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61 semol

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.
I.
Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
1.
After a plural subject:
hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:
multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:
(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:
Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:
tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:
duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:
Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:
multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:
quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—
2.
With a plur. object:
(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:
duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:
si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:
simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:
tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:
totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:
igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—
3.
Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:
omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:
multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—
4.
Referring to an attributive participle understood:
multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:
trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:
inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:
tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.
II.
Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:
novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:
jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:
qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:
me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:
quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:
simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:
Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:
Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:
cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:
vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:
simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):
simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:
cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:
simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:
simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:
si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:
ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:
quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:
qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:
in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:
cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:
hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:
prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:
extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):
simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:
quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:
his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:
Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:
quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
III.
Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:
juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:
quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:
quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:
ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:
domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
IV.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.
1.
Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
a.
Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):
semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:
Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:
dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:
quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:
Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:
Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:
simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:
eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:
obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:
simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;
or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—
b.
Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):
nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:
faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:
ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—
c.
Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):
convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:
oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:
pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:
terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:
vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:
qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:
populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—
d.
Placed before the last term.
(α).
Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:
Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:
Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:
Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:
milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:
Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—
(β).
Simulque (rare):
ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
(γ).
Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):
Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:
Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):
inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):
ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —
e.
Inserted in the last term ( poet.):
memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;
interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—
2.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
a.
Et simul or simulque:
contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:
eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:
quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:
ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:
sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:
ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:
emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):
postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:
equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:
tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—
b.
Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:
salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;
simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—
c.
Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:
simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:
illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:
simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:
nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:
simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—
3.
Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:
Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:
tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:
quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
V.
Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
1.
Simul alone:
ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:
sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:
alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:
Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—
2.
More freq. simul et (= etiam):
quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:
nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:
demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:
legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:
ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
VI.
Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;
freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:
omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;
simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:
cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:
nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:
a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;
2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:
hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:
ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:
equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:
Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:
committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
VII.
Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).
1.
With independent clauses:
simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:
accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:
ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:
simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—
2.
With dependent clauses:
venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:
Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:
consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:
simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:
plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—
3.
Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:
Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:
Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —
4.
Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:
cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:
ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:
et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:
increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:
tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:
inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:
simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
VIII.
Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,
sĭmŭlac
, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
1.
Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:
Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:
non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:
dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:
Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:
at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):
simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—
2.
Simul atque:
L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:
simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:
simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:
simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:
simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:
qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—
3.
Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):
simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):
simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:
nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—
4.
Simul et:
simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:
ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:
quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,
omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—
5.
Simul ubi:
quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—
6.
Simul alone, = simul atque:
simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:
hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):
simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:
nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:
simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > semol
62 semul

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.
I.
Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
1.
After a plural subject:
hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:
multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:
(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:
Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:
tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:
duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:
Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:
multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:
quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—
2.
With a plur. object:
(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:
duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:
si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:
simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:
tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:
totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:
igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—
3.
Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:
omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:
multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—
4.
Referring to an attributive participle understood:
multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:
trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:
inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:
tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.
II.
Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:
novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:
jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:
qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:
me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:
quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:
simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:
Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:
Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:
cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:
vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:
simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):
simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:
cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:
simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:
simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:
si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:
ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:
quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:
qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:
in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:
cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:
hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:
prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:
extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):
simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:
quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:
his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:
Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:
quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
III.
Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:
juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:
quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:
quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:
ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:
domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
IV.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.
1.
Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
a.
Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):
semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:
Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:
dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:
quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:
Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:
Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:
simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:
eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:
obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:
simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;
or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—
b.
Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):
nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:
faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:
ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—
c.
Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):
convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:
oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:
pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:
terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:
vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:
qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:
populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—
d.
Placed before the last term.
(α).
Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:
Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:
Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:
Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:
milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:
Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—
(β).
Simulque (rare):
ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
(γ).
Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):
Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:
Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):
inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):
ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —
e.
Inserted in the last term ( poet.):
memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;
interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—
2.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
a.
Et simul or simulque:
contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:
eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:
quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:
ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:
sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:
ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:
emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):
postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:
equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:
tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—
b.
Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:
salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;
simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—
c.
Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:
simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:
illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:
simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:
nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:
simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—
3.
Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:
Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:
tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:
quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
V.
Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
1.
Simul alone:
ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:
sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:
alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:
Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—
2.
More freq. simul et (= etiam):
quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:
nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:
demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:
legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:
ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
VI.
Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;
freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:
omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;
simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:
cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:
nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:
a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;
2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:
hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:
ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:
equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:
Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:
committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
VII.
Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).
1.
With independent clauses:
simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:
accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:
ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:
simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—
2.
With dependent clauses:
venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:
Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:
consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:
simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:
plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—
3.
Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:
Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:
Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —
4.
Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:
cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:
ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:
et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:
increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:
tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:
inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:
simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
VIII.
Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,
sĭmŭlac
, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
1.
Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:
Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:
non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:
dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:
Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:
at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):
simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—
2.
Simul atque:
L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:
simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:
simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:
simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:
simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:
qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—
3.
Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):
simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):
simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:
nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—
4.
Simul et:
simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:
ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:
quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,
omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—
5.
Simul ubi:
quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—
6.
Simul alone, = simul atque:
simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:
hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):
simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:
nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:
simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > semul
63 sic

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.
I.
Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:
sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,
id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:
facinus indignum Sic circumiri,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:
sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 23:
arare mavelim quam sic amare,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:
sic se res habet,
Cic. Brut. 18, 71:
sic regii constiterant,
Liv. 42, 58:
sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,
id. 3, 9, 1:
sic ad Alpes perventum est,
Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:
sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,
Cic. Or. 34, 121:
cum sic affectos dimisisset,
Liv. 21, 43, 1:
sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,
Caes. B. G. 3, 6:
sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,
id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—
2.
In a parenthet. clause (= ita):
quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,
so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:
commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,
id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—
3.
Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.
Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),
Liv. 2, 46, 7:
sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:
tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),
id. ib. 4, 6, 2:
sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),
id. ib. 5, 20, 1:
sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),
id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:
Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),
id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:
sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),
Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:
sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),
id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:
sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:
haec sic audivi (= ita esse),
id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:
sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),
Cic. Brut. 33, 125:
quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),
Ov. M. 5, 178.—
4.
As completing object, = hoc:
iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:
hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:
sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),
Ov. M. 15, 584:
hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:
sic faciendum est,
Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—
5.
Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:
sic vita hominum est (= talis),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:
vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,
id. Or. 5, 18:
familiaris noster—sic est enim,
id. Att. 1, 18, 6:
sic est vulgus,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:
sic, Crito, est hic,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;
si placeo, utere,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:
sic sententiest,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:
sic est (= sic res se habet),
that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:
qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,
id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:
nunc hoc profecto sic est,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:
sic est. Non muto sententiam,
Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—
6.
Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):
sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:
si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:
mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:
sic opus est (= hoc facere),
Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—
B.
To express relations other than manner (rare).
1.
Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:
sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,
Liv. 1, 5, 4:
sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,
Cic. Brut. 42, 154:
sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,
Liv. 4, 11, 5:
suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —
2.
Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:
reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;
sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),
Tib. 4, 13, 6:
Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),
Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:
sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),
Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—
3.
Of intensity:
non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),
Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.
II.
Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):
ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:
tum Varro ita exorsus est,
id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):
puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:
sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:
salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:
Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,
Cic. Planc. 31, 76:
res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,
the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:
sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,
Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—
2.
Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:
ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—
3.
For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):
disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,
Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:
mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,
Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.
III.
As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;
mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,
as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:
sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,
id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:
nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,
Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:
sic ad me, miserande, redis?
Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:
Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:
non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?
id. ib. 2, 4, 12:
quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,
Lucr. 5, 441.—
Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,
I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:
sic dabo!
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:
doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:
sic furi datur,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:
sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),
Liv. 1, 7, 2:
sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,
so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:
sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),
Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:
sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,
Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).
IV.
As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.
1.
With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).
(α).
With ut:
ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:
ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,
id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:
ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,
id. Brut. 11, 42:
sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,
id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:
ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,
id. Brut. 31, 117:
de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,
id. Att. 4, 6, 1:
sic est ut narro tibi,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:
ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:
ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,
Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—
(β).
With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:
quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,
Liv. 3, 11, 3:
sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—
(γ).
With sicut:
tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,
Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—
(δ).
With velut:
velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,
Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—
(ε).
With tamquam:
tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,
Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:
quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?
Liv. 10, 8:
sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,
Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—
(ζ).
With quasi:
hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,
Cic. Clu. 1, 4:
ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,
id. Att. 6, 1, 12:
Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:
ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—
(η).
With quomodo:
quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:
sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,
id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—
(θ).
With ceu:
ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,
Verg. A. 2, 438.—
(ι).
With quam:
non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,
Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—
(κ).
With quantus:
nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,
Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—
(λ).
With qualis:
imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—
(μ).
Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:
Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),
Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—
2.
In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:
consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),
Liv. 4, 6, 2:
ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,
id. 6, 32, 6:
(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,
Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):
nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),
Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:
ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,
id. Sen. 6, 20:
utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,
id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:
ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,
id. Sen. 20, 76:
ut voce, sic etiam oratione,
id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:
ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:
quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,
id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —
3.
With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:
sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,
Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:
eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,
id. ib. 3, 12, 45:
sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,
id. ib. 3, 12, 46:
omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,
id. Brut. 71, 250:
omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,
id. Or. 36, 125:
sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,
id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:
nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,
id. Mil. 21, 56:
sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,
id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:
mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:
sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,
id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—
4.
With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:
sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:
conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:
sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,
id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:
cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,
id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—
5.
Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.
a.
Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:
sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,
Sen. Ep. 105, 3:
sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,
Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—
b.
Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):
decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,
that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:
sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—
6.
Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—
7.
With inf. clause (freq.):
sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,
Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:
sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:
ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):
sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—
8.
With ut, expressing purpose or result:
nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:
ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:
sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.
V.
Idiomatic usages of sic.
1.
In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):
parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),
Tib. 2, 6, 30:
annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,
id. 2, 5, 121:
pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,
Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:
Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,
Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:
sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),
Verg. E. 9, 30:
sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),
id. ib. 10, 4:
sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,
Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:
sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),
Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.
also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),
Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—
2.
Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):
sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:
Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:
sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,
Ov. M. 8, 866:
sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,
Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:
vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,
Tib. 2, 5, 63.—
3.
In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.
(α).
In gen.:
e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,
but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:
at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:
quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,
thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:
si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:
non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),
naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:
sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,
Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:
me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,
so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:
sic sine malo,
id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:
at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,
without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:
hoc non poterit sic abire,
Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,
sic abire,
id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,
(β).
With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:
si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,
id. As. 2, 4, 54:
sine fores sic, abi,
let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—
(γ).
Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:
nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,
narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:
sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,
even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,
sic quoque fallebat,
id. ib. 1, 698:
sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,
anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:
sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,
Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—
4.
Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:
Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:
monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,
Sen. Ep. 114.—
5.
In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sic
64 sice

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.
I.
Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:
sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,
id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:
facinus indignum Sic circumiri,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:
sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 23:
arare mavelim quam sic amare,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:
sic se res habet,
Cic. Brut. 18, 71:
sic regii constiterant,
Liv. 42, 58:
sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,
id. 3, 9, 1:
sic ad Alpes perventum est,
Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:
sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,
Cic. Or. 34, 121:
cum sic affectos dimisisset,
Liv. 21, 43, 1:
sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,
Caes. B. G. 3, 6:
sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,
id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—
2.
In a parenthet. clause (= ita):
quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,
so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:
commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,
id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—
3.
Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.
Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),
Liv. 2, 46, 7:
sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:
tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),
id. ib. 4, 6, 2:
sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),
id. ib. 5, 20, 1:
sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),
id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:
Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),
id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:
sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),
Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:
sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),
id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:
sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:
haec sic audivi (= ita esse),
id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:
sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),
Cic. Brut. 33, 125:
quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),
Ov. M. 5, 178.—
4.
As completing object, = hoc:
iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:
hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:
sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),
Ov. M. 15, 584:
hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:
sic faciendum est,
Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—
5.
Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:
sic vita hominum est (= talis),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:
vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,
id. Or. 5, 18:
familiaris noster—sic est enim,
id. Att. 1, 18, 6:
sic est vulgus,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:
sic, Crito, est hic,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;
si placeo, utere,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:
sic sententiest,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:
sic est (= sic res se habet),
that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:
qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,
id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:
nunc hoc profecto sic est,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:
sic est. Non muto sententiam,
Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—
6.
Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):
sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:
si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:
mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:
sic opus est (= hoc facere),
Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—
B.
To express relations other than manner (rare).
1.
Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:
sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,
Liv. 1, 5, 4:
sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,
Cic. Brut. 42, 154:
sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,
Liv. 4, 11, 5:
suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —
2.
Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:
reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;
sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),
Tib. 4, 13, 6:
Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),
Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:
sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),
Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—
3.
Of intensity:
non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),
Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.
II.
Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):
ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:
tum Varro ita exorsus est,
id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):
puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:
sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:
salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:
Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,
Cic. Planc. 31, 76:
res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,
the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:
sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,
Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—
2.
Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:
ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—
3.
For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):
disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,
Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:
mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,
Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.
III.
As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;
mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,
as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:
sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,
id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:
nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,
Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:
sic ad me, miserande, redis?
Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:
Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:
non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?
id. ib. 2, 4, 12:
quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,
Lucr. 5, 441.—
Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,
I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:
sic dabo!
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:
doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:
sic furi datur,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:
sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),
Liv. 1, 7, 2:
sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,
so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:
sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),
Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:
sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,
Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).
IV.
As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.
1.
With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).
(α).
With ut:
ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:
ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,
id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:
ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,
id. Brut. 11, 42:
sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,
id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:
ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,
id. Brut. 31, 117:
de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,
id. Att. 4, 6, 1:
sic est ut narro tibi,
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:
ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:
ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,
Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—
(β).
With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:
quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,
Liv. 3, 11, 3:
sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—
(γ).
With sicut:
tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,
Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—
(δ).
With velut:
velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,
Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—
(ε).
With tamquam:
tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,
Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:
quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?
Liv. 10, 8:
sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,
Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—
(ζ).
With quasi:
hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,
Cic. Clu. 1, 4:
ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,
id. Att. 6, 1, 12:
Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:
ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—
(η).
With quomodo:
quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:
sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,
id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—
(θ).
With ceu:
ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,
Verg. A. 2, 438.—
(ι).
With quam:
non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,
Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—
(κ).
With quantus:
nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,
Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—
(λ).
With qualis:
imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—
(μ).
Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:
Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),
Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—
2.
In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:
consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),
Liv. 4, 6, 2:
ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,
id. 6, 32, 6:
(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,
Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):
nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),
Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:
ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,
id. Sen. 6, 20:
utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,
id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:
ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,
id. Sen. 20, 76:
ut voce, sic etiam oratione,
id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:
ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:
quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,
id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —
3.
With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:
sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,
Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:
eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,
id. ib. 3, 12, 45:
sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,
id. ib. 3, 12, 46:
omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,
id. Brut. 71, 250:
omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,
id. Or. 36, 125:
sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,
id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:
nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,
id. Mil. 21, 56:
sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,
id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:
mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:
sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,
id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—
4.
With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:
sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:
conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:
sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,
id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:
cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,
id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—
5.
Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.
a.
Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:
sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,
Sen. Ep. 105, 3:
sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,
Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—
b.
Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):
decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,
that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:
sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—
6.
Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—
7.
With inf. clause (freq.):
sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,
Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:
sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:
ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):
sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—
8.
With ut, expressing purpose or result:
nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:
ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:
sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.
V.
Idiomatic usages of sic.
1.
In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):
parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),
Tib. 2, 6, 30:
annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,
id. 2, 5, 121:
pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,
Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:
Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,
Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:
sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),
Verg. E. 9, 30:
sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),
id. ib. 10, 4:
sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,
Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:
sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),
Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.
also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),
Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—
2.
Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):
sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:
Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:
sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,
Ov. M. 8, 866:
sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,
Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:
vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,
Tib. 2, 5, 63.—
3.
In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.
(α).
In gen.:
e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,
but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:
at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:
quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,
thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:
si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:
non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),
naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:
sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,
Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:
me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,
so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:
sic sine malo,
id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:
at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,
without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:
hoc non poterit sic abire,
Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,
sic abire,
id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,
(β).
With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:
si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,
id. As. 2, 4, 54:
sine fores sic, abi,
let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—
(γ).
Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:
nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,
narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:
sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,
even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,
sic quoque fallebat,
id. ib. 1, 698:
sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,
anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:
sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,
Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—
4.
Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:
Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:
monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,
Sen. Ep. 114.—
5.
In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sice
65 simul

