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21 κεφαλή
κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. ‘head’.① the part of the body that contains the brain, headⓐ of humans, animals, and transcendent beings. Humans: Mt 5:36 (on swearing by the head s. Athen. 2, 72, 66c; Test12Patr; PGM 4, 1917; cp. Juvenal, Satires 6, 16f); 6:17; 14:8, 11; 26:7; 27:29f; Mk 6:24f, 27f; 14:3; 15:19; Lk 7:46; J 13:9; 19:2; 20:7; 1 Cor 11:4b (JMurphy-O’Connor, CBQ 42, ’80, 485 [lit.] ‘his head’=‘himself’), 5ab, 7, 10; 12:21; Rv 18:19 (cp. Josh 7:6; La 2:10); 1 Cl 37:5; 56:5 (Ps 140:5); B 13:5 (Gen 48:14); Hm 11:20; Papias (3:2 [not g and h]); GJs 2:4; 9:1; AcPl Ha 11, 1.—Animals: B 7:8 (of the scapegoat Lev 16; cp. vs. 21).—In apocal. presentations in connection w. human figures: Rv 1:14; 4:4; 9:7 12:1; 14:14; 19:12; w. animals: 9:7, 17, 19; 12:3 (s. δράκων); 13:1, 3; 17:3, 7, 9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 50 K.=26 p. 517 D.: ὤφθη τὸ ἕδος [of Asclepius] τρεῖς κεφαλὰς ἔχον. A person sees himself in a dream provided with a plurality of heads Artem. 1, 35 p. 37, 14: δύο ἔχειν κεφαλὰς ἢ τρεῖς. Also the many-headed dog Cerberus of the underworld in Hesiod, Theog. 311 al. as well as Heraclit. Sto. 33 p. 49, 14); Hv 4, 1, 6; 10; of angels Rv 10:1.—The hair(s) of the head (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 223) Mt 10:30; Lk 7:38, 44 v.l.; 12:7; 21:18; Ac 27:34. τὴν κ. κλίνειν lay down the head to sleep Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58. Sim. J 19:30 (s. Hdb. ad loc.). κινεῖν τὴν κ. (s. κινέω 2a) Mt 27:39; Mk 15:29; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:8); ἐπαίρειν τὴν κ. (s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 21:28; shear the head, i.e. cut the hair as a form of a vow Ac 21:24; cp. 18:18. Of baptism ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ D 7:3. Of the anointing of Jesus’ head IEph 17:1. κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have (someth.) on the head (s. κατά A 1a) 1 Cor 11:4a; also w. specification of object ἐπὶ w. gen. Rv 14:14; Hv 4, 1, 10; or εἰς 4, 3, 1. ἐπάνω τῆς κ. above his head Mt 27:37. Also πρὸς τῇ κ. J 20:12. (ἀστὴρ) ἔστη ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3 (cp. Mt 2:9).—Well-known expr. fr. the OT: ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύειν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τινος Ro 12:20 (s. ἄνθραξ). A curse-formula: τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν your blood be on your own heads (s. αἷμα 2a and cp. Demosth., Ep. 4, 10 τ. ἄδικον βλασφημίαν εἰς κεφαλὴν τῷ λέγοντι τρέπουσι; 6, 1; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1d; Aesop, Fab. 206 P.=372 H./313 Ch./222 H-H. ὸ̔ θέλεις σὺ τούτοις ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ κεφαλῇ γένοιτο; Phalaris, Ep. 102 εἰς κεφαλὴν σοί τε καὶ τῷ σῷ γένει)=you are responsible for your own destruction Ac 18:6; cp. GPt 5:17.ⓑ in imagery οὐκ ἔκλινας τὴν κ. σου ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν you have not bowed your head under the mighty hand (of God) GJs 15:4. Of pers. (Plut., Galba 1054 [4, 3] G. as κ. ἰσχυρῷ σώματι, namely of the Galatian territories) Christ the κ. of the ἐκκλησία thought of as a σῶμα Col 1:18; cp. 2:19 (Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 25 ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑπερέχει τοῦ παντὸς σώματος; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 215 ἡ κεφαλὴ συνέχει πᾶν τὸ σῶμα); Christ and Christians as head and members ITr 11:2. (SBedale, JTS 5, ’54, 211–15; New Docs 3, 45f [lit.]; not ‘source’: JFitzmyer, NTS 35, ’89, 503–11.) S. mng. 2a.② a being of high status, head, fig. (of Asclepius IG II2, 4514, 6; in gnostic speculation: Iren. 1, 5, 3 [Harv. I 45, 13]. ὁ μέγας ἄρχων, ἡ κ. τοῦ κόσμου Hippol., Ref. 7, 23, 3).ⓐ in the case of living beings, to denote superior rank (cp. Artem. 4, 24 p. 218, 8 ἡ κ. is the symbol of the father; Judg 11:11; 2 Km 22:44) head (Zosimus of Ashkelon [500 A.D.] hails Demosth. as his master: ὦ θεία κεφαλή [Biogr. p. 297]) of the father as head of the family Hs 7, 3; of the husband in relation to his wife 1 Cor 11:3b; Eph 5:23a. Of Christ in relation to the Christian community Eph 4:15; 5:23b. But Christ is the head not only of the body of Christians, but of the universe as a whole: κ. ὑπὲρ πάντα Eph 1:22, and of every cosmic power κ. πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας the head of all might and power Col 2:10. The divine influence on the world results in the series (for the growing distance from God with corresponding results cp. Ps.-Aristot. De Mundo 6, 4): God the κ. of Christ, Christ the κ. of man, the man the κ. of the woman 1 Cor 11:3cab (s. on γυνή 1). JFitzmyer, Int 47, ’93, 52–59.ⓑ of things the uppermost part, extremity, end, point (Pappus of Alex., mathematician [IV A.D.] in the 8th book [ed. CGerhardt 1871 p. 379 τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ κοχλίου=at the point of the screw; Judg 9:25; En 17:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 48, Ant. 3, 146; oft. pap of plots of ground) κ. γωνίας the cornerstone (so M‘Neile, Mt ad loc.; REB ( main) corner-stone, and w. proper omission of the alternative rendering at 1 Pt 2:7 in NEB mg.; the cornerstone thus forms the farthest extension [cp. PFlor 50, 83] of the corner, though JJeremias, Αγγελος I 1925, 65–70, ZNW 29, 1930, 264–80, TW IV 277–79 thinks of it as the capstone above the door; so also OMichel, TW IV 892, V 129 [difft. 151]; KSchelkle, RAC I 233f; RMcKelvey, NTS 8, ’62, 352–59 [lit. 353 n. 1–3]. S. HGressmann, PJ 6, 1910, 38–45; GWhitaker, Exp. 8th ser., 22, 1921, 470ff. For another view s. lit. s.v. ἀκρογωνιαῖος) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17 (on these three pass. s. JDerrett, TU 102, ’68, 180–86); Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (Selwyn ad loc.: “extremity and not height is the point connoted”); B 6:4 (all Ps 117:22).—κ.= capital (city) (Appian, Illyr. 19 §54) Ac 16:12 D (but ‘frontier city’ AClark, Acts of the Apostles ’33, 362–65 and JLarsen, CTM 17, ’46, 123–25).—B. 212. Schmidt, Syn. I 361–69. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
22 πρῶτος
