,

    Lucr. 4, 1093:

    gloriae,

    Sall. C. 7, 3:

    aeternitatis perpetuaeque famae,

    Suet. Ner. 55:

    lucis,

    Quint. 6, prooem. §

    13: placendi,

    id. 10, 7, 17 al. —
    2.
    Trop., of things:

    res medii cuppedine victae,

    overcome by their tendency to a centre, Lucr. 1, 1082.—
    B.
    In a bad sense, desire, passion, lust, greed.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    honorum caeca (with avarities),

    Lucr. 3, 59; cf.

    honoris,

    Sall. C. 3, 5:

    mala vitaï,

    Lucr. 3, 1077:

    immitis uvae (i. e. virginis immaturae),

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 9:

    praedae caeca,

    Ov. M. 3, 620:

    intempestiva concubitūs,

    id. ib. 10, 689; cf.

    Veneris,

    id. ib. 14, 634 et saep.:

    difficilia faciundi,

    Sall. J. 93, 3:

    ejus (oppidi) potiundi,

    id. ib. 89, 6:

    quarum (rerum) inmodica cupido inter mortales est,

    Liv. 6, 35, 6:

    populos ad cupidinem novae fortunae erigere,

    id. 21, 19, 7.—In plur.:

    malae dominationis cupidinibus flagrans,

    Tac. A. 13, 2.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    homines cupidine caeci,

    Lucr. 4, 1153; so id. 4, 1090:

    cuppedinis acres curae,

    id. 5, 45; Hor. C. 2, 16, 15 et saep.:

    femineus,

    Ov. M. 9, 734; cf.

    muliebris,

    Tac. A. 4, 39.—In plur., Hor. S. 1, 2, 111; 2, 7, 85; Tac. A. 3, 52:

    eo provectas Romanorum cupidines, ut non corpora, ne senectam quidam aut virginitatem inpollutam relinquant,

    id. ib. 14, 35.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    The desire that springs from love, desire, love:

    differor Cupidine ejus,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 29; cf.:

    visae virginis,

    Ov. M. 13, 906; Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 210; cf. id. Poen. 1, 1, 68. —In plur.:

    me, Contactum nullis ante cupidinibus,

    Prop. 1, 1, 2.—Hence,
    2.
    Personified: Cŭpīdo, ĭnis, m., the god of love, Cupid, son of Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58 sq.; Prop. 2, 14, 5 (3, 18, 21); Ov. M. 1, 453; 5, 366 et saep.; Hor. C. 1, 2, 34; 2, 8, 14 al.;

    in the form CVPEDO,

    Inscr. Orell. 1367.—In plur.:

    mater saeva Cupidinum,

    Hor. C. 1, 19, 1 Orell. ad loc.; 4, 1, 5 al.; cf.

    of sculptured figures: exstant caelati scyphi... Myos in eādem aede Silenos et Cupidines,

    Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 155; 36, 5, 4, § 41. —Hence,
    (β).
    Cŭpīdĭnĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Cupid ( poet.):

    tela,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 65:

    sagittae,

    id. R. Am. 157.— Transf., lovely, charming ( = formosus), Mart. 7, 87, 9.—
    B.
    In animals, the sexual impulse:

    equina,

    Col. 6, 27, 3:

    equi cupidine sollicitati,

    id. 6, 27, 8.—
    C.
    (Cf. cupidus, II. A. 2., and cupiditas, II. B. 1.) Avarice, covetousness:

    Narcissum incusat cupidinis ac praedarum,

    Tac. A. 12, 57; in plur., id. H. 1, 66.—
    * 2.
    Personified:

    Cupido sordidus,

    sordid Avarice, Hor. C. 2, 16, 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cupido

