κέρεϊ

κείρω

kṛṇā´ti: fut ind mid 2nd sg (attic epic doric ionic)

κείρω

kṛṇā´ti: fut ind act 3rd sg (attic epic doric ionic)

κερεύς

masc dat sg

κείρω

kṛṇā´ti: fut ind mid 2nd sg (attic epic doric ionic)

κείρω

kṛṇā´ti: fut ind act 3rd sg (attic epic doric ionic)

κερεύς

masc dat sg

κέρεϊ, κέρας

Aër.

neut dat sg (ionic)

     κέρας

    τό (gen. κέρᾱτος - эп. κέρᾰος, ион. κέρεος, атт. κέρως; dat. κέρᾱτι - эп. κέραϊ, ион. κέρεϊ, атт. κέρᾳ; dual.: nom. и acc. κέρᾱτε, κέρᾶε - эп. κέρᾱ; gen. и dat. κεράτοιν, κεράοιν и κερῷν; pl.: nom. κέρᾱτα, κέρᾰα - эп. κέρᾱ, gen. κεράτων, κεράων и κερῶν, dat. κέρᾱσι, κεράεσσι; в эп. формах - ᾰ, в атт. трехсложных - ᾱ)

    1) рог

    

(βοός Hom.; ταύρειον Soph.)

    2) рог, вещество рога

    

(αἱ μὲν - sc. πύλαι - κεράεσσι τετεύχαται, αἱ δ΄ ἐλέφαντι Hom.)

    3) роговой лук

    

(τοξότης κέρᾳ ἀγλαός Hom.)

    4) роговая втулка ( для защиты рыболовной лесы), т.е. удочка

    

(ὅτε ἁλιεὺς ἐς πόντον προΐησι βοὸς κέρας Hom.)

    5) рогообразныи брусок, «рог»

    

(λύρας Soph.)

    6) роговой выступ

    

(τέσσαρα κέρατα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου NT.)

    7) рог ( служивший сосудом для питья)

    

(κέρατα οἴνου Xen.; ἐξ ἀργυρέων κεράτων πίνειν Pind.)

    8) рог, рожок ( духовой инструмент)

    

(ἐπειδὰν σημήνη τῷ κέρατι Xen.; αὐλεῖν τῷ κέρατι Luc.)

    9) ответвление, рукав

    

(Ὠκεανοῦ Hes.; Νείλου Pind.)

    10) воен., мор. крыло, фланг

    

(δεξιόν, λαιόν Eur.)

    11) вершина

    

(τοῦ ὄρους Xen.)

    12) роговой наконечник

    

(τοῦ καλάμου Anth.)

    13) membrum virile Anth.

    14) рея Luc.

    

κ. ἱστῷ κυρτοῦται Anth. — рея гнется на мачте

    15) клешня

    

(τοῦ ἀστακοῦ Arst.)

    16) щупальце

    

(τοῦ σκώληκος Arst.)

    17) Luc., Sext. = κερατίνης

κέρᾰς, τό, [dialect] Ep. gen. Κέρᾰος, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. κέρως; [dialect] Ep. dat. κέρᾰϊ (elided) or κέραι or

A

κέρᾳ Il.11.385

, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.75, κέρᾳ also in Th. 2.90, 7.6: nom. pl. κέρᾱ (v. infr.), gen. κεράων, κερῶν, dat. κέρασι, [dialect] Ep. κεράεσσι:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. have dual [

κέρ]ατε IG12.301.109

: pl. κέρατα ib.237.59; later [dialect] Ep. κεράατα ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Nic.Th. 291, κεράατος ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Arat.174, Q.S.6.225:—Hdt.has gen.

κέρεος 6.111

, dat.

κέρεϊ 9.102

: pl.

κέρεα 2.38

, κερέων ib. 132; but Hp. has gen. sg. κέρως, pl. κέρατα, Aër.18. [In nom. and acc. κέρας, ᾰ always: in the obl. cases [pron. full] ᾰ in [dialect] Ep., as

κέρᾰσιν Od.3.384

(in [var] contr. dat. κέρᾱ, nom. pl. κέρᾱ (cf. Batr.165), a is shortd. before a vowel, Il.11.385, Od.19.211); but [pron. full] ᾱ in Trag.and Com.,

κέρᾱτος Hermipp.43

,

κέρᾱτα E.Ba. 921

, κεράτων [ᾱ] prob. in S.Tr. 519 (lyr.),

κέρᾱσι A.Fr. 185

. In later [dialect] Ep. the quantity varies.] ( κέρας is prob. related to κάρα; cf. κεραός.)

