-
101 ἴννος 2
ἴννος 2Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `(young) mule', = γίννος (Arist.; more on the meaning in H. s. v. and Meister KZ 32, 143ff., with a wrong etymology).Compounds: As 2. member prob. in ὄν-ιννος name of an animal, s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like γίννος unexplained foreign word with hypocoristic gemination. Assuming a basic *ἴσνος Brugmann IF 22, 197ff. (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 2, 351, where onomatopoet. origin is considered) through Pont. * išno- to connect Arm. ēš, pl. išan-k` `ass'. - Lat. LW [loanword] hinnus with h- after hinnīre. Cf. on ὄνος.Page in Frisk: 1,727-728Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴννος 2
-
102 ἴσος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `equal' in number, strength, size, status etc. (Il.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e. g. ἰσό-θεος `god-like' (Il.), hypostasis of ἴσος θεῳ̃ or bahuvrihi `having gods as equals' (Risch 170; cf. Sommer IF 55, 195 n. 2), ἰσό-πεδον `plain' (Il.), ἰσό-πεδος `with the same level, as high' (Hdt., Hp.; cf. Risch IF 59, 15), ἰσ-ηγορίη, - ία `equal richt to speak, equal civil rights' (IA; compound of ἴσον ἀγορᾶσθαι); on ἰσοφαρίζω s. v.; as 2. member e. g. in ἄ(ν)-ισος `unequal, unfair' (IA).Derivatives: ἰσότης `equality' (Pl., Arist.), ἰσάκις `as often' (Pl.), ἰσαχῶς `in as many ways' (Arist.); denomin. verbs: ἰσάζω `make, be equal' (Il.) with ἰσασμός (Epicur.) and ἰσαστικός (Eust.); ἰσόομαι, - όω `become, make equal' (since η 212); ἰσαίομαι `be (made) equal' (Nic., Arat.); on the denomin. Schwyzer 727 a. 734.Etymology: As to the formation ϜίσϜος, from which ep. ἶσος (cf. on the digamma Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 144; the apparent vowel-prothesis ἐ-(Ϝ)ίση is artificial, Beekes Development 65f), Att. ἴσος, agrees with *μόνϜος (\> μοῦνος, μόνος), *ὅλϜος (\> οὖλος, ὅλος) a. o.; further analysis is uncertain. As IE -su̯- was not retained in Greek, the comparison with Skt.viṣu- `to several sides' (Curtius 378) must be given up. Phonetically a basic *Ϝιτσ-Ϝος (cf. Schwyzer 308) would do but the morphological connection to a zero grade *Ϝιδσ- from εἶδος `shape' (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 205) is hypothetical. - Diff. Meillet BSL 26, 12f. (to δύω; against this Kretschmer Glotta 16, 195), Jacobsohn Hermes 44, 88ff. (to u̯ei-s- `bow, bend'; against this Brugmann IF 28, 365ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,737-738Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴσος
-
103 κημός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `muzzle, wicker top of the voting urn, vessel for fishing, cover for nose and mouth etc.' (A., S., Ar., X.; on the meaning Schenkl WuS 5, 172ff.).Dialectal forms: Dor. κᾱμόςDerivatives: κημόω `put on a muzzle, tie up a mouth' (X., 1 Ep. Kor. 9, 9, sch.) with κήμωσις φίμωσις H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. The formally possible connection with Arm. k` amem `press (out)' (Petersson KZ 47, 284) is hard to combine with the further prob. basic meaning `wicker'. The same holds for wods from a Balto-Slavic and Germanic group with the meaning `press (together) etc.', which also differs in the vowel, e. g. Lith. kãmanos pl. `harness with bit', Russ. kom `clump', MHG hemmen, hamen `hold up, bind, hemmen' etc. etc. (Pok. 555, Fraenkel s. kãmanos, Vasmer s. kom). Lat. quālum `wicker basket' (Prellwitz1) has a diff. initial, s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Specht Ursprung 263 n. 4 to χάβος `muzzle' (sch.Ar.Eq. 1147). Diff. Wood ClassPhil. 21, 341 (to OHG hamo `cover' etc.). - From Dor. καμός came Lat. cāmus `muzzle', from κημός Osman. Arab. ǵem `bit, mouth-piece of the harness, bridle', from where NGr. τὸ γέμι `bridle' (Maidhof Glotta 10, 9). - The connection with χάβος is of course blameless; it points to μ \/ β in Pre-Greek (Fur. 203-227); Fur. 220 who cites χαβός - χαμός (s.v.) both adjectives; Furnée seems to suggest that these words are the same as our word (where he is clearly following Frisk's presentation), which is clearly wrong; also he is incomplete as he does not cite κημός.Page in Frisk: 1,841Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κημός
