-
1 οὐ
1οὐ (Hom.+; s. Schwyzer II 591–94) objective (as opp. to subjective μή) negative adv., denying the reality of an alleged fact; in the NT used w. the ind. (μή serves as the neg. for the other moods, including inf. and ptc.—w. certain exceptions, which will be discussed below. S. B-D-F §426; Rob. 1168f; Mlt-Turner 281f). Before vowels w. the smooth breathing it takes the form οὐκ; before those w. the rough breathing it is οὐχ; in the mss. this rule is freq. disregarded (W-S. §5, 10bc; B-D-F §14; Rob. 224). On its use s. B-D-F §426–33; Rdm.2 p. 210ff; Rob. 1155–66.① a negative response to a question or statement, as accented form, οὔ: no Mt 13:29 (Schwyzer II 596f); J 1:21; 7:12; 21:5. ἤτω ὑμῶν τὸ οὒ οὔ let your ‘no’ be ‘no’ Js 5:12. Doubled for emphasis (s. ναί e.—οὒ οὔ Nicetas Eugen. 5, 76 H. Likew. μὴ μή=no, no! [Herodas 3, 71; Meleager, I B.C., in Anth. Pal. 12, 80, 3; Psellus p. 268, 15 μὴ μὴ μάγιστρε]) Mt 5:37; 2 Cor 1:17ff. On οὐ μὲν οὖν s. οὐμενοῦν.② marker of negative propositions, notⓐ used to negative single words or clauses (Ar. 13, 7 μῦθοί εἰσι καὶ οὐκ ἄλλο τι; Just., A II, 2, 2 οὐ σωφρόνως; Tat. 5, 1 οὐ κατὰ ἀποκοπήν;—as earlier Gk.: Hom. et al.; s. Kühner-G. II, 182; Schwyzer II 593f)α. οὐ πᾶς not every one Mt 7:21. οὐ πάντες 19:11; Ro 9:6; 10:16. πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα we shall not all fall asleep 1 Cor 15:51 (s. JBurn, ET, 1926, 236f; POppenheim, TQ 112, ’31, 92–135; AVaccari, Biblica 13, ’32, 73–76; B-D-F §433, 2; Rob. 753). Likew. transposed διατί πάντες οὐ μετενόησαν; why have not all repented? Hs 8, 6, 2. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ 1 Cor 15:39. οὐ πάντως Ro 3:9; 1 Cor 5:10.—καλέσω τὸν οὐ λαόν μου λαόν μου those who were not my people I will call my people Ro 9:25a (Hos 2:25b); cp. 1 Pt 2:10. οὐκ ἔθνος no nation at all Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21).β. freq. in litotes (cp. Lysias 13, 62 εἰ μὲν οὐ πολλοὶ ἦσαν Tat. 3, 2) οὐ πολλοί, πολλαί J 2:12; Ac 1:5 (οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ἡμέρας = μετʼ οὐ πολλ. ἡμ.; cp. οὐκ ἐξ ὄντων = ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων 2 Macc 7:28). οὐκ ὀλίγος, ὀλίγη, ὀλίγοι, ὀλίγαι Ac 17:4, 12; 19:23f; 27:20. οὐκ ἄσημος 21:39. οὐχ ἁγνῶς Phil 1:17. οὐ μετρίως Ac 20:12. οὐκ ἐκ μέτρου J 3:34. μετʼ οὐ πολύ soon (afterward) Ac 27:14 S. also δ below.γ. not in a contrast τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώποις Col 3:23. τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως 1 Cor 9:26.δ. as a periphrasis for some concepts expressed by verbs: οὐκ ἀγνοεῖν know quite well 2 Cor 2:11. οὐκ ἐᾶν prevent Ac 16:7 (cp. Il. 2, 132); 19:30. οὐκ ἔχειν be in need Mt 13:12; Mk 4:25 (on these two pass. s. Schwyzer II 593, w. ref. to Kühner-G. II 189–92; contrast the use of μή in Lk 8:18). οὐ θέλειν refuse 2 Th 3:10. οὐ πταίειν Js 3:2. οὐχ ὑπακούειν be disobedient 2 Th 3:14. οὐ φιλεῖν be unfriendly to, disesteem 1 Cor 16:22.ⓑ used sometimes w. the ptc. From a above are derived the points under which this is done, contrary to the rule given at beg. of entry. In addition, it is prob. that in individual cases earlier literary influence is still at work (for earlier Gk. s. Kühner-G. II 198–203. μή suggests contingency).—B-D-F §430; Mlt. 231f (w. pap exx.; cp. Just., A I, 33, 4 οὐ συνουσιασθεῖσαν τὴν παρθένον; 67, 5 τοῖς οὐ παροῦσι al.); Rdm.2 212; Mlt-Turner 284f.α. to negative a single concept: πράγματα οὐ βλεπόμενα things not seen Hb 11:1. οὐχ ὁ τυχών extraordinary Ac 19:11; 28:2 (cp. Com. Att. Fgm. III 442 no. 178 οὐδὲ τοῖς τυχοῦσι). θλιβόμενοι ἀλλʼ, οὐ στενοχωρούμενοι 2 Cor 4:8; cp. vs. 9.β. in strong emphasis or contrast: ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἐνδεδυμένον ἔνδυμα γάμου (emphasizing the fact that his dress was improper) Mt 22:11. οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν (emphasizing the great heroism of their act) Hb 11:35. οὐ βλέπων Lk 6:42. οὐκ ἰδόντες 1 Pt 1:8. οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ τέκνου Ac 7:5.—Contrast: Ac 28:19. τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες θεὸν … νῦν δέ Gal 4:8. καὶ οὐ introducing a contrast is also used w. the ptc. καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες Phil 3:3. καὶ οὐ κρατῶν Col 2:19. ὁ μισθωτὸς καὶ οὐκ ὢν ποιμήν J 10:12.γ. In quotations fr. the LXX in the NT we notice the tendency of the OT translators regularly to render לֹא w. the ptc. by οὐ: ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). τὴν οὐκ ἠγαπημένην Ro 9:25b (Hos 2:25a). οἱ οὐκ ἠλεημένοι 1 Pt 2:10 (Hos 1:6).δ. τὰ οὐκ ἀνήκοντα Eph 5:4 v.l. is presumably a mingling of τὰ μὴ ἀνήκοντα and (the rdg. in the text itself) ἃ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν (as early as P46).ⓒ in main clausesα. in simple statements w. the indic. οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτήν Mt 1:25. οὐ δύνασθε θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ 6:24. οὐκ ἤφιεν λαλεῖν τὰ δαιμόνια Mk 1:34. οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τέκνον Lk 1:7. οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν Ac 1:7. οὐ γάρ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον Ro 1:16 and very oft. οὐ γάρ σου ἠκούσαμέν ποτε AcPlCor 1:14.β. used to negative the prohibitive future (Hebr. לֹא w. the impf.—Synes., Ep. 67 p. 211b οὐκ ἀγνοήσεις) οὐ φονεύσεις Mt 5:21; cp. vs. 27; Mt 19:18; Ro 7:7; 13:9 (all commandments fr. the Decalogue: Ex 20:13–17; Dt 5:17–21). Also οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις Mt 5:33. οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις κύριον Lk 4:12 (Dt 6:16); Ac 23:5 (Ex 22:27); 1 Cor 9:9 (Dt 25:4).—Mt 6:5.ⓓ in subordinate clausesα. in relative clauses w. indic. (in the NT, μή is found in such clauses only Tit 1:11; 2 Pt 1:9; 1J 4:3 [but s. B-D-F §428, 4 and Rob. 1158]; Ac 15:29 D; Col 2:18 v.l.): Mt 10:38; 12:2; Mk 4:25 (s. 2aδ above) Lk 6:2; J 6:64; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15); Gal 3:10 (Dt 27:26) al.β. in declarative clauses w. ὅτι, likew. in temporal and causal clauses w. ind.: ὅτι οὐ J 5:42; 1 Th 2:1. ὁ ἀρνούμενος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Χριοτός 1J 2:22 (on the negative here s. ἀρνέομαι 2).—ἐπει οὐ Lk 1:34. ὅτε οὐ 2 Ti 4:3.—εἰ οὐ w. indic.: εἰ οὐ δώσει αὐτῷ Lk 11:8; cp. ὅστις (ὸ̔ς) οὐκ ἔχει Mt 13:12 and Mk 4:25=ὸ̔ς ἂν μὴ ἔχει Lk 8:18 (Schwyzer II 593). εἰ ἐν τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε 16:12; Mk 11:26; Lk 18:4; J 1:25; 10:37; Ro 8:9b; 11:21; Hb 12:25.—Once actually in a contrary-to-fact condition: καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη Mt 26:24=Mk 14:21=1 Cl 46:8 (B-D-F §428, 2; Rob. 1160; Mlt-Turner 284).ⓔ in combination w. other negatives, strengthening the negation (Mel. Chor. Adesp., Fgm. no. 11 Diehl2 [’42] οὐ μήποτε τὰν ἀρετὰν ἀλλάξομαι ἀντʼ ἀδίκου κέρδεος ‘I shall never exchange virtue for unjust gain’; GrBar 13:3 οὐκ … οὐδέν; Just., D. 26, 1) Mt 22:16; Mk 5:37; Lk 4:2; 23:53 (οὐκ ἦν οὐδεὶς οὔπω); J 6:63; 11:49; 12:19; 15:5; Ac 8:39; 2 Cor 11:9. οὐ μηκέτι (s. μηκέτι fα) Mt 21:19 v.l. For use in questions s. 3 below.α. On the combination of οὐ and μή s. μή 4.β. The combining of οὐδέ and οὐ μή to form οὐδʼ οὐ μή instead of οὐδὲ μή is a late development (a barbarism?; B-D-F §431, 3; Rob. 1175; Mlt-Turner 286.—Prayer to the god Socnopaeus: Mitt-Wilck I/2, 122, 2ff εἰ οὐ δίδοταί μοι συμβιῶσαι Ταπεθεῦτι Μαρρείους οὐδʼ οὐ μὴ γένηται ἄλλου γυνή [Rdm.2 211f]; LXX) Mt 24:21. οὐ μή σε ἀνῶ οὐδʼ οὐ μή σε ἐγκαταλίπω Hb 13:5 (Dt 31:6 A, 8 A οὐδ οὐ μή; 1 Ch 28:20 A).—οὐδὲν … οὐ μὴ ἀδικήσει instead of οὐδὲν … μὴ … Lk 10:19. οὐδὲν οὐ μὴ λήψῃ Hm 9:5.ⓕ w. one of two clauses that are either coordinate or contrasted.α. οὐ … ἀλλά s. ἀλλά 1ab.—1 Th 2:4 the οὐ w. the ptc. is prob. to be explained under this head (s. 3 above).β. οὐ …, … δέ Ac 12:9, 14; Hb 4:13, 15.γ. …, ἀλλʼ οὐ looking back upon a ‘to be sure’ 1 Cor 10:5, 23.δ. οὐ μόνον, ἀλλὰ (καί) s. μόνος 2c.ε. οὐ … εἰ μή s. εἰ 6i.③ marker of expectation of an affirmative answer, not so?ⓐ to a direct question (Hom. et al.):α. do … not? does … not? (B-D-F §427, 2; Rob. 917): οὐκ ἀκούεις, πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν; you hear, do you not …? Mt 27:13. οὐχ ὑμεῖς μᾶλλον διαφέρετε αὐτῶν; 6:26. Cp. vs. 30. ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν οὐ τελεῖ δίδραχμα; your teacher pays the two-drachma tax, does he not? Mt 17:24.—Mk 6:3; 7:18; 12:24; Lk 11:40; J 4:35; 6:70; 7:25; Ac 9:21 and oft. οὐ μέλει σοι ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα; does it make no difference to you that we are perishing? Mk 4:38. In a related senseβ. destroying the force of the negation (cp. Hdt. et al.; Schwyzer II 598): Ac 4:20; 1 Cor 12:15 (B-D-F §431, 1; Rob. 1164).—In questions, if the verb itself is already negatived (by οὐ), the negation can be invalidated by the interrogative particle μή (s. μή 3a), which expects the answer ‘no’, so that the stage is set for an affirmative answer (Aesop, Fab. 374 P.=404aH. μὴ οὐκ ἔστι χλόη;=certainly there is grass, is there not?) μὴ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; surely they have heard, have they not? Ro 10:18; cp. vs. 19. μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν; we have the right, do we not? 1 Cor 9:4; cp. vs. 5. μὴ οἰκίας οὐκ ἔχετε; you have houses, do you not? 11:22.ⓑ to a question expressed impatiently in the second pers. of the fut. indic. and functioning as an imperative οὐ παύσῃ;=παῦσαι! will you not stop? = stop! Ac 13:10.—DELG. M-M.2οὐ μεν οὖν (so Aristoph., Plu. 870, Ran. 556; 1188; also οὐμενοῦν Paus. 1, 21, 1) adv. (Aristoph., Pla. et al.; incl. Luc., Jupp. Tr. 35 twice.—Kühner=G. II 158) a marker introducing a negative statement in contradiction of discourse that precedes, not at all, by no means (expressing a strong negation to a question) Dg 7:4.3οὐ μή s. μή 4. -
2 ὁ
ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,A demonstr. Pronoun.B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dualτοῖιν Od.18.34
, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ;οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404
(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ;τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11
;τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18
;τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e
;τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e
;τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75
(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484,ταῖν Lys.19.17
, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., (Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun,αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105
;τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186
, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it,ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12
, al.III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ;θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43
, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter, the former,Pl.
Prt. 359e, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts,ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595
;τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d
, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition,ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28
, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ;πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c
; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg.,ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6
: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν orὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317
-19, cf. 116 ;τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102
, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. ;τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b
;οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a
, etc.3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite,ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41
;νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c
, cf. Phlb. 13c.4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a correspondingὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3
, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. byἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304
; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ;τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843
, etc. ;ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205
(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf.μέν D.
III ;γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d
, cf. Tht. 181d.6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause,τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491
;τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3
, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87
;ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6
: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν andδέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417
;ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439
;οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e
.VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v.ὅς A.
II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc.,καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt.,καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61
, al.2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such,τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b
: but mostly in acc.,καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23
, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ;τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141
, cf. 9.68 ;τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243
; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, , cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.;τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53
; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.VIII abs. usages of single cases,1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose,τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12
.b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ;τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46
; :—only poet.c of Manner, in this way, thus,Od.
8.510.d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: withoutμέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48
.e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose,τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d
, Sph. 230b.b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6),τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37
;τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89
; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; alsoτὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14
;τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90
: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause,τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107
,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.;ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32
, cf. A.Eu. 462 ;τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59
.c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs.,ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90
, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.;ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71
; : in late Prose, also with Positives,ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47
codd.; withπάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19
, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., the hindmost man,Il.
11.178 ;τὸν ἄριστον 17.80
;τὸν δύστηνον 22.59
;τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325
; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also inτῶν ἄλλων 2.674
, al.: with Advs.,τὸ πρίν 24.543
, al.;τὸ πάρος περ 17.720
;τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583
; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ;τὰ πρῶτα 1.6
,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ;ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559
.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron.,τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5
; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; .b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type,οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109
;πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242
, etc.b freq. with abstract Nouns,ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45
, etc.3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.;τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148
; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ;τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b
;ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ;ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8
;τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8
: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.7 before Prons.,a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., ,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ; ; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., that sort of person,X.
Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art.,τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13
.8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6,πολύς 11.3
, etc.II elliptic expressions:1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers.,τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48
. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, asτὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86
; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν;ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52
; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., asκἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266
, cf.[315] (lyr.);ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412
(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ;τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731
.C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, asκλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262
, cf. 1.300, al. ;Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526
(lyr.);Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86
; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets,ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3
, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., , Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.);τῷ S.Ph.14
; , Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg.τεῦ Il.18.192
(s.v.l.).D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ. -
3 ἔχω
ἔχω (Hom.+) impf. εἶχον, 1 pl. εἴχαμεν and 3 pl. εἶχαν (both as vv.ll.; Mlt-H. 194; B-D-F §82) Mk 8:7; Rv 9:8 or εἴχοσαν (B-D-F §84, 2; Mlt-H. 194; Kühner-Bl. II p. 55) J 15:22, 24; 2 aor. ἔσχον; mixed aor. forms include ἔσχαν Hv 3, 5, 1, ἔσχοσαν 1 Esdr 6:5; 1 Macc 10:15 (ἔσχον, εἴχον vv.ll.); pf. ἔσχηκα; plpf. ἐσχήκειν.—In the following divisions: act. trans. 1–9; act. intr. 10; mid. 11.① to possess or contain, have, own (Hom.+)ⓐ to possess someth. that is under one’s controlα. own, possess (s. esp. TestJob 9f) κτήματα πολλά own much property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. πρόβατα Lk 15:4; J 10:16. θησαυρόν Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21b. βίον living Lk 21:4; 1J 3:17. δραχμὰς δέκα Lk 15:8. πλοῖα Rv 18:19. κληρονομίαν Eph 5:5. θυσιαστήριον Hb 13:10a; μέρος ἔ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. Rv 20:6. Gener. μηδὲν ἔ. own nothing (SibOr 3, 244) 2 Cor 6:10. ὅσα ἔχεις Mk 10:21; cp. 12:44; Mt 13:44, 46; 18:25. τί ἔχεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what do you have that you have not been given? 1 Cor 4:7. The obj. acc. is often used w. an adj. or ptc.: ἔ. ἅπαντα κοινά have everything in common Ac 2:44 (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 18). ἔ. πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα have many good things stored up Lk 12:19.—Hb 12:1. Abs. ἔ. have (anything) (Soph.et al.; Sir 13:5; 14:11) Mt 13:12a; Mk 4:25a; Lk 8:18a. ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν in accordance w. what you have 2 Cor 8:11. ἔ. εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν have (enough) to complete Lk 14:28. W. neg. ἔ. have nothing Mt 13:12b; Mk 4:25b; Lk 8:18b.—ὁ ἔχων the one who has, who is well off (Soph., Aj. 157; Eur., Alc. 57; X., An. 7, 3, 28; Ar. 15:7). πᾶς ὁ ἔχων everyone who has (anything) Mt 25:29a; Lk 19:26a. ὁ μὴ ἔχων the one who has nothing (X., An. 7, 3, 28; 1 Esdr 9:51, 54; 2 Esdr 18:10) Mt 25:29b; Lk 19:26b; 1 Cor 11:22.β. have = hold in one’s charge or keeping ἔ. τὰς κλεῖς hold the keys Rv 1:18; cp. 3:7. τὸ γλωσσόκομον the money-box J 12:6; 13:29.ⓑ to contain someth. have, possess, of the whole in relation to its partsα. of living beings, of parts of the body in men and animals μέλη Ro 12:4a; cp. 1 Cor 12:12. σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα Lk 24:39 (Just., A I, 66, 2 καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα) ἀκροβυστίαν Ac 11:3. οὖς Rv 2:7, 11. ὦτα Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16; Lk 8:8. χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47. Of animals and animal-like beings ἔ. πρόσωπον Rv 4:7. πτέρυγας vs. 8. κέρατα 5:6. ψυχάς 8:9. τρίχας 9:8. κεφαλάς 12:3 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 19 [Stone p. 84]) al. ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32 (Just., D. 48, 3 σάρκα ἔχων). Of plants (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62] εὗρον δένδρον … ἔχον κλάδους) ῥίζαν ἔ. Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6.β. of inanimate things: of cities τ. θεμελίους ἔ. Hb 11:10; cp. Rv 21:14. Of a head-covering χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν has a royal emblem GJs 2:2.ⓒ to have at hand, have at one’s disposal have ἄρτους Mt 14:17; cp. 15:34; J 21:5, where the sense is prob. ‘Did you catch any fish for breakfast?’. οὐκ ἔχω ὸ̔ παραθήσω αὐτῷ I have nothing to set before him Lk 11:6. μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσι since they had nothing to eat Mk 8:1; cp. Mt 15:32 (Soph., Oed. Col. 316 οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ). οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω I have no place to store Lk 12:17. ἄντλημα a bucket J 4:11a. οἰκίας ἔ. have houses (at one’s disposal) 1 Cor 11:22. Of pers.: have (at one’s disposal) (PAmh 92, 18 οὐχ ἕξω κοινωνόν and oft. in pap) Moses and the prophets Lk 16:29. παράκλητον an advocate, a helper 1J 2:1. οὐδένα ἔ. ἰσόψυχον Phil 2:20. ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔ. J 5:7.ⓓ to have within oneself have σύλλημα ἔχει ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου she has something conceived through the Holy Spirit GJs 18:1. Var. constr. w. ἐν: of women ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. be pregnant (γαστήρ 2) Mt 1:18, 23 (Is 7:14); 24:19; Mk 13:17; Lk 21:23; 1 Th 5:3; Rv 12:2. ἔ. τινὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have someone in one’s heart Phil 1:7 (Ovid, Metam. 2, 641 aliquem clausum pectore habere). ἔ. τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ (Jos., Ant. 8, 171; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 14 [Stone p. 8] ἔκρυψεν τὸ μυστήριον, μόνος ἔχων ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ): ζωήν J 5:26. τὴν μαρτυρίαν 1J 5:10; τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου have a sentence of death within oneself 2 Cor 1:9.ⓔ to have with oneself or in one’s company have μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 17) τινά someone Mt 15:30; 26:11; Mk 2:19; 14:7; J 12:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35; σὺν αὐτῷ 4:18.—The ptc. w. acc. = with (Diod S 12, 78, 1 ἔχων δύναμιν with a [military] force; 18, 61, 1 ὁ θρόνος ἔχων τὸ διάδημα the throne with the diadem; JosAs 27:8 ἔχοντες ἐσπασμένας τὰς ῥομφαίας ‘with their swords drawn’) ἀνέβησαν ἔχοντες αὐτόν they went up with him Lk 2:42 D.② to stand in a close relationship to someone, have, have asⓐ of relatives πατέρα ἔ. J 8:41. ἀδελφούς Lk 16:28. ἄνδρα (Aristot., Cat. 15b, 27f λεγόμεθα δὲ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχειν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἄνδρα; Tob 3:8 BA) be married (of the woman) J 4:17f; 1 Cor 7:2b, 13; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). γυναῖκα of the man (cp. Lucian, Tox. 45; SIG 1160 γυναικὸς Αἴ., τῆς νῦν ἔχει; PGM 13, 320; 1 Esdr 9:12, 18; Just., D. 141, 4 πολλὰς ἔσχον γυναίκας. As early as Od. 11, 603 Heracles ἔχει Ἥβην) 1 Cor 7:2a, 12, 29 (for the wordplay cp. Heliod. 1, 18, 4 in connection w. the handing over of a virgin: σὺ ἔχων οὐκ ἕξεις; Crates, 7th Ep. [p. 58, 8 Malherbe] πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). τέκνα Mt 21:28; 22:24; 1 Ti 3:4; 5:4; Tit 1:6. υἱούς (Artem. 5, 42 τὶς τρεῖς ἔχων υἱούς; cp. θυγατέρα TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 17 [Stone p.76]) Lk 15:11; Gal 4:22. σπέρμα have children Mt 22:25. W. acc. as obj. and in predicate (Ar. 8, 4 τούτους συνηγόρους ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας; 11, 3 ἔσχε μοιχὸν τὸν Ἄρην; Ath. 7, 2 ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας) ἔ. τινὰ πατέρα have someone as father Mt 3:9. ἔ. τινὰ γυναῖκα (w. γυναῖκα to be understood fr. the context) 14:4; cp. Mk 6:18; ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔ. that someone has taken his father’s wife (as his own wife: the simple ἔχειν in this sense as Plut., Cato Min. 21, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 10 §34; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 147. Perh. an illicit relationship is meant, as Longus 4, 17; Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.], Viri Ill. 4 JFlach [1880] ἔχω Λαί̈δα) 1 Cor 5:1 (Diod S 20, 33, 5 of a man who had illicit relations with his stepmother: ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν).ⓑ more gener. φίλον have a friend Lk 11:5. ἀσθενοῦντας have sick people Lk 4:40 and χήρας widows 1 Ti 5:16 to care for; παιδαγωγοὺς ἔ. 1 Cor 4:15. δοῦλον Lk 17:7. οἰκονόμον 16:1; κύριον ἔ. have a master, i.e. be under a master’s control Col 4:1; δεσπότην ἔ. 1 Ti 6:2; βασιλέα J 19:15. ἀρχιερέα Hb 4:14; 8:1. ποιμένα Mt 9:36. ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας I have soldiers under me Lk 7:8. W. direct obj. and predicate acc. ἔ. τινὰ ὑπηρέτην have someone as an assistant Ac 13:5 (Just., A I, 14, 1) ἔ. τινὰ τύπον have someone as an example Phil 3:17.—Of the relation of Christians to God and to Jesus ἔ. θεόν, τὸν πατέρα, τὸν υἱόν have God, the Father, the Son, i.e. be in communion w. them 1J 2:23; 2J 9; AcPl Ha 4, 7.—HHanse, at end of this entry.③ to take a hold on someth., have, hold (to), gripⓐ of holding someth. in one’s hand ἔ. τι ἐν τῇ χειρί have someth. in one’s hand (since Il. 18, 505) Rv 1:16; 6:5; 10:2; 17:4. Of holding in the hand without ἐν τῇ χειρί (Josh 6:8; JosAs 5:7) ἔ. κιθάραν 5:8. λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν 8:3, cp. vs. 6; 14:17 and s. ἀλάβαστρον Mt 26:7 and Mk 14:3.ⓑ of keeping someth. safe, a mina (a laborer’s wages for about three months) in a handkerchief keep safe Lk 19:20.ⓒ of holding fast to matters of transcendent importance, fig. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 6:9; 12:17; 19:10; the secret of Christian piety 1 Ti 3:9; an example of sound teaching 2 Ti 1:13; keep (Diod S 17, 93, 1 τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχειν=keep control) Mk 6:18.ⓓ of states of being hold, hold in its grip, seize (Hom. et al.; PGiss 65a, 4 παρακαλῶ σε κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τὴν ἔχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί μοι; Job 21:6; Is 13:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 95 δέος εἶχε τοὺς Ἑβρ.; 5, 63; Just., D. 19, 3) εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις trembling and amazement had seized them Mk 16:8.④ to carry/bear as accessory or part of a whole, have on, wear, of clothing, weapons, etc. (Hom. et al.; LXX; TestAbr B p. 114, 22 [Stone p. 76]) τὸ ἔνδυμα Mt 3:4; 22:12 (cp. ἔνδυσιν TestJob 25:7). κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων w. τὶ to be supplied while he wears (a covering) on his head 1 Cor 11:4. ἔ. θώρακας Rv 9:9, 17. ἔ. μάχαιραν wear a sword (Jos., Ant. 6, 190) J 18:10. Sim. of trees ἔ. φύλλα have leaves Mk 11:13 (ApcSed. 8:8).⑤ be in a position to do someth., can, be able, ἔ. w. inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; cp. Eur., Hec. 761; Hdt. 1, 49; Pla., Phd. p. 76d; Demosth., Ep. 2, 22; Theocr. 10, 37 τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν=I cannot specify the manner; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 21, 2, Hermot. 55; Epict. 1, 9, 32; 2, 2, 24 al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 50 K.=27 p. 546 D.: οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν; PPetr II, 12, 1, 16; PAmh 131, 15; Pr 3:27; ApcEsdr 2:24; 3:7; 6:5; TestAbr A 8, p. 86, 13 [Stone p. 20]; Jos., Ant. 1, 338; 2, 58; Just., A I, 19, 5, D. 4, 6 οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν) ἔ. ἀποδοῦναι be able to pay Mt 18:25a; Lk 7:42; 14:14. μὴ ἔ. περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι be in a position to do nothing more 12:4. οὐδὲν ἔ. ἀντειπεῖν be able to make a reply Ac 4:14; cp. Tit 2:8. ἔ. κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ J 8:6 (cp. 9a below, end). ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι οὐκ ἔχω I have nothing definite to write Ac 25:26a; cp. 26b. ἔ. μεταδιδόναι Eph 4:28a. ἔ. τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι be able to recall these things to mind 2 Pt 1:15. κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι he could swear by no one greater Hb 6:13. In the same sense without the actual addition of the inf., which is automatically supplied fr. context (X., An. 2, 1, 9) ὸ̔ ἔσχεν (i.e. ποιῆσαι) ἐποίησεν she has done what she could Mk 14:8.⑥ to have an opinion about someth., consider, look upon, view w. acc. as obj. and predicate acc. (POxy 292, 6 [c. 25 A.D.] ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεσταμένον=look upon him as recommended; 787 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 71, 4; Job 30:9; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 19; Ath. 32, 3 τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς … νοοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφούς ἔχομεν) ἔχε με παρῃτημένον consider me excused (= don’t expect me to come) Lk 14:18b, 19 (cp. Martial 2, 79 excusatum habeas me). τινὰ ἔντιμον ἔ. hold someone in honor Phil 2:29. ἔ. τινὰ ὡς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46 v.l. (cp. GNicod 5 [=Acta Pilati B 5 p. 297 Tdf.] ἔχειν [Jannes and Jambres] ὡς θεούς; Just., D. 47, 5 τὸν μετανοοῦντα … ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον ἔχει). ἔ. τινὰ εἰς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 21:46 (cp. Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 21 Jac. ὸ̔ν εἰς θεοὺς ἔχουσιν). εἶχον τ. Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they thought that John was really a prophet Mk 11:32.⑦ to experience someth., have (freq. in auxiliary capacity CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357–60)ⓐ of all conditions of body and soul (Hom. et al.; LXX)α. of illness, et al. (ApcMos 6 νόσον καὶ πόνον ἔχω; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 305) ἀσθενείας have sicknesses/diseases Ac 28:9. μάστιγας physical troubles Mk 3:10. πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης Rv 13:14. θλῖψιν J 16:33b; 1 Cor 7:28; Rv 2:10. Esp. of possession by hostile spirits: δαιμόνιον ἔ. be possessed by an evil spirit Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. Βεελζεβούλ Mk 3:22. πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον vs. 30; 7:25; Ac 8:7. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου Lk 4:33. πνεῦμα πονηρόν Ac 19:13. πνεῦμα ἄλαλον Mk 9:17. πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας spirit of sickness Lk 13:11. τὸν λεγιῶνα (the evil spirit called) Legion Mk 5:15.β. gener. of conditions, characteristics, capabilities, emotions, inner possession: ἀγάπην ἔ. have love (cp. Diod S 3, 58, 3 φιλίαν ἔχειν; Just., D. 93, 4 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντε) J 5:42; 13:35; 15:13; 1J 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 2:2; 1 Pt 4:8. ἀγνωσίαν θεοῦ fail to know God 1 Cor 15:34. ἁμαρτίαν J 9:41; 15:22a. ἀσθένειαν Hb 7:28. γνῶσιν 1 Cor 8:1, 10 (Just., A II, 13, 1; D. 28, 4). ἐλπίδα Ac 24:15; Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12; 10:15; Eph 2:12; 1J 3:3 (Ath. 33, 1). ἐπιθυμίαν Phil 1:23. ἐπιποθίαν Ro 15:23b; ζῆλον ἔ. have zeal Ro 10:2. Have jealousy Js 3:14. θυμόν Rv 12:12. λύπην (ApcMos 3 p. 2, 16 Tdf.) J 16:21f; 2 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:27; μνείαν τινὸς ἔ. remember someone 1 Th 3:6. παρρησίαν Phlm 8; Hb 10:19; 1J 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. πεποίθησιν 2 Cor 3:4; Phil 3:4. πίστιν Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 4:40; Ac 14:9; Ro 14:22; 1 Cor 13:2; 1 Ti 1:19 al. (Just., A I, 52, 1). προφητείαν have the gift of prophecy 1 Cor 13:2. σοφίαν (X., Mem. 2, 3, 10) Rv 17:9. συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν Hb 10:2. καλὴν συνείδησιν 13:18; ἀγαθὴν ς. 1 Ti 1:19; 1 Pt 3:16; ἀπρόσκοπον ς. Ac 24:16; ὑπομονήν Rv 2:3. φόβον 1 Ti 5:20. χαράν Phlm 7. χάριν ἔ. τινί be grateful to someone Lk 17:9; 1 Ti 1:12; 2 Ti 1:3; σιγὴν ἔ. be silent Hs 9, 11, 5. ἀνάγκην ἔσχον I felt it necessary Jd 3 (HKoskenniemi, Studien zur Idee und Phraseologie des Griechischen Briefes bis 400 n. Chr. ’56, 78–87).γ. of advantages, benefits, or comforts that one enjoys: ἔ. τὰ αἰτήματα to have been granted the requests 1J 5:15; ἀνάπαυσιν ἔ. have rest Rv 4:8; 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τινος ἔ. enjoy someth. Hb 11:25. βάθος γῆς Mt 13:5b; Mk 4:5b; γῆν πολλήν Mt 13:5a; Mk 4:5a. τὴν προσέλευσιν τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 8, 22f; εἰρήνην Ro 5:1. ἐλευθερίαν Gal 2:4. S. ἐξουσία, ἐπαγγελία, ἔπαινος, ζωή, ἰκμάς, καιρός, καρπός, καύχημα, καύχησις, λόγος, μισθός, νοῦς, πνεῦμα, προσαγωγή, πρόφασις, τιμή, χάρις (=favor), χάρισμα.δ. of a sense of obligation in regard to someth.—W. dir. object have = have someth. over one, be under someth.: ἀνάγκην ἔχειν be under necessity 1 Cor 7:37a; w. inf. foll. have a need (ἀνάγκη 1) Lk 14:18; 23:16 v.l.; Hb 7:27; χρείαν ἔ. be in need abs. Eph 4:28b; τινός need someth. (Aeschyl. et al.; SIG 333, 20; 421, 35 al.; PPetr III, 42 G 9, 7 [III B.C.] ἐάν τινος χρείαν ἔχῃς; Ath. 13, 2 ποίας ἔτι χρείαν ἑκατόμβης ἔχει;) Mt 6:8; 9:12a; Mk 11:3; Lk 19:31, 34; J 13:29; 1 Cor 12:21; Hb 10:36 al.; w. inf. foll. (TestSol 13:2) Mt 3:14; 14:16; J 13:10; 1 Th 1:8; 4:9; 5:1. νόμον J 19:7. ἐπιταγήν 1 Cor 7:25. ἐντολήν (SIG 559, 9 ἔ. τὰς ἰντολάς; 1 Esdr 4:52; 2 Macc 3:13; Jos., Bell. 1, 261) Hb 7:5; 1J 2:7; 4:21; 2J 5; cp. J 14:21. διακονίαν 2 Cor 4:1. ἀγῶνα Phil 1:30; Col 2:1. πρᾶξιν Ro 12:4b. ἔγκλημα Ac 23:29. κόλασιν ApcPt Bodl. (ApcEsdr 1:22 p. 25, 17 Tdf.).ε. of a sense of inevitability in respect to some action.—W. inf. foll. one must (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 καθαιρεθῆναι ἔχεις=you must be deposed; Porphyr., Against the Christians 63 Harnack [ABA 1916] παθεῖν; Gen 18:31; Jos., Ant. 19, 348 τοῦ τεθνάναι; TestSol 5:12 σίδηρα ἔχεις φορέσαι; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 22 [Stone p. 48] τοῦ βίου τοῦτου ἀπαλλάξαι εἶχες; Just., D. 51, 2 ἔργῳ πεισθήναι ὑμῶν ἐχόντων) βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι I must undergo a baptism Lk 12:50. ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν I have someth. to say to you (Lucian, Philops. 1 ἔχεις μοι εἰπεῖν. Without dat. Aelian, VH 2, 23; Jos., Ant. 16, 312) 7:40. καινόν σοι θέαμα ἔχω ἐξηγήσασθαι I have a wonderful new thing to tell you=‘I must tell you about something wonderful that I’ve just seen’ GJs 19:3. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Ac 23:17, 19; cp. vs. 18. πολλὰ γράφειν 2J 12; 3J 13.ⓑ of temporal circumstances w. indications of time and age: πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις you are not yet fifty years old J 8:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 198). τριάκοντα κ. ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ who had been sick for 38 years 5:5 (Cyranides p. 63, 25 πολὺν χρόνον ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ. W. cardinal numeral TestJob 26:1 δέκα ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἔχω ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς; POxy 1862, 17 τέσσαρες μῆνας ἔχει. Mirac. S. Georgii 44, 7 [JAufhauser 1913] ἔσχεν … ἔτη ἑπτά); cp. Mt 9:20 v.l. τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἔ. ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ have lain in the grave for four days J 11:17 (Jos., Ant. 7, 1 αὐτοῦ δύο ἡμέρας ἔχοντος ἐν τῇ Σεκέλλᾳ). πολὺν χρόνον ἔ. be (somewhere or in a certain condition) for a long time 5:6. ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthyd. 32, 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τὴν ἡλικίαν) 9:21, 23. τέλος ἔχειν have an end, be at an end (Lucian, Charon 17; UPZ 81 III, 20 [II A.D.] τέλος ἔχει πάντα; Ar. 4:2 ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος) Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (on the latter pass. s. τέλος 2); cp. Hb 7:3.⑧ as connective marker, to have or include in itself, bring about, cause w. acc. (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:16) of ὑπομονή: ἔργον τέλειον Js 1:4. Of πίστις: ἔργα 2:17. Of φόβος: κόλασιν 1J 4:18. Of παρρησία: μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν Hb 10:35. Of πολυτέλεια: λύπην, χαράν Hs 1, 10. ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν, ἥτις διαδοχὴν οὐκ ἔχει ultimate blessing, which has no successor GJs 6:2.⑨ special combinationsⓐ w. prep. ἐν: τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἐν ἐπιγνώσει acknowledge God Ro 1:28 (cp. ἐν ὀργῇ ἔ. τινά=‘be angry at someone’, Thu. 2, 18, 5; 2, 21, 3; ἐν ὀρρωδίᾳ ἔ. τ. 2, 89, 1; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔ. τ.=‘be glad to see someone’ 3, 9, 1; ἐν εὐνοίᾳ ἔ. Demosth. 18, 167). ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (ἕτοιμος b). ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν he has no hold on me J 14:30 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §125 ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι=have someth. [hope of safety] in someone). κατά τινος: on 1 Cor 11:4 s. above 4. ἔ. τι κατά τινος have someth. against someone Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:14. ἔ. κατά τινος w. sim. mng. Hm 2:2; Hs 9, 23, 2; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:4, 20. ἔ. τινὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον meet someone face to face Ac 25:16. μετά: ἔ. τι μετά τινος have someth. w. someone κρίματα lawsuits 1 Cor 6:7. περί: ἔ. περί τινος have (a word, a reference, an explanation) about someth. B 12:1; with adv. τελείως 10:10. πρός τινα have someth. against someone (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21 ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον) Ac 24:19. ζητήματα ἔ. πρός τινα have differences w. someone (on points in question) 25:19. λόγον ἔ. πρός τινα 19:38. πρᾶγμα (=Lat. causa, ‘lawsuit’: BGU 19 I, 5; 361 II, 4) ἔ. πρός τινα (POxy 743, 19 [2 B.C.] εἰ πρὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα; BGU 22:8) 1 Cor 6:1. ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατηγορίαν αὐτοῦ J 8:4 D (cp. 5 above). πρός τινα ἔ. μομφήν have a complaint against someone Col 3:13.ⓑ τοῦτο ἔχεις ὅτι you have this (in your favor), that Rv 2:6. ἔ. ὁδόν be situated (a certain distance) away (cp. Peripl. Eryth. 37: Ὡραία ἔχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης) of the Mt. of Olives ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἰερουσαλὴμ σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν Ac 1:12.—ἴδε ἔχεις τὸ σόν here you have what is yours Mt 25:25. ἔχετε κουστωδίαν there you have a guard (=you can have a guard) 27:65 (cp. POxy 33 III, 4).⑩ to be in some state or condition, act. intr. (spatially: Ath. 25, 1 οἱ ἄγγελοι … περὶ τόν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν) w. adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ impers. it is, the situation is (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10 πῶς ὑμῖν ἔχειν ταῦτα δοκεῖ; =how does this situation seem to you? Just., D. 3, 5 τὸ … ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ ἔχων) ἄλλως 1 Ti 5:25. οὕτως (Antig. Car. 20; Cebes 4, 1; POxy 294, 11 [22 A.D.] εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; TestSol 20:8; Jos., Ant. 15, 261; Just., D. 3:5 οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει) Ac 7:1; 12:15; 17:11; 24:9. τὸ καλῶς ἔχον what is right 1 Cl 14:2 (Michel 543, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] καλῶς ἔχον ἐστὶ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας). τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present Ac 24:25 (cp. Plut., Mor. 749a; Lucian, Anachars. 40, Catapl. 13 τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον μὴ διάτριβε; Tob 7:11).ⓑ pers. be (in a certain way) πῶς ἔχουσιν how they are Ac 15:36 (cp. Gen 43:27; Jos., Ant. 4, 112). ἑτοίμως ἔ. be ready, hold oneself in readiness w. inf. foll. (BGU 80, 17 [II A.D.] ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι; Da 3:15 LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 6; Just., D. 50, 1) 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pt 4:5. Also ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (s. ἕτοιμος b end). εὖ ἔ. be well-disposed πρός τινα toward someone Hs 9, 10, 7 (cp. Demosth. 9, 63 ἥδιον ἔχειν πρός τινα; SIG 1094, 4 φιλανθρώπως ἔχει πρὸς πάντας). κακῶς ἔ. be sick (Aristoph. et al.; POxy 935, 15; Ezk 34:4) Mt 4:24; 8:16; 9:12b; 17:15 v.l. (see πάσχω 2). καλῶς ἔ. be well, healthy (Epict. 1, 11, 4; PGen 54, 8; PFlor 230, 24) Mk 16:18; ἐσχάτως ἔ. (s. ἐσχάτως) 5:23; κομψότερον ἔ. feel better (κομψῶς ἔ.: Epict. 2, 18, 14; 3, 10, 13; PParis 18; PTebt 414, 10 ἐὰν κομψῶς σχῶ) J 4:52.⑪ to be closely associated, in a variety of renderings, hold fast, be next to, be next, mid. (Hom. et al.) in NT only ptc.ⓐ of proper situation or placement, esp. of inner belonging hold fast, cling to. The ‘to’ of belonging and the ‘with’ of association are expressed by the gen. (Theognis 1, 32 ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο=ever hold fast to the good people; X., Oec. 6, 1; Pla., Leg. 7, 811d; Lucian, Hermot. 69 ἐλπίδος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐχόμενα λέγεις; Sallust. 14 p. 26, 24 τ. θεῶν; Philo, Agr. 101 τὰ ἀρετῆς ἐχόμενα; Jos., Ant. 10, 204 οὐδὲν ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας ἐχόμενον, C. Ap. 1, 83 παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον; Just., A I, 68, 1 λόγου καὶ ἀληθείας ἔχεσθαι; Tat. 33, 1 μανίας ἔχεται πολλῆς; Ath., R. 48, 3 λόγῳ … ἀληθείας ἐχομένῳ) τὰ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας things that belong to salvation Hb 6:9.ⓑ of proximityα. spatial, to be next to someth: ἐχόμενος neighboring (Isocr. 4, 96 νῆσος; Hdt. 1, 134 al. οἱ ἐχόμενοι=‘the neighbors’; Diod S 5, 15, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294; Arrian, Peripl. 7, 2; PParis 51, 5 and oft. in pap; 1 Esdr 4:42; Jos., Ant. 6, 6 πρὸς τὰς ἐχομένας πόλεις; 11, 340) κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38.β. temporal, to be next, immediately following (Thu. 6, 3, 2 τ. ἐχομένου ἔτους al.; SIG 800, 15; PRev 34, 20; PAmh 49, 4; PTebt 124, 43; LXX) τῇ ἐχομένῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ, as Polyb. 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9; 2 Macc 12:39; Jos., Ant. 6, 235; 7, 18 al.; cp. εἰς τὴν ἐχομένην [i.e. ἡμέραν] PMich 173, 16 [III B.C.]) on the next day Lk 13:33 (v.l. ἐρχομένῃ); Ac 20:15; w. ἡμέρᾳ added (PAmh 50, 17) 21:26. τῷ ἐχομένῳ σαββάτῳ 13:44 v.l. (for ἐρχομένῳ; cp. 1 Macc 4:28, where the witnesses are similarly divided).—On the whole word HHanse, ‘Gott Haben’ in d. Antike u. im frühen Christentum ’39.—B. 641; 740. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
4 ἀκούω