πρῶτος, η, ον (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).① pert. to being first in a sequence, inclusive of time, set (number), or space, first of several, but also when only two persons or things are involved (=πρότερος; exx. in Hdb. on J 1:15; Rdm.2 71f; Thackeray 183; s. also Mlt. 79; 245; B-D-F §62; Rob. 516; 662; and s. Mt 21:31 v.l.).ⓐ of time first, earliest, earlierα. as adj. ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Phil 1:5; cp. Ac 20:18 (on the absence of the art. [also Phil 1:5 v.l.] s. B-D-F §256; Rob. 793). ἡ πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16 (MMeinertz, Worauf bezieht sich die πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16?: Biblica 4, 1923, 390–94). ἡ πρ. διαθήκη Hb 9:15. τὰ πρῶτα ἔργα Rv 2:5. ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη 20:5f. ἡ πρώτη ὅρασις Hv 3, 10, 3; 3, 11, 2; 4. ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ πρ. 2 Cl 14:1.—Subst. τὰ πρ. … τὰ ἔσχατα (Job 8:7): γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων Mt 12:45; cp. Lk 11:26; 2 Pt 2:20; Hv 1, 4, 2. οἱ πρῶτοι (those who came earlier, as Artem. 2, 9 p. 93, 19 those who appeared earlier) Mt 20:10; cp. vs. 8. ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων 21:36. Cp. 27:64. πρῶτος ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν the first to rise from the dead Ac 26:23. ὁ πρῶτος the first one J 5:4; 1 Cor 14:30. On the self-designation of the Risen Lord ὁ πρ. καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος Rv 1:17; 2:8; 22:13; s. ἔσχατος 2b (πρ. of God: Is 44:6; 48:12).—As a predicate adj., where an adv. can be used in English (ParJer 1:8 εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ πρῶτος ἀνοίξω τὰς πύλας; B-D-F §243; Rob. 657), as the first one = first ἦλθεν πρῶτος he was the first one to come = he came first J 20:4; cp. vs. 8. πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει Ro 10:19. Ἀβραὰμ πρῶτος περιτομὴν δούς Abraham was the first to practice circumcision B 9:7. οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ πρῶτοι κτισθέντες the angels who were created first Hv 3, 4, 1; Hs 5, 5, 3.—1 Ti 2:13; 1J 4:19; AcPlCor 2:9.—ἐν ἐμοὶ πρώτῳ in me as the first 1 Ti 1:16.—Used w. a gen. of comparison (Ocelus Luc. 3 ἐκεῖνο πρῶτον τοῦ παντός ἐστιν=prior to the All; Manetho 1, 329; Athen. 14, 28 p. 630c codd.) πρῶτός μου ἦν he was earlier than I = before me J 1:15, 30 (PGM 13, 543 σοῦ πρῶτός εἰμι.—Also Ep. 12 of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I p. 348, 30 τὸ τῇ τάξει δεύτερον οὐδέποτε τῇ φύσει πρῶτον). So perh. also ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν 15:18 (s. β below) and πάντων πρώτη ἐκτίσθη Hv 2, 4, 1.—As a rule the later element is of the same general nature as the one that precedes it. But it can also be someth. quite different, even its exact opposite: τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12. τὴν ἀγάπην σου τὴν πρώτην ἀφῆκες Rv 2:4.—Used elliptically ἡ πρώτη (i.e. ἡμέρα sim. Polyb. 5, 19, 1; 18, 27, 2 τῇ πρώτῃ) τῶν ἀζύμων Mt 26:17. πρώτῃ σαββάτου on the first day of the week Mk 16:9. In some of the passages mentioned above the idea of sequence could be predom.β. the neuter πρῶτον as adv., of time first, in the first place, before, earlier, to begin with (Peripl. Eryth. 4; Chariton 8, 2, 4; ApcEsdr 3:11; Just., D. 2, 4) πρῶτον πάντων first of all Hv 5:5a. ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι let me first go and bury Mt 8:21. συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια gather the weeds first 13:30. Cp. 17:10, 11 v.l.; Mk 7:27; 9:11f; 13:10; Lk 9:59, 61; 12:1 ( first Jesus speaks to his disciples, and only then [vs. 15] to the people. If one prefers to take πρ. w. what follows, as is poss., it has mng. 2a); 14:28, 31; J 7:51; 18:13; Ac 26:20; Ro 15:24 al. in NT; B 15:7; Hv 3, 1, 8; 3, 6, 7; 3, 8, 11; 5:5b. τότε πρῶτον then for the first time Ac 11:26 D. πρῶτον … καὶ τότε first … and then (Sir 11:7; Jos., Ant. 13, 187) Mt 5:24; 7:5; 12:29; Mk 3:27; Lk 6:42; IEph 7:2. τότε is correlative w. πρῶτον without καί J 2:10 v.l. Likew. πρῶτον … εἶτα (εἶτεν) first … then (Just., D. 33, 2 al.; s. εἶτα 1) Mk 4:28; 1 Ti 3:10; B 6:17. πρῶτον … ἔπειτα (ἔπειτα 2) 1 Cor 15:46; 1 Th 4:16. πρῶτον … μετὰ ταῦτα Mk 16:9, s. vs. 12. πρῶτον … εἶτα … μετὰ ταῦτα 1 Cl 23:4; 2 Cl 11:3 (in both cases the same prophetic saying of unknown origin). πρῶτον … ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ Ac 7:12.—Pleonastically πρῶτον πρὸ τοῦ ἀρίστου Lk 11:38.—W. gen. (Chariton 5, 4, 9 cod. πρῶτον τ. λόγων=before it comes to words) ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν it hated me before ( it hated) you J 15:18 (but s. 1aα).—W. the art. τὸ πρῶτον (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 402; 14, 205) the first time J 10:40; 19:39; at first (Diod S 1, 85, 2; Jos., Ant. 2, 340) 12:16; 2 Cl 9:5. τὰ πρῶτα (Hom. et al.; Appian, Syr. 15 §64; Ps.-Phoc. 8) the first time, at first MPol 8:2.ⓑ of number or sequence (the area within which this sense is valid cannot be marked off w. certainty from the area 1aα)α. as adj. Mt 21:28; 22:25; Mk 12:20; Lk 14:18; 16:5; 19:16; 20:29; J 19:32; Ac 12:10; 13:33 v.l.; Rv 4:7; 8:7; 21:19; Hs 9, 1, 5. τὸ πρῶτον … τὸ δεύτερον (Alex. Aphr., An. p. 28, 9 Br.) Hb 10:9. On πρώτης τῆς μερίδος Μακεδονίας πόλις Ac 16:12 s. μερίς 1 and RAscough, NTS 44, ’98, 93–103.—Since πρῶτος can stand for πρότερος (s. 1 at beg.; also Mlt-Turner 32), it by no means follows from τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον Ac 1:1 that the writer of Luke and of Ac must have planned to write a third book (Zahn, NKZ 28, 1917, 373ff, Comm. 1919, 16ff holds that he planned to write a third volume; against this view s. EGoodspeed, Introd. to the NT ’37, 189; Haenchen, et al.—Athenaeus 15, 701c mentions the first of Clearchus’ two books on proverbs with the words ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν, but 10, 457c with ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν. Diod S 1, 42, 1 the first half of a two-part work is called ἡ πρώτη βίβλος and 3, 1, 1 mentions a division into πρώτη and δευτέρα βίβ. In 13, 103, 3 the designation for the first of two works varies between ἡ πρώτη σύνταξις and ἡ προτέρα ς. See Haenchen on Ac 1:1).