-
104 κλαγγή
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Dat. also κλαγγ-ί (Ibyc. 56; s. below)Derivatives: κλαγγηδόν `with crying' (Β 463; Haas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 133), κλαγγώδης `full of sound, shrill' (Hp., Gal.). Besides κλάζω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, ἐκ-, aor. κλάγξαι `sound, resound, cry' (Il.), also κλαγεῖν (B. 16, 127, h. Hom. 19, 14, E. u. a.), fut. κλάγξω (A.), perf. κεκλήγοντες (Aeolising) and κεκληγώς, - ῶτες (Hom.; Schwyzer 540 n. 4, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 430f.), κέκλᾱγα (Alcm. 7), κέκλαγγα (Ar., X.), perfect future κεκλάγξομαι (Ar.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Isolated presents: κλαγγαίνω (A. Eu. 131), - άνω (S.), - έω (Theoc. Ep. 6, 5), - άζω (Poll., Porph.). - To κλαγεῖν: κλαγερός `crying' (AP). As yot-present κλάζω may come from *κλάγγ-ι̯ω from a root noun κλάγγ-, which is seen in κλαγγ-ί (or innovation?); but it could also be a primary nasal present, with - ζω from the sound-verbs ( ὀλολύζω, οἰμώζω a. o.; cf. Schwyzer 716). The non-present forms κλάγξαι, κλάγξω, κέκλαγγα are anyhow innovations. In function κλαγγ-ή is a verbal noun (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 11f.). In κλαγεῖν and κέκληγα original primary nasalless forms may have been preserved, but analogical innovation with loss of the nsal is not impossible (Leumann Celtica 3, 248). - A direct comparison (except for - ζω) is Lat. clangō `cry' (almost only present), with which OIc. hlakka `cry' (with assimilation nk \> kk) may agree. The words belong to a widespread group of soundword (but καλεῖν and κέλαδος do not belong here; cf. the material in Bq, Pok. 599f., W.-Hofmann s. clangō. Note that an IE * klag- is impossible (* klh₂g- wouldhave given in Greek *κλᾱγ-; a form * klh₂eng- gives *καλαγγ-). Schwyzer 692 assumes expressive nasalization, but this does not help as *κλαγ- cannot be generated. Cf. Fur. 274. Is the basic form Pre-Greek?See also: - S. auch κλώζω.Page in Frisk: 1,863-864Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλαγγή
-
105 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
-
106 κνέωρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a stinging plant, `Daphne, Thymelaea' (Thphr., Dsc., Plin., H.) with κ\<ν\> εωρεῖν πασχητιᾶν H.? (cf. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 42).Other forms: - ον n.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like synonymous κνῆστρον connected with κνῆν (s. - κναίω), but the formation remains unclear. A basic form *κνη[σ]ορος ( κνησ-: Skt. ki-knasa- `case-shot, coal-dust, grit' etc.; against this Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.) with suffixal - ορο- does not convince.Page in Frisk: 1,882Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνέωρος
-
107 κορδύ̄λη
κορδύ̄ληGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `tumour, swelling' (Semon. 35, EM); name of a hairdress = Att. κρωβύλος (Kreon ap. Sch. Ar. Nu. 10, EM); `club, κορύνη, ῥόπαλον' (H.). (Frisk notes that the meaning is the same as that of τύλη, which is irrelevant.)Other forms: also σκορδύλη (Arist.) and κορύδῡλις (Numen. ap. Ath.).Compounds: as 1. member (with syllable-dissimilation) in κορδυ-βαλλῶδες ( πέδον, Luc. Trag. 222) `pavimentum'; `younger tunny' (Str., cordȳla Plin., Mart., cordula Apic.; on the meaning Thompson Fishes s. v.).Derivatives: Denomin. ptc. ἐγκεκορδυλημένος `εντετυλιγμένος, rolled in, together' (Ar. Nu. 10). Formation as κανθύλη, σχενδύλη (Chantraine Formation 251), but further unclear. - The meaning `younger tunny' can go back on `club', s. Strömberg Fischnamen 36; on the variant with σκ- Schwyzer 334; whether κορύδυλις has an anaptyctic υ (Strömberg l. c.) or from connection with κόρυς a. rel., is diff. to say.