without+object

as-sĕquor ( ads-, Fleck., B. and K., Halm), sĕcūtus (or sĕquutus; v. sequor), 3, v. dep., to follow one in order to come up to him, to pursue.

A.. In gen. (only ante-class. in the two foll. exs.): ne sequere, adsequere, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Müll.:

Adsequere, retine,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 89.—Far more freq.,

Esp., to reach one by pursuing him:

sequendo pervenire ad aliquem: nec quicquam sequi, quod adsequi non queas,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Hence, to overtake, come up with a person or thing (with the idea of active exertion; while consequi designates merely a coming up with, a meeting with a desired object, the attainment of a wish; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 147 sq. According to gen. usage, adsequor is found only in prose;

but consequor is freq. found in the poets): si es Romae jam me adsequi non potes, sin es in viā, cum eris me adsecutus, coram agemus,

Cic. Att. 3, 5; [p. 178] poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

Pisonem nuntius adsequitur,

Tac. A. 2, 75.—In the histt. also absol.:

ut si viā rectā vestigia sequentes īssent, haud dubie adsecuturi fuerint,

Liv. 28, 16:

in Bruttios raptim, ne Gracchus adsequeretur, concessit,

id. 24, 20:

nondum adsecutā parte suorum,

arrived, id. 33, 8; Tac. H. 3, 60.—

Trop.

To gain, obtain, procure:

eosdem honorum gradus adsecuti,

Cic. Planc. 25, 60:

immortalitatem,

id. ib. 37, 90:

omnes magistratus sine repulsā,

id. Pis. 1, 2; so Sall. J. 4, 4:

regnum,

Curt. 4, 6 al.:

nihil quicquam egregium,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134; id. Verr. 2, 1, 57:

quā in re nihil aliud adsequeris, nisi ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

adsecutas virtute, ne, etc.,

Just. 2, 4.—

To attain to one in any quality, i. e. to come up to, to equal, match; more freq. in regard to the quality itself, to attain to:

Sisenna Clitarchum velle imitari videtur: quem si adsequi posset, aliquantum ab optimo tamen abesset,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2 fin.:

benevolentiam tuam erga me imitabor, merita non adsequar,

id. Fam. 6, 4 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 4 fin.:

qui illorum prudentiam, non dicam adsequi, sed quanta fuerit perspicere possint,

id. Har. Resp. 9, 18:

ingenium alicujus aliquā ex parte,

Plin. Ep. 4, 8, 5: ut longitudo aut plenitudo harum multitudinem alterius adsequatur et exaequet, Auct. ad Her. 4, 20.—

Transf. to mental objects, to attain to by an effort of the under standing, to comprehend, understand:

ut essent, qui cogitationem adsequi possent et voluntatem interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 2, 47, 139:

quibus (ratione et intellegentiā) utimur ad eam rem, ut apertis obscura adsequamur,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:

ut scribas ad me, quid ipse conjecturā adsequare,

id. Att. 7, 13 A fin.:

Quis tot ludibria fortunae... aut animo adsequi queat aut oratione complecti?

Curt. 4, 16, 10; Sex. Caecil. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 5:

quid istuc sit, videor ferme adsequi,

Gell. 3, 1, 3:

visum est et mihi adsecuto omnia a principio diligenter ex ordine tibi scribere,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 3:

adsecutus es meam doctrinam,

ib. 2 Tim. 3, 10; ib. 1 Tim. 4, 6.

► Pass. acc. to Prisc. p. 791 P., but without an example; in Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73 fin., instead of the earlier reading, it is better to read, ut haec diligentia nihil eorum investigare, nihil adsequi potuerit; cf. Zumpt ad h. l., and Gronov. Observ. 1, 12, 107; so also B. and K.

assigno ( ads-, B. and K., Halm, Weissenb., Jahn, K. and H.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

In gen.

Lit., to mark out or appoint to one, to assign; hence also, to distribute, allot, give by assigning, as t. t. of the division of public lands to the colonists (cf. assignatio;

syn.: ascribo, attribuo): uti agrum eis militibus, legioni Martiae et legioni quartae ita darent, adsignarent, ut quibus militibus amplissime dati, adsignati essent,

Cic. Phil. 5, 19 fin.; so id. ib. 2, 17, 43; id. Agr. 3, 3, 12:

qui (triumviri) ad agrum venerant adsignandum,

Liv. 21, 25; 26, 21; Sic. Fl. p. 18 Goes.—

Transf., to assign something to some one, to confer upon:

mihi ex agro tuo tantum adsignes, quantum corpore meo occupari potest,

Cic. Att. 3, 19, 3: munus humanum adsignatum a deo, id. Rep. 6, 15 fin.:

apparitores a praetore adsignati,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 25:

ordines,

id. Pis. 36, 88:

quem cuique ordinem adsignari e re publicā esset, eum adsignare,

Liv. 42, 33:

equum publicum,

id. 39, 19; so id. 5, 7:

equiti certus numerus aeris est adsignatus,

id. ib.: aspera bella componunt, agros adsignant, oppida condunt, to assign dwellingplaces to those roaming about (with ref. to I. A.), * Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 8:

natura avibus caelum adsignavit,

appointed, allotted, Plin. 10, 50, 72, § 141:

de adsignandis libertis,

Dig. 38, 4. 1 sq.: adsignavit eam vivam, parestêsen, he presented her, Vulg. Act. 9, 41 al.—

Trop., to ascribe, attribute, impute to one as a crime, or to reckon as a service (in the last sense not before the Aug. period; in Cic. only in the first signification).

In mal. part.:

nec vero id homini tum quisquam, sed tempori adsignandum putavit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 27:

haec si minus apta videntur huic sermoni, Attico adsigna, qui etc.,

id. Brut. 19, 74:

ne hoc improbitati et sceleri meo potius quam imprudentiae miseriaeque adsignes,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 4; so id. Fam. 6, 7, 3; id. Att. 6, 1, 11; 10, 4, 6; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:

petit, ne unius amentiam civitati adsignarent,

Liv. 35, 31 ' permixtum vehiculis agmen ac pleraque fortuita fraudi suae adsignantes, Tac. H. 2, 60; Nigid. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 2; and without dat.: me culpam fortunae adsignare, calamitatem crimini dare;

me amissionem classis obicere, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50 Zumpt.—

In bon. part.: nos omnia, quae prospera tibi evenere, tuo consilio adsignare;

adversa casibus incertis belli et fortunae delegare,

Liv. 28, 42, 7:

Cypri devictae nulli adsignanda gloria est,

Vell. 2, 38:

sua fortia facta gloriae principis,

Tac. G. 14:

hoc sibi gloriae,

Gell. 9, 9 fin.:

si haec infinitas naturae omnium artifici possit adsignari,

Plin. 2, 1, 1, § 3:

inventionem ejus (molyos) Mercurio adsignat,

id. 25, 4, 8, § 26 al. —

Esp.

With the access. idea of object, design, to commit, consign, give over a thing to one to keep or take care of (rare, mostly post - Aug.):

quibus deportanda Romam Regina Juno adsignata erat,

Liv. 5, 22 ' Eumenem adsignari custodibus praecepit, Just. 14, 4 fin.; Dig. 18, 1, 62; 4, 9, 1.— Trop.:

bonos juvenes adsignare famae,

Plin. Ep. 6, 23, 2; so Sen. Ep. 110.—

To make a mark upon something, to seal it (post-Aug.):

adsigna, Marce, tabellas,

Pers. 5, 81:

subscribente et adsignante domino,

Dig. 45, 1, 126; 26, 8, 20: cum adsignavero iis fructum hunc, shall have sealed and sent, Vulg. Rom. 15, 28.— Trop.:

verbum in clausulā positum adsignatur auditori et infigitur,

is impressed upon, Quint. 9, 4, 29.

af-fĕro (better adf-), attŭli (adt-, better att-), allātum (adl-), afferre (adf-), v. a.; constr. aliquid ad aliquem or alicui.

In gen., to bring, take, carry or convey a thing to a place (of portable things, while adducere denotes the leading or conducting of men, animals, etc.), lit. and trop.

Lit.:

lumen,

Enn. Ann. 1, 40:

viginti minas,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 78; 1, 3, 87 al.:

adtuli hunc.—Quid, adtulisti?—Adduxi volui dicere,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 21:

tandem bruma nives adfert,

Lucr. 5, 746: adlatus est acipenser, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

adfer huc scyphos,

Hor. Epod. 9, 33:

nuces,

Juv. 5, 144:

cibum pede ad rostrum veluti manu,

Plin. 10, 46, 63, § 129:

pauxillum aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 4:

caput ejus,

ib. Marc. 6, 28.—With de in part. sense:

adferte nobis de fructibus terrae,

Vulg. Num. 13, 21; ib. Joan. 21, 10 (as lit. rendering of the Greek).—So of letters:

adferre litteras, ad aliquem or alicui,

Cic. Att. 8, 6; id. Imp. Pomp. 2; Liv. 22, 11 al.: adferre se ad aliquem locum, to betake one's self to a place, to go or come to (opp. auferre se ab aliquo, to withdraw from, to leave, only poet.):

huc me adfero,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 6; Ter. And. 4, 5, 12 Bentl.:

Fatis huc te poscentibus adfers,

Verg. A. 8, 477:

sese a moenibus,

id. ib. 3, 345.—So pass. adferri:

urbem adferimur,

are driven, come, Verg. A. 7, 217;

and adferre pedem: abite illuc, unde malum pedem adtulistis,

id. Cat. 14, 21.— To bring near, extend, = porrigo (eccl. Lat.):

adfer manum tuam,

reach hither, Vulg. Joan. 20, 27.—

Trop., to bring to, upon, in a good or bad sense.

In bon. part.:

pacem ad vos adfero,

Plaut. Am. prol. 32:

hic Stoicus genus sermonum adfert non liquidum,

i.e. makes use of, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159:

nihil ostentationis aut imitationis adferre,

id. ib. 3, 12, 45:

non minus adferret ad dicendum auctoritatis quam facultatis,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

consulatum in familiam,

id. Phil. 9, 2:

animum vacuum ad scribendas res difficiles,

id. Att. 12, 38:

tibi benedictionem,

Vulg. Gen. 33, 11:

Domino gloriam,

ib. 1 Par. 16, 28; ib. Apoc. 21, 26: ignominiam, ib. Osee, 4, 18.—

In mal. part.:

bellum in patriam,

Ov. M. 12, 5:

nisi etiam illuc pervenerint (canes), ut in dominum adferant dentes,

to use their teeth against their master, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 9:

adferam super eos mala,

Vulg. Jer. 23, 12:

Quam accusationem adfertis adversus hominem hunc?

id. Joan. 18, 29: quod gustatum adfert mortem, ib. Job, 6, 6: vim adferre alicui for inferre, to use force against or offer violence to one, Cic. Phil. 2, 7; id. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 9, 16; 42, 29 Drak.; Ov. H. 17, 21 Heins.; id. A. A. 1, 679; Suet. Oth. 12 al.: manus adferre alicui, in a bad sense, to lay hands on, attack, assail (opp.:

manus abstinere ab aliquo): pro re quisque manus adfert (sc. ad pugnam),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26:

domino a familiā suā manus adlatas esse,

id. Quint. 27:

intellegimus eum detrudi, cui manus adferuntur,

id. Caecin. 17:

qui sit improbissimus, manus ei adferantur, effodiantur oculi,

id. Rep. 3, 17 Creuz. al.: sibi manus, to lay hands on one's self, to commit suicide: Qui quidem manus, quas justius in Lepidi perniciem animāsset, sibi adferre conatus est, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23.—Also of things: manus templo, to rob or plunder, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18:

bonis alienis,

id. Off. 2, 15:

manus suis vulneribus,

to tear open, id. Att. 3, 15 (a little before:

ne rescindam ipse dolorem meum): manus beneficio suo,

to nullify, render worthless, Sen. Ben. 2, 5 ext. —

Esp.