—πρῶτος is also used without any thought that the series must continue: τὸν πρῶτον ἰχθύν the very first fish Mt 17:27. αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο Lk 2:2, likewise, does not look forward in the direction of additional censuses, but back to a time when there were none at all (Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 227 D. παράκλησις αὕτη [=challenge to a sea-fight] πρώτη ἐγένετο; for interpolation theory s. JWinandy, RB 104, ’97, 372–77; cp. BPearson, CBQ, ’99, 262--82).—τὰ τείχη τὰ πρῶτα Hs 8, 6, 6 does not contrast the ‘first walls’ w. other walls; rather it distinguishes the only walls in the picture (Hs 8, 7, 3; 8, 8, 3) as one edifice, from the tower as the other edifice.β. adv., the neuter πρῶτον of sequence in enumerations (not always clearly distinguished fr. sense 1aβ) first πρῶτον ἀποστόλους, δεύτερον προφήτας, τρίτον … 1 Cor 12:28 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 20 II, 10ff [II A.D.] τὸ πρ. … τὸ δεύτερον … τὸ τρίτον. Without the art. 480, 12ff [II A.D.]; Diod S 36, 7, 3; Tat. 40, 1). See Hb 7:2; Js 3:17.—Not infrequently Paul begins w. πρῶτον μέν without continuing the series, at least in form (B-D-F §447, 4; Rob. 1152. For πρ. without continuation s. Plat., Ep. 7, 337b, Plut., Mor. 87b; Jos., Ant. 1, 182; Ath. 27, 1 πρῶτα μέν) Ro 1:8; 3:2; 1 Cor 11:18. S. also 2 Cl 3:1.ⓒ of space outer, anterior σκηνὴ ἡ πρώτη the outer tent, i.e. the holy place Hb 9:2; cp. vss. 6, 8.② pert. to prominence, first, foremost, most important, most prominentⓐ adj.α. of things (Ocellus [II B.C.] 56 Harder [1926] πρώτη κ. μεγίστη φυλακή; Ael. Aristid. 23, 43 K.=42 p. 783 D.: πόλεις; Ezk 27:22; PsSol 17:43; χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον; JosAs 15:10) ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή Mt 22:38; cp. Mk 12:29. ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων vs. 28 (OLehmann, TU 73, ’59, 557–61 [rabb.]; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, cites JosAs 15:10; 18:5). Without superl. force ἐντολὴ πρώτη ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ a commandment of great importance, with a promise attached Eph 6:2 (the usual transl. ‘first commandment w. a promise’ [NRSV, REB et al.] loses sight of the fact that Ex 20:4–6=Dt 5:8–10 has an implied promise of the same kind as the one in Ex 20:12=Dt 5:16. πρ. here is best taken in the same sense as in Mk 12:29 above). στολὴν τὴν πρώτην the special robe Lk 15:22 (JosAs 15:10).—ἐν πρώτοις among the first = most important things, i.e. as of first importance 1 Cor 15:3 (Pla., Pol. 522c ὸ̔ καὶ παντὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἀνάγκη μανθάνειν; Epict., Ench. 20; Mitt-Wilck I/2, 14 II, 9 ἐν πρώτοις ἐρωτῶ σε; Josh 9:2d).β. of persons (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 35 πρ. καὶ μέγιστος θεός; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 18 [Stone p. 64]; ApcSed 5:2; Jos., Ant. 15, 398; Just., A I, 60, 5 al. τὸν πρῶτον θεόν) ὸ̔ς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος whoever wishes to be the first among you Mt 20:27; Mk 10:44; cp. 9:35. πρῶτος Σίμων Mt 10:2 is not meant to indicate the position of Simon in the list, since no other numbers follow, but to single him out as the most prominent of the twelve. W. gen. ὧν (=τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) πρῶτός εἰμι 1 Ti 1:15. Pl. (οἱ) πρῶτοι in contrast to (οἱ) ἔσχατοι Mt 19:30; 20:16; Mk 9:35; 10:31; Lk 13:30; Ox 654, 25f (cp. GTh 4; sim. Sallust. 9 p. 16, 21f τοῖς ἐσχάτοις … τοῖς πρώτοις; s. ἔσχατος 2).—αἱ πρώται prominent women (in the phrase γυναικῶν τε τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ὀλίγαι) Ac 17:4 (s. New Docs 1, 72). οἱ πρῶτοι the most prominent men, the leading men w. gen. of place (Jos., Ant. 7, 230 τῆς χώρας) οἱ πρ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mk 6:21; cp. Ac 13:50 (in phrasing sim. to πολλὰς μὲν γυναῖκας εὐγενεῖς καὶ τῶν πρώτων ἀνδρῶν ἤισχυναν=‘they dishonored many well-born women as well as men of high station’ Theopomp.: 115 Fgm. 121 Jac. p. 563, 33f), or of a group (Strabo 13, 2, 3 οἱ πρ. τῶν φίλων; Jos., Ant. 20, 180) οἱ πρ. τοῦ λαοῦ (Jos., Ant. 11, 141) Lk 19:47; cp. Ac 25:2; 28:17. On ὁ πρῶτος τῆς νήσου vs. 7 (πρῶτος Μελιταίων IGR I, 512=IG XIV, 601; cp. CB I/2, 642 no. 535 ὁ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ πόλει; p. 660 no. 616; SEG XLI, 1345, 14f; cp. CIL X, 7495, 1; s. Hemer, Acts 153, n. 152; Warnecke, Romfahrt 119ff) s. Πόπλιος.ⓑ adv. πρῶτον of degree in the first place, above all, especially (Jos., Ant. 10, 213) ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν Mt 6:33. Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι Ro 1:16; cp. 2:9f.—Ac 3:26; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3. Of the Macedonian Christians ἑαυτοὺς ἔδωκαν πρῶτον τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἡμῖν they gave themselves first of all to the Lord, and (then) to us 2 Cor 8:5. παρακαλῶ πρῶτον πάντων first of all I urge 1 Ti 2:1.—B. 939. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
23 συνακολουθέω
A follow along with or closely, accompany,τῇ στρατιᾷ Th.6.44
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.6, BGU1755.3 (i B.C.), Ev.Marc.14.51, etc.;σ. τινὶ οἴκαδε Ar.Pl.43
;πρὸς τὴν θεόν Id.Ra. 400
;μετὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ Isoc.4.146
.2 follow with the mind, attend to,σ. ταῖς τύχαις Arist.EN 1100b4
; follow an argument completely, , Lg. 629a; σ. τινί τι follow him in a matter, ib. 792c; τισι Arist. Ph. 188b26, Thphr.Sens.72.II of effects, follow closely upon the cause,πάντα σ. τῷ τοῦ παντὸς παθήματι Pl.Plt. 274a
;μετὰ τοῦ ῥήματος.. σ. τὰς ἡδονάς Id.R. 464a
;σ. τοῖς πλούτοις ἄνοια καὶ μετὰ ταύτης ἀκολασία Isoc.7.4
, cf. Arist.Mete. 370b10, Gal.18(2).135.III in the Logic of Arist., follow necessarily with a term, be involved in it, APr. 52b11; to be mutually implied,σ. αἱ ἀρχαί Metaph. 1085a16
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνακολουθέω
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24 σφάλλω
Aσφᾰλῶ Th.7.67
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσφηλα, [dialect] Ep.σφῆλα Od.17.464
, [dialect] Dor.ἔσφᾱλα Pi.P.8.15
: but the intrans. , Si.13.22, Am.5.2, opt. σφάλαι ib.Jb. 18.7, are prob. forms of a Hellenistic [tense] aor. 1 Εσφᾰλα (presupposing Εσφᾰλον as ἦλθα presupposes ἦλθον, etc.): [tense] pf.ἔσφαλκα Plb.8.9.2
:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.σφᾰλήσομαι S.Tr. 719
