βραχιον-ιστήρ

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `broad leather strap fastening the yoke to the neck and the girth' (Il., A., Ar., AP, pap.);

Other forms: mostly pl. - να also λέπαμνα (Apollon. Lex. ; δν \> μν, Schwyzer 208)

Derivatives: λεπαδν-ιστήρ m. `end of the λ.' (Poll.; like βραχιον-ιστήρ, κορυφ-ιστήρ a. o.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Formation like ὀπιδ-νός, παιδ-νός, γοε-δνός, μακεδν-ός a. o. (Schwyzer 489, Chantraine Form. 194); further unexplained. Morphologically prob. λέπαδ-νο-ν; so from λεπάς, - άδος `limpet', as the λέπαδνα like snakes cling to the neck (cf. Ar. V. 105 [from Φιλοκλέων]: ὥσπερ λεπὰς προσεχόμενος τῳ̃ κίονι)??, but a metaphor from the marine fauna to the hippological area would be quite rare. - No doubt a Pre-Greek word.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `scratch, write' (Il. [Aor.]).

Other forms: Aor. γράψαι

Dialectal forms: γρόφω (Melos)

Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἐπι-, συν- etc. Many compounds with - γράφος as 2nd member; the paroxyt. are `passive', ἄγραφος `not written'.

Derivatives: γραπτύες f. pl. `scratching' (ω 229); γραφή `id.' also `prosecution' (Ion.-Att.; γροφά Epid.), γραφικός; γράφεα n. pl. = γράμματα (Arcad., El.); γράφημα = γράμμα (AB); γραμμή `line' (Pi.), γραμμικός `linear, geometric' (Gal.), γραμμιαῖος `id.' (Dam.), γραμμώδης (Thphr.); γραμμιστήρ a chirurg. instrument (medic., cf. βραχιον-ιστήρ) and γραμμιστός (Eust.; γραμμίζω uncertain in Eust. 633, 63). γράμμα, pl. - ατα `line, writing, letter' (Ion.-Att.); also γράσσμα (Arc.; \< *γράφ-σμα), γράθματα (Arg.) and γρόππατα (Aeol., Balbilla); s Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 and 523f., and Fraenkel Philol. 97, 163f. - On διάγραμμα Bikerman Rev. de phil. 64, 295ff. - From γράμμα γραμμάτιον (Luc.), γραμμάριον `weight of 2 oboles' (Aët.; γραμματεύς `writer, secretary' (Att.) with γραμματεύω and γραμματεῖον `writing table etc.', γραμματ(ε)ίδιον; γραμματεία `secretariate' (pap., Plu.); - γραμματικός, γραμματικεύομαι (AP); f. γραμματική ( τέχνη) `grammar etc.'; γραμματιστής `secretary, teacher' (Ion.-Att.), (Herod., Messen. Boeot.) ; γραμματιστική `elementary education' (Phld.). - γραμμός `writing' (Hdn.). - γραφεύς, Dor. Arc. also γροφεύς `painter, writer' (Emp.), γραφεῖον `writing instrument' (Arist.). γραπτήρ `writer' (AP), γραπτεύς (Sch.). γραφίς `slate-pencil' (Pl.; γροφίς Epid.); γραφίσκος medic. instrument (Cels.). ἐπιγράβδην `scraping the surface' (Il.) shows the orifinal meaning. - Desid. γραψείω (Gloss.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [392] * gerbʰ- `scratch, carve'

Etymology: All forms have only the form γραφ-. The mainly Dorian form γροφ- ( γροφά, - ίς, - εύς, - εύω, σύγγροφος etc., is probably not an old o-vocalism, but a Greek variant of ρα from a zero grade (DELG). - Outside Greek there is a PIE. * gerbh-, in OE ceorfan `cut, carve', MHG kerben; further in Slavic, e. g. OCS žrěbьjь (* gerbʰ-) `(al)lot(ment' (prop. *`carved stick'?). A problem is γριφᾶσθαι, q.v.

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