To bring, bear, or carry a thing, as news, to report, announce, inform, publish; constr. alicui or ad aliquem aliquid, or acc. with inf. (class.;

in the histt., esp. in Livy, very freq.): ea adferam eaque ut nuntiem, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 9:

istud quod adfers, aures exspectant meae,

id. As. 2, 2, 65; Ter. Phorm. prol. 22:

calamitas tanta fuit, ut eam non ex proelio nuntius, sed ex sermone rumor adferret,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 25:

si ei subito sit adlatum periculum patriae,

id. Off. 1, 43, 154:

nihil novi ad nos adferebatur,

id. Fam. 2, 14; id. Att. 6, 8: rumores, qui de me adferuntur, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21:

Caelium ad illam adtulisse, se aurum quaerere,

id. Cael. 24; so id. Fam. 5, 2 al.:

magnum enim, quod adferebant, videbatur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 15 Dint.:

cum crebri adferrent nuntii, male rem gerere Darium,

Nep. 3, 3:

haud vana adtulere,

Liv. 4, 37; 6, 31:

exploratores missi adtulerunt quieta omnia apud Gallos esse,

id. 8, 17 Drak.:

per idem tempus rebellāsse Etruscos adlatum est,

word was brought, id. 10, 45 al.:

idem ex Hispaniā adlatum,

Tac. H. 1, 76:

esse, qui magnum nescio quid adferret,

Suet. Dom. 16; Luc. 1, 475:

scelus adtulit umbris,

Val. Fl. 3, 172 al. —So of instruction: doctrinam, Vulg. prol. Eccli.; ib. 2 Joan. 10.—

To bring a thing on one, i.e. to cause, occasion, effect, give, impart; esp. of states of mind:

aegritudinem alicui,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 2:

alicui molestiam,

id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:

populo Romano pacem, tranquillitatem, otium, concordiam,

Cic. Mur. 1:

alicui multas lacrimas, magnam cladem,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

ipsa detractio molestiae consecutionem adfert voluptatis,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 37; so,

adferre auctoritatem et fidem orationi,

id. Phil. 12, 7:

metum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25:

dolorem,

id. Sull. 1:

luctum et egestatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 5:

consolationem,

id. Att. 10, 4:

delectationem,

id. Fam. 7, 1 al.:

detrimentum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 82:

taedium,

Plin. 15, 2, 3, § 7:

dolorem capitis,

id. 23, 1, 18:

gaudium,

Plin. Ep. 10, 2, 1 al. —

To bring forwards, allege, assert, adduce, as an excuse, reason, etc.:

quam causam adferam?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 23:

justas causas adfers,

Cic. Att. 11, 15;

also without causa: rationes quoque, cur hoc ita sit, adferendas puto,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 27; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13:

idque me non ad meam defensionem adtulisse,

id. Caecin. 29, 85:

ad ea, quae dixi, adfer, si quid habes,

id. Att. 7: nihil igitur adferunt, qui in re gerendā versari senectutem negant, they bring forwards nothing to the purpose, who, etc., id. Sen. 6; id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:

quid enim poterit dicere?... an aetatem adferet?

i. e. as an excuse, id. ib. 2, 89, 364.—Also absol.:

Quid sit enim corpus sentire, quis adferet umquam...?

will bring forwards an explanation, Lucr. 3, 354 (cf. reddo absol. in same sense, id. 1, 566):

et, cur credam, adferre possum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70; 3, 23, 55.—

Adferre aliquid = conducere, conferre aliquid, to contribute any thing to a definite object, to be useful in any thing, to help, assist; constr. with ad, with dat., or absol.:

quam ad rem magnum adtulimus adjumentum hominibus nostris,

Cic. Off. 1, 1:

negat Epicurus diuturnitatem temporis ad beate vivendum aliquid adferre,

id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:

quidquid ad rem publicam adtulimus, si modo aliquid adtulimus,

id. Off. 1, 44, 155:

illa praesidia non adferunt oratori aliquid, ne, etc.,

id. Mil. 1: aliquid adtulimus etiam nos, id. Planc. 10, 24:

quid enim oves aliud adferunt, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 63.—

Very rare in class. period, to bring forth as a product, to yield, bear, produce, = fero:

agri fertiles, qui multo plus adferunt, quam acceperunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 15:

herbam adferentem semen,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 29:

arva non adferent cibum,

ib. Hab. 3, 17: lignum adtulit fructum, ib. Joel, 2, 22; ib. Apoc. 22, 2:

ager fructum,

ib. Luc. 12, 16 al.

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

alterae,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.

Lit.

In gen.:

nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

altera ex duabus legionibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

cum altero vero magnus usus,

Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

alter consulum,

Liv. 40, 59:

alter ex censoribus,

id. 40, 52:

in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —

Esp.

a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—

In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

ea optima est,

Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

venio ad alteram,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

Eutr. 1, 8:

Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —

Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

id. ib.:

alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes

one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

Liv. 29, 33:

hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or

the form changed:

dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

Amm. 14, 11.—

In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —

The second alter in a different case:

alter alterius ova frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

Liv. 5, 11:

alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

dicunt unus ad alterum,

Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

ut nemo sit alteri similis,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

id. 7, prooem. 4:

neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

ut neutra alteri officiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—

As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

id. Sen. 9:

die altero,

Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

die altero,

ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,

Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

vicesima et altera laedit,

Manil. 4, 466.—

So of a number collectively:

remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,

Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.

For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

unus et alter dies intercesserat,

Cic. Clu. 26:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

id. Att. 14, 18:

et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—

More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

ex illis unus et alter ait,

Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

Tac. G. 6.—

Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

altero tanto aut sesqui major,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

altero tanto longior,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

numero tantum alterum adjecit,

Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—

Alteri totidem, as many more:

de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —

To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,

With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

Verres, alter Orcus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

alterum se Verrem putabat,

id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

Hamilcar, Mars alter,

Liv. 21, 10.—

With a com. noun:

me sicut alterum parentem observat,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

altera patria,

Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —

Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

me alterum se fore dixit,

id. Att. 4, 1:

quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—

Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—

The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

non uterque sed alter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

id. Att. 11, 18:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

Liv. 1, 13:

nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 69:

ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—

Transf.

Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

cave ne portus occupet alter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

Phaedr. 1, 19:

nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

qui me alter audacior est homo?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—

The other, the opposite:

alterius factionis principes,

the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

Suet. Tib. 11. —

In gen., different:

quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—

In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).

alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).

[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

alterae,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.

Lit.

In gen.:

nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

altera ex duabus legionibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

cum altero vero magnus usus,

Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

alter consulum,

Liv. 40, 59:

alter ex censoribus,

id. 40, 52:

in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —

Esp.

a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—

In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

ea optima est,

Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

venio ad alteram,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

Eutr. 1, 8:

Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —

Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

id. ib.:

alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes

one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

Liv. 29, 33:

hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or

the form changed:

dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

Amm. 14, 11.—

In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —

The second alter in a different case:

alter alterius ova frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

Liv. 5, 11:

alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

dicunt unus ad alterum,

Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

ut nemo sit alteri similis,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

id. 7, prooem. 4:

neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

ut neutra alteri officiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—

As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

id. Sen. 9:

die altero,

Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

die altero,

ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,

Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

vicesima et altera laedit,

Manil. 4, 466.—

So of a number collectively:

remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,

Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.

For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

unus et alter dies intercesserat,

Cic. Clu. 26:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

id. Att. 14, 18:

et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—

More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

ex illis unus et alter ait,

Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

Tac. G. 6.—

Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

altero tanto aut sesqui major,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

altero tanto longior,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

numero tantum alterum adjecit,

Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—

Alteri totidem, as many more:

de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —

To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,

With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

Verres, alter Orcus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

alterum se Verrem putabat,

id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

Hamilcar, Mars alter,

Liv. 21, 10.—

With a com. noun:

me sicut alterum parentem observat,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

altera patria,

Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —

Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

me alterum se fore dixit,

id. Att. 4, 1:

quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—

Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—

The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

non uterque sed alter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

id. Att. 11, 18:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

Liv. 1, 13:

nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 69:

ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—

Transf.

Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

cave ne portus occupet alter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

Phaedr. 1, 19:

nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

qui me alter audacior est homo?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—

The other, the opposite:

alterius factionis principes,

the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

Suet. Tib. 11. —

In gen., different:

quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—

In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).

alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).

[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

ap-pĕto ( adp-, Lachm., Baiter, Weissenb., Halm; app-, Ritschl, Kayser), īvi or ii, ītum, 3, v. a. and n. (class.; in poetry rare); act., to strive after a thing, to try to get, to grasp after (syn.: adfecto, nitor in aliquid).

Lit.

In gen.:

solem manibus adpetere,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46; so id. ib. 2, 41:

placentam,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; so, adpetere manum osculis, to seize upon the hand with kisses, i. e. in order to kiss it, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 250;

hence, appeti, of old men whose hands one seizes and kisses: haec enim ipsa sunt honorabilia, salutari, adpeti, decedi, adsurgi, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 18, 63; hence (like accedere), to go or come somewhere, to approach, arrive at:

urbem,

Suet. Caes. 42.— Of things without life: mare terram adpetens, pressing or rushing on, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 100:

crescebat interim urbs, munitionibus alia atque alia adpetendo loca,

by continually advancing farther, Liv. 1, 8:

Thule, quam hactenus nix et hiems adpetebat,

only snow and frost had approached, Tac. Agr. 10.—

Esp., to attack, to fall or seize upon, assault, assail (syn.:

peto, adgredior, adorior, invado): lapidibus appetere,

Cic. Dom. 5, 13:

ferro atque insidiis,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 30; id. Planc. 29 fin.:

umerum gladio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35; Liv. 7, 26:

aquila aquaticas aves adpetit,

Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 9:

morsu,

Tac. H. 4, 42; Dig. 38, 2, 14; 48, 5, 27 al.— Trop.:

ignominiis omnibus appetitis,

Cic. Quint. 31:

me amor appetit,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 8:

(uxor) falsā suspitione appetitur,

Vulg. Num. 5, 14.—

Trop., [p. 142] to strive after earnestly, to desire eagerly, to long for (syn.: peto, cupio, expeto; opp. declino, aspernor; v. infra): aliut in dies magis adpetitur, * Lucr. 5, 1279:

ut bona naturā adpetimus, sic a malis naturā declinamus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13; cf. id. N. D. 3, 13, 33:

idem non modo non recusem, sed appetam etiam atque deposcam,

id. Phil. 3, 14:

inimicitias potentium appetere,

id. Mil. 36; so id. Rosc. Am. 18; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2; id. Agr. 2, 23:

alterum esse adpetendum, alterum aspernandum,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 31 al.:

amicitiam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

adulescentium familiaritates,

Sall. C. 14, 5:

hereditates,

Suet. Aug. 60:

divitias,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 5; ib. 1 Tim. 6, 10:

nihil ornamentorum,

Suet. Vesp. 12 al.:

alienum,

Phaedr. 1, 4, 1:

nec abnuendum imperium nec adpetendum,

Sen. Thyest. 472 et saep.—Also of food, to have an appetite for (cf. appetitio, II. B.):

appetitur vilis oliva,

Mart. 9, 27:

pisciculos minutos, caseum,

Suet. Aug. 76.—Constr. with inf. as object:

ut adpetat animus agere semper aliquid,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 55; Stat. Th. 1, 234; Pall. 10, 13, 2.—

