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primary+result

  • 1 primary result

    мат. основной результат

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > primary result

  • 2 primary result

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > primary result

  • 3 primary result

    мат.

    English-Russian scientific dictionary > primary result

  • 4 primary result

    Англо-русский словарь по исследованиям и ноу-хау > primary result

  • 5 result

    1) результат; итог || получаться в результате
    2) вывод; следствие; исход
    4) происходить; проистекать
    •

    to be the result of — являться результатом, происходить в результате

    to result from — происходить в результате, быть следствием

    to result in — иметь результатом; приводить к; давать в результате

    to set out results — мат. представлять результаты

    English-Russian scientific dictionary > result

  • 6 основной результат

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > основной результат

  • 7 основной результат

    мат. basic result, fundamental result, main result, primary result

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > основной результат

  • 8 основной результат

    basic result мат., fundamental result, main result, primary result

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > основной результат

  • 9 resultar

    v.
    1 to (turn out to) be.
    ¿cómo resultó? how did it turn out?
    resultó un éxito it was a success
    resultar herido/muerto to be injured/killed
    resultó ileso he was uninjured
    nuestro equipo resultó vencedor our team came out on top
    2 to be.
    resulta sorprendente it's surprising
    resultar útil to be useful
    me resultó imposible terminar antes I was unable to finish earlier
    me resulta muy simpática I find her very nice
    este tema me está resultando ya aburrido this topic is beginning to bore me
    resultó ser mentira it turned out to be a lie
    3 to work out, to come about, to come true, to turn out.
    El plan resultó The plan worked out.
    4 to turn out to be, to go off.
    Me resultó buena la computadora My computer turned out to be good.
    5 to prove to be, to prove.
    La obra resultó mala The play proved to be bad.
    6 to get.
    Ella resulta lastimada She gets injured.
    7 to happen to, to prove to, to come out to, to come to.
    Resultó ser un carro muy bueno It turned out to be a very good car.
    8 to give results, to work out well, to result, to work out fine.
    9 to work out for, to come out for, to come out to be for.
    Me resultó muy bien esta computadora This computer worked out well for me.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to result, be the result of
    2 (ser) to be
    3 (acabar siendo) to turn out to be
    4 (salir) to come out, turn out, work out
    5 (ocurrir) to turn out
    6 (ser conveniente) to be advisable
    7 (tener éxito) to be a success, come off
    8 (combinarse) to go ( con, with), match ( con, -)
    9 (costar) to cost ( por, -), come ( por, to)
    \
    resulta que it turns out that
    viene a resultar lo mismo it amounts to the same thing
    * * *
    verb
    3) work
    * * *
    VI
    1) (=tener como resultado)
    a) + adj, sustantivo to be

    la operación resultó un fracaso — the operation was a failure, the operation resulted in failure frm

    b) + infin

    resultó no saber nada de aquel asunto — he turned out to know nothing about that matter, it turned out that he knew nothing about that matter

    si resulta ser verdadero — if it proves (to be) true, if it turns out to be true

    c)

    ahora resulta que no vamos — now it turns out o now it seems (that) we're not going after all

    dijeron que lo había hecho él solo, cuando resulta que tenía varios cómplices — he was said to have done it on his own, when it turns out that he had several accomplices

    al final resultó que era inocente — he proved o he turned out to be innocent in the end, in the end it turned out that he was innocent

    me gustaría ir, pero resulta que no tengo dinero — I'd like to go, but the thing is o the fact is that I haven't got any money

    2) (=salir) to turn out, work out
    3) frm (=ser) + adj
    a) [uso impersonal]

    resulta difícil decidir si... — it is hard to decide whether...

    su versión resulta difícil de creer — his story is hard to believe, it's hard to believe his story

    b) [con complemento de persona]
    4) frm

    resultar de — to be the result of, result from

    ¿quién sabe lo que resultará de todo esto? — who knows what will come of all this?, who knows what the outcome of all this will be?

    5) frm

    resultar en — to result in, lead to

    6) Esp
    * (=agradar)

    tu prima no es una belleza, pero resulta — your cousin is no beauty, but she's got something (about her)

    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( dar resultado) to work

    su idea no resultó — his idea didn't work (out); (+ me/te/le etc)

    2) (+ compl)
    a)

    resultar + ADJ: resulta más barato así it works out cheaper this way; resultó más cara it proved o turned out to be more expensive; resultaron muertas dos personas (period) two people were killed; resultó tal como lo planeamos it turned out o worked out just as we planned; (+ me/te/le etc) me resulta simpático I think he's very nice; la película me resultó aburrida — I found the movie boring

    b)

    resultar + inf — to turn out + inf

    resultó ser un malentendido — it turned out to be o proved to be a misunderstanding

    3) (en 3a pers)
    4) ( derivar)

    resultar EN algo — to result in something, lead to something

    ¿qué va a resultar de todo esto? — what will come of all this?

    * * *
    = ensue, transpire, come off as, turn out.
    Ex. Often this will be the type of search that ensues when a user has retrieved an interesting reference.
    Ex. The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.
    Ex. I love the content of this discussion, and hope that my comments don't come off as negative.
    Ex. It may be no use crying over spilt milk but had the original constitution been more people-driven, perhaps things could have turned out different.
    ----
    * al final resultó que = in the event.
    * cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.
    * de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.
    * no resultar fácil = not be easy.
    * que resulta irreconocible = out of all recognition.
    * resulta que = as it turns out.
    * resultar adecuado = prove + suitable.
    * resultar atractivo = prove + attractive.
    * resultar caro = prove + expensive, prove + costly.
    * resultar cómodo = be easy.
    * resultar confuso = prove + confusing.
    * resultar difícil = find + problems.
    * resultar difícil de conseguir = prove + elusive.
    * resultar divertido = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.
    * resultar (en) = lead to, result (in).
    * resultar en empate = result in + a draw.
    * resultar extraño = be unfamiliar with.
    * resultar fácil = be easy.
    * resultar fallido = nothing + come of.
    * resultar falso = prove + false.
    * resultar ideal = prove + ideal.
    * resultar imposible = prove + impossible.
    * resultar inadecuado = prove + inadequate.
    * resultar inapreciable = prove + invaluable.
    * resultar indescriptible = beggar + description.
    * resultar intratable por = prove + inhospitable to.
    * resultar negativo = not stand the test of.
    * resultar peligroso = pose + danger.
    * resultar pertinente = prove + relevant.
    * resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.
    * resultar que + Indicativo = happen to + Infinitivo, turn out that, chance to + Infinitivo.
    * resultar satisfactorio = prove + satisfactory.
    * resultar ser = prove + to be, turn out to be, happen + to be.
    * resultar ser demoledor = prove + crushing.
    * resultar ser ficticio = prove + illusory.
    * resultar ser necesario = prove + necessary.
    * resultar ser un éxito = prove + to be a success.
    * resultar útil = prove + fruitful, hold + Nombre + in good stead, stand + Nombre + in good stead.
    * resultar valioso = prove + valuable.
    * resulta (ser) que = it turns out that.
    * resultó que = as it turned out.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( dar resultado) to work

    su idea no resultó — his idea didn't work (out); (+ me/te/le etc)

    2) (+ compl)
    a)

    resultar + ADJ: resulta más barato así it works out cheaper this way; resultó más cara it proved o turned out to be more expensive; resultaron muertas dos personas (period) two people were killed; resultó tal como lo planeamos it turned out o worked out just as we planned; (+ me/te/le etc) me resulta simpático I think he's very nice; la película me resultó aburrida — I found the movie boring

    b)

    resultar + inf — to turn out + inf

    resultó ser un malentendido — it turned out to be o proved to be a misunderstanding

    3) (en 3a pers)
    4) ( derivar)

    resultar EN algo — to result in something, lead to something

    ¿qué va a resultar de todo esto? — what will come of all this?

    * * *
    = ensue, transpire, come off as, turn out.

    Ex: Often this will be the type of search that ensues when a user has retrieved an interesting reference.

    Ex: The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.
    Ex: I love the content of this discussion, and hope that my comments don't come off as negative.
    Ex: It may be no use crying over spilt milk but had the original constitution been more people-driven, perhaps things could have turned out different.
    * al final resultó que = in the event.
    * cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.
    * de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.
    * no resultar fácil = not be easy.
    * que resulta irreconocible = out of all recognition.
    * resulta que = as it turns out.
    * resultar adecuado = prove + suitable.
    * resultar atractivo = prove + attractive.
    * resultar caro = prove + expensive, prove + costly.
    * resultar cómodo = be easy.
    * resultar confuso = prove + confusing.
    * resultar difícil = find + problems.
    * resultar difícil de conseguir = prove + elusive.
    * resultar divertido = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.
    * resultar (en) = lead to, result (in).
    * resultar en empate = result in + a draw.
    * resultar extraño = be unfamiliar with.
    * resultar fácil = be easy.
    * resultar fallido = nothing + come of.
    * resultar falso = prove + false.
    * resultar ideal = prove + ideal.
    * resultar imposible = prove + impossible.
    * resultar inadecuado = prove + inadequate.
    * resultar inapreciable = prove + invaluable.
    * resultar indescriptible = beggar + description.
    * resultar intratable por = prove + inhospitable to.
    * resultar negativo = not stand the test of.
    * resultar peligroso = pose + danger.
    * resultar pertinente = prove + relevant.
    * resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.
    * resultar que + Indicativo = happen to + Infinitivo, turn out that, chance to + Infinitivo.
    * resultar satisfactorio = prove + satisfactory.
    * resultar ser = prove + to be, turn out to be, happen + to be.
    * resultar ser demoledor = prove + crushing.
    * resultar ser ficticio = prove + illusory.
    * resultar ser necesario = prove + necessary.
    * resultar ser un éxito = prove + to be a success.
    * resultar útil = prove + fruitful, hold + Nombre + in good stead, stand + Nombre + in good stead.
    * resultar valioso = prove + valuable.
    * resulta (ser) que = it turns out that.
    * resultó que = as it turned out.

    * * *
    resultar [A1 ]
    vi
    A (dar resultado) to work
    inténtalo, tal vez resulte give it a go, it might work
    su idea no resultó his idea didn't work (out)
    traté de convencerlo pero no resultó I tried to persuade him but it didn't work o but it was no good
    (+ me/te/le etc): no creo que te resulte I don't think it will work, I don't think you'll have any luck ( colloq)
    B (+ compl)
    1 resultar + ADJ:
    leérselo todo en un día resulta muy pesado it is very boring to have to read it all in one day
    comprándolo al por mayor resulta más barato it works out cheaper if you buy it wholesale
    la casa resultó más cara de lo que pensábamos the house proved o turned out to be more expensive than we had thought
    en el accidente resultaron muertas/heridas dos personas ( period); two people were killed/injured in the accident
    resultó tal como lo habíamos planeado it turned out o worked out just as we had planned
    (+ me/te/le etc): ese chico me resulta simpático I think that boy's very nice
    la película me resultó aburridísima I found the movie extremely boring
    la casa nos resulta demasiado grande ahora que los niños no están the house is too big for us now the children have left home
    2 resultar + INF:
    todo el problema resultó ser un malentendido the whole thing turned out to be o proved to be a misunderstanding
    al final resultó ser cierto in the end it turned out to be true
    resultó tener una hermana en la misma escuela he turned out to have a sister at the same school
    ahora resulta que tengo yo la culpa so now it's my fault, so now it seems it's all my fault
    fui a la tienda y resulta que estaba cerrada I went to the shop but it was closed
    y resulta que la llamo y se había olvidado and so I called her, and (it turned out) she'd forgotten all about it
    D (derivar) resultar EN algo to result IN sth, lead TO sth
    un incidente que resultó en una crisis internacional an incident which led to o resulted in an international crisis
    resultar DE algo to be the result OF sth
    no sé lo que va a resultar de todo esto I don't know what will come of all this, I don't know what the result o outcome of all this will be
    * * *

     

    resultar ( conjugate resultar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( dar resultado) to work;

    2 (+ compl):

    me resulta simpático I think he's very nice;
    resultó ser un malentendido it turned out to be o proved to be a misunderstanding;
    resultó tal como lo planeamos it turned out o worked out just as we planned
    3 (en 3a pers):

    4 ( derivar) resultar EN algo to result in sth, lead to sth
    resultar verbo intransitivo
    1 (originarse, ser consecuencia) to result, come: de aquel encuentro resultó una larga amistad, that meeting resulted in a lasting friendship
    2 (ser, mostrarse) to turn out, work out: no resulta demasiado halagüeño, it isn't very flattering
    me resulta más cómodo, it's more convenient for me
    resultó ser su mujer, she turned out to be his wife
    3 (tener éxito, funcionar) to be successful: tu consejo no resultó, your advice didn't work
    4 fam (suceder) resulta que..., the thing is...: y ahora resulta que no quieres hacerlo, and now it turns out that you don't want to do it
    ' resultar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    redundar
    - salir
    - costar
    - dar
    - hacer
    - según
    - sonar
    English:
    annoyance
    - bother
    - come out
    - emerge
    - ensue
    - handy
    - painful
    - prove
    - result
    - transpire
    - turn out
    - work out
    - agree
    - get
    - hold
    - pay
    - show
    - unhurt
    - work
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [salir] to (turn out to) be;
    ¿cómo resultó? how did it turn out?;
    resultó un éxito it was a success;
    el viaje resultó ser una maravilla the journey was wonderful;
    toda la confusión resultó ser un malentendido all the confusion turned out to be because of a misunderstanding;
    resultar en [dar como resultado] to result in;
    resultar herido/muerto to be injured/killed;
    resultó ileso he was uninjured;
    nuestro equipo resultó vencedor our team came out on top;
    su idea no resultó his idea didn't work;
    intentaré convencerle, pero no creo que resulte I'll try to talk him round, but I don't think it will work
    2. [originarse]
    resultar de to come of, to result from;
    de aquella reunión no resultó nada nothing came of that meeting
    3. [ser] to be;
    esta oficina resulta demasiado pequeña para tanta gente this office is too small for so many people;
    resulta sorprendente it's surprising;
    me resultó imposible terminar antes I was unable to finish earlier;
    me resulta muy simpática I find her very nice;
    este tema me está resultando ya aburrido this topic is beginning to bore me;
    resulta mejor comprar a granel it's better to buy in bulk;
    resultar útil to be useful;
    resultó ser mentira it turned out to be a lie
    ♦ v impersonal
    [suceder]
    resultó que era un impostor he turned out to be an impostor;
    ahora resulta que no quiere alquilarlo now it seems that she doesn't want to rent it;
    al final resultó que tenía razón in the end it turned out that she was right;
    ahora va a resultar que la culpa es mía so now it's suddenly all going to be my fault;
    resulta que su marido ha tenido un accidente it seems her husband has had an accident
    * * *
    v/i turn out;
    resultar caro prove expensive, turn out to be expensive;
    resultar muerto die, be killed;
    resulta que … it turns out that …
    * * *
    1) : to work, to work out
    mi idea no resultó: my idea didn't work out
    2) : to prove, to turn out to be
    resultó bien simpático: he turned out to be very nice
    3)
    resultar en : to lead to, to result in
    4)
    resultar de : to be the result of
    * * *
    1. (descubrirse) to turn out
    2. (ser, quedar) to be

    Spanish-English dictionary > resultar

  • 10 atención

    intj.
    attention, pay attention.
    f.
    1 attention, care, concentration, dedication.
    2 fine gesture, attention, courtesy, polite act.
    * * *
    1 (gen) attention
    2 (detalle) nice thought
    ■ fue una atención por su parte it was a nice thought, it was very kind of him
    ► interjección ¡atención!
    1 (gen) your attention please!; (cuidado) watch out!, look out!
    ■ ¡atención a los dedos! mind your fingers!
    \
    a la atención de alguien (en cartas) for the attention of somebody
    colmar muchas atenciones con alguien to smother somebody with attentions, make a fuss of somebody
    en atención a bearing in mind, taking into account
    en atención a que... in view of the fact that..., given that...
    llamar la atención to attract attention
    llamar la atención a alguien to take somebody to task
    prestar atención to pay attention (a, to)
    tener una atención con alguien to think of somebody
    * * *
    noun f.
    - prestar atención
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=interés) attention

    ¡atención, por favor! — attention, please!

    garantizarán los derechos de todos, con especial atención a las minorías — they will guarantee everybody's rights, particularly those of minorities

    • en atención a algo — frm in view of sth

    • llamar la atención a algn — (=atraer) to attract sb's attention; (=reprender) to tell sb off

    • prestar atención — to pay attention (a to)

    léelo detenidamente, prestando especial atención a la letra pequeña — read it carefully, paying particular attention to the small print

    2) (=precaución) care

    cuando vayas de vacaciones, atención a los precios — when you go on holiday, watch out for the prices

    ¡atención! frenos potentes — beware! powerful brakes

    ¡atención! — look out!, careful!; (Mil) attention!

    toque
    3) (=cortesía)
    4) (=asistencia)

    horario de atención al público — [en oficina] hours of business; [en tienda] opening hours

    5) pl atenciones (=obligaciones) duties, responsibilities
    6) [en correspondencia]

    • a la atención de — for the attention of; [en sobre] attention

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( concentración) attention

    pon atención en lo que haces — concentrate on o pay attention to what you're doing

    presta atención a esto — pay attention o listen carefully to this

    atraer la atención del camarero — to attract o get the waiter's attention

    b)

    llamar la atención: se viste así para llamar la atención he dresses like that to attract attention (to himself); una chica que llama la atención a very striking girl; lo dulce no me llama la atención I'm not very fond of sweet things; me llamó la atención que estuviera sola I was surprised she was alone; llamarle la atención a alguien ( reprenderlo) to reprimand somebody (frml), to give somebody a talking to; ( hacerle notar algo): les llamé la atención sobre... — I drew their attention to...

    a la atención de — (Corresp) for the attention of

    en atención a algo — (frml) in view of something

    2)
    a) ( servicio)

    la atención que recibimos en el consulado — the way we were treated o the treatment we received in the consulate

    horario de atención al público — ( en banco) hours of business; ( en oficina pública) opening hours

    departamento de atención al cliente — customer service department (AmE), customer services department (BrE)

    b) ( cortesía)
    II
    a) (Mil) attention!

    atención, por favor! — (your) attention, please!

    c) ( para avisar de peligro) look out!, watch out!

    atención! — danger!, warning!

