falx+cs

falcĭfer, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [falx + fero], sickle-bearing, holding a scythe or sickle.

In gen.:

covinus,

Sil. 17, 418:

manus,

Ov. M. 13, 930.—

In partic., an epithet of Saturn:

senex,

Ov. Ib. 218:

Tonans,

Mart. 5, 16, 5.

falcŭla, ae, f. dim. [falx], a small sickle, bill-hook, pruning-hook.

Lit., Cato, R. R. 11, 4; Col. 12, 18, 2.—

Transf., a talon, claw, Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41.

Falcula, ae, m., a Roman surname, Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; id. Clu. 37, 103.

falcŭla, ae, f. dim. [falx], a small sickle, bill-hook, pruning-hook.

Lit., Cato, R. R. 11, 4; Col. 12, 18, 2.—

Transf., a talon, claw, Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41.

Falcula, ae, m., a Roman surname, Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; id. Clu. 37, 103.

flecto, xi, xum, 3, v. a. and n. [root in Gr. pholkos, bandy-legged; phalkês, the bent rib of a ship; L. falx; falco, so called from the curve of its claws or beak; cf. Germ. Falke; Engl. falcon].

Act., to bend, bow, curve, turn, turn round (freq. and class.; syn.: plecto, plico, curvo).

Lit.

In gen.:

animal omne membra quocumque vult, flectit, contorquet, porrigit, contrahit,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

ora retro,

Ov. M. 3, 188:

vultus ad illum,

id. ib. 4, 265;

10, 236: lumina a gurgite in nullam partem,

id. ib. 8, 367:

geminas acies huc,

to turn, direct, Verg. A. 6, 789; cf.

oculos,

id. ib. 8, 698:

equos brevi moderari ac flectere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin.:

equum,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 25:

currum de foro in Capitolium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 77:

plaustrum,

Ov. M. 10, 447: navem, Auct. B. Alex. 64 fin.:

habenas,

Ov. M. 2, 169:

cursus in orbem,

id. ib. 6, 225; cf.:

cursus in laevum,

id. Tr. 1, 10, 17:

iter ad Privernum,

Liv. 8, 19, 13 Drak. N. cr.:

iter Demetriadem,

id. 35, 31, 3:

tu (Bacche) flectis amnes, tu mare barbarum,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 17:

arcus,

to bend, Ov. M. 4, 303; cf.:

flexos incurvant viribus arcus,

Verg. A. 5, 500:

flexum genu,

Ov. M. 4, 340:

artus,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

flexi crines,

curled, Mart. 3, 63, 3; 10, 65, 6; Juv. 6, 493:

flexum mare,

i.e. a bay, Tac. A. 14, 4:

flexi fractique motus,

contorted, Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

hinc (silva) se flectit sinistrorsus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 25, 3.—Mid.: quasi amnis celeris rapit, sed tamen inflexu flectitur, Naev. ap. Non. 191, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 42 Rib.):

(milvus) flectitur in gyrum,

wheels, Ov. M. 2, 718:

modo flector in anguem,

I bend, wind myself into a snake, id. ib. 8, 883:

sol ab ea (Cancri) meta incipit flecti,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264: Euphrates ad meridiem flectitur, id. 6, 26, 30, § 125.—

In partic., naut. t. t., to go round or double a promontory:

cum in flectendis promontoriis ventorum mutationes maximas saepe sentiant,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 94:

Leucaten flectere molestum videbatur,

id. Att. 5, 9, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to bend, turn, direct:

ducere multimodis voces et flectere cantus,

Lucr. 5, 1406:

vocem,

Ov. Am. 2, 4, 25:

qui teneros et rudes cum acceperunt, inficiunt et flectunt, ut volunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47; cf.:

imbecillitatem animorum torquere et flectere,

id. ib. 1, 10, 29:

suam naturam huc et illuc torquere ac flectere,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

vitam flectere fingereque,

id. Sull. 28, 79:

mentes suas ad nostrum imperium nomenque,

id. Balb. 17, 39:

aliquem a proposito,

Liv. 28, 22, 11:

scribentis animum a vero,

id. 1 praef. 5:

animus ab aliqua opinione flectendus,

Quint. 4, 2, 80:

animos ad publica carmina,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 23: quo vobis mentes... dementes sese flexere viaï? Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 6, 16 (Ann. v. 209 ed. Vahl.):

est viri et ducis oblata casu flectere ad consilium,

Liv. 28, 44, 8:

juvenis cereus in vitium flecti,

Hor. A. P. 163:

quod procul a nobis flectat Fortuna gubernans,

turn aside, avert, Lucr. 5, 108.—

In partic.