Neutr., to draw on or nigh, to approach, be at hand (only of time and things having relation to it;

syn.: venio, advenio, adpropinquo, adsum): cum appetit meridies,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 116:

dies adpetebat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

nox jam adpetebat,

Liv. 8, 38; so id. 5, 44; 10, 42:

tempus anni,

id. 34, 13; so id. 22, 1; 29, 10 al.:

lux,

Tac. A. 4, 51 al.:

partitudo cui appetit,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

consularia comitia adpetebant,

Liv. 41, 28:

adpetit finis,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 23 fin. — Hence, appĕtens ( adp-), entis, P. a. (acc. to II.); pr. striving passionately after something; hence,

In gen., desirous of, eager for; constr. with gen.:

appetens gloriae atque avidus laudis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3:

nihil est adpetentius similium sui,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

studiosissimi adpetentissimique honestatis,

id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; so Sall. C. 5, 4; id. J. 7, 1; Plin. 31, 6, 36, § 69:

turbidi et negotiorum adpetentes,

Tac. A. 14, 57; id. H. 1, 49; 3, 39; 4, 6; 4, 83; Gell. 16, 3.—

Esp., eager for money (cf. abundans), avaricious:

homo non cupidus neque appetens,

Cic. Agr. 2, 8:

grati animi, non appetentis, non avidi signa,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 182.— Adv.: appĕtenter ( adp-), eagerly, in a grasping spirit or manner:

ne cupide quid agerent, ne adpetenter,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33; App. M. 7, p. 192, 40 Elm.— Comp. and sup. not used.

appĕto ( adp-), ōnis, m. [1. appeto], he that strives eagerly for a thing, Laber. ap. Non. p. 74, 8 (Com. Rel. p. 251 Rib.).

as-sĕquor ( ads-, Fleck., B. and K., Halm), sĕcūtus (or sĕquutus; v. sequor), 3, v. dep., to follow one in order to come up to him, to pursue.

A.. In gen. (only ante-class. in the two foll. exs.): ne sequere, adsequere, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Müll.:

Adsequere, retine,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 89.—Far more freq.,

Esp., to reach one by pursuing him:

sequendo pervenire ad aliquem: nec quicquam sequi, quod adsequi non queas,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Hence, to overtake, come up with a person or thing (with the idea of active exertion; while consequi designates merely a coming up with, a meeting with a desired object, the attainment of a wish; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 147 sq. According to gen. usage, adsequor is found only in prose;

but consequor is freq. found in the poets): si es Romae jam me adsequi non potes, sin es in viā, cum eris me adsecutus, coram agemus,

Cic. Att. 3, 5; [p. 178] poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

Pisonem nuntius adsequitur,

Tac. A. 2, 75.—In the histt. also absol.:

ut si viā rectā vestigia sequentes īssent, haud dubie adsecuturi fuerint,

Liv. 28, 16:

in Bruttios raptim, ne Gracchus adsequeretur, concessit,

id. 24, 20:

nondum adsecutā parte suorum,

arrived, id. 33, 8; Tac. H. 3, 60.—

Trop.

To gain, obtain, procure:

eosdem honorum gradus adsecuti,

Cic. Planc. 25, 60:

immortalitatem,

id. ib. 37, 90:

omnes magistratus sine repulsā,

id. Pis. 1, 2; so Sall. J. 4, 4:

regnum,

Curt. 4, 6 al.:

nihil quicquam egregium,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134; id. Verr. 2, 1, 57:

quā in re nihil aliud adsequeris, nisi ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

adsecutas virtute, ne, etc.,

Just. 2, 4.—

To attain to one in any quality, i. e. to come up to, to equal, match; more freq. in regard to the quality itself, to attain to:

Sisenna Clitarchum velle imitari videtur: quem si adsequi posset, aliquantum ab optimo tamen abesset,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2 fin.:

benevolentiam tuam erga me imitabor, merita non adsequar,

id. Fam. 6, 4 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 4 fin.:

qui illorum prudentiam, non dicam adsequi, sed quanta fuerit perspicere possint,

id. Har. Resp. 9, 18:

ingenium alicujus aliquā ex parte,

Plin. Ep. 4, 8, 5: ut longitudo aut plenitudo harum multitudinem alterius adsequatur et exaequet, Auct. ad Her. 4, 20.—

Transf. to mental objects, to attain to by an effort of the under standing, to comprehend, understand:

ut essent, qui cogitationem adsequi possent et voluntatem interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 2, 47, 139:

quibus (ratione et intellegentiā) utimur ad eam rem, ut apertis obscura adsequamur,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:

ut scribas ad me, quid ipse conjecturā adsequare,

id. Att. 7, 13 A fin.:

Quis tot ludibria fortunae... aut animo adsequi queat aut oratione complecti?

Curt. 4, 16, 10; Sex. Caecil. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 5:

quid istuc sit, videor ferme adsequi,

Gell. 3, 1, 3:

visum est et mihi adsecuto omnia a principio diligenter ex ordine tibi scribere,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 3:

adsecutus es meam doctrinam,

ib. 2 Tim. 3, 10; ib. 1 Tim. 4, 6.

► Pass. acc. to Prisc. p. 791 P., but without an example; in Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73 fin., instead of the earlier reading, it is better to read, ut haec diligentia nihil eorum investigare, nihil adsequi potuerit; cf. Zumpt ad h. l., and Gronov. Observ. 1, 12, 107; so also B. and K.

assigno ( ads-, B. and K., Halm, Weissenb., Jahn, K. and H.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

In gen.

Lit., to mark out or appoint to one, to assign; hence also, to distribute, allot, give by assigning, as t. t. of the division of public lands to the colonists (cf. assignatio;

syn.: ascribo, attribuo): uti agrum eis militibus, legioni Martiae et legioni quartae ita darent, adsignarent, ut quibus militibus amplissime dati, adsignati essent,

Cic. Phil. 5, 19 fin.; so id. ib. 2, 17, 43; id. Agr. 3, 3, 12:

qui (triumviri) ad agrum venerant adsignandum,

Liv. 21, 25; 26, 21; Sic. Fl. p. 18 Goes.—

Transf., to assign something to some one, to confer upon:

mihi ex agro tuo tantum adsignes, quantum corpore meo occupari potest,

Cic. Att. 3, 19, 3: munus humanum adsignatum a deo, id. Rep. 6, 15 fin.:

apparitores a praetore adsignati,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 25:

ordines,

id. Pis. 36, 88:

quem cuique ordinem adsignari e re publicā esset, eum adsignare,

Liv. 42, 33:

equum publicum,

id. 39, 19; so id. 5, 7:

equiti certus numerus aeris est adsignatus,

id. ib.: aspera bella componunt, agros adsignant, oppida condunt, to assign dwellingplaces to those roaming about (with ref. to I. A.), * Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 8:

natura avibus caelum adsignavit,

appointed, allotted, Plin. 10, 50, 72, § 141:

de adsignandis libertis,

Dig. 38, 4. 1 sq.: adsignavit eam vivam, parestêsen, he presented her, Vulg. Act. 9, 41 al.—

Trop., to ascribe, attribute, impute to one as a crime, or to reckon as a service (in the last sense not before the Aug. period; in Cic. only in the first signification).

In mal. part.:

nec vero id homini tum quisquam, sed tempori adsignandum putavit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 27:

haec si minus apta videntur huic sermoni, Attico adsigna, qui etc.,

id. Brut. 19, 74:

ne hoc improbitati et sceleri meo potius quam imprudentiae miseriaeque adsignes,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 4; so id. Fam. 6, 7, 3; id. Att. 6, 1, 11; 10, 4, 6; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:

petit, ne unius amentiam civitati adsignarent,

Liv. 35, 31 ' permixtum vehiculis agmen ac pleraque fortuita fraudi suae adsignantes, Tac. H. 2, 60; Nigid. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 2; and without dat.: me culpam fortunae adsignare, calamitatem crimini dare;

me amissionem classis obicere, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50 Zumpt.—

In bon. part.: nos omnia, quae prospera tibi evenere, tuo consilio adsignare;

adversa casibus incertis belli et fortunae delegare,

Liv. 28, 42, 7:

Cypri devictae nulli adsignanda gloria est,

Vell. 2, 38:

sua fortia facta gloriae principis,

Tac. G. 14:

hoc sibi gloriae,

Gell. 9, 9 fin.:

si haec infinitas naturae omnium artifici possit adsignari,

Plin. 2, 1, 1, § 3:

inventionem ejus (molyos) Mercurio adsignat,

id. 25, 4, 8, § 26 al. —

Esp.

With the access. idea of object, design, to commit, consign, give over a thing to one to keep or take care of (rare, mostly post - Aug.):

quibus deportanda Romam Regina Juno adsignata erat,

Liv. 5, 22 ' Eumenem adsignari custodibus praecepit, Just. 14, 4 fin.; Dig. 18, 1, 62; 4, 9, 1.— Trop.:

bonos juvenes adsignare famae,

Plin. Ep. 6, 23, 2; so Sen. Ep. 110.—

To make a mark upon something, to seal it (post-Aug.):

adsigna, Marce, tabellas,

Pers. 5, 81:

subscribente et adsignante domino,

Dig. 45, 1, 126; 26, 8, 20: cum adsignavero iis fructum hunc, shall have sealed and sent, Vulg. Rom. 15, 28.— Trop.:

verbum in clausulā positum adsignatur auditori et infigitur,

is impressed upon, Quint. 9, 4, 29.

cădo, cĕcĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( part. pres. gen. plur. cadentūm, Verg. A. 10, 674; 12, 410), v. n. [cf. Sanscr. çad-, to fall away].

Lit.

In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one ' s weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor;

opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25: (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828;

imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 258:

cadit in terras vis flammea,

id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

in patrios pedes,

Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning:

omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus,

in the direction of, towards their wound, Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.:

prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit,

Liv. 1, 58, 11:

cadit in vultus,

Ov. M. 5, 292:

in pectus,

id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad:

ad terras,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216:

ad terram,

Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de:

a summo cadere,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15:

a mento cadit manus,

Ov. F. 3, 20:

aves ab alto,

Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:

ut cadat (avis) e regione loci,

Lucr. 6, 824:

ex arbore,

Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2:

cecidisse de equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

cadere de equo,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (for which Cæsar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere):

de manibus arma cecidissent,

Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.:

de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

Verg. E. 1, 84:

de caelo,

Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322:

de matre (i. e. nasci),

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per:

per inane profundum,

Lucr. 2, 222:

per aquas,

id. 2, 230:

per salebras altaque saxa,

Mart. 11, 91; cf.:

imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.:

folia nunc cadunt,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12; Lucr. 6, 297:

ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres,

id. 6, 415:

cadens nix,

id. 3, 21; 3, 402:

velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concus [p. 259] sa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59:

cadentem Sustinuisse,

id. M. 8, 148:

saepius, of epileptics,

Plin. Val. 12, 58:

casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi,

Quint. 12, 10, 73.—

Esp.

