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1 βάρβαρος
βάρβαρος, ον (onomatopoetic formation; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb. [Dalman, Gram.2 183, 185]) gener. pert. to what is foreign (esp. from the perspective of one who knows Greek and is familiar w. Hellenic culture; the components ‘foreign in language’ and ‘foreign in culture’ are ordinarily linked) ‘non-Hellenic’① w. focus on strangeness of language: pert. to using a language that is unintelligible to outsiders, foreign-speaking, of foreign tongue adj. or noun 1 Cor 14:11 (cp. Hdt. 2, 158; Aristoph., Av. 199 and its scholia [Ltzm. on 1 Cor 14:11]; Ovid, Tristia 5, 10, 37 barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli ‘I’m a barbarus here, because no one understands me’; Ps 113:1).② w. focus on non-Hellenic association: pert. to not speaking Greek or participating in Gk. cultureⓐ adj. not Hellenic πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας κ. βαρβάρους Dg 5:4.ⓑ subst. a non-Hellene, foreigner (the Engl. loanw. ‘barbarian’ is freq. used in a derogatory sense and is therefore inappropriate for rendering [as NRSV, REB et al.] the Gk. term when it appears without the negative contexts of some texts composed after the Persian wars, e.g. Demosth. 26, 17) contrasted w. Hellenes (the Neo-Platonist Amelius [III A.D.] calls the writer of John’s gospel a β.: Eus., PE 11, 19, 1) Ἕλληνες κ. βάρβαροι Ro 1:14 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 404; Pla., Theaet. 175a; Chariton 6, 3, 7; SIG 360, 12 and 27; 867, 32; OGI 765, 16ff; IAndrosIsis p. 124, 31 ἐγὼ διαλέκτους Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις ἔταξα=125, 27 [but διετάξάμην]; Philo, Abr. 267; Jos., Ant. 4, 12; 8, 284 al.—The Romans refused to be classified as β.: Jüthner [s. Ἕλλην 1] p. 62; MPohlenz, Stoa II ’49, 139); cp. Col 3:11 (44th Ep. of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 354, 25]: there is no difference betw. people εἴτε βάρβαρος εἴτε καὶ Ἕλλην.—THermann, ThBl 9, 1930, 106f). Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone; indeed, Luke transforms the ‘foreigners’ into ‘Hellenes’ by noting their extraordinary hospitality παρεῖχον οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν; cp. Warnecke, Romfahrt 111–18).—AEichhorn, βάρβαρος quid significaverit, diss. Leipz. 1904; HWerner, Barbarus: NJklA 41, 1918, 389–408; RAC I 1173–76; JAC 10, ’67, 251–96. S. Ἕλλην 1.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
2 λαχανεία
λαχανείᾱ, λαχανείαculture of pot-herbs: fem nom /voc /acc dualλαχανείᾱ, λαχανείαculture of pot-herbs: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic) -
3 λαχανείας
λαχανείᾱς, λαχανείαculture of pot-herbs: fem acc plλαχανείᾱς, λαχανείαculture of pot-herbs: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic) -
4 παιδεία
παιδεία, ἡ,2 training and teaching, education, opp. τροφή, Ar.Nu. 961, Th.2.39(pl.);π. καὶ τροφή Pl. Phd. 107d
, Phlb. 55d.3 its result, mental culture, learning, education,ἡ π. εὐτυχοῦσι κόσμος, ἀτυχοῦσι καταφύγιον Democr.180
, cf. Pl. Prt. 327d, Grg. 470e, R. 376e, Arist.Pol. 1338a30, etc.;τῆς Λακεδαιμονίων π. Pl.Prt. 343a
: in pl., parts or systems of education, Id.Lg. 653c, 804d.5 πλεκτὰν Αἰγύπτου παιδείαν ἐξηρτήσασθε the twisted handiwork of Egypt, i.e. (acc. to Sch.) ropes of papyrus, E.Tr. 129 (lyr.).II youth, childhood,παιδείης πολυήρατον ἄνθος Thgn.1305
, cf. 1348;ἐκ παιδείας φίλος Lys.20.11
; so (prob.)στερρὰν παιδείαν E.IT 206