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On the meaning s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 450. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 117f. assumes a cross of κόνδυλος with κόρυς, κορυφή, κόρση, resp. with κορύνη; such proposals are mostly incorrect. The connection with κόρδαξ, κραδάω (since Curtius) is semantically in the air; a basic meaning "turned" for κορδύλη in the sense of `τύλη, `a hairdress' (WP. 2, 567) is no less arbitrary. Still diff. Persson Beiträge 1, 166 n. 4 (to κόρθυς etc.). - The prothetic σ- and the suffix -ῡλ-, and the anaptyctic υ (Fur. 384), point to Pre-Greek. It nay have κορδ- from *καρδ- with ο \< α.Page in Frisk: 1,918Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορδύ̄λη
-
108 κοττίς
Meaning: `hairdress with long hair on the forehead' (Poll., H., Phot.).Other forms: - ίδος f. Dor. for κεφαλή (Poll., H., Phot.); also κοτίς (Hp.), = `ἰνίον, παρεγκεφαλίς' (Gal.), `τῆς κεφαλῆς ἡ κορυφή' (Erot.).Compounds: As 2. member in προκοττίς ἡ χαίτη H. and προκόττα f. (dor.)Derivatives: κόττικοι αἱ περικεφαλαῖαι; κοττάρια τὰ ἄκρα τῆς κέγχρου H. - Beside it κόττος = κύβος ( Cod. Just.), κοττός ( κόττος) ὄρνις. καὶ οἱ ἀλεκτρυόνες κοττοὶ διὰ τὸν ἐπὶ τῃ̃ κεφαλῃ̃ λόφον (cf. NGr. κόττα `chicken'); κοττοβολεῖν τὸ παρατηρεῖν τινα ὄρνιν H. On κόττος as name of a river-fish (Arist. HA 534a 1) s. Strömberg Fischnamen 119 (after the cock). - PN Κοττίς, Κότταλος, - άλη (Herod.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Connection with κοτύλη `bowl, dish' is a guess. For a basic *κοτϜ-ίς (Scheftelowitz BB 28, 146) there is no support; rather in this popular diminut. an expressive gemination. - Acc. to Hubschmid Romance Philology 6, 190ff. these words (incl. κοτύλη) come from a pre-IE. hispano-caucasian language-group and have in Iberoromance, in Basque and elsewhere several cognates; orig. meaning `concave or convex rounding', from where `vessel' (\> `head'), also `hill, head' etc. Unhappily most concrete objects can be brought under such a denominator. - Here acc. to Hubschmid also κότταβος as orig. vessel-name. - Diff. on κόττος Mann Lang. 28, 35. - Fur. 362 connects κοτ(τ) ίς, ( προ)κόττα with σκύτη κεφαλή H.(?); the geminate would point to Pre-Greek..Page in Frisk: 1,933Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοττίς
-
109 κραῖρα
Grammatical information: f.Compounds: Further only as 2, member: ὀρθό-κραιρα `with upright standing horns, beaks' ( βοῶν, νεῶν ὀρθο-κραιράων Hom., verse-end); ἐυ-κραιρα `with beautiful horns' (βουσὶν ἐϋκραίρῃσιν h. Merc. 209); ἡμί-κραιρα `half head, half-head' (com., inscr.); μελάγ-κραιρα `with black heads' (Lyc., [Arist.] Mir.); δί-κραιρα `forked' (A. R.). - εὔ-κραιρος f. (A., Opp., Tryph.; as v. l. h. Merc. 209); ὀρθό-κραιρος f. (AP); τανύ-κραιρος m. f. `with long horns' (AP, Opp.); δί-κραιρος m. `twohorned' (AP); βοό-, ἰσό-, ὁμό- κραιρος (Nonn.). With transfer to the nom. in - ης, - ητος: εὑκραίρης (Max. 84).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱerh₂- `head, horn'Etymology: The apparent simplices κραῖρα and κραῖρος are clearly taken from compp. Old is only the feminine form - κραιρα. To this was after the other compound adj. created a genus-indifferent - κραιρος, which eventually survived. - As feminines ὀρθό-κραιρα etc. agree with formations like πίειρα, πρῳ̃ρα, which with ια-suffix were built to an ρ-stem, which itself variated with an ν-stem ( πίων, πρώων) and also could change with an σ-stem (Skt. pī́vas- n. `fat' beside πίων, πίειρα; κῦδος: κυδρός: κυδαίνω). That - κραιρα belongs to κέρας (, κάρα)̄, orig. σ-stem, is since long recognized; as basic form we can posit * krh₂-s-r-ih₂ \> *κρᾱh-αρ-yα; the -ᾱ- was regularly shortened before -ρι̯-. Thus, but with several modifications, Danielsson Gramm. u. et. Stud. 1, 33f., Wackernagel BB 4, 312, Brugmann MU 2, 242f. a. IF 18, 432 n. 1, Bechtel Lex. Recently this very complicated form was extensively discussed in Nussbaum, Head and Horn (1985) 222-247,See also: s. ὀρθόκραιρα.Page in Frisk: 2,4-5Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κραῖρα