To bend (in opinion or in will), to move, persuade, prevail upon, overcome, soften, appease (cf.:

moveo, afficio): quibus rebus ita flectebar animo atque frangebar, ut, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 6, 18:

sed quid te oratione flectam?... qua re flecte te, quaeso,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 35: facile Achivos flexeris, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. v. 229 ed. Vahl.):

judices,

Quint. 6, 1, 9:

flectere mollibus jam durum imperiis,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 6:

precibus si flecteris ullis,

Verg. A. 2, 689:

flectere si nequeo Superos, Acheronta movebo,

id. ib. 7, 312; cf.:

nisi dii immortales suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19:

desine fata deum flecti sperare precando,

Verg. A. 6, 376:

animos commutare atque omni ratione flectere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52 fin.:

ingenium alicujus aversum,

Sall. J. 102, 3:

si quem a proposito spes mollitiave animi flexisset,

divert, dissuade, Liv. 28, 22, 11: dictis nostris sententia flexa est, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 264 ed. Vahl.):

si flectitur ira deorum,

Ov. M. 1, 378: cf. id. Tr. 3, 5, 41:

hortaturque simul flectitque labores,

soothes, Stat. S. 5, 1, 119:

ad deditionem primos,

Liv. 5, 43, 1.—Mid.:

plurimum valet miseratio, quae judicem flecti non tantum cogit, sed, etc.,

to let himself be moved, Quint. 6, 1, 23:

flexi in misericordiam,

Amm. 12, 27.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) To turn aside from, to avoid a thing:

ut eam (viam) flectas, te rogo,

Cic. Att. 11, 18, 2 (but B. and K. ex conj. C. F. Hermann read ira, v. a. sup.); cf.:

flexit viam,

Liv. 1, 60, 1:

dolo a se flexos imputavit civilis,

Tac. H. 5, 24.—

To refer to or apply to any one:

versus qui in Tiberium flecterentur,

Tac. A. 6, 29:

Augustus quaedam ex horrida illa antiquitate ad praesentem usum flexisset,

id. ib. 4, 16.—

In grammar.

To form a word from another language:

verba derivare, flectere, conjungere,

Quint. 8, 3, 36:

hoc vocabulum (pollex) de Graeco flexum est,

Gell. 4, 3 fin. —

To decline, conjugate, inflect, Varr. L. L. 10, 2, 29 al.—

Flectere syllabam, to mark with the circumflex accent, and hence, to lengthen, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt.

Neutr., to turn, go, or march in any direction (post-Aug.).

Lit.:

cum procul hos laevo flectentes limite cernunt,

Verg. A. 9, 372:

ex Gabino in Tusculanos flexere colles,

Liv. 3, 8, 6;

Hasdrubal ad Oceanum flectit,

id. 28, 16, 3:

inde Vitellius Cremonam flexit,

Tac. H. 2, 70:

in Capitolium,

Suet. Tib. 20.—

Trop., of thought or speech, to turn in any direction:

ad providentiam sapientiamque,

Tac. A. 13, 3:

in ambitionem,

id. ib. 4, 37:

a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias Tiberii,

id. ib. 1, 34.—Hence, flexus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., bent, winding:

error,

Ov. M. 8, 160:

zodiacus circa Cancrum Capricornumque flexior,

Mart. Cap. 8, § 878.—In neutr. plur. subst.: collium flexa, Minuc. Fel. Octav. 17.—

Trop., of tones, lengthened:

infinito magis illa flexa et circumducta sunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 172.

fulcĭo, fulsi, fultum, 4 (late form perf. FVLCIVIT, Inscr. ap. Mur. 466, 3.— Part. perf.:

fulcītus,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 46), v. a. [etym. dub.; cf.: falx, flccto; Corss. refers it to root dhar-; v. firmus, Ausspr. 1, 476], to prop up, to keep upright by props, to stay, support (class.; syn.: sustento, sustineo, munio).