(lyr.).2 in collect. sense, body of youths,παιδείας λιπαρὴς ὄχλος Luc.Am.6
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παιδεία
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5 Ἕλλην
Ἕλλην, ηνος, ὁ (s. Ἑλλάς; Hdt.+)① a pers. of Greek language and culture, Greek (opp. βάρβαρος [ANikolaidis, Ἑλληνικός–βαρβαρικός, Plutarch on Greek and Barbarian Characteristics: WienerStud n.s. 20, ’86, 229–44] as Thu. 1, 1, 2 et al.; TestSol 6:8 PL; Philo, Ebr. 193 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 12 al.; Just., D. 117, 5; Tat. 21, 3; s. UWilcken, Hellenen u. Barbaren: NJklA 17, 1906, 457–71; JJüthner, Hell. u. Bar. 1923; HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 9, ’44, 1ff) Ro 1:14 (cultured Romans affected interest in things Greek and would therefore recognize themselves under this term).② in the broader sense, all persons who came under the influence of Greek, as distinguished from Israel’s, cultureⓐ gentile, polytheist, Greco-Roman (2 Macc 4:36; 11:2; 3 Macc 3:8; 4 Macc 18:20; ViJon 1 [p. 82, 15 Sch.]; SibOr 5, 265; Praxagoras [Hist. IV A.D.]: 219 T 1, 8 [Phot., Bibl. 62, 8:219] Jac. τὴν θρησκείαν Ἕλλην; apolog.) J 7:35; Ac 9:29 v.l. and 11:20 v.l. (both for Ἑλληνιστάς); 16:1, 3; 21:28; 1 Cor 1:22; Gal 2:3; PtK 2 p. 14, 1 and 7; p. 15, 7; Dg 1; 3:3; 5:17. The expr. Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ Ἕλληνες, which clearly indicates Israel’s advantages fr. Judean perspective, embraces a broad range of nationalities, with Ἕλλην focusing on the polytheistic aspect: Ac 14:1; 18:4; 19:10, 17; 20:21; Ro 1:16; 2:9f; 3:9; 10:12; 1 Cor 1:24; 10:32; 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11 (CPJ 33, 6f=Mitt-Wilck. 55, 6 [III B.C.] παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων does not mean to indicate that Judeans have any special privilege [despite the fact that Ἰ. comes before Ἑ.]. Here the expression expresses gentile perspective. Cp. also Epict. 2, 9, 19 τί ὑποκρίνῃ Ἰουδαῖον ὢν Ἕλλην=why do you play the part of a Judean, when you are actually a Greek?).ⓑ used of non-Israelites/gentiles who expressed an interest in the cultic life of Israel (cp. Jos., Bell. 7, 45) J 12:20. οἱ σεβόμενοι Ἕλληνες God-fearing gentiles Ac 17:4.—On the use of the art. s. B-D-F §262, 2=Rehkopf §262, 3.—LWeniger, Jesus u. d. Griechen: NJklA 41, 1918, 477–80; JLeipoldt, Jesu Verh. zu Griech. u. Juden ’41; B. 1489.—Frisk s.v. Ἑλλάς. DELG s.v. Ἕλληνες. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
6 λαχανείαις
λαχανείαculture of pot-herbs: fem dat pl -
7 γυμνάσιον
-ου τό N 2 0-0-0-0-4=4 1 Mc 1,14; 2 Mc 4,9.12; 4 Mc 4,20(gymnastic) school, centre for schooling in athletics and Greek culture -
8 παιδεία
-ας + ἡ N 1 1-0-16-35-58=110 Dt 11,2; Is 26,16; 50,4.5(4); 53,5teaching, discipline, instruction, cor-rection Dt 11,2; mental culture, learning (result of teaching) Sir prol.,29; educ-ation, training Wis 2,12; chastisement Prv 22,15*Ps 2,12 παιδείας correction corr. παιδός lad for MT בר (Aram.) son; *Ez 13,9 ἐν παιδείᾳ in chastisement-יסר for MT סוד/ב in secret, see also Am 3,7; *Hab 1,12 παιδείαν αὐτοῦ his chastise-ment-יסר for MT יסדתו you have established him; *Ps 17(18),36 καὶ ἡ παιδεία σου and your chastisement-ְתָכ<נּוֲַעְ for MT וְַענְוְַתָך your gentleness, cpr. 2 Sm 22,36Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992, 186; LARCHER 1983 175.243.281; PRIJS 1948, XVI(Ps 2,12).64(Is 50,4); →MM; NIDNTT; TWNT -
9 εὐβοσία
εὐβοσία, ἡ,4 abundance, plenty,ἐν εὐ. ὑπάρχειν Inscr.Prien.108.48
(ii B. C.);ἔθυον -βοσίαν γενέσθαι St.Byz.