Of heavenly bodies, to decline, set (opp. orior), Ov. F. 1, 295:

oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem,

Verg. A. 4, 480; 8, 59; Tac. G. 45:

soli subjecta cadenti arva,

Avien. Descr. Orb. 273; cf. Tac. Agr. 12:

quā (nocte) tristis Orion cadit,

Hor. Epod. 10, 10:

Arcturus cadens,

id. C. 3, 1, 27.—

To separate from something by falling, to fall off or away, fall out, to drop off, be shed, etc.:

nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 57:

dentes cadere imperat aetas,

Lucr. 5, 671; Sen. Ep. 12, 3; 83, 3:

pueri qui primus ceciderit dens,

Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 41:

barba,

Verg. E. 1, 29:

quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia,

id. A. 6, 310; cf. Cat. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 61:

lanigeris gregibus Sponte suā lanae cadunt,

Ov. M. 7, 541:

saetae,

id. ib. 14, 303:

quadrupedibus pilum cadere,

Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 231:

poma,

Ov. M. 7, 586:

cecidere manu quas legerat, herbae,

id. ib. 14, 350:

elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae,

id. ib. 9, 571:

et colus et fusus digitis cecidere remissis,

id. ib. 4, 229.—

Of a stream, to fall, empty itself:

amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris,

Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4:

flumina in pontum cadent,

Sen. Med. 406:

flumina in Hebrum cadentia,

Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50:

tandem in alterum amnem cadit,

Curt. 6, 4, 6.—

Of dice, to be thrown or cast; to turn up:

illud, quod cecidit forte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 23 sq.; Liv. 2, 12, 16.—

Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one ' s feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.—

Super collum allcujus, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.—

In a more restricted sense.

To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry):

cadere in plano,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.:

deorsum,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89:

uspiam,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12:

Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12:

dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent,

Quint. 8, 5, 32:

sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet,

Suet. Caes. 82:

cadere supinus,

id. Aug. 43 fin.:

in pectus pronus,

Ov. M. 4, 579:

cadunt toti montes,

Lucr. 6, 546:

radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit,

Cat. 64, 109:

concussae cadunt urbes,

Lucr. 5, 1236:

casura moenia Troum,

Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71:

multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris,

Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra;

bracchia palpebraeque cadunt,

their arms and eyelids fall, id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so,

ceciderunt artus,

id. 3, 453:

sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent,

Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.:

oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo,

Sen. Ep. 8, 1:

patriae cecidere manus,

Verg. A. 6, 33:

cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio?

Hor. C. 4, 1, 36:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.—

In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42 (usu. of those who die in battle;

hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 sq.:

aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142:

ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

pauci de nostris cadunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53:

optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari,

Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142:

per acies,

Tac. A. 1, 2:

pro patriā,

Quint. 2, 15, 29:

ante diem,

Verg. A. 4, 620:

bipenni,

Ov. M. 12, 611:

ense,

Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle:

inque pio cadit officio,

Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument:

suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt,

Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.:

suā manu cecidit,

fell by his own hand, id. ib. 15, 71:

exitu voluntario,

id. H. 1, 40:

muliebri fraude cadere,

id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.:

manu femineā,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179:

femineo Marte,

Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab:

torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

should be slain by, Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5:

a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā,

Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab:

barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.—

Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall ( poet.):

multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā,

Verg. A. 1, 334:

si tener pleno cadit haedus anno,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.—

In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104; Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.—

Matre cadens, just born ( poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.

Trop.

To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad:

sub sensus cadere nostros,

i. e. to be perceived by the senses, Lucr. 1, 448:

sub sensum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3:

sub oculos,

id. Or. 3, 9:

in conspectum,

to become visible, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

sub aurium mensuram,

id. Or. 20, 67:

sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected itself to law and the force of right, Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848:

ad servitia,

Liv. 1, 40, 3:

utrorum ad regna,

Lucr. 3, 836; so,

sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

in potestatem unius,

id. Att. 8, 3, 2:

in cogitationem,

to suggest itself to the thoughts, id. N. D. 1, 9, 21:

in hominum disceptationem,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

in deliberationem,

id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

in offensionem alicujus,

id. N. D. 1, 30, 85:

in morbum,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

in suspitionem alicujus,

Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

in calumniam,

Quint. 9, 4, 57:

abrupte cadere in narrationem,

id. 4, 1, 79:

in peccatum,

Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.—

In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.):

non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio,

Cic. Sull. 27, 75:

cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā?

id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

haec Academica... in personas non cadebant,

id. Att. 13, 19, 5:

qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt?

id. Or. 56, 188:

neque in unam formam cadunt omnia,

id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82:

heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?

Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7;

9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc.,

id. 2, 17, 32:

in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.—

To fall upon a definite time (rare):

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere ( were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.—

(Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one ' s lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).

Alicui:

nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit,

Cic. Quint. 16, 51:

hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1:

insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81:

mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,

Verg. G. 4, 165:

haec aliis maledicta cadant,

Tib. 1, 6, 85:

neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.—

Ab sol., Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.;

Cic. Leg.2, 13, 33: verebar quorsum id casurum esset,

how it would turn out, id. Att. 3, 24:

aliorsum vota ceciderunt,

Flor. 2, 4, 5:

cum aliter res cecidisset ac putasses,

had turned out differently from what was expected, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1:

sane ita cadebat ut vellem,

id. Att. 3, 7, 1; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, Nep. Milt. 2, 5 Dähne:

cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, a furioso incepto eos deterreret,

Liv. 36, 34, 3; 22, 40, 3; 35, 13, 9; 38, 46, 6; Plin. Pan. 31, 1; Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 8; Suet. Tib. 14 al.; Verg. A. 2, 709:

ut omnia fortiter fiant, feliciter cadant,

Sen. Suas. 2, p. 14:

multa. fortuito in melius casura,

Tac. A. 2, 77.—With adj.:

si non omnia caderent secunda,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

vota cadunt, i.e. rata sunt,

are fulfilled, realized, Tib. 2, 2, 17 (diff. from Prop. 1, 17, 4; v. under F.).—

With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. metaballei), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless:

omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; Lucr. 2, 1166:

ad irritum cadens spes,

Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26:

in irritum,

id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.:

ut irrita promissa ejus caderent,

Liv. 2, 31, 5:

haud irritae cecidere minae,

id. 6, 35, 10.—

To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen:

cadunt vires,

Lucr. 5, 410:

mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant,

Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.),

To lose all one ' s strength, worth, value, etc., to fall, to perish, vanish, decay, cease.

In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417:

turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit,

id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

tanta civitas, si cadet,

id. Har. Resp. 20, 42:

huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 13:

non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit?

Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91:

amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

animus,

to fail, Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347:

non debemus ita cadere animis, etc.,

to lose courage, be disheartened, Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4:

tam graviter,

id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking:

magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet,

Cic. Or. 28, 98:

alte enim cadere non potest,

id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one ' s cause or suit:

causā cadere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39:

formulā cadere,

Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in:

ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.:

cadere,

Tac. H. 4, 6; and:

criminibus repetundarum,

id. ib. 1, 77:

conjurationis crimine,

id. A. 6, 14:

ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum,

Ov. M. 13, 435:

omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt,

remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished, Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.:

at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro,

Prop. 1, 16, 34:

multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula,

to fall into disuse, grow out of date, Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause;

the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.— Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.—

Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.:

cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila,

Ov. M. 8, 2:

ventus premente nebulā cecidit,

Liv. 29, 27, 10:

cadente jam Euro,

id. 25, 27, 11:

venti vis omnis cecidit,

id. 26, 39, 8:

ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt,

id. 36, 43, 11; cf.:

sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor,

Verg. A. 1, 154:

ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,

id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.—

Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close:

verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera [p. 260] sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31:

plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam,

Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34:

apto cadens oratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 32:

numerus opportune cadens,

id. 9, 4, 27:

ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper,

id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = omoioptôta, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = omoioteleuta, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.

coepĭo, coepi, coeptum, 3 (the tempp. press. only a few times in the ante-class. period, and coepturus, Liv. 30, 5, 6; 42, 47, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 46; Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 98; Suet. Calig. 46; the tempp. perff., both in act. and pass. form, very freq.;

a trisyl. coëpit,

Lucr. 4, 619 Lachm. N. cr.), v. a. and n. [contr. from co-ăpio = apo; hence coapias for coepias in Cod. Ambros.; Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 46; v. in the foll., and cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 248], lit. to lay hold of something on different sides, to lay hold of; hence of an action, to begin, commence, undertake ( = incipio, which is the class. pres.).

Tempp. press.: coepiam seditiosa verba loqui, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 59, 10 Müll. lubido extemplo coepere est convivium, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 41:

mage si exigere coepias,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 46 Ritschl N. cr.:

neque pugnas neque ego lites coepio,

id. Men. 5, 5, 57:

ubi nihil habeat, alium quaestum coepiat,

id. Truc. 2, 1, 23: mane coepiam, Caecil. ap. Non. p. 89, 17: non Prius olfecissem, quam ille quicquam coeperet, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 43 Fleck.; cf.

Neue, Formenl. 2, 616: se Hasdrubalem adgressurum, ceterum non ante coepturum, quam, etc.,

Liv. 30, 5, 6:

nos rite coepturi ab Homero videmur,

Quint. 10, 1, 46:

nemine opinante quidnam coepturus esset,

Suet. Calig. 46.—

Tempp. perff. act.; the object usu. an inf.; so always in Cic. and Cæs.; mostly an inf. act.; rarely pass.; sometimes the acc. of a noun or pronoun.

