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61 ὄμβρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rain, shower, thunder rain', also `rainwater', metaph. `water' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in ὀμβρο-φόρος `bringing rain' (A., Ar.); often as 2. member, e.g. ἔπ-, κάτ-ομβρος `rainy, wet because of rain' (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 108f., 145).Derivatives: Several adj.: ὄμβρ-ιος `belonging to rain, like rain' (Pi., Ion.), - ηρός `wet' (Hes.), - ηλός `id.' (Theognost.: cf. ὑδρηλός and Chantraine Form. 242), - ώδης `abundant in rain' (Thphr.), - ικός `id.' (Vett. Val.), - ιμος = `belonging to rain, rainy' (Nic. Th. 388, v.l., PMag. Lond.; Arbenz 25); also ἀνομβρήεις `abundant in rain' (Nic. Al. 288, Ὄλυμπος, from ἀν-ομβρέω; cf. below). -- Subst. ὀμβρία f. `rain' (sch.; cf. ἀντλία, ὑετία a.o., Scheller Oxytonierung 54f.). -- Verbs: 1. ὀμβρέω, - ῆσαι, also with ἀν-, ἐπ- a.o., `to (make) rain, to bewet' (Hes., LXX, A. R.) with ( ἐπ-)όμβρησις f. `raining etc.' (Suid., sch.), ὄμβρημα n. `rainwater' (LXX); 2. ὀμβρίζω = - έω (Eust.); 3. ὀμβροῦται imbricitur (Gloss.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With ὄμβρος one compares first Lat. imber, - ris -n. `rain(shower)' with the same meaning with perh. second. i-flexion; Further, with slightly deviating meaning, Skt. abhrá-m n. `cloud'. One assumed that β after nasal could represent an aspirate, which is wrong (pace Schwyzer 333), so abhra- must be left out (for imber also * embhro- is possible). One assumed in these words an r-stem and beside it an s-stem, which was seen in Skt. ámbhas n. `water', also `rainwater' [for the same reason Arm. amb, amp, gen. -oy `cloud' must be left out.] -- There is no connection with νέφος, νεφέλη etc. -- Further several Europ. rivernames of Celt. origin(?) have been compared with ὄμβρος, e.g. NHG Amper, Engl. Amber. -- So wrong Pok. 315f. - So ομβρος has no etymology; Szemerenyi, Syncope 241f, 249 assumes a loanword (= a Pre-Greek word).Page in Frisk: 2,384-385Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄμβρος
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62 ὁρμή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `onset, assault, onrush, outset, effort' (Il.).Compounds: As seeming 2. member in ἐφορμή `onset, assault' (χ 130, Th.), ἀφορμή `starting point, resource etc.' (IA.), bakformations from ἐφ-, ἀφ-ορμάω (cf. Chantraine Form. 149).Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. ὁρμαίνω, - ῆναι rarely w. ἐφ-, ὑπερ-, `to (re)consider, to ponder' (Il.; on the meaning against μερμηρίζω a. o. Chr. Voigt Überlegung und Entscheidung. Berlin-Chbg. 1934), `to put in violent motion, to be eager' (A., Pi., B.); here ὁρμανόν ἀνεστηκός, χαλεπόν H. ?; analog. ὁρμάστειρα f. `she who urges on' (Orph. H.) like θερμάστρα a.o. beside θερμαίνω. 2. ὁρμάω -ῆσαι, often w. prefix, esp. ἀφ-, ἐφ-, παρ-, ἐξ-, `to incite, to excite', intr. (also midd.) `to rise quickly, to charge, to set off, to begin' (Il.) with ὁρμήματα pl. `onrush' (Β 356 = 590; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 184f.), ( παρ-)όρμημα n. `onset, incitement' (LXX, Epicur.), ( παρ-, ἐφ-, ἐξ-)όρμησις f. `incitement, onset, assault, eagerness' (X., Plb.); ὁρμ-ητήριον, Dor. - ᾶτήριον n. `(operation) base' (Att., Cret. III--IIa), - ητής m. `he who urges on' (Philostr. Iun.), - ητίας m. `id.' (Eust.), ( ἐφ-, ἀφ-, παρ-, ἐξ-)ορμητικός `offensive, desiring, eager etc.' (Ti. Locr., Arist.); backformation ἄφορμος `setting off, leaving' (S.).Etymology: Since Pott a.o. (s. Curtius 347), prob. correctly, compared with Skt. sárma- m. `flowing, streaming' (only RV 1, 80, 5; IE *sór-mo-: *sor-mā́), from a verb Skt. sí-sar-ti, sár-ati `flow, stream', also `hurry, drive etc.', which is formally excellent (cf. Porzig 283 f.), semantically quite possible. Inside Greek one might also compare ὄρνυμι `arouse' (Sommer Lautst. 133 w. n.1; cf. Chantraine Form. 149 f.); on the asper s. ἅρμα. -- Difficult to judge is ἑρμή ἔξοδος H. with the variant ἐρίμη `id.'; premature comclusions in Specht Ursprung 164 after Fick KZ 43, 132.Page in Frisk: 2,419-420Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁρμή
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63 οὑρέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to urinate' (IA. since Hes.).Derivatives: ( ἐξ-, ἀπ-)οὔρησις f. `micturition', - ητήρ m., - ήθρα, ion. -η `urethra', - ημα n. `urine', - ητικός `often urinating, promoting urine' (Hp., Arist.); also as backformation οὖρον n. `urine' (Hdt., Hp., Thphr.), with a.o. δυσουρ-έω `to have difficulties with micturition', - ία f. `difficult micturition' (medic. u.a.) as from *δύσ-ουρος. From οὖρον or οὑρέω: οὑράνη f. `chamber-pot' (A.Fr., S.Fr.), = οὑρητήρ (Poll.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??] *u̯ers- `urinate' [cf. p. 80]Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation *Ϝορσέω to the primary root-pres. in Skt. várṣati `rain' (IE *u̯érseti), euphemistic expression for ὀμείχω (Wackernagel KZ 29, 129 = Kl. Schr. 1, 632); cf. οὑρανός and ἕρση. Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 268f., Pok. 80f., W.-Hofmann s. ūrīna. On ūrīna also Scheller Mus. Helv. 18, 140ff.Page in Frisk: 2,447Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑρέω
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64 πάσχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to get an impression, to experience, to undergo, to suffer' (Il.).Derivatives: 1. πένθος n. `sorrow, grief' (Il.) with several derivv.: πενθέω, - ῆσαι `to grieve, to sorrow' (Il.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349) with πένθ-ημα, - ήμων, - ητήρ (Benveniste Noms d'agent 42), f. - ήτρια a.o.; also πένθ-ιμος `belonging to grief' (poet.; after θανάσιμος? Arbenz 79 f.), - ικός `id.' (X., LXX), - ηρός `id.' (Anaxil.); Πενθεύς m. PN reshaping of Τενθεύς (Schwyzer 295 w. lit.). 2. πάθος n. `experience, passion, suffering' (IA.); also πάθ-η f., - ημα n. `id.' (Chantraine Form. 22 f., 190), - ησις, - ητικός, - ικός a.o.; referring to ἀντι-, συμ-παθεῖν `to feel repulsion resp. sympathy': ἀντι-, συμ-παθής with - εια, - έω (Ar., hell.). Denominative παθ-αίνομαι, - αίνω `to be filled with π., to arouse π.' (hell.). 3. From present: πασχ-ητιάω `to feel an (unnatural) lust' (Luc., D. C.; Schwyzer 732) with - ητιασμός (Luc.). -- On the development of the meaning of παθεῖν a. cogn. s. H. Dörrie Leid und Erfahrung. Die Wort- u. Sinnverbindung.. im griech. Denken. Mainz 1956.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The zero grade in πάσχω (\< *πάθ-σκ-ω; El. πάσκω with restored σκ) and παθεῖν forms with the full grade in πείσομαι (\< *πένθ-σ-ομαι) and πένθος and the ο-form in πέ-πονθ-α an old ablautsystem; details on the phonetics and morphology in Schwyzer 337, 708, 747, 769 a. 781. -- Not certainly explained. Since Fick BB 8, 331 (further lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 513) usu. connected with Lith. kenčiù `suffer, endure' and OIr. cēss(a)im `id.'; the to be assumed basis *kʷenth-i̯ō resp. * kʷenth-tō or kʷenth-sō (Pok. 641), with πένθος for *τένθος after παθεῖν etc., is doubtful because of the th. Formally close, but semantically difficult is the connection with IE * bhendh- `bind' (s. πενθερός); after Pedersen REIE 1, 192 ff. and E. Leumann ZII 6, 10 suffering would have been interpreted as a (magical) binding; `suffer' from `being bound'. The intransitive (passive) meaning is not sufficiently argued. -- S. also πῆμα.Page in Frisk: 2,478-479Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάσχω
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65 πέδη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `shackle, fetter' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. -α, mostly pl. - αι.Compounds: Often as 2. member, esp. in poets and in late prose, e.g. ἱστο-πέδη; s. on ἱστός with lit.Derivatives: Dimin. πεδ-ίσκη f. (Thebes IIIa), - ιον n. (EM); πεδή-της m. `fettered one, prisoner' (com., Herod., LXX), πέδων, - ωνος m. `id.' (Ar. Fr. 837); denonminative πεδ-άω, - ῆσαι, rarely w. κατα-, ἀμφι-, συν- `to fetter, to bind, to shackle' (esp. poet. since Il.), with πεδα-τάς m. (Dor.) `fetterer' (AP).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [790] *ped- `foot'Etymology: Deriv. of the old word for `foot', which in Greek has o-ablaut in πούς (s. v.); cf. πέδον, - ίον, - ιλον, πέζα. Similar Lat. ped-ica `shackle', im-ped-iō `hinder', Germ. e.g. OWNo. fjǫturr m. `shackle' (PGm. * fetura-); s. W.-Hofmann s. v., WP. 2, 24f., Pok. 792.Page in Frisk: 2,485Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέδη
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66 πείνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hunger, famine' (ο 407, Pl.).Other forms: younger πεῖνα (Pl. R. 437d, Arist.)Compounds: As 2. member in γεω-πείνης `hungry for land, poor in land' (Hdt.) with retained - η-ς (cf. Schwyzer 451; not with Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 101 from πεινῆν); with transition in the ο-stems ὀξύ-πεινος `very hungry' (Arist.), πρόσ-πεινος `hungry' (medic., Act. Ap. 10, 10).Derivatives: πειν-αλέος `hungry' (com., Plu., AP; after διψαλέος a.o.), - ώδης `id.' (Gal.). -- Beside πείνη, -α stands a verb `to hunger, to be hungry' in πεινά̄ων ptc. (Il.), πεινήμεναι inf. (υ 137), πειν-ῆν, -ῃ̃ς, -ῃ̃ (Ar., Pl.). - ήσω, - ῆσαι, πε-πείνηκα (Hdt., Att.); later πειν-ᾶν, -ᾳ̃, -ά̄σω, - ᾶσαι (LXX); rarely with δια-, ὑπο-, ὑπερ-, ἀνα-. The pair πείνη, -α: πεινῆν is parallel to the close δίψα, -η: διψῆν. Like δίψα to διψῆν could also πείνη be a backformation to πεινῆν; the two sytems may have inflenced each other, which makes a judgement more difficult.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. Hypothetical comparisons with Lat. paene, pēnūria and with πένομαι in Curtius 271, Prellwitz and Bq; also WP. 2, 8 a. 661, Pok. 988, Hofmann Et. Wb. s.v.; cf. also Georgacas Άφιέρ. Τριανταφυλλίδη 512 f. The explanation of πεινῆν from πενι̯-ᾱσ-ι̯ω to Lat. āreō (Schulze Kl. Schr. 328f.) is to be rejected. Cf. δίψα w. lit. On the formation also Scheller Oxytonierung 39 A. 3 (w. lit.). - Furnée 339, 378 compares ἠ-παν-ᾳ̃\/ εῖ ἀπορεῖ, which is rather doubtful. - πεῖνα may be the older form (De Lamberterie, RPh. LXXIV (2000)280; in that case the short -α may be the Pre-Greek ending.Page in Frisk: 2,488-489Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πείνη
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67 πέρᾱ
πέρᾱGrammatical information: adv., also as prep. w. gen.Meaning: `beyond, further, longer, more, past' (Att.).Derivatives: Besides πέρᾱν, Ion. - ην adv., also prep. w. gen. `over, across, beyond, opposite to' (Il.). -- Adj. περαῖος `ulterior', esp. ἡ περαία ( χώρα, γῆ) `the country on the other side', also as PN (Hdt., A. R., Plb., Str.). From it 1. Περαΐτης m. `inhabitant of the Περαία' (J.; Redard 26 and 239 n. 24); 2. περαιόθεν `from the other side' (A. R., Arat.); 3. περαιόομαι, - όω, also w. δια- a.o., `to cross over, to bring over' (since ω 437), `to accomplish' (Gort.), `to end' (medic.) with περαίωσις f. `crossing' (Str., Plu.). -- Denominative verb περάω, aor. - ᾶσαι, Ion. - ῆσαι, also w. prefix, esp. δια- and ἐκ-, `to pass through, to go through, to travel through, to go beyond, to reach the end' (Il.) with ( δια-)πέρ-αμα n. `crossing' (Str.), ἐκπέρ-αμα n. `coming out of' (A.), πέρ-ασις f. `stepping through' (S.), - άσιμος `crossable, passable' (E., Str.); - ατός, Ion. - ητός `id.' (Pi., Hdt.); - ατής m. `ferryman' (Suid., Procl.); but in the sense of `stranger, emigrant' (LXX) prob. from πέρᾱ(ν); thus περᾱ-τικός `coming from a strange (ulterior) country, foreign' (Peripl. M. Rubr.), and - τός `id.' (pap. IIIa). -- Often w. strengthening ἀντι-: ἀντι-πέραια n. pl. `the stretches of coast on the opposite side' (Β 635), - αια f. sg. (A. R., Nonn.); ἀντι-πέρας `opposite to' (Th., X.; on the ending below), - πέραν, - ην (hell.), -πέρᾱ (Ev. Luc.) `id.'; - πέρηθε(ν) `from the opposite coast' (A. R., AP).Etymology: Both πέρᾱ and πέρᾱν are frozen caseforms, the latter acc. of a noun *πέρᾱ f. (Schwyzer 621), the first polyinterpret. (instr. f. or nom. pl. n.?). To this were adapted, prob. as innovations, the gen. in ἀντι-πέρας and in ἐκ πέρας Ναυπακτίας (A. Supp. 262) as well as the nominal acc. in Χαλκίδος πέραν ἔχων (A.Ag. 190 [lyr.]) and in πέρανδε (Argos Va). -- With πέρᾱ may be equated formally Skt. párā and Av. para `off, away, on the side'; these belong to the adj. Skt. pára-, Av. OP. para- `farther, of the other side'. Uncertain is the comparison of πέρᾱν with Lat. per-peram `wrong, false', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Cf. πέρι and πάρος w. further connections and lit.Page in Frisk: 2,510-511Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέρᾱ
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68 πλαταγέω