, 1113, Th.3.14, etc.; freq. in med. form σφᾰλοῦμαι, S.Fr. 588, X.Smp.2.26: [tense] aor. ἐσφάλην [ᾰ] Alc.Supp. 27.13 (prob.), Hdt.4.140, Th.8.24, etc.; ἐσφάλθην only in Gal.5.62: [tense] pf. , Pl.Cra. 436c: [tense] plpf.ἔσφαλτο Th.7.47
:— make to fall, overthrow, properly by tripping up, trip up in wrestling, ;οὐδ' ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος Od.17.464
;Ἕκτορα Pi.O.2.81
;ἀλλάλους σφάλλοντι παλαίμασι Theoc.24.112
; [ πώλους] E.Hipp. 1232;γόνυ τινός Id.Heracl. 128
;τινὰ γνύξ A.R.3.1310
;τινὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν D.S.14.23
; τὸ μὴ ὑπερπίνειν ἧττον ἂν καὶ σώματα καὶ γνώμας ς. X.Cyr.8.8.10, cf. 1.3.10 ([voice] Pass.); σ. ναῦς throw them on their beam-ends, Plu.Them.14, cf. Polyaen.3.11.13; [ ἵπποι] ἔσφηλαν (gnomic [tense] aor.) τὸν ἀναβάτην throw him, X.Eq.3.9:—[voice] Pass., to be tripped up,Φρυνίχου παλαίσμασιν Ar. Ra. 689
(troch.); of a drunken man, σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται reeling, staggering, Id.V. 1324, cf. Heraclit. 117;σ. ὑπὸ οἴνου X.Lac.5.7
, cf. AP11.26 (Marc. Arg.);σ. ἵππος Plu.Phil.18
; σ. [ ἱππεύς] is thrown, X. Eq.7.7.II generally, cause to fall, overthrow,βία καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν Pi.P.8.15
;ἀνθρώπων κακῶν ὁμιλίαι σ. τινά Hdt.7.16
.ά; σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς S.El. 416
;σφάλλω.. ὅσοι φρονοῦσιν εἰς ἡμᾶς μέγα E.Hipp.6
; [ὀργὴ] πλεῖστα.. σ. βροτούς Id.Fr.31
; ἡ καταφρόνησις, ἡ ἀπειρία σ. τινά, Th.1.122, 2.87: abs.,ἀτρεκεῖς ἐπιτηδεύσεις φασὶ σφάλλειν πλέον ἢ τέρπειν E.Hipp. 262
(anap.): also of things,ἁμαρτίαι σ. τὴν σωτηρίαν S.Fr. 192
;δειναὶ τύχαι σ. δόμους E.Med. 198
(anap.);σ. τὰς πόλεις Th.3.37
, etc.;σ. δίκαν E.Andr. 780
(lyr.); σφάλλων, name of a throw of the dice, Eub.57.5 (s. v.l.):—[voice] Pass., to be overthrown, fall, esp. of persons falling from high fortunes,σφαλεὶς γὰρ οὐδεὶς εὖ βεβουλεῦσθαι δοκεῖ Chaerem. 26
, cf. S.Tr. 297, 719, E.Fr.262.2, etc.; ἢν σφαλῇ [ ἡ Ἑλλάς] Hdt.7.168; ἢν ἄρα τι σφαλλώμεθα, opp. κατορθοῦν, Th.1.140, cf. Ar. Ra. 736 (troch.), Pl. 351;σφαλλομένους ἐπανορθῶν X.Mem.2.4.6
;ταῖς τύχαις σφάλλεσθαι Th.2.87
, cf. 43; ὑπὸ νόσων, ἐρώτων, μέθης ἐσφαλμένος, Pl.R. 396d; ὑπὸ χρόνων τι ς. suffer from length of time, Id.Lg. 769c: c. dat. modi,σφάλλεσθαι ἀξιόχρεῳ δυνάμει Th.6.10
;τοῖς ἀγῶσι Id.7.61
;τοῖς ὅλοις Plb.1.43.8
: with a Prep.,ἐν τῇ μάχῃ X. HG7.2.2
, cf. Hdt.7.50;τι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Pl.Grg. 461d
; ;περί τινος Plu.2.164c
: with neut. Adj.,σφάλλεσθαι ἓν μέγα Pl.Lg. 648e
; ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ' ἐσφάλη this mishap took place by means of.., S.Aj. 1136; οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν σοί I shall not fail in thy business, Id.Tr. 621.III baffle, balk, frustrate, of an oracle, Hdt.7.142;θεὰ ἤδη μ'.. ἔσφηλεν S.Aj. 452
, cf. E.Alc.34 (anap.), Andr. 223; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὴν πόλιν ς. Aeschin.3.125:— [voice] Pass., err, go wrong, be mistaken,κατὰ γνώμην Hdt.7.52
: abs., S.El. 1481, E.IA 1541, etc.; μῶν ἐσφάλμεθ'; am I mistaken? Id.Andr. 896;ἡ ψυχὴ πολλὰ σφάλλεται Isoc.1.32
;γνώμῃ σφαλέντες Th.4.18
; διανοίᾳ ς. Pl.Sph. 229c; so σ. τὴν γνώμην, τὸν λογισμόν, Clearch.23, Plu. Sull.15: c. inf., οὐκ ἂν σφαλείη.. ἑλέσθαι be led astray into choosing, Id.2.711b.2 [voice] Pass. also, c. gen. rei, to be balked of or foiled in a thing, ἦ καὶ πατήρ τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων; A.Eu. 717; γάμων, δόξης, τύχης, E.Or. 1078, Med. 1010, Ph. 758;τῆς δόξης Th.4.85
;τοῦ αὐχήματος Id.7.66
, cf. 5.110;οὐκ ἔσφαλται τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Cra. 436c
;τῶν πραγμάτων ᾗ ἔχει Id.Hp.Mi. 372b
; ἀνδρός lose him, S.Tr. 1113;τοῦ παντός Plu.Brut.20
:— σφάλλειν τινὰ ἀπ' ἐλπίδος cast him down from his hope, Luc.Dem.Enc.29. -
25 ἐλλείπω
A leave in, μόνον.. ἐλλελειμμένον left in a race, S.El. 736; leave behind,οὐδ' ἐλλέλοιπας ἐλπίδα E.El. 609
;τοῖόν σφιν ἐνέλλιπε θέλκτρον ἀοιδῆς A.R.1.515
.2 leave out, leave undone, freq. with neg. Pron. neut.,μηδὲν ἐ. ὅσων χρὴ πονεῖν S.Aj. 1379
;οὐδὲν ἐλλείψουσι.. χειρουργίας Ar.Lys. 673
;λέγε μηδὲν ἐλλείπων Pl.Plt. 269c
, cf. Ti. 17b, X.Mem.4.3.17;ἐ. τι τῶν νομίμων Id.Cyr.1.2.14
; τοῦτ' αὐτὸ ἐ. Pl.Plt. 267c, cf.R. 362d; ἔνια, σμικρά, Id.Cra. 431c, 431d, etc.:—[voice] Pass., Id.Phlb. 18d;τῆς προθυμίας οὐδὲν ἐλλέλειπται Lys.12.99
;εὑρήσει οὐδὲν ἐλλειφθέν D.18.303
.b fail to pay, leave unpaid,ἐλλελοιπότες εἰσφοράν Id.24.172
, cf. Arist. Ath.48.1;τινὰ τῶν ὀψωνίων τοῖς μισθοφόροις Plb.4.60.2
.3 intr., fall short, fail, ;ἄτας οὐδὲν ἐλλείπει S.Ant. 584
(lyr.);ἤνπερ μὴ 'λλίπωσιν αἱ δίκαι Ar.Pl. 859
;ἐ. ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ Th.1.120
;τοῖς ἱππικοῖς Plb.15.3.5
; opp. περιγίγνεσθαι, Pl. Lg. 740d; opp. πλεονάζειν, Isoc.2.33; opp. ὑπερβάλλειν, Pl.Lg. 719d, Arist.EN 1108b18; fail in duty, X.HG7.5.8, Eq.8.5; τὸ ἐλλεῖπον [τῆς ἐπιστήμης] a deficiency of.., Th.6.69;τὸ ἐ. ἐκπληρώσατε X.Cyr.4.5.39
, etc.; to be too small, Id.Cyn.5.26; ἐλλείπων, ὁ, name of a throw of the dice, Eub.57.4.b Geom., fall short, χωρίῳ by an area, Pl.Men. 87a, cf. Euc.6.27, al.4 c. gen. rei, to be in want of, fall short of, lack,τὸν ἐλλείποντ' ἔτι ἥβης ἀκμαίας A.Th.10
; ἐ. [χρημάτων] Th.1.80;τῆς δόξης Id.2.61
;τὰ τῶν ἱκανῶν ἐλλείποντα X.Hier.4.8
; τὸ τίμημα ἐνέλιπε τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων διακοσίοις ταλάντοις fell short of the 6000 by 200, Plb.2.62.7; τοσοῦτον ἐλλείπει τοῦ λυπεῖσθαι so far does he fall short of feeling pain, Arist.EN 1108b5; πολλοῦ γε καὶ τοῦ παντὸς ἐλλείπω (sc. τοῦ ταρβεῖν) A.Pr. 961: with a neg., προθυμίας γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐλλείπεις ib. 341, cf. Pl.Ti. 20c; : impers., ἐλλείπει πωμάτων there is lack of drink, Id.Lg. 844b; οἷς ἂν τῆς γενέσεως ἐλλείπῃ ib. 740c;ὧν δ' ἐνέλειπε τῇ πόλει.. D.18.302
.5 c.gen.pers., to be inferior to, Pl.Alc.1.122c; ἐμπειρίᾳ μηδὲν ἐκείνων ἐ. Id.R. 484d: also c. gen. rei, τἀνθάδε τῶν ἐκεῖ ἐ. Id.Alc.1.122d.6 folld.by μή c.inf., τί γὰρ ἐ. μὴ παραπαίειν; in what does it fall short of madness? A.Pr. 1056 (anap.);οὐδὲν ἐλλείψω τὸ μὴ.. πυθέσθαι S.Tr.90
.7 c. part.,ὅτι ἄν τις ἐλλείπῃ λέγων Pl.Phdr. 272b
; οὐκ ἐλλείψει εὐχαριστῶν will not fail to give thanks, Decr. ap. D.18.92: abs., οἱ ἐλλείποντες defaulters, Id.22.44.8 of things, to be wanting or lacking to.., c.dat., X.Mem.2.1.8.II c. acc. pers., ἐλλείπει τινά τι something fails one, Plb.9.41.11;ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτὰς ἐλλείπῃ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων Id.10.18.11