-
110 κριθή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `barley-corns', usu. pl. `barley' (Il.); also metaph. = `pustule on the eyelid' (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of κριθή, πυρός, σῖτος Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.Other forms: Short form κρῖ n., s. below.Compounds: Compp., e.g. κριθό-πυρον n. `mix of barley and wheat' (pap.; cf. on διόσπυρον), εὔκριθος `rich in barley' (Theoc., AP). --Derivatives: Diminut.: κριθίον (Luc., Longos), κριθίδιον, also `decoction of barley' (Hp., Posidon.), κριθάριον (pap.). Further substantives: κριθαία `barley-soup' (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after ἁλμαία a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); κριθανίας m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside σιτανίας; after νεανίας? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: κρίθινος `of barley' (Ion., hell.), κριθάμινος `id.' (Polyaen.; after σησάμινος), κριθικός `consisting of barley' (pap.), κριθώδης `like barley, full of barley-corns' (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: κριθάω `feed oneself with barley' (A., S.), also κριθιάω (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732) with κριθίασις `surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley' (X.); κριθίζω `feed with barley' (Aesop., Babr.). - GN Κριθώτη (- ωτή) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname Κρίθων (H.) from κριθή = πόσθη (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The enlarged form κριθ-ή points to an original root noun *κρῑθ, from where ep. κρῖ n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect κρῖ with the western words for `barley', Lat. hordeum, OHG gersta, which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for hordeum and Gerste supposed basic forms, IE. *ghr̥zd(h)-, resp. * gherzd-, would have given Gr. *χραζ- or *χρασθ- \> *κρασθ-, resp. *χερδ- (*χερθ- \> *κερθ-). κρι agrees better with Alb. drith, -ë `barley, wheat', of which - ri- may come from IE. -r̥-. Also Arm. gari, gen. garwoy `wheat' (formally = IE. *ghr̥i̯o-) reminds of κρῖ; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. qeri `barley', cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether κρῖ goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse κρι in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE grotan, Engl. groats), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. hordeum; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form *krīt.Page in Frisk: 2,18-19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κριθή
-
111 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
-
112 κύαρ
κύαρ [zie κυεω]Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `eye of a needle, orifice of the ear' (Hp., Poll.).Etymology: Old r-stem, with thematic tranformation in Av. sūr-a- m. `hole, lacuna' (IE. *ḱūr-o-), further with other ablaut Arm. sor `hole' (IE. *ḱou̯er-o- ?); but hardly Lat. caverna (Etruscan ?; W.-Hofmann s.v.; diff. Specht Ursprung 350). An alternating l-stem is supposed in κύλα τὰ ὑποκάτω τῶν βλεφάρων κοιλώματα H. (s.v.); further κοῖλος `hollow' from *κοϜιλ-ος. With sufflx Lat. cavus `hollow' (s. κοῖλος). See also on κῶος `cave' (s. v.). - The words are generally connected with the group of κυέω assuming a basic `curvation' (with `inside c.' \> `hollowing', resp. `ouside c.' \> `vaulting'; s. Pok. 592ff., W.-Hofmann s. cavus). If there is a connection at all, we must rather start from a meaning `blow (up)'; cf. Skt. śūna- `swelled up, grown up', śū́na n. `empty, lack', śūnyá- `empty, hollow'.Page in Frisk: 2,38Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύαρ
-
113 λαιός 1