πλαταγέω, - ῆσαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to rattle, to crash, to clap (one's hands)' (Ψ 102 συμπλατάγησεν [v. 1. - πατ-], hell. poet.).Derivatives: - ημα n. `bang' (Theoc.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Besides πλαταγ-ή f. `rattle, steed' (Hellanic., Pherecyd., Arist., A. R.), - ών `id.' (sch. Theoc.), - ώνιον n. `broad petal of the poppy or anemone' (Theoc.), - ωνίσας ἀποληκυθίσας καὶ ψοφήσας H. -- Also πλατάσσω = - αγέω (Suid.). -- Tranformation of παταγέω etc. (s. v.) after πλήσσω, πληγή?; s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 120 f. [improbable] -- Cf. πλατυγίζω. -- The wor may well be Pre-Greek (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,552Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλαταγέω
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69 ποθέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to desire, to long for, to miss' (Il.).Other forms: Inf. - ήμεναι (Od.), ind. - ήω (Sapph.), aor. ποθ-έσαι (Il.), - ῆσαι (IA.), fut. - έσομαι (Att.), - ήσω (IA.), perf. πεπόθ-ηκα, - ημαι (late).Compounds: Rarely w. prefix, esp. ἐπι-.Derivatives: ( ἐπι-) πόθ-ησις, - ημα (Aq., Ep. Cor. a.o.), ἐπιποθ-ία (Ep. Rom.) `longing'; also ποθ-ητύς f. `id.' (Opp.; Benveniste Noms d'agent 73), - ήτωρ m. `desirous person' (Man.). -- Besides πόθος m. `desire, longing, love' (Il.), also as plantname (Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Pfl.namen 107 w. lit.), ποθή f. `id.' (Hom., late prose), with ποθεινός `longed for' (Lyr., trag., also Att. prose), after ἀλγεινός a.o.; - ινός `id.' (AP); on πόθος: ποθή Bolelli Stud. itfllcl. N. S. 24, 111ff.Etymology: Beside the present ποθέω stands a primary verb, which is best represented through the aorist θέσσασθαι (s. v.); it is therefore obvious to take ποθέω as an orig. iterative-intensive and to equate it wih a corresponding Celt. formation, OIr. guidiu `pray' (Schwyzer 719, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348 f.). From primary verb were also the nom. actionis πόθος, ποθή derived, IE *gʷhódh-os\/, -ā́, to which ποθέω because of its strong phonetic differentition from the main verb was considered as denom. -- The mentioned verbal nouns have no correspondence outside Greek; note however a Celt. i̯ā-derivation, OIr. guide f. `prayer' (from *gʷhodh-i̯ā; cf. ἐπιποθ-ία). To the s. θέσσασθαι mentioned Celt. and Iran. words belong several, for Greek unimportant, cognates in Balto-Slav., e.g. the nasal verbs Lith. pa-si-gendù, -gedaũ, -gèsti `miss, long for', OCS žęždǫ, žędati `desire, long for, thirst', s. Fraenkel s. gèsti 2 and Vasmer s. žadátь w. lit.; on the whole still WP. 1, 673, Pok. 488.Page in Frisk: 2,570Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποθέω
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70 πτοέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to frighten, scare', pass. `to become shy, scared, passionately excited' (Thgn.).Other forms: ep. πτοιέω (s.bel.; πτοιῶμαι Thgn. 1018), fut. πτοιήσω (AP), aor. πτο(ι)ῆσαι (σ 340; ἐπτόαισ' Sapph. 22, 14, ἐπτόασεν 31,6 codd.; cf. Hamm Gramm. $ 49 b 3), mostly pass. πτο(ι)ηθῆναι (χ 298; ἐπτοάθης E. IA 586 [lyr.]), perf. ἐπτο(ί)ημαι (Hes. Op. 447).Derivatives: 1. πτο(ί)η-σις f. `excitement, passion' (Pl., Ph., NT); 2. πτο-ία, ep. - ίη, rarely -η, -α f. `fright, passion' (hell.) with πτοι-ώδης (Hp.), - αλέος (Opp.) `scared, frightened'.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Secondary formation, prob. iterative-intensive to the in κατα-πτή-την, πε-πτη-ώς retained primary verb (s. πτήσσω); so πτο-έω prob. for *πτω-έω (cf. πτώ-ξ). From πτοέω with metr. lengthening πτοιέω etc. (cf. e.g. ὀλοιός and πνοιή). Beside πτοέω rarely πτοάω (s. ab.) as e.g. πονάω beside πονέω (s. πένομαι). -- The old combination with Lat. paveō `tremble' (Froehde KZ 22, 259 ff.) is by Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 56 accepted from a new starting point (IE *tpou̯-).Page in Frisk: 2,615Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτοέω
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71 πωλέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to offer for sale, to sell' (IA.).Derivatives: 1. Nom. actionis: πώλ-ησις f. `sale (X. a.o.),- ημα n. `sale, sold merchandise' (inscr. Tauro- menion a.o.); backformation -ή, Dor. -ά f. `sale' (Sophr., Hyp. fr.). 2. Nom. agentis: πωλ-ητής m. `seller', des. of a financial official (Att. etc.), also - ητήρ m. `id.' (Delph. IVa a.o.), f. - ήτρια `seller' (Poll.), λαχανο- πωλέω (Ar.) a.o.; - πώλης m., - πωλις f. unlimited productive in compounds, e.g. ἀλλαντο-πώλης `sausage-seller' with ἀλλαντο-πωλ-έω etc., ἀρτό-πωλις `bread-seller, baker' (Ar. a.o.), cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 26 a. 109 w. n. 3, Schwyzer 451; from this as momentary formation the simplex πώλης (Ar.). 3. Nom. loci - ητήριον `selling-booth' (X. a.o.). 4. Adj. - ητικός `belonging to sale' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 134), - ιμος `for sale' (hell. pap.).Etymology: Acc. to its formation πωλέω must be an iterative-intensive deverbative, though neither in Greek nor in the related languages a corresponding primary verb can be shown with certainty. However Skt. páṇate `purchase, buy' can represent an old nasalpresent in MInd. form IE *pl̥-nā-ti). With this n-present is clearly related (except Skt. paṇa- n. `bet, stake, wages') a Balto-Slav. noun: Lith. pel̃nas `gain, profit, merit', Slav., e.g. OCS plěnъ ' λάφυρον', Russ. polón `captivity, booty'; IE * pel-no-s. From Germ. come two isolated adj.: OWNo. falr `vendible' (IE * polo-s), OHG fāli `id.' (IE *pēli̯o-s; formation like OWNo. ǣtr = Skt. ādyàs `eatable' \< IE *ēdi̯o-s); besides OHG feili, NHG feil with unexplained vocalism. Further details w. lit. in Mayrhofer s. páṇate, Fraenkel s. pel̃nas, Vasmer s. polón; older lit. in Bq and WP. 2, 51 (Pok. 804). -- Semant. πωλέω is close to ἐμπολή `trade(ware), purchase, gain' (s.v.), which is usu. connected with πέλομαι prop. *'turn (oneself)'; for πωλέω to πέλομαι Schwyzer 720. With this combination one should abandon the words mentioned above from IE * pel-. -- Cf. the lit. on πέρνημι.Page in Frisk: 2,633Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πωλέω
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72 ῥοφέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Fut. ῥοφήσομαι, -ω, aor. ῥοφῆσαι (Ar., X., Arist.; also Hp.), Ion. (Hippon., Hp.) ῥυφέω, - ῆσαι, also ῥυμφάνω (Jouanna, RPh 55 (1981)205-13). Rarely - άω (late).Derivatives: ῥόφ-ημα ( ῥύφ-) n. "dish, which is slurped", `thick broth, soup' (Hp., Arist.) with - ημάτιον (A. D.), - ηματώδης `soup-like' (medic.); - ησις ( ἀνα-, κατα-) f. `slurping' (Arist., medic.), - ητός `apt for slurping' (Str., medic.), - ητικός `slurping' (Str.); also ῥόμμα = ῥόφημα, ῥοπτός = ῥοφητός (Hp. ap. Gal.), as if from ῥόφω (EM); ῥόφισμα n. (Cyran.: *ῥοφίζω).Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation with many near cognates, which mostly represent a zero grade, IE *sr̥bh-; Arm. arbi `I drank' (pres. ǝmpem prob. to πίνω), Lith. surbiù, sur̃bti `suck', OCS srъbati, Russ. serbátь `slurp', Lat. sorbeō `id.'. Given these forms one is tempted to consider also ῥυφέω as zero grade (Schwyzer 351 f.). A primary full grade present is retained in Lith. srebiù, srė̃bti `eat (liquid food) wit a spoon', IE * srebh-; beside it IE * serbh- in Alb. gjerp `slurp' (the form seems to go back on *sorbʰ-eyō, Huld Alb. Etymologies 143). To a primary verb with remarkable o-vocalism (prob. after ῥοφέω) seem to go back also ῥόμμα, ῥοπτός. The widespread family is also found in German. (e.g. MHG sürpfeln, Swed. sörpla `slurp' with secondary pf resp. p) and in Iran. (Psht. rawdǝl `suck' a.o.; Morgenstierne Pashto s.v., Sarūpa- Bhāratī [1954] 1). -- WP. 2, 704, Pok. 1001, W.-Hofmann s. sorbeō, Fraenkel s. sur̃bti, Vasmer s. serbátь w. further forms a. lit. -- Cf. ῥυβδέω. -- The form ῥυφ- will rather be an (omomatop.?) byform.Page in Frisk: 2,663Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥοφέω
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73 ῥυβδέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: - ῆσαι (μ 106; simplex only here).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Etymology: The notation with υ, in the mss. (after ῥοιβδέω) often ousted by οι, is confirmed through the word-play with Χάρυβδις; s. Bechtel Lex. s. ῥοιβδέω, Wackernagel Unt. 83. -- No doubt to ῥυφέω (s. ῥοφέω); with βδ after ῥοιβδέω? An adv. ῥύβδην (wr. οι) = δαψιλῶς is cited by Phot. and after it by Bergk introduced in Hippon. 35 for ῥύδην; hardly correctly, s. Masson ad loc.Page in Frisk: 2,663-664Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥυβδέω
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74 σιληπορδέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: vulgar expression for a boisterous and mischievous gesture (Sophr. 164, Posidon. 36 J., H., Phot.); cf. NGr. τσιληπουρδῶ = σκιρτάω, λακτίζω etc., also = πέρδομαι; τσιληπούρδισμα `breaking wind of horses'.Other forms: Dor. σιλᾱ-, aor. - ῆσαι.Derivatives: σιληπορδία f. (Luc. Lex. 21).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like κερτομέω, λοιδορέω etc. σιληπορδέω also with dark 1. element agrees with the denominative type βουκολέω (Schwyzer 726). Because of the Island name Πορδοσιλήνη one tries to connect Σιληνός ; s. Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351ff.; also 12, 223f., 14, 231 and 18, 237f. (against Bogiatzides Άθ. 29, Άρχ. 68ff. and P. Maas Byz.-neugr. Jbb. 3, 79, KZ 54, 156ff.). Cf. σίλλος.Page in Frisk: 2,705Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σιληπορδέω
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75 σιωπάω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to be silent, to keep secret', also `to silence' (Hom.).Other forms: Aor. - ῆσαι (Il.), fut. - ήσομαι (Att.), - ήσω (Aeschin., hell. a. late), perf. σεσιώπηκα, pass. σιωπηθῆναι, - ηθήσομαι (Att.).Derivatives: σιωπ-ή f. `silence' (Pi., att.), very often dat. -ῃ̃ `in silence, still' (also Hom.), - ηλός (E., Arist., Call. etc.), - ηρός (X., AP) `silent', - ησις f. (also ἀπο-, παρα-, ὑπο-) `the being silent, muting' (Rhet. a. o.). -- Besides σωπάω in διασωπάσομαι, σεσωπαμένον (Pi.), εὑσωπία ἡσυχία H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: From the broader attested and prob. older (?) σιγάω, σιγή, σῖγα not to be separated; perh. expressive cross with an other word (to Lat. sōpiō etc.?; cf. on ὕπνος). Genetic connection with Germ., e.g. Goth. sweiban `stop, suspend' (Curtius 379 with Fick, Persson BB 19, 265ff. a.o.; s. Bq) assuming an IE variation su̯ii̯ōp-: su̯īp- or a reduplication σι-σϜωπ- (IE su̯ō[i]p-: su̯īp-) is not credible. With Germ. agrees better σίπτα σιώπα Μεσσάπιοι H. -- Cf. on σῖγα w. further lit. -- Beekes, FS Kortlandt, assumes a Pre-Greek form *syōp- (or better *syup-).Page in Frisk: 2,713-714Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σιωπάω
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76 σκέπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to look around, to look back, to spy, to contemplate, to consider, to survey' (Il; Att. has fo it σκοπέω, - έομαι; s. below)Other forms: Aor. σκέψασθαι (Od.), fut. σκέψομαι, perf. ἔσκεμμαι (IA.), aor. pass. σκεφθῆναι (Hp.), σκεπ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι (LXX).Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: 1. σκέψις ( ἐπί-, κατά- σκέπτομαι a.o.) `contemplation, deliberation, examination' (IA.). 2. σκέμ-μα (rarely w. δια- a. o.) `examination, problem' (Hp., Pl. a. o.). 3. σκεπτ-οσύνη f. = σκέψις (Timo, Cerc.). 4. - ήριον n. `test' (Man.). 5. - ικός ( ἐπι-, δια- σκέπτομαι) `cogitating, revising', οἱ σκέπτομαι name of a philos. sect (hell. a. late). B. With ο-ablaut: 1. σκοπός m. (f.) `spy, guard, scout; goal, purpose' (Il.) with hypostases: ἐπί-σκοπος, adv. -α `hitting the goal' (Hdt., trag., late), ἀπό-σκοπος `missing the goal' (Emp.); σκόπ-ιμος `purposive, appropriate' (late; Arbenz 97); as 2. member, e.g. οἰωνο-σκόπος m. `bird-watcher' with - έω, - ία, - ικός, - εῖον (E., hell. a. late). 2. To the prefixcompp.: ἐπί-, κατά-, πρό-σκοπος m. `spy, supervisor, foresighted etc.' (Hom., Pi., IA.). 3. σκοπή ( κατα-, ἐπι- a. o.) f., the spying, watch-tower' (Att. etc.) with σκοπάω (Ar. Fr. 854). 4. σκοπιά, Ion. - ιή f. `mountain-, castle-watching-place, mountain-summit, watch-tower' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose; favoured by the metre, Scheller Oxytonierung 82 f.) with σκοπ-ιήτης m. `summit dweller' = Πάν (Paus.), - ιάζω ( ἀπο-) `to spy, to look out' (ep. Il.), - ιάομαι `to percieve' (Il.; only w. δια-). 5. σκοπέω, - έομαι iterat.-intensive to σκέπτομαι (Pi., IA.), non-pres. forms late: σκοπ-ῆσαι, - ήσασθαι, - ήσω, - ήσομαι, ἐσκόπημαι. 