.III [voice] Pass., to be surpassed,ἐλλείπεσθαι εὖ ποιῶν X.Mem.2.6.5
.2 to be wanting, fail, Id.Cyr.6.2.37, Eq.3.8, etc.; to be inferior, Pl.R. 484d: c. gen.,τινὸς εἰς σύνεσιν Id.Amat. 136a
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐλλείπω
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26 σύστασις
σύστασις, εως, ἡ (Eur., Hdt.+). All usage in our lit. is associated with usage of the mid. συνίσταμαι (s. prec. entry beg.).① a group with common interests, gathering, union, association (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 132, §547 συστάσεις=gangs [of robbers]) αἱ συστάσεις αἱ ἀρχοντικαί (s. ἀρχοντικός and ἄρχων 1c) ITr 5:2. On the basis of this pass. and the Lat. version, θηρίων συστάσεις IRo 5:3 can be taken to mean packs of wild beasts. But mng. 2 is also prob. here.② a strenuous encounter with a hostile entity, encounter, struggle (Eur., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 4, 16, 2): struggles with wild beasts IRo 5:3 (s. 1 above).③ the basic way in which someth. is structured, structure, constitution, nature (Diod S 15, 32, 1; TestReub 2:4; Tat. 1, 1; 4, 1 al.; Ath. 19, 2 al.; Alex. Aphr., An. p. 3, 19 Br.; T. Kellis 22, 8; 33) τοῦ κόσμου (Cornutus 18 p. 32, 5; cp. Wsd 7:17) 1 Cl 60:1 τοῦ κόσμου σύστασιν (cp. Ath. 25, 3 τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου σύστασιν). The rendering permanence, duration has been suggested, but such interp. can only be derived from the qualifier ἀέναος, resulting in an inelegant pleonasm ‘eternal permanence’. DELG s.v. ἵστημι. Sv. -
27 δεῖ
Aὁπόσου κα δῆ IG4.1484.65
(Epid.), cf. SIG 245G47 (Delph.); opt.δέοι Th.4.4
; inf.δεῖν; part. δέον (v. infr. IV): [tense] impf. ἔδει, [dialect] Ion. ἔδεε: [tense] fut. , etc.: [tense] aor. Iἐδέησε Th.2.77
, etc.—Impers. from δέω (A), there is need (the sense of moral obligation, prop. belonging to χρή, is later, S.Ph. 583, etc.):I c.acc.pers.et inf., it is needful for one to do, one must, once in Hom., τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι.. Ἀργείους why need the Argives fight? Il.9.337;δ. <μ'> ἐλθεῖν Pi.O.6.28
, etc.: with nom. of the Pron.,ἡγούμην.. δεῖν.. μεγαλοψυχότερος φαίνεσθαι D.19.235
: rarely δεῖ σ' ὅπως δείξεις, = δεῖ σε δεῖξαι, S.Aj. 556, cf.Ph.54;δεῖ σ' ὅπως μηδὲν διοίσεις Cratin.108
; (the full constr. in S.Ph.77 τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι.. ὅπως γενήσῃ): rarely c. dat. pers., there is need of.. for.., , cf. X.An.3.4.35, Oec.7.20: the acc. pers. is often omitted, ἐκ τῶν μανθάνειν δεῖ (sc. ἡμᾶς) Hdt.1.8, cf. A.Ag. 567, Eu. 826, etc.2 c. acc. rei et inf.,δεῖ τι γενέσθαι Th.5.26
;παραδείγματα, καθ' ἃ δέοι ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.Men. 79a
, etc.; also ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι since it was fated for him.., since he was doomed.., Hdt.2.161, cf. 8.53, 9.109, S.OT 825; for οἴομαι δεῖν, v. οἴομαι.3 abs. with inf. understood, μὴ πεῖθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ (sc. πείθειν) S.OC 1442, cf. OT 1273; εἴ τι δέοι, ἤν τι δέῃ (sc. γενέσθαι), X. Mem.1.2.59, Th.1.44; κἂν δέῃ (sc. τροχάζειν), τροχάζῶ Philetaer. 3
.II c. gen. rei, there is need of, freq. with neg.,οὐδὲν ἂν δέοι πολλοῦ ἀργυρίου Pl.Cri. 45a
, etc.;τί δεῖ τῆς ἀρετῆς; Arist.Pol. 1309b10
; sts. with inf. added, , cf. 875, Supp. 407.b freq. in phrases, πολλοῦ δεῖ there wants much, far from it, ὀλίγου δεῖ there wants little, all but; in full c. inf.,πολλοῦ δεῖ οὕτως ἔχειν Pl.Ap. 35d
;τοὺς Πλαταιέας ἐλαχίστου ἐδέησε διαφθεῖραι [τὸ πῦρ] Th.2.77
;πολλοῦ γε δεῖ, πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ Ar.Ach. 543
, D.18.300, 21.71; τοῦ πλεῦνος αἰεὶ ἔδεε there was always further to travel, Hdt.4.43;τοῦ παντὸς δεῖ Luc.Merc.Cond.13
: also ὀλίγου δεῖν abs., in same sense, Pl.Ap. 22a, etc.;μικροῦ δεῖν D.27.29
.2 with dat. pers. added,δεῖ μοί τινος A.Ag. 848
, E.Med. 565, Th.1.71, etc.3 with acc. pers. added,αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ προμηθέως A.Pr. 86
, cf. E.Rh. 837, Hipp.23.4 rarely with Subj. in nom., δεῖ μοί τι something is needful to me,ἓν δεῖ μόνον μοι E.Supp. 594
; ;πρῶτον μὲν τοῦτο δεῖ, ὑπειληφέναι.. D.10.15
.III [voice] Med., δεῖται there is need, c. gen.,δεῖταί σοι τῆς αὐτῆς ἐρωτήσεως Pl.Men. 79c
;ὅσων δέοιτο Aen.Tact.13.1
;ἑτέρου δεῖσθαι στρατηγοῦ νομίζων Plu.Pel.26
: c. inf., (codd.);δεήσεται.. ἀναγράφεσθαι Aen.Tact.31.9
;τήν μευ γλῶσσαν ἐκτεμεῖν δεῖται Herod.6.41
.IV neut. part. [full] δέον ( [full] δεῖν is dub. in Ar.Fr. 220, Lys.14.7, cf. A.D.Adv.132.30, Hdn.Gr.2.328, al., Hsch.): abs., it being needful or fitting, Pl.Prt. 355d, etc.; οὐκ ἀπήντα, δέον, he did not appear in court, though he ought to have done so, D.21.90: c. inf., Ar.Nu. 988; οὐδὲν δέον there being no need, Hdt.3.65, etc.: [tense] fut.ὡς αὐτίκα δεῆσον διώκειν X.Cyr.3.2.8
: [tense] aor.δεῆσαν Plu.Fab.9
, etc.: also δέον ἂν εἴη, = δέοι ἄν, Plb.2.37.5, etc.: less freq. gen. abs. δέοντος, c. acc. inf., Corn.ND17.2 Subst. [full] δέον, τό (v. sub voc.). -
28 δρόμος
A course, race, in Il.mostly of horses,ἵπποισι τάθη δρόμος 23.375
; also of men, τέτατο δρόμος ib. 758; οὐρίῳ δρόμῳ with prosperous course, S.Aj. 889 (lyr.); ἅπαντι χρῆσθαι τῷ δρόμῳ at full speed, Luc.Dom.10: of any quick movement, e. g. flight, A.Pers. 207: of Time, ἡμέρης δ. a day's running, i. e. the distance one can go in a day, Hdt.2.5;κατανύσαι τὸν προκείμενον δ. Id.8.98
;ἵππου δ. ἡμέρας D.19.273
: of Things, δ. νεφέλης, ἡλίου τε καὶ σελήνης, E.Ph. 163, Pl. Ax. 370b (pl.), etc.;οἱ δ. τῶν ἀστέρων Procl.Par.Ptol. 136
; δρόμῳ at a run, freq. with Verbs of motion,δρόμῳ διαβάντας τὸν Ἀσωπόν Hdt.9.59
;ἰέναι Id.3.77
;χρῆσθαι Id.6.112
;χωρεῖν Th.4.31
;δ. ξυνῆψαν E. Ph. 1101
;βοηθῆσαι δ. Ar.Fr. 551
: in pl., , Supp. 819.2 foot-race, as a contest, IG2.594.11, al.: prov., περὶ τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον (- μου codd.) θεῖν to run for one's life, Hdt.8.74; ;περὶ ψυχῆς ὁ δ. Pl.Tht. 173a
: generally, contest, πλαγᾶν δρόμος, i. e. a pugilistic contest, Pi.I.5(4).60.4 in speaking, rapid delivery, Longin.Rh.p.312S.3 public walk,ἐν εὐσκίοις δ. Ἀκαδήμου Eup.32
, cf. IG22.1126.36, etc.; colonnade, Pl.Tht. 144c;κατάστεγος δ.
cloister,Id.