ἀκούω fut. ἀκούσω SibOr 4, 175; Mt 12:19; 13:14 (Is 6:9); J 5:25, 28; 10:16, ἀκούσομαι EpArist 5; Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); 28:28 (freq. w. vv.ll.); 1 aor. ἤκουσα; pf. ἀκήκοα; ptc. ἠκουκώς Hs 5, 4, 2. Pass.: fut. ἀκουσθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠκούσθην; pf. 3 sg. ἤκουσται Dt 4:32 (Hom.+) ‘hear’, as a passive respondent to λέγω.① lit. to have or exercise the faculty of hearing, hearⓐ abs. τὰ ὦτα ἀκούουσιν Mt 13:16; κωφοὶ ἀ. 11:5; cp. Mk 7:37; Lk 7:22; τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἀ. be hard of hearing Mt 13:15 (Is 6:10); ἀκοῇ ἀ. Mt 13:14; Ac 28:26 (both Is 6:9). ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν they hear and yet do not hear Mt 13:13 (s. Aeschyl., Prom. 448 κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον; Demosth. 25 [Against Aristogeiton 1], 89, citing the maxim ὁρῶντας μὴ ὁρᾶν καὶ ἀκούοντας μὴ ἀκούειν), cp. Mk 8:18 (Ezk 12:2) and s. 7 below. In the protasis of a challenge to hearers, by which their attention is drawn to a special difficulty: ὁ ἔχων ὦτα (οὖς) ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω, w. variations (Arrian, Ind. 5, 1 ὅστις ἐθέλει φράζειν …, φραζέτω) Mt 11:15 v.l.; 13:9 v.l., 43 v.l.; Mk 4:9, 23; 7:15 [16] v.l.; Lk 8:8; 14:35 (EBishop, BT 7, ’56, 38–40); Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9. Cp. Ox 1081 verso, 6–8; s. 7 below for the restored text. For the sense of the impv. in these challenges also s. 7. S. οὖς 2.ⓑ w. obj. (on the syntax B-D-F §173; 416, 1; Rob. 506f; on the LXX s. Johannessohn, Kasus, 36; Helbing, Kasussyntax 150ff).α. foll. by a thing as obj. in acc. (Diod S 8, 32, 1 τὶ something) Mt 11:4; 13:17ff; Lk 7:22; 1J 1:1, 3. τὴν φωνήν (UPZ 77 I, 25) Mt 12:19; J 3:8; Ac 22:9 (but see 7 below); 1 Cl 39:3 (Job 4:16); (pass. Mt 2:18 [Jer 38:15]; Rv 18:22). τὸν λόγον Mt 13:20ff; J 5:24. τοὺς λόγους, τὰ ῥήματα Mt 10:14; J 8:47 s. 4 below; Ac 2:22. πολέμους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων Mt 24:6. τὴν βλασφημίαν 26:65. τὸν ἀσπασμόν Lk 1:41. ἄρρητα ῥήματα 2 Cor 12:4. τὸν ἀριθμόν Rv 9:16. τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν Hv 3, 12, 2. Pass. τὰ ἀκουσθέντα what has been heard i.e. the message Hb 2:1. ἠκούσθη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῆς ἐκκλησίας … ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ the report reached the ears of the church in Jerusalem Ac 11:22. Oft. the obj. is to be supplied fr. context Mt 13:17; Mk 4:15; J 6:60a; Ac 2:37; 8:30; 9:21; Ro 10:14. καθὼς ἀκούω = ἃ ἀ. J 5:30.β. τί τινος hear someth. fr. someone τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν, ἣν ἠκούσατέ μου the promise which you heard from me Ac 1:4. Still other constrs. occur, which are also poss. when the hearing is not directly fr. the mouth of the informant, but involves a report which one has received fr. the pers. in any way at all (s. below 3d). τὶ ἔκ τινος (Od. 15, 374; Hdt. 3, 62 ἐκ τοῦ κήρυκος) 2 Cor 12:6. τὶ παρά τινος (Soph., Oed. R. 7 παρʼ ἀγγέλων; Pla., Rep. 6, 506d; Demosth. 6, 26; Jer 30:8; Jos., Bell. 1, 529) J 8:26, 40 (τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀ. as Diod S 16, 50, 2); 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 2:2; w. attraction of the relative λόγων ὧν παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας teachings which you have heard from me 1:13; τὶ ἀπό τινος (Thu. 1, 125, 1) 1J 1:5. Hebraistically ἀπὸ τ. στόματός τινος Lk 22:71 (cp. ἐκ τ. στόμ. τ. Ex 23:13; Ezk 3:17; 33:7).γ. foll. by a thing as obj. in gen. (Hdt. 8, 135; X., Cyr. 3, 1, 8; Demosth. 18, 3; B-D-F §173, 2; Rob. 507) hear someth. τῆς βλασφημίας (= τὴν βλ. Mt 26:65) Mk 14:64. συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν Lk 15:25; τῆς φωνῆς (BGU 1007, 11 [III B.C.] ἀκούσαντες φωνῆς) J 5:25, 28; Ac 9:7 (on the experience of Paul and his companions cp. Maximus Tyr. 9, 7d–f: some see a divine figure, others see nothing but hear a voice, still others both see and hear); 11:7; 22:7 (HMoehring, NovT 3, ’59, 80–99; s. Rob. 506). τῶν λόγων Lk 6:47. τῶν ῥημάτων J 12:47.ⓒ hear, listen to w. gen. of the pers. and a ptc. (Pla., Prot. 320b; X., Symp. 3, 13; Herm. Wr. 12, 8; Jos., Ant. 10, 105 ἤκουσε τοῦ προφήτου ταῦτα λέγοντος): ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος we have heard him say Mk 14:58; ἀκοῦσαι προσευχομένου Παύλου AcPl Ha 2, 12. ἤκουον εἷς ἕκαστος … λαλούντων αὐτῶν each one heard them speaking Ac 2:6, 11; Rv 16:5, 7 (in vs. 7 the altar speaks); Hv 1, 3, 3. W. acc. instead of gen. πᾶν κτίσμα … καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς πάντα ἤκουσα λέγοντας (v.l. λέγοντα) Rv 5:13. Used without ptc. w. pronoun only: μου (Dio Chrys. 79 [28], 14) Mk 7:14; Ac 26:3. αὐτῶν Lk 2:46. αὐτοῦ vs. 47; 15:1; 19:48; 21:38; J 3:29 etc. ἡμῶν Ac 24:4.—ἀ. τινὸς περί τινος (since Hdt. 7, 209; IG II, 168 [338 B.C.]) hear someone (speak) about someth. Ac 17:32. ἤκουσεν αὐτοῦ περὶ τῆς … πίστεως he heard him speak about faith Ac 24:24, cp. Hm 11:7.—W. ὅτι foll. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 18) J 14:28; Ac 22:2.—Abs. οἱ ἀκούοντες the hearers (Diod S 4, 7, 4) Lk 6:27; MPol 7:3. Esp. impv. ἄκουε listen! Mk 12:29 (Dt 6:4); Hs 5, 1, 3; pl. Mk 4:3. ἀκούσατε Ac 7:2; 13:16; AcPl Ha 8, 10. W. συνίετε listen and try to understand Mt 15:10.② legal t.t. to hear a legal case, grant a hearing to someone (X., Hell. 1, 7, 9 al.; PAmh 135, 14; PIand 9, 10; 15; BGU 511 II, 2; POxy 1032, 59) w. παρά τινος: ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρʼ αὐτοῦ without first giving him a hearing J 7:51 (SPancaro, Biblica 53, ’72, 340–61).—Ac 25:22.③ to receive news or information about someth., learn about someth.ⓐ abs. ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς when Jesus learned about it (the death of J. Bapt.) Mt 14:13.—Mk 3:21; 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92); Ro 10:18. W. ἀναγγέλλειν 15:21 (Is 52:15).ⓑ w. gen. of person οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν of whom they have not heard Ro 10:14a.—W. acc. of thing (X., Cyr. 1, 1, 4; Diod S 19, 8, 4; Chion, Ep. 12 ἀκ. τὴν τυραννίδα; Herodian 4, 4, 8) learn of τὴν ἀγάπην Phlm 5. τὴν ἀναστροφήν Gal 1:13. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Χριστοῦ Mt 11:2. τὴν ἐνέδραν the ambush Ac 23:16: Χριστιανισμὸν ἀ. hear Christianity IPhld 6:1; τὴν οἰκονομίαν Eph 3:2. τὴν πίστιν 1:15; Col 1:4. τὴν ὑπομονήν Js 5:11.—Pass. ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία it is reported that there is immorality among you 1 Cor 5:1 (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 139 τοῦτο ἐξακούεται=this report is heard). ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος if this should come to the prefect’s ears Mt 28:14.ⓒ ἀ. τι περί τινος (since Hdt. 2, 43) learn someth. about someone Lk 9:9; 16:2.—ἀ. περί τινος (Jos., Vi. 246) Lk 7:3.ⓓ w. prep., to denote the author or source of the information (s. 1bβ) ἀ. τι παρά τινος: τῶν ἀκουσάντων παρὰ Ἰωάννου who had learned fr. John (who Jesus was) J 1:40, cp. 6:45 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 110, 35 τὸ ἀκοῦσαι παρὰ θεοῦ, ὅτι ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή); ἀ. τι ἔκ τινος: ἠκούσαμεν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου we have heard from the law (when it was read in the synagogue) J 12:34, where ἀ. approaches the technical sense learn (a body of authoritative teaching), as 1J 1:5 (s. above); 2:7, 24 et al. (OPiper, JBL 66, ’47, 437 n. 1). ἀ. ἀπό τινος περί τινος Ac 9:13.ⓔ w. ὅτι foll. (SIG 370, 21; PTebt 416, 8; BGU 246, 19; Josh l0:1; Da 5:14 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:55; 4 Macc 4:22; cp. the constr. ἀ. τινὰ ὅτι Od. 3, 193; X., Mem. 4, 2, 33) Mt 2:22; 4:12 al.—Pass. ἠκούσθη ὅτι ἐν οἴκῳ ἐστίν it became known that he was in the house Mk 2:1 (s. B-D-F §405, 2). οὐκ ἠκούσθη ὅτι it is unheard of that J 9:32.ⓕ w. acc. and inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 165; 13, 292) J 12:18; 1 Cor 11:18. W. acc. and ptc. (X., Cyr. 2, 4, 12; Herodian 2, 12, 4) Ac 7:12; 3J 4.④ to give careful attention to, listen to, heed ἀ. τινός someone (Hom. et al.) ἀκούετε αὐτοῦ Mt 17:5; Lk 9:35; Ac 3:22 (all three Dt 18:15); cp. Mt 18:15; Lk 16:29, 31; J 10:8; Ac 4:19. W. acc. of thing J 8:47 (s. 1bα); PEg2 53f (restored).—Abs. (PsSol 2:8) obey, listen αὐτοὶ καὶ ἀκούσονται Ac 28:28; cp. Mt 18:16; J 5:25b; agree 9:27a.⑤ to pay attention to by listening, listen to ἀ. τινός someone/someth. (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 14 I, 18; 461, 6) Mk 6:11; J 6:60b. Of God (Hom.+) Ac 7:34 (Ex 3:7); J 9:31; 11:41f; 1J 5:14f; AcPt Ox 849, 27.—Abs. καθὼς ἠδύναντο ἀ. as they were able to listen Mk 4:33 (EMolland, SymbOsl 8, 1929, 83–91; s. also 7 below).⑥ to be given a nickname or other identifying label, be called (Demosth. 18, 46 κόλακες ἀκούουσι; Diog. L. 2, 111 a derisive nickname; 2, 140) ἤκουσαν προδόται γονέων they were called betrayers of their parents Hv 2, 2, 2.⑦ to hear and understand a message, understand (Teles p. 47, 12; Galen: CMG Suppl. I p. 12, 29; Aelian, VH 13, 46; Apollon. Dysc., Syntax p. 295, 25 [Gramm. Gr. II/2 p. 424, 5 U.] ἀκούειν= συνιέναι τῶν ἠκουσμένων; Sext. Emp., Math. 1, 37 τὸ μὴ πάντας πάντων ἀκούειν; Julian, Orat. 4 p. 147a; PGM 3, 453 ἀκούσεις τὰ ὄρνεα λαλοῦντα; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 35) abs. (Is 36:11) 1 Cor 14:2. Perh. also Mk 4:33 (s. 5 above, and cp. Epict. 1, 29, 66 τ. δυναμένοις αὐτὰ ἀκοῦσαι). On the form of Lk 6:27a cp. Cleopatra 16, 57 ὑμῖν δὲ λέγω τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν. W. acc. τὸν νόμον understand the law Gal 4:21; perh. Ac 22:9; 26:14 (s. 1bα above) belong here. Cp. also the play on words (1a above) ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν Mt 13:13; cp. Mk 8:18. Here belong also the imperatives in Mt 11:15; 13:9, 43; Mk 4:9, 23; 7:15 [16] v.l.; Lk 8:8; 14:35; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9; also ὁ ἔχων ὦ[τ]α τ[ῶν ἀ]|περάντων [ἀ]κο[ύει?]ν ἀ|κουέτω one who has ears to hear the things that are without limits let him hear Ox 1081, 6–8, rev. on the basis of the Coptic, s. SJCh 89, 5f; cp. Borger, GGA 122.—ἀκούω is occasionally used as a perfective present: I hear= I have heard (so as early as Il. 24, 543; Aristoph., Frogs 426; X., An. 2, 5, 13, Mem. 2, 4, 1; 3, 5, 26; Pla., Rep. 583d; Theocr. 15, 23) Lk 9:9; 1 Cor 11:18; 2 Th 3:11. B-D-F §322.—B. 1037; 1339. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
5 πειράω
Aἐπείρων Th.4.25
: [tense] fut. - άσω [pron. full] [ᾱ] ib.9, 43 : [tense] aor. , Ar.Eq. 517, Th.6.54 : [tense] pf.πεπείρᾱκα Luc.Am.26
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐπειράθην [pron. full] [ᾱ] Th.6.54; cf. πειράζω.B more freq. in [voice] Med. [full] πειράομαι, Il.2.193, 24.390, etc.: [tense] fut. - άσομαι [pron. full] [ᾱ] S.OC 959, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 2pl.πειρασεῖσθε Ar.Ach. 743
, cf. Hippod. ap. Stob.4.1.94; laterπειρᾱθήσομαι Gp.12.13.12
: [tense] aor. ἐπειρᾱσάμην, [dialect] Ion. ἐπειρησάμην, Od.8.120, Hdt.7.135, Th.2.44,al.; but [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἐπειρήθην, [dialect] Att. ἐπειράθην [pron. full] [ᾱ], found in med. sense, Il.19.384, al., Hdt.3.152,al., Th.2.5 (v.l.), 33, 6.92, and in later Prose: [tense] pf. πεπείρᾱμαι, [dialect] Ion. - ημαι, Od.3.23, Pi.Fr. 110, Hdt.9.46, S.Fr. 584, Antipho 5.1, etc.: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] plpf.ἐπεπείραντο D.C.Fr.24.3
, [dialect] Ion.ἐπεπειρέατο Hdt. 7.125
. (From πεῖρα.)A [voice] Act., attempt, endeavour, try, c. inf.,μήτε τις.. πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος Il.8.8
; ;π. ἐς τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐσβάλλειν Hdt.6.84
, cf. Ar.V. 1025, al.: folld. by ὡς .., Il.4.66, Od.2.316, etc.; by ὅπως .., 4.545 : c. Adj. neut.,πολλὰ πειρῶντες Th.6.38
;πάντα Plu. 2.1122b
: with inf. understood, Th.7.32.II c. gen. pers., make trial of one, μή μευ πειράτω, for the purpose of persuading, Il.9.345, cf. 24.433; of things,τευχέων A.R.3.1249
: in hostile sense, make an attempt on,μήλων πειρήσοντα Il.12.301
, Od.6.134; οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν .. Hdt.6.82;π. τοῦ χωρίου Th.1.61
;Νισαίας Id.4.70
;ἀλλήλων Id.7.38
;νυμφείας εὐνᾶς Pi.N.5.30
.III abs., ναυσὶ π. make an attempt by sea, Th.4.25; π. ἐπὶ τὴν κώμην ib.43.IV c. acc. rei, experience,τύχης ἐπήρειαν Luc.Am.46
.2 c. acc. pers., make an attempt on a woman's honour, Ar.Eq. 517 (ubiv. Sch.), Pl. 150, 1067, Lys.1.12, X. Cyr.5.2.28, etc.:—[voice] Pass., , cf. Pl. Phdr. 227c ; v. infr. B. IV, cf.πεῖρα 11
.B more freq. in [voice] Med., c. inf., try to do, Il.4.5, Hdt.5.71, 6.138, al., Ar.Pl. 459, X.Oec.6.2, Lys. 12.64, Isoc.3.41, Pl. Tht. 186b : c. [tense] fut. inf., J.AJ17.8.4 : the inf. is sts. understood, πειρήσεται (sc. ἀλύξαι) Od.4.417 : folld. by εἰ, Il.13.806, Pl.Phd. 95b;πειρήσεται αἴ κε θέῃσιν Il.18.601
; by ἐάν or ἄν, A.Pr. 327, Pl.Lg. 638e; by μὴ .., lest.., Od.21.394; by ὅπως .., X.An.3.2.3 : c. part., freq. in Hdt.,ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιών 1.77
; προσβαίνων ib.84;π. βιώμενοι 4.139
;π. ἀποσχίζων 6.9
, cf. 5,50, 7.139, al.;π. σκοπῶν Pl. Tht. 190e
<*> c. neut. Adj., τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π. X.Cyr.1.5.14.II most freq. (V.A. 11) c. gen.,1 c. gen. pers., make trial of one, Il.10.444, Od.13.336, etc.; νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰ .. 19.215;ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι.. εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε Il.19.384
; with gen. not expressed,ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι 2.73