6. σκοπεύω ( κατα-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-), prob. second. for σκοπέω (Schwyzer 732; X., LXX, pap. etc.) with σκόπ-ευσις, - ευτής (Aq.), - εῖα n. pl. (Procl.). -- S. also σκόπελος and σκώψ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [984] *speḱ- `see sharply, spy'Etymology: As old yot-present σκέπτομαι stands with metathesis (Schwyzer 268) for *σπέκ-ι̯ομαι, which is identical with Lat. speciō, Av. spasyeiti and (except for anl. s-) with Skt. páśyati `see'. The aor. σκέψασθαι too can in the same way be identified with Lat. spexī ; in both cases we have however to do with innovations against the suppletive Skt. ádarśam, 3. pl. ádr̥śan (s. δέρκομαι). Through the iterative-intensive σκοπέω, - έομαι a new opposition was created in Greek to σκέψασθαι etc. in the same way as Skt. pásyati: ádarśam, ὁράω: εἶδον. -- Semant. and phonetic identity is also found in σκοπός and Skt. spaśa- `spy', which is enlarged from spaś- (s. below; Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 90); to this further OWNo. spār `predicting' from PGm. * spaha- (IE *spóḱo-). Thus σκοπή agrees, but for the accent, with OWNo. spā f. `prophesy' from PGm. * spahō (IE *spóḱā). Greek does not have the old root noun Skt. spaś-, Av. spas- `spy', Lat. haru-spex a. o., from which σκέπτομαι etc. prob. arose as denominative. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 2, 659f., Pok. 984, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. speciō. NGr. forms in Caratzas Glotta 33, 322 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,725-726Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέπτομαι
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77 σκῦλα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Derivatives: σκυλαῖος in σκυλαίας τὰ σκῦλα καὶ λάφυρα. οἱ δε τὰς πανοπλίας H. Denom. verb σκυλ-εύω `to rob a slain enemy of his weapons, to plunder (Hes. Sc. 468, ΙΑ.) with - εύματα n. pl. = σκῦλα (E., Th.), - εία f. (LXX), - ευσις f. (Cilicia), - ευμός m. (Eust.) `plunder', - ευτής m. `plunderer' (Aq.), - ευτικός `plundering' (Tz.). Also σκυλ-άω, - ῆσαι ( UPZ 6, 15; 21, AP 3, 6[?], Eust.) `id.' with - ήτρια f. `female plunderer' (Lyc., Eust.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Generally connected with σκῦτος and ἐπισκύνιον and with a verb `cover' (WP. 2, 546ff., Pok. 951 ff.) in Skt. sku-nā-ti (meaning quite uncertain). After Pisani Sprache 5, 144 cross of σῦλον (s. συλάω) and σκῦτος. σκύλος too is connected (thus still s. ἐπισκύνιον, where further lit.), but the meaning `skin stripped off' spreaks for connection with σκύλλω. On the other hand the meaning of σκῦλον influenced the aorist σκῦλαι. --- Furnée 393 connects ξύλλομαι (not in Frisk or DELG) and concludes to a Pre-Greek word (?).Page in Frisk: 2,742-743Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκῦλα
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78 σμαραγέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Aor. - ῆσαιCompounds: As 2. member (directly referring to the verb) in ἐρι-σμάραγος `droning loudly' (Hes. of Ζεύς, late also of θάλασσα a. o.), also πολυ-, βαρυ-, ἁλι-σμάραγος a. o. (Opp., Nonn.). Also σμαραγίζω `id.' (Hes. Th. 693), σμαράσσω (EM), μαράσσω (Erot.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Onomatopoet. like λαλαγέω, παταγέω, σφαραγέομαι, ῥαθαγέω a. o. with λαλαγή, πάταγος, σφάραγος, ῥάθαγος a. o.; σμαράσσω like πατάσσω, ῥαθάσσω a. o. -- Improbable hypothesis on the origin (reformation of σφαραγέομαι after ( σ)μάραγνα `whip') by Güntert Reimwortbild. 159. -- Furnée 227 considers σφάραγος as a variant (with φ\/μ) and so takes the two words as Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,747Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμαραγέω
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79 σπᾰτάλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `lavish, lascivious way of life, debauchery, luxury', also of luxurious objects, `adornment, bracelet, anklet' (LXX, hell. inscr., AP etc.).Derivatives: Dimin. Lat. spata-lium n. `bracelet' (Juba ap. Plin., inscr.). Denominative verb σπαταλ-άω ( κατα-), aor. - ῆσαι `to live lavishly, lasciviously' (Plb., LXX, NT a. o.) with - ημα n. (AP). Backformation (Schwyzer 483) σπαταλός (- αλος) `lavish, lascivious' (AP a.o.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Popular word. If, as seems prob., originally an abstract, σπατάλη can as to its meaning be compared with κραιπάλη, δαιταλ-εύς; further connection uncertain. Perhaps to σπάω `draw in, suck', of wine etc.; e.g. ἔσπασεν ἄμυ-στιν ἑλκύσας (E. Kyk. 417); cf. also σπάσει πίνειν (Arist.). On the - τ- cf. σπατίζει... ἕλκει H. -- To be rejeceted Neumann Heth. u. luw. Sprachgut 88 f.: σπαταλός (backformation; s. ab.) from Hitt. * išpatalla- `who gladly, and often, eats to the full' from išpāi- `eat to be satiated'. -- Furnée 154, 179 connects convincingly βάταλος; so the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,759Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπᾰτάλη
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80 στερομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be robbed, lack, loose (Hes., IA.), aor. be robbed, loose: ipv. σταρέστω (Delph. IVa)? (cf. below), further high grade with η-enlargement: ptc. στερείς (E.), στερ-ηθῆναι (Pi, IA.), fut. - ήσομαι, - ηθήσομαι(Att.; στεροῦμαι And.), perf. ἐστέρημαι (IA.); act. rob, snatch from': aor. στερ-ῆσαι ( στερέσαι ν 262, pap. a.o.), fut. - ήσω ( στερῶ A. Pr. 862, - έσω (pap.), perf. ἐστέρηκα (Att.); pass. στερέω, simplex only ipv. στερείτω (Pl.), otherwise with ἁπο- (as also very often in non-present empora esp. in prose) to this midd. στερέομαι (certain only hell. a late); also στερίσκω, - ομαι Hdt., Att.; ἁπο- στερομαι S.), aor. στερίσαι (metr. inscr. Eretria IV-IIIa, AP: ἁποστερίζω Hp.?).Derivatives: Few deriv. ( ἁπο-)στέρησις f. `robbery, confiscation' (Hp., Att. etc.), also - εσις (pap.; after αἵρ-, εὕρ-εσις a.o), with στερ-ήσιμος, - έσιμος `which can be confiscated' (pap. inscr. II-IIIp; Arbenz 89), - ημα n. `id.' (Ps.-Callisth.), ( ἁπο-) - ητικός `robbing, removing, negative, privative (Ar, Arist., hell. a. late), - ητής m. who snatches sth. from smb., withholds, deceiver' (Pl., Arist., a.o.), f. - ητρίς (Ar. Nu. 730; parody).Etymology: The above forms prob. all go back on the themat. present στέρομαι. Also the isolated ipv. σταρέστω, which Bechtel Dial. 2, 231 (agreeing Schwyzer 747 and Thumb-Kieckers Dial. 1, 275) wants to see as a zero grade root-aorist can be explained (with Schwyzer 274) as purely phonetical from στερέσθω (with ε \> α before ρ), unless one prefers to see in it an analogical formation after NGr. hαρέσται. To the present στέρομαι came first the initially intransitive στερ-ῆναι, - ήσομαι (if old, one would expect σταρ-) - ηθῆναι, - ηθήσομαι; to these came the active στερῆσαι ( στερέσαι after ὀλέ-σαι a.o.), - ήσω etc., to which came at last στερ-έω, - ίσκω (cf. e.g. εὑρ-ήσω: - ίσκω; Schwyzer 709 a. 721; on the forms still Brunel Aspect verbal 115 f.). -- Certain cognates are missing. A possible connection is MIr. serb `theft', which can stand for *ster-u̯ā; further one connects since Osthoff PBBeitr. 13, 460 f. the Germ. verb for `steal', Goth. stilan, OHG. stelan etc., which may have l for r from hehlen. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 636, Pok. 1028; s. also W.-Hofmann s. 2. stēlliō (w. lit.).Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στερομαι
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См. также в других словарях:
.ῆσαι — ἧσαι , ἥδομαι swad aor imperat mid 2nd sg ἧσαι , ἧμαι es perf ind mid 2nd sg ἧσαι , κάθημαι to be seated pres ind mid 2nd sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἧσαι — ἥδομαι swad aor imperat mid 2nd sg ἧμαι es perf ind mid 2nd sg κάθημαι to be seated pres ind mid 2nd sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἧσ' — ἧσαι , ἥδομαι swad aor imperat mid 2nd sg ἧσο , ἧμαι es perf imperat mid 2nd sg ἧσο , ἧμαι es plup ind mid 2nd sg ἧσαι , ἧμαι es perf ind mid 2nd sg ἧσι , ἧσις Jewsand Christians in Egypt fem voc sg ἧσι , ἵημι Ja c io aor subj mid 2nd sg (epic)… … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
θάησαι — θά̱ησαι , θαέομαι aor imperat mp 2nd sg (doric) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἀνίησ' — ἀνίησι , ἄνειμι go up pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) ἀνίησι , ἀνίημι send up pres ind act 3rd sg ἀνίησι , ἀνίημι send up pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) ἀνίησι , ἀνίημι send up pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic) ἀνί̱ησε , ἀνίημι send up aor ind act 3rd sg… … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἵησ' — ἵησι , ἵημι Ja c io pres ind act 3rd sg ἵησι , ἵημι Ja c io pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) ἵησι , ἵημι Ja c io pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic) ἵ̱ησε , ἵημι Ja c io aor ind act 3rd sg ἵησε , ἵημι Ja c io aor ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic) ἵ̱ησα , ἱέω Ja c … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