With inf. act.:

cum ver esse coeperat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27; Ov. A. A. 1, 615 sq.:

discere coepit, Enn. Ann. ap. Fest. s. v. sam, p. 325, 24 Müll. (v. 228 Vahl.): amare coepi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 20:

oppugnare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6:

ire foras coeperunt,

Lucr. 4, 531:

coeperit inter se vesci, etc.,

id. 5, 72 et saep.—

With inf. pass. (in the poets and histt.):

per terrarum orbem fruges coepisse creari,

Lucr. 2, 614:

alia hujuscemodi fieri coepere,

Sall. C. 51, 40:

cum Lacedaemoniis pugnari coepit,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; so,

urbanus haberi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 27:

verti,

id. ib. 2, 1, 149:

institui,

id. A. P. 21:

moveri,

Ov. M. 3, 106; Suet. Tib. 75:

expleri,

id. Caes. 26:

eligi,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

occidi,

id. ib. 3, 34:

prohiberi,

Just. 14, 5, 9: coeptum est fieri, Auct. B. Afr. 69; 78; Liv. 24, 49, 4; 25, 34, 13; 27, 42, 5.—

With acc. (rare in prose; cf. B. infra): coepit cursum, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

novam mapalibus urbem,

Sil. 15, 420:

cur non ego id perpetrem, quod coepi?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 57:

si quicquam hodie hic turbae coeperis,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 30:

quae coeperamus,

Quint. 6, prooem. 15:

hujuscemodi orationem,

Tac. A. 4. 37:

(Sabinus) obsidium coepit per praesidia,

id. ib. 4, 39.—

Absol.:

nam primum... Non coepisse fuit: coepta expugnare secundum est,

Ov. M. 9, 619:

dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

Titus Livius hexametri exordio coepit,

Quint. 9, 4, 74; cf. id. 9, 4, 117:

si coepisset a toto corpore,

id. 9, 4, 23; cf. id. 7, 1, 2; 8, 6, 50:

pro vallo castrorum ita coepit (sc. dicere),

Tac. H. 1, 36:

Civilis ita coepit,

id. ib. 5, 26; id. A. 1, 41; 2, 37.—

With an ellipsis for dicere coepi, to begin to speak:

ita coepit tyrannus,

Liv. 34, 31, 1; 39, 15, 2:

coram data copia fandi, Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit,

Verg. A. 1, 521; 6, 372:

tum ita coepit: numquam mihi, etc.,

Liv. 28, 27, 1; Tac. A. 1, 41 fin.:

ad hunc modum coepit,

id. ib. 2, 37; id. H. 1, 36 fin.; Phaedr. 4, 23, 2.—

Pass. in the tempp. perff. and with the inf. pass. (cf. Zumpt, Gram, §

221): jure coepta appellari est Canis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18:

ante petitam esse pecuniam, quam esset coepta deberi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168; id. Div. 2, 2, 7; id. Brut. 67, 236; 88, 301; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 209; 2, 5, 4, § 9; id. Fam. 13, 29, 1; id. Att. 3, 15, 5; 6, 1, 3; Liv. 1, 57, 3; 2, 1, 4; 3, 38, 2;

9, 7, 7: quae (res) inter eos agi coeptae, neque perfectae essent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47; 4, 18:

bello premi sunt coepti,

Nep. Timoth. 3, 1; Cat. 95, 2.—With inf. act.:

mitescere discordiae intestinae coeptae,

Liv. 5, 17, 10; cf. Weissenb. ad loc.— Hence, coeptus, a, um, Part., begun, commenced, undertaken. consilium fraude coeptum, Liv. 35, 36, 5:

coeptum atque patratum bellum foret,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

jussis Carmina coepta tuis,

Verg. E. 8, 12; so,

coepti fiducia belli,

id. A. 2, 162; Liv. 35, 23, 1:

amor,

Ov. H. 17, 189:

iter,

id. F. 1, 188:

arma,

Tac. H. 2, 6; 4, 61:

coeptam deinde omissam actionem repetere,

id. ib. 4,44:

dies,

id. A. 4, 25 (cf. infra II.):

luce,

id. ib. 1, 65;

15, 55: nocte,

id. ib. 2, 13:

hieme,

id. ib. 12, 31. —Hence, subst.: coeptum, i, n., a work begun, a beginning, undertaking (most freq. after the Aug. per. and in the plur.; perh. never in Cic.;

also not in Hor.): ut repetam coeptum pertexere dictis,

Lucr. 1, 418:

nec taedia coepti Ulla mei capiam,

Ov. M. 9, 616:

coepti paenitentia,

Quint. 12, 5, 3; Suet. Oth. 5:

manus ultima coepto Defuit,

Ov. Tr. 2, 555: ne audaci coepto deessent; Liv. 42, 59, 7; cf. Verg. G. 1, 40:

feroci,

Sil. 11, 202.—With adv.:

bene coepto,

Liv. 45, 15, 7:

bene coepta,

Vell. 2, 14; and:

temere coepta,

Liv. 36, 15, 2.— Plur.:

coeptis meis,

Ov. M. 1, 2:

nostris,

id. ib. 9, 486:

immanibus,

Verg. A. 4, 642 al. —Without adj., Ov. M. 8, 67; 8, 463; Liv. 23, 35, 16; 23, 41, 4; 24, 13, 4; Tac. H. 2, 85; 3, 52; Suet. Ner. 34; id. Vesp. 6 et saep.—

Neutr., to begin, take a beginning, commence, originate, arise (most freq. since the Aug. per.; not in Cic.): neve inde navis incohandae exordium coepisset, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 282 Vahl.):

sic odium coepit glandis,

Lucr. 5, 1416:

post, ubi silentium coepit... verba facit, etc.,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

cum primum deditio coepit,

id. ib. 62, 7:

ubi dies coepit,

id. ib. 91, 4 (cf. supra, I. 2. d):

vere coepturo,

Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 98:

postquam apud Cadmiam pugna coepit,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; so,

pugna,

Liv. 2, 6, 10; Quint. 2, 4, 42; 9, 4, 50; cf. id. 9, 4, 55:

quando coeperit haec ars,

id. 2, 17, 8:

obsidium coepit per praesidia,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

a quo jurgium coepit,

Quint. 5, 10, 72; so with ab, Tac. H. 2, 47; and with ex, id. A. 15, 54 and 68; cf.:

quibus, uti mihi, ex virtute nobilitas coepit,

Sall. J. 85, 17.

cŏlo, colŭi, cultum, 3, v. a. [from the stem KOL, whence boukolos, boukoleô; cf.: colonus, in-cola, agri-cola] (orig. pertaining to agriculture), to cultivate, till, tend, take care of a field, garden, etc. (freq. in all per. and species of composition).

Prop.

With acc.:

fundum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

agrum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 14; Cato, R. R. 61; Col. 1 pr.:

agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

arva et vineta et oleas et arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

rus,

Col. 1, 1:

rura,

Cat. 64, 38; Tib. 1, 5, 21; Verg. G. 2, 413:

hortos,

Ov. M. 14, 624 al.:

jugera,

Col. 1 pr.:

patrios fines,

id. ib.:

solum,

id. 2, 2, 8:

terram,

id. 2, 2, 4:

arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

vitem,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

arbores,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 22:

arva,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 13, 15:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

fruges,

Ov. M. 15, 134:

poma,

id. ib. 14, 687; cf. under P. a.—

Absol., Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Verg. G. 1, 121; Dig. 19, 2, 54, § 1.—

In gen., without reference to economics, to abide, dwell, stay in a place, to inhabit (syn.: incolo, habito; most freq. since the Aug. per.).

With acc.:

hanc domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 4:

nemora atque cavos montes silvasque colebant,

Lucr. 5, 955:

regiones Acherunticas,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 21:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

urbem, urbem, mi Rufe, cole,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 2:

has terras,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 164; Tac. A. 2, 60:

loca Idae,

Cat. 63, 70:

Idalium,

id. 36, 12 sq.; 61, 17:

urbem Trojanam,

Verg. A. 4, 343:

Sicaniam,

Ov. M. 5, 495:

Maeoniam Sipylumque,

id. ib. 6, 149:

Elin Messeniaque arva,

id. ib. 2, 679:

regnum nemorale Dianae,

id. ib. 14, 331:

hoc nemus,

id. ib. 15, 545:

Elysium,

Verg. A. 5, 735:

loca magna,

Ov. M. 14, 681; Liv. 1, 7, 10:

Britanniam,

Tac. Agr. 11:

Rheni ripam,

id. G. 28:

victam ripam,

id. A. 1, 59:

terras,

id. ib. 2, 60; cf. id. H. 5, 2:

insulam,

id. A. 12, 61; id. G. 29:

regionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 4.— Poet., of poets:

me juvat in primā coluisse Helicona juventā,

i. e. to have written poetry in early youth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 19.—Also of animals:

anguis stagna,

Verg. G. 3, 430; Ov. M. 2, 380.—

Absol.:

hic,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68:

subdiu colere te usque perpetuom diem,

id. Most. 3, 2, 78; Liv. 42, 67, 9; Curt. 9, 9, 2:

colunt discreti ac diversi,

Tac. G. 16:

proximi Cattis Usipii ac Tencteri colunt,

id. ib. 32:

circa utramque ripam Rhodani,

Liv. 21, 26, 6:

quā Cilices maritimi colunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

prope Oceanum,

id. 24, 49, 6:

usque ad Albim,

Tac. A. 2, 41:

ultra Borysthenem fluvium,

Gell. 9, 4, 6:

super Bosporum,

Curt. 6, 2, 13:

extra urbem,

App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To bestow care upon a thing, to care for.

Of the gods: colere aliquem locum, to frequent, cherish, care for, protect, be the guardian of, said of places where they were worshipped, had temples, etc.:

deos deasque veneror, qui hanc urbem colunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 19; Cat. 36, 12:

Pallas, quas condidit arces, Ipsa colat,

Verg. E. 2, 62:

ille (Juppiter) colit terras,

id. ib. 3, 61; id. A. 1, 16 Forbig. ad loc.:

undis jura dabat, nymphisque colentibus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 576:

urbem colentes di,

Liv. 31, 30, 9; 5, 21, 3:

vos, Ceres mater ac Proserpina, precor, ceteri superi infernique di, qui hanc urbem colitis,

id. 24, 39, 8:

divi divaeque, qui maria terrasque colitis,

id. 29, 27, 1.—

Rarely with persons as object (syn.:

curo, studeo, observo, obsequor): Juppiter, qui genus colis alisque hominum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

(Castor et Pollux) dum terras hominumque colunt genus,

i. e. improve, polish, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7. —

Of the body or its parts, to cultivate, attend to, dress, clothe, adorn, etc.:

formamque augere colendo,

by attire, dress, Ov. M. 10, 534:

corpora,

id. A. A. 3, 107:

tu quoque dum coleris,

id. ib. 3, 225.—With abl.:

lacertos auro,

Curt. 8, 9, 21:

lacertum armillā aureā,

Petr. 32:

capillos,

Tib. 1, 6, 39; 1, 8, 9.—

With abstr. objects, to cultivate, cherish, seek, practise, devote one ' s self to, etc.;

of mental and moral cultivation: aequom et bonum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 10:

amicitiam,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 27:

fidem rectumque,

Ov. M. 1, 90:

fortitudinem,

Curt. 10, 3, 9:

jus et fas,

Liv. 27, 17 fin.:

memoriam alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

bonos mores,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

suum quaestum colit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 137:

pietatem,

id. As. 3, 1, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 33:

virtutem,

Cic. Arch. 7, 16; id. Off. 1, 41, 149:

amicitiam, justitiam, liberalitatem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 5:

virginitatis amorem,

Verg. A. 11, 584:

pacem,

Ov. M. 11, 297; cf. Martem, Sil. [p. 370] 8, 464:

studium philosophiae,

Cic. Brut. 91, 315:

disciplinam,

id. ib. 31, 117:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

id. Off. 1, 1, 3:

patrias artes militiamque,

Ov. F. 2, 508; cf.:

artes liberales,

Suet. Tib. 60:

ingenium singulari rerum militarium prudentiā,

Vell. 2, 29, 5 Kritz.—

Of a period of time or a condition, to live in, experience, live through, pass, spend, etc.:

servitutem apud aliquem,

to be a slave, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 7:

nunc plane nec ego victum, nec vitam illam colere possum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; and poet. in gen.: vitam or aevum = degere, to take care of life, for to live:

vitam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 74; id. Cas. 2, 1, 12; id. Rud. 1, 5, 25:

vitam inopem,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84:

aevum vi,

Lucr. 5, 1144 and 1149.—

Colere aliquem, to regard one with care, i. e. to honor, revere, reverence, worship, etc. (syn.: observo, veneror, diligo).