; ἦ πρῶτ' ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο test him in each particular, Od.4.119 (v.l. μυθήσαιτο) ; π. θεοῦ make trial of, tempt a god, Hdt.6.86. γ, cf. A.Ag. 1663 (troch.): in hostile sense,πρὶν πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.21.580
(with acc. cogn. addedἀέθλους.. ἐπειρήσαντ' Ὀδυσῆος Od.8.23
): freq. in Hdt., esp. ἀλλήλων πειρᾶσθαι, as ; , etc.; π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου make an attempt on it, Hdt.8.100;π. τοῦ τείχους Th.2.81
.2 c. gen. rei, make proof or trial of..,σθένεος Il. 15.359
;ἥβης 23.432
; χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ.. ἦ .. Od. 21.282; try one's chance at or in a work or contest,ἔργου 18.369
; ἀέθλου, ἀέθλων, Il.23.707, Od. 8.100, etc.; παλαιμοσύνης ib. 126; make proof of, try a weapon,τόξου 21.159
, 180; νευρῆς ib. 410 (but [ὀϊστοί,] τῶν τάχ' ἔμελλον πειρήσεσθαι arrows whose force they were soon to make trial of, i. e. feel, ib. 418); also, make proof of, have experience of, esp. in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., first in Hes., ;οὐ πεπειρημένοι πρότερον [οἱ] Αἰγύπτιοι Ἑλλήνων Hdt.4.159
, cf. Pl.Phd. 118; πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας, Th.2.44, 5.69, cf. Antipho 5.1;κακῶν D.18.253
; ὀρφανίας π., i.e. to be an orphan, Phalar. Ep.49; but π. τινὸς μετρίου find him moderate by experience or on trial, Plu. Aem.8, cf. Arat.43; also, πεπείρανται ὅτι .. Lys.27.2.3 abs., try one's fortune, try the chances of war,αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ' ἵκηται Il.5.129
; πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ making trial of one's powers, 16.590; Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ.. ἦ .. to try one's fortune against him, 21.225; περὶ δ' αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω (sc. τῆς ἵππου) let him try for her, as a prize, 23.553.III make a trial or put a matter to the test,ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα Pl.Phlb. 21a
: c. dat. modi,ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il.5.279
; ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι tried their luck in the foot-race, Od.8.120, cf. 205;σφαίρῃ 8.377
; also π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π., Il.5.220, 11.386 : but in [tense] pf., οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι I have not tried myself, have not found my skill, in words, Od.3.23 : abs.,ὁ πειραθεὶς πιστεύσει X.Eq.Mag.1.16
; πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα by experience, Id.Hier.2.6.IV c. acc. pers., make an attempt on (V.A.IV.2),Διὸς ἄκοιτιν Pi.P.2.34
. -
6 κεφαλή
κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. ‘head’.① the part of the body that contains the brain, headⓐ of humans, animals, and transcendent beings. Humans: Mt 5:36 (on swearing by the head s. Athen. 2, 72, 66c; Test12Patr; PGM 4, 1917; cp. Juvenal, Satires 6, 16f); 6:17; 14:8, 11; 26:7; 27:29f; Mk 6:24f, 27f; 14:3; 15:19; Lk 7:46; J 13:9; 19:2; 20:7; 1 Cor 11:4b (JMurphy-O’Connor, CBQ 42, ’80, 485 [lit.] ‘his head’=‘himself’), 5ab, 7, 10; 12:21; Rv 18:19 (cp. Josh 7:6; La 2:10); 1 Cl 37:5; 56:5 (Ps 140:5); B 13:5 (Gen 48:14); Hm 11:20; Papias (3:2 [not g and h]); GJs 2:4; 9:1; AcPl Ha 11, 1.—Animals: B 7:8 (of the scapegoat Lev 16; cp. vs. 21).—In apocal. presentations in connection w. human figures: Rv 1:14; 4:4; 9:7 12:1; 14:14; 19:12; w. animals: 9:7, 17, 19; 12:3 (s. δράκων); 13:1, 3; 17:3, 7, 9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 50 K.=26 p. 517 D.: ὤφθη τὸ ἕδος [of Asclepius] τρεῖς κεφαλὰς ἔχον. A person sees himself in a dream provided with a plurality of heads Artem. 1, 35 p. 37, 14: δύο ἔχειν κεφαλὰς ἢ τρεῖς. Also the many-headed dog Cerberus of the underworld in Hesiod, Theog. 311 al. as well as Heraclit. Sto. 33 p. 49, 14); Hv 4, 1, 6; 10; of angels Rv 10:1.—The hair(s) of the head (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 223) Mt 10:30; Lk 7:38, 44 v.l.; 12:7; 21:18; Ac 27:34. τὴν κ. κλίνειν lay down the head to sleep Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58. Sim. J 19:30 (s. Hdb. ad loc.). κινεῖν τὴν κ. (s. κινέω 2a) Mt 27:39; Mk 15:29; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:8); ἐπαίρειν τὴν κ. (s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 21:28; shear the head, i.e. cut the hair as a form of a vow Ac 21:24; cp. 18:18. Of baptism ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ D 7:3. Of the anointing of Jesus’ head IEph 17:1. κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have (someth.) on the head (s. κατά A 1a) 1 Cor 11:4a; also w. specification of object ἐπὶ w. gen. Rv 14:14; Hv 4, 1, 10; or εἰς 4, 3, 1. ἐπάνω τῆς κ. above his head Mt 27:37. Also πρὸς τῇ κ. J 20:12. (ἀστὴρ) ἔστη ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3 (cp. Mt 2:9).—Well-known expr. fr. the OT: ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύειν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τινος Ro 12:20 (s. ἄνθραξ). A curse-formula: τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν your blood be on your own heads (s. αἷμα 2a and cp. Demosth., Ep. 4, 10 τ. ἄδικον βλασφημίαν εἰς κεφαλὴν τῷ λέγοντι τρέπουσι; 6, 1; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1d; Aesop, Fab. 206 P.=372 H./313 Ch./222 H-H. ὸ̔ θέλεις σὺ τούτοις ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ κεφαλῇ γένοιτο; Phalaris, Ep. 102 εἰς κεφαλὴν σοί τε καὶ τῷ σῷ γένει)=you are responsible for your own destruction Ac 18:6; cp. GPt 5:17.ⓑ in imagery οὐκ ἔκλινας τὴν κ. σου ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν you have not bowed your head under the mighty hand (of God) GJs 15:4. Of pers. (Plut., Galba 1054 [4, 3] G. as κ. ἰσχυρῷ σώματι, namely of the Galatian territories) Christ the κ. of the ἐκκλησία thought of as a σῶμα Col 1:18; cp. 2:19 (Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 25 ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑπερέχει τοῦ παντὸς σώματος; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 215 ἡ κεφαλὴ συνέχει πᾶν τὸ σῶμα); Christ and Christians as head and members ITr 11:2. (SBedale, JTS 5, ’54, 211–15; New Docs 3, 45f [lit.]; not ‘source’: JFitzmyer, NTS 35, ’89, 503–11.) S. mng. 2a.② a being of high status, head, fig. (of Asclepius IG II2, 4514, 6; in gnostic speculation: Iren. 1, 5, 3 [Harv. I 45, 13]. ὁ μέγας ἄρχων, ἡ κ. τοῦ κόσμου Hippol., Ref. 7, 23, 3).ⓐ in the case of living beings, to denote superior rank (cp. Artem. 4, 24 p. 218, 8 ἡ κ. is the symbol of the father; Judg 11:11; 2 Km 22:44) head (Zosimus of Ashkelon [500 A.D.] hails Demosth. as his master: ὦ θεία κεφαλή [Biogr. p. 297]) of the father as head of the family Hs 7, 3; of the husband in relation to his wife 1 Cor 11:3b; Eph 5:23a. Of Christ in relation to the Christian community Eph 4:15; 5:23b. But Christ is the head not only of the body of Christians, but of the universe as a whole: κ. ὑπὲρ πάντα Eph 1:22, and of every cosmic power κ. πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας the head of all might and power Col 2:10. The divine influence on the world results in the series (for the growing distance from God with corresponding results cp. Ps.-Aristot. De Mundo 6, 4): God the κ. of Christ, Christ the κ. of man, the man the κ. of the woman 1 Cor 11:3cab (s. on γυνή 1). JFitzmyer, Int 47, ’93, 52–59.ⓑ of things the uppermost part, extremity, end, point (Pappus of Alex., mathematician [IV A.D.] in the 8th book [ed. CGerhardt 1871 p. 379 τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ κοχλίου=at the point of the screw; Judg 9:25; En 17:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 48, Ant. 3, 146; oft. pap of plots of ground) κ. γωνίας the cornerstone (so M‘Neile, Mt ad loc.; REB ( main) corner-stone, and w. proper omission of the alternative rendering at 1 Pt 2:7 in NEB mg.; the cornerstone thus forms the farthest extension [cp. PFlor 50, 83] of the corner, though JJeremias, Αγγελος I 1925, 65–70, ZNW 29, 1930, 264–80, TW IV 277–79 thinks of it as the capstone above the door; so also OMichel, TW IV 892, V 129 [difft. 151]; KSchelkle, RAC I 233f; RMcKelvey, NTS 8, ’62, 352–59 [lit. 353 n. 1–3]. S. HGressmann, PJ 6, 1910, 38–45; GWhitaker, Exp. 8th ser., 22, 1921, 470ff. For another view s. lit. s.v. ἀκρογωνιαῖος) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17 (on these three pass. s. JDerrett, TU 102, ’68, 180–86); Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (Selwyn ad loc.: “extremity and not height is the point connoted”); B 6:4 (all Ps 117:22).—κ.= capital (city) (Appian, Illyr. 19 §54) Ac 16:12 D (but ‘frontier city’ AClark, Acts of the Apostles ’33, 362–65 and JLarsen, CTM 17, ’46, 123–25).—B. 212. Schmidt, Syn. I 361–69. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 λογίζομαι
λογίζομαι (λόγος) impf. ἐλογιζόμην; fut. λογιοῦμαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐλογισάμην; pf. λελόγιμαι LXX. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐλογίσθην; 1 fut. λογισθήσομαι. Mid. dep. (B-D-F §311; Rob. 816; 819) (Soph., Hdt.+) prim. a mathematical and accounting term, then of cognitive processes. In our lit. esp. used by Paul.; s. GThomas, ET 17, 1906, 211ff.① to determine by mathematical process, reckon, calculate, freq. in a transf. senseⓐ count, take into account τὶ someth. ἡ ἀγάπη οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν love keeps no score of wrongs (REB) 1 Cor 13:5 (cp. Zech 8:17). λ. τί τινι count someth. against someone, to punish the person for it (Simplicius in Epict. p. 79, 15 τὴν ἁμαρτίαν οὐ τῷ πράττοντι λογίζονται; TestZeb 9:7; Just., D. 141, 2f) μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώματα 2 Cor 5:19.—οὗ (v.l. ᾧ) οὐ μὴ λογίσηται κύριος ἁμαρτίαν Ro 4:8; 1 Cl 50:6 (both Ps 31:2; cp. 1 Cl 60:2). Pass. (Lev 17:4) μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη (on the form s. Mlt-H. 217) 2 Ti 4:16.—But ‘place to one’s account’ can also mean credit τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ ὁ μισθὸς οὐ λογίζεται κατὰ χάριν a worker’s wages are not credited as a favor (but as a claim) Ro 4:4. ᾧ ὁ θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην vs. 6. Pass. εἰς τὸ λογισθῆναι αὐτοῖς τ. δικαιοσύνην vs. 11.—λ. τινί τι εἴς τι credit someth. to someone as someth. pass. ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (after Gen 15:6; cp. Ps 105:31; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3, 5, 9, 22 (WDiezinger, NovT 5, ’62, 288–98 [rabbinic use of λογ.]); Gal 3:6; Js 2:23; 1 Cl 10:6.—Cp. also Ro 4:10, 23f.—H-WHeidland, D. Anrechnung des Glaubens zur Gerechtigkeit ’36; FDanker, in Gingrich Festschr. ’72, 104.—λ. εἴς τινα put on someone’s account, charge to someone (cp. the commercial terminology OGI 595, 15 τὰ ἕτερα ἀναλώματα ἑαυτοῖς ἐλογισάμεθα, ἵνα μὴ τὴν πόλιν βαρῶμεν; PFay 21, 9) μή τις εἰς ἐμὲ λογίσηται so that no one may credit me 2 Cor 12:6.ⓑ as a result of a calculation evaluate, estimate, look upon as, consider (Hyperid. 2, 20; TestSol 4:11) εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι be looked upon as nothing (Is 40:17; Wsd 3:17; 9:6) Ac 19:27. τὰ τέκνα τ. ἐπαγγελίας λογίζεται εἰς σπέρμα the children of the promise are looked upon as seed Ro 9:8 (cp. La 4:2). οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται; will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 2:26. οὔτε τοὺς νομιζομένους ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων θεοὺς λογίζονται they do not recognize the deities honored by the Greeks Dg 1:1.—Count, class (PLond II, 328, 8 p. 75 [II A.D.] of a camel’s colt: λογιζομένου νυνὶ ἐν τελείοις=‘which is now classed among the full-grown’) μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη he was classed among the criminals (Is 53:12) Mk 15:27 [28] v.l.; Lk 22:37. Also (exactly like the LXX) ἐν τοῖς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη 1 Cl 16:13. μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐλογίσθησαν they were counted with the nations Hs 8, 9, 3.—οὐκ ἐλογίσθη he was held in disrespect 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:3).—λ. τινα ὡς w. acc. consider, look upon someone as: ἡμᾶς λογιζέσθω ἄνθρωπος ὡς ὑπηρέτας Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 4:1. λ. ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2b. Pass. ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγῆς Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23). πιστοὶ λογισθέντες regarded as believers Dg 11:2. ὁ σήμερον υἱὸς λογισθείς who today is celebrated as a Son 11:5 (Ps 2:7). λ. τινα foll. by acc. and inf. (Is 53:4) λογίζεσθε ἑαυτοὺς εἶναι νεκρούς consider yourselves dead Ro 6:11. ἡμεῖς ἐλογισάμεθα αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ we deemed him to be in pain (as punishment) 1 Cl 16:4.② to give careful thought to a matter, think (about), consider, ponder, let one’s mind dwell on τὶ someth. (PsSol 2, 28b; ApcEsdr 3:9; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 227 ταῦτα; Jos., Ant. 6, 211) Phil 4:8. Foll. by ὅτι (PsSol 2, 28a; Philo, Somn. 2, 169; Jos., Ant. 11, 142; Ath., R. 9 p. 57, 30) J 11:50; Hb 11:19. τοῦτο λ. ὅτι 2 Cor 10:11, 7 (here ἐφʼ [v.l. ἀφʼ] ἑαυτοῦ in his own mind is added); B 1:5. W. ἐν ἑαυτῷ and direct speech Hs 5, 2, 4 (cp. GrBar 4:12); w. ἐν ἑαυταῖς and direct question foll. Lk 24:1 D; also ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν πότερον … ἤ Hs 9, 28, 4.—Have in mind, propose, purpose Dg 7:3 (Mel., P. 63, 455); w. inf. foll. (X., An. 2, 2, 13; 1 Macc 6:19) 2 Cor 10:2a. Think out τὶ someth. (Ps 51:4) ὡς ἐξ ἑαυτῶν as (if) of ourselves 3:5. Reason or make plans (Wsd 2:1) ὡς νήπιος like a child 1 Cor 13:11.③ to hold a view about someth., think, believe, be of the opinion w. ὅτι foll. (Just., A I, 8, 1 al.) Ro 8:18. W. acc. and ὅτι foll.: λογίζῃ τοῦτο …, ὅτι; do you imagine that? 2:3. Foll. by acc. and inf. (Wsd 15:12; Just., A I, 53, 1; Tat., Ath.) λογιζόμεθα δικαιοῦσθαι ἄνθρωπον we hold a person to be justified 3:28. λ. τι κοινὸν εἶναι 14:14. ἐμαυτὸν οὐ (v.l. οὔπω) λ. κατειληφέναι I consider that I have not yet attained Phil 3:13. ὸ̔ν λογίζομαι καὶ τοὺς ἀθέους ἐντρέπεσθαι whom, I think, even the godless respect ITr 3:2. Foll. by the inf. alone 2 Cor 11:5; Dg 3:3 (Just., D. 102, 7 al.).—ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12; Mk 11:31 v.l.—DELG s.v. λέγω 2. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