    * * *
    = attention, care, courtesy, focus, diligence, vigilance.
    Ex. It's that access dimension of descriptive cataloging that I suggest should get priority attention from all of us.
    Ex. Thus care in indexing is essential, and systems should be designed in such a way as to minimise the possibility of error.
    Ex. Why dont't they give these people some lessons in common courtesy?.
    Ex. Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.
    Ex. If these guidelines are not adhered to with due care and diligence, financial damage to the library can result = Si no se siguen estas directrices con el debido cuidado y atención, el resultado puede ser que la biblioteca sufra daños económicos.
    Ex. Factors that might adversely impact the ethical behaviour of the publishing, vending and librarianship community are examined, and the need for professionalism and vigilance of the community is emphasised.
    ----
    * abrumar con atenciones = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * acaparar la atención de Alguien = monopolise + attention.
    * acaparar toda la atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.
    * atención a la infancia = child care [childcare].
    * atención al cliente = customer care, customer support.
    * atención al estudiante = student services.
    * atención al paciente = patient care.
    * atención + disminuir = attention + wane.
    * atención médica = medical attention.
    * atención personal = personal attention.
    * atención personal al cliente = personal selling.
    * atención prenatal = prenatal care.
    * atención primaria = primary care.
    * atención primaria de salud = primary health care.
    * atención sanitaria = health care [healthcare].
    * atención secundaria = secondary care.
    * atraer la atención = attract + the eye, catch + Posesivo + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, capture + the attention, rivet + the attention, draw + attention, catch + Posesivo + fancy, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash.
    * atraer la atención de = hold + attention.
    * atraer la atención de Alguien = appeal to + Posesivo + imagination, engage + Posesivo + attention.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.
    * captar la atención = hold + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, rivet + the attention, catch + Posesivo + attention.
    * centrar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * centrar la atención en = train + spotlight on, put + spotlight on, spotlight + fall on, spotlight + focus on.
    * centro de atención = centre of attention, limelight, centrepiece [centerpiece, -USA], centre stage, focus of concern, focus of interest, focus of attention, focus.
    * centro de atención al ciudadano = advice centre.
    * colmar de atenciones = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * competir por acaparar la atención de Alguien = compete for + attention.
    * con atención = attentively.
    * concentrar la atención sobre = keep in + focus.
    * conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight, grab + the limelight.
    * dar una llamada de atención = sound + a wake-up call.
    * de atención básica = preattentive.
    * de atención primaria = preattentive.
    * deber prestar atención = warrant + consideration.
    * dedicar atención = devote + attention.
    * dedicar atención a = turn + Posesivo + mind to.
    * dedicar + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.
    * dedicar + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.
    * departamento de atención al cliente = customer service department.
    * despertar la atención = arouse + attention, give + wake-up call.
    * desviar + Posesivo + atención = divert + Posesivo + attention.
    * dirigir la atención = put + focus.
    * dirigir la atención a = turn to, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).
    * dirigir + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.
    * dirigir + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.
    * disputarse la atención = vie for + attention.
    * distraer la atención = distract + attention.
    * distraer + Posesivo + atención = divert + Posesivo + attention.
    * el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.
    * en el foco de atención = in the spotlight.
    * fijar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * hacer que no se le preste atención a = deflect + attention from.
    * horario de atención al público = opening hours, hours of operation, banking hours.
    * interrumpir la atención = interrupt + attention.
    * lamar la atención = eye + catch.
    * leer con atención = peruse.
    * llamada de atención = heads up, wake-up call, slap on the wrist.
    * llamar la atención = call + attention to, attract + attention, excite + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, admonish, strike + Posesivo + fancy, capture + the attention, stand out, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, cut + a dash, seek + attention, make + heads turn, catch + Posesivo + fancy, catch + Posesivo + attention, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash, make + a big noise, hit + home.
    * llamar la atención a Alguien = rap + Nombre + knuckles, censure.
    * llamar la atención de = draw + the attention of.
    * llamar la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * llamar la atención sobre = draw + attention to, pull + Nombre + to, bring + Nombre + into the public eye, raise + awareness, enhance + awareness.
    * llamarle la atención a Alguien = reprimand, slap + Nombre + down, slap + Nombre + on the wrist.
    * mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * merecer atención = merit + attention, be worthy of + attention, deserve + attention.
    * mostrador de atención al público = service desk, public service desk, service counter.
    * mostrador de atención al usuario = service area.
    * necesitar atención = beg + attention, warrant + attention.
    * nivel de atención = attention span.
    * no prestar atención = disregard, overlook, close + the door on, go + unheeded, fly in + the face of.
    * no prestar atención al hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.
    * no prestar la suficiente atención = give + short shrift.
    * para llamar la atención = for effect.
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = take + centre stage.
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus.
    * poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).
    * poner el centro de atención = put + focus.
    * prestándole especial atención a = with specific reference to.
    * prestar atención = follow up, heed, receive + attention, mind, devote + attention, pay + heed, take + notice, give + (some) thought to, follow through, look out for, lend + an ear, prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.
    * prestar atención a = attend to, give + attention to, give + consideration (to), pay + attention to, turn + Posesivo + mind to, train + spotlight on, give + an ear to, listen (to), keep + an eye on, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).
    * prestar especial atención = pay + particular attention, focus.
    * prestarle atención = focus + attention.
    * prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.
    * prestar + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.
    * prestar + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.
    * que distrae la atención = distracting.
    * que no llama la atención = inconspicuous.
    * recibir atención = enjoy + attention, receive + attention, receive + note, command + attention, gain + attention.
    * requerir atención = require + consideration, require + attention.
    * retener la atención de Alguien = retain + attention.
    * ser el centro de atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show, cut + a dash.
    * servicio de atención = advisory service.
    * servicio de atención al cliente = customer service, service department.
    * servicio de atención al cliente en su propio automóvil = drive-through (drive-thru).
    * servicio de atención al cliente por teléfono = call centre.
    * servicio de atención de día = day care.
    * servicios de atención al estudiante = student services.
    * síndrome de déficit de atención = attention deficit.
    * síndrome de déficit de atención con hiperactividad = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    * sin llamar la atención = inconspicuously.
    * sin prestar atención = mindlessly.
    * total atención = undivided attention.
    * trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    * tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * volver a prestar atención = refocus + attention.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( concentración) attention

    pon atención en lo que haces — concentrate on o pay attention to what you're doing

    presta atención a esto — pay attention o listen carefully to this

    atraer la atención del camarero — to attract o get the waiter's attention

    b)

    llamar la atención: se viste así para llamar la atención he dresses like that to attract attention (to himself); una chica que llama la atención a very striking girl; lo dulce no me llama la atención I'm not very fond of sweet things; me llamó la atención que estuviera sola I was surprised she was alone; llamarle la atención a alguien ( reprenderlo) to reprimand somebody (frml), to give somebody a talking to; ( hacerle notar algo): les llamé la atención sobre... — I drew their attention to...

    a la atención de — (Corresp) for the attention of

    en atención a algo — (frml) in view of something

    2)
    a) ( servicio)

    la atención que recibimos en el consulado — the way we were treated o the treatment we received in the consulate

    horario de atención al público — ( en banco) hours of business; ( en oficina pública) opening hours

    departamento de atención al cliente — customer service department (AmE), customer services department (BrE)

    b) ( cortesía)
    II
    a) (Mil) attention!

    atención, por favor! — (your) attention, please!

    c) ( para avisar de peligro) look out!, watch out!

    atención! — danger!, warning!

    * * *
    = attention, care, courtesy, focus, diligence, vigilance.

    Ex: It's that access dimension of descriptive cataloging that I suggest should get priority attention from all of us.

    Ex: Thus care in indexing is essential, and systems should be designed in such a way as to minimise the possibility of error.
    Ex: Why dont't they give these people some lessons in common courtesy?.
    Ex: Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.
    Ex: If these guidelines are not adhered to with due care and diligence, financial damage to the library can result = Si no se siguen estas directrices con el debido cuidado y atención, el resultado puede ser que la biblioteca sufra daños económicos.
    Ex: Factors that might adversely impact the ethical behaviour of the publishing, vending and librarianship community are examined, and the need for professionalism and vigilance of the community is emphasised.
    * abrumar con atenciones = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * acaparar la atención de Alguien = monopolise + attention.
    * acaparar toda la atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.
    * atención a la infancia = child care [childcare].
    * atención al cliente = customer care, customer support.
    * atención al estudiante = student services.
    * atención al paciente = patient care.
    * atención + disminuir = attention + wane.
    * atención médica = medical attention.
    * atención personal = personal attention.
    * atención personal al cliente = personal selling.
    * atención prenatal = prenatal care.
    * atención primaria = primary care.
    * atención primaria de salud = primary health care.
    * atención sanitaria = health care [healthcare].
    * atención secundaria = secondary care.
    * atraer la atención = attract + the eye, catch + Posesivo + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, capture + the attention, rivet + the attention, draw + attention, catch + Posesivo + fancy, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash.
    * atraer la atención de = hold + attention.
    * atraer la atención de Alguien = appeal to + Posesivo + imagination, engage + Posesivo + attention.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.
    * captar la atención = hold + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, rivet + the attention, catch + Posesivo + attention.
    * centrar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * centrar la atención en = train + spotlight on, put + spotlight on, spotlight + fall on, spotlight + focus on.
    * centro de atención = centre of attention, limelight, centrepiece [centerpiece, -USA], centre stage, focus of concern, focus of interest, focus of attention, focus.
    * centro de atención al ciudadano = advice centre.
    * colmar de atenciones = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * competir por acaparar la atención de Alguien = compete for + attention.
    * con atención = attentively.
    * concentrar la atención sobre = keep in + focus.
    * conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight, grab + the limelight.
    * dar una llamada de atención = sound + a wake-up call.
    * de atención básica = preattentive.
    * de atención primaria = preattentive.
    * deber prestar atención = warrant + consideration.
    * dedicar atención = devote + attention.
    * dedicar atención a = turn + Posesivo + mind to.
    * dedicar + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.
    * dedicar + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.
    * departamento de atención al cliente = customer service department.
    * despertar la atención = arouse + attention, give + wake-up call.
    * desviar + Posesivo + atención = divert + Posesivo + attention.
    * dirigir la atención = put + focus.
    * dirigir la atención a = turn to, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).
    * dirigir + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.
    * dirigir + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.
    * disputarse la atención = vie for + attention.
    * distraer la atención = distract + attention.
    * distraer + Posesivo + atención = divert + Posesivo + attention.
    * el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.
    * en el foco de atención = in the spotlight.
    * fijar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * hacer que no se le preste atención a = deflect + attention from.
    * horario de atención al público = opening hours, hours of operation, banking hours.
    * interrumpir la atención = interrupt + attention.
    * lamar la atención = eye + catch.
    * leer con atención = peruse.
    * llamada de atención = heads up, wake-up call, slap on the wrist.
    * llamar la atención = call + attention to, attract + attention, excite + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, admonish, strike + Posesivo + fancy, capture + the attention, stand out, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, cut + a dash, seek + attention, make + heads turn, catch + Posesivo + fancy, catch + Posesivo + attention, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash, make + a big noise, hit + home.
    * llamar la atención a Alguien = rap + Nombre + knuckles, censure.
    * llamar la atención de = draw + the attention of.
    * llamar la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * llamar la atención sobre = draw + attention to, pull + Nombre + to, bring + Nombre + into the public eye, raise + awareness, enhance + awareness.
    * llamarle la atención a Alguien = reprimand, slap + Nombre + down, slap + Nombre + on the wrist.
    * mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.
    * merecer atención = merit + attention, be worthy of + attention, deserve + attention.
    * mostrador de atención al público = service desk, public service desk, service counter.
    * mostrador de atención al usuario = service area.
    * necesitar atención = beg + attention, warrant + attention.
    * nivel de atención = attention span.
    * no prestar atención = disregard, overlook, close + the door on, go + unheeded, fly in + the face of.
    * no prestar atención al hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.
    * no prestar la suficiente atención = give + short shrift.
    * para llamar la atención = for effect.
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = take + centre stage.
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus.
    * poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).
    * poner el centro de atención = put + focus.
    * prestándole especial atención a = with specific reference to.
    * prestar atención = follow up, heed, receive + attention, mind, devote + attention, pay + heed, take + notice, give + (some) thought to, follow through, look out for, lend + an ear, prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.
    * prestar atención a = attend to, give + attention to, give + consideration (to), pay + attention to, turn + Posesivo + mind to, train + spotlight on, give + an ear to, listen (to), keep + an eye on, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).
    * prestar especial atención = pay + particular attention, focus.
    * prestarle atención = focus + attention.
    * prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.
    * prestar + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.
    * prestar + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.
    * que distrae la atención = distracting.
    * que no llama la atención = inconspicuous.
    * recibir atención = enjoy + attention, receive + attention, receive + note, command + attention, gain + attention.
    * requerir atención = require + consideration, require + attention.
    * retener la atención de Alguien = retain + attention.
    * ser el centro de atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show, cut + a dash.
    * servicio de atención = advisory service.
    * servicio de atención al cliente = customer service, service department.
    * servicio de atención al cliente en su propio automóvil = drive-through (drive-thru).
    * servicio de atención al cliente por teléfono = call centre.
    * servicio de atención de día = day care.
    * servicios de atención al estudiante = student services.
    * síndrome de déficit de atención = attention deficit.
    * síndrome de déficit de atención con hiperactividad = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    * sin llamar la atención = inconspicuously.
    * sin prestar atención = mindlessly.
    * total atención = undivided attention.
    * trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    * tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * volver a prestar atención = refocus + attention.

