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1 please contact me if you have questions or need any additional information
Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: в случае возникновения вопросов и для получения необходимых разъяснений прошу обращаться ко мнеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > please contact me if you have questions or need any additional information
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2 more
1. a от, и Ito have more patience than … — иметь больше терпения, чем …
2. a большийten is two more than eight — десять на два больше, чем восемь
3. a добавочный, дополнительный; ещёa very little more — ещё; совсем немного; чуть-чуть
more importantly — что ещё более важно, более того
4. adv от I5. adv больше, болееhe was more frightened than hurt — он больше испугался, чем ушибся
you thanked her, which is more than I did — вы поблагодарили её, чего я не сделал
he got no more than his due — он получил столько, сколько ему положено
he is no more a professor than I am — он такой же профессор, как я
more cannot be said — больше нечего сказать ; что ещё можно сказать
6. adv ещё; опять, снова; в добавокwhat is more — вдобавок; более того
7. adv сравнит. ст. служит для образования многосложных прилагательных и наречий болееneither more nor less than … — ни больше ни меньше, как …; не что иное, как …
the more … the more — чем больше …, тем больше
the more he has the more he wants — чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет
the more the better — чем больше, тем лучше
the more the merrier — чем больше, тем веселее;
she is beautiful but her sister is more so — она красива, но её сестра ещё красивее
the more so, as … — тем более, что; тем паче, что …
there was more like a hundred than fifty — там было скорее сто, чем пятьдесят
what is more, and more — и вдобавок; больше того; что ещё важно ; а кроме того
more is meant than meets the eye — это не так просто; имеется в виду больше, чем кажется на первый взгляд
Синонимический ряд:1. additional (adj.) added; additional; another; else; extra; farther; fresh; further; new; other2. increased (adj.) aggrandized; enhanced; expanded; extended; increased3. more (adj.) more; more legion; more multitudinous; more myriad; more numerous; more voluminous4. also (other) additionally; along; also; as well; besides; beyond; futhermore; in addition; item; likewise; moreover; still; too; withal; yea; yet5. better (other) better6. often (other) again and again; many a time; many times; more; more frequently; often; oftentimes (literary) -
3 more
mɔ:
1. прил.
1) сравн. от much
1., many
1.
2) более многочисленный;
присутствующий в большем количестве, в большей степени, в большем объеме She has more merits than her sister. ≈ У нее больше достоинств, чем у ее сестры.
3) добавочный, дополнительный;
дальнейший;
(употр. с числительным или неопределенным местоимением) Two more hostages have been killed. ≈ Еще двое заложников было убито. Would you like some more tea? ≈ Вы не хотите еще чая? Syn: additional, further ∙ any more
2. нареч.
1) сравн. от much
2.
2) служит для образования сравн. ст. многосложных прилагательных и наречий morebeautiful ≈ более красивый, красивее much more difficult ≈ намного более трудный
3) больше;
в большей степени You should eat more. ≈ Вам надо больше есть. She is more of a poet than a musician. ≈Она больше поэт, чем музыкант.
4) еще;
в добавление, к тому же Syn: in addition, further
5) опять, снова once more ≈ еще раз Syn: again, anew ∙ more or less ≈ более или менее, приблизительно the more... the more ≈ чем больше..., тем больше the more he has the more he wants ≈ чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет the more the better ≈ чем больше, тем лучше neither more nor less than ≈ ни больше, ни меньше как;
не что иное, как all the more so ≈ тем более never more ≈ никогда
3. сущ.
1) большее количество;
что-л. дополнительное She kept on asking if I wanted more. ≈ Она продолжала спрашивать, не хочу ли я еще чего-нибудь.