λαιός 1.Grammatical information: adj.Derivatives: Diminut. (context unknown) λαίδιον ἀριστερόν, εὑώνυμον H.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [652] *leh₂iu̯o- `left'Etymology: Old word for `left', identical with Lat. laevus, Slav., e. g. OCS lěvъ, Russ. lévyj ; IE. *lai̯u̯os = *leh₂i-uo-?; on the phonetics Schwyzer 266 a. 314, on the u̯o-suffix ibd. 472 and Chantraine Form. 122f. Substantivized is λαίβα (= λαίϜα) ἀσπίς, πέλτη H.; prop. "what is worn in the left"(?). Here also Illyr. PN Laevicus, Levo (Krahe Spr. d. Illyr. 1, 55). - Hypothesis on a basic meaning `crooked' and further suggestions for connections, all quite hypothetic or arbitrary, in WP. 2, 378 f., W.-Hofmann s. laevus; also Huisman KZ 71, 104 (to λαιμός, λαῖτμα; IE. * lei- `towards below, askew', but this is phonetically impossible). On spread and use of λαιός, σκαιός, ἀριστερός Chantraine Μνήμης χάριν 1, 61 ff. - Fur. 339 compares λαφός ὁ ἀριστερᾳ̃ χειρὶ χρώμενος Η.; but Lat. laevus can hardly be separated from the word.Page in Frisk: 2,73Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαιός 1
-
114 λαπαρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `weak, slack, hollow' (Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: λαπαρότης `weakness' (Hp.); λαπάρη f. `the weak flanks', pl. `the flank(s)' (Il.). - Beside it λαπἁσσω, - ττω, (- ζω Ath., H.), aor. λαπάξαι, fut. λαπάξω `weaken, make hollow, sunken, void' (Hp.), also `destroy' (A.); from there λάπαξις `evacuation' (Arist., medic.), λαπαγμῶν ἐκκενώσεων H., λαπακτικός `evacuating' (medic.). - On λάπαθον `pitfall' s. v. With λαπαρός cf. λαγαρός, χαλαρός, πλα-δαρός etc. with the same suffix and the same meaning (Chantraine Form. 227); a basic primary verb may have been retained in ἔλαψα διέφθειρα. Κύπριοι H. Lengthened from there (after μαλάττω? cf. λαπάττων μαλάττων, λαγαρὸν ποιῶν H.) λαπάσσω, - ττω; the usual meaning `evacuate' arose in the language of the medics from `weaken, make hollow, sunken', referred to the stomach and the bowels. In the sense of `destroy' λαπάξειν, - ξαι agree with ἀλαπάζω, of which the relation to λαπάσσω, - ζω has not been explained; perhaps a cross with another word (Ruijgh L'élém. achéen 74f.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Outside cognates fail; cf. W.-Hofmann s. lepidus (cf. on λέπω, λεπτός); Alb. laps `tired'? (Jokl WienAkSb. 168: 1, 48; rejected in WP. 1, 92, Pok. 33).Page in Frisk: 2,84-85Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαπαρός
-
115 λίᾱν
λίᾱνGrammatical information: adv.Meaning: `very much, too much' (Il.);Other forms: ep. Ion. λίην (ῑ̆)Derivatives: here λιάζειν `be over-enthousiastic' (A. D., Phot.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like δήν, πλήν a. o. (Schwyzer 621) a fixed acc. with unknown basic meaning. A form λῖ is cited from Epich. 223 (Str. 8, 364), and as 1. member in λι-πόνηρος λίαν πονηρός H.; also λήν λίαν H. The connection of strengthening λα- (s. v.), λαι- is uncertain. Etymolog. unclear; the connection with Dor. λῆν `will' (Prellwitz) is rightly rejected by Bq and WP. 2, 393. Chantraine Glotta 33, 28 considers remote connection with λεῖος. - Here also λίηφος δεινός H.? (Chantraine Form. 263; on the formation see Specht Ursprung 264).Page in Frisk: 2,119-120Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λίᾱν
-
116 λίτρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `pound', as weight and coin, as Sicil. silvermoney = a half mina or 50 drachmes (Epich., Sophr., [Simon.] 141, hell.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. δεκά-λιτρος `worth ten pound' (Epich., Sophr.), λιτρο-σκόπος `money-changer' (S. Fr. 1065).Derivatives: λιτραῖος (AP, Gal.), also λιτρ-ιαῖος (Gal.; cf. Chantraine Form. 49) `worth or containing a pound '; λιτρίζω `weigh or deliver by weight' with λιτρισμός (pap.); also λιτρασμός `libratio' (Gloss.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] WMed.Etymology: Mediterranean word, originating from Sicily and identical with Lat. lībra `balance, pound'. As common basic form one postulates * līÞrā; on the phonetics Schulze KZ 33, 223f. (= Kl. Schr. 276f.), Schwyzer 206, Pariente Emer. 20, 389ff. The alternative short ι in λίτρα, which would be Doric after Hdn. Gr. 2, 546, 12, is unexplained. Details in W.-Hofmann s. lībra. - Fur. 182 compares λιδρίον τρύβλιον H.Page in Frisk: 2,131Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λίτρα