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.
I.
Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
1.
After a plural subject:
hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:
multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:
(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:
Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:
tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:
duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:
Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:
multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:
quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—
2.
With a plur. object:
(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:
duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:
si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:
simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:
tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:
totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:
igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—
3.
Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:
omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:
multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—
4.
Referring to an attributive participle understood:
multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:
trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:
inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:
tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.
II.
Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:
novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:
jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:
qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:
me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:
quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:
simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:
Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:
Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:
cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:
vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:
simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):
simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:
cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:
simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:
simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:
si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:
ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:
quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:
qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:
in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:
cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:
hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:
prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:
extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):
simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:
quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:
his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:
Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:
quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
III.
Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:
juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:
quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:
quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:
ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:
domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
IV.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.
1.
Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
a.
Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):
semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:
Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:
dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:
quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:
Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:
Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:
simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:
eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:
obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:
simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;
or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—
b.
Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):
nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:
faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:
ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—
c.
Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):
convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:
oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:
pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:
terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:
vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:
qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:
populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—
d.
Placed before the last term.
(α).
Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:
Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:
Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:
Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:
milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:
Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—
(β).
Simulque (rare):
ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
(γ).
Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):
Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:
Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):
inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):
ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —
e.
Inserted in the last term ( poet.):
memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;
interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—
2.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
a.
Et simul or simulque:
contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:
eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:
quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:
ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:
sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:
ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:
emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):
postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:
equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:
tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—
b.
Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:
salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;
simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—
c.
Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:
simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:
illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:
simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:
nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:
simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—
3.
Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:
Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:
tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:
quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
V.
Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
1.
Simul alone:
ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:
sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:
alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:
Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—
2.
More freq. simul et (= etiam):
quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:
nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:
demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:
legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:
ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
VI.
Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;
freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:
omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;
simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:
cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:
nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:
a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;
2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:
hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:
ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:
equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:
Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:
committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
VII.
Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).
1.
With independent clauses:
simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:
accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:
ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:
simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—
2.
With dependent clauses:
venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:
Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:
consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:
simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:
plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—
3.
Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:
Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:
Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —
4.
Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:
cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:
ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:
et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:
increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:
tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:
inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:
simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
VIII.
Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,
sĭmŭlac
, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
1.
Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:
Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:
non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:
dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:
Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:
at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):
simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—
2.
Simul atque:
L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:
simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:
simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:
simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:
simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:
qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—
3.
Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):
simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):
simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:
nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—
4.
Simul et:
simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:
ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:
quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,
omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—
5.
Simul ubi:
quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—
6.
Simul alone, = simul atque:
simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:
hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):
simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:
nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:
simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > simul
66 sum

1.
sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:
esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:
FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:
fuerim,
id. ib. 4, 8, 54:
fuerit,
id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:
sies,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:
siet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:
sient,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,
fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:
fuant,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.
I.
As a verb substantive, to be.
A.
In gen.
1.
Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:
definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,
Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:
si abest, nullus est,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:
nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:
ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),
id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:
omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:
non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,
Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):
flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12:
homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!
Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:
si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,
id. Lael. 22, 83:
nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,
id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:
si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,
id. Att. 11, 4, 1:
si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:
nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,
id. Sen. 22, 79:
si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:
fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,
Verg. A. 2, 325:
sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,
Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—
2.
Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:
illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 23, 37:
amabo, quid tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:
quid se futurum esset,
Liv. 33, 27. —
3.
Of location, to be present, to be at a place.
(α).
With adv., or other expressions of place:
cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:
cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,
id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:
cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cum essemus in castris,
id. ib. 1, 15:
nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?
id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:
vos istic commodissime sperem esse,
id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
(β).
Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:
deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:
quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—
(γ).
Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:
cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:
eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,
id. Brut. 90, 309:
erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:
qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,
id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:
Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:
cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77:
ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:
cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,
Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:
Curio fuit ad me sane diu,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:
cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,
id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:
esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,
Liv. 28, 18.—
4.
Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:
cum est in sagis civitas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:
in laxa toga,
Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;
Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,
Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §
11: in servitute,
id. Clu. 7, 21:
in illa opinione populari,
id. ib. 51, 142:
in magno nomine et gloria,
id. Div. 1, 17, 31:
in spe,
id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:
in tanta moestitia,
id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:
in odio,
id. Att. 2, 22, 1:
in probris, in laudibus,
id. Off. 1, 18, 61:
in officio,
id. ib. 1, 15, 49:
in injustitia,
id. ib. 1, 14, 42:
in vitio,
id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:
ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:
ne in mora illi sis,
id. ib. 3, 1, 9:
hic in noxia'st,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:
quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:
in ingenti periculo,
Liv. 5, 47:
in pace,
id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:
(statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:
si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,
id. Lael. 23, 87:
ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,
id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:
in periculo): ego sum spe bona,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:
res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:
incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,
id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:
rem illam suo periculo esse,
id. Att. 6, 1, 6:
ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,
Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:
dare nummos meo periculo,
Dig. 46, 1, 24:
communi periculo,
ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—
5.
To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:
res erat non in opinione dubia,
Cic. Dom. 5, 11:
sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 5:
omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,
Liv. 10, 14, 12:
quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,
Col. 12, 4, 3. —
B.
In partic.
1.
Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.
a.
With indic.
(α).
Without subject expressed:
mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:
sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,
id. Cas. prol. 67:
sunt quae te volumus percontari,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:
quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?
id. ib. 1, 1, 10:
quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?
id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:
quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?
id. ib. 5, 1, 15:
tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?
id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:
quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?
id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:
at ego est quod volo loqui,
id. As. 1, 3, 79:
est quod te volo secreto,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:
sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:
ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 51:
sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:
sed est quod suscenset tibi,
Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:
est quod me transire oportet,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:
quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1, 7:
sunt item quae appellantur alces,
Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:
(nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,
id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:
sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:
sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,
id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:
quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,
id. ib. 2, 55, 167:
sunt autem quae praeterii,
id. Att. 10, 4, 11:
sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,
id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:
sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,
id. Off. 1, 24, 84:
Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:
sunt qui ita dicunt,
Sall. C. 19, 4:
sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,
Quint. 11, 3, 55:
sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:
sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,
id. S. 2, 1, 1:
sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—
(β).
With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:
sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:
est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,
id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):
erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,
id. ib. 3, 5, 21:
multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,
Cic. Lael. 16, 57:
sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,
id. Brut. 48, 177:
fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:
nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:
sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,
id. Lael. 20, 72:
sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:
multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,
id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:
sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:
permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:
fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,
Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:
alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,
Sall. C. 52, 21.—
b.
With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;
sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:
sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,
id. Off. 1, 21, 71:
de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:
est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,
id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:
praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:
quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:
sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:
sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:
vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,
id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—
(β).
With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:
sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:
rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,
id. Div. 1, 49, 111:
quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?
id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:
solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:
quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,
id. Lael. 23, 86:
erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,
id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:
quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:
sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,
id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5:
est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,
id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:
Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:
unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,
id. Att. 1, 18, 7:
si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,
id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:
multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,
Sen. Ep. 24, 26:
erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:
fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:
sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,
id. A. P. 347.—
* c.
Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):
est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,
Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—
2.
With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:
nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,
Cic. Brut. 10, 40:
est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,
id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:
familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,
id. Att. 8. 3, 2:
privatus illis census erat brevis,
Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:
Trojae et huic loco nomen est,
Liv. 1, 1, 5:
Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,
Ter. Hec. prol. 1:
cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:
Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,
Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):
nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),
nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:
neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),
has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—
b.
Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:
tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:
sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:
jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,
id. Quint. 6, 25:
si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,
id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—
3.
Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).
(α).
Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:
es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?
do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:
ab Andria est ancilla haec,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:
erat enim ab isto Aristotele,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:
sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,
makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —
(β).
Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:
(judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—
(γ).
Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:
(creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:
duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,
id. Or. 63, 212:
etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,
id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —
4.
Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):
horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,
i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:
nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:
sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,
Tib. 3, 5, 32:
fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,
Verg. A. 2, 325:
certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,
Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—
5.
Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:
quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:
sunt ista, Laeli,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6:
ista esse credere,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:
est ut dicis, inquam,
id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:
sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,
Col. 3, 3, 13:
esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:
verum esto,
id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:
esto,
Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,
b.
The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.
(α).
Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:
sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:
si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:
si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:
est, ut id maxime deceat,
Cic. Or. 59, 199:
quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?
id. Cael. 20, 48:
non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,
id. Div 1, 56, 128:
non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,
Lucr. 5, 979:
futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:
est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,
id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:
numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,
Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:
magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:
quid erat cur Milo optaret,
id. ib. 13, 34:
neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —
(β).
Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:
erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:
est, ubi id isto modo valeat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—
(γ).
Est cum, sometimes:
est cum non est satius, si, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—
(δ).
Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:
est quod visam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:
etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,
I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,
Liv. 30, 31, 9:
quod timeas non est,
Ov. H. 19, 159:
nil est illic quod moremur diutius,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:
non est quod multa loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:
non est cur eorum spes infragatur,
Cic. Or. 2, 6:
nihil est cur,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—
(ε).
Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):
est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:
Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:
nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,
Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:
neque est te fallere quicquam,
Verg. G. 4, 447:
unde Plus haurire est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:
est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,
id. ib. 2, 5, 103:
quod versu dicere non est,
id. ib. 1, 5, 87:
quod tangere non est,
Ov. M. 3, 478:
quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,
Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:
ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,
Tac. A. 16, 34:
est videre argentea vasa,
id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:
ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,
Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):
tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46:
fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,
Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—
(ζ).
In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):
cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,
Liv. 2, 17, 5:
si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,
id. 28, 22, 8:
jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,
id. 8, 27, 3:
cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,
id. 33, 41, 9:
non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,
id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):
cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,
Hyg. Fab. 261. —
6.
Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):
ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:
nam numero mi in mentem fuit,
id. Am. 1, 1, 26:
ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5, 22:
portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:
ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,
id. Att. 15, 4, 2:
qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,
id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:
quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,
Liv. 2, 14, 4:
nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,
Suet. Aug. 16:
esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:
in eorum potestatem portum futurum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—
7.
Of time, to pass, elapse (rare but class.):
diem scito nullum esse, quo, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1.
II.
As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.
A.
In gen.
1.
With an adj., subst., or pron.:
et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,
Cic. Lael. 5, 17:
quod in homine multo est evidentius,
id. ib. 8, 27:
sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,
id. ib. 4, 15:
non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:
cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,
id. Lael. 7, 24:
consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:
nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,
are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:
pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,
Liv. 45, 49:
nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,
Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:
sanguis erant lacrimae,
Luc. 9, 811:
ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:
tuos sum,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:
is enim fueram, cui, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—
2.
Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:
sic, inquit, est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:
est, inquit, ut dicis,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63:
quod ita cum sit,
id. ib. 1, 45, 69:
quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:
nec vero habere virtutem satis est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:
dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:
apud matrem recte est,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:
cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,
id. Deiot. 7, 19:
omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,
id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:
dicta impune erant,
Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:
quod in maritimis facillime sum,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:
locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,
id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—
B.
In partic.
1.
With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:
in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,
Nep. Att. 6, 1:
qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,
id. Them. 9, 1:
qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,
Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;
si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,
id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —
2.
With gen. or abl. denoting quality.
(α).
With gen.:
nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36:
disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,
id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:
magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,
id. Or. 21, 70:
(virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,
id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:
Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,
Sall. J. 95, 3:
summi ut sint laboris,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2:
civitas magnae auctoritatis,
id. ib. 5, 54:
refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:
se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:
qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,
id. ib. 11, 1:
invicti ad laborem corporis erat,
Liv. 9, 16:
nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,
id. 21, 60:
somni brevissimi erat,
Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:
classis centum navium,
Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:
annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,
Suet. Caes. 40.—
(β).
With abl.:
bono animo es,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:
jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,
id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:
bellum varia victoria fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 1:
L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,
id. C. 5, 1:
Sulla animo ingenti,
id. J. 95, 3:
esse magna gratia,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:
tenuissima valetudine esse,
id. ib. 5, 40:
si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,
id. Att. 2, 7, 2:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
ut bono essent animo,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:
ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,
id. ib. 1, 43, 67:
qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:
abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —
3.
With gen. or abl. of price or value.
(α).
With gen.:
pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:
videtur esse quantivis pretii,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:
a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,
id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:
si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:
ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,
id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:
ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:
magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:
parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76:
an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,
id. ib. 3, 23, 92:
parvi pretii est quod nihili est,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:
mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,
is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:
neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,
Sall. J. 85, 39:
erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,
Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —
(β).
With abl.: sextante sal et Romae et per totam I i aliam erat, was worth, stood at, Liv. 29, 37.—
4.
With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.
(α).
In gen.:
audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,
who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,
Liv. 37, 55, 5:
teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:
quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:
sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 333:
temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,
id. Sen. 6, 20:
est adulescentis majores natu vereri,
id. Off. 1, 34, 122:
Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,
Liv. 8, 12, 13:
tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,
id. 3, 48:
alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,
id. 22, 50:
jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:
hominum, non causarum, toti erant,
Liv. 3, 36:
plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,
were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:
Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,
id. 38, 3:
Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,
id. 42, 29:
est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:
quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:
negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:
non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:
est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:
est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,
Cic. Mur. 38, 83:
fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,
id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—
(β).
Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:
quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:
regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,
Sall. C. 6, 7:
qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,
Liv. 3, 31, 7:
ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,
id. 27, 9, 12:
nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,
id. 38, 51, 8:
frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,
id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—
5.
With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:
vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:
etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,
Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:
ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,
Liv. 2, 9:
magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,
id. 4, 21, 5:
cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,
id. 31, 13:
iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,
Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:
tu nec solvendo eras,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—
6.
With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.
(α).
Without second dat. of pers.:
auxilio is fuit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 94:
magis curae'st,
id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:
cui bono fuerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,
Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;
tamen ero frugi bonae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:
magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 21, 78:
multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:
haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,
Liv. 4, 13:
cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,
Quint. 7, 1, 2.—
(β).
With second dat. of pers.:
obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:
ne quid Captioni mihi sit,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:
mihi cordi est,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:
ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,
id. As. 3, 2, 25:
metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:
nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,
id. Most. 2, 1, 4:
bono usui estis nulli,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
quae sint nobis morbo mortique,
Lucr. 6, 1095:
quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:
omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:
accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:
ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,
id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §
144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,
Liv. 35, 23, 1:
sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,
id. 4, 7, 6:
si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,
Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:
quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,
id. Pan. 25, 3:
quantae sit mihi curae,
id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:
si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,
Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:
nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,
Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—
7.
Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:
vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato, R. R. 125:
completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—
8.
Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:
sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,
Cic. Brut. 46, 172:
quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,
id. Lael. 26, 97:
meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:
si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 6:
ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,
id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:
cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,
id. 8, 3, 89.—
9.
Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:
esse dederat monumentum,
Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).
2.
sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.
3.
sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sum
67 quī

