coarse

ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).

Prop.:

Neptuni corpus acerbum,

bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

Cic. de Sen. 15:

saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

ante diem edere partus acerbos,

premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —

Transf.

to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

Auct. Her. 4, 47;

to feeling, sharp, keen:

frigus,

bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.

Fig.

Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

Cic. Lael. 24:

posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

acerbissimi feneratores,

id. Att. 6, 1;

so of adversaries or enemies,

violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

acerbissimus hostis,

id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

acerbus odisti,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —

Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

in rebus acerbis,

Lucr. 3, 54:

acerbissimum supplicium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

acerbissima vexatio,

id. ib. 4, 1:

acerba memoria temporis,

id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

acerbum funus filiae,

id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).

Prop.:

Neptuni corpus acerbum,

bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

Cic. de Sen. 15:

saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

ante diem edere partus acerbos,

premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —

Transf.

to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

Auct. Her. 4, 47;

to feeling, sharp, keen:

frigus,

bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.

Fig.

Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

Cic. Lael. 24:

posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

acerbissimi feneratores,

id. Att. 6, 1;

so of adversaries or enemies,

violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

acerbissimus hostis,

id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

acerbus odisti,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —

Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

in rebus acerbis,

Lucr. 3, 54:

acerbissimum supplicium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

acerbissima vexatio,

id. ib. 4, 1:

acerba memoria temporis,

id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

acerbum funus filiae,

id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

ădĭpātus, a, um, adj. [adeps], filled or supplied with fat, fatty, greasy.

Lit.: puls, Lucil. ap. Charis. 73 and 74 P.; hence, absol.: ădĭpātum (sc. edulium), i, pastry prepared with fat (cf. Charis. l. c.):

livida materno fervent adipata veneno,

Juv. 6, 630.—

Trop. of discourse, coarse, gross:

opimum quoddam et tamquam adipatae orationis genus,

Cic. Or. 8, 25; also ap. Non. 69, 6 (al. adipale).

Aethĭŏps (i long, Aethīops, Sid. Carm. 11, 18), ŏpis, m., = Aithiops [the Gr. geographers derived this word from aithô-ôps, and applied it to all the sunburnt, dark-complexioned races above Egypt].

Subst., an Ethiopian, Plin. 2, 78, 80, § 189; Vulg. 2 Par. 12, 3; ib. Act. 8, 7.—

Appel.

A black man, negro:

derideat Aethiopem albus,

Juv. 2, 23:

Aethiopas videri,

Plin. 32, 10, 52, § 141.—

A coarse, dull, awkward man, a blockhead:

cum hoc homine an cum stipite Aethiope,

Cic. Sen. 6; Juv. 6, 600; Flor. 4, 7.—

Adj., Ethiopian; in the masc.:

Aethiopes lacus,

Ov. M. 15, 320:

vir Aethiops,

Vulg. Act. 8, 7.

ā̆grestis, e, adj. [id.].

Lit., pertaining to land, fields, or the country, country, rural, rustic, wild, agrios:

Musa,

Lucr. 5, 1397:

te in Arpinati videbimus et hospitio agresti accipiemus,

Cic. Att. 2, 16 fin.:

vestitus,

Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

falx,

Tib. 2, 5, 28 al.:

poma,

Verg. A. 7, 111:

cum lactucis agrestibus,

Vulg. Exod. 12, 8:

ligna non sunt pomifera, sed agrestia,

ib. Deut. 20, 20:

herbas agrestes,

ib. 4 Reg. 4, 39.— Subst.: ā̆grestis, is ( gen. plur. agrestūm, Ov. M. 14, 635), a countryman, rustic, farmer, peasant, Lucr. 5, 1382:

non est haec oratio habenda aut cum imperitā multitudine aut in aliquo conventu agrestium,

Cic. Mur. 29:

collectos armat agrestes,

Verg. A. 9, 11:

Fictilia antiquus primum sibi fecit agrestis Pocula,

Tib. 1, 1, 39:

facinus admissum a quodam agresti,

Tac. A. 4, 45:

inopes agrestes,

id. H. 2, 13; 4, 50.—

Transf., and in mal. part.