    * * *
    A
    1 (cuidado, concentración) attention
    me gustaría poder dedicarle más atención a esto I'd like to be able to give this more attention, I'd like to be able to devote more attention to this
    me escuchó con atención she listened to me attentively o carefully
    pon atención en lo que haces concentrate on o pay attention to what you're doing
    presta atención a lo que voy a decir pay attention o listen carefully to what I'm going to say
    trata de atraer la atención del camarero try and attract o get the waiter's attention
    le gusta ser el centro de (la) atención she likes to be the center of attention
    esto ha sido todo por hoy, gracias por su atención that's all for today, thank you for watching/listening
    2
    llamar la atención: se viste así para llamar la atención he dresses like that to attract attention (to himself)
    ¿no ves que estás llamando la atención con esos gritos? can't you see that you're attracting attention (to yourself) with your shouting?
    llama la atención por su original diseño the originality of its design is striking
    es una chica que llama la atención she's a very striking girl
    lo dulce no me llama la atención I'm not very fond of o ( BrE) keen on sweet things
    nada le llama la atención nothing seems to interest him
    me llamó la atención que estuviera sola/no verlo allí I was surprised she was alone/not to see him there
    llamarle la atención a algn (reprenderlo) to reprimand sb ( frml), to give sb a talking to
    (hacerle notar algo): les llamé la atención sobre el precio I drew their attention to the price
    3 ( en locs):
    a la atención de ( Corresp) for the attention of
    en atención a algo ( frml); in view of sth
    en atención a sus circunstancias familiares in view of o bearing in mind her family circumstances
    B
    1
    (servicio): no nos podemos quejar de la atención que recibimos en el consulado we can't complain about the way we were treated o the treatment we received in the consulate
    [ S ] horario de atención al público (en un banco) hours of business; (en una oficina pública) opening hours
    [ S ] departamento de atención al cliente customer service department ( AmE), customer services department ( BrE)
    2
    (cortesía): nos colmaron de atenciones durante nuestra visita we were showered with attention o ( BrE) attentions during our visit, they made a real fuss of us during our visit
    no es necesario gastar mucho, lo importante es tener una atención con él we don't have to spend much money, the important thing is that he knows we thought of him
    no tuvo ninguna atención con nosotros a pesar de nuestra hospitalidad he didn't show the slightest appreciation despite our hospitality
    ¡cuántas atenciones! estoy abrumado how kind! I'm overwhelmed
    1 ( Mil) attention!
    ¡atención! están dando los resultados listen! they're reading out the results
    ¡atención, por favor! (your) attention, please!, may I have your attention, please?
    2 (para avisar de un peligro) look out!, watch out!
    [ S ] ¡atención! danger!, warning!
    * * *

     

    atención 1 sustantivo femenino
    1

    ◊ pon/presta atención a esto pay attention to this;

    con atención attentively
    b)


    una chica que llama la atención a very striking girl;
    me llamó la atención que estuviera sola I was surprised she was alone;
    llamarle la atención a algn ( reprenderlo) to reprimand sb (frml), to give sb a talking to
    2
    a) (en hotel, tienda) service;

    ( on signs) horario de atención al público ( en banco) hours of business;
    ( en oficina pública) opening hours
    b) ( cortesía):

    ◊ nos colmaron de atenciones we were showered with attention o (BrE) attentions;

    no tuvo ninguna atención con ella a pesar de su hospitalidad he didn't show the slightest appreciation despite her hospitality
    atención 2 interjección

    ◊ ¡atención, por favor! (your) attention, please!


    atención
    I sustantivo femenino attention
    II exclamación attention!
    ♦ Locuciones: llamar la atención, to attract attention
    prestar atención, to pay attention [a, to]
    toque de atención, warning
    ' atención' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acaparar
    - acaparador
    - acaparadora
    - cantar
    - centrar
    - conceder
    - concentrar
    - concentración
    - delicadeza
    - descuidarse
    - despreocuparse
    - detalle
    - dirigirse
    - distracción
    - distraer
    - distraerse
    - eh
    - esmerarse
    - fijar
    - fijarse
    - llamar
    - mirar
    - polarizar
    - prestar
    - show
    - toque
    - asistencia
    - atender
    - atento
    - atraer
    - bien
    - captar
    - caso
    - centro
    - corresponder
    - corte
    - cuidado
    - descuidar
    - dirigir
    - escuchar
    - gentileza
    - ninguno
    - oír
    - ojo
    - palmada
    - perdón
    - poner
    - público
    - reclamo
    - retener
    English:
    accuracy
    - appeal
    - attend
    - attention
    - attention span
    - attract
    - call
    - capture
    - care
    - carelessly
    - catch
    - centre
    - closely
    - deaf
    - draw
    - engage
    - enthral
    - enthrall
    - eye
    - fix
    - fuss
    - give
    - grip
    - hear
    - inconspicuous
    - intently
    - listen
    - lunch
    - note
    - noteworthy
    - notice
    - nursing
    - pay
    - rate
    - round-the-clock
    - service
    - spectacle
    - spotlight
    - switch
    - turn
    - undivided
    - anticipation
    - carelessness
    - conspicuous
    - courtesy
    - disregard
    - effect
    - heed
    - intent
    - lime
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [interés] attention;
    tienes que dedicar más atención a tus estudios you've got to put more effort into your studies, you've got to concentrate harder on your studies;
    miraremos tu expediente con mucha atención we'll look at your file very carefully;
    aguardaban el resultado con atención they were listening attentively for the result;
    escucha con atención listen carefully;
    a la atención de for the attention of;
    llamar la atención [atraer] to attract attention;
    lo que más me llamó la atención fue la belleza del paisaje what struck me most was the beauty of the countryside;
    su belleza llama la atención her beauty is striking;
    al principio no me llamó la atención at first I didn't notice anything unusual;
    llamar la atención a alguien [amonestar] to tell sb off;
    le llamé la atención sobre el coste del proyecto I drew her attention to the cost of the project;
    con sus escándalos, andan llamando la atención todo el tiempo they are always attracting attention to themselves by causing one scandal or another;
    le gusta llamar la atención she likes to be noticed;
    el desastre electoral fue una llamada o [m5] toque de atención al partido gobernante the disastrous election results were a wake-up call to the governing party;
    a los niños pequeños les cuesta mantener la atención small children find it difficult to stop their attention from wandering;
    poner o [m5] prestar atención to pay attention;
    si no pones o [m5]prestas atención, no te enterarás de lo que hay que hacer if you don't pay attention, you won't know what to do
    atención mediática media exposure
    2. [cortesía] attentiveness;
    atenciones attentiveness;
    tenía demasiadas atenciones con el jefe she was overly attentive towards the boss;
    nos colmaron de atenciones they waited on us hand and foot;
    deshacerse en atenciones con to lavish attention on;
    en atención a [teniendo en cuenta] out of consideration for;
    [en honor a] in honour of;
    en atención a sus méritos in honour of her achievements;
    organizaron una cena en atención al nuevo embajador they held a dinner in honour of the new ambassador;
    le cedió el asiento en atención a su avanzada edad he let her have his seat because of her age
    3. [servicio]
    la atención a los ancianos care of the elderly;
    Com atención al cliente customer service o care o support;
    atención domiciliaria [de médico] home visits;
    para la atención domiciliaria, llamar al… if you wish to call a doctor out, ring this number…;
    atención hospitalaria hospital care;
    atención primaria [en ambulatorio] primary health care;
    atención sanitaria health care
    ♦ interj
    [en aeropuerto, conferencia] your attention please!; Mil attention!;
    ¡atención, van a anunciar el ganador! listen, they're about to announce the winner!;
    ¡atención! [en letrero] danger!;
    ¡atención, peligro de incendio! [en letrero] [con materiales inflamables] (warning!) fire hazard;
    [en bosques] danger of forest fires in this area
    * * *
    f
    1 attention;
    ¡atención! your attention, please!;
    falta de atención lack of attention, inattentiveness;
    prestar atención pay attention (a to);
    llamar la atención a alguien reñir tell s.o. off; por ser llamativo attract s.o.’s attention;
    llamar la atención de alguien sobre algo call s.o.’s attention to sth;
    2 ( cortesía) courtesy;
    atenciones pl attentiveness sg ;
    nos han tratato con mil atenciones they were extremely attentive
    3
    :
    a la atención de carta for the attention of;
    en atención a fml with regard to
    * * *
    atención nf, pl - ciones
    1) : attention
    2)
    prestar atención : to pay attention
    3)
    llamar la atención : to attract attention
    4)
    en atención a : in view of
    atención interj
    1) : attention!
    2) : watch out!
    * * *
    atención1 interj your attention, please!
    atención2 n attention
    con atención attentively / carefully
    me llama la atención que... I'm surprised that...

    Spanish-English dictionary > atención

  • 11 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 12 grupo

    m.
    1 group (conjunto).
    en grupo in a group
    grupo ecologista environmental group
    grupo de estudio study group
    grupo de presión (politics) pressure group, lobby
    grupo de riesgo group at risk
    grupo de rock rock group
    2 group of people, bevy, circle, group.
    * * *
    1 group
    2 TÉCNICA unit, set
    \
    en grupo together, en masse
    grupo electrógeno power plant
    grupo sanguíneo blood group
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) band
    •
    * * *
    SM
    1) [gen] group; (=equipo) team; [de árboles] cluster, clump

    grupo de contacto — (Pol) contact group

    grupo de estafas — (Policía) fraud squad

    grupo de estupefacientes — (Policía) drug squad

    grupo de homicidios — (Policía) murder squad

    grupo de investigación — research team, team of researchers

    grupo de presión — pressure group, special interest group (EEUU)

    2) (Elec, Téc) unit, plant; (=montaje) assembly

    grupo electrógeno, grupo generador — generating set, power plant

    3) Cono Sur (=trampa) trick, con *
    * * *
    a) (de personas, empresas, países) group; ( de árboles) clump

    en grupo — <salir/trabajar> in a group/in groups

    b) (Mús) tb

    grupo musical — group, band

    * * *
    = aggregate, bank, batch [batches, -pl.], body, class, cluster, clutch, congeries, grouping, pack, cohort, camp, set, group, gang, bunch, corps, band, class group, combine, constituent group, collective, ensemble, bevy, line-up, cluster, segment, pod, order, mob.
    Ex. The result of this is to provide a distinct class number for an aggregate of subjects which are adjacent in the UDC schedule order.
    Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.
    Ex. A KWIC index is based upon the 'keywords' in the titles of the batch of documents to be indexed.
    Ex. The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.
    Ex. The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    Ex. The local system is designed to be flexible enough to meet the needs of a single library or those of a library cluster.
    Ex. This approach does tend to lead to small clutches of periodicals on a given subject.
    Ex. To be sure, it still has its congeries of mills and factories, its grimy huddle of frame dwellings and congested tenements, its stark, jagged skyline, but its old face is gradually changing.
    Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex. The notched cards, representing relevant documents, will drop off the needle and fall from the bulk of the pack.
    Ex. This article examines the views of librarians held by a number of faculty cohorts.
    Ex. This is a situation much debated between the two camps of those who would give everyone what he wants and those who would give each reader only the things of some constructive value.
    Ex. SELECT retrieves records containing the search term or terms you specify and stores them in sets.
    Ex. The groups continue, however, to keep alive their heritages through festivals and cultural activities.
    Ex. In the 1920s and 1930s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers' gangs working on distant branch lines.
    Ex. They are a very impatient bunch, however: knowing themselves what the technology can do, they can get a little short with obstructionists who raise non-technical objections.
    Ex. Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.
    Ex. In recent years a band of disciples has grown up in India, and has contributed to the revision and expansion of the schedules.
    Ex. If the panel members represent class groups, they must canvass for suggestions.
    Ex. 158 public organisations with very diverse computer machinery formed a combine to develop an application which would make the database available on the organisations' different computer systems. = 158 instituciones públicas con equipos informáticos muy diversos crearon un grupo para desarrollar una aplicación que hiciera que la base de datos estuviese disponible en sus diferentes sistemas informáticos.
    Ex. Different constituent groups tend to rate aspects of the library quite differently.
    Ex. These collectives are at present seeking compensation for copies made of copyrighted material based on the nature, volume and use of copies made.
    Ex. DIANE is the name that has been given to the ensemble of available information services.
    Ex. It contains a bevy of fearsomely feisty female archetypes removed from domestic obligations and toughened in the brutal setting of prison life.
    Ex. The title of the article is 'The information market: a line-up of competitors'.
    Ex. Various other methods of obtaining clusters have been described, including the use of fuzzy sets, but these are beyond the scope of this book.
    Ex. No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex. The large pod of about 75 narwhals milled around the bay in the summer feeding grounds.
    Ex. The taxonomic subclass of acari (mites and ticks) comprises tens of thousands of species, grouped in many families and several orders.
    Ex. In the afternoon quite a few of our mob decided that they would prefer to spend a bit of time lazing about in the water and soaking up a few rays.
    ----
    * admitir a Alguien en un grupo = adopt + Nombre + into the fold.
    * análisis de grupo = cohort analysis.
    * atacar en grupo = swarm.
    * camaradería de grupo = group ride.
    * cena de grupo = dinner party.
    * cena en grupo = group dinner, dinner party.
    * como grupo = collectively.
    * crear un grupo = set up + group.
    * debate de grupo = group discussion.
    * debate en grupo = group discussion.
    * división del mercado por grupos de consumidores = market segmentation.
    * empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.
    * empresa de un grupo = operating company.
    * en algunos grupos = in some quarters.
    * en algunos grupos de la población = in some quarters.
    * enano del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * entrevista en grupo = group interview.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formar un grupo = set up + group.
    * formar un grupo de presión = form + lobby.
    * G7 (Grupo de los Siete), el = G7 (Group of Seven), the.
    * gran grupo = constellation.
    * grupo activista = faction group.
    * grupo al Algo que va dirigido = target group.
    * grupo alimenticio = food group.
    * grupo asesor = advisory group.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * grupo chantajista = extortion racket.
    * grupo cívico = civic group.
    * grupo consultivo = advisory group.
    * grupo coordinador = steering group.
    * grupo cultural = cultural group.
    * grupo de acción ciudadana = citizen action group, community action group.
    * grupo de amigos = clan of friends.
    * grupo de amigos y conocidos = social network.
    * grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.
    * grupo de autoayuda = self-help group, self-help group, self-help group.
    * grupo de cantantes femenino = girl band.
    * grupo de cantantes masculino = boy band.
    * grupo de ciudadanos desatentido = unserved, the.
    * grupo de consumidores = consumer group.
    * grupo de control = control group.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * grupo de debate = discussion group, focus group, discussion list, electronic forum, panel discussion, panel debate.
    * grupo de dirección = management.
    * grupo de discusión = discussion group.
    * grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].
    * grupo de empresas = business group.
    * grupo de estanterías = stack, stack range.
    * grupo de estudio = study circle.
    * grupo de expertos = cadre, brains trust, group of experts, network, think tank.
    * grupo defensor = interest group.
    * grupo de gestión = management team.
    * grupo de incondicionales, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo de intelectuales = intelligentsia.
    * grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.
    * grupo de investigación = research group.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * grupo de la oposición = opposition group.
    * grupo de los 20 = G-20.
    * grupo de los ocho, el = G8, the.
    * grupo del proyecto = project team.
    * grupo de negociación = bargaining unit.
    * grupo de normalización = standards group.
    * grupo de opinión = focus group.
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * grupo de poder = power group.
    * grupo de presión = lobby group, pressure group, lobbyist.
    * grupo de protección a menores = Shelter group.
    * grupo de protección ciudadana = civic trust group.
    * grupo de recursos = clump.
    * grupo de referencia = reference group.
    * grupo de representantes = focus group.
    * grupo de rock = rock group.
    * grupo de seguidores = fandom.
    * grupo de términos de búsqueda relacionados = search hedge, subject hedge.
    * grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.
    * Grupo de Trabajo de Ingeniería de Internet (IETF) = Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la Asociaci = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * grupo de tres = threesome.
    * grupo de usuarios = user group, users' group, population served.
    * grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.
    * grupo disidente = splinter group, splinter party.
    * grupo dominante = dominant group.
    * grupo eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.
    * grupo electrógeno = electrical generator, power unit, power generator.
    * grupo especial = special interest group.
    * grupo específico = niche.
    * grupo etario = age bracket.
    * grupo étnico = ethnic group, racial group, cultural group.
    * grupo experimental = experimental group.
    * grupo extremista = extremist group.
    * grupo incondicional, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo influyente = force.
    * grupo instrumental = ensemble.
    * grupo integrante = constituent group.
    * grupo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * grupo intérprete = executant body.
    * grupo marginado = deprived group, marginalised group.
    * grupo marginal = disadvantaged community, marginalised group.
    * grupo mayoritario = majority group.
    * grupo mínimo relacionado = minimum zone cohort.
    * grupo minoritario = minority group.
    * grupo mixto = cross-functional team.
    * grupo musical en directo = live band.
    * grupo político = political group.
    * grupo principal de usuarios = primary user group.
    * grupo profesional = occupational group.
    * grupo racial = racial group.
    * grupo racista = hate group.
    * grupo referente = reference group.
    * grupo religioso = denominational body, religious group.
    * grupos = quarters.
    * grupo sanguíneo = blood group, blood type.
    * grupos de diez = tens of.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * grupo social = community group, social group.
    * grupo supervisor = steering group.
    * grupo temáticamente afín = subject-related group.
    * grupo terrorista = terrorist group.
    * más débil del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * obra para grupo instrumental = ensemble work.
    * pensamiento de grupo = groupthink.
    * perfil de grupo = group profile.
    * por grupos = in batches.
    * presión del grupo = peer pressure.
    * relativo a un grupo = group-related.
    * reunión de grupo = group meeting.
    * RLG (Grupo de Bibliotecas de Investigación) = RLG (Research Libraries Group).
    * rodear en grupo = swarm.
    * SDI por grupos = group SDI.
    * sentimiento de grupo = togetherness.
    * sesión de grupo = group session.
    * tarifa de grupo = group rate.
    * técnica de grupo nominal = nominal group technique.
    * terapia de grupo = group therapy.
    * trabajar en grupo = team.
    * trabajar en grupo (con) = team up (with).
    * una grupo impreciso de = a cloud of.
    * un grupo aferrado de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un grupo de = a set of, a bunch of, a crop of, a pool of, a cadre of, a cluster of, a galaxy of, a clutch of, a company of.
    * un grupo de gente variada = a cast of people.
    * un grupo incondicional de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo variado de = a collection of.
    * violación en grupo = gang rape.
    * * *
    a) (de personas, empresas, países) group; ( de árboles) clump

    en grupo — <salir/trabajar> in a group/in groups

    b) (Mús) tb

    grupo musical — group, band

    * * *
    = aggregate, bank, batch [batches, -pl.], body, class, cluster, clutch, congeries, grouping, pack, cohort, camp, set, group, gang, bunch, corps, band, class group, combine, constituent group, collective, ensemble, bevy, line-up, cluster, segment, pod, order, mob.