Lit.:

qui fulcire putatur porticum Stoicorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75:

aliquid trabibus,

Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 89:

Atlas, caelum qui vertice fulcit,

Verg. A. 4, 247:

vitis nisi fulta est, fertur ad terram,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

ruentes ceras,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 23:

illum Balbutit Scaurum pravis fultum male talis,

supported, Hor. S. 1, 3, 48; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 88:

quod non Taenariis domus est mihi fulta columnis,

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49:

longis Numidarum fulta columnis cenatio,

Juv. 7, 182; 3, 193:

si mutuatus pecuniam aedificia ruentia fulserit,

Gai. Inst. 4, 73:

me prior fultusque toro meliore,

Juv. 3, 82: et pulvino fultus, supported by, resting on the pillow, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 6, 53:

ille (juvencus) latus niveum molli fultus byacintho,

Verg. E. 6, 53; cf. effultus; so absol.:

colloco, fulcio,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 10:

caput nivei fultum Pallantis,

propped up, bolstered, Verg. A. 11, 39.— Impers.:

sat sic fultumst mihi,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 37.— Poet.:

tu (potes) pedibus teneris positas fulcire pruinas?

i. e. to tread the fallen snow, Prop. 1, 8, 7:

stant fulti pulvere crines,

supported, stiffened, Stat. Th. 3, 326.—

Transf., to make strong or fast, to fasten, secure, support, strengthen ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

fultosque emuniit obice postes,

fastened, guarded, Verg. A. 8, 227; cf.:

appositā janua fulta serā,

Ov. A. A. 2, 244:

et dura janua fulta sera,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

omnia debet cibus integrare novando Et fulcire cibus, cibus omnia sustentare,

to support, strengthen, Lucr. 2, 1147:

stomachum cibo,

Sen. Ep. 68 med.:

venas cadentes vino,

id. ib. 95; cf. Col. 6, 24, 4.—

Trop.

To support, sustain, uphold:

veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortuna, fide,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43; cf.:

labantem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,

id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:

domum pluribus adminiculis ante fundatam fulcit ac sustinet,

Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3;

cf: ingenia rudia nullisque artium bonarum adminiculis fulta,

Gell. 6, 2, 8:

hoc consilio et quasi senatu fultus et munitus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9:

aliquem litteris,

id. Att. 5, 21, 14:

magnis subsidiis fulta res publica est,

id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

imperium gloria fultum et benevolentiā sociorum,

id. Off. 3, 22, 88:

his fultus societatibus atque amicitiis,

Liv. 42, 12, 8; 3, 60, 9; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 11; cf.:

quia nullis recentibus subsidiis fulta prima acies fuit,

Liv. 9, 32, 9:

quo praesidio cum fulta res Romana esset,

id. 7, 12, 8:

causa Gaditanorum gravissimis et plurimis rebus est fulta,

Cic. Balb. 15, 35:

serie fulcite genus,

i. e. to keep up, preserve, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 69.—

Poet., to besiege, oppress:

(Pacuvii) Antiopa aerumnis cor luctificabile fulta,

Pers. 1, 78 (perh. a word of Pacuv.).

mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

malus et nequam homo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

pessima puella,

Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

consuetudo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

conscientia,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

mens,

id. ib.:

mores,

Sall. C. 18:

fures,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

Furiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

virus,

Verg. G. 1, 129:

cicuta,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

libido,

Liv. 1, 57:

falx,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

gramina,

id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

abi in malam rem,

go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

pugna,

unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

avis,

i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

ales,

id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

haud mala est mulier,

not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

facies,

Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

crus,

i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

pondus,

i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

in malis aeger est,

in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

id. 3, 5 med.:

eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

via,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,

mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.

In gen.:

orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

hostes inopinato malo turbati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

externum, i. e. bellum,

Nep. Hamilc. 21:

ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

Cels. 3, 15:

hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

Liv. 2, 34, 11.—

In partic.

Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

Liv. 2, 54, 10:

malo exercitum coërcere,

Sall. J. 100, 5:

sine malo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

clementiam illi malo fuisse,

was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

olet homo quidam malo suo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—

Wrong-doing:

causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—

As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

quid tu, malum, me sequere?

Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

qui, malum, alii?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—

As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—

măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

di isti Segulio male faciant,

do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

o factum male de Alexione!

id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

male velle alicui,

to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

male loqui,

id. Rosc. Am. 48:

male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

male accipere verbis aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hoc male habet virum,

annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

male se habere,

to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

male est animo,

it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

male est animo,

I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

male fit animo,

I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

quae res tibi vertat male,

much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

proelium male pugnatum,

unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

ea quae male empta sunt,

at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

male vendere,

at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

male tegere mutationem fortunae,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

male sustinere arma,

unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

male metuo, ne, etc.,

exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

rauci,

miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana,

with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

gratus,

i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

male fidas provincias,

unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

statio male fida carinis,

unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

pejusque leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.

mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

malus bifera,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

Verg. G. 2, 70:

malus granata,

the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.

mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.

In gen.:

malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—

Esp.

A mast of a ship:

ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

attolli malos,

Verg. A. 5, 829:

malo suspendit ab alto,

id. ib. 5, 489:

saucius,

injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—

A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—

The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

The corner beams of a tower:

turrium mali,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

ob-tundo, tŭdi, tūsum (and tunsum), 3, v. a.

To strike or beat against, at, or on a thing; to beat, thump, belabor (very rare;

perh. only ante- and post-class.): pectora pugnis, Firm. Math. 5, 5: obtundit os mihi,

breaks my jaw, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 50; cf.:

obtunso ore,

id. ib. 5, 1, 8; cf.:

nam sum obtusus pugnis pessume,

id. Am. 2, 1, 59.—

To blunt, dull, by striking.

Lit. (very rare):

telum,

Lucr. 6, 399:

gladios,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 166.—

Transf.

To blunt, weaken, make dull, deprive of strength:

aciem oculorum,

Plin. 22, 25, 70, § 142:

auditum,

id. 24, 11, 50, § 87:

obtusus stomachus,

id. Ep. 7, 3, 5:

vocem,

to blunt, weaken, Lucr. 4, 613:

ingenia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 282:

et obtusis ceciderunt viribus artis,

Lucr. 3, 452; Liv. 7, 2:

mentem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:

ingenia,

id. de Or. 3, 24, 93:

nihil est quod tam obtundat elevetque aegritudinem, quam. etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34.—

Aures or aliquem, or simply obtundere, to stun or din the ears; to deafen one by saying a thing too often or too long; hence, to annoy or tease with importunity; aures graviter obtundo tuas, ne quem ames, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 120: ne brevitas [p. 1248] defraudasse aures videatur, neve longitudo obtudisse, Cic. Or. 66, 221:

aliquem longis epistulis,

to annoy, molest, id. Att. 8, 1:

aliquem,

id. Fam. 5, 14, 3:

rogitando,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 6.—With object-clause: obtuderunt ejus aures, te socium praetoris fuisse, they dinned into him that, etc., Timarch. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 67, § 157.— With subj.:

non cessat obtundere, totam prorsus a principio fabulam promeret,

App. M. 9, p. 228, 8:

aliquem de aliquā re,

to importune, annoy, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 33:

obtundis, tametsi intellego, etc.,

id. And. 2, 2, 11.—Hence, obtūsus ( obtunsus or optūsus), a, um, P. a., blunt, dull, obtuse (class.).

Lit.:

falx obtusa et hebes,

Col. 4, 24, 21:

pugio,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

vomer,

Verg. G. 1, 262:

angulus,

Lucr. 4, 355:

cornua lunae obtusa,

Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 347.—

Transf., blunted, blunt, dull, weak, faint, powerless:

animi acies obtusior,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83:

stellis acies obtunsa,

Verg. G. 1, 395: obtusi et hebetes ad aliquam rem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14:

aures obtunsae,

blunted, dull of hearing, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 17: vox, thick, not clear (opp. clara), Quint. 11, 3, 15:

fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, optusae obscurant,

id. 11, 3, 20:

stomachus,

weakened, spoiled, Plin. Ep. 7, 3, 5:

obtunsa pectora,

insensible, without feeling, Verg. A. 1, 567:

ingenium,

Gell. 13, 24, 21:

vires,

enfeebled, Lucr. 3, 452:

nimio ne luxu obtunsior usus Sit genitali arvo,

too blunted, too enfeebled, Verg. G. 3, 135:

vigor animi,

Liv. 5, 18:

cor,

Lact. 2, 5, 4:

sensus eorum,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 3, 14:

venenum,

powerless, Calp. Ecl. 5, 94.— Comp.:

quo quid dici potest obtusius?