2) что-л. более важное And what is more, you have to help him. ≈ А самое главное, ты должен помочь ему./ Более того ты должен помочь ему. ∙ hope to see more of you ≈ надеюсь чаще вас видеть we saw no more of him ≈ мы его больше не видели compar от much и many больший, более многочисленный, значительный, интенсивный и т. п. - to have * patience than... иметь больше терпения, чем... - I've got * books than you у меня больше книг, чем у вас - there were * accidents несчастные случаи стали более многочисленными /участились/ - there is * truth in it than you think в этом больше правды, чем вы думаете - they are * их больше, они многочисленнее - * of us are going нас идет больше;
нас идет еще несколько человек - * will attend this year than ever before в этом году будет больше посетителей, чем когда-либо больший (с числами) - ten is two * than eight десять на два больше, чем восемь добавочный, дополнительный;
еще - one * еще один - I have got two * tickets у меня есть еще два билета - we have plenty * food у нас еще много еды - do you want any * (tea) ? хотите еще (чаю) ? - (to be) fifty and * (быть) пятидесяти лет с лишком /с гаком/ - children of twelve years old and * дети двенадцати лет и старше - I want some * я хочу еще (немного) - I want no * я больше не хочу - what * do you want? что ты еще хочешь? - has she any * children? у нее есть еще дети? > the * fool you тем хуже для тебя > without * ado (устаревшее) без дальнейших проволочек /церемоний/ больше, более - to attend * to details больше обращать внимания на детали /на мелочи/ - you need to sleep * вам надо больше спать - to be * like one's father than one's mother больше походить на отца, чем на мать - much * гораздо больше - you've got to study much * вам необходимо заниматься гораздо /намного/ больше - he was * frightened than hurt он больше испугался, чем ушибся - * than более чем - it is * than enough этого более чем достаточно - I am * than satisfied я более чем доволен - you thanked her, which is * than I did вы поблагодарили ее, чего я не сделал - he got no * than his due он получил столько, сколько ему положено - he is no * a professor than I am он такой же профессор, как я - I can not give * я больше дать не могу - we can do no * мы ничего больше сделать не можем - * cannot be said больше нечего сказать /добавить (к сказанному) /;
что еще можно сказать /добавить (к сказанному) / - (say) no * сказано достаточно - I needn't say *, I need say no * мне больше нечего добавить - I could stand no * (of it) я (этого) больше не мог переносить - his report is * than a survey его сообщение не просто обзор, а нечто более серьезное еще;
опять, снова;
в добавок - once * еще раз - twice * еще два раза - never * никогда (больше) - * and * еще и еще;
все более;
все больше и больше - I became * and * tired я все больше уставал - I feel it * and * every day я ощущаю это все более остро с каждым днем - I shall not return any * я больше не вернусь - we saw him no * мы его больше не видели служит для образования сравнит. ст. многосложных прилагательных и наречий более - * beautiful более прекрасный - * easily легче - * intensely более напряженно > * or less более или менее;
до некоторой степени;
приблизительно > neither * nor less than... ни больше (и) не меньше, как...;
не что иное, как... > the *... the * чем больше..., тем больше... > the * he has the * he wants чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет > the * the better чем больше, тем лучше > the * the merrier чем больше, тем веселее;
в тесноте, да не в обиде > * so того более > she is beautiful but her sister is * so она красива, но ее сестра еще красивее > (all) the * so, as /because/... тем более, что;
тем паче, что... > * dead than alive смертельно усталый > * like скорее > there was * like a hundred than fifty там было скорее сто, чем пятьдесят > the *'s the pity тем более досадно;
как жаль;
тем хуже > what is *, and * и вдобавок;
больше того;
что еще важно (отметить) ;
а кроме того > hope to see * of you надеюсь чаще вас видеть > we saw no * of him мы его больше не видели > that is * than I can tell /say/ этого я не знаю > * is meant than meets the eye /the ear/ это не так просто;
имеется в виду /подразумевается/ больше, чем кажется на первый взгляд /сначала/ > there's * to come это еще не все;
смотри продолжение( текста на следующих страницах) > of which * anon (устаревшее) мы к этому еще вернемся > to be no * (возвышенно) умереть;
перестать существовать > he is no * его уже нет (в живых), его не стало bring some ~ water принесите еще воды ~ больший, более многочисленный;
he has more ability than his predecessors у него больше умения, чем у его предшественников he is no ~ его нет в живых no: he is ~ more его нет в живых, он умер;
he cannot come, no more can I он не может прийти, как и я hope to see ~ of you надеюсь чаще вас видеть;
we saw no more of him мы его больше не видели more больше;
you should walk more вам надо больше гулять ~ большее количество;
дополнительное количество;
what is more вдобавок, больше того ~ больший, более многочисленный;
he has more ability than his predecessors у него больше умения, чем у его предшественников ~ добавочный, еще (употр. с числительным или неопределенным местоимением) ;
two more cruisers were sunk еще два крейсера были потоплены ~ еще;
опять, снова;
once more еще раз;
more or less более или менее, приблизительно ~ служит для образования сравн. ст. многосложных прилагательных и наречий: more powerful более мощный ~ сравн. ст. от much ~ сравн. ст. от much;
many the ~... the ~ чем больше..., тем больше;
the more he has the more he wants чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет the ~... the ~ чем больше..., тем больше;
the more he has the more he wants чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет ~ служит для образования сравн. ст. многосложных прилагательных и наречий: more powerful более мощный the ~ the better чем больше, тем лучше the: ~ тем;
чем;
the more the better чем больше, тем лучше ~ сравн. ст. от much ~ сравн. ст. от much;
many most: ~ превосх. ст. от much ~ превосх. ст. от much;
many much: much (при сравн. ст.) гораздо, значительно;
much more natural гораздо естественнее;
much better намного лучше ~ a (more;
most) много;
much snow много снега;
much time много времени ~ многое ~ adv (more;
most) очень;
I am much obliged to you я вам очень благодарен ~ почти, приблизительно;
much of a size (a height, etc.) почти того же размера (той же высоты и т. п.) neither ~ nor less than ни больше, ни меньше как;
не что иное, как;
all the more so тем более never ~ никогда ~ еще;
опять, снова;
once more еще раз;
more or less более или менее, приблизительно the ~... the ~ чем больше..., тем больше;
the more he has the more he wants чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет there is ~ to come это еще не все ~ добавочный, еще (употр. с числительным или неопределенным местоимением) ;
two more cruisers were sunk еще два крейсера были потоплены hope to see ~ of you надеюсь чаще вас видеть;
we saw no more of him мы его больше не видели ~ большее количество;
дополнительное количество;
what is more вдобавок, больше того more больше;
you should walk more вам надо больше гулять -
4 cost
1. сущ.1) эк. стоимость, затраты, издержки редк. цена (величина затрат, которые необходимо совершить, чтобы получить что-л.; характеристика предмета или действия; как правило, выражается в денежном выражении, но в некоторых случаях может быть в натуральном выражении; как правило, во всех случаях можно использовать перевод "цена", но это изменяет риторику текста, подчеркивая важность этих затрат)cost of [smth\] — стоимость чего-л., цена чего-л.