    Ex: The result of this is to provide a distinct class number for an aggregate of subjects which are adjacent in the UDC schedule order.

    Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.
    Ex: A KWIC index is based upon the 'keywords' in the titles of the batch of documents to be indexed.
    Ex: The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.
    Ex: The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    Ex: The local system is designed to be flexible enough to meet the needs of a single library or those of a library cluster.
    Ex: This approach does tend to lead to small clutches of periodicals on a given subject.
    Ex: To be sure, it still has its congeries of mills and factories, its grimy huddle of frame dwellings and congested tenements, its stark, jagged skyline, but its old face is gradually changing.
    Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex: The notched cards, representing relevant documents, will drop off the needle and fall from the bulk of the pack.
    Ex: This article examines the views of librarians held by a number of faculty cohorts.
    Ex: This is a situation much debated between the two camps of those who would give everyone what he wants and those who would give each reader only the things of some constructive value.
    Ex: SELECT retrieves records containing the search term or terms you specify and stores them in sets.
    Ex: The groups continue, however, to keep alive their heritages through festivals and cultural activities.
    Ex: In the 1920s and 1930s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers' gangs working on distant branch lines.
    Ex: They are a very impatient bunch, however: knowing themselves what the technology can do, they can get a little short with obstructionists who raise non-technical objections.
    Ex: Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.
    Ex: In recent years a band of disciples has grown up in India, and has contributed to the revision and expansion of the schedules.
    Ex: If the panel members represent class groups, they must canvass for suggestions.
    Ex: 158 public organisations with very diverse computer machinery formed a combine to develop an application which would make the database available on the organisations' different computer systems. = 158 instituciones públicas con equipos informáticos muy diversos crearon un grupo para desarrollar una aplicación que hiciera que la base de datos estuviese disponible en sus diferentes sistemas informáticos.
    Ex: Different constituent groups tend to rate aspects of the library quite differently.
    Ex: These collectives are at present seeking compensation for copies made of copyrighted material based on the nature, volume and use of copies made.
    Ex: DIANE is the name that has been given to the ensemble of available information services.
    Ex: It contains a bevy of fearsomely feisty female archetypes removed from domestic obligations and toughened in the brutal setting of prison life.
    Ex: The title of the article is 'The information market: a line-up of competitors'.
    Ex: Various other methods of obtaining clusters have been described, including the use of fuzzy sets, but these are beyond the scope of this book.
    Ex: No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex: The large pod of about 75 narwhals milled around the bay in the summer feeding grounds.
    Ex: The taxonomic subclass of acari (mites and ticks) comprises tens of thousands of species, grouped in many families and several orders.
    Ex: In the afternoon quite a few of our mob decided that they would prefer to spend a bit of time lazing about in the water and soaking up a few rays.
    * admitir a Alguien en un grupo = adopt + Nombre + into the fold.
    * análisis de grupo = cohort analysis.
    * atacar en grupo = swarm.
    * camaradería de grupo = group ride.
    * cena de grupo = dinner party.
    * cena en grupo = group dinner, dinner party.
    * como grupo = collectively.
    * crear un grupo = set up + group.
    * debate de grupo = group discussion.
    * debate en grupo = group discussion.
    * división del mercado por grupos de consumidores = market segmentation.
    * empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.
    * empresa de un grupo = operating company.
    * en algunos grupos = in some quarters.
    * en algunos grupos de la población = in some quarters.
    * enano del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * entrevista en grupo = group interview.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formar un grupo = set up + group.
    * formar un grupo de presión = form + lobby.
    * G7 (Grupo de los Siete), el = G7 (Group of Seven), the.
    * gran grupo = constellation.
    * grupo activista = faction group.
    * grupo al Algo que va dirigido = target group.
    * grupo alimenticio = food group.
    * grupo asesor = advisory group.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * grupo chantajista = extortion racket.
    * grupo cívico = civic group.
    * grupo consultivo = advisory group.
    * grupo coordinador = steering group.
    * grupo cultural = cultural group.
    * grupo de acción ciudadana = citizen action group, community action group.
    * grupo de amigos = clan of friends.
    * grupo de amigos y conocidos = social network.
    * grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.
    * grupo de autoayuda = self-help group, self-help group, self-help group.
    * grupo de cantantes femenino = girl band.
    * grupo de cantantes masculino = boy band.
    * grupo de ciudadanos desatentido = unserved, the.
    * grupo de consumidores = consumer group.
    * grupo de control = control group.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * grupo de debate = discussion group, focus group, discussion list, electronic forum, panel discussion, panel debate.
    * grupo de dirección = management.
    * grupo de discusión = discussion group.
    * grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].
    * grupo de empresas = business group.
    * grupo de estanterías = stack, stack range.
    * grupo de estudio = study circle.
    * grupo de expertos = cadre, brains trust, group of experts, network, think tank.
    * grupo defensor = interest group.
    * grupo de gestión = management team.
    * grupo de incondicionales, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo de intelectuales = intelligentsia.
    * grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.
    * grupo de investigación = research group.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * grupo de la oposición = opposition group.
    * grupo de los 20 = G-20.
    * grupo de los ocho, el = G8, the.
    * grupo del proyecto = project team.
    * grupo de negociación = bargaining unit.
    * grupo de normalización = standards group.
    * grupo de opinión = focus group.
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * grupo de poder = power group.
    * grupo de presión = lobby group, pressure group, lobbyist.
    * grupo de protección a menores = Shelter group.
    * grupo de protección ciudadana = civic trust group.
    * grupo de recursos = clump.
    * grupo de referencia = reference group.
    * grupo de representantes = focus group.
    * grupo de rock = rock group.
    * grupo de seguidores = fandom.
    * grupo de términos de búsqueda relacionados = search hedge, subject hedge.
    * grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.
    * Grupo de Trabajo de Ingeniería de Internet (IETF) = Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la Asociaci = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * grupo de tres = threesome.
    * grupo de usuarios = user group, users' group, population served.
    * grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.
    * grupo disidente = splinter group, splinter party.
    * grupo dominante = dominant group.
    * grupo eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.
    * grupo electrógeno = electrical generator, power unit, power generator.
    * grupo especial = special interest group.
    * grupo específico = niche.
    * grupo etario = age bracket.
    * grupo étnico = ethnic group, racial group, cultural group.
    * grupo experimental = experimental group.
    * grupo extremista = extremist group.
    * grupo incondicional, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo influyente = force.
    * grupo instrumental = ensemble.
    * grupo integrante = constituent group.
    * grupo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * grupo intérprete = executant body.
    * grupo marginado = deprived group, marginalised group.
    * grupo marginal = disadvantaged community, marginalised group.
    * grupo mayoritario = majority group.
    * grupo mínimo relacionado = minimum zone cohort.
    * grupo minoritario = minority group.
    * grupo mixto = cross-functional team.
    * grupo musical en directo = live band.
    * grupo político = political group.
    * grupo principal de usuarios = primary user group.
    * grupo profesional = occupational group.
    * grupo racial = racial group.
    * grupo racista = hate group.
    * grupo referente = reference group.
    * grupo religioso = denominational body, religious group.
    * grupos = quarters.
    * grupo sanguíneo = blood group, blood type.
    * grupos de diez = tens of.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * grupo social = community group, social group.
    * grupo supervisor = steering group.
    * grupo temáticamente afín = subject-related group.
    * grupo terrorista = terrorist group.
    * más débil del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * obra para grupo instrumental = ensemble work.
    * pensamiento de grupo = groupthink.
    * perfil de grupo = group profile.
    * por grupos = in batches.
    * presión del grupo = peer pressure.
    * relativo a un grupo = group-related.
    * reunión de grupo = group meeting.
    * RLG (Grupo de Bibliotecas de Investigación) = RLG (Research Libraries Group).
    * rodear en grupo = swarm.
    * SDI por grupos = group SDI.
    * sentimiento de grupo = togetherness.
    * sesión de grupo = group session.
    * tarifa de grupo = group rate.
    * técnica de grupo nominal = nominal group technique.
    * terapia de grupo = group therapy.
    * trabajar en grupo = team.
    * trabajar en grupo (con) = team up (with).
    * una grupo impreciso de = a cloud of.
    * un grupo aferrado de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un grupo de = a set of, a bunch of, a crop of, a pool of, a cadre of, a cluster of, a galaxy of, a clutch of, a company of.
    * un grupo de gente variada = a cast of people.
    * un grupo incondicional de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo variado de = a collection of.
    * violación en grupo = gang rape.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de personas) group; (de empresas, países) group; (de árboles) clump
    los grupos sociales marginados marginalized social groups
    un grupo de casas a group o cluster of houses
    se dividieron en grupos de (a) cuatro they split into groups of four
    en grupo ‹salir/trabajar› in a group/in groups
    2 ( Mús) tb
    grupo musical group, band
    3 ( Quím) group
    Compuestos:
    support group
    advisory group, think tank
    construction consortium
    control group
    consortium
    hotel chain
    ● grupo de interés or presión
    pressure group
    jazz group o band
    internet forum
    press consortium
    ( Pol) Group of Eight
    newsgroup
    working party
    user group
    generator
    ● grupo fónico/tónico
    phonic/tonic group
    target group
    ( frml); peer group
    parliamentary group
    blood group
    tener el grupo sanguíneo Rh or Rhesus positivo/negativo to be Rhesus positive/negative
    ¿qué grupo sanguíneo tiene? what blood group are you?
    tengo el grupo sanguíneo A/AB/B positivo/negativo I'm blood group A/AB/B positive/negative
    control group
    B ( Chi arg) (mentira) lie; (engaño) trick
    * * *

     

    grupo sustantivo masculino
    a) (de personas, empresas, países) group;

    ( de árboles) clump;

    grupos sociales social groups;
    de grupo ‹terapia/trabajo› group ( before n);
    en grupo ‹salir/trabajar› in a group/in groups
    b) (Mús) tb


    grupo sustantivo masculino
    1 g roup: no queda sangre del groupo B+, there is no B+ blood left
    tiene mi grupo sanguíneo, he has the same blood group as I do
    grupo de trabajo, working party
    terapia de grupo, group therapy
    2 Mús group, band
    3 Elec grupo electrógeno, power generator o electric generating set
    ' grupo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aparato
    - argot
    - beatería
    - cada
    - clase
    - comando
    - componente
    - conjunta
    - conjunto
    - contra
    - cuerpo
    - delirio
    - descolgarse
    - desfilar
    - dirigirse
    - disolver
    - disolverse
    - dispersar
    - dispersarse
    - ecologista
    - entrada
    - equipo
    - escolta
    - estamento
    - exclusión
    - figurar
    - fuerza
    - GEO
    - guerrilla
    - incorporarse
    - iniciar
    - jerga
    - junta
    - manifestarse
    - maquinaria
    - mayoría
    - minoritaria
    - minoritario
    - ninguna
    - ninguno
    - núcleo
    - nutrido-a
    - panel
    - paquete
    - patrulla
    - pertenencia
    - pesar
    - piña
    - readmitir
    - relevo
    English:
    address
    - army
    - back
    - band
    - bear down on
    - blood group
    - body
    - bracket
    - breakaway
    - bunch
    - camp
    - chain gang
    - class
    - cliquey
    - clump
    - cluster
    - collection
    - collective
    - combine
    - come under
    - commission
    - contra
    - crowd
    - demo
    - dense
    - drummer
    - dynamics
    - fervent
    - flagship
    - flock
    - foursome
    - fraternity
    - frenzied
    - gather
    - group
    - guard
    - heterogeneous
    - homogeneous
    - huddle
    - inbred
    - Ivy League
    - join
    - knot
    - lead
    - leadership
    - lobby
    - make up
    - manager
    - manageress
    - motley
    * * *
    grupo nm
    1. [conjunto] group;
    [de árboles] cluster;
    grupo (de empresas) (corporate) group;
    en grupo in a group;
    el grupo de cabeza [en carrera] the leading group
    Pol grupo de contacto contact group; Econ grupo de control control group; Informát grupo de discusión discussion group;
    grupo ecologista environmental group;
    grupo de edad age group;
    grupo empresarial (business) group o combine;
    grupo de estudio study group;
    Pol grupo mixto = independent MPs and MPs from minor parties in Spanish parliament; Informát grupo de noticias newsgroup;
    grupo parlamentario parliamentary group;
    Pol grupo de presión pressure group, lobby;
    grupo de riesgo group at risk;
    UE Grupo de Sabios Committee of Wise Men;
    grupo sanguíneo blood group;
    Informát grupo de usuarios user group
    2. [de músicos] group, band
    3. Tec unit, set
    Elec grupo electrógeno generator
    4. Quím group
    5. Ling grupo consonántico consonant cluster;
    grupo fónico phonic group;
    grupo nominal noun phrase;
    grupo de palabras word group;
    grupo vocálico vowel cluster
    * * *
    m group;
    en grupos in groups
    * * *
    grupo nm
    : group
    * * *
    grupo n group

    Spanish-English dictionary > grupo

  • 13 rechazo

    m.
    1 rejection.
    mostró su rechazo he made his disapproval clear
    rechazo a hacer algo refusal to do something
    2 denial.
    4 rejected product, cull, rejected material.
    5 back stroke.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: rechazar.
    * * *
    1 rejection, refusal
    2 MEDICINA rejection
    3 (negativa) denial, rejection
    \
    de rechazo on the rebound 2 (bala) as it ricocheted 3 (uso figurado) indirectly, as a consequence
    * * *
    noun m.
    rejection, refusal
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=negativa) refusal

    rechazo frontal — [de propuesta] outright rejection; [de oferta] flat refusal

    2) (Med) rejection
    3) (=rebote) bounce, rebound
    4) (=desaire) rebuff
    5) [de fusil] recoil
    * * *
    masculino (de invitación, individuo, órgano) rejection; (de moción, enmienda) defeat
    * * *
    = rejection, dismissal, condemnation, denial, disapproval, renunciation, revulsion, defeat, disavowal, move away from, repudiation, block, thumbs down, deprecation, denouncement, denunciation, push factor, pushback.
    Ex. Informative abstracts both aid in the assessment of document relevance and selection or rejection.
    Ex. One possible result may be the dismissal of reference books, perhaps even libraries, as legitimate sources of information.
    Ex. This article critically examines Blaise Cronin's condemnation of social responsibility in librarianship.
    Ex. The obvious alternative would be denial of access to scholarly literature.
    Ex. A reference librarian must maintain a pleasant expression (rather than a scowl that is easily read as disapproval of present company).
    Ex. This approach is characterised by the renunciation of attempts to generate the wording of index entries algorithmically.
    Ex. As part of the worldwide revulsion against the fierce crackdown of peaceful dissidents now occurring in Cuba, the U.S. Congress has voted 414-0 to condemn the Cuban government for raiding 22 libraries.
    Ex. Indeed, in larger libraries, there are those who regard a referral as tantamount to an admission of defeat.
    Ex. Nevertheless, it is suggested that Marx's disavowal of religion as a force for instituting a universal class was premature.
    Ex. This is a radical move away from the accepted principle of using the actual item as the primary source of cataloguing data.
    Ex. These elite books are distinguished by their visible repudiation of mass culture and commercialism.
    Ex. Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.
    Ex. The article 'Apple Macintosh: thumbs up? thumbs down?' considers whether online searchers should use Apple Macintosh machines.
    Ex. It uses humor rather than witticisms, and self-deprecation rather than deprecation of the professional field.
    Ex. The second document is a denouncement of slavery by Greenwich, who mobilizes the best tradition of scriptural exegesis to make his case.
    Ex. These denunciations make libraries look both sanctimonious and hypocritical for trying to save the world when they have failed to put ther own house in order.
    Ex. Unsurprisingly such misuse is triggered by push factors, such as fear of failure, and also pull factors, such as ease of use and the ubiquitous cut and paste.
    Ex. The public pushback about the new policy is astounding due to the fact folks were previously so apathetic about the old policy.
    ----
    * Algo que produce rechazo = turn-off.
    * comportamiento de rechazo = avoidance behaviour.
    * factor de rechazo = push factor.
    * rechazo a la lectura = aliteracy.
    * rechazo total = bold statement against.
    * * *
    masculino (de invitación, individuo, órgano) rejection; (de moción, enmienda) defeat
    * * *
    = rejection, dismissal, condemnation, denial, disapproval, renunciation, revulsion, defeat, disavowal, move away from, repudiation, block, thumbs down, deprecation, denouncement, denunciation, push factor, pushback.