Rustic, in opp. to the refined citizen ( urbanus, as agrios is opp. to asteios), boorish, clownish, rude, uncultivated, coarse, wild, savage, barbarous, of persons and things:

sunt quidam vultu motuque corporis vasti atque agrestes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

O rem dignam, in quā non modo docti, verum etiam agrestes erubescant,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 41:

aborigines, genus hominum agreste,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

Ego ille agrestis, saevos, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax Duxi uxorem,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

quis nostrūm tam animo agresti ac duro fuit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 8:

dominus agrestis et furiosus,

id. Sen. 14:

exculto animo nihil agreste, nihil inhumanum est,

id. Att. 13, 45; so Ov. M. 11, 767:

rustica vox et agrestis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 11; 2, 3. —Hence, agrestiores Musae, ruder, of the language of the bar, in opp. to more refined and polished eloquence, Cic. Or. 3, 11.—

Wild, brutish:

vultus,

Ov. M. 9, 96:

agrestem detraxit ab ore figuram Juppiter (of Io),

Prop. 3, 31, 13.— Comp., v. above.—

* Sup. agrestissimus, Cassiod. Ep. 7, 4.—

* Adv. comp. neutr. agrestius, Spart. Hadr. 3.

crassus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. kart-, to spin; cf.: crates, cartilago, etc.]; as opp. to flowing, thin, lean, delicate, etc., solid, thick, dense, fat, gross, etc. (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

semina (opp. liquida),

Lucr. 4, 1259; cf.:

crassius semen,

id. 4, 1244:

corpus,

id. 6, 857:

unguentum,

Hor. A. P. 375:

paludes,

Verg. G. 2, 110:

cruor,

id. A. 5, 469:

aquae,

greatly swollen, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 8:

ager,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1; Cic. Fl. 29, 71; cf.:

terga (agri),

Verg. G. 2, 236:

homo,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 26:

turdi,

Mart. 2, 40:

toga,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 15; cf.

filum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 12, 2; Ov. H. 9, 77:

restis,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 38:

digiti crassi tres, as a measure,

Cato, R. R. 40, 4.—

Esp., of the atmosphere, thick, dense, heavy:

aër crassus et concretus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; cf.:

crassissimus aër,

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

caelum Thebis (opp. tenue Athenis),

id. Fat. 4, 7:

Baeotum in crasso jurares aëre natum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 244; Juv. 10, 50: caligo nubis, Lucr. [p. 478] 6, 461; cf.:

caliginis aër Crassior,

id. 4, 350 al.:

vitrum crassiore visu,

less transparent, Plin. 36, 26, 67, § 196.—

Trop. (rare;

not in Cic.): crassum infortunium,

i. e. a sound beating, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 53: senes, stupid, dull, Varr. ap. Non. p. 86, 24:

Ofellus Rusticus abnormis sapiens crassāque Minervā,

i. e. dull, stolid, Hor. S. 2, 2, 3; cf.:

crassiore ut vocant Musa,

Quint. 1, 10, 28:

turba,

uncultivated, Mart. 9, 23:

neglegentia,

stupid, clumsy, Dig. 22, 6, 6: crassiora nomina, more rude or barbarous, Mart. 12, 18, 12; cf. Gell. 13, 20, 15.—Hence, adv.: crassē (rare; not in Cic.), thickly.

Lit.:

picare vasa,

Col. 12, 44, 5; cf.

oblinere,

Scrib. Comp. 46.—

Grossly, rudely:

crasse illepideve compositum poëma (the figure taken from a coarse web),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 76.—Of precious stones, not clearly, dimly ( comp.), Plin. 37, 7, 31, § 106; 37, 8, 36, § 114.—Hence of the indistinct understanding of any thing, not clearly, confusedly:

crasse et summatim et obscure intellegere aliquid,

Sen. Ep. 121, 11.

Crassus, i, m., a family name in the gens Licinia. The most distinguished were,

L. Licinius Crassus, a celebrated orator, a contemporary of Cicero, Cic. Brut. 38, 143; id. Off. 1, 30, 108 et saep.; cf. id. Brut. prol. pp. 68-77 Ellendt.—

M. Licinius Crassus, the triumvir.—Hence, Crassĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the triumvir Crassus:

exercitūs clades (in the war with the Parthians),

Vell. 2, 82, 2; cf.:

Crassiana clades,

Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 47; Flor. 4, 9, 7.