at a high cost — по высокой цене, с высокими затратами
His need for self-expression can be satisfied, but at a high cost.
As it now stands, nursing homes deliver a low perceived value at a high cost.
It is good practice to charge costs as direct where possible. — Хорошим правилом является начисление максимально большого числа затрат как прямых затрат.
A mortgage helps you buy your home, but there are many additional costs that you need to consider. — Ипотека помогает вам купить дом, но вы должны понимать, что в этом случае имеют место некоторые дополнительные расходы.
See:CHILD [object\]: abandonment cost, above-the-line cost, administrative cost, advertising cost, agency cost, amortized cost, bankruptcy cost, bond issue cost, borrowing cost, budgeted cost, collection cost, cost of insurance charge, credit subsidy cost, debt service cost, acquisition cost, cost of production, cost of capital, cost of living, cost of sales, flotation cost, interest cost, imputed cost, inventory carrying cost, inventory ordering cost, opportunity cost, out-of-pocket costs, past service cost, pension cost, replacement cost, reproduction cost, salary cost CHILD [type\]: absolute cost, accounting cost, alternative cost, annual equivalent cost, depreciated cost, economic cost, explicit cost, fixed cost, hidden cost, implicit cost, mixed cost, normal cost, overhead cost, true interest cost, variable cost CHILD [agent\]: cost appraiser, cost estimator, cost to consumer, cost function, cost price, below cost, cost and freight, cost and insurance, cost, insurance, freight, cost, insurance, freight, cost, insurance, freight2)а) мн., эк. издержки, затраты (величина затрат, которые несет какое-л. лицо в своей деятельности; как правило, идет речь о компании; может употребляться без уточнения типа затрат)If the company's costs increase 4 percent, it can raise prices 6 percent. — Если затраты компании увеличатся на 4 процента, это может привести к повышению цен на 6 процентов.
However, company's costs also rose and, in the early 1980s, the company was forced to downsize and concentrate its stores on paint and wallpaper.
to cut [reduce\] costs — снижать затраты
The company reduces its costs by eliminating some of its obligations to its employees. — Компания снижает свои затраты, отказываясь от части обязательств перед своими работниками.
These measures taken together are expected to cut costs by 30–50%. — Можно ожидать, что все эти меры вместе приведут к снижению затрат на 30–50%
Syn:See:cost accountant, costs accountant, cost advantage, cost analyst, cost budgeting, cost centre, cost sharing, benefit-cost ratio, cost-benefit analysis, cost-volume-profit analysis, factors of productionб) мн., юр. судебные издержки [расходы\]2. гл.with costs — с возложением судебных издержек на сторону, проигравшую дело
1) эк. стоить (о цене, выраженной в денежном эквиваленте); обходитьсяThis car costs only $24 000. — Эта машина стоит всего лишь 24 тыс. долл.
2) общ. требовать (усилий, страданий и т. д.); обходитьсяThe city whose conquest had cost him so dear. — Город, завоевание которого обошлось ему так дорого.
* * *
затраты, стоимость, цена: первоначальные или долгосрочные затраты (прямые, косвенные, денежные и неденежные), которые имеют место при приобретении, производстве, предоставлении товаров или услуг; см. acquisition cost;* * *издержки; затраты; расходы; себестоимость; стоимость;, себестоимость. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *издержки, расходызатрата, как правило, денег на покупку товаров и услуг; расходы, обычно денежные, понесенные для достижения цели (расходы на производство определенных товаров, возведение фабрики или закрытие отделения)см. opportunity cost -
5 hour
[auə]n1) часThe clock told the hour of twelve. — Часы показывали двенадцать.
He worked hard almost to the hour of his death. — Он трудился почти/вплоть до самой смерти.
- every hour or twoHe was given an hour's notice. — Его предупредили за час.
- available hour
- two solid hours
- additional hour
- hours
- last few hours
- hour's interval
- hour's time
- hour hand
- hour's walk from here
- quarter of an hour
- for three long hours
- over an hour
- after many hours
- after an hour's walk
- at an hour's notice
- during an hour - for hours
- in an hour
- for some hours
- for another hour
- be paid by the hour
- come an hour later
- have two hours left
- have two hours to spare
- spend two hours in silence
- two hours ago
- hour earlier
- hour later
- hour after sunrise
- hour before dinner - clock strikes the hours and half hours2) время дняWhat he does after hours is his own business. — Что он делает после работы это его дело.