s.v. Ἀζανοί; ἵνα ὁ δῆμος ἐν εὐβοσίᾳ διαγένηται Supp.Epigr.1.366.49 (Samos, iii B.C.);ἐξ ἁλός AP11.199
(Leon.).II divinity worshipped in Asia Minor, Zeitschr.f. Numism.7.223 (coin of Hierapolis); Σεβαστὴ Εὐ., of a deified Empress, IGRom.4.654 ([place name] Acmonia): also spelt Εὐποσία (q. v.):—hence [full] Εὐβοσιάρχης, ου, ὁ, official title (like Εὐθηνιάρχης), Papers of Amer. School 3 No.317; cf. Εὐποσιάρχης.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὐβοσία
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10 εὐπαιδευσία
εὐπαιδ-ευσία, ἡ,A goodness of education, E.Fr. 1100, Men.Mon. 653, Aret.SD1.6; culture, scholarship,ἐπιστολαὶ -ευσίας μεσταί Philostr. VS1.18.4
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὐπαιδευσία
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11 λαχανεία
λᾰχᾰν-εία, ἡ,A culture of pot-herbs, κῆπος -είας a garden of herbs, LXX De.11.10, cf. PCair.Zen.269.22 (iii B.C.), PPetr.3p.236 (iii B.C.), PTeb.60.39 (ii B.C.), al., Sch.Od.7.127 (pl.), Ptol.Tetr. 81.II = λαχανισμός, J.BJ4.9.8.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαχανεία
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12 παιδαγωγία
παιδᾰγωγ-ία, ἡ,A office of a παιδαγωγός, hence metaph., Pl. Ti. 89d; training, ; culture of trees, Plu.2.2e: generally, attendance on the sick, E. Or. 883.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παιδαγωγία
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13 παίδευσις
A process or system of education (παιδείας παράδοσις Pl.Def. 416a
), Hdt.4.78, 6.128, Ar.Nu. 986, 1043;τροφὴ καὶ π. Pl.Criti. 110c
, R. 424a;ξενικὴν π. παιδεύειν Id.Hp.Ma. 284c
; τὴν ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους π. his education by virtue, X.Mem.2.1.34; (Ἕλληνας καλεῖσθαι τοὺς τῆς π. τῆς ἡμετέρας μετέχοντας Isoc.4.50
, cf. 3.57; ἡ περὶ τοὺς λόγους π. instruction in rhetoric, Id.11.49: in pl.,τροφαὶ καὶ -σεις Pl.Lg. 926e
.2 its result, culture, learning. Ar.Th. 175, Antipho Soph. 60, Isoc.9.78, Pl.Prt. 349a, Arist.Rh. 1399a13.II means of educating, τὴν πόλιν πᾶσαν τῆς Ἑλλάδος παίδευσιν εἶναι is the school of Greece, Th.2.41.III in late Gr., ἡ σὴ, ἡ ὑμετέρα π., form of address to members of the learned professions, Stud.Pal.20.129.13 (v A. D.), POxy.1165.2 (vi A. D.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παίδευσις
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14 ἀγωγή
A carrying away, Hdt.6.85, etc.; freight, carriage,πρὸς τὰς ἀγωγὰς.. χρῆσθαι ὑποζυγίοις Pl.R. 370e
, cf.X.Lac.7.5, PLond. 3.948.2 (iii A.D.).b intr., τὴν ἀ. διὰ τάχους ἐποιεῖτο pursued his voyage, Th.4.29 (v.l.); movement, Pl.R. 604b; ἀ. ἐπί τι tendency towards.., Hp.Epid.1.1.3 forcible seizure, carrying off, abduction, A.Ag. 1263, S.OC 662;ἀγωγὴν ποιήσασθαι PTeb. 39.22
(ii B. C.), cf. 48.22.5 load, Ostr.1168; weight, AB333.b spell for bringing a person, usu. love-charm, PMag.Par. 1.1390.2 leading of an army, Id.Lg. 746e (pl.); ἀ. στραταρχίας conduct of an expedition, Vett.Val.339.29;ἡ ἀ. τῶν πραγμάτων Plb.3.8.5
.3 direction, training,παιδεία μέν ἐσθ' ἡ παίδων ὁλκή τε καὶ ἀ. πρὸς τὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου λόγον ὀρθὸν εἰρημένον Pl.Lg. 659d
, cf. 819a;ἀ. ὀρθῆς τυχεῖν πρὸς ἀρετήν Arist.EN 1179b31
;διὰ τὸ ἦθος καὶ τὴν ἀ. Id.Pol. 1292b14
, cf. Cleanth.Stoic.1.107: in pl., systems of education, Chrysipp.Stoic.3.173; esp. of the public education of the Spartan youth,Λακωνικὴ ἀ. Plb. 1.32.1
;Ἀγησίλαος ἤχθη τὴν λεγομένην ἀγωγὴν ἐν Δακεδαίμονι Plu.Ages.1
; ἀ. στοιχειώδης elementary course, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef.:—also of plants, culture, Thphr.HP1.3.2; of diseases, treatment, Gal.12.414, 15.436.4 way of life, conduct, Archyt ap.Stob.2.31.120 (pl.), PTeb. 24.57 (ii B. C.), OGI223.15 (Erythrae, iii B. C.), LXX 2 Ma.6.8, 2 Ep.Tim. 3.10, M.Ant.1.6.6 generally, method, construction (of a law), Arist.Rh. 1375b12; style, D.H.Isoc.20, al.;ἡ ἀ. τῶν διαλέκτων Str.14.1.41