  • 17 curia

    cūrĭa, ae, f. [kindr. with Quiris, Quirites; cf. the letter C], a curia or court, one of the thirty parts into which Romulus divided the Roman people, ten for each of the three tribes; each curia contained ten gentes, Varr. ap. Dion. Hal. 2, 83; Liv. 1, 13, 6; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 2, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 49, 1 Müll.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    A structure built for the religious services of a curia (sometimes also serving for other purposes), Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 Müll.; Fest. p. 174, 6 ib.: veteres, on the east side of the Palatine Hill, Varr. l. l. ib.; Tac. A. 12, 24;

    called curia prisca,

    Ov. F. 3, 140; Fest. l. l.: Novae, id. l. l.—
    2.
    Hence, dies curiae, a festival day, Cic. de Or. 1, 7. 27.—Hence,
    B. 1.
    Commonly kat exochên, the Curia Hostilia built by Tullus Hostilius (in reference to the later Curia Julia and Pompeiana, v. infra), the Curia, Senate-house, Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 Müll.; Liv. 1, 30, 2; Plin. 35, 4, 7, § 22; Varr. L. L. 6, § 46; id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 57, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31; id. Cat. 4, 1, 2; id. Fl. 24, 57; id. Mil. 33, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 47; Ov. M. 15, 802. —
    2.
    Curia Julia, the Senate-house begun by Julius Cæsar, finished by the triumvirs, and used by the Senate after the burning of the Curia Hostilia, Suet. Calig. 60.—
    3.
    Curia Pompeji or Pompeja, the Senate-house built by Pompey, finally closed after the assassination of Julius Cæsar in it, Cic. Div. 2, 9, 23; Suet. Caes. 80 sq. et saep.—Hence, trop., as emblem of law:

    stante urbe et curiā,

    Cic. Planc. 29, 71:

    pro curia inversique mores,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 7;

    of the senatorial rank: curia pauperibus clausa est,

    Ov. Am. 3, 8, 55.—
    C.
    Of the places of assembly of high councils out of Rome, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6; id. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 50; Liv. 24, 24, 4; Ov. M. 13, 197; Juv. 9, 101.—
    D.
    The assembly of the Senate, the Senate (cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167):

    a curiā nulla me res divellet,

    Cic. Att. 1, 20, 3:

    aliquem in curiam introducere,

    Liv. 22, 1, 14; 2, 23, 11 sq.; 2, 24, 3; Suet. Caes. 22; id. Aug. 38; Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.—
    E.
    Curia Calabra, so called from the proclamation of the dates which was there made; v. Calabra.—
    F.
    Curia Saliorum, the official building of the Salii on the Palatine Hill, consecrated to Mars, in which the sacred lituus was kept, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > curia

  • 18 luceo

    lūcĕo, xi, 2, v. n. [Sanscr. ruk, to be bright; Gr. luchnos, leukos, amphilukê; Lat. lux, lumen, lucidus, luna; O. H.-Germ. liŏht; Germ. Licht; cf. also illustris], to be light or clear, to shine, beam, glitter (syn.: splendeo, fulgeo).
    I.
    Lit.: (lumen) Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. v. 389 Vahl.): tum candida lumina lucent, id. ap. Fest. p. 228 and 229 Müll. (Ann. v. 157 Vahl.):

    (stella) luce lucebat aliena,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 16, 16:

    dum meus assiduo luceat igne focus,

    Tib. 1, 1, 6:

    lucet igne rogus,

    Ov. H. 11, 104:

    rara per occultos lucebat semita calles,

    Verg. A. 9, 383:

    lucet via longo Ordine flammarum,

    id. ib. 11, 143; cf. Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 17:

    interior caeli qua semita lucet,

    Stat. Th. 9, 641:

    (luminaria) lucent in firmamento caeli,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 15:

    niveo lucet in ore rubor,

    Ov. Am. 3, 3, 6:

    lucent oculi,

    id. M. 1, 239; Val. Fl. 6, 492:

    cinis in multam noctem pertinaciter luxit,

    Suet. Tib. 74:

    virgatis lucent sagulis (sc. Galli),

    glitter, Verg. A. 8, 660:

    taedā lucebis in illa,

    i. e. shall burn, Juv. 1, 155:

    non amplius erit sol ad lucendum,

    Vulg. Isa. 60, 19.—In the part. pres.:

    e rosea sol alte lampade lucens,

    Lucr. 5, 610; so,

    globus lunae,

    Verg. A. 6, 725:

    faces,

    Ov. F. 3, 270:

    sedebat In solio Phoebus claris lucente smaragdis,

    id. M. 2, 24:

    lucerna lucens in caliginoso loco,

    Vulg. 2 Pet. 1, 19.— Poet., with acc.:

    huic lucebis novae nuptae facem,

    will light her home with a torch, Plaut. Cas. 1, 30: tute tibi puer es;

    lautus luces cereum,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Of the day, daylight, etc., to appear, dawn, become light:

    an umquam lucebit in orbe ille dies,

    Sil. 16, 91:

    lucente jam die,

    Amm. 21, 15, 2.—
    (β).
    Esp., impers.: lucet, lucebat, etc., it is (was) light, it is (was) day, it is dawning:

    priusquam lucet, adsunt,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 115:

    si lucet lucet: lucet autem, lucet igitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

    si judicatum erit meridie non lucere,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

    nondum lucebat,

    id. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

    nec satis lucebat: cum autem luceret, etc.,

    id. Att. 16, 13, a, 1:

    ubi lucere coepisset,

    id. Div. 1, 23, 47: expergiscere: lucet hoc, it is light, it is day there (in the sky), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63:

    hoc... luce lucebit,

    id. Curc. 1, 3, 26. —
    B.
    Transf., to shine or show through, to be discernible, visible ( poet.):

    si qua Arabio lucet bombyce puella,

    Prop. 2, 2, 25 (2, 3, 15):

    femineum lucet sic per bombycina corpus,

    Mart. 8, 68, 7:

    vitalia lucent,

    are uncovered, Stat. Th. 8, 525.—
    II.
    Trop., to shine forth, to be conspicuous, apparent, clear, evident:

    nunc imperii nostri splendor illis gentibus lucet,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

    mea officia et studia, quae parum antea luxerunt,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    cum res ipsa tot, tam claris argumentis luceat,

    id. Mil. 23, 61:

    virtus lucet in tenebris,

    id. Sest. 28, 60:

    tota oratio lucet,

    Quint. 8, 5, 29; 9, 1, 19.—Hence, lūcens, entis, P. a., shining, bright, conspicuous: lucentior usus, Mall. Theod. de Metr. 9, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > luceo

  • 19 rescindo

    rē-scindo, scĭdi, scissum, 3, v. a., to cut off, cut loose, cut or break down; to cut or tear open (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    pontem,

    i. e. to break down, Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 4, 19 fin.; 6, 29; 7, 35; 7, 58 fin.; Nep. Milt. 3, 4; Liv. 2, 10; Flor. 3, 10, 3:

    vallum ac loricam falcibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 86 fin.: pluteos, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 95, 22:

    cameras tectorum,

    Front. Strat. 3, 4, 6:

    tecta domusque in usum novae classis,

    Flor. 2, 15, 10:

    caelum,

    Verg. G. 1, 280; id. A. 6, 583:

    tenuem vestem e membris,

    Tib. 1, 10, 61:

    vestes,

    Claud. B. Gild. 136:

    decreta,

    Suet. Calig. 3:

    ense teli latebram penitus,

    to cut open, Verg. A. 12, 390:

    vulnera,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 63; Flor. 3, 23, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 9:

    pectora ferro,

    Stat. Th. 11, 507:

    rescisso palato,

    Luc. 4, 328:

    plagam,

    Flor. 4, 2, 72:

    venam,

    to open, Col. 6, 30, 5; 7, 10, 2; and poet.:

    obductos annis luctus,

    Ov. M. 12, 543:

    an male sarta Gratia nequidquam coit et rescinditur?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 32;

    imitated by Petronius: ne inter initia coëuntis gratiae recentem cicatricem rescinderet,

