unripe

* * *

ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).

Prop.:

Neptuni corpus acerbum,

bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

Cic. de Sen. 15:

saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

ante diem edere partus acerbos,

premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —

Transf.

to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

Auct. Her. 4, 47;

to feeling, sharp, keen:

frigus,

bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.

Fig.

Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

Cic. Lael. 24:

posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

acerbissimi feneratores,

id. Att. 6, 1;

so of adversaries or enemies,

violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

acerbissimus hostis,

id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

acerbus odisti,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —

Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

in rebus acerbis,

Lucr. 3, 54:

acerbissimum supplicium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

acerbissima vexatio,

id. ib. 4, 1:

acerba memoria temporis,

id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

acerbum funus filiae,

id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).

Prop.:

Neptuni corpus acerbum,

bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

Cic. de Sen. 15:

saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

ante diem edere partus acerbos,

premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —

Transf.

to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

Auct. Her. 4, 47;

to feeling, sharp, keen:

frigus,

bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.

Fig.

Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

Cic. Lael. 24:

posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

acerbissimi feneratores,

id. Att. 6, 1;

so of adversaries or enemies,

violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

acerbissimus hostis,

id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

acerbus odisti,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —

Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

in rebus acerbis,

Lucr. 3, 54:

acerbissimum supplicium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

acerbissima vexatio,

id. ib. 4, 1:

acerba memoria temporis,

id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

acerbum funus filiae,

id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

* * *

green, fresh, immature, untimely / undigested / harsh

bleeding / raw, uncooked / unripe / unprepared food

crūdus, a, um, adj. [root kru-, of Gr. kruos; cf. cruor, crudelis], bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood, etc.

Prop. (so rare):

vulnus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11:

vulnera,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—

Transf.

Of food, raw, not cooked: quid tu curas, utrum [p. 485] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

exta,

Liv. 29, 27, 5:

carnem mandere,

Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of undigested food:

pavo,

Juv. 1, 143; cf.

trop.: lectio non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

Quint. 10, 1, 19;

and, alvus,

Cato, R. R. 125:

qui crudum ructat,

i. e. when undigested food rises in the stomach, Cels. 1, 2; v. ructo.— Transf., of persons suffering from indigestion, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61:

crudior,

Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. cruditas; so,

bos,

Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a pun, Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—

In gen., of all physical or moral crudeness, immaturity, roughness, etc.

Lit.

Unripe, immature, crude:

poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et cocta, decidunt,

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

pruna (opp. maturissima),

Col. 12, 10, 3:

muria (opp. matura),

id. 12, 6, 2 al.:

palmes,

Luc. 4, 317 (viridis, Schol.);

of an abscess,

not mature, Cels. 5, 28, 11:

puella,

Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12:

funera nepotis,

premature, early, Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478:

amor,

yet young, fresh, id. Th. 2, 341; cf.:

crudum adhuc servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.:

adhuc studia,

Petr. 4:

crudi sine viribus anni,

Sil. 12, 348:

juventus,

not yet armed, id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—

Opp. to age, and the weakness arising from age, fresh, vigorous:

jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus,

Verg. A. 6, 304;

imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac viridis senectus,

Tac. Agr. 29: cf.

meus,

Sil. 5, 569.—

Unprepared, immature, raw, crude:

crudum et immotum solum,

Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179:

pix,

Col. 12, 20, 6:

corium,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for which, poet., taurus, Val. Fl. 4, 250;

and, caestus,

made of raw hide, undressed leather, Verg. A. 5, 69:

rudis cortice crudo hasta,

id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, unpolished, rude:

junctura addita crudis (numeris),

Pers. 1, 92 (cf.:

si forte aliquid decoctius audis,

id. 1, 125).—Of the voice, rough, hoarse:

quia crudus fuerit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—

Trop.

Raw, not prepared or matured:

ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae tradatur,

Quint. 10, 1, 19.—

Rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless ( poet.).