-
117 λούω
λούω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `bathe, wash (the body)' (Il., cf. below)Other forms: also λοέω (ipf. λόεον δ 252). λόω (ipf. λό' [κ 361], λόον [h. Ap. 120], inf. λόεσθαι [Hes. Op. 749]); besides λοῦσθαι (ζ 216), λοῦνται (Hdt.), λούμενος (Ar.); Dor. (Call. Lav. Pall. 72f.) λῶντο, λώοντο; aor. λοῦσαι, - σασθαι (Il.), ep. also λοέσ(σ)αι, - έσσασθαι, Dor. λωσάμενος (Cyrene), pass. λουθῆναι (Hp.), - σθῆναι (LXX, pap.); fut. λούσω, - ομαι (IA.), λοέσσομαι (ζ 221), ptc. perf. λελουμένος (E 6),Dialectal forms: Myc. rewotorokowo; s. belowDerivatives: 1. λουτρόν, Hom. λοετρόν, Dor. λωτρόν (H.), usu. (in Hom. always) in plur. `the bath, bathing place' (Il.); as 1. member e.g. in λοετρο-χόος `pouring bathwater' (Hom.); λούτριον n. `bathwater' (Ar., Luc.), ἀπολούτριος `for washing' of water (Ael.), λουτρών, - ῶνος m. `bathroom, bathing house' (X., hell.) with - ωνικός `belonging to the bathing places' ( Cod. Just.), λουτρίς f. `belonging to the bath' (Theopomp. Com., H., Phot.), λουτρικός H. s. ξυστρολήκυθον, λουτρόομαι `bathe' (Euboea) - 2. λούτρα f. `sarcophagus' (Corycos ; on the meaning cf. μάκρα [from μάκτρα] `bathtub, coffin'). - 3. λουτήρ m. `bathtub' (LXX, inscr.), - ήριον n. `id.' (Antiph., inscr.; λωτ. Tab. Heracl.) with the dimin. - ηρίδιον (Hero, pap.), - ηρίσκος (Gloss.); ἐκλουτήριος `for washing' (Aegina); ἐγλουστρίς f. `bathing-drawers?' (hell. pap.). - 4. λούστης m. "bather", `who loves bathing' (Arist., M. Ant.). - 5. λοῦσις ` bathing, washing' (late pap., inscr.), ἀπόλουσις `washing' (Pl.). - 6. λοῦμα n. `stream' (Sardes); prob also λούματα (cod. ἀούματα) τὰ τῶν πτισσομένων κριθῶν ἄχυρα Κύπριοι H.; cf. ἀπόλουμα = ἀποκάθαρμα (sch., Eust.); or because the chaff before feeding was washed away in water?; diff. Bechtel Dial. 1, 451 (with Hoffmann Dial. 1, 121). -7. λουτιάω `want to bathe' (Luc. Lex. 2; after ἐμετ-ιάω: ἐμέω a. o.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [692] *leu̯h₃- `wash, bathe'Etymology: The aorist λο(Ϝ)έ-σαι agrees with κορέ-σαι, στορέ-σαι; the rare present λο(Ϝ)έ-ω can be explained as innovation (cf. Specht KZ 59, 61). From λο(Ϝ)έσαι by contraction could arise λοῦσαι; to this again λούω. In Hom. the uncontracted forms can be inserted, e.g. λόεσεν etc. for λοῦσεν etc., also λοέεσθαι for λούεσθαι (Z 508 = O 265). Both λοῦσαι etc. and the isolated λό', λόον, λόεσθαι are understandable from (thematic) λό(Ϝ)-ω; the last forms however, can also be due to hyphairesis (cf. Schwyzer 252 f.). Also λοῦσθαι, λοῦνται, λούμενος admit basic forms like *λόϜ-εσθαι *λόϜ-ονται, *λοϜ-όμενος; but rhey are at the same time explainable from λο(Ϝ)έεσ-θαι, λο(Ϝ)έονται, λο(Ϝ)εόμενος. Further details in Schwyzer 682, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 34, 347, 374, Risch ̨ 117. An immediate agreement to monosyll. thematic λό(Ϝ)ω appears in Lat. lav-ō, lav-ere (from * lov-; cf. Szemerényi KZ 70, 57 f.); to disyll. λο(Ϝ)έ-σαι may at the same time disyll. lavā-re (if the length is secondary) correspond (IE *leu̯h₃-). Wether also Arm. loganam, aor. logac̣ay `bathe oneself' has a disyllabic root, remains uncertain given the productivity of the Arm. verbs in - anam. From the general o-vowel deviate Myc. rewotorokowo and rewoterejo; their connection with λοετρόν has been explained from metathesis of * lewo-. Also the Celtic and Germanic nominal derivv. show the same vocalisation, e.g. Gaul. lautro `bathing place', OIr. lōathar `basin', OWNo. lauđr n. `lye, (soap)foam', OE lēaÞor `soap-foam', which can go back on IE * louh₃-tro- and can be identical with λο(Ϝ)ετρόν. - Hitt. lah̯(h̯)uu̯āi-'pour', since Sturtevant connected with λούω (s. Friedrich Wb.), is formally unclear (on expects *leh₂\/₃-u-). - Further forms in Bq, WP. 2, 441, Pok. 692, W.-Hofmann s. lavō.Page in Frisk: 2,138-139Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λούω