    Ex: Informative abstracts both aid in the assessment of document relevance and selection or rejection.

    Ex: One possible result may be the dismissal of reference books, perhaps even libraries, as legitimate sources of information.
    Ex: This article critically examines Blaise Cronin's condemnation of social responsibility in librarianship.
    Ex: The obvious alternative would be denial of access to scholarly literature.
    Ex: A reference librarian must maintain a pleasant expression (rather than a scowl that is easily read as disapproval of present company).
    Ex: This approach is characterised by the renunciation of attempts to generate the wording of index entries algorithmically.
    Ex: As part of the worldwide revulsion against the fierce crackdown of peaceful dissidents now occurring in Cuba, the U.S. Congress has voted 414-0 to condemn the Cuban government for raiding 22 libraries.
    Ex: Indeed, in larger libraries, there are those who regard a referral as tantamount to an admission of defeat.
    Ex: Nevertheless, it is suggested that Marx's disavowal of religion as a force for instituting a universal class was premature.
    Ex: This is a radical move away from the accepted principle of using the actual item as the primary source of cataloguing data.
    Ex: These elite books are distinguished by their visible repudiation of mass culture and commercialism.
    Ex: Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.
    Ex: The article 'Apple Macintosh: thumbs up? thumbs down?' considers whether online searchers should use Apple Macintosh machines.
    Ex: It uses humor rather than witticisms, and self-deprecation rather than deprecation of the professional field.
    Ex: The second document is a denouncement of slavery by Greenwich, who mobilizes the best tradition of scriptural exegesis to make his case.
    Ex: These denunciations make libraries look both sanctimonious and hypocritical for trying to save the world when they have failed to put ther own house in order.
    Ex: Unsurprisingly such misuse is triggered by push factors, such as fear of failure, and also pull factors, such as ease of use and the ubiquitous cut and paste.
    Ex: The public pushback about the new policy is astounding due to the fact folks were previously so apathetic about the old policy.
    * Algo que produce rechazo = turn-off.
    * comportamiento de rechazo = avoidance behaviour.
    * factor de rechazo = push factor.
    * rechazo a la lectura = aliteracy.
    * rechazo total = bold statement against.

    * * *
    1 (de una oferta, propuesta) rejection; (de una moción, enmienda) defeat
    2 ( Med) (de un órgano) rejection
    * * *

     

    Del verbo rechazar: ( conjugate rechazar)

    rechazo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    rechazó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    rechazar    
    rechazo
    rechazar ( conjugate rechazar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹invitación/propuesta/individuo› to reject;

    ‹moción/enmienda› to defeat;
    ‹oferta/trabajo› to turn down
    b) ‹ataque/enemigo› to repel, repulse

    c) (Med) ‹ órgano› to reject

    rechazo sustantivo masculino (de invitación, individuo, órgano) rejection;
    (de moción, enmienda) defeat
    rechazar verbo transitivo
    1 (una idea, un plan, a una persona) to reject
    (oferta, contrato) to turn down
    2 Med (un órgano) to reject
    3 Mil to repel
    rechazo sustantivo masculino
    1 (de una idea, petición, un plan) rejection
    2 (desprecio) contempt: mostraron su rechazo al racismo, they showed their contempt for racism
    ' rechazo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    anda
    - constancia
    - marginación
    - para
    - reaccionar
    - silbar
    - andar
    - enérgico
    - ni
    - repulsa
    English:
    averse
    - defeat
    - deny
    - dismissal
    - refusal
    - rejection
    - repudiation
    - snub
    - straight
    - strenuous
    - vigorous
    - will
    - denial
    - renunciation
    * * *
    1. [no aceptación] rejection;
    [hacia una ley, un político] disapproval;
    mostró su rechazo he made his disapproval clear;
    los ciudadanos mostraron su rechazo al racismo the people made plain their rejection of racism;
    rechazo a hacer algo refusal to do sth;
    provocar el rechazo de alguien to meet with sb's disapproval
    rechazo social social rejection
    2. [negación] denial
    3. Dep clearance
    * * *
    m rejection
    * * *
    : rejection, refusal
    * * *
    rechazo n rejection

    Spanish-English dictionary > rechazo

  • 14 suponer

    v.
    1 to suppose.
    supongo que ya habrán llegado I suppose o expect (that) they'll have arrived by now
    supongo que sí/no I suppose o expect so/not
    supongamos que me niego supposing I refuse
    es de suponer que se disculparán I would expect them to apologize
    suponiendo que… supposing o assuming that…
    María supone bien Mary supposes well.
    Esto supone un riesgo This entails a risk.
    2 to involve, to entail.
    Supone muchos peligros It involves much danger.
    3 to mean.
    4 to imagine.
    lo suponía I guessed as much
    te suponía mayor I thought you were older
    5 to be important.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ PONER], like link=poner poner (pp supuesto,-a)
    1 (gen) to suppose, assume
    2 (significar) to mean
    3 (conllevar) to mean, entail, require
    4 (adivinar) to guess; (imaginar) to imagine, think
    5 (creer) to think
    1 familiar supposition
    \
    como es de suponer as is to be expected
    ser de suponer to be likely
    * * *
    verb
    1) to suppose, presume
    * * *
    ( pp supuesto)
    1. VT
    1) (=imaginar) to imagine

    estoy muy satisfecho, como puedes suponer — I'm very pleased, as you can imagine

    ya puedes suponer lo que pasó — you can guess o imagine what happened

    le pagaron, supongamos, diez millones — he was paid, say, ten million

    • es de suponer, es de suponer que haya protestas — I would imagine there will be protests, presumably there will be protests

    están muy apenados, como es de suponer — they are very upset, as you would expect

    como era de suponer, llegaron tarde — as was to be expected, they arrived late

    2)

    • suponer que — [intentando adivinar] to imagine that, suppose that, guess that *; [como hipótesis] to suppose that; [dando por sentado] to assume that, presume that

    supongo que necesitaréis unas vacaciones — I imagine o suppose you'll need a holiday, I guess you'll need a holiday *

    sí, supongo que tienes razón — yes, I suppose you're right, yes, I guess you're right *

    supón que tuvieras mucho dinero, ¿qué harías? — suppose o supposing you had a lot of money, what would you do?

    suponiendo que todo salga según lo previsto — assuming o presuming everything goes according to plan

    • supongo que no, -¿crees que llegará tarde? -no lo sé, supongo que no — "do you think he'll be late?" - "I don't know, I don't suppose so"

    -no será fácil -no, supongo que no — "it won't be easy" - "no, I suppose not"

    • supongo que sí — I suppose so, I imagine so, I guess so *

    3) (=atribuir)
    [con objeto indirecto de persona]

    os suponía informados de este asunto — I assumed o presumed you had been informed about this matter

    le supongo unos 60 años — I would say o guess he's about 60

    se le supone una gran antigüedad — it is thought o believed to be very old

    4) (=implicar) to mean
    2.
    See:
    3.
    SM

    • un suponer, a ver, un suponer, si tú fueras su marido, ¿qué harías? — OK, just supposing you were her husband, what would you do?

    si te ofrecen el puesto, es un suponer, ¿lo aceptarías? — supposing o suppose they were to offer you the job, would you accept?

    supongamos, es solo un suponer, que eso sea verdad — let us suppose, for the sake of argument, that it is true

    * * *
    I

    si quebraran, es un suponer,... — suppose o supposing they were to go bankrupt,...

    si, es un suponer, perdieses tu trabajo... — just supposing for the sake of argument that you were to lose your job

    II
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( tomar como hipótesis) to suppose, assume

    supongamos que lo que dice es cierto — let's suppose o assume what he says is true

    supongamos que los dos ángulos son iguales — let us suppose o assume that both angles are equal

    b) ( imaginar)

    nada hacía suponer que... — there was nothing to suggest that...

    ¿va a venir hoy? - supongo que sí — is she coming today? - I should think so o I imagine so

    es de suponer que se lo habrán dicho — presumably o I should think o I would imagine he's been told

    c) ( atribuir) (+ me/te/le etc)

    le suponía más edad — I imagined o thought he was older

    se le suponía un valor aproximado de... — it was thought to be worth approximately...

    2) (significar, implicar) to mean

    eso supondría tener que empezar desde el principio — that would mean having to start from the beginning again; (+ me/te/le etc)

    * * *
    = assume, entail, guess, involve, mean, presume, surmise, suppose, gather, account for.
    Ex. The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.
    Ex. Secondly, the admission of rules incompatible with the general ideology adopted inevitably entails subsequent remedial revision.
    Ex. 'Anything wrong?' 'Oh, I'm okay, I guess,' volunteered Datto cautiously.
    Ex. Generating author indexes or catalogues involves creating headings from author's names, that is the names of persons or organisations.
    Ex. These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.
    Ex. We presumed this principle of organization in the case of searching the public library for a document about programmed instruction.
    Ex. One is to read a portion of the newspaper and to surmise under what headings it has been indexed.
    Ex. Suppose we are searching for information about the subject 'The use of television in remedial teaching in primary schools'.
    Ex. The script was improvised on an outline which, I gathered, was the result of three sessions' hard talking to decide whose ideas out of the many suggested should be used.
    Ex. The major four categories of physical forms outlined so far account for most of the published indexes and catalogues.
    ----
    * como cabría suponer = as might be expected.
    * es de suponer que = presumably.
    * gastos que no suponen un gran desembolso de dinero = out-of-pocket costs.
    * no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no suponer nada = add up to + nothing.
    * que supone = associated with.
    * según cabe suponer = presumably, supposedly.
    * según sabe suponer = allegedly.
    * suponer la diferencia entre el éxito o el fracaso = make or break.
    * suponer peligro = hold + danger.
    * suponerse que + Subjuntivo = be alleged + Infinitivo.
    * suponer una avance sobre = move + one away from.
    * suponer una diferencia sobre = move + one away from.
    * suponer un avance = be a step forward.
    * suponer un cambio = bring about + change.
    * supongo que = I daresay that.
    * * *
    I

    si quebraran, es un suponer,... — suppose o supposing they were to go bankrupt,...

    si, es un suponer, perdieses tu trabajo... — just supposing for the sake of argument that you were to lose your job

    II
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( tomar como hipótesis) to suppose, assume

    supongamos que lo que dice es cierto — let's suppose o assume what he says is true

    supongamos que los dos ángulos son iguales — let us suppose o assume that both angles are equal

    b) ( imaginar)

    nada hacía suponer que... — there was nothing to suggest that...

    ¿va a venir hoy? - supongo que sí — is she coming today? - I should think so o I imagine so

    es de suponer que se lo habrán dicho — presumably o I should think o I would imagine he's been told

    c) ( atribuir) (+ me/te/le etc)

    le suponía más edad — I imagined o thought he was older

    se le suponía un valor aproximado de... — it was thought to be worth approximately...

    2) (significar, implicar) to mean

    eso supondría tener que empezar desde el principio — that would mean having to start from the beginning again; (+ me/te/le etc)

    * * *
    = assume, entail, guess, involve, mean, presume, surmise, suppose, gather, account for.

    Ex: The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.

    Ex: Secondly, the admission of rules incompatible with the general ideology adopted inevitably entails subsequent remedial revision.
    Ex: 'Anything wrong?' 'Oh, I'm okay, I guess,' volunteered Datto cautiously.
    Ex: Generating author indexes or catalogues involves creating headings from author's names, that is the names of persons or organisations.
    Ex: These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.
    Ex: We presumed this principle of organization in the case of searching the public library for a document about programmed instruction.
    Ex: One is to read a portion of the newspaper and to surmise under what headings it has been indexed.
    Ex: Suppose we are searching for information about the subject 'The use of television in remedial teaching in primary schools'.
    Ex: The script was improvised on an outline which, I gathered, was the result of three sessions' hard talking to decide whose ideas out of the many suggested should be used.
    Ex: The major four categories of physical forms outlined so far account for most of the published indexes and catalogues.
    * como cabría suponer = as might be expected.
    * es de suponer que = presumably.
    * gastos que no suponen un gran desembolso de dinero = out-of-pocket costs.
    * no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no suponer nada = add up to + nothing.
    * que supone = associated with.
    * según cabe suponer = presumably, supposedly.
    * según sabe suponer = allegedly.
    * suponer la diferencia entre el éxito o el fracaso = make or break.
    * suponer peligro = hold + danger.
    * suponerse que + Subjuntivo = be alleged + Infinitivo.
    * suponer una avance sobre = move + one away from.
    * suponer una diferencia sobre = move + one away from.
    * suponer un avance = be a step forward.
    * suponer un cambio = bring about + change.
    * supongo que = I daresay that.