    Petr. 113, 8.—
    B.
    Meton., to open:

    vias,

    Lucr. 2,406:

    locum praesidiis firmatum atque omni ratione obvallatum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 3:

    ferro summum Ulceris os,

    Verg. G. 3, 453; Col. 7, 5, 10; cf.:

    latentia vitia (corresp. to aperire),

    Quint. 9, 2, 93.—
    II.
    Trop., to annul, abolish, abrogate, repeal, rescind a law, decree, agreement, etc.:

    mihi non videtur, quod sit factum legibus, Rescindi posse,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16:

    acta M. Antonii rescidistis, leges refixistis,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 5; so,

    acta,

    id. ib. 2, 42, 109; 13, 3, 5; Liv. 26, 31; Suet. Caes. 82; id. Claud. 11; Flor. 3, 23, 2:

    acta deūm,

    Ov. M. 14, 784:

    jussa Jovis,

    id. ib. 2, 678:

    constitutiones senatūs,

    Suet. Tib. 33:

    concilia habita,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31:

    totam triennii praeturam,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 57, § 140:

    rescindere et irritas facere omnes istius injurias,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 26, §

    63: res judicatas,

    id. Sull. 22, 63; cf.

    judicium,

    id. Planc. 4, 10:

    judicia,

    Suet. Claud. 29:

    ambitiosas Centumvir. sententias,

    id. Dom. 8:

    pactiones,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10:

    testamenta mortuorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111; Quint. 5, 2, 1; Suet. Calig. 38:

    foedus turpe,

    Vell. 2, 90, 3.— Poet.:

    aevi leges validas,

    Lucr. 5, 58:

    beneficium suum insequenti injuriā,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 13:

    verbum Dei,

    Vulg. Marc. 7, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rescindo

См. также в других словарях:

  • Doctrine sociale de l'Église — La doctrine sociale de l Église (DSE) est, selon l Église catholique, une « doctrine destinée à guider la conduite de la personne. » Si son avènement est en général associé à la parution de l encyclique Rerum Novarum de Léon XIII, en… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Les personnages secondaires de Xenosaga — Liste des personnages secondaires de Xenosaga Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ce qui suit dévoile des moments clés de l’intrigue. 0 9 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Liste Des Personnages Secondaires De Xenosaga — Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ce qui suit dévoile des moments clés de l’intrigue. 0 9 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Liste des personnages secondaire de Xenosaga — Liste des personnages secondaires de Xenosaga Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ce qui suit dévoile des moments clés de l’intrigue. 0 9 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Liste des personnages secondairesXenosaga — Liste des personnages secondaires de Xenosaga Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ce qui suit dévoile des moments clés de l’intrigue. 0 9 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Liste des personnages secondaires de Xenosaga — Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 9 100 series Observational Realian (R …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Liste des personnages secondaires de xenosaga — Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ce qui suit dévoile des moments clés de l’intrigue. 0 9 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Xenosaga : les personnages secondaires — Liste des personnages secondaires de Xenosaga Sommaire : Haut A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ce qui suit dévoile des moments clés de l’intrigue. 0 9 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Gaignun Kukai, Jr. — Gaignun Kukai, Jr. (usually just Jr. and often called Little Master by those under his command) is a fictional character from the Xenosaga series. He is the director of the Kukai Foundation, an organization based on Second Miltia. He looks like a …   Wikipedia

  • List of antagonists in Xenosaga — The following is a list of major villains/antagonists in the Xenosaga series. Contents 1 Dimitri Yuriev 2 Albedo 3 Wilhelm 4 Heinlein …   Wikipedia

  • Desiderio Vaquerizo Gil — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Desiderio Vaquerizo Gil nació en Herrera del Duque (Badajoz) en 1959, y reside en Córdoba. Arqueólogo, profesor universitario y novelista. Doctor en Filosofía y Letras (Sección de Geografía e Historia) por la… …   Wikipedia Español

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»