-
118 μάρμαρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `stone, (piece of) rock' (M 380, ι 499, prob. also E. Ph. 663 [lyr.] and Ar. Ach. 1172 [lyr.]), also appositive (attributive) to πέτρος (Π 735, E. Ph. 1401); `white stone, marble' (Hp., Thphr., Theoc.); also μάρμαρον n. `id.' (Call., late inscr.); also `callosity on the foot of asses' ( Hippiatr.).Derivatives: μαρμάρ-ινος (Theoc., inscr.), - εος (inscr., pap., AP) `of marble'; - όεις `gleaming like marble' (S.), - ώδης `marble-like' (Et. Gud.); uncertain μαρμαρικός ( ἄσβεστος, PHolm. 25, 19); prob. rather to Μαρμαρική. Further μαρμαρῖτις ( πέτρα) `marble-like' (Ph. Byz.); also plantname, `peony, Fumaria' (Ps.-Dsc.; because of the blue-gray colour; Strömberg Pfl.namen 26), also `peony' (Plin., who explains the name from the standing-place; cf. Redard 57 a. 74). μαρμαρ-άριος `marbleworkerer' (inscr.; = Lat. marmorārius). Denom. verb μαρμαρόομαι, - όω `be changed into marble, cover with marble' (Lyc., Hero), with (formally) μαρμάρωσις `callosity' ( Hippiatr.); best direct from μάρμαρον, cf. on ἀέτωσις sub αἰετός. -- μαρμαρωσσός `with callosity' ( Hippiatr.) from Lat. marmorōsus `id.'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The original sense of `stone, rock' prob. with Prellwitz to μάρναμαι (?. Cf. Lat. rumpō: rūpēs); the meaning `marble' from the folketymological connection with μαρμαίρω, μαρμάρεος. How old the veterinary-medicinal meaning `callosity' is, cannot be established; it does not represent in any case an independent development from a supposed "basic meaning" (*hardening' v.t.), but comes rather from `stone' or `marble'. The same development is seen in the lat. LW [loanword] marmor. From Latin came the Westeurop. and Westslavic forms; Ukr. mrámor influenced also by μάρμαρος? Rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. marmor. P. Mazon prefers a connection with μαρμαίρω; cf. LSJ `a crystalline rock which sparkles'. In any case the formation of the word (- μαρ-ος) remains unclear, which makes Pre-Greek origin probable, so that connection with μάρναμαι must be given up.See also: -- Weiteres s. μάρναμαι.Page in Frisk: 2,176-177Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρμαρος
-
119 μέδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `rule, govern' (Emp., trag.),Other forms: only pres., ptc. μέδων `ruler' (Hom.; like ἄρχων), f. - ουσα "the governing", name of one of the Gorgons (Hes.), also μεδέων, - έοντος `id.' (Il., h. Merc.), f. - έουσα (h. Hom., Hes.); PN Μέδων, Λαο-μέδων etc., name of a town Μεδεών (Boeotia) "place, where the government is, Regierungsstadt"(?); cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 41ff., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 67 n. 3, Leumann Hom. Wörter 326, Schwyzer 488. (Also - έω? Schulze Kl. Schr. 678.)Derivatives: μέδομαι `care for sthing, think of sth., be prepared for' (Il.), only pres. except μεδήσομαι I 650. -- From here μεδίμῳ ἥρωι H.; prob. after κύδιμος, δόκιμος a. o., Schwyzer 494 n. 9.Etymology: In the sense of `think of sth., be prepared for sth.' μέδομαι answers completely the Lat. frequentative meditor, - ārī `reflect', beside which we find partly the primary verb medeor, - ērī (s. below), partly the primary noun modus `measure' with modius, modestus, moderor. Celtic has several cognates, e.g. OIr. mess `iudicium' (\< * med-tu-), air-med `measure'. The basic meaning `measure' is found in Germ.: Goth. mitan (with miton `meassure, consider'), OE metan, NHG messen etc. An old special meaning shows Lat. medeor `heal' (prop. `take measures' v.s.?), just like Av. vī-mad- `healer, physician'. Further forms in WP. 2, 259 f., Pok. 705 f., W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. meditor and medeor, also Fraenkel Wb. s. mãtas. -- As lengthened grade form we have μήδομαι, s.v.Page in Frisk: 2,191Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέδω
-
120 μεῖραξ
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `girl' (Com.), late also m. `boy' (Aret., Hld.).Compounds: φιλο-μεῖραξ m. f. `loving boys' (Ath., Paus.).Derivatives: Diminut.: 1. μειράκιον n. `youth, younger man' (Hp., Att.) with μειρακι-ώδης `youthful' (Pl., Arist.), - όομαι `become adolescent' (X., Ph., Ael.), - εύομαι `id., behave as a youth' (Arr., Plu., Luc.), also μειρακ-εύομαι (Alciphr. 2, 2). 2. μειρακίσκος m., also -η f. `boy, girl' (Att.; Chantraine Form. 409). 3. μειρακύλλιον `id.' (Com.; cf. Leumann Glotta 32, 215 a. 225 = Kl. Schr. 242 u. 250).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [738] *meri̯o- `young (girl or man)'Etymology: On the fem. gender cf. δέλφαξ, πόρταξ, σκύλαξ (also m.). We must start from a noun, perh. *μεῖρος (cf. λίθαξ: λίθος a. o.), which agrees with Skt. márya- m. `youth, lover', Av. mairya- (meaning unclear); and, with thematic k-suffix (independent of μεῖραξ pace Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 540, Chantraine Études 160 m. A.1?), marya-ká- `small man'. The diminutive derivv. in Greek ousted the basic word. A fem. *μεῖρα (like στεῖρα) may be also considered. -- As remote cognates are adduced Lith. mergà `girl' and, with diff. vowel, Alb. shemërë f. `by-wife' (from *sm̥-merī), Lith. martì f. `bride, young woman' (cf. Βριτό-μαρτις? s. v.); further still the unclear Lat. marītus `with wife, spouse', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Further details also in WP. 2, 281, Pok. 738f.; Fraenkel Wb. s. martì and mergà. Several hypotheses on the formation by Specht Ursprung 124, 148 a. 210.Page in Frisk: 2,195-196Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μεῖραξ
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
Basic (langage) — BASIC Pour les articles homonymes, voir Basic. {{{image}}} Sigles d une seule lettre Sigles de deux lettres Sigles de trois lettres … Wikipédia en Français
BASIC — Información general Paradigma estructurado imperativo Apareció en 1964 Diseñado por John George Kemeny; Thomas Eugene Kurtz … Wikipedia Español
Basic English — Basic English, also known as Simple English, is an English based controlled language created (in essence as a simplified subset of English) by linguist and philosopher Charles Kay Ogden as an international auxiliary language, and as an aid for… … Wikipedia
BASIC — Класс языка: алгоритмическое, процедурное, объектное программирование Появился в: 1963 г. Расширение файлов: .bas Типизация данных: нестрогая Бейсик (от BASIC, сокращение от англ. … Википедия
BASIC-256 — с … Википедия
Basic AG — Rechtsform Aktiengesellschaft Gründung 1997 Sitz Mü … Deutsch Wikipedia
Basic writing — Basic writing, or developmental writing, is a discipline of composition studies which focuses on the writing of students sometimes otherwise called remedial or underprepared , usually freshman college students. Contents 1 Defining Basic Writing 2 … Wikipedia
Basic-Englisch — Basic English ist eine vereinfachte Form des Englischen, in der lediglich die wichtigsten Wörter der englischen Sprache vorkommen. Die von Charles Kay Ogden im Jahr 1930 geschaffene Englischvariante wird manchmal auch als Plansprache bezeichnet,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Basic Englisch — Basic English ist eine vereinfachte Form des Englischen, in der lediglich die wichtigsten Wörter der englischen Sprache vorkommen. Die von Charles Kay Ogden im Jahr 1930 geschaffene Englischvariante wird manchmal auch als Plansprache bezeichnet,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Basic Channel — Moritz von Oswald Mark Ernestus en 2007 au festival MUTEK Surnom Maurizio … Wikipédia en Français
Basic Channel (label) — Basic Channel Basic Channel Moritz von Oswald Mark Ernestus en 2007 au festival MUTEK Alias Maurizio … Wikipédia en Français