We don't keep the lights on out of hours. — Мы не оставляем свет в нерабочее время.
- rush hours- noon hour
- office hours
- school hours
- children's hour
- non-working hours
- last hour or two of the day
- opening hours of the shops
- out of hours
- at any hour
- at such an early hour
- in smb's sleeping hours
- in odd hours
- in the small hours
- until the early hours of the morning
- in the early hours of the night
- in the early hours of the morning
- in the middle hours of the night
- at the dead late hours of the night
- do this work out of hours
- keep early hours
- keep good hours
- get up at all hours
- work longer hours
- work after hours
- apply during office hours3) обусловленное время, установленное время, установленный часTrains arrive every hour. — Поезда приходят раз в час/каждый час.
We eat at regular hours. — Мы всегда едим в одно и тоже время.
Please, call me at the usual hour. — Пожалуйста, зайдите ко мне в обычное время.
He lay in bed beyond the usual hour. — Он встал позднее обычного времени.
This was no hour in which to hesitate. — Это было не время для колебаний.
They eat at all hours. — Они едят, когда придется.
- evenful hour- wasted hour
- forbidden hours
- parting hour
- coming hour - three hours before dinner
- two hours after the meeting
- exact hour of departure
- hour of curfew
- need of the hour
- at the definite hour
- at the eleventh hour
- at that particular
- at other hours
- at this particular hour
- at this crucial hour
- at the hour mentioned
- at the appointed hour
- for a brief hour
- in a good hour
- tomorrow at this hour
- in smb's trying hour
- in a few short hours
- in off hours
- through weary hours
- until this late hour
- up to this hour
- within the last hours
- fight against longer hours
- fix the hour
- keep smb hours
- seize the hour
- take medicine every hour
- hour for work4) часы, период, времяThe book may help to pass an hour or so. — Книга поможет скоротать часок.
After his hour of glory he was soon forgotten. — После краткого периода славы его быстро забыли.
- matter of hours- happiest hours of my life
- at that happy hour
- in one's idle hours
- during the sleepless hours of night
- in the hour of danger
- in the hour of need
- count hours
- pass an emotional hour
- read hour after hour
- spend hours doing the same thing
- hours fly5) занятие, урокThere was an hour called Nature Study (Free Activity). — Был урок, который назывался природоведение (свободная деятельность).
He was paid two shillings an hour. — Ему платили два шиллинга в час.
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. — ◊ Утро вечера мудренее.
An hour today is worth two tomorrow. — ◊ Лучше синица в руках, чем журавль в небе
- dancing hour- hour examination paper
- number of hours a week
- require 145 credit hours for graduation -
6 material
1) материал; мн. ч. грунты; материалы2) материальный, вещественный•material retained on sieve — остаток на сите, надрешётный продукт
- abrasive material - active material - additional materials - adsorbing material - alternate material - antirot material - asbestos-containing construction materials - auxiliary materials - backfilling material - binding material - biostatic material - bituminous road materials - blasting material - brittle material - building materials - bulk material - cartographic materials - cartographical materials - cementing material - check of design material - coating material - constructional materials - consumption of materials - contractor's materials - corroding material - customer's materials - defective materials - delivery of materials - description of materials by weight - direct materials - durable material - emulsified bituminous materials - everyday need for materials - excavated material - expendable materials - experimental constructional material - explosive material - filter material - fireproof material - fire-resistant material - flux material - foam material - frostproof material - geologic materials - geological materials - geophysic materials - geophysical materials - granular materials - graphic material - graphical material - hazardous material - heat-insulating material - high grade material - hydro-geologic materials - hydro-geological materials - import materials - improper materials - indirect material - inflammable material - insulating materials - intrusion material - ion-exchange material - jointing material - lack of materials - lining material - list of materials - load transfer material - local building materials - locally manufactured materials - loose material - low-grade material - manufactured constructional materials - mismatched material - need for materials - nonused material - operational materials - parent material - patching material - paving material - procurement of materials - qualitative roofing material - quality of materials - radioactive material - raw material - refractory material - replacement of imported construction materials - required materials - roofing materials - rough material - sandwich material - sealing material - separation material - sound-damping material - source material - spongy material - standard material - substandard material - topographic material - topographical material - transportation of materials - utilization of materials - waterproofing material - written materialto damage construction materials during transportation — повредить строительные материалы во время транспортировки
* * *1. материал, вещество2. грунт3. материальный, вещественный- abrasion-resisting materialmaterials by structural properties — материалы, классифицируемые по структурным свойствам
- abrasive material
- absorbent material
- acoustic material
- anisotropic material
- architectural constructional materials
- architectural construction materials
- argillaceous material