quī quae, quod, gen. cuius (old, quoius), dat. cui (old, quoi), abl. quō, quā (with cum, m. quīcum or quōcum, rarely cum quō; f quācum, rarely quīcum), plur. quibus or quīs (with cum, usu. quibuscum), pron. [2 CA-]. I. Interrog, who? which? what? what kind of a? (mostly adj.; as subst., qui asks the nature or character, quis the name): Ubi alii? Sa. qui malum alii? T.: Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chaerea? T.: qui locus est: qui tantus fuit labor?: rogitat, qui vir esset, L.: scire, qui sit rei p. status, what is the state of the country: quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori canere, V.: incerti quae pars sequenda esset, which side to take, L.—As subst: nescimus qui sis: nec qui poterentur, satis discerni poterat, L.: qui ille concessus! what an assembly! II. Relat. (with a subst. or pron. as antecedent), who, which: habebat ducem, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset: ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit: haec, quae audistis: quod ego fui, id tu hodie es, L.: coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent, L.—The subst. is often attracted to the relat. clause, esp. when a pron dem. follows: quae res neque consilium... Habet, eam regere non potes, T.: ad quas res aptissimi erimus, in iis potissimum elaborabimus: quae augustissima vestis est, eā vestiti, L.: alii, quorum comoedia prisca virorum est, H.: si id te mordet, sumptum filii Quem faciunt, T.: Urbem quam statuo, vestra est, V.—The antecedent is sometimes repeated with the relat.: erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc., Cs.: si quod tempus accidisset, quo tempore requirerent, etc.—The antecedent is often omitted: quicum res tibist, peregrinus est, T.: fecit quod Siculi non audebant: o beati, Quīs ante ora patrum... Contigit, etc., V.—An antecedent in apposition is regularly attracted to the relat. clause: Tolosatium fines, quae civitas est in provincia, Cs.: Amanus, qui mons erat hostium plenus.—So in relat. clauses giving a personal characteristic as a reason: copiam verborum, quae vestra prudentia est, perspexistis, with your usual intelligence: utrum admonitus, an, quā est ipse sagacitate, sine duce ullo, i. e. by his own peculiar instinct.—A verb of which the relat. is subject takes the person of the antecedent: ego enim is sum, qui nihil fecerim: neque enim tu is es qui, qui sis, nescias: vidistis in vincula duci eum, qui a vobis vincula depuleram, L.: Themistocles veni ad te, qui intuli, etc., N.—With ellips. of verb: et, quem ei visum esset (sc. facere), fecisset heredem: ad haec, quae visum est, Caesar respondit, Cs.: hostiaeque maiores, quibus editum est diis, caesae, L.—In comparative clauses with sup: sit pro praetore eo iure quo qui optimo (i. e. quo is est, qui optimo iure est): legioni ita darent, ut quibus militibus amplissime dati essent: provincia, ut quae maxime omnium, belli avida, L.—By attraction, in the case of the antecedent (Greek constr.): nos tamen hoc confirmamus illo augurio, quo diximus: sexcentae eius generis, cuius supra demonstravimus, naves, Cs.: notante Iudice quo nosti populo, H.: natus est patre, quo diximus, N.: cum quibus ante dictum est copiis, L.—In the gender and number of a subst predic.: Belgae, quam tertiam esse Galliae partem dixeramus, Cs.: carcer ille, quae lautumiae vocantur: leges, quae fons est iuris, L.—In the gender and number of an antecedent not expressed: vicinitas, Quod ego in propinquā parte amicitiae puto, T.: laudare fortunas meas, Qui gnatum haberem, T.: quod monstrum vidimus, qui cum reo transigat?: servitia repudiabat, cuius magnae copiae, etc., S.—One relat. in place of two in different cases: quem neque pudet Quicquam, nec metuit quemquam (i. e. et qui non), T.: omnia quae amisi aut advorsa facta sunt, S.: qui iam fatetur... et non timeo (sc. quem): tyrannus, quem pertulit civitas paretque mortuo.—Implying a restriction, who indeed, as far as, all that: omnium eloquentissimi, quos ego audierim: antiquissimi sunt, quorum quidem scripta constent: Catonem vero quis nostrorum oratorum, qui quidem nunc sunt, legit?— Sing n., what, as far as, as much as, to the extent that: quod potero, adiutabo, T.: cura, quod potes, ut valeas: quod ad me attinet, as far as depends on me: quod ad Pomponiam, scribas velim, etc. (sc. attinet), as respects Pomponia.—Implying a purpose: equitatum praemisit, qui viderent, to see, Cs.: qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur, in order to bestow it: sibi urbem delegerat, quam haberet adiutricem: milites conduci, qui in Hispaniam traicerentur, L.—Implying a reason: Miseret tui me, qui hominem facias inimicum tibi, I am sorry for you, that you incur, etc., T.: Tarquinio quid impudentius, qui bellum gereret, etc.: at Cotta, qui cogitasset haec posse accidere... nullā in re deerat, Cs.: barbari dissipati, quibus nec certa imperia... essent, vertunt, etc., L.: Heu me miserum, qui spectavi, etc., T.—Implying a concession: rogitas? qui tam audacis facinoris mihi conscius sis? although you are, T.: hi exercitu luxuriem obiciebant, cui omnia defuissent, Cs.: quis est, qui Fabricii, Curii non memoriam usurpet, quos numquam viderit?: Rogitas? qui adduxti, etc., T.— Implying a result (qui consecutive): sapientia est una, quae maestitiam pellat ex animis, alone has power to drive: secutae sunt tempestates, quae nostros in castris continerent, Cs.: leniore sono uti, et qui illum impetum oratoris non habeat: haud parva res, sed quae patriciis potestatem auferret, L.—Esp., after a demonstr. pron., adj. or adv.: non sum ego is consul, qui arbitrer, etc., such a consul, as to suppose: neque tu is es, qui nescias, etc., no such man, as to be ignorant, etc.: nomen legati eius modi esse debet, quod inter hostium tela incolume versetur.—With quam, after a comp: non longius hostes aberant, quam quo telum adici posset (i. e. quam ut eo), Cs.: maiores arbores caedebant, quam quas ferre miles posset, L.—After an adj. of fitness: (Rufum) idoneum iudicaverat, quem mitteret, a fit person to send, Cs.: nulla videbatur aptior persona, quae loqueretur.—After a verb with indef subj. or obj. (described by the relat. clause): sunt qui mirentur, there are some, who, etc.: erunt qui audaciam eius reprehendant: si quis est, qui putet: ut invenirentur qui proficiscerentur: qui se ultro mo<*>ti offerant, facilius reperiuntur, quam qui dolorem patienter ferant, Cs.: haec habui, de amicitiā quae dicerem, had this to say: te unum habeo, quem dignum regno iudicem, L.: Nemost, quem ego magis cuperem videre, T.: nullum est animal, quod habeat, etc.—Where the relat. clause is conceived as a particular fact, it may take the indic: sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest, etc. (i. e. in quibusdam bestiis inest, etc.): sunt, qui eorum sectam sequuntur, i. e. they have followers: Sunt quos... iuvat, H.: Sunt, qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere, some (in gen.)... one (in particular), H.—In place of a pron demonstr. and conj: res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum, and it, etc.: ratio docet esse deos; quo concesso, confitendum est, etc., and if this is granted: centuriones hostīs vocare coeperunt; quorum progredi ausus est nemo, but no one of them, Cs.: perutiles libri sunt; quos legite, quaeso, therefore read them. III. Indef, whoever, any one who, all that, anything that: qui est homo tolerabilis, Scortari nolunt, T.: quae res... post eum quae essent, tuta reddebat, all that was in his rear, Cs.: facilius quod stulte dixeris reprehendere... possunt: virgis caesi, qui ad nomina non respondissent, L.— Any one, any ; with si, num, ne ; see 2 quis.
* * *
I
ADV

how?; how so; in what way; by what/which means; whereby; at whatever price
II
qua (quae), quod (qua/-quae P N) PRON ADJECT

any; anyone/anything, any such; unspecified some; (after si/sin/sive/ne)
III
quae, quod (quae P N) PRON REL

who; that; which, what; of which kind/drgree; person/thing/time/point that
IV
quae, quod (quae P N) PRON INTERR

who/what/which?, what/which one/man/person/thing? what kind/type of?

Latin-English dictionary > quī
68 ante

antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. anti, over against, facing, anta, antên; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.).
I.
Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).
A.
In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
1.
In space:
quem ante aedīs video,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:
ante ostium Me audivit stare,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5:
Ornatas paulo ante fores,
Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26:
ante meum limen,
Juv. 11, 190:
ante suum fundum,
Cic. Mil. 10:
ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur,
id. Off. 3, 14, 58:
ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras,
Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268:
ante altaria,
id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons:
ante hosce deos erant arulae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3:
quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere,
Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477:
ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit,
id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773:
ante se statuit funditores,
Liv. 42, 58:
Flos Asiae ante ipsum,
Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2:
si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos,
Juv. 8, 11.— Trop.:
ante oculos collocata,
Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192:
ante oculos errat domus,
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: [p. 128] causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9:
donec stet ante judicium,
Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of:
ante Dominum vilior fiam,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.:
non te justifices ante Deum,
ib. Eccli. 7, 5:
justi ambo ante Deum,
ib. Luc. 1, 6;
and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini,
ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of motion:
ante me ito,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70:
equitatum omnem ante se mittit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere,
id. B. C. 1, 55:
praecurrit ante omnes,
id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—
2.
Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one:
facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse,
Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz:
tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse,
superior to, Liv. 35, 14:
necessitas ante rationem est,
necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
a.
Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation;
also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120:
scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8:
tua ante omnes experientia,
Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9:
Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit,
Verg. A. 4, 59:
Ipse est ante omnes,
Vulg. Col. 1, 17:
O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo,
Verg. A. 3, 321:
ante omnes furor est insignis equarum,
id. G. 3, 266:
scelere ante alios immanior omnīs,
id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42:
ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus,
Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—
b.
Ante omnia.
(α).
Before all things, first of all:
alvus ante omnia ducitur,
Cels. 7, 30:
oportet autem ante omnia os nudare,
id. 8, 2:
Ante omnia instituit, ut etc.,
Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21:
Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc.,
Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—
(β).
Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty:
publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,
Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4:
quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis,
Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125:
dulces ante omnia Musae,
the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72:
deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum,
Juv. 10, 191.—
(γ).
In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, kai prôton men oun; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4):
ante omnia quid sit rhetorice,
Quint. 2, 15, 1:
ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit,
id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—
B.
Of time.
1.
Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf.
Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22:
ante diem caupo sciet,
Juv. 9, 108:
ante brumam,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:
ante noctem,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 51:
pereundum erit ante lucernas,
Juv. 10, 339:
ante haec omnia,
Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
a.
By a person who lived at the time:
jam ante Socratem,
before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44:
qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini,
before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3:
ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni,
Verg. G. 1, 125:
vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 25:
ante Helenam,
id. S. 1, 3, 107:
ante se,
Tac. H. 1, 50:
quod ante eum nemo,
Suet. Caes. 26 al. —
b.
By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64:
ante has meas litteras,
i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17:
per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro,
Liv. 1, 59:
ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5:
ante sidus fervidum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 27:
ante cibum,
id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428:
Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta,
before their A B C, id. 14, 209:
cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?
Verg. A. 11, 424:
Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas,
Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the designation of the office of a person:
ante aedilitatem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 17:
ante sceptrum Dictaei regis,
Verg. G. 2, 536:
ante imperium ducis,
Flor. 4, 2, 66:
relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis,
Just. 2, 10.—And by the designation of office in app. to the person:
mortuus est ante istum praetorem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115:
docuerant fabulas ante hos consules,
id. Brut. 18, 73:
cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3:
quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere,
id. Epam. 8, 3.—A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation:
ante hanc urbem conditam,
before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam):
non multo ante urbem captam,
id. Div. 1, 45:
ante Epaminondam natum,
Nep. Epam. 10, 4:
ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli,
Sall. J. 110, 2:
ante decemviros creatos,
Liv. 3, 53 al. —
2.
Hence particular phrases.
a.
Ante tempus,
(α).
Before the right time:
ante tempus excitatis suis,
Liv. 31, 36.—
(β).
Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time:
factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus,
Cic. Lael. 3:
honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit,
Suet. Aug. 26:
venisti ante tempus torquere nos?
Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).—
b.
Ante diem, poet.,
(α).
Before the time:
Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem,
Ov. A. A. 1, 184:
ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales,
Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—
(β).
Before the time destined by fate:
filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos,
Ov. M. 1, 148:
hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras,
id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739:
sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: ei de tou chronou prosthen thanoumai). —
c.
Ante hunc diem, with a negative:
istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem,
never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7:
neque umquam ante hunc diem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23:
Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit,
Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius). —
3.
Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20 th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21 st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24 th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12 th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3 d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.:
in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3:
ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr.,
Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3 d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17:
supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies,
Liv. 45, 2, 12.—
4.
Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment:
ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii,
Nep. Arist. 2, 3:
qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit,
id. Timoth. 2, 3:
invictus ante eam diem fuerat,
Curt. 5, 3, 22.—
5.
Ante annos, before the destined time:
Ante suos annos occidit,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46:
Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem,
beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.:
suos annos praeterire,
Sil. 4, 428; and:
annos transcendere factis,
id. 2, 348). —
6.
Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin:
ante hoc incognita,
Luc. 6, 116:
ante hoc domūs pars videntur,
Tac. G. 13.
II.
Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
A.
Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9:
fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat,
Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5:
coronatus stabit et ante calix,
Tib. 2, 5, 98:
plena oculis et ante et retro,
Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.):
si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro,
Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:
pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque,
Verg. G. 3, 552.—
B.
1.. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
a.
With verbs:
nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 4:
id te oro, ut ante eamus,
id. ib. 3, 3, 24;
very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset,
Cic. Phil. 11, 14:
quae ante acta sunt,
id. Verr. 1, 109:
sicut ante fecimus,
Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20:
fructus omnis ante actae vitae,
Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16:
apud vos ante feci mentionem,
Cic. Agr. 3, 4:
faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum,
id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320:
illud de quo ante dixi,
Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116:
quos ante dixi,
id. Off. 2, 14, 50:
ut ante dixi,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45:
quem ad modum ante dixi,
id. Sex. Rosc. 91:
additis, quae ante deliquerant,
Tac. A. 6, 9:
filium ante sublatum brevi amisit,
id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And often accomp. by jam:
acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by saepe.:
ut saepe ante fecerant,
Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—
b.
Rarely with adjj.:
non filius ante pudicus,
Juv. 3, 111:
quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos,
Tac. A. 14, 7.—
c.
Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.):
illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:
etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te,
id. Fam. 4, 9:
paucis diebus ante,
id. Phil. 2, 40:
viginti annis ante,
id. Lael. 12, 42:
voverat eam annis undecim ante,
Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51:
quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere,
a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7:
Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt,
a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5:
ante quadriennium amissus es,
four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45:
aliquot ante annos,
Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—
d.
With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum:
multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
haud multo ante adventum,
Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the order ante multo:
ante multo a te didicerimus,
Cic. Sen. 2, 6:
Venisti paulo ante in senatum,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30;
6, 29 et saep.—And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:
profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae,
id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. [p. 129] 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46:
tanto ante praedixeras,
id. Phil. 2, 33:
quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28:
quanto ante providerit,
Cic. Sest. 8:
permultum ante certior factus eram litteris,
id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—
2.
Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
a.
With ind. pres.:
ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi,
Cic. Quinct. 48:
ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam,
id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—
b.
With ind. perf.:
memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius,
id. Brut. 18, 72:
ante aliquanto quam tu natus es,
id. Fam. 10, 3:
neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit,
Liv. 39, 10:
ante quam ille est factus inimicus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—
c.
Rarely with fut. perf.:
ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari,
Cic. Phil. 11, 24:
neque defatigabor ante quam... percepero,
id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
d.
With subj. pres.:
ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet,
Cic. Agr. 2, 53:
hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur,
id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—
e.
With subj. imperf.:
Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 167:
qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium,
id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—
f.
With subj. perf.:
ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est,
Cic. Phil. 14, 1:
domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris,
id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40:
nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit,
Liv. 42, 52:
nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset,
Suet. Caes. 67.—
g.
With subj. pluperf.:
se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc.,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71:
qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi,
Cic. Planc. 98:
ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset,
id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—
h.
With inf.:
dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire,
Cic. Quinct. 54.—
i.
With part.:
armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt,
Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.;
and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante,
Lucr. 3, 972:
Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim,
Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam:
sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo,
Verg. A. 4, 24; so,
prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota?
Prop. 3, 20, 25.—
3.
For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum):
ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur,
Cels. 7, 29:
et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc.,
id. 5, 26:
ante tonderi... deinde... tum, etc.,
id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—
4.
Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek):
neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum,
earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. tôn paros kakôn, Soph. O. T. 1423):
ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem,
Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
III.
In composition.
A.
Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.—
B.
Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.—
C.
Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens—
D.
In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ante
69 anti

antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. anti, over against, facing, anta, antên; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.).
I.
Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).
A.
In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
1.
In space:
quem ante aedīs video,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:
ante ostium Me audivit stare,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5:
Ornatas paulo ante fores,
Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26:
ante meum limen,
Juv. 11, 190:
ante suum fundum,
Cic. Mil. 10:
ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur,
id. Off. 3, 14, 58:
ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras,
Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268:
ante altaria,
id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons:
ante hosce deos erant arulae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3:
quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere,
Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477:
ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit,
id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773:
ante se statuit funditores,
Liv. 42, 58:
Flos Asiae ante ipsum,
Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2:
si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos,
Juv. 8, 11.— Trop.:
ante oculos collocata,
Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192:
ante oculos errat domus,
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: [p. 128] causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9:
donec stet ante judicium,
Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of:
ante Dominum vilior fiam,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.:
non te justifices ante Deum,
ib. Eccli. 7, 5:
justi ambo ante Deum,
ib. Luc. 1, 6;
and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini,
ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of motion:
ante me ito,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70:
equitatum omnem ante se mittit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere,
id. B. C. 1, 55:
praecurrit ante omnes,
id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—
2.
Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one:
facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse,
Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz:
tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse,
superior to, Liv. 35, 14:
necessitas ante rationem est,
necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
a.
Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation;
also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120:
scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8:
tua ante omnes experientia,
Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9:
Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit,
Verg. A. 4, 59:
Ipse est ante omnes,
Vulg. Col. 1, 17:
O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo,
Verg. A. 3, 321:
ante omnes furor est insignis equarum,
id. G. 3, 266:
scelere ante alios immanior omnīs,
id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42:
ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus,
Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—
b.
Ante omnia.
(α).
Before all things, first of all:
alvus ante omnia ducitur,
Cels. 7, 30:
oportet autem ante omnia os nudare,
id. 8, 2:
Ante omnia instituit, ut etc.,
Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21:
Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc.,
Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—
(β).
Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty:
publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,
Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4:
quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis,
Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125:
dulces ante omnia Musae,
the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72:
deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum,
Juv. 10, 191.—
(γ).
In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, kai prôton men oun; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4):
ante omnia quid sit rhetorice,
Quint. 2, 15, 1:
ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit,
id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—
B.
Of time.
1.
Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf.
Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22:
ante diem caupo sciet,
Juv. 9, 108:
ante brumam,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:
ante noctem,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 51:
pereundum erit ante lucernas,
Juv. 10, 339:
ante haec omnia,
Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
a.
By a person who lived at the time:
jam ante Socratem,
before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44:
qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini,
before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3:
ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni,
Verg. G. 1, 125:
vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 25:
ante Helenam,
id. S. 1, 3, 107:
ante se,
Tac. H. 1, 50:
quod ante eum nemo,
Suet. Caes. 26 al. —
b.
By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64:
ante has meas litteras,
i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17:
per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro,
Liv. 1, 59:
ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5:
ante sidus fervidum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 27:
ante cibum,
id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428:
Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta,
before their A B C, id. 14, 209:
cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?
Verg. A. 11, 424:
Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas,
Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the designation of the office of a person:
ante aedilitatem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 17:
ante sceptrum Dictaei regis,
Verg. G. 2, 536:
ante imperium ducis,
Flor. 4, 2, 66:
relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis,
Just. 2, 10.—And by the designation of office in app. to the person:
mortuus est ante istum praetorem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115:
docuerant fabulas ante hos consules,
id. Brut. 18, 73:
cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3:
quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere,
id. Epam. 8, 3.—A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation:
ante hanc urbem conditam,
before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam):
non multo ante urbem captam,
id. Div. 1, 45:
ante Epaminondam natum,
Nep. Epam. 10, 4:
ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli,
Sall. J. 110, 2:
ante decemviros creatos,
Liv. 3, 53 al. —
2.
Hence particular phrases.
a.
Ante tempus,
(α).
Before the right time:
ante tempus excitatis suis,
Liv. 31, 36.—
(β).
Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time:
factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus,
Cic. Lael. 3:
honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit,
Suet. Aug. 26:
venisti ante tempus torquere nos?
Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).—
b.
Ante diem, poet.,
(α).
Before the time:
Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem,
Ov. A. A. 1, 184:
ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales,
Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—
(β).
Before the time destined by fate:
filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos,
Ov. M. 1, 148:
hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras,
id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739:
sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: ei de tou chronou prosthen thanoumai). —
c.
Ante hunc diem, with a negative:
istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem,
never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7:
neque umquam ante hunc diem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23:
Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit,
Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius). —
3.
Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20 th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21 st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24 th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12 th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3 d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.:
in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3:
ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr.,
Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3 d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17:
supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies,
Liv. 45, 2, 12.—
4.
Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment:
ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii,
Nep. Arist. 2, 3:
qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit,
id. Timoth. 2, 3:
invictus ante eam diem fuerat,
Curt. 5, 3, 22.—
5.
Ante annos, before the destined time:
Ante suos annos occidit,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46:
Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem,
beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.:
suos annos praeterire,
Sil. 4, 428; and:
annos transcendere factis,
id. 2, 348). —
6.
Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin:
ante hoc incognita,
Luc. 6, 116:
ante hoc domūs pars videntur,
Tac. G. 13.
II.
Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
A.
Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9:
fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat,
Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5:
coronatus stabit et ante calix,
Tib. 2, 5, 98:
plena oculis et ante et retro,
Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.):
si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro,
Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:
pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque,
Verg. G. 3, 552.—
B.
1.. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
a.
With verbs:
nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 4:
id te oro, ut ante eamus,
id. ib. 3, 3, 24;
very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset,
Cic. Phil. 11, 14:
quae ante acta sunt,
id. Verr. 1, 109:
sicut ante fecimus,
Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20:
fructus omnis ante actae vitae,
Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16:
apud vos ante feci mentionem,
Cic. Agr. 3, 4:
faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum,
id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320:
illud de quo ante dixi,
Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116:
quos ante dixi,
id. Off. 2, 14, 50:
ut ante dixi,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45:
quem ad modum ante dixi,
id. Sex. Rosc. 91:
additis, quae ante deliquerant,
Tac. A. 6, 9:
filium ante sublatum brevi amisit,
id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And often accomp. by jam:
acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by saepe.:
ut saepe ante fecerant,
Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—
b.
Rarely with adjj.:
non filius ante pudicus,
Juv. 3, 111:
quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos,
Tac. A. 14, 7.—
c.
Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.):
illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:
etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te,
id. Fam. 4, 9:
paucis diebus ante,
id. Phil. 2, 40:
viginti annis ante,
id. Lael. 12, 42:
voverat eam annis undecim ante,
Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51:
quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere,
a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7:
Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt,
a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5:
ante quadriennium amissus es,
four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45:
aliquot ante annos,
Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—
d.
With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum:
multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
haud multo ante adventum,
Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the order ante multo:
ante multo a te didicerimus,
Cic. Sen. 2, 6:
Venisti paulo ante in senatum,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30;
6, 29 et saep.—And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:
profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae,
id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. [p. 129] 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46:
tanto ante praedixeras,
id. Phil. 2, 33:
quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28:
quanto ante providerit,
Cic. Sest. 8:
permultum ante certior factus eram litteris,
id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—
2.
Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
a.
With ind. pres.:
ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi,
Cic. Quinct. 48:
ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam,
id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—
b.
With ind. perf.:
memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius,
id. Brut. 18, 72:
ante aliquanto quam tu natus es,
id. Fam. 10, 3:
neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit,
Liv. 39, 10:
ante quam ille est factus inimicus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—
c.
Rarely with fut. perf.:
ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari,
Cic. Phil. 11, 24:
neque defatigabor ante quam... percepero,
id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
d.
With subj. pres.:
ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet,
Cic. Agr. 2, 53:
hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur,
id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—
e.
With subj. imperf.:
Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 167:
qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium,
id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—
f.
With subj. perf.:
ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est,
Cic. Phil. 14, 1:
domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris,
id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40:
nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit,
Liv. 42, 52:
nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset,
Suet. Caes. 67.—
g.
With subj. pluperf.:
se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc.,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71:
qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi,
Cic. Planc. 98:
ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset,
id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—
h.
With inf.:
dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire,
Cic. Quinct. 54.—
i.
With part.:
armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt,
Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.;
and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante,
Lucr. 3, 972:
Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim,
Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam:
sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo,
Verg. A. 4, 24; so,
prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota?
Prop. 3, 20, 25.—
3.
For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum):
ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur,
Cels. 7, 29:
et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc.,
id. 5, 26:
ante tonderi... deinde... tum, etc.,
id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—
4.
Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek):
neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum,
earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. tôn paros kakôn, Soph. O. T. 1423):
ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem,
Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
III.
In composition.
A.
Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.—
B.
Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.—
C.
Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens—
D.
In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > anti
70 consulo

consŭlo, lŭi, ltum, 3, v. n. and a. [from con and root sal-; cf. consul and consilium].
I.
To consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, reflect upon, consult.
A.
Neutr.
1.
In gen.
(α).
Absol.: quid nunc? etiam consulis? do you still deliberate, i. e. hesitate? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 171; cf. id. Truc. 2, 4, 75 Speng.: ne quid in consulendo adversi eveniat, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:
consulto opus est,
there is need of deliberation, Sall. C. 1, 6:
dum tempus consulendi est,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19:
satis facere consulentibus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:
ut omnium rerum vobis ad consulendum potestas esset,
Liv. 8, 13, 18:
ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent,
id. 21, 16, 2:
praesidium consulenti curiae,
Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.—
(β).
With in and acc.:
consulere in longitudinem,
to take thought for the future, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 10:
in commune,
for the common good, id. And. 3, 3, 16; Liv. 32, 21, 1; Tac. A. 12, 5; id. Agr. 12; Curt. 5, 9, 14;
and in the same sense: in medium,
Verg. A. 11, 335; Liv. 24, 22, 15; Tac. H. 2, 5; Luc. 5, 46:
in unum,
Tac. H. 1, 68; 4, 70:
in publicum (opp. suscipere proprias simultates),
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Tac. A. 1, 24.—
(γ).
With de and abl.:
bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; so,
de communibus negotiis,
id. J. 105, 1:
de salute suorum,
Cic. Sull. 22, 63:
omnibus de rebus,
Tac. A. 4, 40.—
(δ).
With ut or ne:
consulere vivi ac prospicere debemus, ut illorum (liberorum) solitudo munita sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153:
tu ne qua manus se attollere nobis A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe,
Verg. A. 9, 322.— Impers.:
ut urbi... satis esset praesidii, consultum atque provisum est,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:
ne deficerent, consulendum esse,
Cels. 3, 4, 31.—
2.
Esp., consulere alicui or alicui rei, to take care for some person or thing, to be mindful of, take care of, look to, have regard for, to counsel or consult for:
tuae rei bene consulere cupio,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 9:
quid me fiat, parvi pendis, dum illi consulas,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 37:
qui parti civium consulunt, partem neglegunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: consulere eorum commodis et utilitati salutique [p. 442] servire, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; so,
famae, pudicitiae tuae,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 3:
dignitati meae,
id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:
suae vitae,
Caes. B. G. 7, 12:
receptui sibi,
id. B. C. 3, 69:
reipublicae juxta ac sibi,
Sall. C. 37, 8; id. J. 58, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:
timori magis quam religioni,
Caes. B. C. 1, 67; cf.:
magis irae quam famae,
Sall. C. 51, 7:
qui mi consultum optime velit esse,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1: mi ires consultum male? to counsel evil or badly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 36; so,
male patriae,
Nep. Epam. 10, 1; id. Phoc. 2, 2.—With si:
melius consulet (sibi), si, etc.,
Cels. 1, 3, 55.—
B.
Act.
1.
Consulere aliquem (or aliquid), to consult with one, to ask his opinion or advice, to ask counsel of, to consult, question (for the sake of advice).
a.
In gen.:
cum te consuluissem, quid mihi faciendum esse censeres,
Cic. Fam. 11, 29, 1:
te, qui philosophum audis,
id. ib. 9, 26, 1:
Apellem tragoedum, uter, etc.,
Suet. Calig. 33 al. —Of inanim. objects:
speculum suum,
Ov. A. A. 3, 136; cf.:
spectatas undas, quid se deceat,
id. M. 4, 312:
nares, an olerent aera Corinthōn,
Mart. 9, 60, 11:
diem de gemmis, etc.,
Ov. A. A. 1, 251 sq.:
animum nostrum,
Quint. 4, 2, 52:
aures meas,
id. 9, 4, 93:
suas vires,
id. 10, 2, 18 al. —With two accs.:
ibo et consulam hanc rem amicos, quid faciundum censeant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 26:
nec te id consulo,
Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2:
consulere prudentiorem coepi aetates tabularum,
Petr. 88.—Freq.,
b.
Esp. as t. t.
(α).
In the lang. of religion, to consult a deity, an oracle, omens, etc.:
Apollinem de re,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:
deum consuluit auguriis, quae suscipienda essent,
Liv. 1, 20, 7:
deos hominum fibris,
Tac. A. 14, 30 fin.:
Phoebi oracula,
Ov. M. 3, 9; Suet. Vesp. 5:
Tiresiam conjectorem,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76:
haruspicem,
Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11; Suet. Tib. 63; Cato, R. R. 5, 4:
vates nunc extis, nunc per aves,
Liv. 2, 42, 10:
Cumaeam anum,
Ov. F. 4, 158:
avem primum visam augur,
id. ib. 1, 180:
spirantia exta,
Verg. A. 4, 64; so,
trepidantia exta,
Ov. M. 15, 576:
sacras sortes,
id. ib. 11, 412:
Etrusci haruspices male consulentes,
Gell. 4, 5, 5.— Pass. impers.:
si publice consuletur... sin privatim,
Tac. G. 10. —With dependent question:
senatus pontificum collegium consuli jussit, num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset,
Liv. 39, 5, 9:
consulti per ludibrium pontifices, an concepto necdum edito partu rite nuberet,
Tac. A. 1, 10.—
(β).
In judic. lang., to ask advice of a lawyer, to consult, etc.:
quam inanes domus eorum omnium, qui de jure civili consuli solent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:
consuli quidem te a Caesare scribis: sed ego tibi ab illo consuli mallem,
id. Fam. 7, 11, 2:
si jus consuleres, peritissimus,
Liv. 39, 40, 6:
munus hoc eorum qui consuluntur,
i. e. who are skilled in the law, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; so id. Quint. 16, 53.—
With dependent question: consulens eum, an seni jam testato suaderet ordinare suprema judicia,
Quint. 6, 3, 92.—The formula usual in asking advice was, licet consulere? Cic. Mur. 13, 28; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 192.—
(γ).
In publicists' lang., to take counsel with the competent authorities, to consult:
Quirites, utrum, etc.,
Liv. 31, 7, 2; so,
senatum,
Sall. J. 28, 2:
senatum de foedere,
id. ib. 39, 2;
62, 10: populum de ejus morte,
Cic. Mil. 7, 16:
plebem in omnia (tribuni),
Liv. 6, 39, 2 al. —
2.
Aliquid.
a.
To take counsel or deliberate upon something, to consider:
est consulere quiddam quod tecum volo,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 53; id. Pers. 5, 2, 63:
rem delatam consulere ordine non licuit,
Liv. 2, 28, 2; so,
consulere et explorare rem,
Cic. Att. 2, 16, 4:
consulis rem nulli obscuram,
Verg. A. 11, 344 al.:
bis repulsi Galli quid agant consulunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 83.—
b.
To advise something, to give advice:
tun' consulis quicquam?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 22.— Absol.:
ab re consulit blandiloquentulus,
advises to his hurt, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 17.
II.
Sometimes meton. (causa pro effectu).
A.
To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine.
1.
Neutr.; constr. absol. or with de aliquo or in aliquem:
de nullis quam de vobis infestius aut inimicius consuluerunt,
Liv. 28, 29, 8; so,
de perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis,
id. 30, 43, 13:
in humiliores libidinose crudeliterque consulebatur,
id. 3, 36, 7; so,
crudeliter in deditos victosque,
id. 8, 13, 15; cf. Tac. Agr. 16. —
2.
Act.:
quid in concilio consuluistis?
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 6:
animum ego inducam tamen, ut illud, quod tuam in rem bene conducat, consulam,
id. Cist. 3, 4: ne quid gravius de salute tuā consulas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 1:
pessime istuc in te atque in illum consulis,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 28:
quae reges irā inpulsi male consuluerint,
Sall. C. 51, 4:
nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,
id. J. 95, 3.— Pass. impers.:
aliter mihi de illis ac de me ipso consulendum est,
Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3.—
B.
With the access. idea of judging, in the connection boni, optimi aliquid consulere, to excuse, take in good part, interpret favorably; be contented, pleased, or satisfied with:
sit consul a consulendo vel a judicando: nam et hoc consulere veteres vocaverunt, unde adhuc remanet illud Rogat boni consulas, id est bonum judices,
Quint. 1, 6, 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 8 Müll.: nemo hoc rex ausus est facere, eane fieri bonis, bono genere gnatis boni consulitis? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:
boni consulendum,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 40 Müll.:
tu haec quaeso consule missa boni,
Ov. P. 3, 8, 24; cf. id. Tr. 4, 1, 106; so,
nostrum laborem,
Quint. 6, prooem. § 16; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 3:
hoc munus,
Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 8; id. Prov. 2, 4; id. Ep. 9, 20; 17, 9; 88, 17:
quaerebat argentum avaritia: boni consuluit interim invenisse minium,
Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 4;
8, 16, 17, § 44: boni et optimi consulere,
App. M. 8, p. 205, 28.— Hence,
1.
consultus, a, um, P. a.
A.
Well considered or weighed, deliberated upon, maturely pondered:
bene consultum consilium surripitur saepissume, si minus, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 5 sq.:
ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250: neque eam usquam invenio, neque quo eam, neque quā quaeram consultum'st, I know neither, etc., Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 6:
operā consultā,
with mature reflection, Gell. 7 (6), 17, 3;
in the same sense, consulto consilio,
Paul. Sent. 1, 9, 6:
consultius est huic poenalem quoque stipulationem subjungere,
it is better. more advantageous, Dig. 2, 15, 15.—
B.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Knowing, skilful, experienced, practised, esp. in law; skilled or learned in the law:
non ille magis juris consultus quam justitiae fuit,
Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 10:
juris atque eloquentiae,
Liv. 10, 22, 7:
consultissimus vir omnis divini atque humani juris,
id. 1, 18, 1; cf. Gell. 1, 13, 10:
insanientis sapientiae,
Hor. C. 1, 34, 3:
universae disciplinae,
Col. 11, 1, 12.—Hence, subst.: consultus, i, m., a lawyer:
tu consultus modo rusticus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep 2, 2, 87; 2, 2, 159; Ov. A. A. 1, 83.— Esp. with juris, often written as one word, jūrisconsultus, i, m., v. h. v.— Absol.:
ut natura non disciplinā consultus esse videatur,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:
consultorum alterum disertissimum, disertorum alterum consultissimum fuisse,
id. Brut. 40, 148:
consultiores sibimet videntur Deo,
Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.—
2.
Subst.: consultum, i, n.
A.
(Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) A consultation, inquiry of a deity:
Sostratus (sacerdos) ubi laeta et congruentia exta magnisque consultis annuere deam videt, etc.,
Tac. H. 2, 4.—
B.
(Acc. to II.) A decree, decision, resolution, plan; so first, Senatus consultum, or in one word, Senatusconsul-tum, a decree of the Senate (most freq. in all periods; the senatus consulta were not, like the plebiscita, the supreme law of the republic; but under the emperors, all new laws took this form, v. esp. Sandars, Introd., Just. Inst. § 15;
1, 2, 5),
Sall. C. 42, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149:
senatus consultum est quod senatus jubet atque constituit, nam cum auctus esset populus Romanus... aequum visum est senatum vice populi consuli,
Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5;
for which, consulta Patrum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 41. —Of a decree of the Sicilian council:
ne senatus consultum Siculi homines facere possent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146.—Also in other connections:
facta et consulta fortium et sapientium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 62; cf.:
facta consultaque Alexandri,
Sall. H. 3, 7 Dietsch:
consulta et decreta,
id. J. 11, 5:
consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere,
all objects of consultation, plans, id. ib. 108, 2; cf.:
ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque,
plans, Liv. 25, 16, 4; and:
approbare collegam consulta,
id. 10, 39, 10:
dum consulta petis,
responses, oracles, divinations, Verg. A. 6, 151:
tua magna,
decisions, id. ib. 11, 410; so,
mollia,
Tac. A. 1, 40:
mala,
id. ib. 6, 6:
ex consulto factum,
purposely, voluntarily, Auct. Her. 2, 30, 49.—Hence, adv., considerately, deliberately, designedly, on purpose.
(α).
Form consultō (class. in prose and poetry):
utrum perturbatione aliquā animi an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria,
Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 43; Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 85; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 37; Sall. J. 60, 5; 64, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 19; Tac. A. 4, 16; Suet. Caes. 56; * Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 al. —
(β).
Form consultē (mostly ante- and post-class.):
qui consulte, docte atque astute cavet,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:
caute atque consulte gesta,
Liv. 22, 38, 11; Spart. Had. 2.— Comp., Liv. 22, 24, 3; Tac. H. 2, 24. — Sup., Capitol. Pert. 7.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consulo
71 R