Euthd. 273a;δ. ξυστός Aristias 5
; in Crete, = γυμνάσιον, Suid., cf. SIG463.14 (Itanos, iii B. C.); δὔ ἢ τρεῖς δρόμους περιεληλυθότε having taken two or three turns in the cloister, Pl.Euthd. l. c.; in Egypt, avenue of Sphinxes at entrance of temples, OGI56.52 (Canopus, Ptol. III), Str.17.1.28, etc.;δ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ BGU 1130.10
(i B. C.).5 metaph., ἔξω δρόμου or ἐκτὸς δρόμου φέρεσθαι get off the course, i. e. wander from the point, A.Pr. 883 (anap.), Pl.Cra. 414b;ἐκ δρόμου πεσεῖν A.Ag. 1245
; οὐδέν ἐστ' ἔξω δρόμου 'tis not foreign to the purpose, Id.Ch. 514.III δ. δημόσιος, = Lat. cursus publicus, Procop. Vand.1.16, Arc.30, Lyd.Mag.2.10; δ. ὀξύς, = Lat. cursus velox, ib.3.61, POxy.900.7 (iv A. D.), etc. -
29 δῖνος
δῖνος, ὁ,A like δίνη, whirling, rotation, such as Anaxagoras held to be the effect of νοῦς as the regulator of the Universe, Clem.Al.Strom.2.14 (pl.); personified, : generally,ὁ τοῦ κοσκίνου δ. Democr.164
;σφενδόνης δ. Onos.17
.2 eddy, whirlpool, Epicur.Ep.2pp.38,47U., Arist.Pr. 932a5, Plu.2.404f;δ. ἀπὸ τοῦ παντὸς ἀποκριθῆναι παντοίων εἰδέων Democr.167
: metaph., δῖνοι ἡδυλόγου σοφίης cj. in Timo 67.4.3 a dance, Hdn.Gr.2.492, Eust.1166.10.II vertigo, Hp.VC11.IV round goblet, Ar.V. 618, IG11(2).110 (Delos, iii B. C.), al. (cf. δεῖνος, which is freq. v. l. and is found in puns with δεινός, Apolloph.1, Arched.1.4). -
30 ζήτησις
A seeking, search for,κατ' Εὐρώπης ζήτησιν ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt.2.44
; κατὰ βίου τε καὶ γῆς ζ. Id.1.94, cf. 2.54; ἀνδρὸς κατὰ ζήτησιν in quest of him, S.Tr.55;ἡ ζ. τῶν δρασάντων Th.8.66
;ζ. ἐπιστήμης Pl.Tht. 196d
, etc.;τῆς τροφῆς Th.8.57
;τῆς ἀληθείας Id.1.20
.2 searching, examining, ζήτησιν ἐποιέετο τῶν νεῶν searched the ships, Hdt.6.118, cf. Lys.12.30, Aeschin.1.43.3 inquiry, investigation, esp. of a philosophic nature, Pl.Cra. 406a, Ap. 29c, al.;περὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς φύσεως Id.Ti. 47a
; ζ. τοῦ μέλλοντος διὰ ὀρνίθων ποιεῖσθαι inquire into the future by augury, Id.Phdr. 244c: in pl., Id.Phd. 66d, Phld.Rh.1.276S., 2.185S.4 judicial inquiry, Din.1.10, POxy. 237 vi7 (ii A.D.), etc.: pl., suits, controversies, OGI629.9 (Palmyra, ii A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ζήτησις
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31 κεφάλαιος
A of the head: metaph., principal, chief, ῥῆμα κ. (with a play on κεφαλίτης λίθος) Ar.Ra. 854;τὸ κ. μέρος PMasp.151.16
(vi A.D.): [comp] Sup. - ότατος v.l. in Pl.Grg. 494e.II mostly Subst. κεφάλαιον, τό, = κεφαλή, head, parts about the head, esp. of fish, θύννου κ. τοδί Callias Com.3: in pl., Amphis 35, Sotad. Com.1.5; alsoκ. ῥαφανῖδος Ar.Nu. 981
; of an infant, Leonid. ap. Aët.6.1.2 chief or main point,κ. δὴ παιδείας λέγομεν τὴν ὀρθὴν τροφήν Pl.Lg. 643c
; esp. in speaking or writing, sum, gist of the matter,κεφάλαια λόγων Pi.P.4.116
;κ. τοῦ παντὸς λόγου Men.Georg. 75
, cf. Cic.Att.5.18.1; τὰ κ. συγγράφων Εὐριπίδῃ drawing up the heads of the play, Antiph.113.5: freq. in Prose, Th.4.50, Pl.Grg. 453a, etc.;κ. τῶν εἰρημένων Isoc.3.62
, cf. 5.154;κ. τῆς οἰκονομίας Phld.Rh.1.68
S. (pl.); ἐν κεφαλαίῳ, or ὡς ἐν κ., εἰπεῖν to speak summarily, X.Cyr.6.3.18, Pl.Smp. 186c, al.; ἐν κεφαλαίοις ὑπομνῆσαι, ἀποδείξειν, περιλαβεῖν τι, Th.6.87, Lys.13.33, Isoc.2.9;βραχυτάτῳ κ. μαθεῖν Th.1.36
; τύπῳ καὶ ἐπὶ κεφαλαίου (v.l. - αίῳ), opp. ἀκριβέστερον, Arist.EN 1107b14;ἐπὶ κ. Plb.1.65.5
, 3.5.9;ἐπὶ κεφαλαίων D.19.315
, etc.; esp. in an argument, summing up,ἐν κεφαλαίοις Pl.Ti. 26c
; κεφαλαίῳ δέ .., Lat. denique, Decr. ap. D.18.164; τὸ δ' οὖν κ. ib.213;τὸ δὲ κ. τῶν λόγων, ἄνθρωπος εἶ Men.531.10
; συναγαγεῖν τὸ κ. to sum up, Arist.Metaph. 1042a4.3 metaph., of persons, the head or chief, ὅ τι περ κ. τῶν κάτωθεν, of Pericles, Eup.93;τὸ κ. οὐδέπω λογίζομαι, τὸν δεσπότην Men.Pk. 173
;ὅ τι περ τὸ κ. Luc.Harm. 3
, Gall.24, Philops.6; τὰ κ. τῶν μαθημάτων, of philosophers, Id.Pisc. 14;τὸ κ. τοῦ πολέμου App.BC5.50
; οἳ τὸ τῆς στάσεως κ. ἦσαν ib.43;τὸν Θαλῆν τῶν σοφῶν τὸ κ. Jul.Or.3.125d
: hence, of qualities, etc., σχεδόν τι τὸ κ. τῶν κακῶν (sc. avarice) Apollod. Gel.4;τὸ κ. τῆς εὐδαιμονίας ἡ διάθεσις Diog.Oen.57
.4 Rhet., head, topic of argument, D.H.Comp.1, Rh.10.5, Str.1.2.31.b sum total, IG12.91.23, al., Lys.19.40, D.27.10; πολλοῦ κ. for a large sum, Act. Ap.22.28, cf. Aristeas 24, Plu.Fab.4, etc.;κ. ἀργυρικά PRyl.133.15
(i A.D.); alsoσιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικὰ κ. PSI4.281.31
(ii A.D.).6 crown, completion of a thing, τὸ μὲν κ. τῶν ἀδικημάτων the crowning act of wrong, D.27.7;δύο ταῦτα ὡσπερεὶ κ. ἐφ' ἅπασι.. ἐπέθηκε Id.21.18
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κεφάλαιος
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32 στοιχεῖον
στοιχεῖον, τό:I in a form of sun-dial, the shadow of the gnomon, the length of which in feet indicated the time of day, ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ ς. when the shadow is ten feet long, Ar.Ec. 652, v. Sch.;ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν.. τὸ σ. ᾖ Eub.119.7
, cf. Philem.83.II element,1 a simple sound of speech, as the first component of the syllable, Pl.Cra. 424d; τὸ ῥῶ τὸ ς. ib. 426d;γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς Id.Tht. 202e
;σ. ἐστι φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος Arist.Po. 1456b22
;φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων Id.Metaph. 998a23
, cf.Gal.15.6:— στοιχεῖα therefore, strictly, were different from letters ([etym.] γράμματα), Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213, Sch.D.T.p.32, al., but are freq. not clearly distd. from them, as by Pl.Tht.l.c., Cra. 426d;τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι Aen.Tact.31.21
; σ. ε ¯ letter ε (in a filing-system), BGU959.2 (ii A.D.); ἀκουόμενα ς. letters which are pronounced, A.D.Adv.165.17; γράμματα and ς. are expressly identified by D.T.630.32; the ς. and its name are confused by A.D. Synt.29.1, but distd. by Hdn.Gr. ap. Choerob.in Theod.1.340, Sch.D.T. l.c.:— in the order of the letters, alphabetically,AP