Cic. N. D. 1, 25, 70.— Sup. does not occur.—Hence, adv.: obtūsē, dully, not keenly (postclass.):

crocodili in aquā obtusius vident, in terrā acutissime,

Sol. 32, § 28.—Fig.:

hoc facere obtuse,

Aug. Doct. Christ. 4, 5, § 7.

ob-tundo, tŭdi, tūsum (and tunsum), 3, v. a.

To strike or beat against, at, or on a thing; to beat, thump, belabor (very rare;

perh. only ante- and post-class.): pectora pugnis, Firm. Math. 5, 5: obtundit os mihi,

breaks my jaw, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 50; cf.:

obtunso ore,

id. ib. 5, 1, 8; cf.:

nam sum obtusus pugnis pessume,

id. Am. 2, 1, 59.—

To blunt, dull, by striking.

Lit. (very rare):

telum,

Lucr. 6, 399:

gladios,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 166.—

Transf.

To blunt, weaken, make dull, deprive of strength:

aciem oculorum,

Plin. 22, 25, 70, § 142:

auditum,

id. 24, 11, 50, § 87:

obtusus stomachus,

id. Ep. 7, 3, 5:

vocem,

to blunt, weaken, Lucr. 4, 613:

ingenia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 282:

et obtusis ceciderunt viribus artis,

Lucr. 3, 452; Liv. 7, 2:

mentem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:

ingenia,

id. de Or. 3, 24, 93:

nihil est quod tam obtundat elevetque aegritudinem, quam. etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34.—

Aures or aliquem, or simply obtundere, to stun or din the ears; to deafen one by saying a thing too often or too long; hence, to annoy or tease with importunity; aures graviter obtundo tuas, ne quem ames, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 120: ne brevitas [p. 1248] defraudasse aures videatur, neve longitudo obtudisse, Cic. Or. 66, 221:

aliquem longis epistulis,

to annoy, molest, id. Att. 8, 1:

aliquem,

id. Fam. 5, 14, 3:

rogitando,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 6.—With object-clause: obtuderunt ejus aures, te socium praetoris fuisse, they dinned into him that, etc., Timarch. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 67, § 157.— With subj.:

non cessat obtundere, totam prorsus a principio fabulam promeret,

App. M. 9, p. 228, 8:

aliquem de aliquā re,

to importune, annoy, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 33:

obtundis, tametsi intellego, etc.,

id. And. 2, 2, 11.—Hence, obtūsus ( obtunsus or optūsus), a, um, P. a., blunt, dull, obtuse (class.).

Lit.:

falx obtusa et hebes,

Col. 4, 24, 21:

pugio,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

vomer,

Verg. G. 1, 262:

angulus,

Lucr. 4, 355:

cornua lunae obtusa,

Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 347.—

Transf., blunted, blunt, dull, weak, faint, powerless:

animi acies obtusior,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83:

stellis acies obtunsa,

Verg. G. 1, 395: obtusi et hebetes ad aliquam rem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14:

aures obtunsae,

blunted, dull of hearing, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 17: vox, thick, not clear (opp. clara), Quint. 11, 3, 15:

fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, optusae obscurant,

id. 11, 3, 20:

stomachus,

weakened, spoiled, Plin. Ep. 7, 3, 5:

obtunsa pectora,

insensible, without feeling, Verg. A. 1, 567:

ingenium,

Gell. 13, 24, 21:

vires,

enfeebled, Lucr. 3, 452:

nimio ne luxu obtunsior usus Sit genitali arvo,

too blunted, too enfeebled, Verg. G. 3, 135:

vigor animi,

Liv. 5, 18:

cor,

Lact. 2, 5, 4:

sensus eorum,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 3, 14:

venenum,

powerless, Calp. Ecl. 5, 94.— Comp.:

quo quid dici potest obtusius?

Cic. N. D. 1, 25, 70.— Sup. does not occur.—Hence, adv.: obtūsē, dully, not keenly (postclass.):

crocodili in aquā obtusius vident, in terrā acutissime,

Sol. 32, § 28.—Fig.:

hoc facere obtuse,

Aug. Doct. Christ. 4, 5, § 7.

pĕr-ăcūtus, a, um, adj., very sharp.