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.
I.
The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —
II.
In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —
III.
R is assimilated,
a.
Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —
b.
Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —
IV.
R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —
V.
As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > R
72 r

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.
I.
The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —
II.
In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —
III.
R is assimilated,
a.
Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —
b.
Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —
IV.
R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —
V.
As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > r
73 Senatusconsultum

consŭlo, lŭi, ltum, 3, v. n. and a. [from con and root sal-; cf. consul and consilium].
I.
To consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, reflect upon, consult.
A.
Neutr.
1.
In gen.
(α).
Absol.: quid nunc? etiam consulis? do you still deliberate, i. e. hesitate? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 171; cf. id. Truc. 2, 4, 75 Speng.: ne quid in consulendo adversi eveniat, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:
consulto opus est,
there is need of deliberation, Sall. C. 1, 6:
dum tempus consulendi est,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19:
satis facere consulentibus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:
ut omnium rerum vobis ad consulendum potestas esset,
Liv. 8, 13, 18:
ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent,
id. 21, 16, 2:
praesidium consulenti curiae,
Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.—
(β).
With in and acc.:
consulere in longitudinem,
to take thought for the future, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 10:
in commune,
for the common good, id. And. 3, 3, 16; Liv. 32, 21, 1; Tac. A. 12, 5; id. Agr. 12; Curt. 5, 9, 14;
and in the same sense: in medium,
Verg. A. 11, 335; Liv. 24, 22, 15; Tac. H. 2, 5; Luc. 5, 46:
in unum,
Tac. H. 1, 68; 4, 70:
in publicum (opp. suscipere proprias simultates),
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Tac. A. 1, 24.—
(γ).
With de and abl.:
bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; so,
de communibus negotiis,
id. J. 105, 1:
de salute suorum,
Cic. Sull. 22, 63:
omnibus de rebus,
Tac. A. 4, 40.—
(δ).
With ut or ne:
consulere vivi ac prospicere debemus, ut illorum (liberorum) solitudo munita sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153:
tu ne qua manus se attollere nobis A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe,
Verg. A. 9, 322.— Impers.:
ut urbi... satis esset praesidii, consultum atque provisum est,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:
ne deficerent, consulendum esse,
Cels. 3, 4, 31.—
2.
Esp., consulere alicui or alicui rei, to take care for some person or thing, to be mindful of, take care of, look to, have regard for, to counsel or consult for:
tuae rei bene consulere cupio,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 9:
quid me fiat, parvi pendis, dum illi consulas,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 37:
qui parti civium consulunt, partem neglegunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: consulere eorum commodis et utilitati salutique [p. 442] servire, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; so,
famae, pudicitiae tuae,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 3:
dignitati meae,
id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:
suae vitae,
Caes. B. G. 7, 12:
receptui sibi,
id. B. C. 3, 69:
reipublicae juxta ac sibi,
Sall. C. 37, 8; id. J. 58, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:
timori magis quam religioni,
Caes. B. C. 1, 67; cf.:
magis irae quam famae,
Sall. C. 51, 7:
qui mi consultum optime velit esse,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1: mi ires consultum male? to counsel evil or badly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 36; so,
male patriae,
Nep. Epam. 10, 1; id. Phoc. 2, 2.—With si:
melius consulet (sibi), si, etc.,
Cels. 1, 3, 55.—
B.
Act.
1.
Consulere aliquem (or aliquid), to consult with one, to ask his opinion or advice, to ask counsel of, to consult, question (for the sake of advice).
a.
In gen.:
cum te consuluissem, quid mihi faciendum esse censeres,
Cic. Fam. 11, 29, 1:
te, qui philosophum audis,
id. ib. 9, 26, 1:
Apellem tragoedum, uter, etc.,
Suet. Calig. 33 al. —Of inanim. objects:
speculum suum,
Ov. A. A. 3, 136; cf.:
spectatas undas, quid se deceat,
id. M. 4, 312:
nares, an olerent aera Corinthōn,
Mart. 9, 60, 11:
diem de gemmis, etc.,
Ov. A. A. 1, 251 sq.:
animum nostrum,
Quint. 4, 2, 52:
aures meas,
id. 9, 4, 93:
suas vires,
id. 10, 2, 18 al. —With two accs.:
ibo et consulam hanc rem amicos, quid faciundum censeant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 26:
nec te id consulo,
Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2:
consulere prudentiorem coepi aetates tabularum,
Petr. 88.—Freq.,
b.
Esp. as t. t.
(α).
In the lang. of religion, to consult a deity, an oracle, omens, etc.:
Apollinem de re,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:
deum consuluit auguriis, quae suscipienda essent,
Liv. 1, 20, 7:
deos hominum fibris,
Tac. A. 14, 30 fin.:
Phoebi oracula,
Ov. M. 3, 9; Suet. Vesp. 5:
Tiresiam conjectorem,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76:
haruspicem,
Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11; Suet. Tib. 63; Cato, R. R. 5, 4:
vates nunc extis, nunc per aves,
Liv. 2, 42, 10:
Cumaeam anum,
Ov. F. 4, 158:
avem primum visam augur,
id. ib. 1, 180:
spirantia exta,
Verg. A. 4, 64; so,
trepidantia exta,
Ov. M. 15, 576:
sacras sortes,
id. ib. 11, 412:
Etrusci haruspices male consulentes,
Gell. 4, 5, 5.— Pass. impers.:
si publice consuletur... sin privatim,
Tac. G. 10. —With dependent question:
senatus pontificum collegium consuli jussit, num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset,
Liv. 39, 5, 9:
consulti per ludibrium pontifices, an concepto necdum edito partu rite nuberet,
Tac. A. 1, 10.—
(β).
In judic. lang., to ask advice of a lawyer, to consult, etc.:
quam inanes domus eorum omnium, qui de jure civili consuli solent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:
consuli quidem te a Caesare scribis: sed ego tibi ab illo consuli mallem,
id. Fam. 7, 11, 2:
si jus consuleres, peritissimus,
Liv. 39, 40, 6:
munus hoc eorum qui consuluntur,
i. e. who are skilled in the law, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; so id. Quint. 16, 53.—
With dependent question: consulens eum, an seni jam testato suaderet ordinare suprema judicia,
Quint. 6, 3, 92.—The formula usual in asking advice was, licet consulere? Cic. Mur. 13, 28; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 192.—
(γ).
In publicists' lang., to take counsel with the competent authorities, to consult:
Quirites, utrum, etc.,
Liv. 31, 7, 2; so,
senatum,
Sall. J. 28, 2:
senatum de foedere,
id. ib. 39, 2;
62, 10: populum de ejus morte,
Cic. Mil. 7, 16:
plebem in omnia (tribuni),
Liv. 6, 39, 2 al. —
2.
Aliquid.
a.
To take counsel or deliberate upon something, to consider:
est consulere quiddam quod tecum volo,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 53; id. Pers. 5, 2, 63:
rem delatam consulere ordine non licuit,
Liv. 2, 28, 2; so,
consulere et explorare rem,
Cic. Att. 2, 16, 4:
consulis rem nulli obscuram,
Verg. A. 11, 344 al.:
bis repulsi Galli quid agant consulunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 83.—
b.
To advise something, to give advice:
tun' consulis quicquam?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 22.— Absol.:
ab re consulit blandiloquentulus,
advises to his hurt, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 17.
II.
Sometimes meton. (causa pro effectu).
A.
To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine.
1.
Neutr.; constr. absol. or with de aliquo or in aliquem:
de nullis quam de vobis infestius aut inimicius consuluerunt,
Liv. 28, 29, 8; so,
de perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis,
id. 30, 43, 13:
in humiliores libidinose crudeliterque consulebatur,
id. 3, 36, 7; so,
crudeliter in deditos victosque,
id. 8, 13, 15; cf. Tac. Agr. 16. —
2.
Act.:
quid in concilio consuluistis?
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 6:
animum ego inducam tamen, ut illud, quod tuam in rem bene conducat, consulam,
id. Cist. 3, 4: ne quid gravius de salute tuā consulas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 1:
pessime istuc in te atque in illum consulis,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 28:
quae reges irā inpulsi male consuluerint,
Sall. C. 51, 4:
nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,
id. J. 95, 3.— Pass. impers.:
aliter mihi de illis ac de me ipso consulendum est,
Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3.—
B.
With the access. idea of judging, in the connection boni, optimi aliquid consulere, to excuse, take in good part, interpret favorably; be contented, pleased, or satisfied with:
sit consul a consulendo vel a judicando: nam et hoc consulere veteres vocaverunt, unde adhuc remanet illud Rogat boni consulas, id est bonum judices,
Quint. 1, 6, 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 8 Müll.: nemo hoc rex ausus est facere, eane fieri bonis, bono genere gnatis boni consulitis? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:
boni consulendum,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 40 Müll.:
tu haec quaeso consule missa boni,
Ov. P. 3, 8, 24; cf. id. Tr. 4, 1, 106; so,
nostrum laborem,
Quint. 6, prooem. § 16; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 3:
hoc munus,
Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 8; id. Prov. 2, 4; id. Ep. 9, 20; 17, 9; 88, 17:
quaerebat argentum avaritia: boni consuluit interim invenisse minium,
Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 4;
8, 16, 17, § 44: boni et optimi consulere,
App. M. 8, p. 205, 28.— Hence,
1.
consultus, a, um, P. a.
A.
Well considered or weighed, deliberated upon, maturely pondered:
bene consultum consilium surripitur saepissume, si minus, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 5 sq.:
ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250: neque eam usquam invenio, neque quo eam, neque quā quaeram consultum'st, I know neither, etc., Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 6:
operā consultā,
with mature reflection, Gell. 7 (6), 17, 3;
in the same sense, consulto consilio,
Paul. Sent. 1, 9, 6:
consultius est huic poenalem quoque stipulationem subjungere,
it is better. more advantageous, Dig. 2, 15, 15.—
B.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Knowing, skilful, experienced, practised, esp. in law; skilled or learned in the law:
non ille magis juris consultus quam justitiae fuit,
Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 10:
juris atque eloquentiae,
Liv. 10, 22, 7:
consultissimus vir omnis divini atque humani juris,
id. 1, 18, 1; cf. Gell. 1, 13, 10:
insanientis sapientiae,
Hor. C. 1, 34, 3:
universae disciplinae,
Col. 11, 1, 12.—Hence, subst.: consultus, i, m., a lawyer:
tu consultus modo rusticus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep 2, 2, 87; 2, 2, 159; Ov. A. A. 1, 83.— Esp. with juris, often written as one word, jūrisconsultus, i, m., v. h. v.— Absol.:
ut natura non disciplinā consultus esse videatur,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:
consultorum alterum disertissimum, disertorum alterum consultissimum fuisse,
id. Brut. 40, 148:
consultiores sibimet videntur Deo,
Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.—
2.
Subst.: consultum, i, n.
A.
(Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) A consultation, inquiry of a deity:
Sostratus (sacerdos) ubi laeta et congruentia exta magnisque consultis annuere deam videt, etc.,
Tac. H. 2, 4.—
B.
(Acc. to II.) A decree, decision, resolution, plan; so first, Senatus consultum, or in one word, Senatusconsul-tum, a decree of the Senate (most freq. in all periods; the senatus consulta were not, like the plebiscita, the supreme law of the republic; but under the emperors, all new laws took this form, v. esp. Sandars, Introd., Just. Inst. § 15;
1, 2, 5),
Sall. C. 42, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149:
senatus consultum est quod senatus jubet atque constituit, nam cum auctus esset populus Romanus... aequum visum est senatum vice populi consuli,
Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5;
for which, consulta Patrum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 41. —Of a decree of the Sicilian council:
ne senatus consultum Siculi homines facere possent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146.—Also in other connections:
facta et consulta fortium et sapientium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 62; cf.:
facta consultaque Alexandri,
Sall. H. 3, 7 Dietsch:
consulta et decreta,
id. J. 11, 5:
consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere,
all objects of consultation, plans, id. ib. 108, 2; cf.:
ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque,
plans, Liv. 25, 16, 4; and:
approbare collegam consulta,
id. 10, 39, 10:
dum consulta petis,
responses, oracles, divinations, Verg. A. 6, 151:
tua magna,
decisions, id. ib. 11, 410; so,
mollia,
Tac. A. 1, 40:
mala,
id. ib. 6, 6:
ex consulto factum,
purposely, voluntarily, Auct. Her. 2, 30, 49.—Hence, adv., considerately, deliberately, designedly, on purpose.
(α).
Form consultō (class. in prose and poetry):
utrum perturbatione aliquā animi an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria,
Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 43; Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 85; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 37; Sall. J. 60, 5; 64, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 19; Tac. A. 4, 16; Suet. Caes. 56; * Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 al. —
(β).
Form consultē (mostly ante- and post-class.):
qui consulte, docte atque astute cavet,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:
caute atque consulte gesta,
Liv. 22, 38, 11; Spart. Had. 2.— Comp., Liv. 22, 24, 3; Tac. H. 2, 24. — Sup., Capitol. Pert. 7.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Senatusconsultum
74 capio