8 νοέω
νοέω fut. νοήσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐνόησα; pf. νενόηκα; plpf. ἐνενοήκειν (Just.). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. νοηθήσεται Sir 14:21; aor. inf. νοηθῆναι (Just.) (Hom.+; pap, LXX, En, TestSol 11:1 P.; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 22 [Stone p. 68]; Test12Patr; ApcMos 18; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.).① to grasp or comprehend someth. on the basis of careful thought, perceive, apprehend, understand, gain an insight intoⓐ w. obj. in the acc. (X., An. 3, 4, 44; Jos., Vi. 298; SibOr 5, 65) τὴν σύνεσίν μου my insight Eph 3:4. δικαίως ν. τὰς ἐντολάς understand the commandments rightly 10:12b. τὰς παραβολάς understand the parables Hm 10, 1, 4; οὐ δύναμαι νοῆσαι I cannot understand (them) s 5, 3, 1 (cp. Pr 1:6); (w. συνιέναι, as 10:12a) πάντα τὰ λεγόμενα m 10, 1, 6a (Just., D. 73, 3 τὸ λεγόμενον); cp. 6b; τῆς βασάνου τὴν δύναμιν the power of the torment Hs 6, 4, 3a. τὴν πρᾶξιν ἣν ποιεῖ what he is doing 6, 5, 3. τὰ ἐπουράνια understand heavenly things ITr 5:2; τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ Hm 12, 4, 2; Hs 5, 3, 1 (w. γινώσκειν [as Plato, Rep. 6, 508d and e]); τοὺς χρόνους τ. ἀπάτης 6, 5, 1. Relative clause as obj. 1 Ti 1:7; Dg 8:11; IRo 6:3. ταῦτα 10:12a; Hs 5, 5, 4. αὐτά 6, 5, 2; 9, 2, 6b; οὐδὲν ν. comprehend nothing Hv 3, 6, 5; Hs 9, 14, 4. ὅλως οὐδὲν ν. understand nothing at all m 4, 2, 1. Also οὐδὲν ὅλως ν. 10, 1, 5 (μηδὲν τούτων Just., D. 125, 5). ὅσα οὐ δύνασαι νοῆσαι whatever you cannot comprehend Hs 9, 2, 6a. οὐδὲ δύναμαι νοῆσαι nor do I understand anything (about it) 9, 9, 2.—W. acc. of pers. (Mel., P. 82, 605 οὐκ ἐνόησας τὸν κύριον): of the angel of wickedness πῶς νοήσω αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι I do not understand how I am to recognize him Hm 6, 2, 5.—W. περί τινος instead of the obj. ἔτι οὐ νενόηκα ὅλως περὶ τοῦ χρόνου τῆς ἀπάτης I have not yet fully understood concerning the time of deceptive pleasure Hs 6, 5, 1 v.l.—Pass. τὰ ἀόρατα … νοούμενα καθορᾶται what is invisible … is clearly perceived (w. the eye of the understanding) Ro 1:20 (νοῆσαι τὸν θεόν: Herm. Wr. 11, 20b; 12, 20b and PGM 3, 597; Orphica Fgm. 6 Abel [Eus., PE 13, 12, 5; cp. Denis 165, ln. 5f; Holladay p. 128 ln. 16, s. app.] οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν εἰσοράᾳ ψυχῶν θνητῶν, νῷ δʼ εἰσοράαται (difft. Theosophien §56, vs. 10 [p. 180]. S. γνωστός 2). Of the λόγος: ὑπὸ ἀπίστων μὴ νοούμενος Dg 11:2 (cp. Ath. 18, 2 λόγῳ υἱῷ νοουμένῳ ἀμερίστῳ).ⓑ w. ὅτι foll. (BGU 114 I, 9; 2 Km 12:19; EpArist 224; Philo, Virt. 17, Mos. 1, 287; Just. D. 4, 7; 27, 2; B-D-F §397, 2) Mt 15:17; 16:11; Mk 7:18; Ac 16:10 D; 1 Cl 27:3; 7:1; Hm 10, 1, 2; Hs 1:3; (w. οἶδα) 2:8.ⓒ foll. by acc. and inf. (2 Macc 14:30; Just. D. 46, 5 ἃ πάντως ἅγια νοοῦμεν εἶναι; 49, 22; 60, 3; B-D-F §397, 2; Rob. 1036) Hb 11:3; foll. by acc. and ptc. ἐνόησα ὑμᾶς κατηρτισμένους I have observed that you are equipped ISm 1:1 (Kaibel 278, 3 τὸν φίλον ὄντα νόει; Just. D. 46, 5 θεὸν … ἐντειλάμενον ὑμῖν).ⓓ foll. by indirect question (IDefixWünsch 4, 56f ἵνα μὴ νοῶσιν τί ποιῶσιν; Wsd 4:17; SibOr 3, 796; Just. D. 12, 3) Hm 6, 1, 1; μὴ νοῶν ὅτι (τί v.l.) ἐστίν Hs 5, 4, 2; οὐ ν. w. indir. quest. preceding I do not understand m 10, 1, 3. Elliptically πῶς, οὐ νοῶ how (this can be) I do not understand Hs 5, 6, 1.ⓔ abs. (Sir 11:7; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 22 [Stone p. 68] καλῶς ἐνόησας; Just. D. 119, 1 χάριν τοῦ νοῆσαι) B 6:10; 17:2; Hs 6, 4, 3b; 9, 28, 6; νοῆσαί σε δεῖ πρῶτον you must understand it first v 3, 8, 11. Comprehend, perceive (EpArist 153) Mt 16:9; Mk 8:17. More fully ν. τῇ καρδίᾳ (Is 44:18) J 12:40.② to think over with care, consider, take note of ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω let the reader/lector note (these words); s. ἀναγινώσκω) Mt 24:15; Mk 13:14. νόει ὸ̔ λέγω consider what I say 2 Ti 2:7 (Pla., Ep. 8, 352c νοήσατε ἃ λέγω) ἔτι κἀκεῖνο νοεῖτε consider this, too 4:14. W. indir. quest. foll. 1 Cl 19:3; 8:2.③ to form an idea about something, think, imagine (En 100:8 ν. τὸ κακόν) ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ ὧν νοοῦμεν far beyond what we imagine Eph 3:20.④ to pay heed with intent to act appropriately, be minded σεμνὰ ν. be honorably minded 1 Cl 1:3.—DELG s.v. νόος. M-M. TW. Sv. -
9 κριθή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `barley-corns', usu. pl. `barley' (Il.); also metaph. = `pustule on the eyelid' (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of κριθή, πυρός, σῖτος Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.Other forms: Short form κρῖ n., s. below.Compounds: Compp., e.g. κριθό-πυρον n. `mix of barley and wheat' (pap.; cf. on διόσπυρον), εὔκριθος `rich in barley' (Theoc., AP). --Derivatives: Diminut.: κριθίον (Luc., Longos), κριθίδιον, also `decoction of barley' (Hp., Posidon.), κριθάριον (pap.). Further substantives: κριθαία `barley-soup' (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after ἁλμαία a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); κριθανίας m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside σιτανίας; after νεανίας? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: κρίθινος `of barley' (Ion., hell.), κριθάμινος `id.' (Polyaen.; after σησάμινος), κριθικός `consisting of barley' (pap.), κριθώδης `like barley, full of barley-corns' (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: κριθάω `feed oneself with barley' (A., S.), also κριθιάω (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732) with κριθίασις `surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley' (X.); κριθίζω `feed with barley' (Aesop., Babr.). - GN Κριθώτη (- ωτή) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname Κρίθων (H.) from κριθή = πόσθη (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The enlarged form κριθ-ή points to an original root noun *κρῑθ, from where ep. κρῖ n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect κρῖ with the western words for `barley', Lat. hordeum, OHG gersta, which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for hordeum and Gerste supposed basic forms, IE. *ghr̥zd(h)-, resp. * gherzd-, would have given Gr. *χραζ- or *χρασθ- \> *κρασθ-, resp. *χερδ- (*χερθ- \> *κερθ-). κρι agrees better with Alb. drith, -ë `barley, wheat', of which - ri- may come from IE. -r̥-. Also Arm. gari, gen. garwoy `wheat' (formally = IE. *ghr̥i̯o-) reminds of κρῖ; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. qeri `barley', cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether κρῖ goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse κρι in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE grotan, Engl. groats), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. hordeum; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form *krīt.Page in Frisk: 2,18-19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κριθή
-
10 ἀνήκω
A to have come up to a point, reach up to, of persons and things,ἐς μέτρον τινὸς ἀ. Hdt.2.127
; ;ἐς τὰ μέγιστα ἀ. ἀρετῆς πέρι 5.49
;χρήμασι ἀ. ἐς τὰ πρῶτα 7.134
; φρενῶν ἐς τὰ ἐμεωυτοῦ πρῶτα οὔκω ἀ. have not yet reached the highest point I aim at, ib.13; οὐκ ἐς τοσοῦτο εὐηθίης ἀ. ib.16.γ, cf. 9.γ; πρόσω ἀρετῆς ἀ. ib. 237; ἀ. εἰς τὸ ὀξύ to rise to a point, Ael.NA1.55; τοῦτο μὲν ἐς οὐδὲν ἀ. amounts to nothing, Hdt. 2.104; μεῖζον ἀ. ἢ κατ' ἐμὰν ῥώμαν the matter has gone too far.., S. Tr. 1018;αἱ πολλαὶ [ζημίαι].. ἐς τὸν θάνατον ἀ.
have gone as far as..,Th.
3.45.2 ἀ. ἐς σὲ ἔχειν it has come to you to have, has become yours to have, Hdt.6.109.3 ἀ. εἴς τι refer to or be connected with.., D.60.6, Arist.EN 1167b4 (v.l.); τὰ εἰς ἀργυρίου λόγον ἀ. ἀδικήματα which involve a money consideration, Din.1.60; so ;ἀ. πρός τι Plb.2.15.4
, Callix.2, etc.II belong, appertain, LXX 1 Ma.10.42, al.; (Pergam.); τὰ ἐκείνοις -οντα ib.532 (Paphlag.);τὰ ἀ. τῇπόλει Inscr.Magn.53.65
(iii B. C.);τὰ ἀ. τοῖς ἱεροῖς PTeb.6.42
(ii B. C.).2 abs., to be fit or proper, Ep.Eph.5.4, Ep.Col.3.18; τὸ ἀνῆκον, = τὸ προσῆκον, Ep.Philem.8. -
11 συνάγω
+ V 50-87-105-65-70=377 Gn 1,9(bis); 6,21; 29,3.7A: to bring together, to gather [τινα] Gn 29,22; to gather, to assemble (a council) [τινα] Ex 3,16; to gather (anim.) [τινα] Gn 29,3; id. [τι] Gn 1,9; to glean [τι] Ru 2,2; to collect (money) [τι] 2 Kgs 22,4; to gather, to pick up [τινα] Dt 30,3; to receive, to invite, to take care of [τινα] Mi 4,6; to lead sb (to marry her) [τινα] 2 Sm 11,27, see also Jgs 19,18; to lead into one’s house, to take care of (anim.) [τινα] Dt 22,2M/P: to assemble, to gather Gn 49,1; to be wrapped together (of tow) Sir 21,9συνάγονται εἰς πόλεμον they gather for war, they are drafted for war 1 Sm 13,5; συνήχθησαν ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ μάστιγες I was thoroughly lashed Ps 34(35),15; συνάγαγε τὰς χεῖράς σου withdraw your hands 1 Sm 14,19; ἐν νεότητι οὐ συναγείοχας, καὶ πῶς ἂν εὕροις ἐν τῷ γήρᾳ σου; if you have not gathered in your youth, how will you find anything in your old age? Sir 25,3; συναχθήσῃ εἰς τὸν τάφον σου you will be gathered to your grave, you will be burried2 Kgs 22,20*DnLXX 12,12 καὶ συνάξει and he shall collect corr.? συνάψει for MT ויגיע and he reaches to, and he lives until; *JgsA 7,22 συνηγμένη gathered-צבר? to heap up or-צרר? bound together, gathered for MT צררתה towards Zererah; *2 Sm 3,34 καὶ συνήχθη and they came together, and they assembled-אסף? for MT ויספו יסף? they added to, they (wept) even more, see also 2 Sm 6,1; *1 Kgs 7,10(23) συνηγμένοι collected ends, circumference?-קוהII (verb) for MT קוה (subst.) measuring line; *Is 29,7 καὶ... οἱ συνηγμένοι and those who were gathered-ומעדתה? יעד for MT ומצדתה and her stronghold; *Ez 13,5 καὶ συνήγαγον ποίμνια and they gathered flocks-עדר ותעדרו ? for MT גדר ותגדרו and they built a wall; *Zech 2,10 συνάξω I will gather, I will invite-תישׁכנ? for MT תישׁפר I have spread (you); *Ps 15(16),4 (οὐ μὴ) συναγάγω I will (not) bring together, assemble-אסף for MT אסיך נסך I will pour outCf. LE BOULLUEC 1989 133(Ex 9,19-21); ROST 1967 108-111.118-121; →MM; NIDNTT; TWNT -
12 ἀποδείκνυμι
ἀποδείκ-νῡμι (and [suff] ἀποδεικ-ύω X.Smp.8.20, Plb.7.14.3), [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἀποδεικ-δέκνῦμι GDI5653b14 (Chios, v B. C.), [tense] fut. -δείξω, [dialect] Ion. - δέξω:—A point away from other objects at one, and so:I point out, display, make known, whether by deed or word,σφι γνώμας Hdt.1.171
,al.;τάφους καὶ συγγένειαν Th.1.26
;ἦθος τὸ πρόσθε τοκήων A.Ag. 727
;ἀρετήν Hyp.Epit.29
;τὰ τῆς τεχνης ἐξευρήματα Hp.Praec.9
; proclaim, τὴν ἡμέρην GDI l. c.;—[voice] Pass.,τῶν οῠρων ἀποδεχθέντων SIG134b22
(Milet., iv B. C.).2 bring forward, produce,μαρτύρια τούτων Hdt.5.45
;πολλοὺς παῖδας Id.1.136
, cf. S.OT 1405, Isoc.19.6, X.Cyr. 1.2.5;ἐπόχους 8.1.35
;ἀ. τρόπαια And.1.147
;χρήματα πλεῖστ' ἀ. ἐν τῷ κοινῷ Ar.Eq. 774
;μορφὴν ἑτέραν E.Fr.839.14
(v.l. ἐπέδειξεν): c. part., ὑγιέα τινὰ ἐόντα ἀ. produce him safe and sound, Hdt.3.130, cf. 134.5 appoint, assign,τέμενος ἀ. τινί Hdt.5.67
, 89;βωμόν τινι Id.7.178
;ἓν βουλευτήριον Th.2.15
; γῆς ὅρους ib.72; τὴν τρίτην ἀ. ἐκκλησίαν to fix, prescribe it, D.24.25:—[voice] Pass.,τοῖσί ἐστι χῶρος ἀποδεδεγμένος Hdt.1.153
; .b c. inf., κώμας ὅθεν ἀπέδειξαν οἱ ἡγεμόνες λαμβάνειν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια whence they appointed that they should receive.., X.An.2.3.14:—[voice] Pass., τοῖσι ἀποδεδέχθαι.. ἕλκειν (impers.) it had been appointed them to draw, Hdt.2.124.6 show by argument, prove, demonstrate, Ar.Nu. 1334, Arist.AP0.75b37, etc.;ἀ. σαφεῖς τὰς ἀποδείξεις And.2.3
;ἀ. ὡς.. Ar.V. 548
, Pl.R. 472d; ὅτι .. Id.Prt. 323c, etc.; πότερον.. ἢ .. Id.Alc.1.114b: c. dupl. acc., prove one so and so, , etc.;τοιούτους τινάς Hp.Decent.4
: folld. by part.,ἀ. λόγῳ.. οὐδὲν μετεόν Hdt.5.94
; ἀ. τινὰ λέγοντα οὐδέν make it evident that.., 7.17, cf. 2.133.II show forth a person or thing as so and so, hence:1 appoint, proclaim, create,ἀ. τινὰ στρατηγόν X.An.1.1.2
, al.: c. inf.,στρατηγὸν εῖναι Hdt.5.25
; ἀ. τούτους τὴν πόλιν νέμειν ib.29;ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἐστὶ θεός 2 Ep.Thess.2.4
:—[voice] Pass., to be so created, Hdt.1.124, 162; ;ἀπεδέχθη εῖναι ἵππαρχος 7.154
;αὐτοκράτωρ ἀποδέδεικται POxy.1021.7
(i A. D.); ὕπατος ἀποδεδειγμένος, = Lat. consul designatus, OGI379.5 ([place name] Tiflis), etc.2 make, render, mostly with an Adj., ἀ. τινὰς μοχθηροτάτους make them finished rascals, Ar.Ra. 1011;ἀ. κρατίστους τοὺς λόχους X.Cyr.2.1.23
;γοργότερον ἀ. τὸν ἵππον Id.Eq.1.10
;ζῷον ἀγριώτερον Pl.Grg. 516b
: with a Subst.,γέλωτα ἀ. τινά Id.Tht. 166a
, cf. Phd. 72c: c. part., ;ἀ. τινὰς ἀλλοτρίους ὄντας Pl.Smp. 179c
:—[voice] Pass., πολέμιοι ἀποδεδειγμένοι declared enemies, X.An.7.1.26, cf. D.23.200.3 represent as,ἀ. παῖδα πατρὸς ἑωυτῶν ἕκαστον ἐόντα Hdt.2.143
, cf. Lys.32.17:— [voice] Pass., is represented, considered as..,Hdt.