Of personal subjects:

dicat me Crudum virum esse,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240:

Getae,

id. Tr. 5, 3, 8:

cena, crude Thyesta, tua,

Mart. 4, 49, 4:

crudus et leti artifex,

Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,

Of things as subjects:

bella,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58:

ensis,

Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342:

tyrannis,

Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum pistrinum, most rude, uncultivated, Cassius ap. Suet. Aug. 4.— Adv. not in use.

grossus, i, m. and f., an unripe fig, Cato, R. R. 94; Cels. 5, 12; Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125; 17, 27, 43, § 254.

grossus, a, um, adj. [kindred with crassus], thick (late Lat.):

virga,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 10, 33.— Comp.:

vestis grossior,

Sulp. Sev. Dal. 1, 21; Vulg. Ezech. 41, 25; 1 Reg. 12, 10; 2 Chron. 10, 10.— Sup., Cassiod. in Psa. 29, 12; cf.: grossus pachus, Gloss. Philox.—Hence, adv. only comp.: gros-sĭus, more roughly:

definire,

Aug. de Duab. Anim. 11, 15.

grossus, i, m. and f., an unripe fig, Cato, R. R. 94; Cels. 5, 12; Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125; 17, 27, 43, § 254.

grossus, a, um, adj. [kindred with crassus], thick (late Lat.):

virga,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 10, 33.— Comp.:

vestis grossior,

Sulp. Sev. Dal. 1, 21; Vulg. Ezech. 41, 25; 1 Reg. 12, 10; 2 Chron. 10, 10.— Sup., Cassiod. in Psa. 29, 12; cf.: grossus pachus, Gloss. Philox.—Hence, adv. only comp.: gros-sĭus, more roughly:

definire,

Aug. de Duab. Anim. 11, 15.

immātūrus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmaturus], untimely, before the season, unripe, immature (class.).

Lit., of plants and fruits:

pira,

Cels. 2, 30:

frons,

Quint. 12, 6, 2:

amomis,

Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 49.—

Transf., of other things:

vomica,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 14:

infans immaturus est editus,

Suet. Aug. 63:

puellae,

i. e. not yet marriageable, id. Tib. 61:

virgo,

Dig. 47, 10, 25:

sponsa,

ib. 24, 1, 32, § 27:

mors,

untimely, premature, Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 119; cf. id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 89; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4:

interitus C. Gracchi,

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

obitus,

Suet. Calig. 8:

iter mortis,

Prop. 3, 7, 2:

funus,

Quint. 6 praef. § 3; cf.:

filius obiit,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 59:

puella,

early dead, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 17:

ossa,

Tib. 2, 6, 29; Quint. 11, 1, 32:

consilium,

Liv. 22, 38, 11; Suet. Aug. 8:

abi hinc cum inmaturo amore ad sponsum,

unseasonable, Liv. 1, 26, 4.— Adv.: immātūrē, untimely, immaturely, Col. 11, 2, 3; Vell. 2, 116; Sen. Suas. 1 fin.—Comp., App. M. 6, p. 180.

immātūrus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmaturus], untimely, before the season, unripe, immature (class.).

Lit., of plants and fruits:

pira,

Cels. 2, 30:

frons,

Quint. 12, 6, 2:

amomis,

Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 49.—

Transf., of other things:

vomica,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 14:

infans immaturus est editus,

Suet. Aug. 63:

puellae,

i. e. not yet marriageable, id. Tib. 61:

virgo,

Dig. 47, 10, 25:

sponsa,

ib. 24, 1, 32, § 27:

mors,

untimely, premature, Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 119; cf. id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 89; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4:

interitus C. Gracchi,

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

obitus,

Suet. Calig. 8:

iter mortis,

Prop. 3, 7, 2:

funus,

Quint. 6 praef. § 3; cf.:

filius obiit,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 59:

puella,

early dead, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 17:

ossa,

Tib. 2, 6, 29; Quint. 11, 1, 32:

consilium,

Liv. 22, 38, 11; Suet. Aug. 8:

abi hinc cum inmaturo amore ad sponsum,

unseasonable, Liv. 1, 26, 4.— Adv.: immātūrē, untimely, immaturely, Col. 11, 2, 3; Vell. 2, 116; Sen. Suas. 1 fin.—Comp., App. M. 6, p. 180.

lāmĭna or lammĭna, and sync. lamna (e. g. Hor. C. 2, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 15, 36; Val. Fl. 1, 123; Vitr. 7, 9; also,

lamina,

id. 5, 3), ae, f., a thin piece of metal, wood, marble, etc., a plate, leaf, layer, lamina [root la, = ela- of elaunô; cf. elatos].