1.
căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:
capsimus,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:
sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:
cape hoc flabellum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:
cepit manibus tympanum,
Cat. 6, 3, 8:
tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,
Verg. A. 2, 717:
cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,
id. G. 3, 420:
flammeum,
Cat. 61, 8:
acria pocula,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:
lora,
Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:
baculum,
Ov. M. 2, 789:
colum cum calathis,
id. ib. 12, 475:
florem ternis digitis,
Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:
pignera,
Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:
ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,
Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:
rem pignori,
Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:
scutum laeva,
Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:
capias tu illius vestem,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;
and of particular weapons: ensem,
Ov. M. 13, 435:
tela,
id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:
quicum una cibum Capere soleo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:
lauti cibum capiunt,
Tac. G. 22.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of living objects.
a.
To take into possession, take captive, seize, make prisoner.
(α).
Of persons:
oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):
quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,
Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26:
reges capiuntur,
Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:
capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,
Liv. 22, 49, 18:
quos Byzantii ceperat,
Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:
captos ostendere civibus hostes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:
captus Tarento Livius,
Cic. Brut. 18, 72:
servus ex hoste captus,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:
in captos clementia uti,
Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:
inludere capto,
Verg. A. 2, 64:
quae sit fiducia capto,
id. ib. 2, 75:
ex captorum numero,
Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:
dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
(β).
Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:
si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,
id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:
hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 763:
neque quicquam captum'st piscium,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:
nisi quid concharum capsimus,
id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:
cervum,
Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:
hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,
Verg. G. 4, 396.—
b.
To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:
quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,
Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:
quamvis voluptate capiatur,
id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:
quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:
secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,
id. Att. 4, 1:
nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,
Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;
erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,
Hor. A. P. 362:
hunc capit argenti splendor,
id. S. 1, 4, 28:
te conjux aliena capit,
id. ib. 2, 7, 46:
Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,
Prop. 1, 1, 1:
carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,
Tib. 3, 1, 7:
munditiis capimur,
Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;
14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,
Liv. 30, 12, 18:
dulcedine vocis,
Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:
voce nova,
id. ib. 1, 678:
temperie aquarum,
id. ib. 4, 344:
(bos) herba captus viridi,
Verg. E. 6, 59:
amoenitate loci,
Tac. A. 18, 52:
auro,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:
neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,
Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
splendore hominis,
id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;
nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
c.
To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:
sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:
injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?
Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:
eodem captus errore quo nos,
involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:
ne quo errore milites caperentur,
Liv. 8, 6, 16:
capere ante dolis Reginam,
Verg. A. 1, 673:
captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),
id. ib. 2, 196:
ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,
Sall. J. 14, 11:
adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. C. 14, 5:
capi alicujus dolo,
Nep. Dat. 10, 1:
dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,
Liv. 23, 35, 2:
quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,
Ov. M. 7, 301.—
d.
To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):
tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:
tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),
Cic. Mur. 9, 22:
callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),
id. Brut. 48, 178.—
e.
To deprive one of his powers or faculties, to harm.
(α).
Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):
mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:
ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,
loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:
captus omnibus membris,
id. 2, 36, 8:
capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,
id. 21, 58, 5:
oculis membrisque captus,
Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:
congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:
si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,
id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:
habuit filium captum altero oculo,
Suet. Vit. 6:
censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,
Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:
lumine,
Ov. F. 6, 204:
princeps pedibus captus,
Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:
captum leto posuit caput,
Verg. A. 11, 830;
and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,
id. G. 1, 183.—
(β).
Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:
labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:
vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,
id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;
rarely mentibu' capti,
Lucr. 4, 1022; so,
animo,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:
captus animi,
Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:
virgines captae furore,
Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:
viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,
Liv. 39, 13, 12:
captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,
id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:
capti et stupentes animi,
id. 6, 36, 8.—
f.
To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:
de istac sum judex captus,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:
Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,
Liv. 3, 71, 2:
me cepere arbitrum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:
te mihi patronam capio, Thais,
id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:
quom illum generum cepimus,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:
non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,
make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:
si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,
id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:
plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,
Gell. 1, 12, 15:
jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,
Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:
religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:
C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,
Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
2.
Of places.
a.
To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:
loca capere, castra munire,
Caes. B. G. 3, 23:
castris locum capere,
Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:
locum capere castris,
Quint. 12, 2, 5:
ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:
ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,
Nep. Ages. 6, 2:
nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,
Liv. 34, 14, 1:
neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,
id. 35, 14, 9:
erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,
id. 35, 28, 1:
locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,
Sall. J. 58, 3:
duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,
Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,
of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,
Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:
tumulum suis cepit,
Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;
for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,
Liv. 1, 6, 4;
for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,
id. 9, 43, 20:
Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,
Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:
ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),
Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
b.
To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:
invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:
MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
CORSICAM,
Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):
ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,
Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:
Troja capta,
Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:
urbem opulentissimam,
id. 5, 20, 1:
ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:
castra hostium,
Nep. Dat. 6, 7:
concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,
Liv. 42, 63, 6:
plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,
id. 28, 39, 10:
sedem belli,
Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:
oppressa captaque re publica,
Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
c.
To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):
insulam capere non potuerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,
id. ib. 4, 36:
accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,
id. ib. 5, 23:
nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,
id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:
qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,
Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
3.
Of things of value, property, money, etc.
a.
In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:
AVRVM, ARGENTVM,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
de praedonibus praedam capere,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:
agros de hostibus,
Cic. Dom. 49, 128:
ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,
Liv. 4, 48, 2:
quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,
Nep. Con. 4, 4:
classem,
id. Cim. 2, 2:
magnas praedas,
id. Dat. 10, 2:
ex hostibus pecuniam,
Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:
e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:
signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §
82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:
cape cedo,
id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:
ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,
Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:
majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,
id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:
te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,
Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:
paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,
Nep. Epam. 3, 4:
ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,
id. Att. 7, 2:
quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,
assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:
quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,
succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
b.
In particular connections.
(α).
With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:
his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:
HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:
quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,
id. ib. §
27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,
id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §
91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?
id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §
218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?
id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §
71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,
id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:
ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:
quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,
id. Clu. 42, 120:
nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,
id. Pis. 16, 38:
si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,
id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:
ab regibus Illyriorum,
Liv. 42, 45, 8:
saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,
Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
(β).
Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:
si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,
Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:
qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,
id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:
abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,
Quint. 3, 6, 96:
aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,
id. 5, 14, 16:
si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,
Juv. 1, 55:
qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,
Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:
qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,
ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
(γ).
Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:
capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,
Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:
stipendium jure belli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 28:
quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:
vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,
Liv. 28, 39, 13:
quadragena annua ex schola,
Suet. Gram. 23:
si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,
Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
C.
Trop.
1.
Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):
metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:
honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,
Cic. Sen. 18, 62:
ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,
id. Div. 2, 5:
ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,
id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:
multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,
id. Att. 1, 4, 2:
fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,
id. Pis. 14, 31:
aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,
Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:
quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:
utilitates ex amicitia maximas,
Cic. Lael. 9, 32:
usuram alicujus corporis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
2.
Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:
gestum atque voltum novom,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:
figuras Datque capitque novas,
id. ib. 15, 309:
formam capit quam lilia,
id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:
duritiam ab aere,
id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:
radicem capere,
to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:
cum pali defixi radices cepissent,
Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:
siliculam capere,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:
maturitatem capere,
Col. 4, 23, 1:
radix libere capit viris,
Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:
vires cepisse nocendi,
Ov. M. 7, 417:
(telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,
Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
3.
Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:
cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:
qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:
aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,
id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:
consuetudinem exercitationemque,
id. Off. 1, 18, 59:
misericordiam,
id. Quint. 31, 97:
quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,
Ov. A. A. 2, 346:
disciplinam principum,
Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:
quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
4.
Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:
nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:
o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:
in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,
took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:
consulatum,
id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:
honores,
Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:
imperium,
id. Claud. 10:
magistratum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:
magistratus,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:
capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),
Ov. M. 3, 644:
rerum moderamen,
id. ib. 6, 677:
pontificatum maximum,
Suet. Vit. 11:
rem publicam,
Sall. C. 5, 6:
neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,
Liv. 2, 33, 1:
ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,
id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:
patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,
Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
5.
In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:
augurium ex arce,
Liv. 10, 7, 10:
augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,
Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:
omen,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:
in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,
Liv. 9, 4, 1:
rursus impetu capto enituntur,
id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:
a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:
experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,
Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):
nec vestra capit discordia finem,
Verg. A. 10, 106:
fugam,
to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:
ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,
Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:
expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,
suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:
ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,
Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:
eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:
a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
6.
Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:
si occassionem capsit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:
si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:
quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:
si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,
Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
7.
Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:
quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:
cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 35:
hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:
conjecturam capere,
Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:
nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:
capti consili memorem mones,
id. Stich 4, 1, 72:
quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:
temerarium consilium,
Liv. 25, 34, 7:
tale capit consilium,
Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:
confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,
Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:
subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,
Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):
legionis opprimendae consilium capere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 2:
obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:
si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
ut ego rationem oculis capio,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:
cepi rationem ut, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
8.
Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:
ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:
quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
praesagia a sole,
Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:
illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
9.
Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:
tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?
Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:
omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,
id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:
laborem inanem ipsus capit,
id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:
ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!
id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;
hic potitur gaudia,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:
satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:
plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,
id. ib. 2, 2, 9:
cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,
id. ib. prol. 114:
angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,
Cic. Lael. 13, 48:
quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,
id. Off. 2, 9, 32:
laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,
id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:
lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,
id. Sen. 15, 54:
opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,
id. Brut. 1, 1:
itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,
id. ib. 40, 147:
ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,
Liv. 27, 40, 9:
ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,
id. 5, 20, 2:
ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,
id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):
laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,
id. ib. 14, 14, 4:
ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,
lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:
maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:
et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,
Liv. 33, 27, 10:
voluptatem animi,
Cic. Planc. 1, 1:
malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),
id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:
quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,
Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
10.
Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):
edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:
numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,
id. ib. 4, 2, 4:
sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:
nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:
te cepisse odium regni videbatur,
id. ib. 2, 36, 91:
Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,
Liv. 1, 6, 3:
cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,
id. 40, 21, 2:
etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,
id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:
qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?
Liv. 27, 13, 2:
oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,
id. 38, 46, 12:
tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?
Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:
ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,
Liv. 27, 8, 6:
hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,
id. 44, 12, 1:
tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,
Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;
I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,
Verg. A. 2, 384:
infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!
id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:
cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,
id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;
I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,
Liv. 1, 57, 10:
ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,
id. 25, 22, 1:
tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,
id. 23, 20, 7:
senatum metus cepit,
id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):
quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,
Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
11.
Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:
calamitatem,
Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:
detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,
Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;
videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:
Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,
Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:
quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,
Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
II.
To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:
parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),
Lucr. 6, 1030:
jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,
Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:
terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,
id. ib. 1, 75:
dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,
id. ib. 8, 558:
cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,
id. ib. 5, 324.—
2.
Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:
di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:
qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;
volat vapor ater ad auras,
Verg. A. 7, 466:
non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:
non capit se mare,
Sen. Agam. 487:
neque enim capiebant funera portae,
Ov. M. 7, 607:
officium populi vix capiente domo,
id. P. 4, 4, 42:
si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,
Curt. 7, 8, 12:
ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,
Just. 2, 10, 19.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):
tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
2.
To contain, hold, be large or strong enough for, bear.
a.
Affirmatively (rare):
quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,
Curt. 9, 3, 7:
si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,
Quint. 2, 4, 17:
dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,
Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
b.
With negatives:
non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),
Cic. Pis. 11, 24:
leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,
Lucr. 3, 298:
nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,
Ov. M. 6, 466:
vix spes ipse suas animo capit,
id. ib. 11, 118:
ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,
id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:
sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,
Curt. 7, 8, 13:
majora quam capit spirat,
id. 6, 9, 11:
ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,
id. 3, 12, 20:
infirma aetas majora non capiet,
Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
3.
Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):
rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,
Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:
molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,
id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:
res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,
Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
4.
With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):
nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),
Prud. Apoth. 154:
crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,
Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
5.
Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):
sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,
Quint. 11, 1, 45:
nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,
id. 2, 6, 2:
quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,
Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:
senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,
Liv. 9, 17, 14:
somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,
id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
2.
căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
I.
A taking:
dominii,
Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
II.
= usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capio
75 Capta

1.
căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:
capsimus,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:
sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:
cape hoc flabellum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:
cepit manibus tympanum,
Cat. 6, 3, 8:
tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,
Verg. A. 2, 717:
cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,
id. G. 3, 420:
flammeum,
Cat. 61, 8:
acria pocula,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:
lora,
Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:
baculum,
Ov. M. 2, 789:
colum cum calathis,
id. ib. 12, 475:
florem ternis digitis,
Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:
pignera,
Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:
ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,
Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:
rem pignori,
Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:
scutum laeva,
Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:
capias tu illius vestem,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;
and of particular weapons: ensem,
Ov. M. 13, 435:
tela,
id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:
quicum una cibum Capere soleo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:
lauti cibum capiunt,
Tac. G. 22.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of living objects.
a.
To take into possession, take captive, seize, make prisoner.
(α).
Of persons:
oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):
quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,
Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26:
reges capiuntur,
Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:
capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,
Liv. 22, 49, 18:
quos Byzantii ceperat,
Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:
captos ostendere civibus hostes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:
captus Tarento Livius,
Cic. Brut. 18, 72:
servus ex hoste captus,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:
in captos clementia uti,
Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:
inludere capto,
Verg. A. 2, 64:
quae sit fiducia capto,
id. ib. 2, 75:
ex captorum numero,
Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:
dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
(β).
Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:
si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,
id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:
hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 763:
neque quicquam captum'st piscium,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:
nisi quid concharum capsimus,
id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:
cervum,
Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:
hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,
Verg. G. 4, 396.—
b.
To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:
quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,
Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:
quamvis voluptate capiatur,
id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:
quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:
secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,
id. Att. 4, 1:
nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,
Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;
erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,
Hor. A. P. 362:
hunc capit argenti splendor,
id. S. 1, 4, 28:
te conjux aliena capit,
id. ib. 2, 7, 46:
Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,
Prop. 1, 1, 1:
carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,
Tib. 3, 1, 7:
munditiis capimur,
Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;
14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,
Liv. 30, 12, 18:
dulcedine vocis,
Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:
voce nova,
id. ib. 1, 678:
temperie aquarum,
id. ib. 4, 344:
(bos) herba captus viridi,
Verg. E. 6, 59:
amoenitate loci,
Tac. A. 18, 52:
auro,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:
neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,
Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
splendore hominis,
id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;
nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
c.
To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:
sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:
injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?
Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:
eodem captus errore quo nos,
involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:
ne quo errore milites caperentur,
Liv. 8, 6, 16:
capere ante dolis Reginam,
Verg. A. 1, 673:
captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),
id. ib. 2, 196:
ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,
Sall. J. 14, 11:
adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. C. 14, 5:
capi alicujus dolo,
Nep. Dat. 10, 1:
dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,
Liv. 23, 35, 2:
quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,
Ov. M. 7, 301.—
d.
To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):
tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:
tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),
Cic. Mur. 9, 22:
callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),
id. Brut. 48, 178.—
e.
To deprive one of his powers or faculties, to harm.
(α).
Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):
mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:
ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,
loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:
captus omnibus membris,
id. 2, 36, 8:
capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,
id. 21, 58, 5:
oculis membrisque captus,
Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:
congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:
si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,
id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:
habuit filium captum altero oculo,
Suet. Vit. 6:
censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,
Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:
lumine,
Ov. F. 6, 204:
princeps pedibus captus,
Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:
captum leto posuit caput,
Verg. A. 11, 830;
and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,
id. G. 1, 183.—
(β).
Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:
labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:
vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,
id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;
rarely mentibu' capti,
Lucr. 4, 1022; so,
animo,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:
captus animi,
Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:
virgines captae furore,
Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:
viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,
Liv. 39, 13, 12:
captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,
id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:
capti et stupentes animi,
id. 6, 36, 8.—
f.
To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:
de istac sum judex captus,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:
Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,
Liv. 3, 71, 2:
me cepere arbitrum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:
te mihi patronam capio, Thais,
id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:
quom illum generum cepimus,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:
non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,
make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:
si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,
id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:
plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,
Gell. 1, 12, 15:
jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,
Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:
religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:
C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,
Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
2.
Of places.
a.
To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:
loca capere, castra munire,
Caes. B. G. 3, 23:
castris locum capere,
Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:
locum capere castris,
Quint. 12, 2, 5:
ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:
ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,
Nep. Ages. 6, 2:
nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,
Liv. 34, 14, 1:
neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,
id. 35, 14, 9:
erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,
id. 35, 28, 1:
locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,
Sall. J. 58, 3:
duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,
Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,
of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,
Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:
tumulum suis cepit,
Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;
for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,
Liv. 1, 6, 4;
for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,
id. 9, 43, 20:
Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,
Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:
ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),
Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
b.
To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:
invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:
MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
CORSICAM,
Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):
ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,
Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:
Troja capta,
Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:
urbem opulentissimam,
id. 5, 20, 1:
ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:
castra hostium,
Nep. Dat. 6, 7:
concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,
Liv. 42, 63, 6:
plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,
id. 28, 39, 10:
sedem belli,
Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:
oppressa captaque re publica,
Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
c.
To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):
insulam capere non potuerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,
id. ib. 4, 36:
accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,
id. ib. 5, 23:
nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,
id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:
qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,
Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
3.
Of things of value, property, money, etc.
a.
In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:
AVRVM, ARGENTVM,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
de praedonibus praedam capere,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:
agros de hostibus,
Cic. Dom. 49, 128:
ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,
Liv. 4, 48, 2:
quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,
Nep. Con. 4, 4:
classem,
id. Cim. 2, 2:
magnas praedas,
id. Dat. 10, 2:
ex hostibus pecuniam,
Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:
e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:
signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §
82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:
cape cedo,
id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:
ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,
Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:
majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,
id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:
te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,
Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:
paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,
Nep. Epam. 3, 4:
ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,
id. Att. 7, 2:
quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,
assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:
quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,
succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
b.
In particular connections.
(α).
With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:
his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:
HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:
quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,
id. ib. §
27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,
id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §
91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?
id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §
218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?
id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §
71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,
id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:
ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:
quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,
id. Clu. 42, 120:
nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,
id. Pis. 16, 38:
si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,
id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:
ab regibus Illyriorum,
Liv. 42, 45, 8:
saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,
Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
(β).
Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:
si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,
Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:
qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,
id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:
abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,
Quint. 3, 6, 96:
aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,
id. 5, 14, 16:
si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,
Juv. 1, 55:
qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,
Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:
qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,
ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
(γ).
Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:
capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,
Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:
stipendium jure belli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 28:
quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:
vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,
Liv. 28, 39, 13:
quadragena annua ex schola,
Suet. Gram. 23:
si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,
Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
C.
Trop.
1.
Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):
metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:
honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,
Cic. Sen. 18, 62:
ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,
id. Div. 2, 5:
ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,
id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:
multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,
id. Att. 1, 4, 2:
fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,
id. Pis. 14, 31:
aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,
Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:
quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:
utilitates ex amicitia maximas,
Cic. Lael. 9, 32:
usuram alicujus corporis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
2.
Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:
gestum atque voltum novom,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:
figuras Datque capitque novas,
id. ib. 15, 309:
formam capit quam lilia,
id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:
duritiam ab aere,
id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:
radicem capere,
to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:
cum pali defixi radices cepissent,
Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:
siliculam capere,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:
maturitatem capere,
Col. 4, 23, 1:
radix libere capit viris,
Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:
vires cepisse nocendi,
Ov. M. 7, 417:
(telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,
Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
3.
Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:
cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:
qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:
aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,
id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:
consuetudinem exercitationemque,
id. Off. 1, 18, 59:
misericordiam,
id. Quint. 31, 97:
quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,
Ov. A. A. 2, 346:
disciplinam principum,
Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:
quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
4.
Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:
nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:
o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:
in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,
took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:
consulatum,
id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:
honores,
Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:
imperium,
id. Claud. 10:
magistratum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:
magistratus,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:
capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),
Ov. M. 3, 644:
rerum moderamen,
id. ib. 6, 677:
pontificatum maximum,
Suet. Vit. 11:
rem publicam,
Sall. C. 5, 6:
neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,
Liv. 2, 33, 1:
ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,
id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:
patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,
Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
5.
In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:
augurium ex arce,
Liv. 10, 7, 10:
augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,
Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:
omen,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:
in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,
Liv. 9, 4, 1:
rursus impetu capto enituntur,
id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:
a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:
experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,
Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):
nec vestra capit discordia finem,
Verg. A. 10, 106:
fugam,
to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:
ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,
Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:
expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,
suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:
ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,
Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:
eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:
a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
6.
Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:
si occassionem capsit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:
si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:
quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:
si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,
Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
7.
Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:
quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:
cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 35:
hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:
conjecturam capere,
Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:
nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:
capti consili memorem mones,
id. Stich 4, 1, 72:
quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:
temerarium consilium,
Liv. 25, 34, 7:
tale capit consilium,
Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:
confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,
Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:
subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,
Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):
legionis opprimendae consilium capere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 2:
obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:
si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
ut ego rationem oculis capio,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:
cepi rationem ut, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
8.
Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:
ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:
quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
praesagia a sole,
Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:
illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
9.
Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:
tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?
Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:
omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,
id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:
laborem inanem ipsus capit,
id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:
ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!
id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;
hic potitur gaudia,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:
satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:
plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,
id. ib. 2, 2, 9:
cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,
id. ib. prol. 114:
angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,
Cic. Lael. 13, 48:
quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,
id. Off. 2, 9, 32:
laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,
id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:
lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,
id. Sen. 15, 54:
opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,
id. Brut. 1, 1:
itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,
id. ib. 40, 147:
ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,
Liv. 27, 40, 9:
ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,
id. 5, 20, 2:
ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,
id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):
laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,
id. ib. 14, 14, 4:
ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,
lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:
maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:
et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,
Liv. 33, 27, 10:
voluptatem animi,
Cic. Planc. 1, 1:
malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),
id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:
quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,
Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
10.
Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):
edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:
numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,
id. ib. 4, 2, 4:
sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:
nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:
te cepisse odium regni videbatur,
id. ib. 2, 36, 91:
Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,
Liv. 1, 6, 3:
cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,
id. 40, 21, 2:
etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,
id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:
qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?
Liv. 27, 13, 2:
oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,
id. 38, 46, 12:
tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?
Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:
ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,
Liv. 27, 8, 6:
hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,
id. 44, 12, 1:
tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,
Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;
I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,
Verg. A. 2, 384:
infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!
id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:
cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,
id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;
I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,
Liv. 1, 57, 10:
ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,
id. 25, 22, 1:
tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,
id. 23, 20, 7:
senatum metus cepit,
id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):
quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,
Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
11.
Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:
calamitatem,
Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:
detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,
Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;
videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:
Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,
Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:
quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,
Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
II.
To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:
parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),
Lucr. 6, 1030:
jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,
Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:
terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,
id. ib. 1, 75:
dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,
id. ib. 8, 558:
cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,
id. ib. 5, 324.—
2.
Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:
di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:
qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;
volat vapor ater ad auras,
Verg. A. 7, 466:
non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:
non capit se mare,
Sen. Agam. 487:
neque enim capiebant funera portae,
Ov. M. 7, 607:
officium populi vix capiente domo,
id. P. 4, 4, 42:
si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,
Curt. 7, 8, 12:
ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,
Just. 2, 10, 19.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):
tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
2.
To contain, hold, be large or strong enough for, bear.
a.
Affirmatively (rare):
quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,
Curt. 9, 3, 7:
si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,
Quint. 2, 4, 17:
dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,
Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
b.
With negatives:
non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),
Cic. Pis. 11, 24:
leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,
Lucr. 3, 298:
nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,
Ov. M. 6, 466:
vix spes ipse suas animo capit,
id. ib. 11, 118:
ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,
id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:
sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,
Curt. 7, 8, 13:
majora quam capit spirat,
id. 6, 9, 11:
ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,
id. 3, 12, 20:
infirma aetas majora non capiet,
Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
3.
Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):
rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,
Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:
molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,
id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:
res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,
Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
4.
With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):
nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),
Prud. Apoth. 154:
crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,
Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
5.
Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):
sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,
Quint. 11, 1, 45:
nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,
id. 2, 6, 2:
quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,
Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:
senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,
Liv. 9, 17, 14:
somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,
id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
2.
căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
I.
A taking:
dominii,
Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
II.
= usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Capta
76 contio