I the horn of an animal, in Hom. mostly of oxen, Il.17.521, etc.;

ταῦροι.. εἰς κέρας θυμούμενοι E.Ba. 743

; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν his eyes stood fixed and stiff like horns, Od.19.211; as a symbol of strength, LXX Ps.17(18).3, Diogenian.7.89, cf. Arist.PA 662a1; of elephants' tusks, Aret.SD2.13, Opp.C.2.494.

2 antennae of crustaceans, Arist.HA 526a31, 590b27; of the silkworm's grub, ib. 551b10.

II horn, as a material,

αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται Od.19.563

; the horn of animals' hoofs, Longus 2.28.

III anything made of horn,

1 bow,

τόξον ἐνώμα.. πειρώμενος.. μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν Od. 21.395

, cf. Theoc.25.206, Call.Epigr.38, AP6.75 (Paul.Sil.); for Il.11.385 v. infr. v.l.

2 of musical instruments, horn for blowing,

σημῆναι τῷ κέρατι X.An.2.2.4

, cf. Arist.Aud. 802a17; also, the Phrygian flute, because it was tipped with horn (cf. Poll.4.74),

αὐλεῖν τῷ κ. Luc.DDeor.12.1

;

καὶ κέρατι μὲν αὐλεῖν Τυρρηνοὶ νομίζουσι Poll.4.76

, cf. Ath.4.184a.

3 drinking-horn,

ἐκ τοῦ κέρατος αὖ μοι δὸς πιεῖν Hermipp.43

, cf. X.An.7.2.23, OGI214.43 (Didyma, iii B.C.);

ἐξ ἀργυρέων κ. πίνειν Pi.Fr. 166

, cf. IG12.280.77;

ἀργυρηλάτοις κέρασι χρυσᾶ στόμια προσβεβλημένοις A.Fr. 185

;

ἐκπιόντι χρύσεον κ. S.Fr. 483

; for measuring liquids, Gal.13.435.

4 Ἀμαλθείας κ. cornucopiae, v. Ἀμάλθεια.

IV βοὸς κ. prob. a horn guard or cover attached to a fishing-line, Il.24.81, cf. Sch.;

ἐς πόντον προΐησι βοὸς κέρας Od.12.253

;

ψάμμῳ κ. αἰὲν ἐρείδων AP6.230

(Maec.), cf. Aristarch. ap. Apollon.Lex.s.v. κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ, Arist. ap. Plu.2.977a (also expld. as a fishing-line of ox-hair (cf. infr.v.l), ap.Plu.2.976f, cf. Poll.2.31; perh. an artificial bait).

2 clyster-pipe, Orib.8.32 7.

3 in pl., horn points with which the writing-reed was tipped, AP6.227 (Crin.).

V of objects shaped like horns,

1 a mode of dressing the hair,

κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ Il.11.385

(unless the meaning be bow), cf. Aristarch. ad loc., Herodorus and Apionap. Eust. ad loc.: hence κέρας is expld. as = θρίξ or κόμη, Apollon.Lex., Hdn.Gr. ap. Eust.l.c., Poll.2.31, Hsch.; cf. iv. l, and v. κεροπλάστης.

2 arm or branch of a river,

Ὠκεανοῖο κ. Hes. Th. 789

;

Νείλου Pi.Fr. 201

;

τὸ Μενδήσιον κέρας Th.1.110

;

ἐν Ἰνδοῖς ἐν τῷ Κέρατι καλουμένῳ Arist.Mir. 835b5

, cf. Mu. 393b5; τὸ κ. τὸ Βυζαντίων the 'Golden Horn', Str.7.6.2, cf. Plb.4.43.7, Sch.A.R.4.282; Ἑσπέρου K., name of a bay, Hanno Peripl.14, cf. Philostr.VS1.21.2.