Most freq. of the reverence and worship of the gods, and the respect paid to objects pertaining thereto, to honor, respect, revere, reverence, worship:

quid est enim cur deos ab hominibus colendos dicas?

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115:

hos deos et venerari et colere debemus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 119; id. Agr. 2, 35, 94; Liv. 39, 15, 2; Cat. 61, 48:

Phoebe silvarumque potens Diana... o colendi Semper et culti,

Hor. C. S. 2 and 3; cf. Ov. M. 8, 350:

deos aris, pulvinaribus,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

Mercurium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

Apollinem nimiā religione,

Curt. 4, 3, 21:

Cererem secubitu,

Ov. A. 3, 10, 16:

(deam) magis officiis quam probitate,

id. P. 3, 1, 76:

per flamines et sacerdotes,

Tac. A. 1, 10; Suet. Vit. 1:

quo cognomine is deus quādam in parte urbis colebatur,

id. Aug. 70:

deum precibus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 580:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9; cf. id. Font. 10, 21; and:

colebantur religiones pie magis quam magnifice,

Liv. 3, 57, 7; and:

apud quos juxta divinas religiones humana fides colitur,

id. 9, 9, 4:

sacra,

Ov. M. 4, 32; 15, 679:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 733; 6, 208; cf. Liv. 1, 7, 10; Suet. Vit. 2 et saep.:

numina alicujus,

Verg. G. 1, 30:

templum,

id. A. 4, 458; Ov. M. 11, 578:

caerimonias sepulcrorum tantā curà,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

sacrarium summā caerimoniā,

Nep. Th. 8, 4:

simulacrum,

Suet. Galb. 4.—

Of the honor bestowed upon men:

ut Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

quia me colitis et magnificatis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 23; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

a quibus diligenter observari videmur et coli,

Cic. Mur. 34, 70; cf. id. Fam. 6, 10, 7; 13, 22, 1; id. Off. 1, 41, 149; Sall. J. 10, 8:

poëtarum nomen,

Cic. Arch. 11, 27:

civitatem,

id. Fl. 22, 52; cf.:

in amicis et diligendis et colendis,

id. Lael. 22, 85 and 82:

semper ego plebem Romanam militiae domique... colo atque colui,

Liv. 7, 32, 16:

colere et ornare,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

me diligentissime,

id. ib. 13, 25 init.:

si te colo, Sexte, non amabo,

Mart. 2, 55:

aliquem donis,

Liv. 31, 43, 7:

litteris,

Nep. Att. 20, 4:

nec illos arte colam, nec opulenter,

Sall. J. 85, 34 Kritz.— Hence,

cŏlens, entis, P. a., honoring, treating respectfully; subst., a reverer, worshipper; with gen.:

religionum,

Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—

cultus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).

Cultivated, tilled:

ager cultior,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 20:

ager cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

materia et culta et silvestris,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

res pecuaria,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

rus cultissimum,

Col. 1, 1, 1:

terra,

Quint. 5, 11, 24:

fundus cultior,

id. 8, 3, 8:

cultiora loca,

Curt. 7, 3, 18.—

Subst.: culta, ōrum, n., tilled, cultivated land, gardens, plantations, etc., Lucr. 1, 165; 1, 210; 5, 1370; Verg. G. 1, 153; 2, 196; 4, 372; Plin. 24, 10, 49, § 83—Hence,

Trop., ornamented, adorned, polished, elegant, cultivated:

milites habebat tam cultos ut argento et auro politis armis ornaret,

Suet. Caes. 67:

adulter,

Ov. Tr. 2, 499:

turba muliebriter culta,

Curt. 3, 3, 14:

sacerdos veste candidā cultus,

Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251:

matrona vetitā purpurā culta,

Suet. Ner. 32:

filia cultior,

Mart. 10, 98, 3:

animi culti,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

tempora et ingenia cultiora,

Curt. 7, 8, 11:

Tibullus,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 28; cf.

carmina,

id. A. A. 3, 341:

cultiores doctioresque redire,

Gell. 19, 8, 1:

sermone cultissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 45.— Adv.: cul-tē, elegantly: dicere, * Quint. 8, 3, 7; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Sen. Suas. 4 fin.; Tac. Or. 21: (sc. veste) progredi, Just. 3, 3, 5:

incubare strato lectulo,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.— Sup. apparently not in use.

cōlo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. [colum], to filter, strain, to clarify, purify (post-Aug.):

ceram,

Col. 9, 16, 1:

mel,

id. 12, 11, 1:

vinum sportā palmeā,

Pall. Febr. 27:

sucum linteo,

Plin. 25, 13, 103, § 164:

thymum cribro,

Col. 7, 8, 7:

aliquid per linteum,

Scrib. Comp. 271:

ad colum,

Veg. 2, 28, 19:

per colum,

Apic. 4, 2:

aurum,

App. Flor. p. 343, 20:

terra colans,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

faex colata,

id. 31, 8, 44, § 95.— Poet.:

amnes inductis retibus,

i. e. to spread out a fish-net, Manil. 5, 193.—Hence, cōlātus, a, um, P. a., cleansed, purified (post-class.):

nitor (beryllorum),

Tert. Anim. 9.—

Trop.:

certiora et colatiora somniari,

Tert. Anim. 48.

cŏlo, colŭi, cultum, 3, v. a. [from the stem KOL, whence boukolos, boukoleô; cf.: colonus, in-cola, agri-cola] (orig. pertaining to agriculture), to cultivate, till, tend, take care of a field, garden, etc. (freq. in all per. and species of composition).

Prop.

With acc.:

fundum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

agrum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 14; Cato, R. R. 61; Col. 1 pr.:

agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

arva et vineta et oleas et arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

rus,

Col. 1, 1:

rura,

Cat. 64, 38; Tib. 1, 5, 21; Verg. G. 2, 413:

hortos,

Ov. M. 14, 624 al.:

jugera,

Col. 1 pr.:

patrios fines,

id. ib.:

solum,

id. 2, 2, 8:

terram,

id. 2, 2, 4:

arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

vitem,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

arbores,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 22:

arva,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 13, 15:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

fruges,

Ov. M. 15, 134:

poma,

id. ib. 14, 687; cf. under P. a.—

Absol., Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Verg. G. 1, 121; Dig. 19, 2, 54, § 1.—

In gen., without reference to economics, to abide, dwell, stay in a place, to inhabit (syn.: incolo, habito; most freq. since the Aug. per.).

With acc.:

hanc domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 4:

nemora atque cavos montes silvasque colebant,

Lucr. 5, 955:

regiones Acherunticas,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 21:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

urbem, urbem, mi Rufe, cole,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 2:

has terras,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 164; Tac. A. 2, 60:

loca Idae,

Cat. 63, 70:

Idalium,

id. 36, 12 sq.; 61, 17:

urbem Trojanam,

Verg. A. 4, 343:

Sicaniam,

Ov. M. 5, 495:

Maeoniam Sipylumque,

id. ib. 6, 149:

Elin Messeniaque arva,

id. ib. 2, 679:

regnum nemorale Dianae,

id. ib. 14, 331:

hoc nemus,

id. ib. 15, 545:

Elysium,

Verg. A. 5, 735:

loca magna,

Ov. M. 14, 681; Liv. 1, 7, 10:

Britanniam,

Tac. Agr. 11:

Rheni ripam,

id. G. 28:

victam ripam,

id. A. 1, 59:

terras,

id. ib. 2, 60; cf. id. H. 5, 2:

insulam,

id. A. 12, 61; id. G. 29:

regionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 4.— Poet., of poets:

me juvat in primā coluisse Helicona juventā,

i. e. to have written poetry in early youth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 19.—Also of animals:

anguis stagna,

Verg. G. 3, 430; Ov. M. 2, 380.—

Absol.:

hic,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68:

subdiu colere te usque perpetuom diem,

id. Most. 3, 2, 78; Liv. 42, 67, 9; Curt. 9, 9, 2:

colunt discreti ac diversi,

Tac. G. 16:

proximi Cattis Usipii ac Tencteri colunt,

id. ib. 32:

circa utramque ripam Rhodani,

Liv. 21, 26, 6:

quā Cilices maritimi colunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

prope Oceanum,

id. 24, 49, 6:

usque ad Albim,

Tac. A. 2, 41:

ultra Borysthenem fluvium,

Gell. 9, 4, 6:

super Bosporum,

Curt. 6, 2, 13:

extra urbem,

App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To bestow care upon a thing, to care for.

Of the gods: colere aliquem locum, to frequent, cherish, care for, protect, be the guardian of, said of places where they were worshipped, had temples, etc.:

deos deasque veneror, qui hanc urbem colunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 19; Cat. 36, 12:

Pallas, quas condidit arces, Ipsa colat,

Verg. E. 2, 62:

ille (Juppiter) colit terras,

id. ib. 3, 61; id. A. 1, 16 Forbig. ad loc.:

undis jura dabat, nymphisque colentibus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 576:

urbem colentes di,

Liv. 31, 30, 9; 5, 21, 3:

vos, Ceres mater ac Proserpina, precor, ceteri superi infernique di, qui hanc urbem colitis,

id. 24, 39, 8:

divi divaeque, qui maria terrasque colitis,

id. 29, 27, 1.—

Rarely with persons as object (syn.:

curo, studeo, observo, obsequor): Juppiter, qui genus colis alisque hominum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

(Castor et Pollux) dum terras hominumque colunt genus,

i. e. improve, polish, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7. —

Of the body or its parts, to cultivate, attend to, dress, clothe, adorn, etc.:

formamque augere colendo,

by attire, dress, Ov. M. 10, 534:

corpora,

id. A. A. 3, 107:

tu quoque dum coleris,

id. ib. 3, 225.—With abl.:

lacertos auro,

Curt. 8, 9, 21:

lacertum armillā aureā,

Petr. 32:

capillos,

Tib. 1, 6, 39; 1, 8, 9.—

With abstr. objects, to cultivate, cherish, seek, practise, devote one ' s self to, etc.;

of mental and moral cultivation: aequom et bonum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 10:

amicitiam,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 27:

fidem rectumque,

Ov. M. 1, 90:

fortitudinem,

Curt. 10, 3, 9:

jus et fas,

Liv. 27, 17 fin.:

memoriam alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

bonos mores,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

suum quaestum colit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 137:

pietatem,

id. As. 3, 1, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 33:

virtutem,

Cic. Arch. 7, 16; id. Off. 1, 41, 149:

amicitiam, justitiam, liberalitatem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 5:

virginitatis amorem,

Verg. A. 11, 584:

pacem,

Ov. M. 11, 297; cf. Martem, Sil. [p. 370] 8, 464:

studium philosophiae,

Cic. Brut. 91, 315:

disciplinam,

id. ib. 31, 117:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

id. Off. 1, 1, 3:

patrias artes militiamque,

Ov. F. 2, 508; cf.:

artes liberales,

Suet. Tib. 60:

ingenium singulari rerum militarium prudentiā,

Vell. 2, 29, 5 Kritz.—

Of a period of time or a condition, to live in, experience, live through, pass, spend, etc.:

servitutem apud aliquem,

to be a slave, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 7:

nunc plane nec ego victum, nec vitam illam colere possum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; and poet. in gen.: vitam or aevum = degere, to take care of life, for to live:

vitam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 74; id. Cas. 2, 1, 12; id. Rud. 1, 5, 25:

vitam inopem,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84:

aevum vi,

Lucr. 5, 1144 and 1149.—

Colere aliquem, to regard one with care, i. e. to honor, revere, reverence, worship, etc. (syn.: observo, veneror, diligo).