- artificial pozzolanic material
- backfilling material
- backing material
- bagged material
- ballast material
- binding material
- bituminous materials
- bonding material
- boxing material
- brittle material
- building materials
- calcareous material
- cellular material
- cement-bound granular material
- cementing material
- ceramic materials
- clayey materials
- coated material
- coating material
- combustible material
- combustible building materials
- composite material
- concrete materials
- concrete-making materials
- concrete repair materials
- constituent materials of concrete
- construction materials
- corrugated sheet material
- damping material
- dampproofing material
- defective material
- ductile material
- durable material
- engineering materials
- excavated material
- fast-setting repair material
- faulty material
- fiber reinforced material
- fill material
- filter material
- finishing material
- fire retarding material
- flexible sheet material
- fluid material
- foamed-in-place acoustical materials
- form material
- frost-free material
- graded material
- granular material
- granular subbase material
- gritting materials
- hazardous material
- heat insulating material
- high-grade materials
- highly insulative material
- high insulative material
- incombustible material
- industrial materials
- inorganic material
- insulating materials
- isotropic material
- jointing material
- joint-sealing material
- lagging materials
- laminated material
- lime-containing material
- linear-elastic material
- lining material
- load-bearing structural insulating material
- loose fill acoustical material
- loosely packed material
- low-tensile strength material
- maintenance patching material
- manufactured construction materials
- matrix material
- mineral fill material
- moisture-resistant insulating material
- natural mineral material
- near-by material
- noncombustible material
- nonconductive material
- noncreeping material
- nonhazardous material
- one-component material
- organic material
- original raw materials
- orthotropic material
- packaged material
- packaged dry concrete materials
- parent material
- phase change materials
- plastic material
- poultice material
- pozzolanic material
- prebagged material
- prebatched material
- radioactive material
- raw materials
- reactive silica material
- recycled material
- release material
- repair materials
- resilient materials
- restoration materials
- road materials
- rock material
- roofing material
- sealing material
- sheet acoustical material
- solar cell roofing material
- solid material
- sound material
- sound absorbent material
- sound-deadening material
- sound insulation material
- sparkle material
- sprayed-on material
- sticky material
- strain-hardening material
- structural materials
- synthetic material
- synthetic resinous material
- thermal insulating material
- toxic material
- trim materials
- unrefined raw materials
- vibration-damping material
- walling material
- waterproofing material
- waterproof material
- water-repellent material -
7 stop over
1) остановиться в пути, сделать остановку Are you allowed to stop over without additional cost? ≈ Вы можете сделать остановку в пути без дополнительных затрат?
2) проводить ночь не дома We need two days for the journey, stopping over at a small town on the way. ≈ В течение путешествия мы должны будем дважды ночевать в маленьком городке, который лежит на нашем пути. сделать остановку в пути следования - the passengers of the Jumbo-jet stopped over in Rome пассажиры реактивного лайнера сделали остановку в РимеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > stop over
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8 stop over
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9 allonge
сущ.фин. аллонж (дополнительный лист, который прикрепляется к векселю или иной обращаемой ценной бумаге и на котором ставятся поручительские гарантийные записи или пометки об индоссаменте, когда оборотная сторона самого бланка ценной бумаги полностью заполнена)The need for an allonge arises due to the lack of space upon the bill itself for additional endorsements. — Аллонж нужен из-за недостатка места для дополнительных передаточных надписей на собственно векселе.
See:
* * *
аллонж: дополнение к ценной бумаге (напр., векселю) при нехватке места для передаточных надписей.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельность-----Банки/Банковские операциидополнительный лист бумаги (прикрепленный к векселю), на котором совершаются передаточные надписи, если на оборотной стороне векселя они не умещаются -
10 memorandum
сущ.мн. memorandums или memoranda1) общ. заметка, запискаmake a memorandum of smth. — записать что-л. на память [чтобы не забыть\]
Syn:2) упр. краткое сообщение, докладная [служебная\] запискаMichael Davis has prepared a memorandum outlining our need for an additional warehouse. — Майкл Дэвис подготовил служебную записку, обрисовывающую необходимость дополнительного склада.
See:3) пол. меморандум (дипломатический документ, в котором подробно излагается фактическая сторона международного вопроса, дается анализ тех или иных положений, приводится обоснование позиции государства)See:4) юр. меморандум (официальный документ, фиксирующий детали соглашения или подробности какой-л. операции)See:* * *во внешнеторговой практике памятная записка, содержащая извещение по какому-либо вопросу, запись какого-либо факта -
11 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
12 be assured
1) Общая лексика: будьте уверены (If we ever have need of any additional translations, be assured that we will turn to you first.)2) Математика: обеспечиваться -
13 at no cost
фраз.бесплатно|| Should you need even more space, connect to ASUS WebStorage for an additional 500GB of storage, at no cost for a year.