11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e.2 in Physics, στοιχεῖα were the components into which matter is ultimately divisible, elements, reduced to four by Empedocles, who called them ῥιζὤματα, the word στοιχεῖα being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. Simp.in Ph.7.13 ) by Pl., τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶ ς, e)c w(=n h(mei=s te sugkei/meqa kai\ ta)/lla Tht. 201e; τὰ τῶν πάντων ς. Plt. 278d;αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός Ti. 48b
, cf. Arist.GC 314a29, Metaph. 998a28, Thphr.Sens.3, al., D.L.3.24;σ. σωματικά Arist.Mete. 338a22
, Thphr.Fr.46; ἄτομα ς. Epicur.Ep.2p.36U.; equivalent to ἀρχαί, Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. D.L.2.1, Anon. ap. Arist.Ph. 188b28, Metaph. 1059b23, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from ἀρχή as less comprehensive, ib.1070b23; τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας ib.1088b27; τρία τὰ ς. Id.Ph. 189b16; distd. from ἀρχή on other grounds by Stoic.2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.;Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον Orph.H.5.4
; ἀνηλεὲς ς., of the sea, Babr.71.4; τὸ ς., of the sea, Polem.Cyn.44; ἄμφω τὰ ς., i.e. land and sea, ib.11, cf. Hdn.3.1.5, Him.Ecl.2.18.3 the elements of proof, e.g. in general reasoning the πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί, Arist.Metaph. 1014b1; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib. 998a26, 1014a36; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, Procl. in Euc.pp.66,67,68F.: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, Arist.Metaph. 1014b3; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.6; the line and the circle, Id.Top. 158b35; the τόπος (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib. 120b13, al., Rh. 1358a35, al.;στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες Id.Metaph. 1014b10
; τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς coin is the unit.. of exchange, Id.Pol. 1257b23; in Grammar, σ. τῆς λέξεως parts of speech, D.H.Comp.2; but also, the letters composing a word, A.D.Synt.313.7; letters of the alphabet, Diog. Bab.Stoic.3.213; σ. τοῦ λόγου the elements of speech, viz. words, or the kinds of words, parts of speech, Thphr. ap. Simp. in Cat.10.24, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45, A.D.Synt.7.1, 313.6.4 generally, elementary or fundamental principle, ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν ς. X.Mem.2.1.1;σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας Isoc.2.16
; τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον ς. Arist.Pol. 1309b16;σ. τῆς ὅλης τέχνης Nicol.Com.1.30
, cf. Epicur. Ep.1p.10U., Ep.3p.59U., Phld.Rh.1.127S., Gal.6.306.5 ἄστρων στοιχεῖα the stars, Man.4.624;σ. καυσούμενα λυθήσεται 2 Ep.Pet.3.10
, cf. 12; esp. planets,στοιχείῳ Διός PLond.1.130.60
(i/ii A.D.); so perh. in Ep.Gal.4.3, Ep.Col.2.8; esp. a sign of the Zodiac, D.L.6.102; of the Great Bear, PMag.Par.1.1303.6 σ. = ἀριθμός, as etym. of Στοιχαδεύς, Sch.D.T.p.192 H.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στοιχεῖον
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33 δεσπότης
δεσπότης, ου, ὁ (s. prec. entry; Sappho 97, 8 D. [95, 8 EVoigt ’71], Pind., Hdt.+) voc. δέσποτα① one who has legal control and authority over persons, such as subjects or slaves, lord, masterⓐ of slaves (Pla., Parm. 133d, Leg. 757a al.; Paroem. Gr.: Zenob. [Hadrian] 2, 81 τ. ἰδίους δεσπότας et al.; Tat. 4, 1) 1 Ti 6:1f; Tit 2:9; Phlm subscr.; 1 Pt 2:18; Hs 5, 2, 2. A slave metaphor is present in some of the pass. in 1b, AChang, BiblSacra 142, ’85, 52–63.ⓑ of subjects. Ruler of a city Hs 1:6.—Esp. of God (Eur., Hipp. 88; X., An. 3, 2, 13; Pla., Euthyd. 302d and oft. in Gk. writings incl. Herm. Wr. 16:3 [p. 264, 14 Sc.]; OGI 619, 3; UPZ 1, 1 [IV B.C.]; PGM 36, 227 δέσποτα; LXX; TestAbr A I p. 77, 12 [Stone p. 2]; Artapanus: 726 Fgm. 3, 22 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 22]; Ezk. Trag. 124; 188 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 11]; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 22ff [PKatz, Philo’s Bible, ’50, 59f]; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 8, 111; 18, 23; Just., A II, 6, 2 al.) Lk 2:29; Ac 4:24; Rv 6:10; 1 Cl 7:5; 9:4; 11:1; 24:1, 5; 36:2, 4; 40:1 al.; B 1:7; 4:3; Dg 8:7; Hv 2, 2, 4f; Hs 1:9; δ. ἁπάντων (cp. Job 5:8; Wsd. 6:7; 8:3; Sir 36:1; TestJos 1:5; Herm. Wr. 5, 4; PGM 3, 589; 4, 1164; 12, 250; δ. τῶν ὅλων Jos., Ant. 1, 72 and Just., D. 140, 4 [sim. Tat. 12, 4]; τοῦ παντὸς δ. Did., Gen. 99, 22) 1 Cl 8:2; 20:11; 33:2; 52:1; [ὁ τῶν ὅλ]ων δεσπότης Ox 1081, 36f (Coptic SJCh 90, 15); δ. καὶ δημιουργὸς τῶν ὅλων θεός Dg 8:7; τοῦ πάντων δ. GJs 11:2; ὁ δ. μου 23:3 (but s. deStrycker ad loc.). Of Christ Lk 13:25 P75; 2 Pt 2:1; Jd 4 (δεσπ. and κύριος as Jos., Ant. 20, 90).② one who controls a thing, owner of a vessel 2 Ti 2:21; of honey Hm 5, 1, 5.—B. 1330. Schmidt, Syn. 116–24. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
34 διασπάω
A- σπάσω Hdt.7.236
: [tense] aor. -έσπᾰσα, [voice] Med. , Ba. 339, Plu.Caes.68: [tense] pf. - έσπᾰκα Sch.Th.Oxy.853i15:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. - εσπάσθην: [tense] pf. - έσπασμαι (v. infr.):—tear asunder,τοὺς ἄνδρας κρεοργηδὸν δ. Hdt.3.13
, cf. E. and Ar. ll. cc., etc.;ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν ἄνδρα δ. X.Cyr.6.1.45
; δ. τὸ σταύρωμα to break through or tear down the palisade, Id.HG4.4.10; δ. τὴν γέφυραν, τὸ ἔδαφος, Plb.6.55.1, Plu. Cam.5; break up, SIG364.10 (Ephesus, iii B. C.): metaph.,διασπᾶν τὴν σύμπνοιαν τοῦ παντός Iamb.Protr.21
.λ:—[voice] Pass.,διέσπασται μελέων φύσις Emp.63
;τὸ Ἀττικὸν [ἔθνος].. διεσπασμένον ὑπὸ Πεισιστράτου Hdt.1.59
;μόνον οὐ διεσπάσθην D.5.5
; δ. ἀπὸ τῶν φίλων to be torn away from.., Arist.Rh. 1386a10.2 in military sense, separate part of an army from the rest, X.Cyr.5.4.19; of army and fleet, Hdt.7.236; δ. τὰς φάλαγγας break them up, Arist.Pol. 1303b13: —[voice] Pass., στράτευμα διεσπασμένον an army scattered and in disorder, Th.6.98, cf. 7.44; of a fleet, Id.8.104; to be widely scattered,X.