crassus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. kart-, to spin; cf.: crates, cartilago, etc.]; as opp. to flowing, thin, lean, delicate, etc., solid, thick, dense, fat, gross, etc. (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

semina (opp. liquida),

Lucr. 4, 1259; cf.:

crassius semen,

id. 4, 1244:

corpus,

id. 6, 857:

unguentum,

Hor. A. P. 375:

paludes,

Verg. G. 2, 110:

cruor,

id. A. 5, 469:

aquae,

greatly swollen, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 8:

ager,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1; Cic. Fl. 29, 71; cf.:

terga (agri),

Verg. G. 2, 236:

homo,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 26:

turdi,

Mart. 2, 40:

toga,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 15; cf.

filum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 12, 2; Ov. H. 9, 77:

restis,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 38:

digiti crassi tres, as a measure,

Cato, R. R. 40, 4.—

Esp., of the atmosphere, thick, dense, heavy:

aër crassus et concretus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; cf.:

crassissimus aër,

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

caelum Thebis (opp. tenue Athenis),

id. Fat. 4, 7:

Baeotum in crasso jurares aëre natum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 244; Juv. 10, 50: caligo nubis, Lucr. [p. 478] 6, 461; cf.:

caliginis aër Crassior,

id. 4, 350 al.:

vitrum crassiore visu,

less transparent, Plin. 36, 26, 67, § 196.—

Trop. (rare;

not in Cic.): crassum infortunium,

i. e. a sound beating, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 53: senes, stupid, dull, Varr. ap. Non. p. 86, 24:

Ofellus Rusticus abnormis sapiens crassāque Minervā,

i. e. dull, stolid, Hor. S. 2, 2, 3; cf.:

crassiore ut vocant Musa,

Quint. 1, 10, 28:

turba,

uncultivated, Mart. 9, 23:

neglegentia,

stupid, clumsy, Dig. 22, 6, 6: crassiora nomina, more rude or barbarous, Mart. 12, 18, 12; cf. Gell. 13, 20, 15.—Hence, adv.: crassē (rare; not in Cic.), thickly.

Lit.:

picare vasa,

Col. 12, 44, 5; cf.

oblinere,

Scrib. Comp. 46.—

Grossly, rudely:

crasse illepideve compositum poëma (the figure taken from a coarse web),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 76.—Of precious stones, not clearly, dimly ( comp.), Plin. 37, 7, 31, § 106; 37, 8, 36, § 114.—Hence of the indistinct understanding of any thing, not clearly, confusedly:

crasse et summatim et obscure intellegere aliquid,

Sen. Ep. 121, 11.

Crassus, i, m., a family name in the gens Licinia. The most distinguished were,

L. Licinius Crassus, a celebrated orator, a contemporary of Cicero, Cic. Brut. 38, 143; id. Off. 1, 30, 108 et saep.; cf. id. Brut. prol. pp. 68-77 Ellendt.—

M. Licinius Crassus, the triumvir.—Hence, Crassĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the triumvir Crassus:

exercitūs clades (in the war with the Parthians),

Vell. 2, 82, 2; cf.:

Crassiana clades,

Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 47; Flor. 4, 9, 7.

densus, a, um, adj. [kindred with dasus, daulos (i. e. dasulos); cf. Lat. dumus, old form dusmus, and dumetum], thick, dense, i. e. consisting of parts crowded together. opp. to rarus (on the contrary, crassus, thick, is opp. to thin, fluid; and spissus, close, compact, with the predominant idea of impenetrability; cf. also: angustus, artus, solidus—class. and freq., esp. in poets and historians; in Cic. very rare).

Lit.

In space:

ne dum variantia rerum Tanta queat densis rarisque ex ignibus esse,

Lucr. 1, 654; cf. Verg. G. 1, 419 (for which densatus et laxatus aër, Quint. 5, 9, 16); and:

(terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,

Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.: densa et glutinosa terra, Col. praef. § 24: silva, poëta ap. Cic. Att. 12, 15; cf.:

densiores silvae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

densissimae silvae,

id. ib. 4, 38, 3:

lucus densissimae opacitatis,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 10:

denso corpore nubes,

Lucr. 6, 361; cf.:

denso agmine,

id. 6, 100; so,

agmen (sc. navium),

Verg. A. 5, 834:

densum umeris vulgus,

Hor. Od. 2, 13, 32 et saep.:

tunicae,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77:

zmaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68:

litus,

sandy, Ov. M. 2, 576; cf. Verg. G. 2, 275:

aequor,

i. e. frozen. Luc. 2, 640:

aër,

Hor. Od. 2, 7, 14; cf.