contĭo (less correctly concĭo), ōnis, f. [contr. from conventio, for which COVENTIO is written in S. C. Bacch.; v. conventio, and cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 43 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 4, and p. 113, 10 Müll.], a meeting, assembly that is called together by a magistrate or priest (cf.: contio significat conventum, non tamen alium quam eum qui a magistratu vel a sacerdote publico per praeconem convocatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 4; cf. contionor—In good prose).
I.
Prop.:
advocat contionem, habet orationem talem consul,
Cic. Sest. 12, 28; so,
advocare contionem,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 185; Sall. C. 57, 5; id. J. 33, 3; Liv. 8, 31, 1; Suet. Claud. 22 et saep.:
advocare contionem populi,
Sall. J. 84, 5:
militum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:
advocare populum in contionem,
Liv. 42, 33, 2:
ad contionem advocavit,
id. 4, 1, 6:
plebem ad contionem vocare,
id. 2, 2, 4; cf. Suet. Calig. 48:
me in vestram contionem evocaverunt,
Cic. Agr. 3, 4, 16:
convocatis ad contionem militibus,
Suet. Caes. 66:
contionem habere,
to hold a meeting, Liv. 29, 21, 7 (cf.:
contionem habere, II. infra): in contione dicere,
Cic. Or. 63, 213 sq.; of. id. ib. 50, 168; and id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:
in contionem populi prodire,
Nep. Them. 1, 3: quae ego de te in senatu egerim, quae in contionibus dixerim, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; cf.
so in opp. to the Senate,
Tac. A. 4, 40 fin.:
laudare aliquem pro contione,
before the people, Sall. J. 8, 2; Liv. 7, 7, 3; 7, 10, 14 al.; Quint. 2, 4, 33; 4, 4, 8 al.:
nunc in mille curias contionesque dispersam et dissipatam esse rempublicam,
Liv. 2, 28, 4; 2, 23, 5:
contio conventusque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110:
contio, quae ex imperitissimis constat,
id. Lael. 25, 95:
togata et urbana,
Liv. 45, 37, 8:
turbulentae,
Quint. 5, 13, 39; cf.:
in illis fluctibus contionum,
id. 8, 6, 48; and:
contionum procellae,
id. 8, 6, 7:
stabant pro contione legiones destrictis gladiis,
in the manner of an assembly, Tac. A. 1, 44 Draeg. ad loc.—
II.
Meton., a discourse, oration before a public assembly:
legi contionem tuam,
Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 7; cf.:
audiri jam et legi novas contiones,
Tac. A. 5, 4 fin.:
habere contionem... quā in oratione,
Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 1; so,
contionis habendae potestas,
id. Fam. 5, 2, 7; Liv. 24, 22, 1:
contionem apud milites habuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 73; so Liv. 44, 1, 9; cf. also id. 27, 13, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 18:
habuit super eā re contionem,
Suet. Caes. 5:
in contione contra Catilinam,
Quint. 5, 11, 42:
funebres tristes atque summissae,
id. 11, 3, 153:
ut Cicero dicit contra contionem Metelli,
id. 9, 3, 50; cf. Gell. 18, 7, 7; and the few fragments of this oration of Cic. in Orell. IV. 2, p. 455 sq.; Quint. 12, 10, 70; cf. id. 3, 8, 65; 3, 8, 67.—Of the orations reported in a history:
ille (sc. Thucydides) contionibus melior, hic (sc. Herodotus) sermonibus,
Quint. 10, 1, 73; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—
B.
A place for speaking, a tribune, rostrum; mostly in the phrases in contionem ascendere or escendere:
cum magistratum inieris et in contionem ascenderis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 74; id. Att. 4, 2, 3:
in contionem escendit,
Liv. 2, 7, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 49, 4;
5, 50, 8: Perseus in contionem processit Philippum secum filium habens,
id. 44, 45, 8; cf.: contionem tria significare: locum suggestumque unde verba fierent,... coetum populi adsistentis, item orationem ipsam, Verr. Fl. ap. Gell. 18, 7, 7.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contio
77 decerno

dē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (the syncop. forms decreram, etc., decrerim, etc., decresse are freq. in Cicero and Liv., also Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 25; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 73; 2, 1, 15, but not in Caes., where is only decreverat, B. G. 4, 17; 5, 5 fin.; 5, 53, 2), v. a. and n.
I.
(acc. to cerno, no. II. 3.) To decide, determine any thing disputed or doubtful. For syn. cf.: scisco, jubeo, statuo, constituo, dico, sancio, consilium capio, destino, obstino, definio, determino.
A.
Prop., of a judge, magistrate, etc., to pronounce a decision respecting something; to decide, judge, determine, decree; to vote for any thing (very freq. and class.).—Const. with acc., with acc. et inf., a relat. clause, with de, or absol.:
alias (Verres praetor) revocabat eos, inter quos jam decreverat decretumque mutabat, alias, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
si quod est admissum facinus, si caedes facta, idem (Druides) decernunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 5:
consules de consilii sententia decreverunt secundum Buthrotios,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, § 11: decernere vindicias secundum servitutem, in favor of slavery, i. e. restore the slave to his master, Liv. 3, 47, 5; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:
cum senatus triumphum Africano decerneret,
id. Fin. 4, 9, 22; cf.
of a single senator: non decrevi solum, sed etiam ut vos decerneretis laboravi,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 28;
so supplicationem decernere,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 11;
so also: Crassus tres legatos decernit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 3:
D. Junius silanus supplicium sumendum decreverat,
Sall. C. 50, 4:
quando id bellum senatus decrevisset, quando id bellum populus R. jussisset?
Liv. 41, 7; 42, 36; id. 5, 36; id. 26, 2:
id quod senatus me auctore decrevit,
Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2, 2:
qui ordo decrevit invitus,
on compulsion, Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13:
Ligures ambobus consulibus decernuntur,
id. Liv. 42, 10; cf.:
provinciam desponsam non decretam habere,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 15 (v. the whole passage in connection):
provinciae privatis decernuntur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 4 et saep.:
ex annuo sumptu, qui mihi decretus esset,
Cic. Att. 7, 1, 6 et saep.:
mea virtute atque diligentia perditorum hominum patefactam esse conjurationem decrevistis,
id. Cat. 4, 3: cum pontifices decressent ita;
SI, etc.,
id. Att. 4, 2, 3:
senatus decrevit populusque jussit, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 67: in jure dicundo, ita decrevit, ut, etc., Suet. Galb. 7; cf.
of individuals: Hortensii et mea et Luculli sententia... tibi decernit, ut regem reducas, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3.— Impers.:
in parricidas rei publicae decretum esse,
Sall. Cat. 51, 25.—Esp. of the emperor, to determine the law by deciding a case:
quodcumque imperator cognoscens decrevit, legem esse constat,
Dig. 1, 4, 1, § 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6.
2.
Transf., beyond the judicial sphere, to decide, determine, judge: qui nequeas nostrorum uter sit Amphitruo decernere, Plaut. fragm. ap. Non. 285, 26:
rem dubiam decrevit vox opportune emissa,
Liv. 5, 55; cf.:
primus clamor atque impetus rem decrevit,
id. 25, 41; Plin. 17, 27, 46, § 258:
de his Catonis praecepta decernent,
id. 17, 22, 35, § 190:
duo talenta pro re nostra ego esse decrevi satis,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 67; id. Hec. 4, 1, 27:
quam decrerim me non posse diutius habere,
id. ib. 1, 2, 73:
in quo omnia mea posita esse decrevi,
Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 3; id. Att. 3, 15, 7:
illum decrerunt dignum, suos cui liberos committerent,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15:
in ejus controversiis quid decernas, non a te peto,
Cic. Fam. 13, 59: aliquem decernere hostem, to proclaim one an enemy by a formal decree, id. Phil. 11, 7, 16.— Absol.:
nequeo satis decernere,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 5.
B.
Milit., to decide by combat; hence (like cernere and certare), in gen., to fight, combat, contend:
castra castris conferamus, et Samnis Romanusne imperio Italiam regant, decernamus,
Liv. 8, 23, 9; id. 1, 23, 9:
in ipso illo gladiatorio vitae certamine, quod ferro decernitur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:
proelium,
id. Fam. 10, 10:
pugnam,
Liv. 28, 14; cf. id. ib. 33: de bello decernere, Auct. B. Hisp. 5 fin. Oud. N. cr.:
ne armis decernatur,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; cf.:
ferro ancipiti decernunt,
Verg. A. 7, 525:
and armis, ferro,
id. ib. 11, 218; 12, 282; 695 (cf. et cernere ferro, id. ib. 709):
cursibus et crudo caestu,
id. G. 3, 20:
cornibus inter se,
id. ib. 218:
lapidibus et subselliorum fragminibus,
Suet. Ner. 26 et saep.:
contra magnam vim hostium, artificio magis quam viribus, Auct. B. Afr. 14: acie,
Liv. 2, 14; Nep. Milt. 4, 4:
proelio cum proditore,
Just. 13, 8, 4:
classe decreturi,
Nep. Hann. 10, 4:
integriore exercitu,
id. Eum. 9 fin.—Absol.:
decernendi potestatem Pompeio fecit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 41; cf. Liv. 21, 41.
2.
Transf., beyond the milit. sphere:
decernite criminibus, mox ferro decreturi,
Liv. 40, 8 fin. —So of a judicial contest:
uno judicio de fortunis omnibus decernit,
Cic. Quint. 2, 6; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 29;
and qui judicio decernent,
id. 12, 7, 5:
de salute reipublicae,
Cic. Att. 8, 5, 2:
pro mea omni fama fortunisque,
id. de Or. 2, 49:
utinam meo solum capite decernerem,
id. Att. 10, 9; Caes. B. C. 1, 35, 3.
II.
With reference to one's own acts, to decide, determine on doing something; to determine, resolve on something (freq. in all periods and styles).—Constr., with inf. and with acc. and inf.:
si tu fluctus e gurgite tollere decreris, Lucil. ap. Rufin. § 26 (p. 238 ed. Frotsch.): quicquid peperisset decreverunt tollere,
Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 14:
Caesar his de causis Rhenum transire decreverat,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17 et saep.:
eos me decretum est persequi mores patris,
Plaut. Asin. 1, 1, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 65; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; cf.:
certum atque decretum est non dare signum,
Liv. 2, 45:
reliquam aetatem a republica procul habendam decrevi,
Sall. C. 4. With ut and subjunct.:
hic decernit ut miser sit,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65.—With accus.:
quicquam decernere,
id. ib. —Hence, dē-crētum, i, n.
A.
(Acc. to no. I. A.) A decree, decision, ordinance of any political or judicial body (for syn. cf.:
scitum, edictum, consilium, jus): senatus Caelium ab rep. removendum censuit. Hoc decreto eum consul senatu prohibuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 3:
si qui eorum (sc. Druidum) decreto non stetit, sacrificiis interdicunt,
id. B. G. 6, 13, 5; cf. id. ib. §
10: vestra responsa atque decreta evertuntur saepe dicendo,
Cic. Mur. 13 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48:
decurionum,
id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25 et saep.:
Caesaris,
Vulg. Act. 17, 7.—Esp. leg. t. t., a decision of the emperor as judge, a precedent (cf. rescriptum), Gai. 1, 5; Just. Inst. 2, 15, 4.—
B.
Transf., in philos. lang. as a translation of the Gr. dogma, principle, doctrine, precept, Cic. Ac. 2, 9, 27; id. ib. § 29; cf. Sen. Ep. 94, 2 sq. and 95, 9 sq. (quis philoso, phorum) decretis suis paret? Lact. 3, 15, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decerno
78 imperium