Most freq. of the reverence and worship of the gods, and the respect paid to objects pertaining thereto, to honor, respect, revere, reverence, worship:

quid est enim cur deos ab hominibus colendos dicas?

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115:

hos deos et venerari et colere debemus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 119; id. Agr. 2, 35, 94; Liv. 39, 15, 2; Cat. 61, 48:

Phoebe silvarumque potens Diana... o colendi Semper et culti,

Hor. C. S. 2 and 3; cf. Ov. M. 8, 350:

deos aris, pulvinaribus,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

Mercurium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

Apollinem nimiā religione,

Curt. 4, 3, 21:

Cererem secubitu,

Ov. A. 3, 10, 16:

(deam) magis officiis quam probitate,

id. P. 3, 1, 76:

per flamines et sacerdotes,

Tac. A. 1, 10; Suet. Vit. 1:

quo cognomine is deus quādam in parte urbis colebatur,

id. Aug. 70:

deum precibus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 580:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9; cf. id. Font. 10, 21; and:

colebantur religiones pie magis quam magnifice,

Liv. 3, 57, 7; and:

apud quos juxta divinas religiones humana fides colitur,

id. 9, 9, 4:

sacra,

Ov. M. 4, 32; 15, 679:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 733; 6, 208; cf. Liv. 1, 7, 10; Suet. Vit. 2 et saep.:

numina alicujus,

Verg. G. 1, 30:

templum,

id. A. 4, 458; Ov. M. 11, 578:

caerimonias sepulcrorum tantā curà,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

sacrarium summā caerimoniā,

Nep. Th. 8, 4:

simulacrum,

Suet. Galb. 4.—

Of the honor bestowed upon men:

ut Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

quia me colitis et magnificatis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 23; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

a quibus diligenter observari videmur et coli,

Cic. Mur. 34, 70; cf. id. Fam. 6, 10, 7; 13, 22, 1; id. Off. 1, 41, 149; Sall. J. 10, 8:

poëtarum nomen,

Cic. Arch. 11, 27:

civitatem,

id. Fl. 22, 52; cf.:

in amicis et diligendis et colendis,

id. Lael. 22, 85 and 82:

semper ego plebem Romanam militiae domique... colo atque colui,

Liv. 7, 32, 16:

colere et ornare,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

me diligentissime,

id. ib. 13, 25 init.:

si te colo, Sexte, non amabo,

Mart. 2, 55:

aliquem donis,

Liv. 31, 43, 7:

litteris,

Nep. Att. 20, 4:

nec illos arte colam, nec opulenter,

Sall. J. 85, 34 Kritz.— Hence,

cŏlens, entis, P. a., honoring, treating respectfully; subst., a reverer, worshipper; with gen.:

religionum,

Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—

cultus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).

Cultivated, tilled:

ager cultior,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 20:

ager cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

materia et culta et silvestris,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

res pecuaria,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

rus cultissimum,

Col. 1, 1, 1:

terra,

Quint. 5, 11, 24:

fundus cultior,

id. 8, 3, 8:

cultiora loca,

Curt. 7, 3, 18.—

Subst.: culta, ōrum, n., tilled, cultivated land, gardens, plantations, etc., Lucr. 1, 165; 1, 210; 5, 1370; Verg. G. 1, 153; 2, 196; 4, 372; Plin. 24, 10, 49, § 83—Hence,

Trop., ornamented, adorned, polished, elegant, cultivated:

milites habebat tam cultos ut argento et auro politis armis ornaret,

Suet. Caes. 67:

adulter,

Ov. Tr. 2, 499:

turba muliebriter culta,

Curt. 3, 3, 14:

sacerdos veste candidā cultus,

Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251:

matrona vetitā purpurā culta,

Suet. Ner. 32:

filia cultior,

Mart. 10, 98, 3:

animi culti,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

tempora et ingenia cultiora,

Curt. 7, 8, 11:

Tibullus,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 28; cf.

carmina,

id. A. A. 3, 341:

cultiores doctioresque redire,

Gell. 19, 8, 1:

sermone cultissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 45.— Adv.: cul-tē, elegantly: dicere, * Quint. 8, 3, 7; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Sen. Suas. 4 fin.; Tac. Or. 21: (sc. veste) progredi, Just. 3, 3, 5:

incubare strato lectulo,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.— Sup. apparently not in use.

cōlo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. [colum], to filter, strain, to clarify, purify (post-Aug.):

ceram,

Col. 9, 16, 1:

mel,

id. 12, 11, 1:

vinum sportā palmeā,

Pall. Febr. 27:

sucum linteo,

Plin. 25, 13, 103, § 164:

thymum cribro,

Col. 7, 8, 7:

aliquid per linteum,

Scrib. Comp. 271:

ad colum,

Veg. 2, 28, 19:

per colum,

Apic. 4, 2:

aurum,

App. Flor. p. 343, 20:

terra colans,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

faex colata,

id. 31, 8, 44, § 95.— Poet.:

amnes inductis retibus,

i. e. to spread out a fish-net, Manil. 5, 193.—Hence, cōlātus, a, um, P. a., cleansed, purified (post-class.):

nitor (beryllorum),

Tert. Anim. 9.—

Trop.:

certiora et colatiora somniari,

Tert. Anim. 48.

com-mĕmŏro ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to recall an object to memory in all its particulars.

Rarely of one's self, to call to mind, be mindful of, keep in mind, remember; with acc. and inf. or rel. -clause:

quid quoque die dixerim, audierim, egerim, commemoro vesperi,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38.—With acc. and inf.:

cottidie commemorabam te unum in tanto exercitu mihi fuisse adsensorem,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

vitandi rumoris causā, quo patrem Caesarem vulgo reprehensum commemorabam,

Suet. Aug. 45.—More freq.,

Of others, to bring something to one ' s recollection by speaking of it, to remind of:

aliquid,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 36; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 14:

ad commemorandam renovandamque amicitiam missi,

Liv. 27, 4, 10:

beneficia meminisse debet is, in quem collata sunt, non commemorare qui contulit,

Cic. Lael. 20, 71.—Hence (and so most freq.),

Without the access. idea of remembering, to make mention of something, to recount, relate; constr. with acc., acc. and inf., rel.clause, or with de.

With acc.:

id interdum furtim nomen commemorabitur,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 29:

res,

Lucr. 6, 938:

causas,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

humanam societatem,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 31:

Xenophontis illam jucunditatem,

Quint. 10, 1, 82:

o commemoranda judicia!

Cic. Verr. 1, 14, 42; cf. id. Fam. 1, 9, 18.—

With acc. and inf., Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160; cf. Nep. Alcib. 2, 2.—

With rel.clause:

quid ego nunc commemorem Singillatim, qualis ego in hunc fuerim?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 42; 4, 5, 3:

chlamydem hanc commemores quanti conducta'st?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 88.—

With de:

omnes de tuā virtute commemorant,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 37; so id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; id. Font. 14, 30; Nep. Dion, 6, 2 al.; cf.:

multa de aliqua re,

id. Hann. 2, 3; id. Att. 17, 1.—

With in:

quae si in privatis gloriosa sunt, multo magis commemorabuntur in regibus,

Cic. Deiot. 14, 40; cf.: cum legent in ejus virtutibus commemorari saltasse eum commode, Nep. praef. § 1.

concĭlĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [concilium].

To bring together several objects into one whole, to unite, connect (class. in prose and poetry, not in Hor.).

Prop. (thus several times in Lucr. of the union of atoms):

primordia Non ex illarum conventu conciliata,

not formed by the union of separate parts, Lucr. 1, 612; 2, 901:

dispersa,

id. 6, 890:

omnia in alto,

id. 5, 466; cf. also id. 1, 1042; 2, 552.—Of physical union of other kinds:

traduces bini inter se obvii miscentur alliganturque unā conciliati,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 211;

of medic. mixtures: gramen hyoscyami cerae,

to mix, Ser. Samm. 40, 754.—

Of the fulling of cloth:

vestimentum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 43 Müll.—

Trop.

To unite in thought or feeling, to make friendly, to procure the favor of, to make inclined to, to gain, win over; constr. aliquos inter se, aliquem alicui or absol. (in this sense very freq.).

Aliquos inter se:

quin res publica nos inter nos conciliatura conjuncturaque sit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2; so,

conciliare et conjungere homines inter se,

id. Off. 1, 16, 50:

feras inter sese,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63.—

Aliquem ( aliquid) alicui:

conciliare sibi, avertere ab adversario judicem,

Quint. 6, 1, 11:

quas (legiones) sibi conciliare pecuniā cogitabat,

Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 2:

Pammenem sibi similitudine fortunae,

Tac. A. 16, 14:

homines sibi,

Nep. Ages. 2 fin.; id. Them. 10, 1:

simulatque natum sit animal, ipsum sibi conciliari et commendari ad se conservandum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 16:

eam civitatem Arvernis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7; cf.:

reliquas civitates amicitia Caesari,

id. B. C. 3, 55 fin.:

per quam (causam) cum universo ordini tum primoribus se patrum concilient,

Liv. 4, 48, 9:

arma sibi,

Verg. A. 10, 151:

deos homini,

Ov. F. 1, 337:

audientem exordio,

Quint. 8, prooem. 11:

judicem probationibus nostris,

id. 4, 3, 9:

Maurorum animos Vitellio,

Tac. H. 2, 58; cf.:

quas res quosque homines quibus rebus aut quibus hominibus vel conciliasset vel alienasset ipsa natura,

Quint. 5, 10, 17: omne animal primum constitutioni suae conciliari, i. e. governs itself in accordance with, etc., Sen. Ep. 124, 14; cf. id. ib. §

15 sqq.: primum sibi ipsum conciliatur animal,

id. ib. §

17: frui iis rebus, quas primas homini natura conciliet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 42, 131; cf. conciliatio, I. B. 2.—Without dat.:

conciliabat ceteros reges,

Nep. Hann. 10, 2; so,

accusatorem,

Quint. 6, 1, 12:

conciliare, docere, movere judicem,

id. 11, 1, 61; cf. id. 2, 5, 7; 3, 9, 7:

plures,

Tac. A. 15, 51:

animos hominum,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 17; cf. id. de Or. 3, 53, 204:

animum judicis,

Quint. 4, 1, 25; cf.:

animos judicum (opp. alienare),

id. 11, 1, 8:

animos plebis,

Liv. 1, 35, 2:

animos militum pollicitationibus,

Suet. Oth. 6; cf. Tac. H. 1, 18, —

( Aliquem) ad aliquid: Labienum praefecit togatae, quo majore commendatione conciliaretur ad consulatūs petitionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 52.—

Absol.:

nihil est ad conciliandum gratius verecundiā,

Quint. 11, 3, 161:

conciliare, narrare,

id. 3, 4, 15.—

= commendo, to represent something to one as agreeable, pleasant, etc., i. e. to recommend:

et dictis artes conciliasse suas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 42.—

With acc. and dat. (aliquid alicui) or absol., to procure, provide, prepare, produce something for one.

With physical objects.