3 wing of an army, Hdt.9.26, etc.; or fleet, Id.6.8, Th.2.90, etc.; κ. δεξιόν, λαιόν, A.Pers. 399, E.Supp. 704;

τὸ εὐώνυμον κ. ἀναπτύσσειν X.An.1.10.9

.

b κατὰ κέρας προσβάλλειν, ἐπιπεσεῖν, to attack in flank, Th.3.78, X.HG6.5.16, etc.; κατὰ κ. προσιέναι, ἕπεσθαι, Id.Cyr.7.1.8 and 28;

κατὰ κ. συμπεσών Plb.1.40.14

;

πρὸς κ. μάχεσθαι X.Cyr.7.1.22

.

c ἐπὶ κέρας ἀνάγειν τὰς νέας to lead a fleet in column, Hdt.6.12, cf.14;

κατὰ μίαν ἐπὶ κέρως παραπλεῖν Th.2.90

, cf. 6.32, X.Cyr.6.3.34, Eub.67.4; of armies, κατὰ κέρας, opp. ἐπὶ φάλαγγος, X.Cyr.1.6.43, cf. An.4.6.6, HG7.4.23;

εἰς κ. Id.Eq.Mag.4.3

;

ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φάλαγγα καταστῆσαι Id.Cyr.8.5.15

; οὐκ ἐλᾶτε πρὸς τὸ δεξιὸν κ.; Ar.Eq. 243.

4 corps of 8192 men, = διφαλαγγαρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.6, Arr.Tact.10.7.

b = μεραρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.10.

c contingent of thirty-two chariots, ib. 8, Ael.Tact.22.2.

5 sailyard, = κεραία, AP5.203 (Mel.), OGI674.30 (Egypt, i A.D.), Luc.Am.6, POxy.2136.6 (iii A.D.).

6 mountainpeak, v.l. in h.Hom.1.8; spur,

τὸ κ. τοῦ ὄρους X.An.5.6.7

, cf.Lyc. 534: in pl., extremities of the earth,

γῆς Philostr.VA2.18

(pl.).

7 in Anatomy, extremities of the uterus, Hp.Superf.1, Gal.7.266; of the diaphragm, Sor.1.57.

b ἁπαλὸν κ., = πόσθη, Archil.171, cf.Neophro (?) in PLit.Lond.77 Fr.2.19, E.Fr. 278, AP12.95.6 (Mel.).

8 of the πήχεις of the lyre,

χρυσόδετον κ. S.Fr. 244

(lyr.) (rather than the bridge, because made of horn, Ael.Dion.Fr. 133, Poll.4.62).

VI κέρατα ποιεῖν τινι to give him horns, cuckold him, prov. in Artem.2.11; cf.

κερασφόρος 11

.

VII = κερατίνης, Luc.DMort.1.2.

VIII = σταφυλῖνος ἄγριος, Dsc.3.52; = οἰνάνθη, dub. in Ps.-Dsc.3.120.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `horn, for blowing and drinking', metaph. `branch (of a river), part of an army, top etc.'.

Other forms: gen. ep. *-ραος, Hdt. - ρεος, Att. - ρως, -ρᾱτος, dat. ep. -ραϊ, Hdt. -ρεϊ, Att. - ρᾳ, nom. acc. pl. ep. - ρα(α), Hp. and Att. -ρᾱτα, gen. ep. - ράων, Att. - ρῶν, -ρᾱτων, dat. -ρᾱ̆σι, ep. also - ράεσσι; late ep. gen. sg. -ρά̄ατος, n. a. pl. -ρά̄ατα (further see Schwyzer 515).

Dialectal forms: Myc. keraa \/ keraha\/ nom. pl.

Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in κερασ-φόρος `with a horn' (trag.), also κερατο-φόρος `id.' (Arist.); κεραο-ξόος `polishing horn' (Δ 110, AP; on the euphonically determined thematic vowel Schwyzer 440, Sommer Nominalkomp. 20 n. 2), thematically reshaped e. g. in κερο-φόρος (E.), also κερε-αλκής `with strong horn' (A. R.; cf. Schwyzer 440). As 2. member mostly - κερως (m. f.) \< - κερα(σ)-ος in ὑψί-, ἄ-κερως etc.; with special feminine form ὑψι-, καλλι-κέραν acc. (B.; Sommer 20 n. 1); quite isolated -κέρᾱτος, e. g. ἀ-κέρατος (Pl., Arist.; τῆς ἀκεράτου beside την ἀκέρων Pl. Plt. 265b, c), also ἀ-κέρωτος (AP), - κερος e. g. in νή-κεροι pl. `hornless' (Hes. Op. 529); with the subst. δί-κερας n. `double horn' (Callix.) and, as plant names, αἰγό-, βού-, ταυρό-κερας n. (after the form of the fruit, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); also αἰγο-κέρως `Capricornus' with metrically conditioned gen. - κερῆος (Arat., Q. S.; cf. Bosshardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 64).