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.
I.
Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:
nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,
id. ib. 1, 1, 106:
eri imperia persequi,
id. ib. 2, 1, 75:
imperium exsequi,
id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:
obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:
tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,
id. As. 1, 2, 21:
malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:
quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:
imperium neglegere,
id. ib. 5, 7, 7:
neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:
imperio Jovis huc venio,
Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:
et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,
id. ib. 5, 747:
imperiis deūm propalam expositis,
Liv. 8, 6, 12:
quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,
Quint. 1, 3, 6:
aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 22, 3:
elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,
Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:
naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,
Juv. 15, 138:
cujus paruit imperiis,
id. 14, 331.
II.
Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).
A.
In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:
Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,
Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:
reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,
Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:
eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:
mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,
id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:
domesticum,
Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:
(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:
sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,
Verg. A. 6, 463:
Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,
Ov. M. 7, 373:
agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,
Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—
B.
In partic.
1.
In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).
(α).
Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:
navorum imperium servare est induperantum,
id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:
ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;
21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,
sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:
singulare et potestas regia,
id. ib. 2, 9:
esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,
id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:
cum summo imperio et potestate versari,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:
qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:
omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,
id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:
de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:
imperium extra ordinem dare,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:
quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 17:
eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,
id. Lael. 15, 54:
ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,
id. Rep. 2, 12:
expertes imperii,
id. ib. 1, 31:
deponentium imperium tyrannorum,
Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:
sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,
Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,
with dicio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:
Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,
id. ib. 5, 29, 4:
totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,
Quint. 7, 3, 35:
cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:
de imperio dimicare,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:
spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,
id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:
sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,
id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:
civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,
id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:
cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,
Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:
auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,
Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:
nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,
id. 2, 56, 12.—
(β).
Plur.:
nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,
i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:
(cives) mandant imperia,
id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63:
cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 44:
ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:
vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,
id. Att. 14, 5, 2:
quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,
dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:
qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,
id. ib. 2, 1, 3:
imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,
Liv. 2, 1, 1. —
b.
Hence, transf., concr.
(α).
Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):
duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,
id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:
nostrum,
id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:
finium imperii nostri propagatio,
id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:
fines imperii propagavit,
id. Rep. 3, 12:
imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,
Verg. A. 1, 287:
per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:
adjectis Britannis Imperio,
id. ib. 3, 5, 4:
quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?
id. ib. 1, 2, 26;
1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
reges socii, membra partesque imperii,
Suet. Aug. 48:
breviarium totius imperii,
id. ib. 101:
rationarium imperii,
id. ib. 28:
imperii fines Tiberinum natare,
Juv. 8, 265:
noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,
i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—
c.
Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):
illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:
imperium judiciorum tenere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:
coactae imperio sexus,
i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—
2.
Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:
omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,
Gai. Inst. 4, 103:
ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,
id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—
3.
Milit., the chief command, command.
(α).
Sing.:
victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:
delatam sibi summam imperii,
Suet. Ner. 3:
censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:
nostri imperii dignitas,
id. ib. 1, 7, 4:
novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,
Suet. Caes. 25:
legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,
id. ib. 76:
alicui imperium prorogare,
id. Tib. 30:
imperii tempus explere,
id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:
qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,
Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—
(β).
Plur.:
mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,
i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63;
so opp. magistratus,
Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—
b.
Transf.
(α).
Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:
imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,
Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—
(β).
Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—
(γ).
(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:
tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,
Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imperium
79 inperium

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.
I.
Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:
nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,
id. ib. 1, 1, 106:
eri imperia persequi,
id. ib. 2, 1, 75:
imperium exsequi,
id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:
obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:
tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,
id. As. 1, 2, 21:
malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:
quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:
imperium neglegere,
id. ib. 5, 7, 7:
neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:
imperio Jovis huc venio,
Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:
et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,
id. ib. 5, 747:
imperiis deūm propalam expositis,
Liv. 8, 6, 12:
quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,
Quint. 1, 3, 6:
aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 22, 3:
elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,
Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:
naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,
Juv. 15, 138:
cujus paruit imperiis,
id. 14, 331.
II.
Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).
A.
In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:
Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,
Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:
reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,
Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:
eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:
mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,
id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:
domesticum,
Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:
(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:
sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,
Verg. A. 6, 463:
Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,
Ov. M. 7, 373:
agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,
Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—
B.
In partic.
1.
In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).
(α).
Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:
navorum imperium servare est induperantum,
id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:
ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;
21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,
sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:
singulare et potestas regia,
id. ib. 2, 9:
esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,
id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:
cum summo imperio et potestate versari,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:
qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:
omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,
id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:
de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:
imperium extra ordinem dare,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:
quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 17:
eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,
id. Lael. 15, 54:
ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,
id. Rep. 2, 12:
expertes imperii,
id. ib. 1, 31:
deponentium imperium tyrannorum,
Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:
sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,
Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,
with dicio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:
Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,
id. ib. 5, 29, 4:
totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,
Quint. 7, 3, 35:
cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:
de imperio dimicare,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:
spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,
id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:
sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,
id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:
civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,
id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:
cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,
Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:
auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,
Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:
nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,
id. 2, 56, 12.—
(β).
Plur.:
nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,
i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:
(cives) mandant imperia,
id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63:
cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 44:
ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:
vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,
id. Att. 14, 5, 2:
quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,
dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:
qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,
id. ib. 2, 1, 3:
imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,
Liv. 2, 1, 1. —
b.
Hence, transf., concr.
(α).
Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):
duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,
id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:
nostrum,
id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:
finium imperii nostri propagatio,
id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:
fines imperii propagavit,
id. Rep. 3, 12:
imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,
Verg. A. 1, 287:
per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:
adjectis Britannis Imperio,
id. ib. 3, 5, 4:
quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?
id. ib. 1, 2, 26;
1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
reges socii, membra partesque imperii,
Suet. Aug. 48:
breviarium totius imperii,
id. ib. 101:
rationarium imperii,
id. ib. 28:
imperii fines Tiberinum natare,
Juv. 8, 265:
noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,
i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—
c.
Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):
illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:
imperium judiciorum tenere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:
coactae imperio sexus,
i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—
2.
Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:
omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,
Gai. Inst. 4, 103:
ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,
id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—
3.
Milit., the chief command, command.
(α).
Sing.:
victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:
delatam sibi summam imperii,
Suet. Ner. 3:
censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:
nostri imperii dignitas,
id. ib. 1, 7, 4:
novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,
Suet. Caes. 25:
legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,
id. ib. 76:
alicui imperium prorogare,
id. Tib. 30:
imperii tempus explere,
id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:
qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,
Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—
(β).
Plur.:
mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,
i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:
magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,
id. Lael. 17, 63;
so opp. magistratus,
Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—
b.
Transf.
(α).
Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:
imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,
Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—
(β).
Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—
(γ).
(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:
tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,
Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inperium
80 mereo

mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. [cf. Gr. meros, meiromai, moros, etc.; hence, to receive one's share; cf. II. below], to deserve, merit, to be entitled to, be worthy of a thing; constr. with acc., with ut, with ne, with inf., and absol.
I.
In gen.
(α).
With acc.:
mereri praemia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 34:
laudem,
id. ib. 1, 40, 5; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18, 60:
nec minimum decus,
Hor. A. P. 286:
amorem,
Quint. 6 prooem.:
favorem aut odium,
id. 4, 1, 44:
gratiam nullam,
Liv. 45, 24, 7; Quint. 4, 9, 32:
fidem,
Vell. 2, 104 fin.:
summum honorem,
Juv. 6, 532:
supplicium,
id. 6, 219.—
(β).
With ut:
respondit, sese meruisse, ut decoraretur,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232.—
(γ).
With ne:
mereri, ne quis,
Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 8.—
(δ).
With inf.:
quae merui vitio perdere cuncta meo,
Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 16:
credi,
Quint. 10, 1, 72:
sanctus haberi,
Juv. 8, 25.—
(ε).
Absol.:
dignitatem meam, si mereor, tuearis,
if I deserve it, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 3.—In a bad sense:
meruisse supplicium,
Ov. M. 5, 666.—
II.
In partic.
A.
To earn, gain, get, obtain, acquire:
quid meres? quantillo argenti te conduxit Pseudulus?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 95: iste, qui meret HS. vicenos, Varr. ap. Non. 4, 296: non amplius duodecim aeris, Cic. [p. 1136] Rosc. Com. 10, 28:
ne minus gratiae praecipiendo recta quam offensae reprendendo prava mereamur,
Quint. 4, 2, 39:
nomen patronorum,
id. 6, 4, 5:
indulgentiam, principis ingenio,
Tac. Dial. 9 fin.:
nomen gloriamque merere,
id. H. 2, 37:
famam,
id. ib. 2, 31; id. A. 15, 6:
ancillā natus diadema Quirini meruit,
Juv. 8, 260:
odium,
Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 3:
quantum quisque uno die mereret,
Suet. Calig. 40 fin.:
aera,
Hor. A. P. 345. —With ut (rare): quem ego ut non excruciem, alterum tantum auri non meream, would not give up torturing him for, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 65: neque ille sibi mereat Persarum montes... ut istuc faciat, would not do it for, etc., id. Stich. 1, 1, 24.—
B.
To get by purchase, to buy, purchase:
uxores, quae vos dote meruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 124:
quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle, ut ab eis marmorea Venus illa auferatur?
what do you think they would take? for what price would they let it be carried away? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135:
gloriam,
Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 13:
legatum a creditore,
Dig. 35, 2, 21:
noxam,
Petr. 139:
quid Minyae meruere queri?
to have reason, cause, Val. Fl. 1, 519.—
C.
In milit. lang., mereri and merere stipendia, or simply merere (lit., to earn pay), to serve for pay, to serve as a soldier, serve in the army:
mereri stipendia,
Cic. Cael. 5, 11:
meruit stipendia in eo bello,
id. Mur. 5, 12:
adulescens patre suo imperatore meruit,
id. ib.:
complures annos,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:
triennio sub Hannibale,
Liv. 21, 4 fin.:
Romanis in castris,
Tac. A. 2, 10:
in Thracia,
Suet. Vesp. 2:
merere equo,
to serve on horseback, in the cavalry, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:
merere pedibus,
to serve on foot, in the infantry, Liv. 24, 18: mereri aere (al. equo) publico, Varr. ap. Non. 345, 2.—
D.
Mereri (ante-class., merere) de aliquo, or de aliquā re, to deserve or merit any thing of one, to behave in any manner towards one, in a good or bad sense (in Plaut. also with erga):
te ego, ut digna es, perdam, atque ut de me meres,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 22:
ut erga me est merita,
id. Am. 5, 1, 49:
nam de te neque re neque verbis merui, ut faceres quod facis,
id. Aul. 2, 2, 45: saepe (erga me;
sc. illam) meritam quod vellem scio,
that she has often treated me as I desired, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 37.—Esp.: bene, male, optime, etc., mereri, to deserve well, ill, etc.:
de mendico male meretur, qui ei dat, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 58:
de re publicā bene mereri,
Cic. Fam. 10, 5, 2:
de populi Romani nomine,
id. Brut. 73, 254:
melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri, quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,
id. Lael. 24, 90:
de re publica meruisse optime,
id. Att. 10, 4, 5:
perniciosius de re publicā merentur vitiosi principes,
id. Leg. 3, 14, 32:
stet haec urbs praeclara, quoquo modo merita de me erit,
id. Mil. 34, 93:
Paulus, qui nihil meruit,
i. e. was innocent, Lact. 2, 16, 17:
ita se omni tempore de populo Romano meritos esse, ut,
Caes. B. G. 1, 11:
Caesarem imperatorem bene de republicā meritum,
deserving well, id. B. C. 1, 13:
optime cum de se meritum judicabat,
id. ib. 3, 99:
milites mirifice de re publicā meriti,
Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 3:
homines de me divinitus meriti,
id. Red. in Sen. 12, 30; cf.:
te ego ut digna's perdam atque ut de me meres,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 22.— Hence,
1.
mĕrens, entis, P. a., that deserves or merits any thing; in a good sense, deserving; in a bad sense, guilty; that has rendered himself deserving towards any one or of any thing; with de, rarely with dat.; esp. with bene, well-deserving (mostly poet. and post-class.):
consul laudare, increpare merentes,
Sall. J. 100:
laurea decreta merenti,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 91: quem periisse, ita de re publicā merentem, doleo, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 344, 23; so Inscr. Grut. 933, 5.— With dat.:
quando tu me bene merentem tibi habes despicatui,
Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 19.— In sup.: HOMINI BENE MERENTISSIMO, Inscr. Rein. cl. 16, 8; Inscr. Grut. 932, 7; ib. 1129, 3.—
2.
mĕrĭtus, a, um, P. a.
a.
Deserving:
meriti juvenci,
Verg. G. 2, 515.— Sup.: filiae meritissimae, Inscr. Rein. cl. 5, 35. —
b.
Pass., deserved, due, fit, just, proper, right:
ignarus, laus an poena merita esset,
Liv. 8, 7:
triumphus,
id. 39, 4, 6:
iracundiam, neque eam injustam, sed meritam ac debitam fuisse,
just, Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:
mors,
Verg. A 4, 696: noxia, committed, perpetrated, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 1: meritis de causis, for merited, i. e. just reasons, Dig. 48, 20.— Sup.:
famā optimā et meritissimā frui,
Plin. Ep. 5, 15.—Hence,
3.
mĕrĭtum, i, n.
a.
That which one deserves, desert; in a good sense, reward, recompense; in a bad sense, punishment (only ante- and postclass.):
nihil suave meritum est,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 75:
specta denique, quale caelesti providentia meritum reportaverit,
reward, punishment, App. M. 8, p. 214:
delictorum,
Tert. Apol. 21.—
b.
That by which one deserves any thing of another, a merit; esp. in a good sense, a service, kindness, benefit, favor (class.):
propter eorum (militum) divinum atque immortale meritum,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14:
pro singulari eorum merito,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:
magnitudo tuorum erga me meritorum,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1:
et hercule merito tuo feci,
according to your merits, as you deserved, id. Att. 5, 11, 6:
pro ingentibus meritis praemia acceperant,
Tac. A. 14, 53:
recordatio ingentium meritorum,
Liv. 39, 49, 11; Curt. 8, 3, 14; Suet. Ner. 3; Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2.—In Plaut. also in the sup.:
meritissimo ejus, quae volet faciemus,
on account of his great merit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 147:
merita dare et recipere,
Cic. Lael. 8, 26:
magna ejus sunt in me non dico officia, sed merita,
id. Fam. 11, 17, 1.—Also demerit, blame, fault:
Caesar, qui a me nullo meo merito alienus esse debebat,
without any fault of mine, id. Sest. 17, 39:
nullo meo in se merito,
although I am guilty of no offence against him, Liv. 40, 15:
leniter, ex merito quicquid patiare, ferendum est,
Ov. H. 5, 7:
ex cujusque merito scio me fecisse,
Liv. 26, 31, 9:
quosdam punivit, alios praemiis adfecit, neutrum ex merito,
Tac. H. 4, 50; cf.:
quod ob meritum nostrum succensuistis?
Liv. 25, 6, 4.—
B.
Transf., worth, value, importance of a thing ( poet. and post-class.):
quo sit merito quaeque notata dies,
Ov. F. 1, 7:
negotiorum,
Cod. Just. 8, 5, 2: aedificia majoris meriti, of greater value, Cod. Th. 15, 1, 30:
loci,
Mart. 8, 65, 7:
primi saporis mella thymi sucus effundit, secundi meriti thymbra, tertii meriti rosmarinus,
Pall. 1, 37, 3.—
4.
mĕrĭtō, adv., according to desert, deservedly, justly, often connected with jure (class.):
quamquam merito sum iratus Metello,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 158:
merito ac jure laudantur,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; cf.:
te ipse jure optimo, merito incuses, licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23:
recte ac merito commovebamur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:
merito jam suspectus,
Juv. 3, 221; 10, 208. — Sup.: meritissimo te magni facio, Turp. ap. Non. 139, 17; Caecil. ib. 18:
me deridere meritissumo,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 49; Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 234; S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 6; ap. Flor. 1, 9.—Post-class.: meritissime, Sol. 7, 18.—
b.
In partic.: libens (lubens) merito, a form of expression used in paying vows; v. libens, under libet.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > mereo

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