Of the procuring of a maiden, an object of love, in an honorable and (more freq.) in a dishonorable sense, to unite, procure, couple (cf. Lucr. 5, 961):

tute ad eum adeas, tute concilies, tute poscas,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 111:

num me nupsisti conciliante seni?

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 42:

conciliata viro,

Cat. 68, 130:

existimabatur Servilia etiam filiam suam Tertiam Caesari conciliare,

to give as a mistress, Suet. Caes. 50:

cum ei dignatio Juliā genitam Atiam conciliasset uxorem,

Vell. 2, 59, 2.—Once with ad:

a tuā me uxore dicam delatum, ut sese ad eum conciliarem,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206.—

To procure, obtain by purchase or otherwise, to purchase, acquire, win, gain:

illum mihi,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 25; cf.:

male habiti et male conciliati,

i. e. at a bad bargain, id. Ps. 1, 2, 1:

prodi, male conciliate,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 2: Mi. Estne empta mihi haec? Pe. His legibus habeas licet, Conciliavisti pulcre, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 39 sq.:

ut tibi recte conciliandi primo facerem copiam,

a chance for a good bargain, id. Pers. 4, 3, 69:

si ullo pacto ille (filius) huc conciliari potest,

can be brought here, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 22 (cf. id. ib. prol. 33):

HS. viciens ex hoc uno genere,

to extort, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 142; cf.

pecunias,

id. ib. 2, 2, 55, § 137; 2, 3, 30, § 71; 2, 3, 84, § 194;

and, in a more gen. sense: summum bonum esse frui rebus iis, quas primas natura conciliavisset,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 131.—

With abstr. objects, to cause, bring about, procure, acquire, make, produce, etc.:

affinitatem et gratiam,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 42; cf.

gratiam,

Suet. Calig. 3:

pacem inter cives,

Cic. Fam. 10, 27, 1; cf. Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 2:

amorem sibi,

Cic. Arch. 8, 17; cf. id. de Or. 2, 51, 206:

favorem ad vulgum,

Liv. 29, 22, 8; cf.:

favorem populi,

Suet. Caes. 11:

amicitiam cum aliquo,

Cic. Deiot. 14, 39:

gloriam,

id. Mur. 20, 41:

laudem,

Quint. 2, 7, 4:

dignitatem auctoribus suis,

Tac. Or. 9:

famam clementiae,

Liv. 21, 60, 4:

majestatem nomini Romano,

id. 29, 11, 4:

odium,

Quint. 5, 13, 38; 6, 2, 16:

risus,

to cause, id. 6, 3, 35:

otium,

Nep. Timol. 3, 2:

otii nomine servitutem,

id. Epam. 5, 3:

nuptias,

to bring about, id. Att. 5, 3; Just. 7, 6, 10; cf.:

jugales toros,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 70.—Hence, concĭlĭātus, a, um, P. a. (in acc. with I. B.), friendly; in partic. in a pass. sense.

Beloved:

(Hasdrubal) flore aetatis primo Hamilcari conciliatus,

Liv. 21, 2, 3:

juvenis aetatis flore conciliatus sibi,

Curt. 7, 9, 19; cf. Suet. Vit. Ter. 1; id. Vit. 7.—In sup.:

est nobis conciliatissimus,

Symm. Ep. 9, 37.—

In an act. sense, favorably inclined, devoted, favorable to something; comp.:

ut judex ad rem accipiendam fiat conciliatior,

Quint. 4, 2, 24:

(homo) voluptati a naturā conciliatus, a dolore autem abjunctus alienatusque est,

Gell. 12, 5, 18.— Adv. not in use.

confĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj. confexim, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 39; in pass., besides the regular form conficior, freq., but not in Cic., in acc. with fīo, fieri:

confit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 7; Lucr. 4, 291; Col. 2, 15, 1; Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 103; 31, 7, 40, § 83; Macr. S. 1, 14, 13; id. Somn. Scip. 2, 3; 1, 2:

confiunt,

Lucr. 4, 738; Arn. 7, 219:

confiat,

Col. 1, 8, 12; Lucr. 4, 929 Lachm.: confiant, Imp. Leo, Cod. 2, 7, 11: confieret, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 3; 9, 7, A, 1; Liv. 5, 50, 7:

confierent,

Suet. Caes. 20; Arn. 2, 73:

confieri,

Lucr. 2, 1069; 5, 889; Caes. B. G. 7, 58; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Verg. A. 4, 116; v. Forbig. ad loc.; Tac. A. 15, 59; cf. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 611), v. a. [facio].

To make a thing completely ready, to make, prepare, bring about, complete, accomplish, execute, etc. (except in Quint., freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

nisi cottidiano sesquiopus confeceris,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 67; cf.

pensum,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 81; id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:

eme lanam, unde pallium conficiatur,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 93; cf.:

anulum, pallium, soccos suā manu,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

vestem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59; Suet. Aug. 73:

ligna ad fornacem,

to make ready, prepare for, Cato, R. R. 16; cf.:

conficere atque contexere villos ovium,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

aurum et argentum,

Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 157:

frumenta (with molere),

id. 7, 56, 57, § 191:

tabulas litteris Graecis,

to write, draw up, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; [p. 413] cf.:

libros Graeco sermone,

to compose, write, Nep. Hann. 13, 2;

and librum Graece,

id. Att. 18, 6:

tabulas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 60:

orationes,

Nep. Cato, 3, 3:

illam partem superiorem orationis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 121:

nuptias,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 22; Suet. Claud. 26:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54; Sall. C. 51, 5; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 3; Liv. 21, 40, 11; so,

duella,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 254 al.; cf.

proelium,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

tantum facinus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76; cf.

caedem,

Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

legitima quaedam,

id. Phoc. 4, 2:

residua diurni actus,

Suet. Aug. 78:

mandata,

Cic. Planc. 11, 28; id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 3; Sall. J. 12, 4:

omnibus rebus magnā curā, multā operā et labore confectis,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

ad eas res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

negotium,

id. B. C. 1, 29; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5:

quibus rebus confectis,

Sall. C. 46, 1; Nep. Pelop. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

confecto legationis officio,

id. B. C. 3, 103.—

Esp.

In the lang. of business, to settle, close a bargain, finish, etc.; absol.:

tu cum Apellā Chio confice de columnis,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1:

quod si mihi permisisses, confecissem cum coheredibus,

id. Fam. 7, 2, 1:

de Acutiliano negotio quod mihi mandaras... confeceram,

id. Att. 1, 5, 4.—

Of space or distance traversed, to pass over, accomplish, traverse, go over, make, accomplish:

iter,

Cic. Att. 4, 14, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 12; Nep. Ages. 4, 4 al.; cf.:

tertiam partem itineris,

id. Eum. 8, 6; and poet.:

nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor,

Verg. G. 2, 541:

cursum,

Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1; Verg. A. 5, 362:

cursum vitae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

cursus annuos conficit sol,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 87; 2, 20, 52:

longam viam,

id. Sen. 2, 6:

celeritate incredibili longissimas vias,

Suet. Caes. 57.—Rarely of space occupied:

tecta facturi, ut mille passuum conficiatur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8 (14).—

Trop.

In gen., to produce, cause, make, bring about, effect:

sollicitudines mihi,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 26:

geminas nuptias,

id. ib. 4, 1, 50; cf.:

aliquid mali gnato,

id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:

pacem,

id. ib. 5, 2, 45:

motus animorum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324.—With two accs.:

animum auditoris mitem et misericordem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 106:

reditum alicui,

to procure, id. Fam. 9, 13, 4.—Also absol., to be efficient, to accomplish a direct result, be an active cause (philos. t. t.):

aliae causae ipsae conficiunt, aliae vim aliquam ad conficiendum afferunt,

Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93.—

Of time, to complete, finish, end, spend, pass:

cum sexaginta annos confecerit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

centum annos,

id. Or. 52, 176:

diem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:

tum denique judicetur beatusne fuerit, cum extremum vitae diem morte confecerit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

annuum tempus,

id. Att. 15, 15, 4:

omnem vitae suae cursum in labore corporis atque in animi contentione (just before: ut in amore et voluptatibus adulescentiam suam collocaret),

id. Cael. 17, 39:

annuum munus,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 1:

biennium,

id. Quint. 12, 40:

suas horas (somnus),

Sil. 4, 89:

aequinoctium,

Col. 2, 8, 2; cf.

brumam,

id. 9, 14, 12; Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

commissum ac profligatum bellum,

Liv. 8, 25, 5; Flor. 2, 15, 2.—

In philos. lang., to bring forward as proved, to show, deduce:

conclusio est, quae ex eis quae ante dicta sunt, conficit, quid necessario consequatur,

Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41 fin.; Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 53; hence, conficior, to follow logically (from something), to be deduced; with ex:

cum id perspicuum sit, quod conficiatur ex ratiocinatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 72; so Quint. 5, 14, 9; 5, 14, 22; 9, 4, 69; and absol., Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 87 al.—

Transf., to diminish, lessen, weaken an object; to sweep away, destroy, kill, wear out, consume.

Prop.:

dentes intimi escas conficiunt,

grind, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 134; so Liv. 2, 32, 10; Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 160; cf.

cibos,

to digest, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 180 al.:

ignes Conficerent vulgo silvas, arbusta cremarent,

Lucr. 1, 905; cf.:

conficere, omnia igni, frigore,

id. 1, 536:

patrimonium suum (corresp. with dissipare),

Cic. Fl. 36, 90:

sapiens si fame ipse conficiatur... vir bonus, ne ipse frigore conficiatur, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 6, 29.—With acc. and inf.:

ipse conficior venisse tempus cum possim, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 3:

nihil est opere et manu factum, quod non conficiat et consumat vetustas,

id. Marcell. 4, 11: quae vetustas est, quae vim divinam conficere possit? id. Div. 2, 57, 117.—In part. perf.: sicut fortis equus... senio confectu' quiescit, impaired, weakened, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14;

and so very freq.: confectus senectute,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

aetate,

Sall. J. 9, 4; Cat. 68, 119:

aevo,

Verg. A. 11, 85:

senectā, Ov M. 6, 37: cum corporis morbo tum animi dolore,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86; cf. id. Fin. 1, 12, 41; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

multis gravibusque vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25; 3, 5; Sall. J. 60, 7:

curā,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 4:

dolore,

Cat. 65, 1.—Without abl.:

ut fessos confectosque aggrediantur,

exhausted, Liv. 1, 23, 9; cf.:

confectus et saucius,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

artus,

Lucr. 3, 947:

ego te hic hac offatim conficiam,

to cut in pieces, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 52:

Athenienses,

to subdue, Nep. Lys. 1, 1; so,

provinciam,

Cic. Inv. 2, 37, 111; Liv. 26, 21, 2; 28, 28, 7; 40, 28, 8; 41, 12, 3; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; Liv. 27, 5, 3; 40, 35, 4:

duos hostium exercitus,

id. 2, 40, 13:

me (sica illa) paene confecit,

killed, Cic. Mil. 14, 37:

alterum Curiatium,

Liv. 1, 25, 10; cf.

saucium,

id. 42, 16, 1:

Caligulam vulneribus triginta,

Suet. Calig. 58:

maximam vim serpentium (ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101;

so of the killing of animals,

Suet. Claud. 21; id. Dom. 19; Lampr. Com. 13 al.; cf. confector, II.;

and in mal. part.,

Suet. Ner. 29 (v. the passage in its connection).—