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > at no cost
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14 resource
n1) способ; средство2) обыкн. pl ресурсы; запасы3) отдых, развлечения4) находчивость, изобретательность•to affect allocations of resources — влиять / воздействовать на распределение ресурсов
to canalize / to channel resources to smth — направлять ресурсы на что-л.
to contribute resources — предоставлять ресурсы / средства, обеспечивать ресурсами
to derive resources from the sea — извлекать / добывать / получать ресурсы из моря
to develop natural resources — осваивать / разрабатывать природные ресурсы
to divert resources — отвлекать / переключать ресурсы
to exploit resources — разрабатывать ресурсы; использовать ресурсы
to possess large resources — обладать большими ресурсами / природными богатствами
to rely on one's own resources — надеяться только на свои силы
to spread resources — рассредоточивать / распределять ресурсы
to stimulate the flow of foreign resources (to) — стимулировать приток внешних ресурсов / средств (в)
to target existing resources to those more in need — направлять имеющиеся ресурсы тем, кто в них больше нуждается
to top resources — подключать / использовать ресурсы
- additional resourcesto use / to utilize resources to maximum effect — использовать ресурсы наиболее эффективно
- adequate resources
- allocation of resources
- available resources
- country is devoid of natural resources
- currency resources
- depletion of essential resources - diminishing resources
- distribution of resources
- economic resources
- energy resources
- environmental resources
- essential resources
- exploitation of resources
- exploration of natural resources
- extrabudgetary resources
- fairer sharing out of the world's resources
- financial resources
- finite resources
- foreign exchange resources
- fuel and energy resources
- fuel and power resources
- fuel and raw materials resources
- fuel resources
- health resources
- human resources - internal resources
- labor resources
- limitless resources
- local resources
- manpower resources
- marshaling of resources
- material and financial resources
- material and technical resources
- material resources
- military resources
- mineral resources
- misallocation of resources
- mismanagement of resources
- monetary resources
- national resources
- natural resources
- net flow of financial resources
- nonrenewable resources
- nonreproducible resources
- overall flow of resources
- physical resources
- pooling of resources
- potential resources
- power resources
- processing of mineral and agricultural resources
- productive resources
- rational use of resources
- rationally utilized resources
- raw material resources
- recycled resources
- redeployment of resources
- renewable natural resources
- saving of resources
- scarce resources
- specific resources
- substantial resources
- timber resources
- transfer of resources
- use of resources
- vital resources
- volume of productive resources
- waste use of natural resource
- wasteful use of natural resource
- water power resources
- water resources
- world resources -
15 arise
1. I1) unexpected consequences (some trouble, a new problem, etc.) arose (may arise) возникли (могут возникнуть) непредвиденные последствия и т.д.; а new difficulty, has arisen возникло /появилось/ новое затруднение; the question of his ability arose встал вопрос о его способностях; the question has not arisen этот вопрос [и] не возникал /не вставал/; should the occasion arise если появится возможность или необходимость; if the need should arise если возникнет [такая] необходимость2) a revolt (unrest, discontent, general confusion, etc.) arose началось восстание и т. д.; а quarrel arose вспыхнула ссора; а storm (a strong wind, etc.) arises начинается /поднимается/ буря и т. д.; а mist arose поднялся туман; а murmur (a cry, etc.) arose послышался /поднялся/ ропот и т. д2. IIarise same time such incidents (conflicts) may arise any time такие инциденты (конфликты) могут возникнуть в любое время; arise somewhere such incidents may arise anywhere такие инциденты могут возникнуть где угодно3. XVI1) arise from /out of/ smth. arise from this fact (from the treaty, from your remarks, out of the situation, out of the decisions of the conference, etc.) следовать /вытекать/ из этого факта и т. д.; different complications will arise from this affair в результате этого дела возникнут различные осложнения; his illness arises from want of food (from poor nourishment) его болезнь является следствием неудовлетворительного (плохого) питания; additional expenses arose from your delay ванна задержка привела к дополнительным расходам /затратам/; her tears arise from vexation ее слезы вызваны досадой; nothing arises out of that statement из этого утверждения ничего не следует; arise in smth. doubts arose in his mind у него появились /возникли/ сомнения2) arise against smb., smth. arise against the ruler (against the English, against tyranny, against oppression, etc.) восставать /подниматься/ против правителя и т. д.; arise from smb. a shout arose from the crowd над толпой пронесся /прокатился/ крик3) id arise from the ruins подняться из руин; arise from the dead восстать из мертвых4. XIX1arise like a phoenix from the ashes возродиться из пепла, как [птица] феникс -
16 provide