Lit. (class.):

cum lamina esset inventa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

tigna laminis clavisque religant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3:

cataphracta rum tegimen ferreis laminis consertum,

Tac. H. 1, 79:

plumbi,

Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 166:

ex argento laminas ducere,

id. 33, 9, 45, § 128; cf.:

aes in laminas tenuare,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

ossa in laminas secare,

id. 8, 3, 4, § 7:

tenuem nimium laminam ducere,

Quint. 2, 4, 7:

argutae lamina serrae,

the blade of a saw, Verg. G. 1, 143; of a knife, Sen. Ben. 4, 6, 2; of a sword, Ov. M. 5, 173; 12, 488:

doliorum,

i. e. staves, Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 236 (Jahn, lanas):

laminae aëneae,

Vulg. Exod. 38, 6.—

Transf.

Laminae ardentes, red-hot plates, instruments of torture for slaves, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163; so,

candens,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 36; without adj.:

advorsum laminas, crucesque conpedisque,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 4; Lucr. 3, 1017.—

Money coin: et levis argenti lamina crimen [p. 1032] erat, Ov. F. 1, 209; cf.

fulva,

a gold piece, gold, id. M. 11, 124:

inimicus lamnae,

foe to money, Hor. C. 2, 2, 2:

tuas opes... laminas utriusque materiae,

of each precious metal, Sen. Ben. 7, 10, 1.—

A saw, Sen. Ben. 4, 6.—

Aurium, the flap of the ear, Arn. 2, 72:

aurium laminae frigescunt,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 14, 198.—

The tender shell of an unripe nut, Ov. Nux, 95.

lāmĭna or lammĭna, and sync. lamna (e. g. Hor. C. 2, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 15, 36; Val. Fl. 1, 123; Vitr. 7, 9; also,

lamina,

id. 5, 3), ae, f., a thin piece of metal, wood, marble, etc., a plate, leaf, layer, lamina [root la, = ela- of elaunô; cf. elatos].

Lit. (class.):

cum lamina esset inventa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

tigna laminis clavisque religant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3:

cataphracta rum tegimen ferreis laminis consertum,

Tac. H. 1, 79:

plumbi,

Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 166:

ex argento laminas ducere,

id. 33, 9, 45, § 128; cf.:

aes in laminas tenuare,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

ossa in laminas secare,

id. 8, 3, 4, § 7:

tenuem nimium laminam ducere,

Quint. 2, 4, 7:

argutae lamina serrae,

the blade of a saw, Verg. G. 1, 143; of a knife, Sen. Ben. 4, 6, 2; of a sword, Ov. M. 5, 173; 12, 488:

doliorum,

i. e. staves, Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 236 (Jahn, lanas):

laminae aëneae,

Vulg. Exod. 38, 6.—

Transf.

Laminae ardentes, red-hot plates, instruments of torture for slaves, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163; so,

candens,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 36; without adj.:

advorsum laminas, crucesque conpedisque,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 4; Lucr. 3, 1017.—

Money coin: et levis argenti lamina crimen [p. 1032] erat, Ov. F. 1, 209; cf.

fulva,

a gold piece, gold, id. M. 11, 124:

inimicus lamnae,

foe to money, Hor. C. 2, 2, 2:

tuas opes... laminas utriusque materiae,

of each precious metal, Sen. Ben. 7, 10, 1.—

A saw, Sen. Ben. 4, 6.—

Aurium, the flap of the ear, Arn. 2, 72:

aurium laminae frigescunt,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 14, 198.—

The tender shell of an unripe nut, Ov. Nux, 95.

mellīgo, ĭnis, f. [mel].

A honey-like juice, sucked by the bees from flowers, but not yet made into honey, bee-glue, bees'rosin, hive-dross (post-Aug.), Plin. 11, 6, 5, § 14; 16, 7, 10, § 28.—

The juice of unripe grapes:

uvae,

Plin. 12, 27, 60, § 131.