.7 method of proof, esp. of syllogistic reasoning,λόγοι τὰς ἀγωγὰς ὑγιεῖς ἔχοντες Chrysipp.Stoic.2.84
, cf. Simp.in Ph. 759.14; line of argument, Plu.2.106b.9 Milit., manoeuvre, movement, Ascl.Tact.12.7 and 10; order of march, ib.11.8, cf. Ael.Tact.39.1.10 in Law, = Lat. actio, Cod.Just. 4.24.1, al. -
15 ἀμαθία
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16 ἀμπελουργικός
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμπελουργικός
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17 Ἑλληνικός
A Hellenic, Greek, Hdt.4.108, etc.3 τὸ Ἑ. the Greeks collectively, Hdt.7.139, al.; Greek soldiery, X.An.1.4.13.4 τὰ Ἑ. the history of Greek affairs, Th.1.97, etc.; title of works by X., Theopomp.Hist., etc.; Greek literature, App. BC4.67.II like the Greeks, οὐ.. πατρῷον τόνδ' ἐδεξάμην νόμον, οὐδ' Ἑ. E Alc.684, cf. Ar.Ach. 115, Plu.Luc.41: [comp] Comp.- ώτερος Id.Comp.Lyc.Num.1
;ἡ συγγνώμη τῆς τιμωρίας -ώτερον Lib.Ep.75.4
: [comp] Sup.- ώτατος D.19.308
, D.H.1.89. Adv. - κῶς in Greek fashion, Hdt.4.108, E.IT 660, Antiph.184.III pure Greek, οὐχ Ἑ. λέξις Orusap. Eust.859.55, cf. Ael.Dion.Fr. 207, S.E.M.1.187. Adv. - κῶς in pure Greek, opp. βαρβαρικῶς, Phld.Lib.p.13 O., cf. S.E.M.1.243, Porph. Abst.3.3.2 in Hellenistic Greek, opp. Ἀττικῶς, Moer.1, al.; but also, opp. κοινόν 'in common speech', Id.347,al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ἑλληνικός
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18 κηρός (2)
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wax' (Od.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16éme congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos IIp). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637Page in Frisk: 1,843-844Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρός (2)
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19 κομμόομαι
κομμόομαι, - όωGrammatical information: v.Derivatives: κόμμωμα `ornament' (Luc.), - ωσις `ornamentation' (Ath., H.); backformation κομμός περίεργος κόσμησις (Suid.); - ωτής `dresser' (Arr., Luc., Plu.) with κομμωτίζω ἐπιμελοῦμαι (Suid.), - ώτρια f. `servant-girl' (Ar., Plat.), - ώτριον `cleaning thing' (Ar.), - ωτικός `belonging to cleaning, polishing', - ωτική ( τέχνη) `art of cleaning' (Pl., hell.); κομμώ ἡ κοσμοῦσα τὸ ἕδος τῆς Άθηνᾶς ἱέρεια (AB).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As typical culture word κομμόω is suspected to be a fashionable innovation or loan. The similarity with κόσμος resp. κομψός led to attempts, to connect them: *κομμος dialectal for κόσμος (L. Meyer 2, 342); from *κομπ-μ-ος beside κομπ-σ-ος (= κομψός) as IE. variants (?; Brugmann IF 28, 359 A. 2); both not very convincing. Better was the idea of Solmsen, RhMus. 56, 501f., to find an innovation, from κομμώ, which would have hypocoristic gemination in *κομώ (: κομεῖν).Page in Frisk: 1,909Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κομμόομαι
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20 μάγειρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slaughterer, butcher, cook' (Att. hell.)Other forms: Dor. μάγῑρος ; Aeol. μάγοιροςCompounds: as 2. member e.g. in ἀρχι-μάγειρος `upper-cook' (LXX, J., Plu.).Derivatives: Rare fem. μαγείραινα (Pherecr. 84; momentary formation, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 109 n. 3, Chantraine Form. 108, da Costa Ramalho Emer. 18, 38), μαγείρισσα (LXX; da Costa Ramalho ibd. 42). Dimin. μαγειρίσκος m. (Ath.) with magiriscium `small figure of a b.' (Plin.). Adj. μαγειρικός `belonging to cook or butcher' (Ar., Pl., Arist.) with - ικόν, - ική `art of cooking, butcher taxes etc.'; μαγειρώδης `butcher-like' (Eun.). Denom. verb μαγειρεύω `be cook or butcher' (hell.) with μαγειρ-εῖον `butchery, cook-shop `(Arist., hell.), - εία f. `boiled food' (Cato, Hdn. Epim.), - ηΐα f. `butcher-taxes?' (Eresos), - ευμα = - εία (H., Eust.), - ευτικός (late).