    * * *
    imagínate que te toca la lotería, es un suponer, ¿qué harías? imagine you won the lottery, just supposing, what would you do?
    si la empresa quebrara, es un suponer, … just suppose o just supposing the company were to go bankrupt, …, if the company were to go bankrupt, just for the sake of argument, …
    suponer2 [ E22 ]
    vt
    A
    supongamos que lo que dice es cierto let's suppose o assume what he says is true
    suponiendo que todo salga como está previsto assuming everything goes according to plan
    supongamos que los dos ángulos son iguales let us suppose o assume that both angles are equal
    ni aun suponiendo que fuera verdad, no tiene derecho a hablar así even supposing it were true, he has no right to talk like that
    2
    (imaginar): supuse que ibas a comprarlo tú I thought o presumed o assumed you were going to buy it
    supongo que tienes razón I suppose you're right
    nada hacía suponer que ocurriría una cosa así there was nothing to suggest o there was no reason to suppose that something like that would happen
    ¿va a venir hoy? — supongo que sí is she coming today? — I should think so o I imagine so
    es de suponer que se lo habrán dicho presumably o I should think o I would assume o I would imagine he's been told
    era de suponer que se lo iban a dar it was to be expected that they would give it to him
    se supone que tendría que empezar a las nueve it's supposed to start at nine
    ¿dónde se supone que vamos? where are we supposed o meant to be going?
    3 (atribuir) (+ me/te/le etc):
    le suponía más edad I imagined o thought he was older
    se le suponen propiedades medicinales it is believed o held to have medicinal qualities
    al cuadro se le suponía un valor aproximado de … the painting was thought to be worth approximately …
    B (significar, implicar) to mean
    el proyecto supondrá una inversión de cinco millones de dólares the project will mean an investment of five million dollars
    la preparación del congreso supuso cinco meses de trabajo the preparation for the convention involved o took five months' work
    eso supondría tener que empezar desde el principio that would mean having to start from the beginning again
    (+ me/te/le etc): ese negocio no le supuso ningún beneficio that deal didn't make him any profit
    no me supone problema ninguno/ninguna molestia it's no trouble at all
    el traslado nos va a suponer muchos inconvenientes the move will cause us a great deal of inconvenience, the move will mean o will involve a great deal of inconvenience
    * * *

     

    suponer ( conjugate suponer) verbo transitivo
    1

    ◊ supongamos que lo que dice es cierto let's suppose o assume what he says is true;

    suponiendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes OK
    b) ( imaginar):


    ¿va a venir hoy? — supongo que sí is she coming today? — I should think so o I suppose so;
    es de suponer que se lo habrán dicho presumably o I should think he's been told;
    se supone que empieza a las nueve it's supposed to start at nine
    2 (significar, implicar) to mean;

    suponer verbo transitivo
    1 (creer, imaginar) to suppose: supongamos que..., let's assume o suppose that...
    supongo que me llamarán, I presume they're going to phone me
    supongo que sí, I suppose so
    se supone que acaba a las seis, it's supposed to finish at six
    se supone que él es el entendido, he's supposed to be the expert
    te suponía en París, I thought you were in Paris
    2 (conllevar, significar) to mean, involve: no supone ningún riesgo, it doesn't involve any risk
    (la amistad, el aprecio) to mean ➣ Ver nota en mean
    ♦ Locuciones: ser de suponer: es de suponer que se lo han contado, presumably o I would imagine she's been told
    ser un suponer, to be conjecture
    ' suponer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    condicionamiento
    - creer
    - esperar
    - hacer
    - imaginar
    - imaginarse
    - jugar
    - significar
    - asumir
    - supuse
    English:
    assume
    - entail
    - expect
    - guess
    - imagine
    - imply
    - involve
    - mean
    - pose
    - presumably
    - presume
    - suppose
    - surmise
    - take
    - say
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    imagino que nos invitarán – eso es un suponer I imagine they'll invite us – that's pure conjecture o you can't say for sure;
    imagina, y es un suponer, que te quedas sin dinero imagine, for the sake of argument, that you didn't have any money
    ♦ vt
    1. [creer, presuponer] to suppose;
    supongo que ya habrán llegado I suppose o expect (that) they'll have arrived by now;
    supongo que tienes razón I suppose o guess you're right;
    supongo que sí/no I suppose o expect so/not;
    supongamos que me niego supposing I refuse;
    es de suponer que se disculparán I would expect them to apologize;
    es de suponer una nueva bajada de los tipos de interés a further drop in interest rates seems likely, we can expect a further drop in interest rates;
    al final lo perdí todo – era de suponer in the end I lost everything – it was only to be expected o that's hardly surprising;
    nada hacía suponer que… there was nothing to suggest that…;
    todo hacía suponer que se llegaría a un acuerdo everything pointed to an agreement;
    suponiendo que… supposing o assuming that…;
    suponiendo que no te moleste as long as o assuming it doesn't bother you
    2. [implicar] to involve, to entail;
    una dieta así supone mucho sacrificio a diet like that involves a lot of sacrifices;
    esto nos supone un cambio de planes this involves o entails o means a change of plan for us;
    no me supuso ningún esfuerzo it was no trouble (for me)
    3. [significar] to mean;
    supone mucho para mí it means a lot to me;
    este descubrimiento supone un importante avance para la ciencia this discovery constitutes a major advance for science
    4. [conjeturar] to imagine;
    lo suponía I guessed as much;
    te suponía mayor I thought you were older
    * * *
    <part supuesto> v/t suppose, assume;
    supongamos que … let’s suppose o assume that …;
    supongo que sí I suppose so
    * * *
    suponer {60} vt
    1) presumir: to suppose, to assume
    supongo que sí: I guess so, I suppose so
    se supone que van a llegar mañana: they're supposed to arrive tomorrow
    2) : to imply, to suggest
    3) : to involve, to entail
    el éxito supone mucho trabajo: success involves a lot of work
    * * *
    1. (creer) to suppose / to expect
    2. (significar) to mean [pt. & pp. meant]
    3. (implicar, conllevar) to involve / to be
    supongamos que... supposing...

    Spanish-English dictionary > suponer

  • 15 ἵνα

    ἵνα (Hom.+) conjunction, the use of which increased considerably in H. Gk. as compared w. earlier times because it came to be used periphrastically for the inf. and impv. B-D-F §369; 379; 388–94 al.; Mlt. index; Rob. index.
    ① marker to denote purpose, aim, or goal, in order that, that, final sense
    ⓐ w. subjunctive, not only after a primary tense, but also (in accordance w. Hellenistic usage) after a secondary tense (B-D-F §369, 1; Rob. 983; Mlt-Turner 100–102; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graecorum finalibus 1913, 15ff):
    α. after a present tense Mk 4:21; 7:9; Lk 6:34; 8:16; J 3:15; 5:34; 6:30; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 16:30; Ro 1:11; 3:19; 11:25; 1 Cor 9:12; Gal 6:13; Phil 3:8; Hb 5:1; 6:12; 1J 1:3 and oft.
    β. after a perfect Mt 1:22; 21:4; J 5:23, 36; 6:38; 12:40, 46; 14:29; 16:1, 4; 17:4; 1 Cor 9:22b al.
    γ. after a pres. or aor. impv. Mt 7:1; 14:15; 17:27; 23:26; Mk 11:25; J 4:15; 5:14; 10:38; 1 Cor 7:5; 11:34; 1 Ti 4:15; Tit 3:13. Likew. after the hortatory subj. in the first pers. pl. Mk 1:38; Lk 20:14; J 11:16; Hb 4:16.
    δ. after a fut. Lk 16:4; 18:5; J 5:20; 14:3, 13, 16; 1 Cor 15:28; Phil 1:26.
    ε. after a secondary tense: impf. Mk 3:2; 6:41; 8:6; Lk 6:7; 18:15 al.—Plpf. J 4:8.—Aor. Mt 19:13; Mk 3:14; 11:28; 14:10; Lk 19:4, 15; J 7:32; 12:9; Ro 7:4; 2 Cor 8:9; Hb 2:14; 11:35; 1J 3:5.
    ⓑ w. fut. ind. (LXX e.g. Sus 28; En 15:5; TestSol 13:7; SIG 888, 87ff; OGI 665, 35; POxy 299; 1071, 5 ἵνα ποιήσουσιν καὶ πέμψουσιν; Gen 16:2 [Swete; ARahlfs, Genesis 1926 v.l.] al.; Just., D. 115, 6), beside which the aor. subj. is usu. found in the mss. (B-D-F §369, 2; Rob. 984; Mlt-Turner 100) ἵνα σταυρώσουσιν Mk 15:20 v.l. ἵνα ἐρεῖ σοι Lk 14:10. ἵνα δώσουσιν 20:10. ἵνα θεωρήσουσιν J 7:3. ἵνα δώσει 17:2 v.l.; Rv 8:3. ἐπισκιάσει Ac 5:15 v.l.; ξυρήσονται 21:24. κερδανῶ 1 Cor 9:21 v.l.; καυθήσομαι 13:3 v.l. καταδουλώσουσιν Gal 2:4. κερδηθήσονται 1 Pt 3:1. ἵνα … δηλώσεις Hv 3, 8, 10. The fut. ind. is also used oft. when ἵνα has no final mng., esp. in Rv: 1 Cor 9:18 (ἵνα as answer, as Epict. 4, 1, 99); Rv 6:4, 11; 9:4, 5, 20; 13:12; 14:13; 22:14. Occasionally the fut. ind. and aor. subj. are found in the same sentence Rv 3:9; cp. also Phil 2:10f v.l. (on this interchange s. Reinhold 106; JVogeser, Zur Sprache d. griech. Heiligenlegenden, diss. Munich 1907, 34f; Knuenz, op. cit. 23ff; 39; Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 7 ἵνα μὴ παρῶ … μηδὲ ἕξουσιν; POxy 1068, 5 ἵνα διαπέμψεται, ἵνα δυνηθῶ …).—On the interchange of pres. subj. and fut. ind. in J 15:8 s. GLee, Biblica 51, ’70, 239f.
    ⓒ ἵνα is found w. the pres. ind. only in passages where the subj. is also attested in the mss.; its presence is prob. due to corruption of the text (B-D-F §369, 6; Rob. 984f; Mlt-Turner 100f. But see the clear instance in PAnt III, 188, 15: ἵνα μή ἐσμεν, and cp. BGU 1081, 3 ἐχάρην, ἵνα σὲ ἀσπάζομαι; TestNapht 8:2; PassPtPl 60 [Aa I, 170, 8] ἵνα κατευθύνει; AcPtPl 58 [Aa I, 203, 17]; AcPlTh 11 [Aa I, 243, 11 v.l.]). φυσιοῦσθε 1 Cor 4:6 and ζηλοῦτε Gal 4:17 could be subj. (B-D-F §91; Rob. 984). But Gal 6:12 v.l. διώκονται; Tit 2:4 v.l. σωφρονίζουσιν; J 5:20 v.l. θαυμάζετε; 17:3 v.l. γινώσκουσιν; 1J 5:20 v.l. γινώσκομεν; Rv 12:6 v.l. τρέφουσιν; 13:17 v.l. δύναται; ἵνα σύνετε B 6:5 v.l. (in text συνιῆτε; v.l. συνῆτε); ἵνα … ᾂδετε IEph 4:2 (Lghtf. ᾂδητε); μετέχετε ibid. (v.l. μετέχητε). διατάσσομαι ITr 3:3 (v.l. διατάσσωμαι). βλασφημεῖται 8:2 v.l.
    ⓓ The opt. after ἵνα is not used in our lit. (B-D-F §369, 1; 386, 3; Rob. 983). Mk 12:2 v.l. ἵνα λάβοι (for λάβῃ). Eph 1:17 ἵνα δῴη (v.l. δῷ) is certainly subj., and δώῃ is the correct rdg. (B-D-F §95, 2; Mlt. 196f). Likew. ἵνα παραδοῖ J 13:2.
    ⓔ after a demonstrative (Epict. 2, 5, 16 ἐν τούτῳ … ἵνα) εἰς τοῦτο for this (purpose, namely) that J 18:37; 1J 3:8; Ro 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9; 1 Pt 3:9; 4:6; B 5:1, 11; 14:5. εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very purpose, that Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. διὰ τοῦτο for this reason … that (Himerius, Or. 14, 3) 2 Cor 13:10; Phlm 15; 1 Ti 1:16; the ἵνα clause can also precede διὰ τοῦτο J 1:31. τούτου χάριν … ἵνα for this reason … that Tit 1:5.
    ⓕ ἵνα with ‘I should like to say this’ supplied is found also in earlier Gk (Soph. Ph. 989) Mk 2:10 (B-D-F §470, 3. Differently [a virtual impv.] DSharp, ET 38, 1927, 427f). The necessary supplement precedes in ἵνα δείξῃ (he said this), in order to show B 7:5.—Cp. J 15:13.
    ② marker of objective, that. Very oft. the final mng. is greatly weakened or disappears altogether. In this case the ἵνα-constr. serves as a substitute for an inf. that supplements a verb, or an acc. w. inf. (cp. Od. 3, 327 and a spurious document in Demosth. 18, 155. Later very common, also in ins, pap [Rdm.2 191ff]; LXX).
    ⓐ after verbs w. the sense
    α. ‘wish, desire, strive’ (PGiss 17, 5 [II A.D.] ἠγωνίασα … ἵνα ἀκούσω; BGU 1081, 3 ἐχάρην, ἵνα σὲ ἀσπάζομαι) θέλειν ἵνα (TestAbr A 19, 101, 9 [Stone p. 50]) Mt 7:12; Mk 9:30; 10:35; Lk 6:31; J 17:24; 1 Cor 14:5. βουλεύεσθαι J 11:53; 12:10. συμβουλεύεσθαι Mt 26:4. συντίθεσθαι J 9:22. ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι joyfully strive after 8:56 (s. ἀγαλλιάω). ζητεῖν 1 Cor 4:2; 14:12; AcPlCor 2:8. ζηλοῦν 14:1. εὔχεσθαι ‘wish’ IPhld 6:3.
    β. ‘take care, be ashamed, be afraid’ φυλάσσεσθαι 2 Pt 3:17. προσέχειν take care that B 16:8. βλέπειν see to it, that 1 Cor 16:10.
    γ. ‘request, demand’: δεῖσθαι request (Dionys. Hal. 4, 12, 1; Lucian, Dom. 9; Jos., Ant. 6, 321; 12, 125 al.) Lk 9:40; 21:36; 22:32; B 12:7; Pol 6:2; Hv 3, 1, 2; Hs 5, 4, 1. ἐρωτᾶν request (s. ἐρωτάω 2) Mk 7:26; Lk 7:36; 16:27; J 4:47; 17:15 al. (JEarwaker, ET 75, ’64, 316f so interprets the third ἵνα in 17:21). παρακαλεῖν request, exhort (EpArist 318; 321, Jos., Ant. 14, 168) Mt 14:36; Mk 5:18; 6:56; 7:32; 8:22; Lk 8:32; 1 Cor 1:10 al. αἰτεῖσθαι Col 1:9 (Just., D. 30, 2 αἰτοῦμεν). προσεύχεσθαι Mt 24:20; 26:41; Mk 14:35; Lk 22:46; 1 Cor 14:13 al. εὔχεσθαι pray (s. εὔχομαι 1 end) Hs 5, 2, 10. εὐχαριστεῖν Eph 1:16f. ἀξιοῦν demand, request (CIG 4892, 13 [III A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 22) Hv 4, 1, 3. καταξιοῦν ISm 11:1; IPol 7:2.
    δ. ‘summon, encourage, order’ (Epict, 4, 11, 29; 1 Esdr 8:19; EpArist 46) ἀπαγγέλλειν Mt 28:10. παραγγέλλειν (CIG 4957, 48 [68 A.D.] restored) Mk 6:8. διαμαρτύρεσθαι 1 Ti 5:21. ἐντέλλεσθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 356) Mk 13:34; J 15:17. κηρύσσειν Mk 6:12. διαστέλλεσθαι Mt 16:20; Mk 5:43; 7:36; 9:9. ἐπιτιμᾶν warn Mt 16:20; 20:31; Mk 8:30; 10:48; Lk 18:39. ἐξορκίζειν Mt 26:63. ὁρκίζειν Hs 9, 10, 5. λέγειν order Mt 4:3; 20:21; Mk 3:9; 9:18; Lk 4:3; 10:40; Hv 2, 2, 6. γράφειν write (Jos., Ant. 11, 7; 127) Mk 9:12; 12:19; Lk 20:28. ἀποστέλλειν Ac 16:36.
    ε. ‘cause, bring about’ πείθειν Mt 27:20. ποιεῖν J 11:37; Col 4:16; cp. Rv 3:9; 13:16. τιθέναι appoint J 15:16. ἀγγαρεύειν Mt 27:32; Mk 15:21.
    ζ. ‘permit, grant’ ἀφιέναι Mk 11:16. On J 12:7 s. CBarrett, The Gospel According to St. John2, ’78, 413–14. διδόναι 10:37; Rv 9:5.
    η. συνευδοκεῖν Hs 5, 2, 8.
    ⓑ after impers. expr.: ἀρκετόν (ἐστι) it is sufficient Mt 10:25. λυσιτελεῖ (εἰ … ἢ ἵνα) Lk 17:2. συμφέρει Mt 5:29f; 18:6; J 11:50. ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν it is a matter of little consequence to me 1 Cor 4:3. ἔδει B 5:13. πολλὰ λείπει Hv 3, 1, 9.
    ⓒ after nouns and adjs., esp. when they are parts of fixed expressions:
    α. χρείαν ἔχειν J 2:25; 16:30; 1J 2:27. ἔστιν συνήθεια J 18:39. θέλημά ἐστιν Mt 18:14; J 6:40; 1 Cor 16:12b. βουλὴ ἐγένετο Ac 27:42. ἐντολή (cp. Polyb. 36, 17, 10 νόμος) J 15:12; 11:57; 13:34; Ac 17:15; 2J 6. δέησις Eph 6:19. ἐξουσία Ac 8:19. ἐμὸν βρῶμά ἐστιν J 4:34. τίς ἐστιν ὁ μισθός; ἵνα … 1 Cor 9:18.
    β. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανός Mt 8:8; Lk 7:6. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος J 1:27; cp. Hs 9, 28, 5. S. B-D-F §379; Rob. 996.
    ⓓ after nouns mng. time: χρόνον διδόναι, ἵνα give time Rv 2:21. ἔρχεται ἡ ὥρα the time comes (Aesop, Fab. 242 H. ἡ ἡμέρα, ἵνα=the day on which) J 12:23; 13:1; 16:2, 32. S. B-D-F §382, 1; 393.
    ⓔ ἵνα can also take the place of the explanatory inf. after a demonstrative (B-D-F §394; Rdm.2 192.—Wsd 13:9; Just., D. 14, 2 τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ σύμβολον τῶν ἀζύμων, ἵνα μὴ …) Mk 11:28. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο ἵνα ἔλθῃ (for τὸ ἐλθεῖν τὴν κτλ.) Lk 1:43 (cp. GJs 12:2). τοῦτο προσεύχομαι ἵνα Phil 1:9. cp. 1 Cor 9:18. This is a favorite usage in J: τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ ἵνα πιστεύητε (for τὸ πιστεύειν ὑμᾶς) 6:29; cp. vs. 50. μείζονα ταύτης ἀγάπην οὐδεὶς ἔχει ἵνα … θῇ (for τοῦ θεῖναι) 15:13; cp. 3J 4.—J 6:39; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 4:21; 5:3; 2J 6a. ἐν τούτῳ: ἐν τούτῳ ἐδοξάσθη ὁ πατήρ μου ἵνα … φέρητε (for ἐν τῷ φέρειν ὑμᾶς ἐδοξάσθη) J 15:8; cp. 1J 4:17.—S. also Hs 9, 28, 4, and ποταπὴν ἀγάπην ἵνα 1J 3:1.
    ⓕ ἵνα is used elliptically ἀλλʼ ἵνα but this has happened that, where the verb to be supplied must be inferred fr. the context (Epict. 1, 12, 17): ἀλλʼ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ (sc. ἦλθεν) J 1:8. ἀλλʼ (ἐγένετο ἀπόκρυφον) ἵνα ἔλθῃ εἰς φανερόν but it was hidden that it might be revealed Mk 4:22 (but cp. CCadoux, JTS 42, ’41, 169 n. 3). ἀλλʼ (κρατεῖτέ με) ἵνα πληρωθῶσιν but you are holding me (prisoner), that 14:49. ἀλλʼ (ἐγένετο τυφλὸς) ἵνα φανερωθῇ J 9:3. ἀλλʼ (ἀποθνῄσκει) ἵνα … συναγάγῃ 11:52.—13:18; Hv 3, 8, 10 (cp. 1b above).
    ⓖ ἵνα w. subjunctive as a periphrasis for the impv. (B-D-F §387, 3; Mlt. 178; 210f; 248; Rob. 994; Mlt-Turner 94f; FSlotty, D. Gebr. des Konj. u. Opt. in d. griech. Dialekten I 1915, 35; CCadoux, The Impv. Use of ἵνα in the NT: JTS 42, ’41, 165–73; in reply HMeecham, JTS 43, ’42, 179f, also ET 52, ’40/41, 437; AGeorge, JTS 45, ’44, 56–60. Goodsp., Probs. 57f.—Soph., Oed. Col. 155; Epict. 4, 1, 41, Enchir. 17; PTebt 408, 17 [3 A.D.]; BGU 1079, 20; PFay 112, 12; POxy 299, 5 ἵνʼ εἰδῇς ‘know’; PGM 4, 2135; Tob 8:12 BA; 2 Macc 1:9. ἵνα πρὶν τούτων ἴδητε τὴν ἀπώλειαν τῶν υἱῶν ‘before these events, you shall behold the destruction of your sons’ En 14:6. κύριε, ἵνα γινώσκῃ τὸ σὸν κράτος ὅτι ‘Lord, may you in your majesty know, that …’ TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 35f [Stone pp. 8 and 10]). ἵνα ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ please lay your hands on her Mk 5:23. ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἵνα φοβῆται τ. ἄνδρα the wife is to respect her husband Eph 5:33. Cp. Mt 20:33; Mk 10:51; 1 Cor 7:29; 16:16; 2 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:10. ἵνα ἀναπαήσονται let them rest Rv 14:13. W. θέλω: θέλω ἵνα δῷς Mk 6:25 (=δός Mt 14:8.).—On Mk 2:10 s. 1f above.
    ⓗ ἵνα without a finite verb, which can be supplied fr. the context (Epict. 3, 23, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄνθρωπος, i.e. ἐργάζῃ) ἵνα ἡμεῖς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, αὐτοὶ δὲ εἰς τὴν περιτομήν (i.e. εὐαγγελιζώμεθα and εὐαγγελίζωνται) Gal 2:9. ἵνα κατὰ χάριν (γένηται) Ro 4:16. ἵνα ἄλλοις ἄνεσις (γένηται) 2 Cor 8:13. ἵνα (γένηται) καθὼς γέγραπται 1 Cor 1:31 (B-D-F §481; Rob. 1202f).
    ③ marker serving as substitute for the inf. of result, so that (‘ecbatic’ or consecutive use of ἵνα: B-D-F §391, 5; Mlt. 206–9; Rob. 997–99 and in SCase, Studies in Early Christianity [Porter-Bacon Festschr.] 1928, 51–57; EBlakeney, ET 53, ’41/42, 377f, indicating that the result is considered probable, but not actual. But this distinction is not always strictly observed. Cp. Epict. 1, 24, 3; 25, 15; 27, 8 al.; 2, 2, 16 οὕτω μωρὸς ἦν, ἵνα μὴ ἴδῃ; Vett. Val. 185, 31; 186, 17; 292, 20; Jos., Bell. 6, 107; Just., D. 112, 5; PLond III, 964, 13 p. 212 [II/III A.D.]. Many exx. in AJannaris, An Historical Greek Grammar 1897 §1758 and 1951) ἦν παρακεκαλυμμένον ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἵνα μὴ αἴσθωνται αὐτό it was concealed from them, so that they might not comprehend it Lk 9:45. τίς ἥμαρτεν, ἵνα τυφλὸς γεννηθῇ; Who sinned, so that he was born blind? J 9:2. Cp. 2 Cor 1:17; Gal 5:17; 1 Th 5:4; 1J 1:9; Rv 9:20; 13:13; Hs 7:2; 9, 1, 10.—In many cases purpose and result cannot be clearly differentiated, and hence ἵνα is used for the result that follows according to the purpose of the subj. or of God. As in Semitic and Gr-Rom. thought, purpose and result are identical in declarations of the divine will (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 16, 10 the rule of the Persian king is being overthrown by the deity ἵνα Δαρεῖος … φυγὰς γενόμενος κτλ. Here ἵνα means both ‘in order that’ and ‘so that’): Lk 11:50; J 4:36; 12:40; 19:28; Ro 3:19; 5:20; 7:13; 8:17; 11:31f al. (ESutcliffe, Effect or Purpose, Biblica 35, ’54, 320–27). The formula ἵνα πληρωθῇ is so to be understood, since the fulfillment is acc. to God’s plan of salvation: Mt 1:22; 2:15; 4:14; 12:17; 21:4; 26:56; J 12:38; 17:12; 19:24, 36.—The ἵνα of Mk 4:12=Lk 8:10, so much in dispute, is prob. to be taken as final (w. AvVeldhuizen, NTS 8, 1925, 129–33; 10, 1927, 42–44; HWindisch, ZNW 26, 1927, 203–9; JGnilka, Die Verstockung Israels ’61, 45–48; B-D-F §369, 2 [here, and B-D-R p. 386f n. 2, the lit. on ‘causal’ ἵνα, which is allowed at least for Rv 22:14 and perh. 14:13, where P47 has ὅτι; see 2g]. S. also FLaCava, Scuola Cattol. 65, ’37, 301–4; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 211–16; ISluiter, Causal ἵνα, Sound Greek: Glotta 70, ’92, 39–53. On J 12:7 s. τηρέω 2a).
    ④ marker of retroactive emphasis, that. At times, contrary to regular usage, ἵνα is placed elsewhere than at the beginning of its clause, in order to emphasize the words that come before it (B-D-F §475, 1; cp. the position of ὅτι Gal 1:11): τὴν ἀγάπην ἵνα γνῶτε 2 Cor 2:4. εἰς τὸν ἐρχόμενον μετʼ αὐτὸν ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν Ac 19:4. τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέει ἵνα Ro 11:31. Cp. J 13:29; 1 Cor 7:29; Gal 2:10; Col 4:16b.—EStauffer, Ἵνα u. d. Problem d. teleol. Denkens b. Pls: StKr 102, 1930, 232–57; JGreenlee, ἵνα Substantive Clauses in the NT: Asbury Seminarian 2, ’47, 154–63; HRiesenfeld, Zu d. johanneischen ἵνα-Sätzen, StTh 19, ’65, 213–20; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 76–81.—Frisk. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἵνα

  • 16 простой

    (см. также простейший) simple, prime, primary, easy, straightforward; standing time, breakdown time, down time, off-time, standing idle, stoppage
    • Более простое прямое доказательство было дано Смитом [1]. Мы следуем его методу. - A simpler direct proof was given by Smith [1], whose method we follow here.
    • В данном параграфе мы обсуждаем некоторые простые свойства и примеры (чего-л). - In this section we discuss some simple properties and examples of...
    • В подобном случае могло бы быть проще уточнить... - In such a case, it might be simpler to specify...
    • Давайте решим еще одну более простую задачу. - Let us work one more simple problem.
    • Данная процедура, хотя и простая, приводит к... - This procedure, although straightforward, leads to...
    • Данный метод прост и довольно интересен, однако... - This method is simple and quite interesting, but...
    • Данный результат имеет простую физическую интерпретацию. - This result has a simple physical interpretation.
    • Детали этого простого вычисления предоставляются читателю. - The details of this straightforward computation are left to the reader.
    • Для удобства мы будем часто использовать более простое обозначение... - For convenience, we will often use the simpler notation...
    • Довольно простые вычисления показывают, что... - A rather easy calculation shows that...
    • Доказательство (этого факта и т. п.) простое. Мы оставляем его читателю. - The proof is simple; we leave it to the reader.
    • Здесь мы видим простой случай (чего-л). - Here we see a simple case of...
    • Значительно более простая задача, однако имеющая практический интерес, состоит в вычислении... - A much simpler problem, but one of practical interest, is to calculate...
    • Из простых геометрических соображений следует, что... - It follows from simple geometrical considerations that...
    • Или это можно проще выразить... - Or it may be simpler to express...
    • Иногда бывает проще... - Sometimes it is simpler to...
    • Лежащие в основе (этого) идеи настолько простые, что... - The ideas involved here are so simple that...
    • Можно вывести очень простое условие того, что... - It is possible to derive a very simple condition that...
    • Мы можем дать простое доказательство этой теоремы следующим образом. - We can give a simple proof of this theorem as follows.
    • Мы применим наши результаты к одному простому случаю. - We shall apply our results to a simple case.
    • Мы рассматриваем относительно простую ситуацию, в которой... - We consider a relatively simple situation in which...
    • На практике намного проще найти... - It is much easier in practice to find...
    • Наш простой пример показывает, что... - Our simple example demonstrates that...
    • Несколько проще результат получается, если мы... - A somewhat simpler result is obtained if we...
    • Одна простая теория может использоваться для... - A simple theory can be used to...
    • Однако его/ее доказательство не является простым, как можно было бы подумать. - The proof, however, is not as easy as one might think.
    • Однако задача становится много проще, если... - The problem, however, becomes much simpler if...
    • Особенно простой является ситуация, когда... - A particularly simple situation is that in which...
    • Ответ прост. - The answer is simple.
    • Первым и самым простым из этих случаев является... - The first of these, and the simplest, is...
    • Предыдущий пример демонстрирует, что много проще... - The above problems show that it is much easier to...
    • Простое и прямое доказательство может быть получено (применением и т. п.)... - A simple and direct proof can be obtained by...
    • Простое, но полезное следствие теоремы 1 состоит в том, что... - A simple but useful consequence of Theorem 1 is that...
    • простой и полезный критерий... - a simple and useful criterion
    • Простой тест обеспечивается... - A simple test case is provided by...
    • Самым простым из таких методов является... - The simplest such method is...
    • Ситуация становится проще в случае, когда... - The situation is slightly simpler in the case where...
    • Следующее простое рассуждение может дать некоторое понимание... - The following simple reasoning may give some insight into...
    • Существует простая геометрическая интерпретация этого определения. - There is a simple geometrical interpretation of this definition.
    • Теперь мы выведем простое правило для определения... - We now derive a simple rule for determining...
    • Теперь мы разовьем некоторые из более простых концепций, которые возникают в/ при... - We now develop a few of the simpler concepts that arise in...
    • Теперь становится относительно простым... - It is now a relatively simple matter to...
    • Тот же самый результат может быть получен простым (вычислением и т. п.)... - The same result may be obtained by simply...
    • Часто бывает проще доказать, что... - It is often easier to prove that...
    • Часто это проще сделать, чем... - It is often simpler to do this than to...
    • Чтобы..., мы ограничимся лишь простым примером. - We restrict ourselves to a simple example in order to...
    • Чтобы привести еще более простой пример, мы можем рассмотреть... - То take an even simpler example, we can consider...
    • Чтобы проиллюстрировать это наиболее простым примером, предположим, что... - То take the simplest possible illustration, suppose that...
    • Эта простая, но все же глубокая идея... - This simple yet profound idea...
    • Этот алгоритм особенно прост, когда... - This process is particularly simple when...
    • Этот результат не является простым, потому что... - The result is not simple because...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > простой

  • 17 direct

    1. transitive verb
    1) (turn) richten (to[wards] auf + Akk.)

    the remark was directed at you — die Bemerkung galt dir

    the bomb/missile was directed at — die Bombe/das Geschoss galt (+ Dat.)

    direct somebody to a place — jemandem den Weg zu einem Ort weisen od. sagen

    2) (control) leiten; beaufsichtigen [Arbeitskräfte, Arbeitsablauf]; regeln, dirigieren [Verkehr]
    3) (order) anweisen

    direct somebody to do something — jemanden anweisen, etwas zu tun

    as directed [by the doctor] — wie [vom Arzt] verordnet

    4) (Theatre, Cinemat., Telev., Radio) Regie führen bei
    2. adjective
    1) direkt; durchgehend [Zug]; unmittelbar [Ursache, Gefahr, Auswirkung]; (immediate) unmittelbar, persönlich [Erfahrung, Verantwortung, Beteiligung]
    2) (diametrical) genau [Gegenteil]; direkt [Widerspruch]; diametral [Gegensatz]
    3) (frank) direkt; offen; glatt [Absage]
    3. adverb
    * * *
    [di'rekt] 1. adjective
    1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?)
    2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) direkt
    3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) unmittelbar
    4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) gerade
    5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) unmittelbar
    2. verb
    1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) lenken
    2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) den Weg zeigen
    3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) befehlen
    4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) leiten
    •
    - academic.ru/20671/direction">direction
    - directional
    - directive
    - directly
    - directness
    - director
    - directory
    * * *
    di·rect
    [dɪˈrekt]
    I. adj
    1. (without interruption) direkt
    \direct flight Direktflug m
    a \direct train ein durchgehender Zug; (without detour)
    \direct route kürzester Weg
    2. (without intervention) unmittelbar, direkt
    \direct link Direktverbindung f
    \direct negotiations Direktverhandlungen pl
    3. (frank) offen, direkt
    I'll be \direct with you... wenn ich ehrlich bin,...
    \direct manner direkte Art
    \direct question direkte [o unverblümte] Frage
    4. (lineal) direkt
    she is a \direct descendant of Queen Victoria sie stammt in direkter Linie von Königin Victoria ab
    5. (exact) genau, glatt fam
    the \direct opposite of sth das genaue [o komplette] Gegenteil von etw dat
    6. ASTRON rechtläufig
    7. LAW
    \direct evidence unmittelbarer Beweis
    \direct examination Befragung f eines Zeugen durch die benennende Partei
    II. adv
    1. (with no intermediary) direkt
    to dial \direct selbst wählen, durchwählen
    2. (via direct route) direkt, geradewegs
    this train goes \direct to Rome dieser Zug fährt ohne Halt bis nach Rom durch
    to fly \direct to a city ohne Zwischenlandung nach einer Stadt fliegen
    III. vt
    ▪ to \direct sth etw leiten [o führen]
    to \direct the traffic den Verkehr regeln [o dirigieren
    ▪ to \direct sb to do sth jdn anweisen, etw zu tun
    ▪ to \direct sth against sb etw gegen jdn richten
    ▪ to \direct sth at/to sb etw an jdn richten
    was that remark \directed at me? galt diese Bemerkung mir?
    their efforts were \directed towards helping the homeless mit ihrem Engagement wollten sie den Obdachlosen helfen
    to \direct sb's attention at sth jds Aufmerksamkeit auf etw akk lenken
    to \direct a blow at sb nach jdm schlagen
    to \direct a letter to sb einen Brief an jdn adressieren
    4. (threaten with weapon)
    ▪ to \direct sth at sth/sb etw auf etw/jdn richten
    5. (give directions)
    ▪ to \direct sb to sth jdm den Weg zu etw dat zeigen [o sagen]
    could you please \direct me to the train station? könnten Sie mir bitte den Weg zum Bahnhof zeigen?
    6. THEAT, FILM
    ▪ to \direct sth bei etw dat Regie führen; MUS etw dirigieren
    IV. vi THEAT, FILM Regie führen; MUS dirigieren
    * * *
    [daɪ'rekt]
    1. adj
    1) direkt; link, result, heir, contact direkt, unmittelbar; responsibility, cause, danger unmittelbar; train durchgehend; opposite genau

    as a direct result of — als eine unmittelbare Folge von

    direct line of descent — Abstammung f in direkter Linie

    to be a direct descendant of sb — von jdm in direkter Linie abstammen, ein direkter Nachkomme von jdm sein

    or deposit (US) — per Einzugsauftrag bezahlen

    to impose direct rule ( on the Irish/from London) — (Irland/von London aus) direkt regieren

    they are willing to hold direct talks with the government — sie sind bereit, mit der Regierung direkt zu verhandeln