1. IIIprovide smth. provide meals (translation, lodgings, etc.) обеспечивать питанием и т.д., предоставлять питание и т.д., this archway provides an exit через эту арку можно выйти; provide an excuse (a reason, etc.) заранее предусмотреть /заготовить/ предлог и т.д.; provide a means of escape заранее обеспечить себе путь к отступлению; you have to provide your own transport вам придется самим обеспечить себя транспортом2. IVprovide smth. in some manner provide smth. liberally (duly, adequately, graciously, etc.) щедро и т.д. предоставлять что-л. /обеспечивать чем-л./3. XI1) be provided for this has been provided for это было предусмотрено заранее; be provided for in some manner be well /amply/ provided for быть хорошо обеспеченным, ни в чем не нуждаться; the family was adequately provided for in his will по завещанию его семья получила достаточные средства; be provided with smth. I am already provided with what I need у меня уже есть все, что мне надо; we were provided with supplies enough to last a fortnight нас снабдили запасами на две недели; they are well (ill) provided with clothing они хорошо (плохо) обеспечены одеждой2) be provided in (wider) smth. the rules are provided under the regulations (in the law) правила предусмотрены уставом (законом); be provided for in smth. as provided for in the clause 221... согласно статье двести двадцать первой...; it is provided for in the contract это предусмотрено договором; be provided against smth. we suffer from misfortunes which could not have been provided against мы страдаем от несчастий, которые нельзя было [заранее] предотвратить4. XVI1) provide for smb. provide for oneself (for one's children, for one's wife and children, etc.) обеспечивать себя и т.д.; provide well (handsomely, liberally, etc.) for one's family хорошо и т.д. обеспечивать семью; he could not provide for such a large family он не мог прокормить такую большую семью; provide for smth. provide for old age (for the future, for urgent needs, etc.) обеспечивать старость и т.д.; provide for-one's wants удовлетворять свой запросы; provide for the child's education предоставить средства на образование ребенка || provide for /against/ a rainy day отложить деньги или сделать запасы про черный день2) provide for (against) smth. provide for everything (for the entertainments of one's guests, for public security, for some additional expenses, etc.) предусматривать все и т.д.; in cutting material provide for shrinkage in the wash при раскрое материала учтите /добавьте на/ усадку [при стирке]; provide against famine (against a shortage of coal, against cold weather, etc.) обеспечить себя на случай голода и т.д.; our insurance provides against the theft of the car в нашей страховке предусмотрена компенсация в случае угона машины; provide against accidents принять меры для устранения несчастных случаев5. XVIIprovide for doing smth. when cutting the cloth for my suit leave enough at the edges to provide for my getting fatter при раскрое материала мне на костюм оставьте запасы в швах на случай, если я пополнею6. XXI11) provide smb. with smth. provide smb. with food (with books and maps, with warm clothes, with money, with. ammunition, etc.) снабжать /обеспечивать/ кого-л. продуктами питания и т.д.; they provided us with a room for the night они предоставили нам комнату для ночлега; we shall provide you with employment an demobilization по демобилизации мы обеспечим вас работой; sheep provide us with wool овцы дают нам шерсть; he provided his boy with a good education он дал своему сыну хорошее образование; provide oneself with a camera (with an umbrella, with food and weapons, etc.) запастись фотоаппаратом и т.д.; provide smth. for smb., smth. provide food for one's family (books for the pupils, etc.) обеспечивать свою семью питанием /своей семье питание/ и т.д.; provide an opportunity for all of us предоставить всем нам какую-л. возможность; they provided a special train for the guests гостям был выделен специальный поезд; such events provide matter for newspapers подобные события provide интересный материал для газет; provide smth. with smth. provide a staircase with banisters (a building with fire-escapes, etc.) сделать на лестнице перила и т.д.; provide a house with electricity провести в доме электричество2) provide smb. against smth. provide the children against danger обеспечить безопасность детей7. XXIIprovide smth. for doing smth. provide everything necessary for gardening (materials for building, etc.) обеспечивать всем необходимым для садоводства и т.д.8. XXVprovide that... the clause (the agreement, the contract, the rule, etc.) provides that... статья и т.д. предусматривает, что...; the rules provide that you can't leave the camp without permission no действующим правилам нельзя покидать территорию лагеря без разрешения -
17 instruct
[ɪn'strʌkt]гл.1) инструктировать, учить, обучать, наставлятьThe college will need an additional teacher to instruct the girls in cooking. — Колледжу нужен дополнительный преподаватель, чтобы обучать девочек кулинарии.
The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons. — Для солдат был проведён полный инструктаж о том, как обращаться с оружием.
Syn:2) инструктировать, отдавать указания, приказыватьWe were instructed where to meet. — Нас проинструктировали, где встречаться.
She instructed us to begin work at once. — Она приказала нам сейчас же начать работу.
Syn:3) информировать, сообщатьWe were instructed that the matter had already been settled by our lawyers. — Нам сообщили, что вопрос уже решён нашими адвокатами.
Syn:4) юр.а) знакомить с материалами дела; поручать ( адвокату) ведение делаб) инструктировать, напутствовать ( присяжных) -
18 stop over
фраз. гл. остановиться в пути, сделать остановкуAre you allowed to stop over without additional cost? — Вы можете сделать остановку в пути без дополнительных затрат?
We need two days for the journey, stopping over at a small town on the way. — Для нашего путешествия нам нужно два дня, с ночёвкой в маленьком городке, через который мы будем проезжать.