1.136; οὐδὲ.. οὗτοι ἐν τοῖσι ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι ἀποδεδέχαται have not been considered, admitted among.., 2.43:—these two last examples may be pass. usages of ἀποδέχομαι.4 c. inf., ordain a thing or person to be, X.Oec.7.30,Lac.10.7.B [voice] Med., show forth, exhibit something of one's own, ἀποδέξασθαι τὴν γνώμην deliver one's opinion, Hdt.1.170, 207, cf. Th.1.87; alsoἀ. μεγάλα ἔργα Hdt.1.59
, al.; ἀξιαπηγητότατα ib.16; οὐδὲν λαμπρὸν ἔργον ib. 174; ἀ. ἀρετάς display high qualities, Pi.N.6.49 (cf. supr. A. 1.2);πνεύματα εἰς ἄλληλα στάσιν.. ἀποδεικνύμενα A.Pr. 1088
; of buildings and the like ,μνημόσυνα ἀ. Hdt.2.101
;χώματα ἀξιοθέητα 1.184
; οὐδεμίαν στρατηΐην ἀ. not to have any military service to show, 2.111:—[voice] Pass., ἔργα μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ.. ἀποδεχθέντα Id. Prooem., cf. 9.27.2 [voice] Med. in act. sense, ἀποδεδειγμένοι ἦσαν ὅτι had declared that.., X.An.5.2.9.C [voice] Pass., v. supr. 1.5, 11.1,2,3: [tense] aor. ἀπεδείχθην is always [voice] Pass., as Hdt.7.154; and so mostly [tense] pf. ἀποδέδειγμαι, 1.136, Antipho 2.4.10, X.An.7.1.26; but the part. of the latter is sts. [voice] Act., v. supr. B.2.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποδείκνυμι
-
13 σκανδαλίζω
σκανδαλίζω (σκάνδαλον) 1 aor. ἐσκανδάλισα. Pass.: 1 fut. σκανδαλισθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐσκανδαλίσθην; pf. ptc. ἐσκανδαλισμένος; (LXX, Aq., Sym., Theod.; PsSol 16:7; TestSol; AscIs 3:14 [but not in Test12Patr, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., apolog.]; Cat. Cod. Astr. X 67, 23; Christian authors).① to cause to be brought to a downfall, cause to sin (the sin may consist in a breach of the moral law, in unbelief, or in the acceptance of false teachings)ⓐ τινά someone (Mal 2:8 Sym., Theod.; PsSol 16:7 γυναικὸς σκανδαλιζούσης ἄφρονα; Palladius 5 p. 21 σκανδαλίσαι ψυχήν) Mt 5:29f; 18:6, 8f; Mk 9:42f, 45, 47; Lk 17:2; 1 Cor 8:13ab; 1 Cl 46:8.—Pass. be led into sin (Sir 23:8; 32:15; AcJ 82 [Aa II/1, 192, 1]) so perh. 2 Cor 11:29 (s. 2 below).—The abs. pass. can also mean let oneself be led into sin (for the ‘permissive pass.’ s. Gildersleeve, Syntax I §167), fall away (Passio Perpet. 20, 10 vGebh.; MartPt 3 [Aa I p. 82, 22]) Mt 13:21; 24:10; Mk 4:17; 14:27, 29; J 16:1; D 16:5.—ἐσκανδαλισμένοι Hv 4, 1, 3; m 8:10 are people who have been led astray, but who have not altogether fallen away fr. the faith.ⓑ σκανδαλίζεσθαι ἔν τινι (Sir 9:5; 23:8; 32:15) be led into sin, be repelled by someone of Jesus; by refusing to believe in him or by becoming apostate fr. him a person falls into sin Mt 11:6; 13:57; 26:31, 33 (cp. AscIs 3, 14 δώδεκα οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ σκανδαλισθήσονται); Mk 6:3; Lk 7:23. ἐν ᾧ ὁ ἀδελφὸς σκανδαλίζεται Ro 14:21 v.l.② to shock through word or action, give offense to, anger, shock (AcJ 56 [Aa II/1 p. 178, 35]; Athanasius, Vita Anton. 81; Palladius 37 p. 115 σκανδαλίζω πολλούς; 46 p. 136) τινά someone Mt 17:27 (JDerrett, NovT 6, ’63, 1–15); J 6:61. Pass. Mt 15:12.—τίς σκανδαλίζεται; perh. who has any reason to take offense? 2 Cor 11:29 (s. 1a above).—S. σκάνδαλον, end.—DELG s.v. σκάνδαλον. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
14 ἄπυρος
ἄπῠρος, ον,A without fire, in Hom. only of pots and tripods, that have not yet been on the fire, brand-new,ἕπτ' ἀπύρους τρίποδας Il.9.122
, cf. 23.267.c not wasted by fire, Max.Tyr. 41.4.2 ἄ. οἶκος fireless, i.e. cold, cheerless, Hes.Op. 525.4 ἄ. χρυσίον unsmelted, opp. ἄπεφθον, Hdt. 3.97, IG2.652B 28(but ἄ. χρυσός, of nuggets, or gold-dust, Arist.Mir. 833b8, D.S.2.50, al.);ἄ. κύανος Thphr.Lap.55
;ἄ. τέχναι Aristid.Or. 37(2).13
; θεῖον ἄ. native sulphur, Gal.12.903.5 ἱερὰ ἄ. sacrifices in which no fire was used, i. e. offerings of fruit, grain, and wine, Pi.O. 7.48, cf. A.Ag.70(lyr.), S.Fr. 417;θυσίαν ἄπυρον παγκαρπείας E.Fr. 912.4
;ἄ. βωμοί Ph.1.345
;ἱερουργία Plu.2.578b
.6 in A.Pr. 880 (lyr.) ἄ. ἄρδις an arrow-point but one not forged in fire, i. e. the sting of the gad-fly; ἄ. δάς, of love, Luc.DDeor.19.1.II Medic., without fever, Hp.Epid.1.1, cf. Aret.SD1.9. Adv.ἀπύρως Hp.Prorrh. 1.119
. -
15 αἴξ
αἴξ, αἰγόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `goat' rarely m. `he-goat' (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).Compounds: αἰπόλος `goatherd' \< *αἰγ-πολος s. s.v. πέλω (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). αἰγί-βοτος `browsed by goats' (Od.) Unclear αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. ἀί- = ἀεί).Derivatives: αἰγίς `goatskin', q.v.;Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] *h₂eiǵ-Etymology: The compounds in - ι- are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type αἰπόλος. αἴξ is cognate with Arm. ayc `goat' (i-stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, *h₂eiǵ-ih₂. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. ī̆zaēna- `of leather', but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937: 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss αἶγες τὰ κύματα, Δωριεῖς H. may be a metaphor, s. αἰγιαλός. In Greek geogr. names ( Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖος, Αἴγινα etc.) we may have not the word for `goat', Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with * h₂eig- as `to jump' is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as éjati had a labio-velar (also it does not mean `jump'). Not to Skt. ajá- `goat'.Page in Frisk: 1,41-42Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴξ
-
16 αἰγός
αἴξ, αἰγόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `goat' rarely m. `he-goat' (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).Compounds: αἰπόλος `goatherd' \< *αἰγ-πολος s. s.v. πέλω (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). αἰγί-βοτος `browsed by goats' (Od.) Unclear αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. ἀί- = ἀεί).Derivatives: αἰγίς `goatskin', q.v.;Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] *h₂eiǵ-Etymology: The compounds in - ι- are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type αἰπόλος. αἴξ is cognate with Arm. ayc `goat' (i-stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, *h₂eiǵ-ih₂. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. ī̆zaēna- `of leather', but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937: 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss αἶγες τὰ κύματα, Δωριεῖς H. may be a metaphor, s. αἰγιαλός. In Greek geogr. names ( Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖος, Αἴγινα etc.) we may have not the word for `goat', Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with * h₂eig- as `to jump' is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as éjati had a labio-velar (also it does not mean `jump'). Not to Skt. ajá- `goat'.Page in Frisk: 1,41-42Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰγός
-
17 φόβος
φόβος, ου, ὁ (s. three prec. entries; Hom.+. In Hom. ‘panic flight’; then in various senses).① intimidating entity, the act. causative senseⓐ intimidation (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 27 §104 ἐς φ. τῆς βουλῆς=to intimidate the Senate) so prob. τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be intimidated by their intimidation (cp. REB et al.) 1 Pt 3:14 (Is 8:12; s. φοβέω 1bγ and cp. 2aα below).ⓑ concretely, someth. terrible/awe-inspiring, a terror (Soph., Philoct. 1251; Polyb. 11, 30, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 135 §565; SIG 442, 10 [III B.C.] οὐδένα οὔτε φόβον οὔτε κίνδυνον ὑποστελλόμενοι; Just., A II, 5, 4 διὰ φόβων καὶ τιμωριῶν ὧν ἐπέφερον) οἱ ἄρχοντες οὐκ εἰσὶν φόβος Ro 13:3. So perh. also εἰδότες οὖν τὸν φόβον τοῦ κυρίου since we know what it is that causes fear of the Lord 2 Cor 5:11 (i.e. the judgment to come, vs. 10; so Goodsp., REB et al.; ambiguously NRSV; s. also Field, Notes 183f); s. 2bα below.② the product of an intimidating/alarming force, the pass. senseⓐ fear, alarm, frightα. gener. 2 Cor 7:11; 1 Pt 1:17 (mng. fear of the coming judge, unless ἐν φ. here means reverently, as ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 143); Jd 23 (mng. the fear of defiling oneself); Dg 7:3. W. τρόμος (q.v.) 1 Cor 2:3; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Cl 12:5. Pl. fears, apprehensions, feelings of anxiety (as early as Thu. et al.; Diod S 16, 3, 1; 16, 42, 9 Ptolemy, Apotel. 2, 9, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 16 §67; 3, 89 §368; SIG 326, 21 [307/306 B.C.]; Job 20:25; Wsd 18:17; Jos., Ant. 10, 24; 15, 44) ἔξωθεν μάχαι ἔσωθεν φόβοι 2 Cor 7:5. παράγειν φόβους ἀνθρωπίνους bring in fears of humans 2 Cl 10:3.—W. obj. gen. of pers. (Diod S 10, 19, 6 ὁ τῶν Περσῶν φόβος), or of thing (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 259; Ath. 1, 1 φόβῳ δίκης; Did., Gen. 171, 14) causing fear ὁ φόβος τῶν Ἰουδαίων the fear of the Judeans J 7:13; 19:38; 20:19. φόβος θανάτου fear of death (Epict. 2, 1, 14; 2, 18, 30 et al.; TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 24 [Stone p. 84]; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 111; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 17; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 61, 37) Hb 2:15. τοῦ βασανισμοῦ Rv 18:10, 15. νόμου Dg 11:6.—ἀπὸ (τοῦ) φόβου (τινός) because of, out of fear (of someone) Mt 14:26; 28:4; Lk 21:26; Hm 11:14. Also διὰ τ. φόβον Ac 26:14 v.l. (Hyperid. 5, 5 διὰ τὸν φ.; Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 6 διὰ τὸν φ.; Artem. 1, 1 p. 3, 23 διὰ φόβον; TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 24 [Stone p. 84]; Philo, Mos. 1, 164 διὰ φόβον τινός; Jos., Vi. 354 διὰ τὸν φόβον; Just., A II, 9, 1 διὰ φόβον). μετὰ φόβου with or in fear (Aeneas Tact. 1257; TestAbr A 16 p. 96, 22 [Stone p. 40]; GrBar 13:1) of the feeling that accompanies an action Mt 28:8; Dg 12:6; AcPl Ha 11, 12.—As subject (En 100:8): φόβος πίπτει ἐπί τινα fear comes upon someone Ac 19:17 v.l.; Rv 11:11 v.l. ἐπιπίπτει ἐπί τινα Lk 1:12; Ac 19:17; Rv 11:11. ἐστὶν ἐπί τινα Ac 2:43b v.l. γίνεται ἐπί τινα Lk 1:65; Ac 5:5, 11 or γίνεταί τινι Ac 2:43a. λαμβάνει τινά (Jos., Vi. 148) Lk 7:16; Hv 5:4. πλησθῆναι φόβου Lk 5:26. φόβῳ συνέχεσθαι 8:37; AcPl Ha 3, 33; 11, 16. φόβον ἔχειν 1 Ti 5:20; Hm 7:2c; 12, 4, 7a; Hs 1:10. φοβεῖσθαι φόβον (μέγαν) Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9; cp. τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not fear what they fear (NRSV; sim. et al.) 1 Pt 3:14 (but s. 1 above); Hm 7:1 (φοβέω 1a).β. specif. of slavish fear (Diog. Cyn. in Diog. L. 6, 75 δούλου τὸ φοβεῖσθαι), which is not to characterize a Christian’s relation to God οὐκ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας εἰς φόβον you have not received a spirit of slavery, to cause you to fear Ro 8:15. Cp. 1J 4:18abc (opp. ἀγάπη; cp. κόλασις 2, end).ⓑ reverence, respectα. toward God (Polyaenus 1, 16, 1; LXX; PsSol 6:5 al.; EpArist 159 ὁ περὶ θεοῦ φόβος; 189; cp. φόβος τὰ θεῖα τοῖσι σώφροσιν βροτῶν TGF, Adesp. no. 356 p. 906) and Christ, w. τρόμος Phil 2:12 (s. τρόμος). W. ἀλήθεια 1 Cl 19:1; Pol 2:1. W. ἀγάπη 1 Cl 51:2. W. εὐλάβεια Pol 6:3. W. πίστις, εἰρήνη and other good things and virtues 1 Cl 64. W. ὑπομονή B 2:2. W. ἐλπὶς: εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν 11:11. W. πίστις and ἐγκράτεια Hm 6, 1, 1. W. objective gen. φόβος (τοῦ) θεοῦ (PLond 1914, 12 φόβον θεοῦ ἔχοντες ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 199; TestLevi 13:7; TestNapht 2:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [p. 72, 26]) Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2); 2 Cor 7:1 (ἀγάπη P46); 1 Cl 3:4; 21:6; cp. 8; B 4:11; 19:5; 20:2; Pol 4:2; Hm 10, 1, 6a; 12, 2, 4bc; D 4:9. φόβος (τοῦ) κυρίου (TestReub 4:1; TestSim 3:4) Ac 9:31; 1 Cl 22:1 (Ps 33:12); 57:5 (Pr 1:29); B 11:5 (Is 33:18 v.l.); Hm 7:4b; 8:9; 10, 1, 6b; 12, 2, 4a; 12, 3, 1. Some place here 2 Cor 5:11 (s. 1b above). φόβος Χριστοῦ Eph 5:21.—For 1 Pt 1:17 s. 2aα beg.β. toward humans, respect that is due officials (cp. Byzantinische Papyri [Munich], ed. AHeisenberg/LWenger, 1914, no. 2, ln. 13 p. 43: ἔχοντες τὸν φόβον … τῆς ὑμετέρας ἐνδόξου ὑπεροχῆς=having respect for your esteemed authority) Ro 13:7ab (CCranfield, NTS 6, ’60, 241–49: the ref. may be to God); fr. slave to master 1 Pt 2:18; Eph 6:5 (w. τρόμος); B 19:7=D 4:11 (w. αἰσχύνη); wife to husband 1 Pt 3:2 (cp. SEG XXXV, 1427, 5 [III A.D.]). Gener. 3:16 (w. πραΰτης).—WLütgert, Die Furcht Gottes: MKähler Festschr. 1905, SBerkelbach v.der Sprenkel, Vrees en Religie 1920, 165ff; RSander, Furcht u. Liebe im palästin. Judentum ’35.—B. 1153. DELG s.v. φέβομαι I. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