    2) (= blunt) person, remark direkt, offen; refusal, denial glatt
    3) (GRAM)
    2. vt
    1) (= address, aim) remark, letter richten (to an +acc); efforts, look richten (towards auf +acc); anger auslassen (towards an +acc); money zufließen lassen (
    to +dat)

    to direct sb's attention to sb/sth — jds Aufmerksamkeit auf jdn/etw lenken

    2) (= supervise, control) person's work, business leiten, lenken; traffic regeln
    3) (= order) anweisen (sb to do sth jdn, etw zu tun); (JUR) jury Rechtsbelehrung erteilen (+dat)

    to direct that sth ( should) be done — anordnen, dass etw getan wird

    the judge directed the jury to... — der Richter belehrte die Schöffen darüber, dass...

    4) film, play Regie führen bei; group of actors dirigieren; radio/TV programme leiten
    3. adv
    direkt
    * * *
    direct [dıˈrekt; daı-]
    A v/t
    1. seine Aufmerksamkeit etc richten, lenken ( beide:
    to, toward[s] auf akk):
    a method directed to doing sth ein Verfahren, das darauf abzielt, etwas zu tun;
    be directed against sich richten gegen;
    direct away jemanden, etwas ablenken ( from von)
    2. ein Fahrzeug lenken
    3. einen Betrieb etc führen, leiten, lenken
    4. Worte richten (to an akk):
    this remark was directed at you diese Bemerkung war an deine Adresse gerichtet
    5. einen Brief etc adressieren, richten ( beide:
    to an akk)
    6. anweisen, beauftragen, jemandem Anweisung geben ( alle:
    to do zu tun):
    direct the jury as to the law JUR den Geschworenen Rechtsbelehrung erteilen
    7. anordnen, verfügen, bestimmen:
    direct sth to be done etwas anordnen; anordnen, dass etwas geschieht;
    as directed laut Verfügung, nach Vorschrift
    8. a) jemandem den Weg zeigen oder sagen (to zu, nach)
    b) fig jemanden verweisen (to an akk)
    9. a) ein Orchester dirigieren
    b) Regie bei einem Film oder Stück führen:
    directed by unter der Regie von
    B v/i
    1. befehlen, bestimmen
    2. a) MUS besonders US dirigieren
    b) THEAT etc Regie führen:
    directing debut Regiedebüt n
    C adj (adv → directly A)
    1. direkt, gerade
    2. direkt, unmittelbar (Steuern etc):
    direct descent geradlinige Abstammung;
    direct elimination (Fechten) Direktausscheidung f;
    direct flight Direktflug m;
    direct labo(u)r Fertigungslöhne pl;
    direct mail US Postwurfsendung f;
    direct primary POL US Vorwahl f durch direkte Wahl;
    direct selling WIRTSCH Direktverkauf m;
    direct train BAHN durchgehender Zug;
    direct voting POL direkte Wahl; → descendant 1, direct method
    3. unmittelbar, persönlich (Verantwortung etc)
    4. WIRTSCH spezifisch, direkt:
    direct costs direkte Kosten, Einzelkosten
    5. a) klar, unzwei-, eindeutig
    b) offen, ehrlich (Antwort etc)
    6. direkt, genau:
    the direct contrary das genaue Gegenteil
    7. LING direkt:
    direct speech (bes US discourse) direkte Rede;
    direct object Akkusativobjekt n
    8. ASTRON rechtläufig
    9. ELEK
    a) Gleichstrom…
    b) Gleich…
    D adv direkt, unmittelbar:
    I wrote to him direct ich schrieb ihm direkt;
    the next flight goes direct to London der nächste Flug geht direkt nach London; → dial C
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (turn) richten (to[wards] auf + Akk.)

    the bomb/missile was directed at — die Bombe/das Geschoss galt (+ Dat.)

    2) (control) leiten; beaufsichtigen [Arbeitskräfte, Arbeitsablauf]; regeln, dirigieren [Verkehr]
    3) (order) anweisen

    direct somebody to do something — jemanden anweisen, etwas zu tun

    as directed [by the doctor] — wie [vom Arzt] verordnet

    4) (Theatre, Cinemat., Telev., Radio) Regie führen bei
    2. adjective
    1) direkt; durchgehend [Zug]; unmittelbar [Ursache, Gefahr, Auswirkung]; (immediate) unmittelbar, persönlich [Erfahrung, Verantwortung, Beteiligung]
    2) (diametrical) genau [Gegenteil]; direkt [Widerspruch]; diametral [Gegensatz]
    3) (frank) direkt; offen; glatt [Absage]
    3. adverb
    * * *
    adj.
    direkt adj.
    gerade adj.
    lenken adj.
    unmittelbar adj. (something) v.
    Regie führen (bei etwas) ausdr. (to, at) v.
    anweisen (auf) v.
    regeln v.
    richten (nach, auf) v.

    English-german dictionary > direct

  • 18 κτίσις

    κτίσις, εως, ἡ (s. prec. and two next entries; Pind.+).
    ① act of creation, creation (Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 11]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 33 κ. τοῦ κόσμου; 6, 55, 1; Did., Gen. 24, 4): ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου since the creation of the world Ro 1:20 (cp. PsSol 8, 7; ApcSed 8:10; Jos., Bell. 4, 533). The Son of God was σύμβουλος τῷ πατρὶ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτοῦ counselor to the Father in his creative work Hs 9, 12, 2.
    ② the result of a creative act, that which is created (EpArist 136; 139; TestReub 2:9).
    ⓐ of individual things or beings created, creature (Tob 8:5, 15) created thing τὶς κ. ἑτέρα any other creature Ro 8:39. οὐκ ἔστιν κ. ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ no creature is hidden from (God’s) sight Hb 4:13. πᾶν γένος τῆς κ. τοῦ κυρίου every kind of creature that the Lord made Hs 9, 1, 8; πᾶσα κ. every created thing (cp. Jdth 9:12) MPol 14:1. Of Christ πρωτότοκος πάσης κ. Col 1:15. Of the name of God ἀρχέγονον πάσης κ. 1 Cl 59:3. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον … τὸ κηρυχθὲν ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει the gospel … which has been preached to every creature (here limited to human beings) Col 1:23.—Pl. (En 18:1) δοξάζειν τὰς κτίσεις τοῦ θεοῦ praise the created works of God Hv 1, 1, 3.—The Christian is described by Paul as καινὴ κ. a new creature 2 Cor 5:17, and the state of being in the new faith by the same words as a new creation Gal 6:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 373 καιναὶ κτίσεις). S. on ἐκλογή end.
    ⓑ the sum total of everything created, creation, world (ApcMos 32; SibOr 5, 152; ὁρωμένη κ. Did., Gen. 1 B, 6; 13 A, 2) ἡ κ. αὐτοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4. ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς κ. at the beginning of the world B 15:3; ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. from the beginning of the world Mk 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4. Likew. Mk 10:6; πᾶσα ἡ κ. the whole creation (Jdth 16:14; Ps 104:21 v.l.; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32], B 12 p. 116, 31 [St. p. 80]; TestLevi 4:1; TestNapht 2:3; ParJer 9:6; PGM 12, 85) Hv 3, 4, 1; m 12, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 5; 9, 14, 5; 9, 23, 4; 9, 25, 1. The whole world is full of God’s glory 1 Cl 34:6. ἀόργητος ὑπάρχει πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν αὐτοῦ 19:3. ὁ υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ πάσης τ. κτίσεως αὐτοῦ προγενέστερός ἐστιν the Son of God is older than all his creation Hs 9, 12, 2. πᾶσα ἡ κ. limited to humankind Mk 16:15; Hm 7:5. Also ἡ κτίσις τῶν ἀνθρώπων D 16:5.—αὕτη ἡ κ. this world (earthly in contrast to heavenly) Hb 9:11.—κ. the creation, what was created in contrast to the Creator (Wsd 16:24) Ro 1:25 (EpArist 139 θεὸν σεβόμενοι παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν).—Of Christ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 3:14 (s. ἀρχή 3).—The mng. of κτ. is in dispute in Ro 8:19–22, though the pass. is usu. taken to mean the waiting of the whole creation below the human level (animate and inanimate—so, e.g., OCullmann, Christ and Time [tr. FFilson] ’50, 103).—HBiedermann, D. Erlösg. der Schöpfung beim Ap. Pls. ’40.
    ③ system of established authority that is the result of some founding action, governance system, authority system. Corresponding to 1, κτίσις is also the act by which an authoritative or governmental body is created (ins in CB I/2, 468 no. 305 [I A.D.]: founding of the Gerousia [Senate]. Somewhat comparable, of the founding of a city: Scymnus Chius vs. 89 κτίσεις πόλεων). But then, in accordance with 2, it is prob. also the result of the act, the institution or authority itself 1 Pt 2:13 (Diod S 11, 60, 2 has κτίστης as the title of a high official. Cp. νομοθεσία in both meanings: 1. lawgiving, legislation; 2. the result of an action, i.e. law.) To a Hellene a well-ordered society was primary (s. Aristot., Pol. 1, 1, 1, 1252). It was understood that the function of government was to maintain such a society, and the moral objective described in vs. 14 is in keeping with this goal.—BBrinkman, ‘Creation’ and ‘Creature’ I, Bijdragen (Nijmegen) 18, ’57, 129–39, also 359–74; GLampe, The NT Doctrine of κτίσις, SJT 17, ’64, 449–62.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κτίσις

  • 19 основной

    (= центральный, определяющий, доминирующий) basic, basis, fundamental, principal, main, key, primary, essential, general, major, dominant, chief
    • Безусловно, это следует сделать точно, однако в основном это означает, что... - This has to be made precise of course, but essentially it means that...
    • В основном мы следуем процедуре (= методу)... - In essence we follow the procedure of...
    • В основном он используется в/ при... - It is principally used in...
    • В основном имеется лишь один способ, чтобы... - There is essentially only one way to...
    • В основном мы занимаемся (чем-л). - We are concerned, for the most part, with...
    • В основном существуют два типа... - There are basically two types of...
    • В основном это обобщение (чего-л). - This is essentially a generalization of...
    • В основном это проблема (чего-л). - - This is essentially a matter of...
    • В третьей главе мы увидим/встретим другое обобщение той же самой основной идеи. - In Chapter 3 we shall meet another generalization of the same basic idea.
    • В этой книге мы будем заниматься в основном... - In this book we shall be concerned essentially with...
    • Возвращаясь теперь к доказательству основной теоремы, мы... - Returning now to the proof of the main theorem, we...
    • Основная часть вопрос... все еще остается без ответа, хотя... - The question of... is still largely unanswered, although...
    • Вычисления в основном являются такими же, как... - The calculations are essentially the same as...
    • Здесь мы, в основном, интересуемся... - Here we are mainly interested in...
    • Имеется много других примеров, иллюстрирующих основную идею (чего-л). - There are many other examples which illustrate the basic idea of...
    • Имеются два основных типа (уравнений и т. п.). - There are two major types of...
    • Кажется, имеются две основные причины (для)... - There seem to be two principle causes for...
    • Напротив, метеоролог рассуждает в основном в терминах... - The meteorologist, on the other hand, thinks mainly in terms of...
    • Наш основной результат состоит в следующем. - Our main result is the following.
    • Наш основной результат состоит в том, что... - Our main result will be that...
    • Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...
    • Однако в приложениях в основном более полезно думать о... - In application, however, it is generally more useful to think of...
    • Основная проблема состоит в том, чтобы определить... - The main problem is to determine...
    • Основное (= существенное) требование, предъявляемое к... состоит в том, чтобы... - The essential feature required of... is that...
    • Основное преимущество данного метода заключается в том, что... - The chief advantage of the method is that...
    • Основной идеей здесь является то, что... - The essential idea here is that...
    • Основной идеей этого параграфа является то, что... - The main idea of this section is that...
    • Основной слабостью метода является... - The main weakness of the method is...
    • Основной упор в данном параграфе будет сделан на... - The main emphasis in this section will be on...
    • Основной целью данной книги является... - The principal aim of the present book is to...
    • Основным вопросом данной главы является... - Our main business in this chapter is to...
    • Основным моментом (здесь) является то, что... - The fundamental point is that...
    • Основным пунктом является то, что... - The main point is that...
    • Пример 3 иллюстрирует основной принцип... - Example 3 illustrates the general principle that...
    • Существует несколько основных причин для... - There are several basic reasons for...
    • Существуют три основных критерия, управляющих... - There are three major criteria governing...
    • Существуют три основных способа сделать это. - There are three principal ways in which this can be done.
    • Таким образом, важно узнать основные свойства... - Thus, it is important to understand the basic properties of...
    • Таким образом, получен следующий основной результат:... - The following key results are therefore obtained:...
    • Элегантное доказательство, которое мы здесь приводим, в основном принадлежит Гильберту. - The elegant proof we give is essentially due to Hilbert
    • Эти две основные возможности иллюстрируются на рис. 1. - The two main possibilities are illustrated in Figure 1.
    • Это делается в основном потому, что... - This is done, essentially, because...
    • Этот результат в основном согласуется с... - This result is broadly consistent with...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > основной

  • 20 voting

    n
    голосование; баллотировка

    to abstain from voting — воздерживаться от голосования / при голосовании

    to begin the voting — открывать / начинать голосование / баллотировку

    to join smb in voting against smth — вместе с кем-л. голосовать против чего-л.

    - brisk voting
    - chain voting
    - clause-by-clause voting
    - consequences of the voting
    - electric voting
    - final round of voting
    - forms and methods of voting
    - fresh voting
    - inconclusive round of voting
    - inconclusive voting
    - open voting
    - order of voting
    - paper ballot voting
    - parliamentary voting
    - preference voting
    - preferential voting
    - primary voting
    - result of the voting     - straight ticket voting
    - the time allowed for voting was extended
    - voting by machine
    - voting by mechanical means
    - voting by show of hands
    - voting closes today
    - voting finished
    - voting for a list of candidates
    - voting for a single candidate
    - voting for parliament
    - voting gets under way
    - voting has just ended
    - voting has just got underway
    - voting is carried out by mail
    - voting is compulsory
    - voting is taking place
    - voting is underway
    - voting on a resolution
    - voting on amendments
    - voting on proposals
    - voting passed off peaceful
    - voting takes place in...
    - voting was close
    - voting was generally peaceful

    Politics english-russian dictionary > voting

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