caelum,

Cels. 1 praef.; 3, 22:

nimbi,

Ov. M. 1, 269:

caligo,

Verg. A. 12, 466; cf.:

densissima nox,

pitch-dark night, Ov. M. 15, 31: umbra, Catull. 65, 13; Hor. Od. 1, 7, 20 et saep.—

Without distinction, corresp. with crassus,

Lucr. 6, 246 al. —

Poet. with abl., thickly set with, covered with, full of: loca silvestribus sepibus densa, poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 42 fin.; cf.:

specus virgis ac vimine,

Ov. M. 3, 29:

vallis piceis et acuta cupressu,

id. ib. 3, 155:

Thybris verticibus,

id. F. 6, 502:

ficus pomis,

id. ib. 2, 253:

corpora setis,

id. M. 13, 846; cf. id. Am. 3, 1, 32:

femina crinibus emptis,

id. A. A. 3, 165:

funale lampadibus,

id. M. 12, 247: trames [p. 547] caligine opaca (coupled with obscurus), id. ib. 10, 54 et saep.—

Transf., of the parts themselves which are crowded together, thick, close, set close:

superiorem partem collis densissimis castris (sc. trinis) compleverant,

pitched very near together, Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

sepes,

id. ib. 2, 22:

frutices,

Ov. M. 1, 122:

ilex,

id. F. 2, 165 et saep.:

hostes,

Verg. A. 2, 511:

ministri,

id. M. 2, 717:

densior suboles,

Verg. G. 3, 308:

dens (pectinis),

Tib. 1, 9, 68:

comae,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 42; cf.

pilae,

id. F. 2, 348 et saep.— Poet.:

densorum turba malorum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 41.—

In time, of things which take place in close succession, thick, frequent, continuous (mostly poet.):

ictus,

Verg. A. 5, 459; cf.

plagae,

Hor. Od. 3, 5, 31:

Aquilo,

strong, powerful, Verg. G. 3, 196:

silentia,

deep, profound, Val. Fl. 3, 604:

amores,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

pericula,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 15:

usus,

id. ib. 4, 3, 15:

ictus,

Amm. 15, 5, 31. —

Trop. of speech, condensed, concise:

vox atrox in ira, et aspera ac densa,

coarse, Quint. 11, 3, 63:

tanta vis in eo (sc. Demosthene) tam densa omnia, etc.,

id. 10, 1, 76; cf. transf. to the writer himself: densior ille (sc. Demosthenes), hic (sc. Cicero) copiosior, ib. § 106: densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides, ib. § 73: (Euripides) sententiis densus, ib. § 68.— Adv.: densē (very rare).

In space, thickly, closely, close together:

caesae alni,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

calcatum quam densissime,

Vitr. 5, 12 med.:

milites densius se commovebant,

Amm. 24, 6, 8.—

(Acc. to no. I. B. 2.) In time, frequently, rapidly, one after the other:

quod in perpetuitate dicendi eluceat aliquando, idem apud alios densius, apud alios fortasse rarius,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

nulla tamen subeunt mihi tempora densius istis,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 11:

replicatis quaestionibus dense,

Amm. 29, 3 fin.

fīlum, i. n. (also filus, i, m., acc. to Arn. 1, 36 dub., plur. heterocl., fili, Luc. 6, 460) [for figlum, v. figo], a thread of any thing woven (of linen or woolen cloth, a cobweb, etc.).

Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.; Enn. ap. Non. 116, 6 (Ann. v. 259 ed. Vahl.); Verg. A. 6, 30; Ov. A. A. 3, 445; id. M. 4, 36; Mart. 6, 3, 5; Cels. 7, 16:

lumen candelae cujus tempero filum,

wick, Juv. 3, 287:

tenuia aranei,

a web, Lucr. 3, 383:

tineae,

Ov. M. 15, 372.— Poet., of the thread of life spun by the Fates:

sororum fila trium,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 16; Verg. A. 10, 815; Ov. M. 2, 654; id. Tr. 5, 10, 45; Sil. 4, 28; Mart. 10, 5, 10 al.— Prov.: pendere filo (tenui), to hang by a thread, for to be in great danger: hac noctu filo pendebit Etruria tota, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4, § 18 (Ann. v. 153 ed. Vahl.):

omnia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 35; Val. Max. 6, 4, 1.—