An.1.5.9.3 metaph., pull different ways, πόλεις distract states, Pl.Lg. 875a;τὰς πολιτείας D.4.48
;τοὺς νόμους X.Cyr.8.5.25
; διέσπακε τὴν ἱστορίαν has broken the continuity of the narrative, Sch.Th. l. c.:—[voice] Pass., διασπώμενος distracted,πρὸς τοσαύτας ὑπηρεσίας Luc.DDeor.24.1
;ὑπὸ τῶν λόγων Id.Icar.23
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διασπάω
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35 διημερεύω
A pass the day,μετά τινος Pl.Phd. 59d
, X.Cyr.7.5.53; ἔν τινι in a thing, ib.86, Isoc.7.48, D.S.16.46: c. dat., Thphr.Char.8.14 codd.;ψυχαὶ ἐν τῷ τοῦ παντὸς θεάτρῳ δ. Ph.1.266
: c. part., pass the whole day in doing, Arist.HA 540a16;δ. ἀνάριστον καὶ ἄδειπνον Plu.2.157d
.2 of things, continue all day, Arist.Pr. 947a25.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διημερεύω
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36 θέω
θέω (A), [dialect] Ep. also [full] θείω, Il.6.507, 10.437 (in [dialect] Att. the syllables εο, εου, εω are not [var] contr.); [dialect] Ep. subj.Aθέῃσι 22.23
; [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf.ἔθει Od.12.407
and later,ἔθεε Il.1.483
, Hdt.1.43 (and in later Prose, D.S.16.94); [dialect] Ep.θέε Il.20.275
, Hes.Sc. 224; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.θέεσκον Il.20.229
: [tense] fut.θεύσομαι 23.623
, Ar.Eq. 485,Av. 205, ([etym.] ὑπο-) Pi.P.2.84, ([etym.] ἀντι-) Hdt. 5.22, ([etym.] μετα-) X.Cyn.6.22;θεύσω Lyc.1119
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔθευσα ([etym.] δι-) Vett.Val.345.35, part.θεύσας IGRom.4.1740
([place name] Cyme):—the other tenses are supplied by τρέχω and Δρέμω : ( θεϝ-, Skt. dhávate):— run, ποσί, πόδεσσι, Od.8.247, Il.23.623;βῆ δὲ θέειν 17.698
; ; ποῖθεῖς; Ar.V. 854; θᾶττον θανάτου θεῖ [ἡ πονηρία] Pl.Ap. 39b;ὁ βραδέως θέων Id.Hp.Mi. 373d
; of horses, Id.Cra. 423a;ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ θεόντων ἵππων Id.Lg. 822b
: in part. with another Verb, ἦλθε θέων, ἦλθε θέουσα, came running, Il.6.54, 394, etc.; ἷξε θέων, of a person on ship-board, Od.3.288; θέων Αἴαντα κάλεσσον run and call him, Il.12.343, etc.2 περὶ τρίποδος γὰρ ἔμελλον θεύσεσθαι to run for a tripod, 11.701: metaph. (cf.τρέχω 11.2
), περὶ ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος they were running for Hector's life, 22.161;θ. περὶ ὑμέων αὐτῶν Hdt.8.140
.ά; θ. < τον> περὶ τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον ib.74;περὶ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων Paus.6.18.3
.3 metaph.,θ. ἐς νόσους Pl.Lg. 691c
;θ. ἐγγύτατα ὀλέθρου Id.R. 417b
;θεῖν παρὰ τὸν ἔσχατον κίνδυνον Plu. Fab.26
.II of other kinds of motion, as,1 of birds,θεύσονται δρόμῳ Ar.Av. 205
.2 of things, run; of ships,ἡ δ' ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα Il.1.483
, cf. X.HG6.2.29; of a potter's wheel, Il.18.601; of a rolling stone, 13.141; of a quoit, ῥίμφα θέων ἀπὸ χειρός flying lightly.., Od.8.193.3 metaph.,δύναμις θαυμαστὴ ἐκεῖ θεῖ Plot.2.9.8
, cf. 6.5.11.III of things not actually in motion, [φλὲψ] ἀνὰ νῶτα θέουσα διαμπερές Il.13.547
; ;ἀμφὶ δέ μιν κίβισις θέε Hes.Sc. 224
;γραμμῆς περὶ [σημεῖον] θεούσης Plot.6.5.11
.IV c. acc. loci, run over,τὰ ὄρη X.Cyn.4.6
, cf. 5.17;μέσσα θέων πελάγευς AP7.273
(Leon.), cf. 10.23 (Autom.);πλωτῶν γένος ὑγρὰ θεόντων Opp.H.3.183
.—The simple Verb is used in Trag. only by E. Ion 1217.------------------------------------θέω (B),A shine, gleam,ὀδόντων λευκὰ θεόντων Hes.Sc. 146
( λευκαθεόντων cj. Wackernagel); ὕλῃ χλωρὰ θεούσῃ cj. in Theoc.25.158;ποίην.. χλωρὰ θέουσαν IG14.1389i
i 24; cf. θοός (B), Λευκαθέα, λευκαθίζω. -
37 περιδράσσομαι
A grasp, τινος Ph.2.136, Hierocl. p.37 A., Plu.Cam.26, Lys. 17 : c. acc., -δεδράχθαι θαυμάσιον ἀγαθόν Phld.Mort.18
;ἡ φύσις τοῦ παντὸς π. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ Iamb.
ap. Simp. in Cat. 375.9: abs., Ph.2.353 ; ὥσπερ ε?περιδράσσομαιXνιοι -δράττονται arrogantly claim, Phld.Rh.1.214 S.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιδράσσομαι
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38 περιήθημα
A that which drains off, drainings, filtrate, Dsc. 1.73, Gal.17(1).983.2 pl., means of purging, τὰ τοῦ παντὸς ὄγκου π. Longin.43.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιήθημα
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39 ποιητής
A maker,μηχανημάτων Id.Cyr.1.6.38
; ;τὸν π. καὶ πατέρα τοῦδε τοῦ παντός Id.Ti. 28c
; ζῴων, of the painter, Id.Sph. 234a; inventor,θεῶν Id.Euthphr.3b
; lawgiver,Id.
Def. 415b.II composer of a poem, author,π. κωμῳδίας Pl.Lg. 935e
;π. καινῶν δραμάτων, τραγῳδιῶν κτλ. SIG1079.2
, al. (Magn. Mae., ii/i B.C.): abs., poet, Hdt.2.53, Ar.Ra.96, 1030, Pl. Ion 534b, etc.; Homer was called ὁ π., Pl.Grg. 485d, Arist.Rh. 1365a11, 1380b28, Telesp.34 H., Plb.12.21.3, Str.1.1.10, A.D.Synt.26.19, etc.; so also Hesiod, Pl. Lg. 901a; and others, Id.Thg. 125e, D.Chr.78.44.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ποιητής
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40 προσκαταριθμέω
A reckon in, reckon together with,τὸ μὴ ὂν π. εἰς τὴν τοῦ παντὸς φύσιν Thphr.Metaph.18
;τὴν ἀνθύπατον ἀρχὴν ταῖς ὑπατείαις Plu.Marc. 30
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προσκαταριθμέω
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