18 δέχομαι
+ V 13-5-13-18-13=62Gn 4,11; 33,10; 50,17; Ex 32,4; Lv 7,18to receive [τι] Gn 4,11; to accept [τι] Lv 19,7; to take [τι] Ezr 8,30; to accept and forgive [τι] (an injustice) Gn 50,17; to receive [τινα] Dt 32,11; to welcome with, to receive with [τινά τινι] Jdt 3,7οὐ δέξεταί μου τὸ οὖσ; shall my ear not receive?, shall my ear not hear? Jb 4,12; οὐκ ἐδέξασθε παιδείαν you have not received ( accepted) correction Jer 2,30; δεξάσθω τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν λόγους let your ears receive teaching Jer 9,19*Prv 9,9 τοῦ δέχεσθαι (verb) to receive-⋄לקח for MT ַקח ֶל(subst.) teaching; *Prv 30,1 δεξάμενοςαὐτούς accepting them-ם/קח ⋄לקח for MT (אשׂ)ם/ה קה(י) (Ja)keh of Ma(ssa)?Cf. HARL 1986a, 317(Gn 50,17); HELBING 1928, 53; →NIDNTT; TWNT(→ἀναδέχομαι, ἀποδέχομαι, διαδέχομαι, εἰσδέχομαι, ἐκδέχομαι, ἐνδέχομαι, ἐπιδέχομαι, καταδέχομαι, παραδέχομαι, προσδέχομαι, ὑποδέχομαι,,) -
19 ὅστις
ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι (Hom.+.—On the orthography of ὅ τι s. W-S. §5, 6; Mlt-H. 179); in our lit. as well as in the pap occurring usu. in the nom.① any person, whoever, every one who, in a generalizing sense:ⓐ w. pres. ind. foll. Mt 5:39; 13:12ab; Mk 4:20; 8:34 v.l.; Lk 14:27; Gal 5:4. Pleonastically πᾶς ὅστις Mt 7:24.ⓑ w. the aor. ind. Ro 11:4; Rv 1:7; 20:4. πᾶς ὅστις Mt 19:29.ⓒ w. fut. ind. Mt 5:41; 18:4; 23:12ab; πᾶς ὅστις 10:32.ⓓ w. aor. subj. (ApcSed 16:5) Mt 10:33 v.l.; Js 2:10. But s. on this B-D-F §380, 4; Rob. 959; Kühner-G. II 426, 1.ⓔ w. ἄν (ἐάν), whereby the indefiniteness of the expr. is heightened:α. w. the pres. subj. J 2:5; 1 Cor 16:2; Gal 5:10; Col 3:17 (πᾶν ὅ τι ἐάν).β. w. the aor. subj. Mt 10:33 (s. d above); 12:50; Mk 6:23; Lk 10:35; J 14:13; 15:16; Ac 3:23.② undetermined person belonging to a class or having a status, who, one whoⓐ to indicate that persons (or things) belong to a certain class (such a one) who ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ a leader who will shepherd Mt 2:6. εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες 19:12abc; γεωργοὶ οἵτινες 21:41. παρθένοι, αἵτινες 25:1. τινὲς τῶν ὧδε ἑστώτων, οἵτινες 16:28; Mk 9:1. προφήτας, οἵτινες τὴν ἀπλανῆ θεοσέβειαν ἐκήρυσσον prophets who proclaimed the correct devotion to God AcPlCor 2:10.ⓑ to emphasize a characteristic quality, by which a preceding statement is to be confirmed who (to be sure, by his very nature), in so far as προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν οἵτινες ἔρχονται ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων beware of the false prophets, who come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. βαπτισθῆναι τούτους οἵτινες τὸ πνεῦμα ἔλαβον who (indeed) Ac 10:47. οἵτινες ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον in so far as they received the word 17:11. οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν since indeed they had exchanged Ro 1:25; cp. vs. 32; 2:15; 6:2. ἀσπάσασθε Mαρίαν ἥτις remember me to Mary, who certainly 16:6; cp. vss. 4, 7, 12. ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον bogus members, the kind who sneaked in Gal 2:4. Cp. Phil 2:20; Eph 4:19; 1 Ti 1:4; Tit 1:11 al. in Paul (B-D-F §293, 4; Rob. 728); Hb 8:5; 10:11; 13:7; AcPlCor 2:19, 25 (condemnation of gnostics, with samples of their positions); 2:21 (an urgent warning to avoid them). Sim. Ἀβραάμ, ὅστις ἀπέθανεν who died, as you know J 8:53. φονεῖς ἐγένεσθε, οἵτινες ἐλάβετε … who, to be sure, received … Ac 7:53. σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι, αἵτινες στρατεύονται κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς 1 Pt 2:11. οἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν who, to be sure, have not learned Rv 2:24.—Yet many of the passages already mentioned may be classed under the following head (3), and some that are classed there may fit better in this one (2).③ Quite oft. ὅστις takes the place of the simple rel. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ; this occurs occasionally in ancient Gk. usage (s. Hdt. 4, 8, 1 al.; Thu. 6, 3, 1; Demosth. 38, 6; 17; Kühner-G. II 399f; Schwyzer II 643 lit.), but more freq. in later Gk. (W-S. §24, 14d; B-D-F §293; Mlt. 91f; Rdm.2 75; 77; 226; Psaltes, Grammatik [Byz.] 198; POxy 110, 3; PFay 108, 7 [both II A.D.]; Mayser II/3, 57. On the LXX s. Thackeray 192; TestJob 47:1; ParJer 7:8; Just., D. 88, 1; Tat. 41, 1), esp. in Luke’s writings: to explain a word or a thing εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ Lk 2:4 (Hdt. 2, 99 πόλιν ἥτις νῦν Μέμφις καλέεται). τὴν χώραν τ. Γερας. ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀντιπέρα τ. Γαλιλαίας 8:26. ἄνδρες δύο … οἵτινες ἦσαν Μωϋσῆς κ. Ἠλίας 9:30. Cp. 12:1; Ac 16:12; Hb 9:2, 9; Rv 11:8. τῇ δὲ ἐπαύριον ἥτις ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν Mt 27:62 (POxy 110, 3 αὔριον ἥτις ἐστὶν ιε´). τὸν Βαραββᾶν ὅστις ἦν … βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ Lk 23:19. μετὰ τῶν στασιαστῶν δεδεμένος οἵτινες … φόνον πεποιήκεισαν Mk 15:7. οἰκοδεσπότης ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα Mt 21:33. οἰκοδεσπότης ὅστις ἐξῆλθεν 20:1. Cp. 27:55; Lk 7:39; 8:43; Ac 8:15; 11:20, 28; 12:10; 13:43; 17:10; 21:4; 23:14, 21, 33; 24:1; 28:18; 2 Ti 2:18. βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει Rv 1:12. τὴν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔτεκεν 12:13.④ The use of ὅ τι as an interrogative term in the NT is complicated by textual variants (s. PKatz, TLZ 82, ’57, 114; 83, ’58, 318; B-D-F §300).ⓐ In an indir. quest. (Just., D. 5, 1; 23, 2 λαληθήσεταί σοι ὅ τί σε δεῖ ποιεῖν Ac 9:6 is well attested, but was rejected by Blass (s. B-D-F §300, 1), though not by Rob. 730f.ⓑ As dir. quest. (also written ὅτι in scriptio continua: s. the vv.ll., orig. prob. glosses marking the question, Ath. 34, 1 ὅτι ἂν εἴποιμι τὰ ἀπόρρητα; For LXX s. B-D-F §300, 2) ὅτι οὗτος οὕτως λαλεῖ; why does this man/fellow speak this way? Mk 2:7 v.l. ὅτι μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν … ἐσθίει; why does (Jesus) eat with tax-collectors? Mk 2:16b (vv.ll. τί ὅτι, διὰ τί or διατί); 9:11a, 28; ὅτι δὲ τὸ ἔριον ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον; why the wool on the wood? 8:5; ὅτι οὖν … πάντες οὐ μετενόσαν; why, then, … did they not all repent? Hs 8, 6, 2 (on debate relating to these pass. s. B-D-F §300, 2; s. also Field, Notes 33; Mlt-Turner 49; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 119–212.—ὅτι=‘why’ in indir. questions Thu. 1, 90, 5; Jos., Ant. 6, 236; 12, 213; Gen 18:13 A; Black, 119, cites Turner, JTS 27, 1925, 58ff in support of this usage in Mk 8:16f; 14:60 v.l.; cp. B-D-F §300, 2).⑤ On τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν J 8:25 s. ἀρχή 1a, end.—B-D-F §300, 2; Rob. 730.⑥ The prepositional phrases ἀφʼ ὅτου (Diod S 2, 31, 9) Lk 13:25 D, ἕως ὅτου (s. ἕως 1bβב; PGen 56, 19), and μέχρις ὅτου (ἐξ ὅτου ‘ever since’ Just., D. 52, 3; s. μέχρι 2b) are fixed expressions.—HCadbury, The Relative Pronouns in Acts and Elsewhere: JBL 42, 1923, 150ff; Rydbeck, 98–118.—M-M. -
20 ἀπέχω
+ D5-2-12-12-11=42 Gn 43,23; 44,4; Nm 32,19; Dt 12,21; 18,22A: to be far off [abs.] Gn 44,4; to be far from [τινος] Dt 12,21; id. [ἀπό τινος] Ps 102(103),12; id. [ἔκ τινος] Jl 1,13; to receive in full [τι] Gn 43,23M: to hold oneself off, to keep away from [τινος] Dt 18,22; to hold oneself off [ἀπό τινος] Jb 1,8; to abstain from [+inf.] Prv 3,27P: to be kept off [ἀπό τινος] 1 Sm 21,6*Jl 2,8 ἀφέξεται he shall stand far from-ירחקון ⋄רחק for MT ידחקון they push; *Mal 3,6 οὐκ ἀπέχεσθε you have not abstained (from)-⋄כלא for MT כליתם לא ⋄כלה you are not consumedCf. HELBING 1928, 179; LEE, J. 1983 61.62; SPICQ 1982, 46-53; →TWNT
См. также в других словарях:
have-not — poor person, 1742, from HAVE (Cf. have) + NOT (Cf. not). Have in the sense of one who has, one of the wealthier class of persons is from the same source. Earliest in translation of Don Quixote: A fig for Basilius s abilities! for, you are worth… … Etymology dictionary
have not the slightest idea — v. have not got a clue, do not know at all … English contemporary dictionary
have-not — /hav not , not /, n. Usually, have nots. an individual or group that is without wealth, social position, or other material benefits (contrasted with have). [1830 40] * * * … Universalium
have-not — noun singular variant of have nots … Wiktionary
have not — noun singular variant of have nots … Wiktionary
Have not had this much fun since Granny got her tits caught in the wringer — have a lot of fun … Dictionary of Australian slang
have not had this much fun since granny got her tits caught in the wringer — Australian Slang have a lot of fun … English dialects glossary
have-not — noun Date: 1836 one that is poor especially in material wealth … New Collegiate Dictionary
have-not — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n., informal, pauper, poor person (see poverty). II (Roget s Thesaurus II) noun An impoverished person: beggar, down andout, down and outer, indigent, pauper. See RICH … English dictionary for students
To Have and Have Not (film) — Le Port de l angoisse Le Port de l angoisse Lauren Bacall et Humphrey Bogart, le couple mythique Titre original … Wikipédia en Français
To Have and Have Not (film) — Infobox Film name = To Have and Have Not image size = caption = To Have and Have Not movie poster director = Howard Hawks producer = Howard Hawks Jack L. Warner writer = Novel: Ernest Hemingway Screenplay: Jules Furthman William Faulkner Cleve F … Wikipedia