In partic., the fillet of wool wound round the upper part of the flamen's cap, similar to the stemma of the Greeks; hence, in gen., a priest's fillet: APICVLVM, filum, quo flamines velatum apicem gerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll.:

legatus capite velato filo (lanae velamen est), Audi, Juppiter, inquit, etc.,

Liv. 1, 32, 6:

filo velatus,

Tib. 1, 5, 15.—

Transf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of any thing slender and drawn out like a thread, a string, cord, filament, fibre:

tractat inauratae consona fila lyrae,

the strings, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 60; so,

lyrae,

id. M. 5, 118:

sonantia,

id. ib. 10, 89:

croci,

i. e. the stamen, id. F. 1, 342:

foliorum exilitas usque in fila attenuata,

Plin. 21, 6, 16, § 30; 11, 15, 15, § 39. —

Plur., shreds, slices, remnants:

fila sectivi porri,

Juv. 14, 133:

porris fila resecta suis,

Mart. 11, 52:

fila Tarentini graviter redolentia porri edisti,

id. 13, 18.—

I. q. crassitudo, the density, compactness, compact shape, or, in gen., contour, form, shape of an object:

forma quoque hinc solis debet filumque videri,

Lucr. 5, 571, v. Lachm. ad h. 1.; cf. id. 5, 581; 2, 341; 4, 88:

mulieris,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 15:

corporis,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 4 Müll.; Gell. 1, 9, 2; Amm. 14, 11, 28:

forma atque filo virginali,

id. 14, 4, 2:

ingeniosus est et bono filo,

Petr. 46.—

Trop. (cf. the preced. no.), of speech, texture, sort, quality, nature, style (class.):

ego hospiti veteri et amico munusculum mittere (volui) levidense, crasso filo, cujusmodi ipsius solent esse munera,

i. e. of coarse texture, Cic. Fam. 9, 12, 2; cf.:

argumentandi tenue filum,

id. Or. 36, 124:

tenui deducta poëmata filo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 225; cf.:

gracili connectere carmina filo, Col. poët. 10, 227: paulo uberiore filo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 93:

orationis,

id. ib. 3, 26, 103:

aliud quoddam filum orationis tuae (= oratio uberior),

id. Lael. 7, 25.

hŏlus (better than ŏlus; archaic he-lus; cf.: helus et helusa antiqui dicebant, quod nunc holus et holera, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll. A form, holu, anciently helu, can be inferred from helvola, helvella, and olvatum; v. Müll. Paul. ex Fest. p. 203, b), ĕris ( gen. plur. holerorum for holerum, Lucil. ap. Non. 490, 25; dat. plur. holeris for holeribus, Cato, R. R.), n. [Sanscr. haris, green; Gr. chloê; cf.: helvus. helvola, Helvius; O. H. Germ. grucni; Germ. grün; Engl. green, etc.].

Kitchen or garden herbs of any kind; vegetables, esp. cabbage, colewort, turnips, greens, Varr. R. R. 1, 16 fin.; Col. 2, 10, 22; Verg. G. 4, 130: pomum, holus, ficum, uvam, Afran. ap. Macr. S. 2, 16: donec Discoqueretur holus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 74:

prandere,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 13:

silvestre,

Plin. 22, 22, 38, § 80:

marinum,

sea-cale, id. 29, 4, 25, § 80:

semper holus metimus,

Calp. Ecl. 2, 74:

Syria in hortis operosissima, venitque in proverbium Graecis, multa Syrorum holera,

Plin. 20, 5, 16, § 33.—Prov. for a coarse or humble meal, plain diet:

melius est vocari ad olera cum caritate quam ad vitulum saginatum cum odio,

Vulg. Prov. 16, 17:

qui infirmus est olus manducet,

ib. Rom. 14, 2.—

Holus atrum, also joined into one word, holusatrum (in gen. holeris atri and holusatri), n., a plant, called also Smyrnium holusatrum, Linn.; Col. 11, 3, 18; id. 12, 7, 1; Plin. 19, 8, 48, § 162; id. 19, 12, 62, § 187;

called also: holus pullum,

Col. 10, 123.