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19 spare
1. n запасная часть2. n запасная шина3. n спорт. запасной игрок4. a запасной, запасный, резервный; дополнительный5. a лишний6. a скудный, скромный, умеренный7. a строгий8. a худой, тонкий, тощий; худощавый9. v беречь, сберегать, жалетьI never spare myself — я себя не жалею, я не жалею своих сил
10. v экономить, расходовать экономно11. v обходитьсяa man of a kind that can ill be spared — человек, без которого трудно обойтись
12. v уделять13. v иметь в излишкеto take pains, to spare no pains — прилагать все усилия
14. v щадить, избавлять15. v редк. воздерживатьсяСинонимический ряд:1. lean (adj.) angular; bony; compact; emaciated; gaunt; lank; lanky; lean; rangy; rawboned; raw-boned; scraggy; scrawny; skinny; slender; slight; slim; thin; tight2. meager (adj.) bare; exiguous; frugal; meager; meagre; parsimonious; poor; puny; restricted; scant; scanty; scrimp; scrimpy; skimp; skimpy; sparing; sparse; stingy3. superfluous (adj.) additional; de trop; excess; extra; recrementitious; reserved; supererogatory; superfluent; superfluous; supernumerary; surplus4. acquit (verb) acquit; exonerate; liberate; pardon5. defend (verb) defend; protect; shelter6. exempt (verb) absolve; discharge; dispense; excuse; exempt; let off; privilege from; relieve7. save (verb) economise; lay aside; lay away; reserve; save; set apart; set aside8. scrimp (verb) pinch; scant; scrape; screw; scrimp; short; skimp; stint9. withhold (verb) forbear; keep from; omit; refrain from; withholdАнтонимический ряд:bountiful; expend; generous; indulge; lavish; liberal; plentiful; pour; profuse; scatter -
20 power factor compensation
компенсация коэффициента мощности
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
компенсация реактивной мощности
-EN
reactive power compensation
an action to optimize the transmission of reactive power in the network as a whole
[МЭС 603-04-28]FR
compensation de l'énergie réactive
action dont le but est d'optimiser globalement le transport d'énergie réactive dans le réseau
[МЭС 603-04-28]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Reactive energy management
In electrical networks, reactive energy results in increased line currents for a given active energy transmitted to loads.
The main consequences are:
• Need for oversizing of transmission and distribution networks by utilities,
• Increased voltage drops and sags along the distribution lines,
• Additional power losses.
This results in increased electricity bills for industrial customers because of:• Penalties applied by most utilities on reactive energy,
• Increased overall kVA demand,
• Increased energy consumption within the installations.
Reactive energy management aims to optimize your electrical installation by reducing energy consumption, and to improve power availability.
Total CO2 emissions are also reduced.
Utility power bills are typically reduced by 5 % to 10 %.
[Schneider Electric]Компенсация реактивной мощности
Передача по электрической сети реактивной энергии приводит к увеличению линейных токов (по сравнению токами, протекающими при передаче нагрузкам только активной энергии).
Основные последствия этого явления:
● необходимость увеличения сечения проводников в сетях передачи и распределения электроэнергии;
● повышенное падение и провалы напряжения в распределительных линиях;
● дополнительные потери электроэнергии;
Для промышленных потребителей такие потери приводят к возрастанию расходов на оплату электроэнергии, что вызвано:● штрафами, накладываемыми поставщиками электроэнергии за избыточную реактивную мощность;
● увеличением потребления полной мощности (измеряемой в кВА);
● повышенным энергопотреблением электроустановок.Цель компенсации реактивной мощности (КРМ) – оптимизация работы электроустановки за счет сокращения потребления энергии и увеличения надежности электроснабжения. Кроме того, КРМ позволяет уменьшить выбросы CO2 и сократить расходы на электроэнергию в среднем на 5-10 %.
[Перевод Интент]Наиболее эффективным способом снижения потребляемой из сети реактивной мощности является применение установок компенсации реактивной мощности (конденсаторных установок).
Использование конденсаторных установок позволяет:- разгрузить питающие линии электропередачи, трансформаторы и распределительные устройства;
- снизить расходы на оплату электроэнергии;
- при использовании определенного типа установок снизить уровень высших гармоник;
- подавить сетевые помехи, снизить несимметрию фаз;
- увеличить надежность и экономичность распределительных сетей.
На практике коэффициент мощности после компенсации находится в пределах от 0,93 до 0,99.
Наибольший экономический эффект достигается при размещении компенсирующих устройств вблизи электроприемников, потребляющих реактивную мощность.
Различают следующие виды компенсации:-
индивидуальная (нерегулируемая) компенсация
Целесообразна, если мощность электроприемника больше 20 кВт и потребляемая мощность постоянна в течение длительного времени.
Компенсирующая нерегулируемая установка подключается непосредственно у потребителя. Как правило, применяется для компенсации реактивной мощности таких потребителей, как мощные компрессоры, вентиляторы и насосы, силовые трансформаторы. - групповая (нерегулируемая) компенсация
- централизованная компенсация
Для ламп типа ДРЛ, ДРИ, ДРИЗ, ДНаТ может применяться как групповая, так и индивидуальная компенсация реактивной мощности
[ПУЭ]Тематики
Синонимы
Сопутствующие термины
- конденсатор компенсации реактивной мощности
- конденсаторная батарея компенсации реактивной мощности
- контроллер компенсации реактивной мощности
- недостаточная компенсация реактивной мощности
- перекомпенсация реактивной мощности
- потребляемая реактивная мощность
- ступень компенсации реактивной мощности
- установка КРМ
- устройства динамической компенсации реактивной мощности
EN
- energy compensation
- management of reactive energy
- power factor compensation
- reactive energy management
- reactive power compensation
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > power factor compensation
- 1
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