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Here prob. also Άπόλλων Μαγίριος (Cyprus). The profession μάγειρος seems from Doric as an element of higher culinary culture to have come to Attic (for older δαιτρός?); the notation ει indicates a closed ē-sound resp. an open ī-sound (Schwyzer 275 with Wackernagel IF 25, 326f., Kretschmer Glotta 3, 320, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190). The earlier history of the word is unknown. Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 1, 255ff. supposes Macedonian origin, connecting μάχαιρα (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 38 f.); Schwyzer 471 n. 12 reminds of Lat. mactare; cf. also Chantraine Form. 234. Not with earliers (Bq, WP. 2, 226, Pok. 696 f.; doubting Schwyzer l.c.) to μάσσω `knead'. - If the Aeolian form is correct Pre-Greek? - The word looks non-IE. Is it Pre-Greek, deriving from *mag-ary-?Page in Frisk: 2,156Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάγειρος
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culture — cul‧ture [ˈkʌltʆə ǁ ər] noun 1. [countable, uncountable] the ideas, beliefs, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a society: • Western culture places a high value on material wealth. 2. [countable, uncountable] the attitudes or… … Financial and business terms
culture — 1. Here is a word that had mixed fortunes in the 20c, and means all things to all men. There are about 128,000 examples of it (including the plural form and compounds such as culture bound) in the 500 million word Oxford English Corpus (language… … Modern English usage
Culture — Cul ture (k?l t?r; 135), n. [F. culture, L. cultura, fr. colere to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf. {Colony}.] 1. The act or practice of cultivating, or of preparing the earth for seed and raising crops by tillage; as, the culture of the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
culture — CULTURE. s. f. Les travaux qu on emploie pour rendre la terre plus fertile, et pour améliorer ses productions. La culture des champs. La culture des vignes, des plantes, des fleurs. Travailler, s adonner à la culture de ... Abandonner la culture… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
culture — (n.) mid 15c., the tilling of land, from M.Fr. culture and directly from L. cultura a cultivating, agriculture, figuratively care, culture, an honoring, from pp. stem of colere tend, guard, cultivate, till (see CULT (Cf. cult)). The figurative… … Etymology dictionary
culture — n 1 Culture, cultivation, breeding, refinement are comparable when they denote a quality of a person or group of persons which reflects his or their possession of excellent taste, manners, and social adjustment. Culture implies a high degree of… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
culture — Culture. s. f. v. Les façons qu on donne à la terre pour la rendre plus fertile, & aux arbres & aux plantes pour les faire mieux venir, & les faire mieux rapporter. La culture de la terre. la culture des vignes, des plantes. travailler à la… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
culture — [n1] breeding, education, sophistication ability, accomplishment, address, aestheticism, art, capacity, civilization, class, courtesy, cultivation, delicacy, dignity, discrimination, dress, elegance, elevation, enlightenment, erudition,… … New thesaurus
culture — [kul′chər] n. [ME < L cultura < colere: see CULT] 1. cultivation of the soil 2. production, development, or improvement of a particular plant, animal, commodity, etc. 3. a) the growth of bacteria, microorganisms, or other plant and animal… … English World dictionary