Derivatives: Diminutives: κεράτιον `little horn' (Arist., hell.), `name of a weight a. a coin, "carat" (Hero) = Lat. siliqua (inscr. and pap.); τὰ κεράτια `the fruits of the carob-tree' (Ev. Luc. 15, 16, Dsc.); from there κερατία f. `carob-tree' (Str., Plin.), also - τέα (pap., Gp.; after the tree names in - έα), κερωνία `id.' (Thphr., Plin.; as βρυωνία a. o.; Chantraine Formation 207f.), from cross κερατωνία `id.' (Gal., Aët.). Further substantives: κερασ-τής m. `horned being' (S., E.; of ἔλαφος, Πάν etc.), name of a snake, `Cerastes cornutus' (Nic. a. o.), f. - στίς (A).; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 209; also surname of the island of Cyprus (Hdn. 1, 104, 15: " ἀπὸ τοῦ πολλὰς ἄκρας ἔχειν"); κερατῖτις ( μήκων) `kind of poppy' (Thphr., Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72f.); κεραΐτης m. = Lat. cornicularius (Lyd. Mag.), κεραϊ̃τις f. "Hornpflanze" = τῆλις a. o. (Redard 41 and 72, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); however κεραΐτης and κεραϊ̃τις belong rather to κεραία (s. below); κερατίας m. name of Dionysos (D. S.), also name of a comet (Plin.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107); κεραία f. name of several hornlike objects, e. g. `yard, beam, cornucopia', as sign of writing = Lat. apex (Att., hell.); dimin. κερᾳδιον (Attica, Delos; or κεραΐδιον?); κερατών, - ῶνος m. name of an altar on Delos (hell.; prop. "place adorned with horns"; after the place names in - ών). - Adjectives: κεράτινος `made of horn' (X., Pl. Com.), κερατίνης m. `the fallacy called the Horns' (D. L., Luc.); κερατώδης `hornlike' (Thphr.); κερόεις `horned' (Anakr., Simon.); κερέϊνος `id.' (Aq., Sm.). - Denomin. verb: 1. κερατίζω `but with the horns' (LXX); from there κερατιστής (LXX), κεράτισις (Apollod. Poliork.); κερατισμός `loss on excange of solidi in ceratia' as if from κερατίζω *`change in ceratia' (pap. VI^p, Lyd. Mag.); 2. κερατόω `change in horn' (Ael.); 3. κεράω `provide with horns' (Arat.), `form a wing' (Plb.). - On κεραός, κεραΐς, κεράμβυξ, κερανίξαι, κερουτιάω, κέρνα s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱer-h₂(e)s- `horn, head'

Etymology: Beside κέρας `horn' stands in κάρᾱ, κάρηνα `head' a reduced grade *καρασ- (\< *ḱerh₂-es-), in κρᾱνίον `skull' a zero grade *κρᾱσ- (\< ḱr̥h₂s-); on the meaning s. below. A zero grade also in Skt. śíras- n. `head' (\< *ḱr̥h₂es-); Av. sarah- n. `head' is polyinterpr.); zero grade in gen. śīrṣ-ṇ-ás (\< *ḱr̥h₂s-nos; κρά̄ατος \< *ḱr̥h₂s-n̥-tos, cf. on κάρᾱ). The full grade with e- in Lat. cerebrum `brain' (IE. *ḱerh₂(e)s-ro-m \> * keras-ro-m). - The s-stem has an u-complement in κερα(Ϝ)-ός (s. v.); further there is an n-fomation in Germ., e. g. NHG Horn, Lat. corn-ū, Skt. śŕ̥ṇ-g-am `horn'. Full discussion in Nussbaum, Head and Horm, 1986. The original meaning was prob. `horn, Gehörn', from where `horned animal-head' and `head in gen.' - Further forms s. on κάρᾱ, κρᾱνίον, κρήδεμνον, κράνος; also W.-Hofmann s. cerebrum and cornū.

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