Lit.:

falx,

Mart. 3, 24, 5 (dub.).—

Transf., of sound, very clear or penetrating:

vox,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241.—

Trop., [p. 1333] very keen, very acute, very penetrating:

cum peracutus esset ad excogitandum,

Cic. Brut. 39, 145:

oratio,

id. ib. 76, 264; id. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 108.— Adv.: pĕrăcūtē, very sharply, very acutely, with great keenness:

moveri,

Cic. Ac. 1, 9, 35:

peracute querebare, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 2:

reperisse,

App. Mag. 34.

saevus, a, um (collat. form saevis, e; in gen. plur. saevium, Amm. 15, 9; 29, 5), adj. [etym. dub.; perh. akin with scaevus, q. v.], roused to fierceness (while ferus signifies naturally fierce); raging, furious, fell, savage, ferocious, etc. (mostly poet.)

Lit., of animals:

leones,

Lucr. 3, 306; 4, 1016; cf.:

saecla leonum,

id. 5, 862:

leaena,

Tib. 3, 4, 90:

lea,

Ov. M. 4, 102:

saevior leaena,

Verg. G. 3, 246:

apri,

Lucr. 5, 1327:

sues,

id. 5, 1309:

lupi,

Tib. 1, 5, 54:

canes,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40; Ov. M. 7, 64:

ferae,

Tib. 1, 10, 6; Ov. M. 4, 404; 7, 387:

belua,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 22.—

Transf., of any vehement, passionate excitement, fierce, cruel, violent, harsh, severe, fell, dire, barbarous, etc. (syn.: crudelis, inmitis, trux, durus).

Of persons:

nunc truculento mihi atque saevo usus sene est,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; so (with truculentus) id. Truc. 3, 2, 5; cf.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

gens, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ex amore saevus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

uxor,

cross, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

vir,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 2:

custos,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77:

magister,

id. ib. 1, 18, 13:

novercae,

Verg. G. 2, 128:

Canidia,

Hor. Epod. 5, 47:

Tisiphone,

id. S. 1, 8, 33:

mater Cupidinum,

id. C. 1, 19, 1; 4, 1, 5:

Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 4; cf.:

conjux Jovis,

Ov. M. 9, 199:

Proserpina,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 20:

Necessitas,

id. ib. 1, 35, 17:

tyrannus,

Ov. M. 6, 581; cf.:

cum tyranno saevissimo et violentissimo in suos,

Liv. 34, 32:

saevus metu,

Suet. Dom. 3:

aliquanto post civilis belli victoriam saevior,

id. ib. 10:

post cujus interitum vel saevissimus exstitit,

id. Tib. 61:

saevorum saevissime Centaurorum, Euryte,

Ov. M. 12, 219 et saep.: saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem, terrible, deinos, Verg. A. 12, 107:

Hector,

id. ib. 1, 99; Ov. M. 13, 177:

Achilles,

id. ib. 12, 582:

sed manibus qui saevus erit,

Tib. 1, 10, 67:

nimium in pellice saevae deae,

Ov. M. 4, 547:

videt Atridas Priamumque et saevum ambobus Achillem,

Verg. A. 1, 458:

saevus accusandis reis,

Tac. A. 11, 5:

duces,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 16.— Poet., with inf. (cf. saevio, II. A.):

quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere saevus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30; cf. in comp.:

saevior ante alios iras servasse,

Sil. 11, 7.—

Of things: mare, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.; Sall. J. 17, 5:

pelagus,

Ov. M. 14, 559:

fluctus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 4:

procellae,

Lucr. 3, 805:

undae,

id. 5, [p. 1616] 222: saevi exsistunt turbines, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157:

ventus,

Cic. Att. 5, 12; Liv. 28, 18; Ov. M. 12, 8: tempestates, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 17; Lucr. 6, 458; Liv. 24, 8; cf.

hiems,

id. 40, 45; Val. Fl. 7, 52:

Orion,

Verg. A. 7, 719:

scopulus,

id. ib. 5, 270:

ignes,

Prop. 1, 1, 27; Ov. M. 2, 313; Hor. C. 1, 16, 11:

bipennis,

Ov. M. 8, 766:

falx Priapi,

Tib. 1, 1, 18:

catenae,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 45: tympana, sounding harshly or terribly, id. ib. 1, 18, 13 et saep.: saevo ac duro in bello, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 15; so,

bellum,

Lucr. 1, 475: saeva et tristia dicta, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 23: unde superstitiosa primum saeva evasit vox fera, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 115:

minae,

Prop. 1, 17, 6 sq.:

verba,

Hor. Epod. 12, 13:

jocus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 148; id. C. 1, 33, 12:

naves,

id. ib. 1, 37, 30:

militia,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 54:

cum ex saevis et perditis rebus ad meliorem statum fortuna revocatur,

Cic. Rep. Fragm. 6, p. 419 Osann (5, p. 247 B. and K.; ap. Amm. 15, 5, 23): Medea amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34; and ap. Cic. Cael. 8, 18 (Trag. v. 288 Vahl.); so,

Amor,

Verg. E. 8, 47:

horror,

id. A. 12, 406:

verbera,

id. G. 3, 252:

ira,

Prop. 1, 18, 14:

damna,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

adulationes,

id. ib. 4, 20:

caedes,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

dolores,

Verg. A. 1, 25:

ira,

Ov. M. 1, 453:

paupertas,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 43:

quae sibi belligeranti saeva vel prospera evenissent,

Tac. A. 2, 5:

ut saeva et detestanda Quirinio clamitarent,

id. ib. 3, 23:

multa saevaque questus,

id. ib. 1, 6.— Adv., in three forms, saeve, saeviter (anteclass.), and saevum (in post-Aug. poets), fiercely, furiously, ferociously, cruelly, barbarously, etc.

saevē:

saeve et atrociter factitavit,

Suet. Tib. 59:

facere omnia,

Luc. 8, 492:

gesturus impia bella,

id. 7, 171. —

saevĭter: ferro cernunt de victoriā, Enn. ap Non. 511, 8; Att. and Afran. ib. 4, 7; Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 3; id. Poen. 1, 2, 122; id. Trin. 4, 3, 53.—

saevum:

cui arridens,

Sil. 1, 398; Stat. Th. 3, 589; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 285.—

Comp.:

lumina Gorgoneo saevius igne micant,

Ov. A. A. 3, 504; Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 15; Hor. C. 2, 10, 9.—

Sup.:

sunt (loca), quae tepent hieme, sed aestate saevissime candent,

Col. 1, 4, 9; Claud. ap. Suet. Claud. 2:

saevissime dentiunt,

Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 170.

saevus, a, um (collat. form saevis, e; in gen. plur. saevium, Amm. 15, 9; 29, 5), adj. [etym. dub.; perh. akin with scaevus, q. v.], roused to fierceness (while ferus signifies naturally fierce); raging, furious, fell, savage, ferocious, etc. (mostly poet.)

Lit., of animals:

leones,

Lucr. 3, 306; 4, 1016; cf.:

saecla leonum,

id. 5, 862:

leaena,

Tib. 3, 4, 90:

lea,

Ov. M. 4, 102:

saevior leaena,

Verg. G. 3, 246:

apri,

Lucr. 5, 1327:

sues,

id. 5, 1309:

lupi,

Tib. 1, 5, 54:

canes,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40; Ov. M. 7, 64:

ferae,

Tib. 1, 10, 6; Ov. M. 4, 404; 7, 387:

belua,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 22.—

Transf., of any vehement, passionate excitement, fierce, cruel, violent, harsh, severe, fell, dire, barbarous, etc. (syn.: crudelis, inmitis, trux, durus).

Of persons:

nunc truculento mihi atque saevo usus sene est,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; so (with truculentus) id. Truc. 3, 2, 5; cf.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

gens, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ex amore saevus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

uxor,

cross, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

vir,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 2:

custos,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77:

magister,

id. ib. 1, 18, 13:

novercae,

Verg. G. 2, 128:

Canidia,

Hor. Epod. 5, 47:

Tisiphone,

id. S. 1, 8, 33:

mater Cupidinum,

id. C. 1, 19, 1; 4, 1, 5:

Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 4; cf.:

conjux Jovis,

Ov. M. 9, 199:

Proserpina,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 20:

Necessitas,

id. ib. 1, 35, 17:

tyrannus,

Ov. M. 6, 581; cf.:

cum tyranno saevissimo et violentissimo in suos,

Liv. 34, 32:

saevus metu,

Suet. Dom. 3:

aliquanto post civilis belli victoriam saevior,

id. ib. 10:

post cujus interitum vel saevissimus exstitit,

id. Tib. 61:

saevorum saevissime Centaurorum, Euryte,

Ov. M. 12, 219 et saep.: saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem, terrible, deinos, Verg. A. 12, 107:

Hector,

id. ib. 1, 99; Ov. M. 13, 177:

Achilles,

id. ib. 12, 582:

sed manibus qui saevus erit,

Tib. 1, 10, 67:

nimium in pellice saevae deae,

Ov. M. 4, 547:

videt Atridas Priamumque et saevum ambobus Achillem,

Verg. A. 1, 458:

saevus accusandis reis,

Tac. A. 11, 5:

duces,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 16.— Poet., with inf. (cf. saevio, II. A.):

quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere saevus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30; cf. in comp.:

saevior ante alios iras servasse,

Sil. 11, 7.—

Of things: mare, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.; Sall. J. 17, 5:

pelagus,

Ov. M. 14, 559:

fluctus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 4:

procellae,

Lucr. 3, 805:

undae,

id. 5, [p. 1616] 222: saevi exsistunt turbines, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157:

ventus,

Cic. Att. 5, 12; Liv. 28, 18; Ov. M. 12, 8: tempestates, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 17; Lucr. 6, 458; Liv. 24, 8; cf.

hiems,

id. 40, 45; Val. Fl. 7, 52:

Orion,

Verg. A. 7, 719:

scopulus,

id. ib. 5, 270:

ignes,

Prop. 1, 1, 27; Ov. M. 2, 313; Hor. C. 1, 16, 11:

bipennis,

Ov. M. 8, 766:

falx Priapi,

Tib. 1, 1, 18:

catenae,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 45: tympana, sounding harshly or terribly, id. ib. 1, 18, 13 et saep.: saevo ac duro in bello, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 15; so,

bellum,

Lucr. 1, 475: saeva et tristia dicta, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 23: unde superstitiosa primum saeva evasit vox fera, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 115:

minae,

Prop. 1, 17, 6 sq.:

verba,

Hor. Epod. 12, 13:

jocus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 148; id. C. 1, 33, 12:

naves,

id. ib. 1, 37, 30:

militia,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 54:

cum ex saevis et perditis rebus ad meliorem statum fortuna revocatur,

Cic. Rep. Fragm. 6, p. 419 Osann (5, p. 247 B. and K.; ap. Amm. 15, 5, 23): Medea amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34; and ap. Cic. Cael. 8, 18 (Trag. v. 288 Vahl.); so,

Amor,

Verg. E. 8, 47:

horror,

id. A. 12, 406:

verbera,

id. G. 3, 252:

ira,

Prop. 1, 18, 14:

damna,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

adulationes,

id. ib. 4, 20:

caedes,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

dolores,

Verg. A. 1, 25:

ira,

Ov. M. 1, 453:

paupertas,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 43:

quae sibi belligeranti saeva vel prospera evenissent,

Tac. A. 2, 5:

ut saeva et detestanda Quirinio clamitarent,

id. ib. 3, 23:

multa saevaque questus,

id. ib. 1, 6.— Adv., in three forms, saeve, saeviter (anteclass.), and saevum (in post-Aug. poets), fiercely, furiously, ferociously, cruelly, barbarously, etc.

saevē:

saeve et atrociter factitavit,

Suet. Tib. 59:

facere omnia,

Luc. 8, 492:

gesturus impia bella,

id. 7, 171. —

saevĭter: ferro cernunt de victoriā, Enn. ap Non. 511, 8; Att. and Afran. ib. 4, 7; Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 3; id. Poen. 1, 2, 122; id. Trin. 4, 3, 53.—

saevum:

cui arridens,

Sil. 1, 398; Stat. Th. 3, 589; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 285.—

Comp.:

lumina Gorgoneo saevius igne micant,

Ov. A. A. 3, 504; Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 15; Hor. C. 2, 10, 9.—

Sup.:

sunt (loca), quae tepent hieme, sed aestate saevissime candent,

Col. 1, 4, 9; Claud. ap. Suet. Claud. 2:

saevissime dentiunt,

Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 170.